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THE PREMIER 
DICTIONARY 



OF THE 



ENGLISH LANGUAGE 

Revised and brought up to date in accordance 

with the most recent eminent American 

and English authorities 



By 

EDWARD T. ROE, LL.B, 

n 
AND OTHER LEXICOGRAPHERS 



PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED IN 
COLORS AND HALF-TONES 



PUBLISHED BY 

WORLD SYNDICATE COMPANY 

NEW YORK 
1914 EDITION 



V ',. 






Copyright, 1904, by 
LOUIS KLOPSCH, NEW YORK 



Copyright, 1905. by 
CUPPLES & LEON 



Copyright, 1911, by 
CUPPLES & LEON COMPANY 



Copyright, 1913, by 
WORLD SYNDICATE COMPANY 



y^/^'v 



INDEX TO FULL PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS 

COLORED PLATES. 
Standard Breeds of Cattle 

Characteristic Forms and Markings of 
American Birds' Eggs 

North American Food and Game Fishes 

Flags of All Nations 

Tropical Fruits 

Principal Types of Mankind 

Map of the United States 

Map of the World 

Standard Breeds of Poultry 

Silkworms 

Statistical Charts 

Areas of the Earth. Character of Land of the Earth. 
Principal Religions of the World. Principal Religious 
Sects of the United States. 

Precious Stones in their Natural State ** " 764- 

Army Uniforms of the Leading Nations 

of the World '* ' 83i 

BLACK AND WHITE PLATES 

The new United States Battleship 

"Delaware" Facing Pag& 344- 

Leading Types of Biplanes '* " 647 

Birds " " 376 

Modern Building Construction 

(New York Municipal Building) " " 725 



icin^ 


Z Page 170 






296 






328 






344 






360 






646 






518 






518 






614 






724 






519 



Butterflies and Moths Fac 


ing Page 202 


New Cannon for Attacking Airships 


'' 834 


Curious Costumes and Head-Dresses 


" 658 


A Cotton Picking Machine 


" 170 


New Grand Central Depot— New York 


" 361 


Leading Types of Dirigible Balloons 


" 765 


Familiar Types of Dogs 


" 203 


Wild Flowers 


" 801 


Domestic Fowl 


" 377 


Gasoline Harvesting Engine 


'' 171 


One of the Largest Locomotives in the 
World 


" 615 


Leading Types of Monoplanes 


" 646 


New White Star Liner "Olympic" 


" 345 


At Work on the Panama Canal * 


" 614 


Double Octuple or Eight - Roll 

Newspaper Press * 


" 297 


United States Seals ' 


" 124 


Shells 


" 800 


Athletic and Outdoor Sports * 


" 659 


The Woolworth Building — The 

Largest in the World ' 


. c. ^29 



I 



PREFACE 



I 



I HIS work is specially designed to meet the popular demand 
for a convenient, complete, and reliable dictionary. The 
orthography and pronunciation in this work correspond with the 
rules laid down by Noah Webster. 

It contains all the words of the English language that are not 
peculiarly appropriate to a dictionary of technial terms. 

It gives the speUing and pronunciation of plurals, and indicates 
the use of capitals and small letters in writing every word in the 
vocabulary. 

The past tense and the participles of verbs are given wherever 
not regularly formed, as by the addition of -d, -ed, and -ing. 

The words in the vocabulary are arranged in strictly alphabeti- 
cal order, making quick reference easy, and the size of the type is 
sufficiently large to render close and tiresome scrutiny unnecessary. 

The pronunciation of each word is plainly indicated by phonetic 
speUing. 

The definitions, while concise, are sufficiently comprehensive to 
embrace all the recent distinctions and meanings, and are accurate 
and reliable in every respect. 

Believing that the demand for a convenient, complete, and 
reliable up-to-date American dictionary has been met by the con- 
struction of the present handy volume, it is confidently hoped by 
the publishers that the work will meet with a popular reception at 
the hands of the public. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 



Afpkkbix, (Treasury of Facts) , . , 

Abbreviations of the Parts of Speedi, . • 

Christian Names of Men, . . • • 

Christian Names of Women, . • 

Constitution of the United States of America^ • 
Decisive Battles ..... 
Declaration of Independence, . • • 

Dictionary of the English Language, • • 

Dictionary of Commercial and Legal TeriBSy • 

Electoral Vote in 1908, . . . • 

Facts About the Earth, . . . • 

Familiar Allusions, . . » • 

Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose . • 

Foreign Words, Phrases, Proverbs, Quotations, etC^ 
Key to Pronunciation, . . . • . 

Language of the Flowers, • . • . 

Metric System of Weights and Measures, . 
Origia, Composition, and Derivation of the English 
Presidents of the United States, 
States, Names of, their Origin and Meanings • 
Synonyms and Antonyms, . . • • 

Time Difference, . . . . • 

U. S. Census, 1910, ..... 
Value of Foreign Coins in U. S. Money, . 
Weather Forecasts, ..... 



Abbreviations of the Parts of Speech 

AND THEIR GRAMMATICAL SIGNIFICATIONS 



The words that constitute our language are classified under 
eight different heads, called "parts of speech" ; and, independently 
of the articles a, an, and the, consist of the NOUN, the ADJEC- 
TIVE, the PRONOUN, the VERB, the ADVERB, the 
PREPOSITION, the CONJUNCTION, and the INTERJEC- 
TION ; and each word in the Dictionary is referred to one or 
other of these categories according to the functions, thus : — 

n. representing noun or substantive. adv. representing adverb, 

adjo " adjective. prep. " preposition. 

pron. " pronoun. conj. " conjunction. 

Vc " verb. interj. " interjection. 

As the four first parts of speech vary in inflection or other 
wise, these changes are indicated thus : — 

V. t representing verb-transitive. 

V, i. ** verb-neuter or intransitive. 

p. adj. " participial-adjective. 

p. p. " past participle. 

p. pr. " . present participle. 

p. t ** past tense. 

To one or other of the above Parts of Speech each of the 
many thousand words of which our language is composed belongs, 
and the same word may belong to this or that division according 
to its function in a sentence. Thus, a word is a Noun or Sub- 
stantive when it names a thing, whether that be a substance or 
an abstraction, being called a noun as naming, and a substantive 
as capable of qualification. An Adjective (from the Latin ad- 
jectum) is a word "added to" a substantive to qualify it in some 
way, and in general at once amplify its meaning and limit its 
application. A Pronoun (from tte ^ ^tm pro nomine) is 2i v^ord 



Abbreviation of the Parts of Speech 



used "in place of a noun" to avoid its repitition, as well as to 
indicate certain rhetorical relations or logical connections. The 
Verb (from the Latin verbum) is ''the word" of a sentence, and 
that which makes the assertion, as well as asks a question or 
expresses a command, and is here called active when it is transi- 
tive, and neuter (i.e.y neither active nor passive) when it is not. 
An Adverb (from the Latin ad verbum) is a word properly append- 
ed "to a verb" to express some modifying circumstance of place, 
time, manner or cause regarding it, but is also used to qualify 
attributive words like adjectives as well as verbs. The Prepo- 
sition (from the Latin prcepositum) is a word ''placed before" a 
noun or pronoun to show its relation to some other word in the 
sentence, and was originally expressive, for most part, of place- 
relation. The Conjunction (from the Latin conjunctio) is a word 
used to "join together" sentences or clauses of sentences, and to 
indicate the relation in which these stand to each other. The 
Interjection (from the Latin interjectum) is an abrupt exclama- 
tion "thrown between" the words of a sentence to express some 
related emotion on the part of the speaker, On referring to the 
Dictionary, the student will find many words which are of differ- 
ent parts of speech, and verbs which are both active and neuter, 
according to the senses in which they are used ; but these are all 
clearly distinguished, and the definitions given accordingly. 



ON THE 

Origin^ Composition^ and Derivation 

OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE 



I 
I 



The English Language, which is now spoken over a large 
section of the globe, and by upwards of two hundred millions erf 
its inhabitants, was originally formed from one imported into 
England by various small tribes from the north of Germany, who 
settled in it in the fifth and sixth centuries of the Christian era, 
the principal of which were the Jutes, the Saxons, and the Angles. 
These, on invading the country, gradually drove the greater 
number of the aboriginal inhabitants, who were of the Celtic race, 
westward, and into the mountainous parts of Wales, where their 
descendants are now located, and where their language is still 
spoken. Soon after these settlers arrived, the southern part of 
Britain was, after the chief tribe, called Angleland — i,e», land of 
the Angles — or England; and the language which they spoke, 
formed from the amalgamation of their several dialects, was 
called Anglo-Saxon. This is a branch of the Teutonic group, 
and claims kinship therefore with the Indo-European family of 
languages, of which the Teutonic is a member. 

At the present time we find four groups of languages spoken 
in Europe, viz., the Celtic, the Latin, the Sclavonic, and the Teu- 
tonic. The Celtic languages are Welsh, spoken in Wales, Gaelic 
in the Highlands of Scotland, Erse in Ireland, Manx in the Isle of 
Man, and Breton in Brittany. The Latin language is, with various 



Origin, Composition, and Derivation 



modifications, spoken by the Italians, the Spaniards, the French, 
and the Portuguese. The Sclavonic is spoken by the inhabitants 
of Russia, Poland, Croatia, and some parts of the Austrian Empire. 
The other inhabitants of Europe speak the Gothic languages, 
which are now generally called Teutonic. To the Teutonic belong 
the German, the Dutch, the Flemish, the Danish, Swedish, and 
Norwegian, and with these accordingly the English stands in 
close affinity. 

The majority of words in the English language, as now spoken, 
and all the properly English ones, are from the Anglo-Saxon, and 
include the more common, homely, and familiar words ; as, eome, 
go, can, will, good, see, hear, above, home, bad. The others are, 
directly or indirectly, mostly from the Latin or the language of 
the ancient Romans, while the rest are from the Celtic, French, 
German, and Scandinavian languages, along with the Greek, which 
supplies the language with nearly all its scientific terms. Latin 
words were introduced partly by the Romans themselves, but 
mainly by the clergy of the Romish Church after Christianity was 
established, and by learned men after the revival of the study of 
the ancient languages in the 15th and i6th centuries. French 
words were added by the Normans after the Conquest, and relate 
to feudalism, law, the church, the chase, and cuisine. The intro- 
duction of Greek words connects itself with the rise and extension 
of scientific discovery. About the beginning of the 17th century, 
in the reign of James L, our language had already begun to assume 
the form in which we now find it, and is from that date entitled 
to be called the English language. 

From the time when the Bible was translated into English, 
and, by being printed, s pread among the people ; when the Book 
of Common Prayer was compiled, and, along with the Bible, read to 



Origin, Composition, and Derivation 



the people in churches ; and when great writers, such as Spenser, 
Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, Bacon, and Milton, began to publish 
their immortal works in the every-day speech of the country, the 
language may be said to have become fixed ; for, although numerous 
Greek and Latin words have been introduced since then to supply 
new terms required by the rapid extension of the arts and sciences, 
the language itself has, in its genius and form, undergone no 
material change. It is, in all essential particulars, the same as 
when it first took shape in the days of Queen Elizabeth, and her 
successor, James. 

There are four periods in the history of the English language: 
(i.) The Anglo-Saxon, or old EngHsh, from 450 to iioo, when the 
vocabulary was Saxon and the words were largely inflected ; (2.) 
The Early English, from iioo to 1250, when French words began 
to appear and inflections to disappear or become confused ; (3.) 
The Middle English, from 1250 to 1485, when inflections in many 
cases disappear altogether, and French, which had been intro- 
duced, began to yield to it ; (4.) The Modem English, from 1485 
to the present time. 



Key to Pronunqation. 



a as in fade, aid, ate, sale, in<2de. 

a " f^i^ther, calm, half, farm., arm, 

a " ask, dance, gr^^sp, last, grant. 

a " hat, had, ran, sh(5^11, p<a^rrot. 

aw " awh fall, walk, war, aught, fought 

e " m^te, we, see, n^ar, f^^t, n^^d. 

e " h^r, saathor, hird, yerge, ermine. 

e " m^t, in^n, m^rry, kitchen, b^rrj. 

I " m^te, mine, light, time. 

i " fit, pm, division, hishoip, Kttle. 

5 " home, load, snow, grow, note. 

5 " form, cord, orh, abh<9r, cr6>ss. 

o " not, torrid, slot, odd, bodkin, 

oo " moon, fool, stool, school. 

00 " book, woman, wolf, wool, foot. 

U " m.'wte, -wnion, i^nit, P'^^ny, f'i^tile. 

II " hut, drum, dull, ci^rrent. 
oi " oil, join, oyster. 

ou " hoi^se, o'i^t, hownd. 

ch " chnrch, mucA, matoA. 

g " ^ood, ^ive, dig, d2.gger. 

kh " astraMan, Man, Medive. 

ng " '^ing, tongne, spring, hang, 

ih " thine, those, hresithe. 

th " thin, worth, sympa^^Ay. 

sh " .^Aall, pu^A, ^Aoot, fa^Aion. 




A a (a or a), indef. art. (contraction 
of an), one; any. used before words 
beginning with a consonant or the 
sound of h. 

abaca (ab'a-ka), n. manila hemp. 

abacist (ab'a-sist), n. a calculator; 
accountant. 

aback (a-bak'), adv. backward; 
pressed back against the mast : said 
of sails ; by surprise. 

abacus (ab'a-kus), n. a contrivance 
of beads or balls strung upon rods 
or wires : used for arithmetical com- 
putation ; the slab crowning a col- 
umn or pillar. 

abaft (a-baft'), adv. & prep, at, to- 
wards, or in the direction of the 
stern of a ship ; astern. 

abaiser (a-ba'ser), n. bone black. 

abaloue (ab-a-lo'ne), n. a gastropod 
having an ear-shaped shell. 

abandon, (a-ban'dun), v.t. to give 
up ; desert or forsake utterly ; give 
up all claim to ; yield one's self : n. 
unrestraint ; freedom of manner. 

abandoned (a-ban'dund), adj. given 
up entirely ; shamelessly profligate. 

abandonment (a-ban'dun-ment), n. 
the act of abandoning ; the state of 
being abandoned; freedom from re- 
straint. 

a-bas (a-ba'), [French] down with. 

abase (a-bas'), v.t. to humble or de- 
grade ; debase morally ; dishonor. 

abasement (a-bas'ment), n. the act 
of abasing or humiliating. 

abash, (a-bash'), v.t. to put to con- 
fusion ; confound or make ashamed 
by consciousness of guilt or error. 

abatable ( a-ba'ta-bl ) , adj. that may 
be abated. 



abate (a-bat'), v.t. to lessen; sup- 
press : v. i. to decrease ; moderate i 
subside. 

abatement (a-bat'ment), n. the act 
of abating ; the state of being abat- 
ed ; diminution ; the amount by 
which a sum or quantity is reduced, 

abatis, abattis (English ab'a-tis ; 
French (a-ba-te'), n. a barricade 
composed of felled trees with the 
branches pointing outward. 

abattoir (a-bat-twar'), n. a public 
slaughter-house. 

abb ( ab ) , n. the yarn of the warp ic 
weaving. 

abba (ab'a & ab'a), n. father; a title 
of a bishop in the Syriac, CoptiCs, 
and Ethiopic churches. 

abbacy (ab'a-si), n. the office and 
jurisdiction of an abbot. 

abbe (a-ba'), n. an ecclesiastic de 
voted to literature. 

abbess (ab'es), n. the lady-superiot 
of a convent or nunnery. 

abbey (ab'i), n. [pi. abbeys (-iz)], 
an establishment for religious devo- 
tees of either sex, renounced to celib« 
acy and seclusion from the world. 

abbot (ab'ut), n. the superior oi- 
head of an abbey. 

abbreviate (ab-bre'vi-at), v.t. to 
shorten, as by contraction of a word, 
or the omission of words in a sen- 
tence ; reduce a quantity to its low- 
est terms. 

abbreviation (ab-bre'vi-a'shun), w, 
the act of shortening or abbreviat- 
ing ; the state of being abbreviated ; 
the word, phrase, or title so con- 
tracted, as M.D. for Doctor of Medi 
I cine. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; booa- 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



Bbb 



10 



abi 



abbreviator (ab-bre'vi-a-ter), n. one 
who shortens or abbreviates. 

abbreviatory (ab-bre'vi-a-to-ri), adj. 
abbreviating or contracting. 

abbreviature (ab-bre'vi-a-tur), n. 
the sign, letter, or character used 
for contraction ; a compendium or 
abridgment. 

abdicant (ab'di-kant), adj. renounc- 
ing ; abdicating : n. one who re- 
nounces or abdicates. 

abdicate (ab'di-kat), v.t. renounce, 
give up, or withdraw from ; to re- 
linquish the crown in favor of a 
successor. 

abdication (ab-di-ka'shun), n. the 
act of relinquishment or resignation. 

abdicator (ab'di-ka-ter), n. one who 
abdicates or resigns. 

abdomen (ab'do-men), n. the belly; 
the cavity containing the digestive 
apparatus or viscera ; the posterior 
segment or third division of the body 
of an insect. 

abdominal (ab-dom'i-nal), adj. per- 
taining to the abdomen. 

abdominous (ab-dom'i-nus), adj. re- 
lating to the abdomen ; large-bellied. 

abduce (ab-dtis'), 'V.t. to draw away 
by persuasion or argument ; draw 
aside by an abductor muscle. 

abducent (ab-dii'sent), n. that which 
abducts : adj. pulling away from a 
common center. 

abduct (ab-dukt'), v.t. to carry ofEby 
stealth or force ; kidnap. 

abduction (ab-duk'shun), n. the act 
of abducting or kidnapping. 

abductor ( ab-duk'ter ) , n. one who, 
or that which, abducts ; a muscle 
moving certain parts from the axis 
of a limb. 

abeam (a-bem'), adv. at right angles 
to the keel of a ship. 

abecedarian (a-be-se-da'ri-an), or 
abecedary, adj. belonging to the 
alphabet : n. one teaching or learn- 
ing the alpliabet. 

abed (a-bed'), adv. in bed; to bed. 

aberrant (ab-er'ant), adj. departing 
from the usual path, type, or stand- 
ard. 

aberration (ab-er-ra'shun), n. the 
act of departing from the usual 
path, type, or standard ; mental de- 



rangement ; the unequal refraction 
of rays of light from a lens so that 
they do not converge to a single 
point. 

aberuncator (ab-e-rung'ka-ter), n. 
an instrument for weeding, and for 
pruning trees. 

abet (a-bef), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. abetted, 
p.pr. abetting], to encourage; to aid 
or assist in the performance of an 
act, usually to a criminal nature ; 
to incite, or instigate. 

abetment (a-bet'ment), n. the act of 
abetting or instigating to action or 
crime. 

abetter or abettor (a-bet'er), n. 
one who aids or abets in the com- 
mission of a crime ; one who pro- 
tects a criminal or assists him to 
escape from justice. 

abeyance (a-ba'ans), n. held or kept 
back ; held over ; a state of suspen- 
sion. 

abbor (ab-hor'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ab- 
horred, p.pr. abhorring], to hate, 
loathe, execrate, abominate ; be 
strongly averse to ; shrink or recoil 
from with horror, dread, or disgust. 

abborrence (ab-hor'rens), n. detes- 
tation ; extreme hatred ; that which 
excites a feeling of strong repug- 
nance. 

abhorrent (ab-hor 'rent), adj. detest- 
able, hateful, repulsive. 

abhorrer (al3-h6r'rer), n. one who 
abhors or detests. 

abhorring (ab-hor 'ring), n. the feel- 
ing of abhorrence ; the object of ab- 
horrence. 

abide (a-bid'), [p.t. & p.p. abode, 
p.pr. abiding], v.t. to await, endure, 
withstand, tolerate : v.i. to dwell, re- 
side, continue, stand firm. 

abider (a-bid'er), n. one who con- 
tinues or resides ; a resident. 

abiding (a-bl'ding), p.adj. remain- 
ing ; staying ; steadfast, in faith or 
in purpose. 

abigail (ab'i-gal), n. a waiting-maid, 
so called from Abigail, "thine hand- 
maid" (I Sam. XXV. 2-41). 

ability (a-bil'i-ti), w. power to per- 
form ; skill to achieve ; capability 
for carrying out ; capacity to devise, 
receive, retain, or make use of; 



tte, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon- 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then, 



abi 



11 



a1>( 



physical or moral strength ; talents 
or gifts, in a special or general de- 
gree ; wealth ; means. 

abintestate (ab-in-tes'tat), adj. suc- 
ceeding to the estate of a person 
dying without a wilL 

abiogenesis (ab-i-o-jen'e-sis), n. 
spontaneous generation. 

abiogenous (ab-i-oj'en-us)^ adj. re- 
suiting from spontaneous generation. 

abject (ab'jekt), adj. worthless; 
mean ; low ; despicable ; in a sunken 
or degraded condition. 

abjection (ab-jek'shun), n. the act 
of being cast down ; cast away ; deg- 
radation. 

abjuration (ab-jH-ra'shun), n. an 
oath of renunciation, as of allegi- 
ance ; the act of renouncing. 

abjure (ab-jur'), v.t. to renounce 
upon oath ; forswear allegiance to ; 
repudiate or recant. 

ablactation (ab-lak-ta'shun), n. the 
act of weaning a child from the 
breast. 

ablation (ab-la'shun), n. the act of 
removal or carrying away. 

ablatitious (ab-la-tish'us), adj. hav- 
ing the quality of carrying away. 

ablative (ab'la-tiv), n. one of the 
cases of Latin nouns, expressing 
chiefly separation and instrumental- 
ity. 

ablaze (a-blaz'), adv. or adj. on fire; 
well alight ; in a blaze ; eager ; in- 
flamed with desire ; resplendent. 

able (a'bl), adj. possessed of power, 
means, or ability ; qualified, compe* 
tent ; bodily or mentally strong ; 
legally authorized or entitled. 

able-bodied (bod'id), adj. possessed 
of physical strength ; capable or effi- 
cient for duty. 

ablegate (ab'le-gat), n. the envoy 
sent by the Pope with insignia, &c., 
to newly-appointed cardinals. 

abloom (a-bloom'), adv. & adj. in 
bloom. 

abluent (ab'lu-ent), adj. cleansing: 
n. that which cleanses ; a substance 
which purifies the blood. 

ablution (ab-lti'shun), n. a washing 
or cleansing of the body by water ; 
moral purification. 

ablutionary (ab-lu'shun-a-ri), adj. 
pertaining to cleansing. 



abnegate (ab'ne-gat), v.t. to refuse 
or deny to one's self. 

abnormal (ab-nor'mal), adj. irregu- 
lar; deformed; unnatural; depart 
ing from a type, standard, or rule , 
exceptional ; out of tlie common. 

abnormality ( ab-nor-mal'i-ti ) , n 
[pi. abnormalities (-tiz)], the state 
or condition of being abnormal oi 
irregular ; difference or departure 
from a regular type or rule. 

abnormally (-li), adv. in an abnor- 
mal manner. 

abnormity (ab-n5r'mi-ti), n. [ph 
abnormities (-tiz)], deformity; ir- 
regularity. 

aboard (a-bord'), adv. on or within 
a vessel : prep, into a ship, 

abode (a-bod'), n. a place of contin- 
ued residence ; a dwelling ; a hab- 
itation ; residence generally. 

abolish, (a-bol'ish), v.t. to efface; d© 
away with ; put an end to. 

abolition (ab-o-lish'un), n. the act 
of abolishing ; the state of being 
abolished ; the annulment or abro- 
gation of decrees, rites, customs, &Cc 

abolitionism (ab-6-lish'un-izm), Wa 
the doctrine or principles of those 
advocating the abolition of certain 
laws or customs, as the traffic im 
drink, slaves, &c. 

abolitionist (ab-o-lish'un-ist), n. 
one who is in favor of the repeal or 
abolition of some existing law or 
custom, as the slave trade or drink 
traffic. 

aboma (a-bo'ma), n. the name of a 
large species of boa or anaconda of 
tropical America. 

abominable (a-bom'i-na-bl), adjo 
hateful ; odious ; offensive ; uncleaUo 

abominate (a-bom'i-nat), v.t. to ab- 
hor ; regard with feelings of disgust 
or hatred. 

abomination (a-bom-i-na'shun), tio 
excessive hatred ; the act of abomi- 
nating ; the thing abominated ; de- 
filement ; pollution. 

aboriginal (ab-o-rij'i-nal), adj. orig- 
inal ; primitive ; existing from the 
beginning : n. the species of animals 
or plants presumed to have orig- 
inated within a given area. 

aborigines (ab-o-rij'i-nez), n.pl. the 
first or primitive inhabitants of a 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, rait ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut : think, then. 



B.ho 



12 



abs 



country ; the native or indigenous 
animals or plants of any geograph- 
ical area. 

abort (a-b6rt'), v.i. to miscarry in 
birth ; to remain undeveloped. 

aborted (a-bor'ted), p. adj. prema- 
turely born ; checked or arrested in 
development ; functionally imper- 
fect. 

.abortion (a-bor'shun), n. untimely 
birth ; miscarriage ; that which falls 
-short of maturity by arrest of de- 
velopment. 

abortionist (a-bor'shun-ist), n. one 
who is guilty of the crime of pro- 
curing a criminal abortion, or who 
ipduces abortion. 

abortive (a-bor'tiv), adj. born im- 
perfect ; arrested in development ; 
without issue or result. 

abound (a-bound'), v.i. to have in 
plenty or abundance ; to exist in 
great numbers or quantity (followed 
by in or with). 

about (a-bouf), adv. around; on 
every side ; circuitously ; near to ; 
intending ; prep, concerned in ; re- 
lating to. 

above (a-buv'), adv. in a higher 
place ; overhead ; in heaven ; before ; 
besides : prep, superior ; beyond ; in 
excess of. 

aboveboard (a-buv'bord) , adj. & adv. 
in open sight ; without trickery. 

abradant (ab-ra'dant), adj. having 
the property of rubbing away : n. 
substance employed for abrading or 
scouring. 

abrade (ab-rad'), v.t. to wear or rub 
away; to remove as by friction or 
abrasion ; to corrode, as by acids. 

abrasion (ab-ra'zhun), n. the act of 
wearing or rubbing away ; a chafe. 

$ibreast ( a-brest' ) , adv. side by side ; 
in line with ; opposite to ; at the 
same level. 

abridge (a-brij'), v.t. to curtail, 
shorten, condense, eptomize. 

abridgment (a-brij'ment), n. the 
state of being contracted or cur- 
tailed ; an epitome. 

abroacb (a-broch'), adv. & adj. let- 
ting out ; placed in position for 
yielding the contents. 

abroad (a-brawd'), adv. widely; ex- 



pansively; beyond the limits of 
house or country ; wide of the mark. 

abrogate (ab'ro-gat), v.t. to abolish, 
annul, or repeal by authority. 

abrogation (ab-ro-ga'shun), n. the 
act of abrogating ; the repeal or an- 
nulling of a law. 

abrogator (ab'ro-ga-ter), n. one who 
repeals by authority. 

abrupt (ab-rupf), adj. broken; ter- 
minating suddenly ; steep ; precip- 
itous ; rough ; unceremonious. 

abrupted (ab-rupt'ed), p.adj. broken 
off with suddenness ; torn off or 
asunder. 

abruption (ab-rup'shun), n. a sep- 
aration with violence ; a sudden or 
abrupt termination. 

abscess (ab'ses), n. [pi. abscesses 
(-ez)], a collection of morbid mat- 
ter or pus in the tissues of the body, 

abscission (ab-sizh'un), n. the act of 
severance ; the breaking off in a 
sentence, leaving the rest to be im- 
plied. 

abscond (ab-skond'), v.i. to flee or 
retire in haste from the place of 
one's residence or post of duty ; quit 
the country in secret. 

absence (ab'sens), n. the state of 
being absent ; the period of being 
absent. 

absent (ab'sent), adj. not present; 
away ; wanting ; regardless ; ab- 
stracted. 

absent (ab-sent'), v.t. to retire or 
keep away from. 

absentee (ab-sen-te'), n. one who is 
absent or absents himself purposely 
from home or duty. 

absenteeism (ab-sen-te'izm), n. the 
state or custom of living away from 
one's country or estate. 

absently (ab'sent-li), adv. in an ab- 
stracted manner. 

absintbe (English ab'sinth ; French 
ab-sangt'), n. wormwood; a bitter 
aromatic liqueur compounded of 
brandy and wormwood, largely drunk 
in France. 

absintbin (ab-sin'thin), n. the bitter 
principle of wormwood. 

absolute (ab'so-lut), adj. free as to 
condition ; perfect in itself ; unlim- 
ited in power ; fixed , irrevocable ; 



§te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



abs 



13 



abs 



despotic ; positive : n. the will or 
power of the Almighty. 

absolution (ab-so-lti'shun). n. the 
act of absolving from the conse- 
quences of sin. 

absolutism (ab'so-lti-tizm), n. the 
state of being absolute ; the principle 
or system of absolute government. 

absolutist (ab'so-ltit-ist), n. sl sup- 
porter or advocate of despotic or 
absolute government. 

absolutory (ab-soru-to-ri), adj. ab- 
solving ; capable of absolving. 

absolvatory (ab-sol'va-to-ri), adj. 
containing or conferring absolution ; 
having power to pardon or absolve. 

absolve (ab-solv'), v.t. to release or 
set free ; clear of crime or guilt ; to 
forgive or remit. 

absorb (ab-sorb'), v.t. to drink in; 
imbibe ; suck or swallow up ; en- 
gross or engage wholly. 

absorbability (ab-sSrb-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
the state or quality of being absorb- 
able. 

absorbable (ab-s6rb'a-bl), adj. capa- 
able of being absorbed. 

absorbency (ab-sorb'en-si), n. ca- 
pacity for absorbing. 

absorbent (ab-s6rb'ent), adj. ab- 
sorbing : n. the capacity for absorb- 
ing; anything which absorbs or 
takes in nutritive matter; a vessel 
in the body ; a substance capable of 
absorbing or withdrawing gases or 
moisture from the air. 

absorptiometer ( ab-s6rp-shi-om'e- 
ter), n. an instrument to show the 
amount of gas absorbed by a unit 
volume of a fluid. 

absorption (ab-s6rp'shun), n. the 
process or act of absorbing; the 
state of being absorbed ; entire oc- 
cupation of the mind. 

absorption-bands (-banz), n.pl. 
the dark bands in the spectrum, 
more or less wide, and not usually 
sharply defined. 

absorption- lines (-lins), n.pl. dark 
lines in the spectrum produced by 
the absorption of cool vapors 
through which the light has passed. 

absorptive (ab-s6rp'tiv), adj. having 
power or capacity for absorption. 



absorptivity (ab-s6rp-tiv'i-ti), w. the 
power of absorption. 

absquatulate (ab-skwot'u-lat), v.i. 
to abscond. 

abstain (ab-stan'), v.t. to forbear; 
refrain ; hold aloof ; keep away 
from. 

abstainer ( ab-stan'er ) , n. one who 
abstains, especially from intoxicants. 

abstemious (ab-ste'mi-us), adj, 
moderate and sparing in the use of 
food and drink ; non-indulgent. 

abstention (ab-sten'shun), n. the act 
of holding off or abstaining. 

abstentionist (ab-sten'shun-ist), n. 
one who favors or practices absten- 
tion. 

abstentious (ab-sten'shus), adj, 
characterized by abstention. 

abstergent (ab-ster'jent), adj. pos- 
sessing cleansing or purging proper- 
ties : n. that which cleanses or 
purges ; a detergent. 

abstersion (ab-ster-shun), n. the act 
of wiping clean ; the act of cleans- 
ing by the use of abstergents. 

abstersive (ab-ster'siv), adj. cleans- 
ing; of the nature or quality of an 
abstergent : n. that which cleanses 
or purifies. 

abstinence (ab'sti-nens), n. the act 
or practice of abstaining ; self- 
denial ; partial or total forbearance 
from the use of food or drink. 

abstinent (ab'sti-nent), adj. refrain- 
ing from over-indulgence, especially 
with regard to food and drink ; n. 
an abstainer. 

abstract (ab-strakt'), v.t. to take or 
draw away ; separate ; purloin or 
steal ; epitomize ; separate from and 
consider apart. 

abstract ( ab-strakt'), n. an epitome; 
a summary or abstract comprising 
the essence or principal parts of a 
larger work : adj. considered or con- 
ceived apart from its concrete or 
material nature, abstract noun, 
n. the name of a state or quality 
considered apart from the object to 
which it belongs. 

abstracted (ab-strakt'ed), p.adj. 
separated ; disjoined ; refined ; ab- 
struse ; mentally absent. 

abstraction (ab-strak'shun), n. the 
act of separating or drawing away; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



«ttt» 



14 



tJie state of being withdrawn or ab- 
stracted ; concentration of mind or 
attention. 

abstractional ( ab-strak'shun-al ) , 
adj. pertaining to abstraction. 

albstractionist ( ab-strak'shun-ist ) , 
n. one who deals witli abstractions ; 
an idealist ; a dreamer, 

abstractive (ab-strak'tiv), adj. hav- 
ing the quality or power of abstrac- 
tion. 

abstractly (ab'strakt-li) , adv. in an 
abstract manner. 

abstrabent (ab'stra-hent), adj. ab- 
stract ; eliminating from unessential 
or foreign elements. 

abstruse (ab-stroos'), adj. obscure; 
hidden ; difficult of comprehension ; 
profound. 

absurd (ab-serd'), adj. contrary to 
reason or sense ; ridiculous. 

absurdity (ab-serd'i-ti), n. ipl. ab- 
surdities, (-tiz)] the state of being 
absurd ; that which is absurd. 

abundance (a-bun'dans), n. in great 
plenty ; an over-flowing quantity ; 
affluence. 

abundant (a-bun'dant), adj. plenti- 
ful ; fully sufficient ; abounding. 

abuse (a-buz'), v.t. to use ill; treat 
i-tidely or wrongfully ; to defile or 
violate ; use violent or abusive lan- 
guage towards ; vituperate. 

abuse (a-bus'), n. ill-treatment; the 
excessive or injudicious use of any- 
thing ; insult ; violation. 

abusive (a-bti'siv), adj. practicing 
or containing abuse. 

abut (a-buf), v.i. Ip.t. & p.p. abut- 
ted, p.pr. abutting], to border upon; 
touch at one end; terminate, (tjsed 
with on, upon, against.) 

abutment ( a-but'ment ) , n. that 
which borders upon something else ; 
the solid structure which supports 
the extremity of a bridge or arch. 

abuzz (a-buz'), adv. filled with buzz- 
ing sounds. 

abysm (a-bizm'), n. an abyss, a gulf. 

abysmal (a-biz'mal), adj. pertaining 
to an abyss ; bottomless. 

abyss (a-bis'), n. a bottomless gulf; 
that which is unfathomable ; hell. 

acacia (a-ka-shi-a), n. a plant of the 
genus of same name. 



academic (ak-a-dem'ik), or aca- 
demical (-al), n. a college student 
or member of a university : adj. be- 
longing or appertaining to a college 
or university. 

academically (-li), adv. in an aca- 
demical manner ; after the fashion 
of an academy. 

academicals (ak-a-dem'i-kals), n.pl. 
the costume worn by graduates and 
undergraduates at a university or a 
college. 

academician (ak-a-de-mish'an), n, 
a member of an academy or society 
for promoting the arts, sciences, and 
literature. 

academy (a-kad'e-mi) , n. a private 
school or seminary for the teaching 
of the higher branches of education ; 
a school for instruction in special 
subjects ; an association or society 
of men eminent in literature, 
science, and art ; a building devoted 
to academic purposes. 

acanthus (a-kan'thus), n. a plant 
having sharp-toothed leaves ; orna- 
mentation adopted in the capitals of 
the Corinthian and Composite 
orders, and resembling the foliage of 
the acanthus. 

accede (ak-sed'), v.i. to come or at- 
tain to ; to agree or yield to. 

accelerate (ak-sel'er-at), v.t. to 
hasten ; to cause to move or pro- 
gress faster ; quicken the speed of ; 
bring nearer in time. 

acceleration (ak-sel-er-a'shun), n. 
the act of accelerating ; the state of 
being accelerated. 

accelerative (ak-sel'er-a-tiv), adj, 
hastening ; tending to increase ve- 
locity. 

accelerator (ak-sel'er-a-ter), n. that 
which quickens or accelerates ; any 
method in photography by which a 
sensitized or chemical plate is ex- 
posed for a less time to the light. 

acceleratory ( ak-serer-a-to-ri ) , adj. 
accelerating or tending to accelerate. 

accent (ak'sent), n. the stress laid by 
the voice upon a particular syl- 
lable of a word, so as to ren- 
der it more prominent than the 
rest ; the mark or character used in 
writing and printing to express the 
manner of pronouncing of a word ; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me. merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, but ; think, then. 



15 



a peculiarity of utterance or ex- 
pression distinguishing the language 
of different parts or districts of the 
same or a foreign county ; the em- 
phasis placed upon certain notes of 
a bar of music : v.t. to express the 
accent, or denote the vocal division 
of a word by stress or modulation 
of the voice ; to pronounce ; mark or 
accent a word in writing by use of 
a sign ; dwell upon or emphasize, as 
a passage of music, 

accentual (ak-sen'tti-al), adj. be- 
longing to accent ; rhythmical. 

accentuate (ak-sen'tti-at), v.t. to 
speak ; pronounce or mark with an 
accent ; give prominence to in speak- 
ing or writing ; lay stress upon. 

accentuation (ak-sen-tu-a'shun), n. 
the act of accentuating by stress or 
accent; the act of speaking (or 
writing) with emphasis or distinc- 
tion. 

accept (ak-sept'), v.t. to take or re- 
ceive with approbation ; entertain ; 
agree to, or acquiesce in ; under- 
stand or receive in a particular 
sense ; to agree or promise to pay. 

acceptable (ak-sep'ta-bl), adj. capa- 
able of giving pleasure or gratifica- 
tion. 

acceptability (ak-sep'ta-bil'i-ti), or 
acceptableness (ak-sep'ta-bl-nes) , 
n. the quality of being acceptable 
or agreeable. 

acceptance (ak-sep'tans), n. the act 
of accepting ; the fact of being ac- 
cepted, or received with approba- 
tion ; the subscription to a bill of 
exchange ; the bill accepted or the 
sum contained in it. 

acceptation (ak-sep-ta'shun), n. the 
act of accepting, or state of being 
accepted or acceptable ; the meaning 
or sense of a word or statement in 
which it is to be understood. 

accepter or acceptor (ak-sep'ter), 
n. one who accepts ; the person who 
accepts a bill of exchange. 

access (ak'ses), n. admittance or ap- 
proach to a person or place ; means 
of approach or admission ; addition 
or increase ; the recurrence or fits 
of paroxysms in diseases. 

accessary. See accessory. 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, tliQU, 



accessibility ( ak-ses-i-bil'i-ti ) , «, 
the condition of being accessible. 

accessible (ak-ses'i-bl), adj. capable 
of being approached ; easy of access ; 
attainable. 

accession (ak-sesh'un), n. a coming 
to, as by succession or by right; 
entrance or attainment ; the act of 
acceding by assent or agreement ; in- 
crease or augmentation ; the acquire- 
ment of property by improvement, 
growth, or labor expended ; the at- 
tack or commencement of a disease. 

accessional ( ak-sesh'uh-al ) , adj. ad- 
ditional ; pertaining to an accession. 

accessorial (ak-ses-o'ri-al), adj. per- 
taining to an accessory, as acces- 
sorial guilt or agency. 

accessory (ak-ses'o-ri), [pi. acces- 
sories (-riz)], adj. aiding; contrib- 
uting to some result or effect : n. 
one who aids in the commission of 
a felony ; an accomplice ; that which 
is in the nature of an appendage. 

accidence (ak'si-dens), n. the por- 
tion of grammar which deals with 
the inflections of words ; a book 
containing the rudiments of gram- 
mar ; the rudiments themselves. 

accident (ak'si-dent), n. an event 
which is unexpected, or the cause of 
which was unforeseen ; a contingen- 
cy, casualty, or mishap ; a property 
of a thing which is not essential 
to it. 

accidental (ak-si-den'tal), adj. hap- 
pening by chance or unexpectedly ; 
fortuitous ; non-essential ; connected 
with, but not necessarily belonging 
to : n. that which happens unex- 
pectedly ; an adjunct, or non-essen- 
tial part or quality ; a sharp, flat, or 
natural introduced into a piece of 
music to lower or raise the note be- 
fore which it is placed. 

accidentally (-li), adv. in an acci- 
dental manner. 

acclaim (ak-klam'), v.i. to shout ap- 
plause : n. a shout of joy or praise : 
acclamation. 

acclamation (ak-kla-ma'shun), n. a 
shout of applause, or other demon- 
stration of hearty approval ; an out- 
burst of joy, or praise ; the adop- 
tion of a resolution viva voce; a 
mode of papal election. 



ace 



16 



gicciamatoi'y (ak-klam'a-to-ri), adj. 
exi»re3«ing joy or applause by ac- 
clamation. 

acclimate (ak-feirmat), ■t':v, to accus- 
tom a pc.rion to a foreign climate. 

acclimation (ak-kli-ma'shun), n. the 
process of acclimatizing, or the state 
of being inured to a foreign climate ; 
acclimatization. 

acclimatize (ak-kli'ma-tiz), v.t. & 
v.i. to accustom or become accus- 
tomed to a foreign climate ; said of 
plants or animals. 

acclivity (ak-kliv'i-ti), n, [pi. ac- 
clivities (-tiz)], an ascent or up- 
ward slope of the earth ; the talus 
of a rampart. 

acclivous (ak-kli'vus), adj. rising, as 
a slope ; uphill. 

accolated (ak'ko-la-ted), p.adj. con- 
taining two or more profile heads, 
so arranged that one partially over- 
laps the next, as in the shilling of 
William III. and Mary. 

accommodate (ak-kom'mo-dat), v.t. 
to adapt or make fit or suitable ; ad- 
just, settle ; supply or furnish ; do a 
favor to ; lend money for the con- 
venience of a borrower : v.i. to be 
conformable to. 

accomm.o dating (ak-kom'mo-da- 
ting), p.adj. obliging; of a yielding 
disposition ; adapting one's self to 
the desires of others. 

accommodation (ak-kom-mo-da'- 
shun) , n. the act of accommodating ; 
or the state of being accommodated ; 
that which supplies a want or de- 
sire. 

accommodation-bill (-bil), n. a 
bill or note endorsed by one or more 
parties to enable the drawer to 
raise money upon it. 

accommodation-ladder (-lad'er), 
n. a ladder or stairway suspended at 
the gangway of a ship. 

accommodative (ak-kom'mo-da-tiv) , 
adj. disposed or tending to accom- 
modate. 

accompaniment (ak-kum'pa-ni- 

ment), n. something which is added 
to, or attends the original or princi- 
pal thing by way of ornament, or 
for the sake of symmetry. 

accompanist (ak-kum'pa-nist), n. 
one who plays an accompaniment. 



accompany (ak-kum'pa-ni), v.t. to 
keep company with ; escort ; join in 
movement or action ; perform the 
accompaniment in a composition for 
voice and instrument. 

accomplice (ak-kom'plis), n. an as- 
sociate or companion in crime. 

accomplisli (ak-kom'plish), v.t. to 
bring to completion, or to an issue ; 
fulfill ; attain as the result of exer- 
tion. 

accomplished (ak-kom'plisht), p. 
adj. finished ; perfected ; possessed 
of social qualifications. 

accomplishment (ak-kom'plish- 

ment), n. the completion of an act 
or undertaking ; fulfillment ; an ac- 
quirement or qualification in art or 
manners. 

accomptant. See accountant. 

accord (ak-kord'), v.t. & v.i. to be in 
agreement with ; reconcile ; agree ; 
give ; grant ; concede ; to adjust or 
bring to agreement ; to be in corre- 
spondence or harmony ; agree in 
pitch and tone : n. agreement ; uni- 
son ; concurrence of will or opinion ; 
harmony. 

accordance (ak-kord'ans), n. the 
state of being in harmony or accord. 

accordant (ak-kord'ant ),«(?;. corre- 
sponding ; of the same mind. 

according (ak-kord'ing), p.adj. 
agreeing, harmonious : adv. in ac- 
cordance (with) or agreeably (to). 

accordion (ak-kord'i-un), n. a small 
wind instrument, having keys and 
metallic reeds, and worked by means 
of a bellows, after the fashion of a 
concertina. 

accost (ak-kosf), v.t. to draw near, 
or come face to face with ; speak 
to ; salute : n. the act of accosting ; 
manner. 

accoucliement (ak-koosh'mong), n. 
delivery in child-bed ; parturition ; a 
lying-in. 

accouclieur (ak-koosh-er'), n. a 
medical man who attends confine- 
ment cases. 

account (ak-kounf), v.t. to reckon 
or hold to be ; compute ; count : v.i. 
to assign an explanation [with for] ; 
take into consideration ; relate : n. 
a reckoning ; a financial statement 
or memorandum ; a narrative ; any- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; mg, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not;^ booDo 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ace 



17 



thing in the form of a statement, 
written or verbal ; reason or con- 
sideration ; profit ; advantage ; esti- 
mation ; consequence ; importance. " 

account- current (-kur'ent), n. the 
statement of account between two 
or more persons, drawn out in the 
form of debtor and creditor. 

accountability (ak-kount-a-bil'i-ti) , 
n. the state of being liable or ac- 
countable. 

accountable ( ak-kount'a-bl ) , adj. 
answerable ; responsible ; liable to 
be called to account. 

accountably (-bli), adv. in an ac- 
countable manner. 

accountancy (ak-koun'tan-si), n. the 
art or practice of an accountant. 

accountant (ak-koun'tant), n. one 
skilled in the keeping or examina- 
tion of accounts : adj. giving ac- 
count ; responsible. 

accoutre (ak-koo'ter), v.t. to dress; 
equip ; to array in military dress ; 
furnish with accoutrements. 

accoutrements (ak-k5o'ter-ments) , 
n.pl. equipage ; dress ; military 
equipments. 

accredit (ak-kred'it), v.t. to give 
credit to ; have confidence in ; 
authorize ; stamp with authority ; to 
believe and accept as true. 

accrescent (ak-kres'sent), adj. in- 
creasing ; growing. 

accrete (ak-kref), 'v.i. to adhere; be 
added: v.t. to cause to grow or 
unite. 

accretion (ak-kre'shun), n. increase 
by natural growth ; the addition of 
external parts ; the growing together 
of parts or members naturally sepa- 
rate. 

accretive (ak-kre'tiv), adj. adding 
to or increasing by growth. 

accroacbment (ak-kroch'ment),_ n. 
the act of accroaching ; usurpation. 

accrue (ak-kro6), v.i. to come to hap- 
pen or result to naturally as an 
increment, as of profit or loss. 

accruement (ak-kroo'ment), n. an 
addition or increment. 

accruer (ak-kroo'er), n. the act of 
accretion. 

accumbent (ak-kum'bent), adj. re- 
clining or recumbent. 



accumulate (ak-ku'mti-lat), v.t. to 
collect or bring together; amass; 
heap up : v.i. to increase in size, 
number, or quantity. 

accumulation ( ak-ku-mu-la'shun ) , 
n. the act of accumulating or amass- 
ing ; the addition of interest to. 
principal ; the mass accumulated. 

accumulative ( ak-ku'mu.-la-tiv) , 

adj. tending to accumulate. 

accumulative juagment (-juj'- 
ment), n. a second judgment which 
takes effect against a person after 
the first sentence has expired. 

accumulator (ak-kti'mu-la-ter), n. 
one who, or that which, accumu- 
lates ; an apparatus for equalizing 
pressure ; an electric storage bat- 
tery. 

accuracy ( ak'kH-ra-si ) , n. the qual- 
ity of being accurate; exactness or 
correctness. 

accurate (ak'ku-rat), adj. in exact 
conformity with the truth; free 
from error ; precise. 

accursed (a-ker'sed), or accurst 
(a-kerst'), p.adj. under or subject to 
a curse ; doomed to destruction ; de- 
testable ; execrable. 

accusable ( ak-kuz'a-bl ) , adj. liable 
to be censured or accused. 

accusation (ak-kti-za'shun), n. a 
charge or imputation of wrong- 
doing ; the act of accusing or imput- 
ing. 

accusatival (ak-ku-za-ti'val), adj. 
pertaining to the accusative case. 

accusative (ak-ku'za-tiv), adj. ac- 
cusing : n. the objective case, denot- 
ing the otject of the verb. 

accusatory (ak-ku'za-to-ri), or ac- 
cusatorial (ak-ku-za-to'ri-al), adj. 
accusing, or containing an accusa- 
tion. 

accusatorially (-li), adv. in an ac- 
cusatorial manner. 

accuse (ak-kuz'), v.t. to charge with 
guilt or blame; make or bring an 
imputation against. 

accuser (ak-kuz'er), n. one who ac- 
cuses ; one who formally charges an 
offense against another. 

accustom (ak-kus'tum), v.t. to habit- 
ituate or familiarize by custom or 
use. 



te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, them 



18 



accustomed ( ak-kus'tumd ) , p. adj. 
frequent ; usual ; often practiced. 

ace (as), n. [pi. aces (-ez)], a unit; 
in playing cards and dice, a card 
or die marked with a single pip ; a 
very small quantity. 

ace-point (-'point), the single mark 
of the ace-card and of the die 
marked with one spot. 

acedia (a-se'di-a), n. an abnormal 
condition of the mind, characterized 
by lassitude, listlessness, and general 
indifference. 

acentric ( a-sen'trik ) , adj. away from 
the center ; having no center. 

Acephala (a-sef'a-la), n.pl. a term 
applied to all ordinary bivalves, as 
the oyster, having no distinct head. 

acephalous (a-sef'a-lus), adj. head- 
less ; without a leader ; an ovary of 
a plant that has its style springing 
from the base instead of the apex. 

acerbity (a-ser'bi-ti), n. [pi. acerbi- 
ties (-tiz)], sourness; sharpness; 
harshness or severity of temper or 
expression. 

acetanilide (as-et-an'i-lid), w. a pun- 
gent white powder, formed by the 
action of acetyl chloride on aniline : 
used in medicine as an antipyretic. 

acetate (as'e-tat), n. a salt of acetic 
acid. 

acetated (as'e-ta-ted), p.adj. com- 
bined with acetic acid. 

acetation. See acetification. 

acetic acid (a-se'tik & a-set'ik as'id) , 
n. _ a clear liquid, with a strong 
acid taste and peculiar sharp smell. 
It is present in a dilute form in 
vinegar. 

acetification (a-set-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
the act or process of acetifying or 
becoming acetous ; the preparation 
of vinegar. 

acetify (a-set'i-fi), v. t, [p.t. & p.p. 
acetified, p.pr, acetifying], to turn 
into vinegar ; make acetous. 

acetimeter (as-e-tim'e-ter), n. an 
instrument for gauging the strength 
or purity of vinegar or acetic acid. 

acetin (as'e-tin), n. a combination of 
acetic acid with glycerine. 

acetone (as'e-ton), n. a clear volatile 
liquid, composed of carbon, hydro- 
gen, and oxygen. 



acetose (as'e-tos), or acetous (as'e 
tus ) , adj. of the nature of vinegar j 
' sour ; causing acetification. 

acetylene (a-set'i-len), n. a brilliant 
illuminating gas, produced by sub- 
jecting calcium-carbide to the action 
of water. 

aclie (ak), n. pain, more or less con- 
tinuous : v.i. to suffer, or be in pain. 

achievable (a-che'va-bl), adj. possi- 
ble to achieve ; capable of being per- 
formed. 

achieve (a-chev), v.t. to perform, 
carry out, accomplish ; to gain or 
bring to a successful issue by an ef- 
fort : v.i. to bring about a desired 
result. 

achievement (a-chev'ment), n. the 
act of achieving ; accomplishment ; 
that which is achieved or accom- 
plished ; an escutcheon or armorial 
shield, also called a hatchment. 

achilles-tendon ( a-kil'ez-ten'dun) , 
the powerful tendon placed in, and 
moving, the heel. 

aching (a'king), p.adj. enduring or 
causing pain ; painful : adv. with 
aching ; painfully. 

achromatic (ak-ro-mat'ik), adj. free 
from coloration ; transmitting light 
without decomposition. 

achromatic-lens (-lenz), a lens free 
from chromatic aberration. 

achromatically (-al-li), adv. in an 
achromatic manner^ 

achromatize (ak-ro'ma-tiz), v.t. to 
deprive of the power of transmitting 
color : to render achromatic. 

achromatous (ak-ro'ma-tus), adj. 
without color. 

acid (as'id), adj. sour and sharp or 
biting to the taste, as vinegar : n. 
anything sour ; the name applied to 
a large number of compounds con- 
taining one or more atoms of hydro- 
gen which may be displaced by a 
metal. 

acidic (a-sid'ik), adj. containing a 
large proportion of the acid element ; 
opposed to basic. 

acidiferous (as-i-dif'e-rus), at?;, pro- 
ducing or containing acids. 

acidific (as-i-dif'ik), adj. acidifying; 
producing acidity or an acid. 

acidification (a-sid-i-fi-ka'shun), n» 
the process of acidifying. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



aci 



19 



acq 



acidifier (a-sid'i-fi-er), w. a sub- 
stance having the property of im- 
parting an acid quality. 

acidify (a-sid'i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
acidified, p.pr. acidifying], to make 
acid ; convert into an acid ; sour ; 
embitter. 

acidity (a-sid'i-ti), n. the quality of 
being acid or sour. 

acidulate (a-sid'ti-lat), v.t. to render 
slightly acid. 

acidulent (a-sid'u-lent), adj. some- 
what acid ; tart ; peevish. 

acidulous (a-sid'u-lus), adj. slightly 
sour ; subacid. 

acierage ( as'i-er-aj ) , n. the term 
given to the process of electrically 
depositing iron on an engraved cop- 
per plate. 

aciform (as'i-form), adj. needle- 
shaped. 

acinaceons (as-i-na'shus), adj. con- 
sisting of or full of kernels, as the 
grape, mulberry, &c. 

acknowledge (ak-nol'ej), v.t. [p.t. 
& p.p. acknovt^ledged, p.pr. ac- 
knowledging], to admit or own to be 
true; recognize, confess; admit the 
receipt of. 

acknowledgment ( ak-nol'ej-ment ) , 
n. the act of acknowledging ; the ad- 
mission or recognition of a truth ; 
confession ; the expression of appre- 
ciation of' a favor or benefit con- 
ferred; a receipt. 

aclinic (a-klin'ik), adj. without in- 
clination. 

aclinic-line (-lin), n. the imaginary 
point near the equator where the 
magnetic needle has no dip. 

acme (ak'me), n. the highest point; 
the utmost reach ; the crisis of a 
disease. 

acne (ak'ne), n. a pustular eruption 
of the body, chiefly confined to the 
face, shoulders and chest. 

acock (a-kok'), adv. in a cocked or 
turned up manner. 

acock-bill (-bil), adv. with the ends 
directed upwards, as of an anchor 
or yards of a ship. 

acology (a-kol'o-ji), n. the science of 
remedies. 

acolyte (ak'6-lit), or acolytk (ak'o- 
lith & -lith), n. the highest of 
the minor orders in the Roman 



Catholic Church, ranking next be- 
low the subdeacon. 

aconite (ak'o-nit), n. the plant 
wolf's-bane or monk's-hood ; the 
drug prepared from the plant. 

aconitine (a-kon'i-tin & -tin), n. the 
narcotic drug prepared from the 
roots and leaves of several species of 
aconite, used as a remedy for neu- 
ralgia. 

acorn (a'korn), n. the fruit of the 
oak ; a conical piece of wood affixed 
to the spindle above a vane, to 
keep the vane from being blown off. 

acotyledon (a-kot-i-le'dun), n. a 
plant whose seeds (spores) are not 
furnished with cotyledons (seed- 
lobes). 

acotyledonous ( a-kot-i-led''un-us ) , 
adj. having no cotyledons or seed- 
lobes. 

acoumeter (a-kou'- & a-koo'me-ter)» 
n. an instrument to test the power of 
hearing, or sensibility to sound. 

acoustic (a-kous'- & a-koos'tik), adj. 
belonging to the science of sound : n. 
a remedy for deafness. 

acoustics (a-kous'- & a-koos'tiks), 
the science of sound; the study of 
the effects of sound upon the organ 
of hearing. 

acquaint (ak-kwanf), v.t. to famil- 
iarize or make one's self conversant 
with ; furnish information. 

acquaintance (ak-kwant'ans), n. 
the state of being acquainted with a 
person or subject ; personal knowl- 
edge less than friendship ; a person 
with whom one is acquainted. 

acquainted (ak-kwan'ted), p.adj. 
having personal knowledge; famil- 
iar, known (of or with). 

acquiesce (ak-kwi-es'), v.i. to agree; 
comply passively ; assent [followed 
usually by in]. 

acquiescence (ak-kwi-es'ens), n. the 
act of submitting ; silent assent ; 
neglect to take legal proceedings, so 
as to imply consent. 

acquiescent (ak-kwi-es'ent), adj. 
disposed to submit or yield tacitly ; 
resting satisfied. 

acquirable ( ak-kwir'a-bl ) , adj. ca- 
pable of being acquired. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



aca 



20 



act 



acquire (ak-kwir'), v.t. to gain or ob- 
tain possession of by one's own 
physical or intellectual exertions. 

acquirement (ak-kwir'ment), n. the 
act of acquiring; that which is 
acquired. 

acquisition (ak-kwi-zish'un), n. the 
act of acquiring; the object ac- 
quired. 

acquisitive (ak-kwiz'i-tiv), adj. hav- 
ing a propensity to acquire ; greedily 
disposed. 

acquisitiveness (-nes), n. the pro- 
pensity to acquire. 

acquit (ak-kwif), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
acquitted, p.pr. acquitting], to re- 
lease ; set free ; discharge ; to pro- 
nounce not guilty. 

acquittaiL (ak-kwit'al), n. the act of 
releasing or acquitting ; the state 
of being acquitted ; the judicial pro- 
nouncement of "not guilty." 

acquittance (ak-kwit'ans), n. a dis- 
charge or release from debt or other 
liability ; a receipt barring a further 
demand. 

acre (a'ker), n. a superficial measure 
of land containing, in Great 
Britain, the United States and the 
Colonies, 4,840 sq. yds. 

acreage (a'ker-aj), n. the number of 
acres in a tract of land. 

acred (a'kerd), adj. possessing acres 
or landed property. 

acrid (ak'rid), adj. sharp or biting to 
the taste ; pungent ; irritating ; 
stinging: n. an acrid or irritant 
poison. 

acridity (ak-rid'i-ti), n. the quality 
of being acrid. 

acrimonious ( ak-ri-mo'ni-us ) , adj. 
bitter ; caustic ; stinging. 

acrimony ( ak'ri-mo-ni ) , n. sharp- 
ness of temper ; bitterness of ex- 
pression, 

acrobat (ak'ro-bat), n.- a performer 
on the tight-rope ; one who practices 
tumbling, vaulting, trapezing, &c. 

acrobatism (ak'-ro-bat-izm), n. the 
performance of acrobatic feats; the 
profession of an acrobat. 

acrolitb (ak'ro-lith), n. a sculptured 
figure, the head and extremities of 
which are of stone and the rest of 
wood. 



acropolis (a-krop'o-lis), n. the high- 
est part or citadel of a Grecian 
city, as that of Athens, hence a cit- 
adel. 

across (a-kr6s'), adv. & prep, from 
side to side ; transversely ; adverse- 
ly ; athwart ; intersecting at an 
angle. 

acrostic (a-kros'tik), n. a composi- 
tion, usually in verse, in which the 
first or last letters of the lines, or 
other letters, taken in order, form 
a motto, phrase, name, or word. 

act (akt),w. an action; process of do- 
ing ; a decree, edict, or enactment ; 
the judgment of a court ; a formal 
writing ; one of the principal divi- 
sions of a drama ; a thesis main- 
tained by a candidate for a degree 
at a university : v.t. to do ; perform ; 
play, as on the stage ; set in motion : 
v.i. to exert force or energy. 

acting (akt'ing), p. adj. performing 
services, as those of an official. 

actinic (ak-tin'ik), adj. having the 
property of actinism. 

actinism (ak'tin-izm), n. that prop- 
erty of the sun's rays which pro- 
duces chemical action. 

actinium (ak-tin'i-um), n. a recent- 
ly discovered radio-active element. 

actinograpb. (ak-tin'o-graf), n. an 
instrument for measuring the varia- 
tion of the chemical rays of light. 

actinoid (ak-tin'oid), adj. having 
the form of rays ; resembling a star- 
fish. 

actinology (ak-ti-nol'o-ji), n. the 
science that treats of the chemical 
action of light. 

actinometer (ak-tin-om'et-er), n. 
an instrument for measuring the in- 
tensity of heat-rays. 

action (ak'shun), n. the state of be- 
ing active, as opposed to rest ; the 
effect of one body upon another 
(used in sing.) ; an act or thing done 
(used in pi.) ; a suit instituted by 
one party against another in a court 
of law; the gesture or deportment 
of a speaker; the performance of a 
function ; effective motion, as of ma- 
chinery ; the appearance of anima- 
tion, &c., given to figures; an en- 
gagement on sea or land, less 
important than a battle. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; booii| 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



act 



21 



ad4 



actionable (ak'shun-a-bl), adj. giv- 
ing grounds for an action at law. 

active (ak'tiv), adj. endowed with 
or exercising the power or quality of 
action ; constantly active ; the per- 
formance and not the continuance 
of an action; lively, moving freely; 
acting quickly. 

activity (ak-tiv'i-ti), n. [pi. activi- 
ties (-tiz)], energy; the state of 
action. 

actor (ak'ter), n. one who acts or 
performs ; a stage-player ; a proctor 
or advocate in civil causes. 

actress (ak'tres), n. a female actor. 

actual ( ak'tti-al ) , adj. real ; existing ; 
present. 

actuality (ak-tu-al'i-ti), n. ]_pl. actu- 
alities (-tiz)], the state of being 
real or actual ; that which is in full 
existence. / 

actualization (ak'tti-al-i-za'shun) , 
n. making actual. 

actualize (ak'tti-al-iz), v.t. to make 
actual. 

actually (ak'tti-al-li), adv. as an ex- 
isting fact. 

actuary (ak'tu-a-ri), n. [pZ. actuaries 
(-riz)], a registrar or clerk of a 
court ; one who is skilled in life as- 
surance and similar computations. 

actuate (ak'tti-at), v.t. to move or 
incite to action. 

actuation (ak-tu-a'shun), n. the 
state of being actuated or impelled. 

aculeate (a-kti'le-at), adj. equipped 
with a sting ; having aculei or sharp 
prickles : n. certain insects fur- 
nished with stings, as the bee. 

acumen (a-ku'men), n. quickness of 
perception ; penetration ; insight ; 
discrimination. 

acuminate (a-ku'min-at), adj. end- 
ing in a sharp point. 

acupress (ak'u-pres), v.t. to check 
hemorrhage by acupressure. 

acupressure (ak'u-presh'er), n. a 
method of checking hemorrhage in 
arteries during amputations by nee- 
dles or wire. 

acute ( a-ktit' ) , adj. sharp-pointed ; 
intellectually sharp ; quick of per- 
ception; severe, as pain or symp- 
toms attending a disease ; high in 
pitch ; shrill. 



adage (ad'aj), n. an ancient proverb, 
or pithy saying. 

adaru's ale (ad'amz al), n. water. 

adam's apple (ap-1), n. a lofty spe- 
cies of the banana ; the prominence' 
in front of the throat, especially 
conspicuous in males. 

adamant (ad'a-mant) , n. a substance 
of extreme hardness ; the dia- 
mond : adj. formed of adamant ; 
hard. 

adamantine (ad-a-man'tin), adj. 
made of adamant ; impenetrable. 

adapt (a-dapf), v.t. to make to cor- 
respond ; fit by alteration or adapta- 
tion. 

adaptability (a-dap-ta-bil'i-ti), n, 
the quality of being adaptable. 

adaptation (ad-ap-ta'shun), n. the 
act of adjusting or adapting ; the 
state of being adapted ; that which 
is adapted. 

add (ad), v.t. to join, unite, sum up; 
increase ; affix. 

addendum (ad-den'dum), n. [pi. ad- 
denda (-da)], an appendix. 

adder (ad'er), n. the popular name 
for the viper. 

addict (ad-dikt'), v.t. to devote or 
give one's self up to ; to practice 
sedulously (usually in a bad sense). 

addition (ad-dish'un), n. the act or 
process of adding together ; increase ; 
the result of addition ; the thing 
added ; the adding or uniting of two 
or more numbers in one sum ; a title 
added to a name, denoting rank, as 
esquire ; a dot placed at the side of 
a note to indicate the lengthening of 
the sound by one-half. 

additional (ad-dish'un-al), adj. add- 
ed ; supplementary. 

additionally (-li), adv. in addition 
to. 

additive (ad'di-tiv), adj. that may 
be, or is to be, added. 

addle ( ad'l ) , w. & adj. rotten, as eggB 
that are barren or putrid : v.t. 
to make corrupt or putrid, as eggs : 
v.i. to become addled. 

addle-beaded (adl-hed'ed), or ad- 
dle-pated (ad-1-pa'ted), adj. stu- 
pid ; weak-brained ; muddled. 

address (ad-dres'), v.t. to straighten; 
to bring into line ; to arrange, 
redress, as wrongs, &c. ; to direct ; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



^dd 



22 



adj 



speak or write to ; get ready ; con- 
sign : n. a speech delivered or writ- 
ten ; manners and bearing ; tact ; 
adroitness ; the attention of a lover. 

addressee ( ad-dres-e' ) , n. one who is 
addressed. 

adduce (ad-dtis'), v.t. to bring for- 
ward or cite in proof or substantia- 
tion of what is alleged. 

adducent (ad-du'sent), adj. bringing 
forward or together. 

adducible (ad-du'si-bl), adj. capable 
of being adduced. 

adductive (ad-duk'tiv), adj. bringing 
forward. 

adductor (ad-duk'ter), n. one who 
draws to. 

adductor muscles (mus'lz), n. pi. 
muscles which draw certain parts to 
a common center. 

adept (a-depf), adj. well skilled: n. 
one who is fully proficient or skilled 
in an art. 

adequacy (ad'e-kwa-si), n. sufficiency 
for a particular purpose. 

adequate (ad'e-kwat), adj. equal to 
requirement or occasion ; fully suffi- 
cient. 

adfected (ad-fek'ted), adj. com- 
pounded ; consisting of different 
powers of an unknown algebraic 
quantity. 

adhere (ad-her'), v.i. to stick fast; 
become firmly attached to. 

adherence (ad-her'ens), n. the actor 
state of adhering ; unwavering at- 
tachment. 

adherent (ad-her'ent), adj, adher- 
ing ; sticking : n. one who adheres ; 
a follower of a party or leader. 

adhesion (ad-he'zhun), n. the state 
or act of adhering. 

adhesive (ad-he'siv), adj. holding 
fast ; gummed for use ; sticky. 

adieu (a-dti'), n. [pi. adieus, adieux 
(a-duz')], a farewell; good wishes 
at parting : inter j. goodby ; fare- 
well. 

adit (ad'it), n. an entrance or pas- 
sage ; an entrance to a mine more 
or less horizontal. 

adjacency (ad-ja'sen-si), n. the 
state of being close or contiguous. 

adjacent (ad-ja'sent), adj, near; 
close to. 



adjectival (ad-jek-ti'val), atZ/. of the 
nature of an adjective. 

adjective (ad'jek-tiv), n. a word 
used with a substantive or noun to 
express the quality or attribute of 
the thing named, or to limit and de- 
fine a thing as distinct from some- 
thing else. 

adjoin (ad-join'), v.t. to unite or 
join : v.i. to lie next to. 

adjourn (ad-jern'), v.t. to put ofE to 
another day. 

adjournment (ad-jern'ment), n. the 
act of adjourning ; the postponement 
of a meeting. 

adjudge (ad-juj'), v.t. to determine 
in a controversy. 

adjudged (ad-jujd'), adj. determined 
by judicial decree. 

adjudgment ( ad-juj 'ment), n. the 
act of judging. 

adjudicate (ad-jti'di-kat), v.t. to try 
and determine a case as a court. 

adjudication (ad-ju'di-ka'shun), n. 
the act of determining judicially ; a 
judicial sentence._ 

adjudicator (a-ju'di-ka-ter), n. one 
who adjudicates. 

adjunct (ad'jungkt), n. something 
added to another thing, but not an 
essential part of it. 

adjunctive (ad-jungk'tiv), adj. hav- 
ing the quality of joining or uniting. 

adjunctly (ad-jungkt-li), adv. in 
connection with. 

adjuration (ad-ju-ra'shun), n. the 
solemn charging on oath ; the form 
of an oath. 

adjure (ad-jur'), v.t. to command on 
oath under pain of a penalty ; to 
charge solemnly. 

adjust ( ad-just'), v.t. to fit, or make 
exact ; to make correspondent ; to 
make accurate. 

adjuster (ad-jus'ter), n. one who 
regulates or adjusts. 

adjustment (ad-just'ment), n. the 
act of adjusting. 

adjutancy (ad'ju-tan-si), n. the of- 
fice of an adjutant. 

adjutant (ad'ju-tant), n. a regimen- 
tal staff-officer who assists the 
commanding officer. 

adjutant-general (-jen'er-al), [pi. 
adjutants-general], the chief staff- 
officer of an army, through whom 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book: hue, hut; think, then. 



adm 



23 



adn 



I 



all orders, &c., are received and is- 
sued by the general commanding. 

admeasure (ad-mezh'ur), v.t. to 
measure dimensions ; apportion. 

admeasurement ( ad-mezh'ur-ment ) , 
n. a measurement by a rule. 

administer (ad-min'is-ter), v.t. to 
manage as chief agent or minister, as 
a king, president, or judge ; direct 
the application of the laws ; dis- 
pense ; to cause to be taken, as med- 
icine ; to give, as an oath or a sacra- 
ment. 

administerial ( ad-min-is-ter 'i-al ) , 
adj. pertaining to administration. 

administrable ( ad-min'is-tra-bl ) , 
adj. capable of being administered. 

administration (ad-min-is-tra'- 

shun), n. the act of administering, 
as government, justice, medicine, a 
sacrament, or an intestate's estate ; 
the ministry. 

administrative (ad-min'is-tra-tiv) , 
adj. pertaining to administration. 

administrator ( ad-min-is-tra'ter ) , 
n. one who administers affairs; one 
who settles the estate of an intestate. 

administratrix (-tra'triks), n. a 
female administrator. 

admirable (ad'mi-ra-bl), adj. wor- 
thy of admiration ; excellent. 

admiral (ad'mi-ral), n. the chief 
commander of a fleet ; a naval offi- 
cer of the highest rank. 

Admiralty (ad'mi-ral-ti), n. \_pl. 
Admiralties (-tiz)], the department 
of the English government having 
authority over naval affairs; the 
building in which British naval af- 
fairs are transacted ; the office of an 
admiral. 

admiration (ad-mi-ra'shun) , n. won- 
der excited by beauty or excellence. 

admire (ad-mir'), v.t. to regard with 
strong approval. 

admissible (ad-mis'i-bl), adj. wor- 
thy of being admitted. 

admission (ad-mish'un), n. the 
power or permission to enter ; the 
granting of an argument. 

adm.it (ad-mit'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ad- 
mitted, p.pr. admitting], to permit 
to enter; allow in argument; re- 
ceive. 

admittable (ad-mit'a-bl), adj. ad- 
missible. 



admittance (ad-mit'ans), n. the 
power or permission to enter. 

admix (ad-miks'), v.t. to mix with 
something else. 

admixture (ad-miks'ttir), n. a com- 
pound of substances mixed together. 

admonish, (ad-mon'ish), v.t. to re- 
prove gently ; warn ; instruct. 

admonition (ad-mo-nish'un), n, 
friendly reproof or warning. 

admonitory (ad-mon'i-to-ri), adj. 
conveying reproof or warning. 

adnascent (ad-nas'ent), adj, grow* 
ing upon something else. 

adnate (ad'nat), adj. with organic 
cohesion of unlike parts. 

ado (a-do6'), n. bustle; trouble. 

adobe (a-do'ba), n. unburnt brick 
dried in the sun, used -for building 
in Central America and Mexico. 

adolescence (ad-o-les'ens), n. the 
period of life between puberty and 
maturity; youth. 

adolescent (ad-o-les'ent), adj. grow- 
ing to maturity. 

adopt (a-dopf), v.t. to choose or take 
to one's self, as a child, an opinion, 
or a course of action. 

adoption (a-dop'shun), n. the act of 
adopting; the state of being adopt- 
ed; voluntary acceptance; admis- 
sion into more intimate relations. 

adoptive (a-dop'tiv), adj. consti- 
tuted by adoption. 

adorable (a-dor'a-bl), adj. worthy of 
worship. 

adoration (ad-o-ra'shun), n. the act 
of worship. 

adore (a-dor'), v.t. to pay divine 
honors to ; honor highly ; love in- 
tensely; admire greatly: v.i. to of- 
fer worship. 

adorn (a-d6rn'), v.t* to beautify; dig- 
nify ; ornament ; embellish. 

adornment (§.-d6rn'ment), n. orna- 
ment ; decoration. 

adown (a-doun'), adv. & prep, down- 
ward ; down. 

adrift (a-drift'), adj. & adv. floating 
at random. 

adroit (a-droif), adj. exhibiting 
skill ; dexterous. 

adulation (ad-u-la'shun), n. inter- 
ested praise; flattery. 

adulator (ad'ti-la-ter), n. a flatterer. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



adn 



24 



adv 



adulatory (ad'ti-la-to-ri), adj. flat- 
tering. 

adult (a-dulf), adj. grown up to mi 
age, size, and strength : n. :3, naan or 
a woman. 

adulterant (a-clBl'tGr-ant), at?/, 
adulterating : n. the person or thing 
that adulterates. 

adulterate (a-dul'ter-at), -y.t. to cor- 
rupt by baser admixture : g^dj. 
corrupted by baser admixture. 

adulteration (a-dul'ter-a'shun), n. 
the debasing or being debased by 
admixture ; deterioration. 

adulterator (a-dul'ter-a-ter), n. one 
who corrupts or adulterates. 

adulterer ( a-dul'ter-er ) , n. a man 
who commits adultery. 

adulteress (-es), n. a woman who 
commits adultery. 

adulterous (a-dul'ter-us), adj. guilty 
of adultery. 

adultery (a-dul'ter-i), n. [pi. adul- 
teries (-iz)], violation of the mar- 
riage-bed. 

adumbrant (ad-um'brant), adj. 
shadowing forth. 

adumbrate (ad-um'brat), v.t. to 
shadow forth; give a faint resem- 
blance of. 

adumbration (ad-um-bra'shun), n. 
something that shadows forth. 

adumbrative (ad-um'bra-tiv), adj. 
faintly representing ; typical. 

aduncous (ad-ung'kus), adj. hooked, 
as a parrot's bill. 

advance (ad-vans'), v.i. to go for- 
ward : v.t. to further ; to make a 
payment of beforehand : n. improve- 
ment; an addition to or rise in 
value ; an overture (usually used in 
pi.) ; a loan; payment beforehand. 

advancement "(ad-vans'ment), n. 
furtherance; progress; promotion. 

advantage ( ad-van'taj ) , n. a state 
of advance or forwardness ; a ben- 
efit ; the first point gained after 
deuce. 

advantageous (ad-van-ta'jus), adj. 
of advantage ; beneficial. 

advent (ad' vent), n. a coming or ar- 
rival. 

Advent (ad'vent), n. the period in- 
cluding the four Sundays before 
Christmas. 



adventitious (ad-ven-tish'us), adj. 
happening by chance ; casual ; for- 
tuitous ; accidental ; produced out of 
normal and regular order. 

adventual ( ad-ven'tti-al ) , adj. relat- 
ing to the season of Advent. 

adventure (ad-ven'tur), n. an event 
the issue of which is determined by 
chance : v.t. to hazard or risk. 

adventurer (ad-ven'ttir-er), n. one 
who undertakes adventures ; a spec- 
ulator ; one who seeks social dis- 
tinction by false or specious pre- 
tenses. 

adventuress ('tur-es), n. a female 
adventurer ; ( usually in a bad 
sense). 

adventuresome (ad-ven'tur-sum), 
or adventurous ( ad-ven'tur-us ) , 
adj. inclined to incur risk; full of 
risk ; daring. 

adverb (ad'verb), n. a word used to 
modify the sense of a verb or adjec- 
tive. 

adverbial (ad-ver'bi-al), adj. of the 
nature of an adverb. 

adverbially (-li), adv. with the force 
of an adverb. 

adversary (ad'ver-sar-i), n. [pL ad- 
versaries (-iz)], an opponent. 

adversative (ad-ver'sa-tiv), adj. ex- 
pressing opposition. 

adverse (ad'vers), adj. opposed to; 
contrary ; unfortunate ; inimical. 

adversity (ad-ver'si-ti), n. a state 
of things adverse ; the reverse of 
prosperity ; misery. 

advert ( ad-vert'), v.i. to turn one's 
attention to ; refer. 

advertence (ad-ver'tens), n, atten- 
tion. 

advertency (ad-ver'ten-si), w. the 
habit of being attentive. 

advertent (ad-ver'tent), adj. atten^ 
tive. 

advertently (-li), adv. in an inten- 
tional manner. 

advertise (ad'ver-tiz), v.t. to turn 
the attention of others to ; an- 
nounce ; publish. 

advertisement (ad-ver'tiz-ment), ». 
a notice in a public print; an an- 
nouncement. 

advice (ad-vis'), n. an opinion given 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



JfcdTT 



25 



aes 



for the practical direction of con- 
duct ; information given by letter ; 
counsel. 

advisable (ad-vi'za-bl), adj. fit to be 
advised ; prudent ; expedient. 

advisability (ad-viz-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being advisable ; de- 
sirability. 

advise (ad- viz'), v.t. to offer an opin- 
ion to; counsel; inform. 

advised (ad-viz'd), p.adj. acting 
with caution. 

advisedly (ad-vi'zed-Ii), adv. v^ith 
advice ; with intention ; deliberately. 

advisory (ad-vi'zo-ri), adj. having 
power to advise ; containing advice. 

advocacy (ad'vo-ka-si), n. the act of 
pleading for. 

advocate (ad'vo-kat), n. one called 
to the aid of another ; one who 
pleads the cause of another. 

advocator (ad'vo-ka-ter), n. an ad- 
vocate ; a supporter. 

advowee (ad-vou-e'), n. one who has 
an advowson ; the patron of a living. 

advoivson (ad-vou'zn), n. the right 
of presentation to a benefice. 

adynamia (a-din-a'mi-a), n. great 
debility ; physical weakness. 

adze or adz (adz), n. a cutting tool 
having a curved blade at right an- 
gles to the handle, used for dressing 
timber by ships' carpenters, coop- 
L ers, &c. adze-plane, a tool for 
p molding and rabbeting. 

sedile or edile (e'dil), n. a Roman 
magistrate who exercised supervi- 
sion over the temples, public and 
private buildings, the markets, pub- 
lic games, sanitation, &c., hence a 
municipal officer._ 

seolian barp (e-o'li-an harp), n. a 
stringed instrument, the wires of 
which are set in motion by air. 

aeon or eon (e'on), n. a period of im- 
mense duration ; an age. 

aerate (a'er-at), v.t. to combine or 
charge with carbonic-acid gas, or 
with air. 

aerated bread (bred), n. bread 
raised by charging the dough with 
^carbonic-acid gas. 

aeration (a-er-a'shun), n. the act of 
aerating ; oxygenation of the blood 
by exposure to the air in respira- 
tion. 



aerial (a-e'ri-al), adj. belonging to 
the air. 

aerially (-11), adv. like the air. 

aerification (a-er-if-i-ka'shun), n, 
the state of being aeriform. 

aeriform (a'er-i-form), adj. having 
the form of air ; gaseous. 

aerify (a'er-i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
aerified, p.pr. aerifying], to combine 
with air. 

aerocyst (a'er-o-sist), n. one of the 
air-bladders of algae. 

aerodrome (a'er-6-drom), n. a place 
to exhibit flying machines. 

aero-dynamics ( a-er-o-di-nam'iks) , 
n. the science which treats of air in 
motion. 

aerogram (a'er-o-gram), n. a wire- 
less telegraph message. 

aerolite (a'er-o-lit), n. a meteorite. 

aerometer (a-er-om'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for weighing the air. 

aeronaut (a'er-o-nawt), n. an aerial 
navigator ; a balloonist. 

aeronautic (a-er-o-naw'tik), or 
aeronautical (-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to aeronautics. 

aeronautics (a-er-o-naw'tiks), n. 
aerial navigation. 

aeropbone (a'er-o-fon), n. an in- 
strument invented by Edison for 
increasing the intensity of sound. 

aeropbor (a'er-o-fer), n. an appara- 
tus used in spinning-factories to 
moisten the air, to counteract the 
electricity produced by the friction 
of the machinery. 

aeropbyte (a'er-o-fit), n. an air- 
plant ; a parasitical plant. 

aeroplane (a'er-o-plan), n. a flying 
machine, distinguished from an air- 
ship or balloon. 

aerostat (a'er-o-stat), n. a balloon; 
a flying machine. 

aerostatic (a-er-o-stat'ik), or aero- 
statical (-ai), adj. pertaining to 
aerostatics. 

aerostatics (a-er-6-stat'iks), n. the 
science which treats of the equilib- 
rium of bodies sustained in air. 

aery (er'i), n. en eagle's nest; a 
brood of eagles or hawks. 

sestbesiometer ( es-the-si-om'e-ter ) , 
n. an instrument for determining 
sensibility of touch. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book: hue, hut; think, then. 



2(5 



aiS 



sestlietic or esthetic (es-thet'ik), 
adj. pertaining to aesthetics. 

sestlietic school (-skool), a school 
of art composed of devotees of the 
beautiful. 

sestheticisiu (es-thet'i-sizm), w, love 
for, or devotion to, the beautiful. 

sestlietics or esthetics (es-thet'iks), 
n. the science or theory of the beau- 
tiful. 

aether. See ether. 

sethrioscope (eth'ri-o-skop), n, an 
instrument for measuring char^ges 
of temperature of the sky, as when 
clear or clouded. 

aetiology. See etiology. 

afar (a-far'), adv. at, to, or from, a 
distance. 

afPability (af-a-bil'i-ti), n. the qual- 
ity of being affable. 

affable (af'a-bl), adj. easy to be ad- 
dressed; courteous. 

affair ( af-ar' ) , n. that which is done, 
or is to be done ; business. 

affect (af-fekt'), v.t. to produce an 
effect upon ; seek by natural affin- 
ity ; assume the appearance of ; pre- 
tend. 

affectation (af-ek-ta'shun), n. the 
assuming a manner which is not 
one's own. 

affecting (af-fek'ting), adj. having 
power to excite the emotions ; pa- 
thetic. 

affection (af-fek'shun), n. having 
the feelings affected ; inclination ; 
attachment ; fondness ; disease. 

affectional ( af-f ek'shun-al ) , adj. re- 
lating to the affections. 

affectionate ( af-f ek'shun-at ) , adj. 
having affection ; kind. 

afferent (af'fer-ent), adj. conveying 
inwards or to a part. 

affiance (af-fi'ans), n. trust; a mar- 
riage-contract : v.t. to betroth. 

affidavit (af-i-da'vit), n. a sworn 
statement in writing. 

affiliable ( af-fil'i-a-bl ) , adj. capable 
of being affiliated. 

affiliate (af-fil'i-at), v.t. to assign a 
child to its father ; connect with 
in origin ; ^ connect with a parent 
society : v.i. to be intimately con- 
nected or associated (followed by 
witJi). 



affiliation (af-fil-i-a'shun), n. as- 
signment of a child to its father ; 
connection by way of descent. 

affinity (af-fin'i-ti), n. \_pl. affinities 
(-tiz)], nearness of kin. [Affinity 
is relationship by marriage ; con- 
sanguinity, relationship by blood.] 
Physical or chemical attraction ; a 
relationship between species or 
groups depending on similarity of 
structure. 

affirm (af-ferm'), v.t. to assert 
strongly : v.i. to confirm, as a judg- 
ment, decree, or order, in an appel- 
late court ; aver. 

affirmance (af-fer'mans), n. confir- 
mation. 

affirmant (af-fer'mant), n. one who 
affirms ; one who affirms instead of 
taking an oath. 

affirmation (af-er-ma'shun), n. an 
averment ; the solemn declaration 
permitted to those who have con- 
scientious scruples about taking an 
oath. 

affirmative (af-fer'ma-tiv), n. that 
which affirms : adj. relating to, or 
containing, an affirmation ; positive. 

affix (af-fix'), v.t. to fix to; attach: 
n. a letter or syllable added to the 
end of a word ; a suffix. 

afflatus (af-fla'tus), n. & breath or 
blast of wind ; inspiration. 

afflict (af-flikt'), v.t. to cau^e pro- 
longed pain to body or mind ; dis- 
tress. 

affliction (af-flik'shun), n. pro- 
longed pain of body or mind ; dis- 
tress. 

afflictive (af-fiik'tiv), adj. causing 
pain. 

affluence (af'lu-ens), n. an abundant 
supply, as of thoughts, words, rich- 
es ; wealth. 

affluent (af'lu-ent), n. a tributary 
stream : adj. abundant. 

afflux (af'luks), n. an increase; an 
influx. 

afford (af-ford'), v.t. to supply; pro- 
duce ; yield ; be capable of bearing 
the expense of. 

affranchise (af-fran'shiz), v.t. to 
make free ; enfranchise. 

affray (af-fra'), n. the fighting of 
two or more persons in a public 
place to the terror of others. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; booiir 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



aff 



27 



agg 



affright (af-frlf), v.t. to frighten; 
terrify ; alarm ; confuse. 

affront (af-frunt'), v.t. to confront, 
oppose face to face ; insult designedly. 

affusion (af-fu'zhun), n. the act of 
pouring upon. 

Afghan (af'gan), adj. pertaining to 
Afghanistan : n. sl native of Afghan- 
istan. 

afghan (af'gan), n. sl crocheted or 
knitted soft wool blanket or car- 
riage-robe. 

afield (a-feld'), adv. to, in, or on, the 
field ; astray. 

aflame (a-flim'), adj. & adv. in 
flames ; ablaze. 

afloat (a-flot'), adj. & adv. floating; 
in circulation ; unfixed ; adrift. 

afoot (a-foof), adv. on foot; astir. 

afraid (a-frad'), adj. frightened. 

afresh, (a-fresh'), adv. again; anew. 

African (af'rik'an), adj. pertaining 
,to Africa ; also Afric : n. a native 
ef Africa. 

Africander (af-ri-kan'der), n. a na- 
tive of South Africa born of white 
parents. 

aft (aft'), adj. & adv. towards the 
stern. 

after (after), adj. next, subsequent, 
later : prep, behind in place ; in suc- 
cession to ; later in time ; in imita- 
tion of ; according to ; next in rank 
or excellence ; in proportion to ; in 
pursuit of : adv. behind ; subsequent 
in time or place : n. the future. 

after-clap (-klap), n. an untoward 
event happening after an affair is 
supposed to be at an end. 

after-damp (-damp), n. the car- 
bonic acid found in coal-mines after 
an explosion of fire-damp; choke- 
damp. 

after-hold (-hold), n. that part of 
the hold which lies abaft the main- 
mast. 

aftermath (-math), n. a second 
mowing in a season. 

afternoon (af-ter-noon'),»i. the part 
of the day between noon and even- 
ing. 

after-ward (after- ward), or after- 
wards (-wardz), adv. at a later 
time; subsequently. 

after-ivit (-wit), n. wisdom that 
comes too late. 



again (a-gen'), adv. a second time; 
in return ; further ; anew. 

against (a-gensf), prep, opposite to; 
in opposition to ; contrary to one's 
inclinations. 

agape (a-gap'), adj. & adv. gaping; 
with the tQouth wide open in a state 
of expectation or astonishment. 

agate (ag'at), n. a precious stone, a 
variety of chalcedony ; Scotch peb- 
ble. 

agaty (ag'a-ti), adj. of the nature of 
agate. 

age (aj), n. a particular period of 
time in life or in history ; time : v.i, 
to grow old. 

agency (a'jen-si), n. operation; ac- 
tion ; an establishment for the pur- 
pose of doing business for another. 

agent (a'jent), n. one who acts, espe« 
cially for another ; an active power 
or cause. 

agglomerate (ag-glom'er-at), v.t. 
to gather into a heap ; accumulate. 

agglomeration ( ag-glom-er-a'shun ) , 
n. a heap. 

agglomerative (ag-glom'er-a-tiv), 
adj. tending to gather together. 

agglutinant ( ag-glti'ti-nant ) , adj. 
uniting : n. any sticky substance 
which causes bodies to adhere to- 
gether. 

agglutinate (ag-glti'ti-nat), v.t. to 
glue together : adj. glued together. 

agglutination ( ag-gl u-ti-na'shun ) , 
n. the act or condition of being 
united or joined together. 

aggrandize (ag'gran-diz), v.t. to 
make great or greater in power, 
rank, or riches ; augment. 

aggrandizement ( ag'gran-dlz- 
ment), n. exaltation; advancement. 

aggravate (ag'gra-vat), v.t. to add 
to a load ; be troublesome ; intensify. 

aggravating (ag'gra-va-ting), p. adj. 
making worse or more heinous. 

aggravation (ag-grd-va'shun), n. 
the act of making worse. 

aggregate (ag'-gre-gat), v.t. to col- 
lect or bring together ; gather into 
a mass or body ; accumulate : n. 
total ; mass ; a mass formed by the 
union of similar particles : adj. 
formed into a mass or total. 

aggregation (ag'gre-ga'shun), n. a 
collection of particulars. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



agg 



28 



agr 



aggregative (ag'gre-ga-tiv), adj. 
collective ; social. 

aggress (ag-gres'), v.i. to attack; 
begin a quarrel or controversy. 

aggression (ag-gresh'un)^, n. unpro- 
voked attack. 

aggressive (ag-gres'iv), adj. un- 
justly attacking. 

aggressor (ag-gres'er), n. one who 
attacks. 

aggrieve (ag-grev'), v.t. to bear 
heavily upon ; oppress. 

agbast (a-gasf), adj. struck with 
sudden astonishment, or terror. 

agile (aj'il), adj. easily driven 
about ; active in body ; nimble. 

agility (a-jil'i-ti), n. nimbleness. 

agio (a'ji-o), n. [pi. agios (-oz)], 
the premium on money or foreign 
bills of exchange ; discount. 

agiotage (aj'i-o-taj), n. exchange 
business ; stock-jobbing. 

agitable (aj'i-ta-bl), adj. capable 
of being moved, or debated ; debata- 
ble. 

agitate (aj'i-tat), v.t. to stir vio- 
lently ; discuss ; excite ; revolve in 
the mind ; disturb ; keep constantly 
before the public. 

agitation (aj-i-ta'shun), n. the act 
of agitating ; excitement ; discus- 
sion. 

agitative (aj'i-ta-tiv), adj. tending 
to agitate. 

agitator (aj'i-ta-ter), n. one who 
starts or keeps up a political or 
other agitation ; an implement for 
stirring. 

aglow (a-glo'), adj. & adv. in a glow ; 
glowing. 

aglntition (ag-lti-tish'un), n. ina- 
bility to swallow. 

agnail (ag'nal), n. a sore under or 
near the nail ; a whitlow. 

agnomen (ag-no'men), n. an addi- 
tional name or epithet, as Milton, 
the poet. 

agnostic (ag-nos'tik), n. one who 
denies that man possesses any 
knowledge of the ultimate nature of 
things ; one who neither affirms nor 
denies the existence of a personal 
Deity : adj. pertaining to the agnos- 
tics or their teachings ; expressing 
ignorance. 



agnosticism, (ag-nos'ti-sizm), n. the 
doctrines of the agnostics. 

ago (a-go'), adj. gone; past (used 
always after the noun) : adv. in 
past time (used only in the phrase 
long ago). 

agog (a-gog')> adj. & adv. in agita- 
tion or expectation ; eager. 

agoing (a-go'ing), adv. on the go- 
ing; in motion. 

agonistics (ag-o-nis'tiks), n. the 
science of athletic combats. 

agonize (ag'-o-niz), v.i. to suffer 
anguish, make convulsive efforts: 
v.t. to torture. 

agonizingly (ag'6-ni-zing-li), adv. 
with anguish or struggles. 

agony (ag'o-ni), n. [pi. agonies 
(-niz)], extreme pain; anguish. 

ago«ti (a-go6'ti), n. a rodent found 
in the West Indies and South 
America. » 

agrarian (a-gra'ri-S.n), adj. relating 
to land, or to land-tenure ; growing 
wild in the fields : n. one who is in 
favor of a redistribution of land. 

agrarianism (a-gra'ri-an-ism), n. 
the principle of a uniform division 
of land; agitation with respect to 
land-tenure. 

agree ( a-gre' ) , v.i. to harmonize phys- 
ically, mentally, or morally; to ac 
cord. 

agreeability (a-gre-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
agreeableness. 

agreeable ( a-gre'a-bl ) , adj. pleasing 
to the mind or senses. 

agreement (a-gre'ment),«. harmony 
of opinions or feelings ; concord of 
one word with another in gender, 
number, case, or person ; a com- 
pact ; a contract ; mutual under- 
standing. 

agricultural (ag-ri-kul'tur-al), adj. 
pertaining to tillage. 

agriculture (ag'ri-kul-tur), n. the 
science and art of cultivating fields 
by the plow, &c. ; tillage ; farming. 

agriculturist (ag-ri-kul'tur-ist), n. 
one engaged in tillage; a farmer. 

agr in (a-grin'), adj. & adv. in the 
act or state of grinning. 

aground (a-ground'), adj. & adv. on 
the ground; the situation of a ship 
whose bottom touches the ground; 
stranded. 



ate, arm, ^sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



I 



agn 



29 



ala 



ague (a'gti),w.an intermittent fever; 
the cold fit of the intermittent fever. 

ague-cake (-kak), n. an enlargement 
of the spleen produced by ague. 

aguish (a'gu-ish), adj. having the 
qualities of an ague; producing 
ague ; intermittent. 

alia (a-ha')> inter j. an exclamation 
expressive of satisfaction or irony. 

ahead (a-hed'), adv. in the front; 
forward. 

ahoy (a-hoi'), inter j. a term used in 
hailing a vessel. 

ahull (a-hul'), adv. with sails furled 
and helm lashed alee : said of a ship 
in a storm. 

ai (a'i), n. [pi. ais (a'ez)], the three- 
toed sloth of America. 

aid (ad), v.t. to assist; support: n. 
help ; assistance. 

aide-de-camp (ad'de-kong), n. [pi. 
aides-de-camp], an officer who as- 
sists a general. 

aigret (a'gret) or aigrette (a- 
gret'), n. the small white heron; a 
plume arranged in imitation of the 
feathers of the heron, worn on hel- 
mets, and as an article of women's 
head-attire; a feathery crown of 
seed. 

ail (al), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. -ed, p.pr. 
-ing], to give or cause pain: vA. to 
feel pain : be afflicted with pain. 

aileron (al'er-on), n. a small deflect- 
ing plane, placed at each end of the 
Curtiss biplane, between the upper 
and lower planes, to steady the ma- 
chine. 

ailment (al'ment), n. a slight dis- 
order of the body ; sickness. 

aim (am), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. -ed, p.pr. 
-ing] , to endeavor after ; direct at 
something ; seek : n. a purpose ; an 
endeavor. 

air (ar), v.t. to expose to the air; 
dry, thoroughly, as clothes ; to ex- 
hibit ostentatiously : n. the fluid 
which we breathe ; the atmosphere ; 
external manner ; appearance ; bear- 
ing ; a melody. 

air-gas (-gas), n. an illuminating 
gas made from air charged with the 
vapor of petroleum, naphtha, &c. 

air-gun (-gun), n. a gun discharged 
by the elastic force of condensed 
air. 



airily (ar'i-li), adv. in an airy man- 
ner; gaily. 

airiness (ar'i-nes), n. the state of 
being airy ; gaiety. 

airing (ar'ing), n. a walk, ride, or 
drive in the open air ; exposure to 
the air or fire. 

air-line (-lin), n. a straight line. 
Also called a bee-line. 

air-plant (-plant), n. a plant which 
derives its nourishment from the air. 

air-pump (-pump), n. a machine 
for exhausting the air from a re- 
ceiver ; the pump used to exhaust 
the water and gases from the con- 
denser of a steam-engine. 

airship (ar'ship), n. a steerable bal- 
loon. 

airy (ar'i), adj. exposed to or com- 
posed of air ; breezy ; unsubstan- 
tial ; gay. 

aisle (il), n. the wing of a church. 

ajar (a-jar'), adj. & adv. slightly 
turned or opened, as a door ; out of 
harmony. 

ajog (a-jog'), adv. on the jog; jog- 
ging. 

akimbo (a-kim'bo), adv. with the 
hands on the hips and the elbows 
turned outwards. 

akin (a-kin'), adj. & adv. of kin; re- 
lated by blood ; allied by nature. 

alabaster (al'a-bas-ter), n. a white 
marble-like mineral ; a box made of 
alabaster, in which the ancients held 
ointments : adj. made of, or trans- 
parent like, alabaster. 

alack (a-lak'), inter j. an exclamation 
expressive of blame, sorrow, or sur- 
prise. 

alacrity (a-lak'ri-ti), n. eager readi- 
ness ; joyous activity ; briskness. 

alalia (a-la'li-a), n. loss of speech 
by paralysis of the muscles. 

alalus (al'a-lus), w. the hypothetical 
ape-man. 

alamode (a-la-mod'), adv. in the 
fashion : adj. fashionable : n. a thin, 
light, glossy black silk. 

alar (a'lar), adj. pertaining to or 
having wings ; wing-shaped. 

alarm (a-liirm'), v.t. arouse to a 
sense of danger ; strike with appre- 
hension of danger : n. a call to arms ; 
a warning of danger ; the apprehen- 
sion of danger. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ala 



30 



alg 



alarming (a-larm'ing), adj. exciting 
apprehension ; ominous. 

alary (a'la-ri), adj. of or pertaining 
to wings ; wing-shaped. 

alas ( a-las' ) , inter j. an exclamation 
expressive of nnhappiness. 

alate (a'lat) or alated (-ed), adj. 
having wings or wing-like side-ap- 
pendages. 

alb (alb), n. a white priestly vest- 
ment worn at the celebration of the 
Eucharist in the Roman Catholic 
Church and in some Anglican 
churches. 

albata (al-ba'ta), n. an alloy imi- 
tating silver ; German silver. 

albatross (al'ba-tros), n. sl sea-bird 
allied to the petrel, inhabiting the 
Pacific and Southern Oceans. 

albeit (awl-be'it), conj. although; 
even though ; notwithstanding. 

albino (al-bi'no), n. a person with 
white skin and hair and pinkish 
eyes ; a man, animal, or plant ab- 
normally white in color. 

albugineous (al-bu-jin'e-us), adj. of 
the nature of white-of-egg ; albumi- 
nous. 

album (al'bum), n. a blank book in 
which to insert autographs, photo- 
graphs, stamps, &c. 

albumen (al-bii'men), n. the white 
of an egg ; the nutritious farina- 
ceous matter stored up with the em- 
bryo of an animal or plant. 

albumenize (al-bu'men-iz), v.t. in 
photography, to coat paper with an 
albuminous solution. 

albumin (al-bti'min), n. a variant of 
albumen. 

albuminoid (al-bti'mi-noid), adj. 
like albumen : n. a class of organic 
compounds which form the chief 
part of the organs and tissues of 
animals and plants ; proteids. 

albuminous (al-bu'mi-nus) or al- 
buminose (-nos), adj. like, or con- 
taining albumen. 

albuminuria ( al-bu'mi-nu'ri-a ) , n. 
the presence of albumen in the kid- 
neys and the urine. 

alburnum (al-ber'num), n. the 
white and softer part of wood be- 
tween the bark and the heart-wood ; 
sap-wood. 



alcalde (al-kal'da), n. a magistrate 
or justice in Spain or Portugal. 

alchemist (al'ke-mist), n. one who 
studies or practices alchemy. 

alchemy (al'ke-mi), n. the chemistry 
of the Middle Ages ; the professed 
art of transmuting the baser metals 
into gold. 

alcohol (arko-hol), n. pure or recti- 
fied spirits of wine ; the spirituous 
or intoxicating element in ferment- 
ed liquors ; rectified spirits ; a class 
of compounds of the same type as 
spirits of wine. 

alcoholic (al-ko-hol'ik), adj. con- 
taining alcohol : -s, n.pl. alcoholic 
liquors. 

alcoholism (al'ko-hol-izm), n. a 
diseased condition produced by alco- 
hol. 

alcoholization ( al-ko-hol-i-za'shun ) 
n. subjection to the influence of al- 
cohol. 

alcoholize (al'ko-hol-iz), v.t. to sub- 
ject to the influence of alcohol ; to 
rectify (spirits of wine). 

Alcoran (al'ko-ran & al-ko-ran'), n. 
the Koran ; the Mohammedan Bible. 

alcove (al-kov'), n. a recess in a 
room or a garden ; a bower. 

alder (awl'der), n. a genus of plants 
growing in moist land and related 
to the birch. 

alderman (awl'der-man), n.; pi. 
aldermen (-men), in English and 
Irish cities and boroughs a magis- 
trate next in dignity to the mayor; 
certain members of county councils 
elected by those bodies. 

ale (al), n. a liquor made from an 
infusion of malt by fermentation. 

alee (a-le'), adv. & adj. on the lee or 
sheltered side of the ship ; opposite 
to aweather. 

alert (a-lert'), adj. on the watch; 
active : n. an alarm ; a sudden at- 
tack. 

alexandrine (al-eks-an'drin), n. a 
kind of heroic verse of six iambic 
feet, or twelve syllables. 

algae (al'je), n.pl. one of the great 
divisions of cryptogamic plants, 
including seaweeds and kindred 
fresh-water plants. 

algebra (al'je-bra), n. the science of 
calculation by general symbols. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



alg 



31 



alk 



algebraic (al'je-bra-ik) or alge- 
braical ('ik-al), adj. occurring in 
or dealing with algebra. 

algebraically (-li), adv, by means 
of algebraic processes. 

algine (al'jin), n. a substance ob- 
tained from seaweed, and used in 
manufactures instead of horn. 

alias (a'li-as), adv. otherwise 
[named] : n. [pi. aliases (-ez)], an- 
other name ; an assumed name. 

alibi (al'i-bi), n. the plea of having 
been elsewhere when the alleged act 
was committed. 

alien (a'li-en), adj. belonging to an- 
other : n. a foreign-born resident of 
a country in which he is not nat- 
uralized. 

alienability (a-li-en-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being alienable ; sal- 
ability. 

alienage (a'li-en-aj), n. the state or 
legal status of an alien. 

alienate (a'li-en-at), v.t. to estrange, 
as the affections ; transfer to an- 
other, as property. 

alienation (a-li-en-a'shun), n. es- 
trangement ; transference ; diver- 
sion to another purpose ; mental de- 
rangement. 

alienism (a'li-en-izm), n. the posi- 
tion of being an alien ; the study 
and treatment of mental diseases. 

aliform (al'i-form), adj. wing- 
shaped. 

alight (a-lif), v.i. to dismount; to 
descend and settle ; to come upon 
accidentally : adj. lighted ; lighted- 
up ; in a flame. 

align (a-lin'), same as aline. 

alignment (a-lin'ment), same as 
alinement. 

alike (a-lik'), adj. like one another: 
adv. in like manner ; similar. 

aliment (al'i-ment), n. food; the 
necessaries of life generally ; an al- 
lowance for support by decree of 
court : v.t. to make provision for 
the maintenance of ; make provision 
for the support of parents or chil- 
dren respectively. 

alimental (al-i-men'tal), adj. hav- 
ing the quality of, or supplying the 
materals for, nourishing. 

alimentary (al-i-men'ta-ri), adj. 
pertaining to food ; nutritious. 



alimentary canal (ka-nal'), n. the 
great duct which conveys food to 
the stomach and carries off solid 
excreta. 

alimentation (al-i-men-ta'shun), w. 
the act of giving nourishment ; the 
function of the alimentary canal. 

alimentiveness ( al-i-men'tiv-nes ) , 
n. the instinct for food. 

alimony (ari-mon-i), n. means of 
living ; an allowance made by decree 
of court to a wife out of her hus- 
band's estate on separation, or 
pending an action for the same. 

aline (a-lin'), v.t. to lay out or ad- 
just by a line : v.i. to form or fall 
into a line. 

alinement (a-lin'ment), n. the act 
of laying out or adjusting by a 
line ; the ground-plan of a railway 
or road. 

aliped (al'i-ped), adj. wing-footed, 
like the bat. 

aliquant (al'i-kwant), adj. being a 
part of a number which does not 
divide it without a remainder, as 8 
is an aliquant part of 25. 

aliquot (al'i-kwot), adj. being a part 
of a number or quantity which will 
divide it without a remainder, as 8 
is an aliquot part of 24. 

alive (a-liv'), adj. having life; in a 
state of action ; sprightly ; sensi- 
tive ; thronged. 

alkahest (al'ka-hest), n. the pre- 
tended universal solvent of the al- 
chemists. 

alkalescent (al-ka-les'sent), adj. 
tending to become alkaline. 

alkali (al'ka-li & -li), n. [pi. alkalis 
& -ies], one of a class of caustic 
bases, as soda, potash, having the 
common properties of being soluble 
in water and in alcohol, combining 
with fats to form soap, neutralizing 
acids and forming salts with them, 
and changing the tint of many vege- 
table coloring-matters. 

alkaline (al'ka-lin & -lin), adj. per- 
taining to, or having the properties 
of, an alkali. 

alkaloid (al'ka-loid), n. a body or 
substance containing alkaline prop- 
erties ; pi. nitrogenous compounds 
met with in plants in combination 



ate, arm. 



at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



alk 



32 



all 



with organic acids : adj. resembling 
an alkali in its properties. 

alkauet (al'ka-net), n. a plant the 
root of which yields the rich red dye 
of commerce. 

all (awl), adj. the whole quantity of, 
as substance, duration, extent, 
amount, or degree ; the whole num- 
ber of, collectively, as individuals, 
particulars, or parts ; every, as with 
kind ; any, used after a preposition 
or verb : pron. the whole ; the whole 
quantity or amount ; total ; aggre- 
gate : n. a whole ; an entirety ; one's 
entire possessions : adv. wholly ; en- 
tirely ; completely. 

all along (a'long), adv.phr. through- 
out. 

all but (but), adv.phr. everything 
but ; almost. 

all-fours (-forz), n. a game of cards 
which comprises four points or 
chances for scoring : adv. on hands 
and knees. 

all-hail ( hal ) , inter j. all health ! a 
phrase of salutation. 

All-liallo-ws (hal'oz), n. pi. All 
Saints' Day, celebrated on the first 
of November, in honor of all the 
saints. 

all one (wun), adj. & n. in effect the 
same ; quite the same. 

all-round (round), adj. versatile; 
capable of doing anything ; many- 
sided. 

all-sorts (sorts), n. remnants of 
various liquors blended together. 

All Souls' Day (solz da), n.pl. the 
day, celebrated second of November 
by the Roman Catholic Church, in 
honor of the departed. 

all told (awl told), adv. all counted. 

Allah (al'la), n. the Arabic name 
for the Supreme Being, in use 
among the Mohammedans. 

allay (al-la'), v.t. to quiet or calm; 
assuage ; appease ; abate ; mitigate ; 
relieve ; as pain or grief. 

allegation (al-e-ga'shun), n. the act 
of alleging ; assertion ; declaration ; 
that which is asserted or alleged ; 
that which is offered as a plea, an 
excuse, or Justification ; the state- 
ment of a party to a suit of that 
which he is prepared to prove. 

allege (al-lej'), v.t. to produce or 



adduce as argument, plea, or ex- 
cuse ; affirm ; declare ; assert. 

allegeable ( al-lej 'a-bl), adj. that 
may be alleged or affirmed. 

allegiance (al-le'jans), n. the tie or 
obligation of a subject to his sover- 
eign or government ; fealty ; fidelity ' 

y to a cause or person. 

allegoric (al-e-gor'ik) or allegori- 
cal (al-e-gor'i-kal), adj. pertaining 
to, consisting of, or in the nature 
of allegory ; figurative. 

allegorically (-li), adv. figurative^ 
ly ; in an allegorical manner. 

allegorize (al'e-go-rlz), v.t. to turn 
into allegory ; to treat allegorically ; 
to interpret in an allegorical sense : 
v.t. to make use of, or indulge in, 
allegory. 

allegory (al'e-go-ri), n. [pi. allego- 
ries (-riz)], a figurative manner of 
treating a subject by the use of 
other terms analogous in properties 
or circumstances; a figurative rep- 
resentation in which the meaning is 
conveyed symbolically. 

alleviate (al-le'vi-at),!?.*. to lighten; 
lessen ; make easier ; mitigate. 

alleviation (al-le-vi-a'shun), n. the 
act of alleviating ; that which les- 
sens or lightens. 

alleviative (al-le'vi-a-tiv), adj. tend- 
ing to alleviate : n. that which alle- 
viates. 

alleviator (al-le'vi-a-ter),7*. one who, 
or that which, alleviates. 

alley (al'i), n. [pi. alleys (-iz)], a 
passage; a way (generally narrow) ; 
a lane. 

alliaceous (al-i-a'shus), adj. of the 
nature or property of garlic or the 
onion. 

alliance (al-ll'ans), n. the state of 
being allied ; relation or connection 
by birth or marriage; union be- 
tween nations. 

alligation (al-i-ga'shun), n. a rule 
for ascertaining the value or price 
of a compound by determining the 
relative proportions and prices of 
the ingredients. 

alligator (al'i-ga-ter), n. the Ameri- 
can crocodile. 

alliteration (al-lit-e-ra'shun),w. the 
repetition of the same initial letter 
in closely-succeeding words, or in 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; booii» 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



bu < 

words directly following each other, 
as "apt alliteration's artful aid." 

alliterative (al-lit'e-ra-tiv), adj. 
pertaining to, or characterized by, 
alliteration. 

allocate (al'o-kat), v.t. to assign or 
allot-; distribute, as in equal or pro- 
portionate parts or shares. 

allocation (al-o-ka'shun), n. the act 
of allotting, allocating, or assigning ; 
an allotment or assignment ; an al- 
lowance made on an account. 

allocntion (al-o-ku'shun), n. an ad- 
dress of a formal nature, as that 
delivered by the Pope to his clergy 
or to the Church generally. 

allodial ( a-lo'di-lil ) , adj. freehold; 
not feudal : n^ land thus held. 

allodium (a-l6'di-um), n. ipl. allo- 
dia (-a)], freehold estate. 

allograph, (al'o-graf), n. a signature 
by one person on behalf of another : 
opposed to autograph. 

allomorphisiu (al-o-m6r'fizm), n. 
the property in certain substances 
of assuming a different form while 
remaining the same in constitution. 

allopath (al'o-path), n. one who fa- 
vors or practices allopathy ; an al- 
lopathist. 

allopathic (al-o-path'ik), adj. per- 
taining to allopathy. 

allopathically (-al-li), adv. in an 
' allopathic manner. 

allopathy (al-op'a-thi), n. a method 
of treating disease by inducing an 
action opposite to the disease it is 
sought to cure ; opposed to homoeop- 
athy. 

alloquialism (§.-lo'kwi-al-izm), n. a 
phrase or manner of speech used in 
addressing. 

allot (a-lof), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. allotted 
p.pr. allotting], to distribute or di- 
vide, as by lot ; apportion, as shares ; 
assign or grant for a specific pur- 
pose. 

allotment (a-lot'ment), n. the act 
of allotting ; that which is allotted ; 
a portion of land assigned or al- 
lotted. 

allotropic (al-o-trop'ik), adj. per- 
taining to or characterized by al- 
lotropy. 

allotropism (a-lot'ro-pizm), n. di- 
versity of molecular arrangement. 



i all 

allotropy (a-lot'ro-pi), n. the capa- 
bility shown by certain chemical 
elements to assume different forms, 
each characterized by peculiar 
qualities, as the occurrence of car- 
bon in the form of the diamond, 
charcoal, and plumbago respective- 
ly. 

allotee (al-lot-te'), n. one to whom 
an allotment or share is granted or 
assigned. 

allow (a-lou'), v.t. to grant, yield; 
admit ; deduct ; permit ; approve : 
v.i. to make concession or provision 
(followed by for). 

allowable ( a-lou'a-bl ) , adj. that may 
be allowed ; permissible ; lawful ; 
praiseworthy ; acceptable. 

allowance (a-lou'ans), n. the act 
of allowing ; admission ; concession ; 
a definite sum granted ; sanction or 
approval ; abatement or deduction : 
'V.t. to put upon allowance ; limit to- 
a fixed expenditure or consumption 
of money or food. 

alloy (a-loi'), v.t. to combine; to 
form a compound, by fusion, of two 
or more metals ; reduce in standard 
or quality by mixture, as with a 
metal of baser value ; debase : n. a 
compound or fusion of two or more 
metals ; a mixture of two metals of 
differing nature and value ; an ad- 
mixture of evil with good. 

allspice (awl'spis), n. the fruit or 
berry of the pimento : so named in 
allusion to its taste being supposed 
to combine the flavors of other 
spices. 

allude (a-lud'), v.t. to compare: v.i. 
refer or make an allusion indirectly 
(with to). 

allure (a-lur'), v.t. to tempt by the 
offer of something good, real or ap- 
parent ; entice ; attract. 

allurement (a-lur'ment), n. the act 
of alluring, or that which allures. 

allusion (a-lu'zhun), n. a casual ref- 
erence ; a comparison or reference 
by symbol or metaphor. 

allusive (a-lu'siv), adj. having ref- 
erence to something not definitely 
expressed. 

allusory (a-lu's6-ri), adj. allusive. 

alluvial ( a-lu'vi-al ) , adj. pertaining 
to or composed of alluvium. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon,, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



aU 



34 



alp 



alluvion (a-lu'vi-un), n. land added 
to a shore or river-bank by the 
action of water. 

alluvium, (a-lti'vi-um), n. [pi. allu- 
via (-a)], a deposit of mingled sand 
and clay (mud), or of alternating 
layers of sand and clay, of river 
origin. 

ally (a-li'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. allied, 

^ p.pr. allying], to unite by marriage, 
treaty, league, or confederacy ; bind 
or connect by friendship or re- 
semblance : n. [pi. allies (a-liz')], 
one united, related, or associated by 
these means ; a confederate. 

aliuadia (al-ma-de'a), n. an Indian 
river-boat, shuttle-shaped, about 80 
ft. in length, with a narrow beam ; 
a small African bark-canoe. 

almagra (al-ma'gra), n. a fine deep- 
red ochre used in India for staining 
the skin ; used also as a paint and 
polish (Indian-red). 

almanac (awl'ma-nak), n. a year- 
book or calendar giving the order 
of the days of the week and month, 
astronomical data, tide-tables, ec- 
clesiastical festivals and fasts, and 
other varied information. 

almighty (awl-ml'ti), adj. possess- 
ing all power ; omnipotent. 

Almighty (awl-mi'ti), n. the om- 
nipotent God. 

almightiness (-nes), n. omnipo- 
tence ; infinite or boundless power. 

almond (a'mund & al'mund), n. the 
kernel of the fruit of the almond- 
tree; anything resembling the al- 
mond in shape. 

almoner (al'mun-er), n. one who 
dispenses or distributes alms or 
charity ; an alms-purse ; a pouch or 
purse which in early times was sus- 
pended from the girdle. 

almonry (al'mun-ri), n. [pi. almon- 
ries (-riz)], the residence of the 
almoner : the place where alms are 
dispensed. 

almost (awl'most), adv.'^' neavlj ; 
very nearly ; well-nigh ; all but. 

alms (amz), n.sing. [used sometimes 
as n.pl.] the act of relieving by 
charitable aid ; that which is be- 
stowed in or out of charity. 

alms-house (-hous), n. a house en- 
dowed by private or public charity 



and appropriated to the use of the 
poor. 

aloe (al'o), n. [pi. aloes (-oz)], the 
common name for succulent plants, 
natives of the warm climates of the 
Old World, and especially of the 
southern part of Africa. 

aloes (al'oz), n. a drug, the inspis- 
sated juice of several species of 
aloe, and obtained from the leaves ; 
the fragrant resin or wood of the 
agallochum. 

aloft (a-loft'), adv. on high; far 
above the earth ; at the mast-head, 
or on the higher yards or rigging. 

alone (a-lon'), adj. & adv. without or 
apart from another ; single or sin- 
gly ; only ; separately ; by itself. 

along (a-long'), prep. & adv. by the 
length ; lengthwise ; in a line parallel 
with the length ; onward. 

alongshoreman (-shor'man), n. [pi. 
-men], a laborer employed at docks 
in loading and unloading vessels, 

alongside (-sid), adv. by the side; 
side by side. 

aloof (a-loof), adv. at a moderate 
distance but within sight ; purposely 
keeping apart. 

alopecia (al-o-pe'si-a), or alopecy 
(al'o-pe-si), n. baldness; loss of 
hair through skin disease. 

alopecist (al'o-pes-ist), n. one who 
undertakes the cure or prevention of 
baldness. 

aloud (a-loud'), adv. with raised 
voice; loudly; with a great noise; 
audibly. 

alpaca (al-pak'a), n. a mammal, 
closely allied to the llama, a native 
of the Andes of Chili and Peru ; 
the fabric constructed from the 
long, soft, silky wool of the alpaca. 

alpen-glow (al'pen-glo), n. a pecul- 
iar purple glow on the snow on the 
Alps seen just before sunrise and 
after sunset. 

alp en-horn (-horn), n. a long and 
nearly straight horn used by the 
mountaineers of the Alps. 

alpen-stock (-stok), n. a stout staff, 
furnished with an iron spike, used 
by mountain-climbers. 

alphabet (al'fa-bet), n. the letters 
of a language arranged in the cus- 
tomary order ; the first rudiments of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, /7ien. 



alp 



35 



alt 



any branch of knowledge : v.t. to 
arrange or classify in alphabetical 
sequence ; mark by the letters of the 
alphabet. 

alpliabetic (al-fa-bet'ik), or alpha- 
betical ('i-kal), adj. pertaining 
to an alphabet; in the order of the 
alphabet. 

alphabetically (-li), adv. in an al- 
phabetical order or manner. 

alphabetize ( al'f a-bet-iz, v.t. to ar- 
range in alphabetical order. 

already (awl-red'i), adj. quite 
ready ; fully prepared : adv. by, at, 
or before, a specified time. 

also (awl'so), adv. & conj. wholly so ; 
in like manner ; likewise ; further, 
or in addition to. 

altar (awl-tar), n. a raised place, 
structure, or elevation, whether of 
earth or stone, for the offering of 
sacrifices or burning of incense ; the 
Communion-table; a place of wor- 
ship. 

altazimuth (alt-az'i-muth), n. an in- 
strument employed to determine the 
altitudes and azimuths of the heav- 
enly bodies, 

alter (awl-ter), v.t. to effect some 
change in ; modify or vary ; change 
entirely or materially. 

alterability (awl-ter-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being alterable or 
liable to change. 

alterant (awl'ter-ant), adj. produc- 
ing or effecting change : n. a sub- 
stance used in dyeing to change or 
modify a color. 

alteration (awl-ter-a'shun), n. the 
act of altering or changing ; the 
change or modificatioi^ effected. 

alterative (awl'ter-a-tiv), adj. pro- 
ducing change ; having the power to 
alter : n. a medicine which restores 
the healthy functions of the body. 

altercate (awl'ter-kat), v.i. to con- 
tend in words ; wrangle ; dispute 
with anger or heat. 

altercation (awl-ter-ka'shun), n. 
the act of wrangling ; warm conten- 
tion in words ; a dispute. 

alter ego (al'ter e'go), n. a second 
self ; one's double : frequently ap- 
plied to a person fully authorized to 
act for another. 



alternant (al-ter'nant), adj. com- 
posed of alternate layers. 

alternate (al'ter-nat), v.t. to per- 
form by turns ; cause to succeed by 
turns ; exchange reciprocally : v.i. 
to_ take place by turns (followed by 
with): adj. by turns; following 
each other in reciprocal succession; 
succeeding each other by turns on 
opposite sides of a stem. 

alternate angles (ang'glz), n.pl. 
the internal angles made by two 
lines with a third on opposite sides 
of it. 

alternation (al-ter-na'shun), n. the 
act of alternating, or sta^e of being 
alternate ; reciprocal succession ; 
antiphonal singing or reading. 

alternative (al-ter'na-tiv), adj. giv- 
ing the choice of two things : n. the 
option or choice of two possibilities, 
so that if one be rejected the other 
must be accepted. 

alternator (al'ter-na-ter), n. an al- 
ternating current dynamo. 

alt-horn (alt'horn,) n. a musical in- 
strument of the sax-horn class, fre- 
quently used in military bands. 

although (awl-*7io'), conj. granting 
that ; though ; even if ; notwith- 
standing. 

altimeter (al-tim'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring altitudes 
trigonometrically. 

altimetry (al-tim'e-tri), n. the art 
of measuring altitudes by the use 
of the altimeter. 

altiscope (al'tis-kop), n. an instru- 
ment consisting of mirrors and 
lenses by means of which an object 
is brought to the view of the ob- 
server notwithstanding intervening 
obstacles ; used to guide submarine^ 
boats. 

altisonant (al-tis'o-nant) , adj. high 
sounding ; pompous in language. 

altitude (al'ti-tud), n. space ex- 
tended upward ; laeight ; highest 
point or degree ; the elevation of a 
celestial body above the horizon ; 
the perpendicular distance from the 
base of a figure to the summit or to 
the side parallel to the base. 

altitudinal (al-ti-tu'di-nal), adj. of 
or pertaining to height. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



alt 



36 



ama 



alto (al'to), adj. high: n. the con- 
tralto ; the tenor violin or viola. 

altogether awl-too-ge^/i'er ) , adv. 
wholly ; completely ; without excep- 
tion ; conjunctly ; entirely^ 

alto-relievo (al'to-re-le'vo), or 
alto-rilievo ( al'to-re-le-a'vo ) , n. 
[pi. alto-relievos (-voz)], high re- 
lief ; figures or other objects that 
stand out boldly from the backr 
ground, and having more than half 
their thickness projecting. 

altropathy (al-trop'a-thi), n. sym- 
pathy for others. 

altruism (al'troo-izm), n. the prin- 
ciples inculcated by Comte, and in- 
volving the sacrifice of self in the 
interests of others : opposed to 
egoism. 

altruist (al'troo-ist), 7i. one who ad- 
vocates or practices altruism. 

altruistic (al-troo-is'tik), adj. per- 
taining to altruism ; mindful of the 
wants and interests of others. 

altruistically (-al-li), adv. in an al- 
truistic manner. 

aluxa (al'um), n. a double sulphate 
formed of aluminum and some other 
element, usually an alkali metal. 
alum-root (-root), n. a popular 
name given to certain roots of an 
astringent nature belonging to the 
saxifrages. 

alumina (a-lu'mi-na), n. the single 
oxide of aluminum, the most abun- 
dant of the earths ; a notable consti- 
tuent of common clay. Alumina is 
largely used in dyeing and calico- 
printing as a mordant. 

alumiuite (a-lu'mi-nit), n. the 
hydrous sulphate of aluminum. 

aluminous ( a-lti'mi-nus ) , adj. per- 
taining to, or containing, alum or 
alumina. 

aluminum (a-lti'mi-num) or alu- 
minium (al-u-min'i-um), n. a blu- 
ish-white, light, sonorous, ductile, 
malleable metal. 

alumna (a-lum'na), n. [pi. alumnae 
(-ne)], a female graduate or pupil 
of a university or college. 

alumnus (a-lum'nus), n. [pi. alumni 
(-ni)], a pupil, more particularly 
the graduate of a university ; one 
educated at a school, college, or 
university. 



alveolated (al-ve'o-la-ted), adj. with 
deep pits or cells resembling the 
honeycomb. 

always (awl'waz), adv. constantly; 
ever ; regularly at intervals ; con- 
tinually. 

am (am), 1st pers. sing, indie, mood 
of the verb to be. See be. 

amain (a-man'), adv. with force or 
violence ; suddenly ; at once. 

amalgam (a-mal'gam), n. any me- 
tallic mixture or alloy of which 
mercury is the chief constituent ; a 
mixture or compound of different 
things. 

amalgamate (a-mal'ga-mat), v.t. to 
alloy mercury with another metal ; 
mix to form a compound: v.i. to 
blend, combine, as one race with 
another. 

amalgamation ( a-mal-ga-ma'shun ) , 
n. the act or process of compound- 
ing mercury with another metal ; 
the separation of precious metals 
from the mother-rock by means of 
quicksilver; the blending or mixing 
of different elements or things ; the 
union or consolidation of two or 
more companies or businesses into 
one concern. 

amalgamator (a-marga-ma-ter), n. 
one who or that which amalgamates ; 
a machine for purifying ore con:- 
taining precious metals by amalga- 
mation with mercury ; one who 
takes an active part in combining 
two or more businesses. 

amanuensis (a-man-ti-en'sis), w. [pi. 
amanuenses (-sez)], one who is 
employed to write at the dictation 
or direction of another ; a secre- 
tary. 

amaranth (am'a-ranth), n. an im- 
aginary flower said by poets to be 
unfading; a plant of the genus am- 
arantus ; a color-mixture in which 
magenta is the chief ingredient. 

amaranthine (am-a-ran'thin), adj. 
pertaining to the amaranth ; never- 
fading, like amaranth ; purplish. 

amass (a-mas'), v.t. to collect into a 
heap ; gather together in great quan- 
tity or amount ; accumulate. 

ama'ssment (a-mas'ment), n. the act 
of amassing; a heap or accumula- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



37 



amb 



tion ; a great quantity or number 
brought together. 

amateur (am'a-ttir & am-a-ter') n. 
one who cultivates an art or pur- 
sues a study from love or attach- 
ment, and without reference to gain 
or emolument : adj. applied to the 
work or productions of an amateur 
as opposed to professional. 

amative (am'a-tiv), adj. amorous; 
full of love. 

amativeness ( am'a-tiv-nes ) , n. the 
tendency to love ; the desire for 
sexual intercourse. 

amatorial (am-a-tor'i-al), adj. per- 
taining to love ; amatory ; pertain- 
ing to the oblique muscles of the eye 
used in ogling. 

amatorially (-li), adv. in an ama- 
torial manner. 

amatory (am'a-to-ri), adj. relating 
to or expressive of love. 

amaurosis (am-aw-ro'sis), n. loss or 
decay of sight due to partial, period- 
ic, or complete paralysis of the 
optic nerve. 

amaurotic (am-aw-rot'ik), adj. re- 
lating to, or affected with, amauro- 
sis. 

amaze (a-maz'), v.t. to confound or 
stun with fear, surprise, or won- 
der ; astonish : n. astonishment ; 
confusion ; perplexity. 

amazement (a-maz'ment), n. the 
state of being amazed ; astonish- 
ment ; perplexity arising from sud- 
den surprise. 

ambassador (am-bas'a-der), n. an 
accredited representative of a sov- 
ereign or state at the court of an- 
other ; a diplomatic agent of high 
rank ; a representative or agent of 
another charged with a special mis- 
sion. 

ambassador-extraordinary (-eks- 
tra-6r'din-a-ri), n. an ambassador 
sent on a special mission. 

ambassador-plenipo tentiary 
(-plen-i-po-ten'shi-a-ri), n. an am- 
bassador sent with full powers to 
make a treaty. 

ambassadorial ( am-bas-a-dor'i-al ) , 
adj. belonging to an ambassador, or 
to his office. 



ambassadress (am-bas'a-dres), n. 
the wife of an ambassador ; a fe- 
male ambassador. 

amber (am'ber), n. a yellowish fos- 
sil resin found on the shores of the 
Baltic : adj. made of amber ; amber- 
colored. 

ambergris (am'ber-gres), n. a mor- 
bid secretion from the intestines of 
the sperm-whale, usually found 
floating in tropical seas : used in 
perfumery. 

ambidexter (am-bi-deks'ter), adj. 
using both hands equally : n. a man 
of unusual dexterity. 

ambidextrous (am - bi-deks'trus) , 
adj. able to use both hands alike; 
unusually clever. 

ambient (am'bi-ent), adj. surround- 
ing ; investing. 

ambiguity (am-bi-gu'i-ti), n. [pi. 
ambiguities (-tiz)], double or du- 
bious signification ; vagueness. 

ambiguous (am-big'ti-us), adj. 
doubtful ; equivocal. 

ambit (am'bit), n. a circuit or com- 
pass ; the line or sum of the lines 
by which a figure is bounded; the 
perimeter. 

ambition (am-bish'un), n. a seeking 
for preferment ; a consuming desire 
to achieve some object or purpose, 
as to gain distinction, influence, &c. 

ambitious (am-bish'us), adj. having 
ambition ; aspiring. 

amble (am'bl), v.i. to move with a 
peculiar pace, as a horse, by lifting 
the two feet on one side together : n. 
at an easy pace. 

amblyopia (am'bli-o-pi-a) or am- 
blyopy (-pi), n. dimness of vision. 

amboyna-wood (am-boi'na-wood), 
n. a beautifully mottled and curled 
wood used in cabinet-work. 

ambrosia (am-bro'-zhi-a), n. any- 
thing exquisitely pleasing to taste 
or smell ; a genus of weeds allied to 
wormwood. 

ambrosial (am-bro'zhi-al), adj. di' 
vinely delicious ; fragrant. 

ambrosially (-li), adv. with ambro- 
sial fragrance. 

ambrotype (am'bro-tip), n. a pho- 
tographic process by which the light 
parts of a photograph are produced 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 



amb 



38 



in silver, the dark parts showing as 
a background through the clear 
glass. 

ambulance (am'bti-lans), n. a field 
hospital; an ambulance cart or 
wagon for the conveyance of the 
sick and wounded. 

ambulant (am'bu-lant), adj. walk- 
ing ; moving about. 

ambulation (am-bii-la'shun), n. the 
act of walking about. 

ambulator (am'bu-la-ter), n. a 
walker ; a pedometer. 

ambulatory (am'bu-la-to-ri), adj. of 
or pertaining to walking; movable; 
temporary : n. a place for walking 
in ; a covered way. 

ambuscade (am-bus-kad'), n. a 
strategic disposition of troops in 
ambush. 

ambush (am'boosh), n. a lying in 
wait to attack by surprise : v.t. to 
place in ambush to surprise an 
enemy ; waylay : v.i. to lie in wait 
for the purpose of attacking by 
surprise. 

ameer (a-mer'), n. a prince; govern- 
or ; the Mohammedan ruler of Af- 
ghanistan. Also written amir, emir. 

ameliorable (a-me'li-or-a-bl), adj. 
capable of improvement. 

ameliorate (a-me'li-or-at), v.t. to 
make better : v.i. to grow better ; 
improve. 

amelioration (a-me-li-or-a'shun),^ n. 
the making or growing better ; im- 
provement. 

ameliorative (a-me'li-or-a-tiv), ad}. 
producing amendment ;_ improving. 

ameliorator (a-me'li-or-a-ter), n. 
one who amends. 

amen (a-men' & a'men'), adv. verily: 
interj. so be it. 

amenability (a-me-na-bil'i-ti) or 

amenableness ( a-me'na-bl-nes ) , 

n. liability to answer (to a charge, 

' &c. ) ; tractableness ; responsibility. 

amenable (a-me'na-bl), adj. easy to 
lead ; submissive ; liable. 

amend (a-mend'), v.t. to free from 
fault ; improve ; correct. 

amendatory (a-men'da-tor-i), n.adj. 
tending to amend. 

amende-bonorable (a-mangd-on'or- 
a-bl), n. a public apology and repa- 
ration ; a punishment formerly in- 



flicted in France on traitors and the 
sacrilegious. 

amendment (a-mend'ment), n. the 
removal of faults ; the alteration of 
a bill before Parliament ; a counter- 
motion at a public meeting. 

amends (a-mendz'), n. pi. compensa- 
tion for loss or injury ; reparation. 

amenity (a-men'i-ti) , n. [pi. amen- 
ities (-tiz)], pleasantness, as of 
climate or demeanor ; geniality. 

amenorrboea (a-men-or-re'a), n. en- 
tire or partial suppression of the 
' menses. 

amentia (a-men'shi-a), n. want of 
reason ; mental imbecility. 

amerce (a-mers'), v.t. to punish by 
an arbitrary fine. 

amerceable ( a-mer'sa-bl ), »(?;'. liable 
to be amerced. 

amercement (a-mers'ment), n. an 
arbitrary fine left to the discretion 
of a court. 

Amei'ican (a-mer'i-kan), adj. be- 
longing to, or characteristic of, 
America. 

Americanism (a-mer'i-kan-izm), n. 
a form of expression peculiar to the 
United States ; a custom peculiar 
to the United States or America ; 
attachment to the United States. 

Americanize (a-mer'i-kan-iz), v.t. to 
render American ; assimilate to the 
political institutions of the United 
States. 

amethyst (am'e-thist), n. a violet- 
purple variety of quartz or rock- 
crystal. 

amethystine (am-e-this'tin), adj. 
containing, composed of, or colored, 
like amethyst. 

amiability (a-mi-a-bil'i-ti), n. ami- 
ableness ; excellence of disposition ; 
lovableness. 

amiable (a'mi-a-bl), adj. friendly; 
worthy of love ; lovable. 

amicable (am'i-ka-bl), adj. friend- 
ly ; peaceable. 

amice (am'is), n. a square of white 
linen formerly worn on the head, 
but now worn about the neck and 
shoulders, by celebrant priests while 
saying Mass. 

amid (a-mid') or amidst ('st), 
prep, in the middle of ; among. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon,^ 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ami 



39 



amp 



amidships (a-mid'ships), adv. in the 
middle of a ship. 

amir. See ameer. 

amiss (a-mis'), adj. wrong; faulty: 
adv. wrongly ; that misses the mark. 

amity (am'i-ti), n. friendly rela- 
tions ; friendship. 

ammonia (a-mo'ni-§.), n. a trans- 
parent, pungent volatile gas, used in 
medicine and the arts ; spirits of 
hartshorn. 

amimoiiiac (a-mo'ni-ak), adj. per- 
taining to ammonia : n. sal am- 
moniac; chloride of ammonium, 
formerly called muriate of ammonia. 

ammonite (am'on-it), n. a fossil 
shell, twisted like a ram's horn ; 
snake-stone. 

ammunition (am-ti-nish'un), n. 
powder, balls, &c., used in charging 
firearms of all kinds ; military 
stores : adj. supplied to troops as 
equipment, &c. 

amnesia (am-ne'si-a), n. loss of 
memory. 

amnesty (am'nes-ti), n. an act of ob- 
livion for political offenses ; a gen- 
eral pardon : v.t., p.t. & p.p. amnes- 
tied, p.pr. amnestying, to grant par- 
don to. 

amnion (am'ni-on), n. the thin in- 
nermost membrane surrounding the 
foetus of mammals, birds, and rep- 
tiles. 

amoeba (a-me'ba), n. [pi. amoebas 
('baz) & -bee ('be)], a genus of mi- 
croscopic organisms, consisting of a 
mass of protoplasm which moves 
about in fresh-water ponds by 
means of finger-like processes with 
wkich it grasps its food. 

among ( a-mung' ) or amongst ( 'st ) , 
prep. & adv. mixed with ; sur- 
rounded by ; amidst. 

amorous (am'or-us), adj. fond of the 
opposite sex : loving. 

amorphism (a-m5r'fizm), n. want of 
regular form ; without crystalline 
structure ; the communistic system 
of Bakunin, the Russian anarchist ; 
Nihilism. 

amorphous (a-m5r'fus), adj. form- 
less ; irregularly shaped ; uncrystal- 
lized ; anomalous ; unorganized. 



amount (a-mount'), v.i. to mount up 
to ; be equivalent or equal to : n, 
the totality ; sum. 

amour (a-moor'), n. a love-intrigue. 

ampere (am-par'), n. the unit of 
measurement of the strength of an 
electrical current. 

ampere-meter (am-par'me-ter) or 
amperometer ( am-pe-rom'e-ter ) , 
n. an instrument for measuring in 
amperes the power of an electric 
current. 

Amphibia (am-fib'i-a), n.pl. the 
fourth division of vertebrates, in- 
termediate between fishes and rej)- 
• tiles, which in their early state 
breathe by gills. 

amphibian (am-fib'i-an), n. cue of 
the Amphibia. 

amphibious (am-fib'i-us), adj. hav- 
ing the powei* of living both on land 
and in water. 

amphibrach (am'fi-brak), n. a foot 
of three syllables, the middle long, 
the first and last short. 

amphioxus (am-fi-ox'us), n. the 
name of the lancelet, a fish with a 
body tapering at both ends, the low- 
est in orgajTiization of the verte- 
brates. 

amphitheater, -re (am-fi-the'a- 
ter), n. a double theater; a theater 
with seats all round the arena; a 
circus. 

amphitype (am'fi-tip), n. sl photo- 
graphic process which simultaneous- 
ly produces negatives and positives. 

amphora (am'for-a), n. [pi. am- 
phorae (-re)], a two-handled vessel 
of oblong shape, used by the an- 
cients for holding wine, &c. ; a 
Greek and Roman liquid measure, 
the former = 9 gals., the latter 
= 6 gals. 

ample (am'pl), adj. full; large; 
abundant. 

ampliative (am'pli-a-tiv), adj. en- 
larging; synthetic. 

amplification (am-pli-fi-ka'shun), 
n. the act of amplifying or expand- 
ing ; enlargement. 

amplify (am'pli-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p» 
amplified, p.^r. amplifying], to make 
large : v.i. to speak or write diffuse- 
ly ; expand. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon^ 
book; hue, hut; think, ^7i-en. 



amp 



40 



ana 



amplitude (am'pli-tud), n. the 
angular distance of a celestial body 
at rising or setting from the east- 
ern or western points of the hori- 
zon ; an angle on which the value 
of some mathematical function de- 
pends ; the distance which a particle 
moves in performing a complete vi- 
bration. 

amply (-li), adv. in an ample man- 
ner ; liberally. 

ampulla (am-pul'la), n. \_pl. am- 
pullae (-le)], an ancient vessel 
which contained unguents for the 
bath ; a drinking vessel ; a vessel for 
consecrated oil or chrism used ^ in 
Church rites, and at the coronation 
of sovereigns. 

amputate (am'pu-tat), v.t. to lop off 
in pruning ; to cut off a limb ; dis- 
member. » 

amiputation ( am-pu-ta'shun ) , n. a 
cutting off ; the operation of cutting 
off a limb. 

am.t (amt), n. the largest territorial 
administrative division of Norway 
and Denmark. 

amt-man (-man), n. [pi. -men], the 
principal executive official of an 
amt. 

amuck (a-muk'), adj. or adv. (used 
only in the phrase, to run amuck) 
running about armed, in a state of 
frenzy, attacking all that come in 
the way, or committing indiscrimi- 
nate slaughter. 

am.ulet (am'u-let), n. a charm worn 
to protect against evil ; a talisman. 

amuse (a-mtiz'), v.t. to occupy the 
attention pleasantly ; beguile ; en- 
tertain ; divert. 

amLUsement (a-muz'ment), n. that 
which amuses ; a pastime. 

amusively (a-mti'ziv-li), adv. in an 
amusive manner. 

amygdaliu (a-mig'da-lin), n. white 
crystalline substance obtained from 
the kernels of almonds. 

amyl (am'il), n. the hypothetical al- 
cohol radical of many chemical 
compounds. 

amylaceous (am-i-la'shus), adj. 
starchy. 

amiylene (am'i-len), n. a hydrocarbon 
obtained by the removal of water 
from amyl alcohol. 



amy lie (a-mil'ik), adj. of or per- 
taining to amyl. 

an (an), indef. art. any; each. [An 
is properly an adj., and is used be- 
fore nouns of the singular number 
only ; also before a word having an 
initial vowel and silent h (See H). 
An has a distributive force in such 
expressions as "once an hour" ; "a 
dime an ounce."] 

ana (a'na), ipl. anas ('naz)], a col- 
lection of notable sayings, literary 
gossip, anecdotes, &c., as Shakes- 
periana, boxiana. 

anachronism (an-ak'ron-izm), n. 
an error in the order of time, hence 
any error in the misplacement of 
persons or events in point of time. 

anachronistic (an-ak-ron-is'tik), 
adj. out of date. 

anaconda (an-a-kon'da), n. the spe- 
cific name of a large South Amer- 
ican boa, and loosely applied to any 
large snake which crushes its prey. 

anadromous (a-nad'ro-mus), adj. 
ascending from the sea to fresh- 
water rivers to deposit spawn, as 
the salmon, &c. ; tending upwards : 
said of ferns. 

ansemia, anemia (a-ne'mi-a), n. de- 
ficiency or low condition of the 
blood. 

anaesthesia, anesthesia (an-es- 
the'si-a), n. a condition of insensi- 
bility to pain, combined with loss of 
the sense of touch, produced by 
anaesthetics. 

anaesthetic. See anesthetic. 

anaglyph (an'a-glif), n. a work of 
art carved in relief, as distinguished 
from intaglio. 

anaglyphic ( an'a-glif 'ik) or ana- 
glyptic (-glip'tik), adj. relating 
to anaglyphs, or the art of decora- 
tion in relief. 

anaglyphy (an-ag'li-fi), n. the art of 
producing sculpture, or ornamenta- 
tion, in relief. 

anaglyptograph (an-a-glip'to-graf ) , 
n. an instrument by which a medal- 
lion-engraving of any object in relief 
can be made. 

anaglyptographic (an - a-glip'to- 
graf'ic), adj. relating to the produc- 
tion of engravings in relief. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



41 



> 



I 



anaglyptography ( an-a-glip-tog'ra- 
fi), n. the art of reproducing relief- 
work on paper. 

anagram (an'a-gram), n. a word or 
a sentence constructed out of anoth- 
er by the transposition of the letters 
contained in the second ; a word ob- 
tained by reading the letters of an- 
other word backwards. 

anagrammatic (an-a-gram-mat'ik) 
or anagraminatical ('i-kal), adj. 
relating to, or forming an ana- 
gram. 

anagraxnmatically (-11), adv. in 
the style of an anagram. 

anagr ammatize ( an-a-gram'ma-tiz ) , 
v.t. to make into an anagram : v.i. 
to construct anagrams. 

anal (a'nal), adj. relating to the 
anus ; situated near to the anal ori- 
fice. 

analect (an'a-lekt), n. [pi. analects 
(-lekts) & analecta (-ta)], a pas- 
sage or extract from a published 
work : pi. B. collection of such ex- 
tracts from different authors. 

analectic (an-a-lek'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or composed of, selections 
,from other works. 

analgesia (an-al-je'si-a), n. the in- 
sensibility to pain in any part of the 
body. Called also analgia. 

analgesic (an-al-jes'ik), adj. that al- 
lays pain : n. an anodyne. 

analgetic (an-al-jet'ik), adj. per- 
taining to analgesia ; insensible to 
pain ; painless. 

analogical (an-a-loj'i-kal ),«(?/. bear- 
ing reference ; having relation or re- 
semblance. 

analogically (-li), adv. by way of 
analogy. 

analogism (a-naro-jism), n. a rea- 
soning from the cause to the effect ; 
study and examination of matters 
and things by reference to their 
analogies, 

analogist (a-nal'o-jist), n. one who 
reasons from the standpoint of 
analogy. 

analogize (a-nal'o-jiz), v.t. to rea- 
son or expound by reference to anal- 
ogy : v.i. to treat or investigate by 
use of analogy. 

analogous (a-nal'o-gus), adj. pos- 



sessing points of analogy ; linked by 
resemblance ; similar. 

analogue (an'a-log), n. an object 
which bears analogy to something 
else ; a part which corresponds with 
another in structure, function, or 
other relations. 

analogy (a-nal'o-ji), n. [pi. analo- 
gies (-jiz) ], agreement, resemblance, 
or correspondence in relations be- 
tween different objects ; the infer- 
ence as to general agreement which 
is derived from similarity in certain 
essential particulars ; equality of 
mathematical ratios ; conformity of 
its parts to the general rules and 
structures of a language. 

analysis (a-nal'i-sis), n. [pi. analy- 
ses (-sez) ], the resolution of a com- 
pound into its constituent parts; the 
method of determining the nature 
of a compound by resolution into its 
constituent parts ; the resolving of 
problems by reducing the conditions 
that are in them to equations; a 
synopsis. 

analyst (an'a-list), w. one who is 
skilled in analysis ; one skilled in 
the resolution of chemical com- 
pounds. 

analytic (an-a-lit'ik) or analytical 
(-i-kal), a (Zy. relating to, or charac- 
terized by, the method of analysis. 

analytically (-al-li), adv. in the 
manner or by means of analysis. 

analytics (an-a-lit*iks), n. pi. the 
science of analysis. 

analyzable (an'a-li-za-bl), adj. capa- 
ble of being resolved by, or that may 
be subjected to, analysis. 

analyze (an'a-liz), v.t. to separate or 
resolve ; determine the nature of a 
compound by resolution of its con- 
stituent parts. 

anapest or anapaest (an'a-pest), n. 
a foot comprising two short sylla- 
bles and one long syllable. 

anaplasty (an-a-plas'ti), n. the re- 
pairing of wounds by the trans- 
plantation of adjacent healthy tis- 
sue. 

anarchic (an-ar'kik), or anarchic- 
al (-al), adj. of or pertaining to 
anarchy, or the theory of anarchism. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, th&n. 



I 



ana 



42 



ano 



anarcMsin (an'ar-kizm), n. lawless- 
ness ; confusion ; anarchy ; the doc- 
trines of the anarchists. 

anarchist (an'ar-kist), n. one who 
supports or promotes a scherae for 
anarchy, or upholds anarchy* as a 
social theory. 

anarchy (an'ar-ki), n. non-existence 
or incapability of governmental rule ; 
a lawless condition of society ; the 
theory of individual liberty. 

anarthrous (an-iir'thrus), adj. with- 
out the article ; destitute of joints ; 
without articulated limbs. 

anastrophe or anastrophy (a-nas'- 
tro-fe), n. an inversion of the se- 
quence of words in a sentence, as 
"echoed the hills," for "the hills 
echoed." 

anathema (a-nath'e-ma), n. [pi. 
anathemas (-maz)], the curse ac- 
companying excommunication pro- 
nounced by a religious assembly or 
convocation ; an imprecation or 
curse ; the thing or person held to 
be accursed. 

anathematize (a-nath'e-ma-tiz), v.t. 
to pronounce a decree of excommu- 
nication against : v.i. to curse. 

anatomical (an-a-tom'i-kal), adj. re- 
lating to, or according to, the laws 
of anatomy. 

anatomically (-li), adv. in an ana- 
tomical manner. 

anatomism (a-nat'o-mizm), n. ana- 
tomical analysis or structure ; anat- 
omy as the basis of life of organized 
bodies ; the explanation of vital phe- 
nomena by anatomical structure ; 
the application of the principles of 
anatomy, as in art. 

anatomist (a-nat'o-mist), n. one 
possessing a knowledge of anatomy 
derived from dissection. 

anatomize (a-nat'o-miz), v.t. to sep- 
arate by dissection and exhibit the 
relative position and structure of 
the parts of an animal or plant. 

anatomy (a-nat'o-mi), n. [pi. anato- 
mies (-miz)], separation by dissec- 
tion of the various parts of a body, 
with a view to the examination and 
determination of their structure and 
relations ; the art or science of dis- 



section ; a descriptive account of th© 
parts of an organic body ; a with- 
ered or emaciated person. 

anatripsis (an-a-trip'sis), n. mas- 
sage. 

ancestor (an'ses-ter), n. a forefather 
or progenitor, on the side of father 
or mother, from whom one is de- 
scended in direct line ; one who held 
previous possession. 

ancestral ( an-ses'tral ) , adj. belong, 
ing to, or connected with, one's an- 
cestors ; derived from one's progeni- 
tors ; lineal. 

ancestress (an'ses-tres), n, a female 
ancestor. 

ancestry (an'ses-tri), n. the line of 
one's descent traced from a period 
more or less remote ; the personages 
comprising such lineage ; lineage. 

anchor (ang'ker), n. an iron imple- 
ment of varying form, but generally 
having two curved and pointed arms 
terminating one end of a shank, to 
the other extremity of which is af- 
fixed a cable, used to secure a float- 
ing vessel to the bottom ; that on . 
which dependence is placed for se- 
curity or stability ; a metallic clamp 
securing a tie-rod connecting oppo- 
site walls : v.t. to afiix by an an- 
chor ; grapple ; hold fast. 

anchor-ice (ang'ker-is), n. ground- 
ice. 

anchorage (ang'ker-aj), n. a suita- 
ble or customary place for the an- 
choring of vessels ; the hold attained 
by an anchor ; harbor-dues for an- 
chorage in a port. 

anchoret (ang'kor-et) or anchor- 
ite (-it), n. one who voluntarily 
secludes himself from society and 
lives a solitary life devoted to re- 
ligious or philosophic meditation ; a 
recluse ; a hermit. 

anchovy (an-cho'vi), n. [pi. ancho- 
vies (-viz)], a diminutive fish 
abounding in the Mediterranean, 
and especially esteemed for its pe- 
culiar flavor, used for pickling and 
as a sauce. 

ancient (an'shent), adj. of or per- 
taining to the early history of the 
world ; of past times or remote 
ages ; of great age or antiquity : n. 
one who lived in ancient times ; pi. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



anc 



43 



ang 



the people of classic times ; the Jew- 
ish elders; the grrerning body of 
an Inn of Court : n. formerly a flag 
or ensign ; a ship's pennant. 

ancillary (an'sil-ar-i), adj. attend- 
ant upon ; accessory ; subservient. 

ancipital (an-sip'i-tal), adj. two- 
edged and sharp. 

ancon (ang'kon), n. [pi. ancones 
(-ez)], the upper extremity of the 
forearm or ulna;, the elbow; a 
bracket or project \)n for the sup- 
port of a cornice. 

and (and), conj. the copulative join- 
ing words and sentences. And is 
sometimes used emphatically by way 
of contrast, as "there are orators 
and orators," i.e. two very different 
kinds. 

andesite (an'de-sit), n. a silicate of 
alumina, soda, and lime. 

andirons (and'i-ernz), n.pl. metal 
standards used for open fires, to 
support the logs ; fire-dogs. 

andr oceplialus ( an-dro-sef 'a-lus ) , 
adj. having a human head, as a 
sphinx, &c. 

androgynous (an-droj'i-nous), adj. 
combining both sexes, or bearing 
both male and female organs ; her- 
maphroditical. 

androsphinx (an'dro-sfingks), n. a 
sphinx with the body of a lion and 
the head of a man. 

anecdotal ( an'ek-do-tal ) , adj. relat- 
ing to, or consisting of, anecdotes. 

anecdote (an'ek-dot), n. a brief nar- 
rative of an entertaining character ; 
a terse and pithy account of some 
detached incident, chiefly personal 
or biographical. 

anecdotic (an-ek-dot'ik) or anec- 
dotical ('i-kal), adj. relating to 
anecdotes. 

anecdotically (-li), adv. by anec- 
dotes. 

anelectric (an-e-lek'trik), adj. with- 
out the properties of electricity; 
non-electric : n. a conductor in con- 
tradistinction to an insulator. 

anelectrode (an-e-lek'trod), n. the 
positive pole of a galvanic battery. 

anemia. See anaemia. 

anemograph (a-nem'o-graf), n. an 
instrument for registering the force 
or direction of the wind. 



anemometer (an-e-mom'e-ter), n. a 
wind-gauge ; an instrument which 
indicates the pressure of the wind. 

anemone (a-nem'o-ne), n. [pi. anem- 
ones (-nez)], the wind-flower or 
wood-anemone ; a sea-anemone, a 
marine zoophyte. 

anemoscope (a-nem'o-skop), n. an 
apparatus for exhibiting the direc- 
tion of the wind. 

aneroid (an'e-roid), adj. having no 
liquid, as quicksilver : n. a barome- 
ter shaped like a watch, the action 
depending on the varying pressure 
of the atmosphere on the top of an 
elastic metal box. 

anesthesia. See anaesthesia. 

anesthetic or anaesthetic (an-es- 
thet'ik), adj. pertaining to loss of 
the sense of feeling : n. a drug 
which produces insensibility. 

anaesthetize (an-es'the-tiz), v.t. to 
bring under the influence of an an- 
aesthetic ; render insensible to pain. 

aneurism (an'u-rizm), n. a local 
swelling or dilation of an artery at 
a point where the coat is thinned or 
weakened by disease. 

anew ( a-nti' ) , adv. afresh ; over 
again ; in a new manner or style. 

angel (an'jel), n. a messenger of 
God ; one of an order of spiritual 
attendants who form a connection 
between heaven and earth, as from 
God to mankind ; a spirit of evil, as 
a fallen angel ; the presbyter in the 
Early Christian Church residing in 
some particular city (Rev. ii. 8) ; 
an English gold coin, value about 
10s., struck in the reign of Edward 
IV., and impressed with the figure 
of the archangel Michael. 

angel-fish (-fish), n. a species of 
shark with large pectoral fins, which 
give to it a winged appearance. 

angelic (an-jel'ik) or angelical! 
('i-kal), adj. belonging to or re- 
sembling an angel in nature or func- 
tion. 

angelus (an'je-lus), n. a devotional 
exercise in commemoration of the 
Incarnation, during which the Ave 
Maria is twice repeated : said morn- 
ing, noon, and night ; the bell which 
is rung to announce the time of 
such devotions. 



ate, arm, "<«k, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
L book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ftng 



44 



anger (ang'ger), n. excessive emotion 
or passion aroused by a sense of 
injury or wrong ; wrath : v.t. to pro- 
voke to resentment ; excite to 
wrath ; enrage. 

angina (an-ji'na & an'ji-na), n. an 
inflamed condition of the throat, as 
in quinsy, &cc. 

angina pectoris (pek'to-ris), n. a 
muscular spasm of the chest, very 
often accompanied by an aifection 
of the heart, and frequently fatal. 

angiology (an-ji-ol'o-ji), n. that 
branch of anatomy which treats of 
the blood-vessels and lymphatics. 

angle (ang'gl), n. the inclosed space 
near the point where two lines 
meet ; a sharp or projecting corner ; 
the inclination of two lines which 
meet at a point (the vertex). 

angle (ang'gl), v.i. to fish with a 
hook and line : v.t. to fish for. 

angler (ang'gler), n. one who fishes 
with rod and line ; a piscator ; the 
name of a fish furnished with fila- 
mentary appendages, which by their 
movement attract smaller fish on 
which it feeds. Also called fishing- 
frog and sea-devil. 

anglican (ang'gli-kan), adj. pertain- 
ing to England as a nation ; per- 
taining to the Church of England 
and churches in other countries in 
accord with it, and (popularly) to 
the High or Ritualistic section of 
the Anglican Church : n. a member 
of the Anglican Church ; a Ritualist. 

anglicanism (ang'gli-kan-izm), n. 
the principles and ritual of the 
Anglican Church. 

anglice (ang'gli-se), adv. according 
to the English language or manner. 

anglicism (ang'gli-sizm), n. a form 
of speech ; a principle or mannerism 
peculiar to England. 

anglicize (ang'gli-siz), v.t. to make 
or to render into English ; accord 
with English manners and customs. 

angling (ang'gling), n. the piscato- 
rial art ; the act of fishing with rod 
and line. 

Anglo-American ( ang'glo-a-mer'i- 
kan), adj. pertaining to England 
and the United States conjointly, 
as to commerce or population : n. an 
American citizen of English descent. 



Anglomania (ang'glo-man'i-a), «. 
a predilection carried to excess for 
everything that is English, in the 
sense of being peculiar to England. 

Anglophobia (-fo'bi-a), n. an in- 
tense aversion for or fear of every- 
thing English. 

Anglo-Saxon (-saks'un), adj. per- 
taining to the Saxon settlers in 
England prior to the Conquest, or 
to their language : n. one of the 
Saxon settlers in England as dis- 
tinguished from those on the Conti- 
nent : pi. the English race. 

angora (ang-go'ra), n. cloth made 
from Angora-wool. 

angora-cat (-kat), n. a cat of the 
domestic kind with long handsome 
hair. 

angora-'wool (-wool), n. the coat of 
the Angora goat, much esteemed for 
its long silky hair. 

angostura-bark (ang-gos-tu'ra 
bark), n. a bitter aromatic bark 
used for medicinal purposes. 

angry (ang'gri), adj. inflamed with 
anger ; provoked ; feeling resent- 
ment ; wrathful ; showing anger ; 
fierce ; inflamed. 

angrily ('gri-li), adv. in an angry 
manner. 

angriness (-ness), n. the state of 
being angry. 

anguish ( ang'gwish ) , n. intense pain 
or grief ; acute suffering, bodily or 
mental. 

angular (ang'gii-lar), adj. possess- 
ing an angle or angles ; sharp, bent, 
or cornered ; pointed, or full of 
points. 

angularity ( ang-gti-lar'i-ti ) , n. [pi. 
angularities (-tiz)], the quality of 
being angular in any sense. 

angulate (ang'gti-lat), adj. con- 
structed of angles; having the form 
of an angle. 

angustate (ang-gus'tat), adj. nar- 
row at the base and expanded at the 
top. 

ahydride (an-hi'drid), n. an oxygen 
compound formed by substituting an 
acid radical for the whole of the 
hydrogen in one or two molecules of 
water. 

anhydrite (an-hi'drit), n. anhydrous 
sulphate of lime. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



anil 



45 



anlc 



anliydrous (an-hi'drus), adj. with- 
out water : applied to minerals ^ in 
which the water of crystallization 
is not present. 

anil (an'il), n. the indigo plant. 

anile (an'il & 'il), adj. resembling 
an old woman ; aged ; old-womanish. 

aniline (an'i-lin), n. a base used in 
the formation of many rich dyes 
obtained from coal-tar, but more ex- 
tensively from benzole : adj. of or 
pertaining to aniline. 

anilism (an'il-izm), n. aniline poi- 
soning, caused by the inhalation of 
aniline vapors. 

anility (a-nil'i-ti), n. the state of 
being anile ; a condition of dotage. 

animadversion ( an-i-mad-ver'shun ) , 
n. the act of observing ; capacity for 
perception ; censure ; criticism ; 
stricture. 

animadversive ( an-i-mad-ver'si v ) , 
adj. possessing the faculty of obser- 
vation. 

animadvert (an-i-mad-vert'), vA. to 
give the mind to ; pass comment or 
stricture upon ; criticise. 

animal (an'i-mal), n. an organized 
living body, sentient, mobile, and 
locomotive ; an inferior being ; a 
brute : adj. of or belonging to ani- 
mals. 

animal-magnetism ( an'i-mal-mag'- 
net-izm), n. another name for mes- 
merism. 

animalcular (an-i-mal'ku-lar) or 
animalculine ( -lin ) , adj. of or re- 
lating to animalcules. 

animalcule (an-i-mal'kul), n. one 
of a class of minute or microscopic 
organisms abounding in water and 
infusions ; an infusorian. 

animalculist (an-i-markti-list), n. 
a specialist of animalcules. 

animalculum (an-i-mal'ku-lum), n. 
[pi. animalcula (-la)], a minute 
organism ; an animalcule. 

animalia ( an'i-ma-li-a ) , n.pl. the 
animal kingdom. 

animalism (an'i-mal-izm), n. the 
state of being animal, or actuated 
by animal instincts or appetites ; 
the theory w^aich regards mankind 
as merely animal ; sensuality. 

animalistic (an-i-mal-is'tik), adj. 



characterized by animal or sensual 
instincts. 

animality (an-i-mal'i-ti),**. the state 
or quality of being an animal, or 
possessing ^animal characteristics. 

animalization ( an-i-mal-i-za'shun ) , 
n. the act of making animal ; the 
process of becoming bestial. 

animalize (an'i-mal-iz), v.t. to make 
animal ; impart animal life, form, 
and attributes ; sensualize or bes- 
tialize ; convert into animal sub- 
stance by assimilation. 

animate (an'i-mat), v.t. to impart 
life to ; to inspire with energy or 
action ; enliven : adj. endowed with 
animal life ; full of spirit and vigor. 

animatingly (an'i-ma-ting-li), adv, 
so as to enliven or excite feeling. 

animation (an'i-ma'shun), n. the 
act of giving life or spirit ; the state 
of being animated ; vivacity. 

animative (an'i-ma-tiv), adj. that 
has power to impart life or spirit. 

animism (an'i-mizm), n. the theory 
of the existence of an immaterial 
principle or force inseparable from 
matter to which all life and action 
are attributable. 

animosity (an-i-mos'i-ti), n. [pL 
animosities (-tiz)], hostility; ha- 
tred ; active enmity. 

animus (an'i-mus), n. a hostile 
spirit, or purpose ; hostility. 

anion (an'i-on), n. the element in a 
body decomposed by voltaic action, 
which is evolved at the positive pole 
or anode. 

anise (an'is), n. the common name 
for a plant (indigenous in Egypt) 
yielding the aniseed of commerce. 

ankle (ang'kl), n. the joint or articu- 
lation connecting the foot with the 
leg. 

anklet (ang'klet), n. a diminutive 
ankle; an ornament or support for 
the ankle ; a fetter or shackle. 

ankylose (ang'ki-los), v.t. to consoli* 
date or join by bony growth ; stifOen 
as a joint : v.i. to grow together ; . 
become stiff. 

ankylosis (ang'ki-lo-sis), n. the join- 
ing or consolidation of parts for- 
merly or normally separate or mova- 
ble by means of bony growth. 



site, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, tliQU. 



auk 



46 



ankylotic (ang-ki-lot'ik), adj. per- 
taining to, or of the nature of 
ankylosis. 

annalist (an'al-ist), n. a compiler of 
annals. 

annals (an'alz), n.pl. a description, 
history, or chronicle issued from 
time to time, and comprising the 
events of each year in order of se- 
quence ; chronicles. 

anneal (an-nel')? "i^-t- to heat or fix 
by heat ; temper and render mallea- 
ble ; bake or fuse. 

annealing (an-ne'ling), n. the proc- 
ess of tempering, baking, fusing, or 
fixing. 

annex (an-neks'), v.t. to add or affix 
at the end ; subjoin or connect ; pur- 
loin : n. (an-neks' & an'neks), that 
which is added ; an addition. 

annexation (an-eks-a'shun), n. the 
act of annexing ; that which is an- 
nexed. 

annexationist (an-eks-a'shun-ist) , 
n. an advocate for, or promoter of, 
annexation. 

anniMlable ( an-nl'hi-la-bl ) , adj. ca- 
pable of annihilation. 

annihilate (an-ni'hi-lat), v.t. to re- 
duce to nothing ; wipe out of exist- 
ence ; destroy. 

annihilation (an-ni-hi-la'shun), n. 
the act of annihilating ; non-exist- 
ence. 

annikilationist ( an-m-hi-la'shun- 
ist), n. one who believes that eter- 
nal punishment consists of annihila- 
tion. 

anniversary (an-i-ver'sa-ri), n. [pi. 
anniversaries (-riz)],the recurrence 
in each year of the date of an event ; 
the annual commemoration of an 
event : adj. recurring once in every 
twelve months ; yearly. 

annotate (an'o-tat), v.t. to mark or 
note by way of explanation or criti- 
cism, as a book. 

annotation (an-o-ta'shun), n. the 
act of noting or commenting upon ; 
a note, remark, or criticism made 
in a book. 

annotator (an'6-ta-ter), n. one who 
annotates or writes remarks by way 
of comment or criticism upon the 
works of authors. 



announce (an-nouns'), v.t, to pro- 
claim or make known, formally, or 
in a public manner ; pronounce by 
judicial sentence ; proclaim. 

announcement (an-nouns'ment), n. 
the act of announcing ; that which 
is announced ; a proclamation. 

annoy (an-noi'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. -ed, 
p.pr. -ing], to vex or trouble by 
repeated acts ; harass or discompose 
by petty injury or opposition : v.i. 
to be troubled, vexed : n. the feeling 
of discomfort caused by an injury or 
vexation. 

annoyance (an-noi'ans), n. the act 
of annoying or causing vexation ; 
the state of being annoyed; the 
thing or act which annoys. 

annoyingly { sm-noV ing-li) , adv, in 
a vexatious manner. 

annual (an'ti-al), adj. once in twelve 
nionths ; yearly ; of or belonging to 
a year ; published once a year ; com- 
pleted in a year ; lasting or living 
only for a year or season, as an 
annual plant : n. an anniversary 
mass said for a deceased person; 
the fee paid for such a mass. 

annually (-li), adv. yearly; happen- 
ing, returning, or completed year by 
year. 

annuitant (an-nti'i-tant), n. one 
who is in receipt of, or is entitled to 
receive, an annuity. 

annuity (an-nu'i-ti), n. [pi. annui- 
ties (-tiz)], the payment of a sum 
of money by periodical or yearly 
installments. 

annul (an-nul'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. an- 
nulled, p.pr. annulling], to ,make 
void, abolish, or obliterate, as a law, 
decree, or compact. 

annular (an'u-lar), adj. ring-like; in 
the form of a ring or annulus : n. 
the ring -of light surrounding the 
moon's body in an annular eclipse 
of the sun. 

annulate (an'u-lat), adj. ringed; 
having ring-like bands or circles. 

annulation (an-u-la'shun), n. a 
ring-like formation. 

annulet (an'u-let), n. a little ring; 
a small fillet encircling a column. 

annulment (an-nul'ment), n. the 
act of reducing to nothing; aboli- 
tion ; invalidation. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



47 



ant 



annulosa (an-u-lo'sa), n. the annu- 
lose animals, as crustaceans, insects, 
worms. 

annulose (an'u-los), adj. composed 
of a succession of rings._ 

annunciate (an-nun'si-at), v.t. to 
make known officially or publicly ; 
announce. 

annunciation (an-nun-si-a'shun), n. 
the act of annunciating. 

Annunciation ( an-nun-si-a'shun ) , 
n. the Church festival (Lady-day, 
Mar. 25) commemorating the inti- 
mation of the Incarnation made by 
the angel Gabriel to the Virgin 
Mary (Luke i. 28-33). 

annunciator (an-nun'shi-a-ter), n. 
a signaling apparatus ; an indicator 
used in hotels, and connected with 
the bells and telephones, to show in 
which room attendance is required. 

anode (an'od), n. the path of the 
electric current from the positive to 
the negative pole ; the positive pole. 

anodyne (an'5-din), adj. assuaging 
pain : n. a drug which relieves pain. 

anoint (a-noint'), v.t. to pour oil 
upon, in a religious ceremony ; con- 
secrate. 

anomalistic (a-nom-a-lis'tik), adj. 
pertaining to the anomaly or angu- 
lar distance of a planet from its 
perihelion. 

anomalous (a-nom'a-lus), adj. de- 
viating from the common order ; ab- 
normal. 

anomaly (a-nom'a-li), n. deviation 
from the natural order ; the angular 
distance of a planet from its peri- 
helion. 

anon (a-non'), adv. soon; straight- 
way ; again._ 

anonym (an'o-nim), n. a person who 
remains nameless ; a pseudonym. 

anonymity (an-5-nim'i-ti), n. the 
state of being anonymous. 

anonymous (a-non'i-mus), adj. bear- 
ing no author's name ; nameless. 

another ( a-nuth'er ), ocZ;. & pron. one 
more ; not the same ; any other ; any 
or some one else_. 

anserine (an'ser-m), adj. relating to 
or resembling a goose ; stupid as a 
goose. 

ansxrer (an'ser), v.t. to swear in op- 
position to ; to reply to a charge ; a 



counterstatement : n. a response or 
rejoinder ; a reply to a charge ; a 
solution, as of a mathematical prob- 
lem. 

answerable (an'ser-a-bl), adj. liable 
to give answer ; responsible. 

ant (ant), n. a small social insect of 
the hymenopterous order. 

ant-bear ('bar), n. the name some- 
times given (from its likeness to a 
bear) to the great ant-eater of 
America ; the Cape ant-eater of 
South Africa. 

ant-eater ('e-ter), n. the name ap- 
plied to a group of quadrupeds 
which feed upon ants. 

ant-lion ('li-un), n. a neuropterous 
insect whose larva constructs a pit- 
fall for ants and other insects. 

antacid (ant-as'id), adj. counteract- 
ing acidity : n. a medicine which 
counteracts the formation of acids 
in the system. 

antagonism (an-tag'o-nizm), n. the 
active opposition of two opponents 
or opposing forces ; hostility. 

antagonist (an-tag'o-nist), n. a com- 
petitor in any sphere of action ; an 
opponent. 

antagonistic (an-tag-o-nis'tik), adj, 
acting in opposition ; opposed. 

antagonistically (-al-li), adv. in 
rivalry or opposition. 

antagonize (an-tag'o-niz), v.t. to op- 
pose ; hinder ; counteract ; _ contend 
against ; coApete with : v.i. to act 
in opposition ; neutralize. 

antarctic (ant-ark'tik), adj. opposite 
to arctic ; pertaining to the south- 
polar regions ; southern. 

antecede (an-te-sed'), v.t. to precede 
or go before in time or space. 

antecedence (an-te-se'dens) or an- 
tecedency ('den-si), n. preced- 
ence; the act or state of going be- 
fore ; priority. 

antecedent (an-te-se'dent), adj. pre- 
ceding : n. the substantive or noun 
to which a relative or other pro- 
noun refers ; the part of a condi- 
tional proposition upon which the 
other depends : pL the previous 
events of a person's life. 

antecedently (-li), adv. at a time 
preceding. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ant 



48 



ant 



antecessor (an-te-ses'er), n. one 
who goes before (in office). 

antechamber (an'te-cham-ber), n. 
an apartment next the principal 
room, where persons wait for audi- 
ence ; an outer room. 

antedate (an'te-dat), v.t. to carry 
back to an earlier period ; antici- 
pate: n. a date earlier than the ac- 
tual date. 

antediluvian ( an-te-di-lti'vi-an ) , 

adj. of or pertaining to the world 
before the Flood; belonging to very 
ancient times ; antiquated : n. one 
who lived before the Flood. 

antelope (an'te-lop), n. the name 
given to numerous species of deer- 
like ruminants, intermediate be- 
tween the deer and the goat, with 
cylindrical ringed horns. 

antemeridian ( an-te-me-rid'i-an ) , 
adj. preceding noon. 

antemetic (ant-e-met'ik), adj. allay- 
ing vomiting : n. a medicine possess- 
ing this property. 

antemundane (an-te-mun'dan), adj. 
before the creation of the world. 

antenatal ( an-te-na'tal ) , adj. before 
birth. 

antenna (an-ten'a), n. [pi. antennae 
('e)], the jointed horns or feelers 
upon the heads of insects and Crus- 
tacea. 

antenuptial ( an-te-nup'shal ) , adj. 
before marriage. 

antepaschal (an-te-pas'kal), adj. 
before Easter ; preceding the Jewish 
Passover. 

antepenult (an-te-pe-nulf) or an- 
tepenultima ( an-te-pe-nul'ti-ma ) , 
n. the last syllable but two of a 
word. 

antepenultimate ( an-te-pe-nul'ti- 
mat), adj. pertaining to the last but 
two : n. that which is last but two. 

anteprandial ( an-te-pran'di-al ) , adj. 
before dinner. 

anterior (an-ter'i-er), adj. more to 
the front ; former. 

anteriority (an-ter-i-or'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being anterior, especially 
in order of time; priority. 

anteroom (an'te-room), n. a room 
before^ or forming an entrance to, 
another ; an antechamber. 



antetemple (an'te-tem-pl), n. the 
portico of an ancient temple or 
church ; the narthex. 

anthelion (ant-he'- or an-the'li-on), 
n. [pi. anthelia (-a)], a halo or a 
colored ring or rings, opposite the 
sun, formed around the shadow of 
the head of the observer, as pro- 
jected on a cloud or moist surface. 

anthem (an'them), n. a composition 
from the Scriptures or liturgy set to 
sacred music. 

anther (an'ther), n, the summit of 
the stamen of a flower containing 
the pollen or fertilizing dust. 

antheroid (an'ther-oid), adj. having 
the form of an anther. 

anthocarpous (an-tho-kar'pus) ,adj, 
having a fruit formed from the 
ovaries of several flowers, as the 
pineapple. 

anthography (an-thog'ra-fi), n. the 
scientific description of flowers. 

anthological (an-tho-loj'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to an anthology ; consist- 
ing of beautiful extracts, more es- 
pecially of those from the poets. 

anthologist (an-thol'o-jist), n. one 
who compiles an anthology. 

anthology ( an-thol'o-ji ) , n. a collec- 
tion of choice poems, epigrams, and 
fugitive pieces by various authors; 
a hymnal. 

anthracene (an'thra-sen), n. a com- 
plex hydrocarbon obtained from coal- 
tar ; paranaphthalin. 

anthracite (an'thra-sit), n. a non- 
bituminous coal which burns with- 
out smoke ; blind-coal ; glance-coal ; 
stone-coal ; hard-coal. 

anthracitic (an-thra-sit'ik), adj. re- 
sembling, or of the nature of, an- 
thracite. 

anthras: (an'thraks), n. [pi. anthra- 
ces (-sez)], a carbuncle, or malig- 
nant boil ; the splenic fever of sheep 
and cattle, caused by the presence 
of a bacillus in the blood and tis- 
sues ; the carbuncular disease 
caused in man by inoculation from 
aifected sheep and cattle. 

anthropography (an-thro-pog'ra- 
6.) , n. that branch of anthropology 
which treats of the actual geograph- 
ical distribution of the human race, 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ant 



49 



an« 



and the local variations of its dif- 
ferent divisions. 

anthropoid (an'thro-poid), adj. re- 
sembling man : n. one of the higher 
apes resembling man. 

Anthropoidea (an-thro-poi'de-a), n. 
pi. a sub-order of primate mammals, 
including man, the apes, and 
monkeys. 

anthropological (an-thro-po-loj'i- 
kal), adj. relating to an anthropolo- 
gy. 

anthropologist (an-thro-pol'o-jist) , 
n. a student of anthropology. 

anthropology (an-thro-pol'o-ji), n. 
the science of man, considered zo- 
ologically or ethnographically. 

anthropometric ( an-thro-po-met'- 
rik), adj. relating to the measure- 
ment or proportions of the human 
body. 

anthropometrically (-al-li), adv. 
in an anthropological manner, or 
by means of anthropometry. 

anthropometry ( an-thro-pom'e-tri ) , 
n. the measurement of the human 
body ; the department of anthropol- 
ogy relating to such measurement 
of persons at various ages, and in 
different tribes, races, occupations, 
&c. 

anthropomorphic ( an-tiiro-po-m6r'- 
fik), adj. characterized by anthro- 
pomorphism ; resembling man. 

anthropomorphism (an-thro-po- 
mor-fizm), n. the ascription of a 
human form and attributes to the 
Deity, or to supernatural beings. 

anthropophagi ( an-thro-pof 'a-ji ) , 
n.pl. maneaters ; cannibals. 

anthropophagous ( an-thro-pof 'a- 
gus), adj. feeding on human flesh. 

antic (an'tik), adj. grotesque: n. a 
clown ; a trick ; a grotesque gesture. 

Antichrist (an'ti-krist), n. an op- 
ponent of Christ, especially the great 
personal opponent expected to ap- 
pear before the end of the world [I 
John ii. 221. 

antichristian (ae-ti-kris'chan), n. 
one _ who is an opponent of the 
Christian religion : adj. pertaining 
to Antichrist ; opposed to the Chris- 
tian religion. 

anticipant (an-tis'i-pant), adj. that 



which operates beforehand : n. one 
who looks forward. 

anticipate (an-tis'i-pat), v.t. to take 
beforehand ; use in advance ; look 
for as certain ; deal with before- 
hand : v.i. to treat of something be- 
fore the proper time. 

anticipation (an-tis-i-pa'shun), w. 
the act of taking beforehand ; ex- 
pectation ; hope ; preconception. 

anticipative (an-tis'i-pa-tiv), or 
anticipatory (-to-ri), adj. taking 
beforehand ; anticipating. 

anticlimax (an'ti-kli-maks), n. a 
ludicrous descent in thought and 
expression ; bathos. 

anticyclone (an'ti-sl-klon), n. a 
meteorological condition in which 
the ordinary features of a cyclone 
are reversed, i.e. the winds, which 
are light, flow from instead of to- 
wards the center. 

anticyclonic (an-ti-si-klon'ik), adj. 
pertaining to an anticyclone. 

antidotal (an'ti-do-tal), adj. of the 
nature or quality of an antidote. 

antidotally (-li), adv. in the man- 
ner of an antidote. 

antidote (an'ti-dot), n. a substance 
which acts medicinally as a coun- 
teractive to the effects of poison or 
disease ; that which annuls or tends 
to prevent the evil effects of any- 
thing else ; a remedy, 

antifat (an'ti-fat), adj. available for 
preventing or reducing fatness : n, 
a remedy against fatness. 

antifebrile ( an-ti-f eb'ril ) , adj. capa- 
ble of allaying fever : n. a fever med- 
icine or antipyretic. 

antifebrine ( an-ti-f eb'rin), n. acet- 
anilide, used in medicine as an 
antipyretic. 

antimask (an'ti-mask), n. a species 
of drollery introduced as interlude 
between acts of more serious nature. 
Written also antimasque. 

antimasonic (an-ti-ma-son'ik), adj. 
opposed to the principles of free- 
masonry. 

antimonarchical ( an-ti-mo-nar'ki- 
kal), adj. opposed to monarchy. 

antimonial (an-ti-mo'ni-al), adj. 
pertaining to antimony ; composed 
of, or possessing the qualities of, 
antimony. 



ate, arm, 



at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



boon, 



ant 



50 



ant 



antimoniate (an-ti-mo'iii-at), n, a 
salt of antimonic acid. 

antimonic ( an-ti-mon'ik ) , or anti- 
monious ( an-ti-mo'ni-us ) , adj. re- 
lating to, composed of, or obtained 
from antimony. 

antimonite (an'ti-mo-nit), n. native 
sulphide of antimony. 

antimony (an'ti-mo-ni), n. a white 
lustrous metal, entering largely into 
medicinal preparations and various 
important alloys, such as pewter 
and Britannia-metal. 

antinomianism ( an - ti-no'mi-an- 
izm), n. the tenets of the Antino- 
mian sect. 

antinomy (an-tin'o-mi), n. [pi. an- 
tinomies (-miz)], the opposition of 
one law or part of a law to another. 

antiparallel ( an-ti-par'a-lel ) , adj. 
running parallel, but in an oppo- 
site direction : n. one of two or more 
lines making equal angles with two 
other lines, but in contrary order. 

antipathetic (an-ti-pa-thet'ik), or 
antipathetical ('i-kal), adj. pos- 
sessing a natural antipathy or 
aversion [with to]. 

antipathic (an-ti-path'ik), adj. per- 
taining to antipathy ; adverse ; op- 
posite. 

antipathy (an-tip'a-thi), n. [pi. an- 
tipathies (-thiz)], natural aversion; 
an instinctive dislike ; the object of 
aversion (followed in composition 
by to, against, between, and for). 

antiperiodic (an-ti-pe-ri-od'ik), adj. 
preventive of return in periodic or 
intermittent diseases : n. a medicine 
for periodic diseases. 

antiphlogistic (an - ti-flo-jis'tik) , 
adj. eflacacious in counteracting 
fever or inflammation : n. any rem- 
edy which serves to check inflamma- 
tory symptoms. 

antiphon (an'ti-fon), or anti- 
phone (-fon), n. a chant or hymn 
rendered alternately by two choirs, 
as in English cathedral services. 

antiphonal (an-tif'6-nal), adj. char- 
acterized by antiphony or respon- 
sive singing : n. a collection of an- 
tiphons. 

antiphonary (an-tif'o-nar-i), n. [pi. 
antiphonaries (-iz)], a book of re- 



sponses used in the services : adj. 
antiphonal, or responsive. 

antiphonetic (an-ti-fo-net'ik), adj. 
similar in sound ; applied to words 
which rhyme. 

antiphony (an-tif'o-ni), n. [pi, an- 
tiphonies (-niz)], the alternate or 
responsive rendering of psalms or 
chants by a dual choir ; a musical 
setting of sacred verses arranged 
for alternate singing. 

antiphrasis (an-tif'ra-sis), n. the 
employment of a word, or words, 
in a sense contrary to its, or their, 
true meaning. 

antipodal (an-tip'o-dal), adj. per- 
taining to the antipodes ; opposite 
or extreme. 

antipode (an'ti-pod), n. [pi. antip- 
odes (an-tip'o-dez) ], one who re- 
sides on the opposite side of the 
earth ; that which is directly oppo- 
site to another, 

antipodean (aa-tip-o-de'an), adj. 
belonging to the antipodes : n. one 
who resides on the opposite side of 
the earth. 

antipodes (an-tip'6-dez), n. pi. those 
who, residing at opposite sides of 
the globe, have their feet directly 
opposed ; the two portions of the 
earth's surface which are exactly 
opposite to each other ; the direct 
opposite of a person or thing. 

antipyretic (an-ti-pi-ret'ik), adj, 
preventive of, or remedial to, fever : 
n. a remedy of such nature. 

antipyrin (an-ti-pi'rin), w. a drug, 
obtained from coal-tar, employed 
for the relief of neuralgia, nervous 
headaches, and reduction of heat in 
fevers. 

antiquarian (an-ti-kwar'i-an), adj. 
pertaining to antiquaries or to an- 
tiquity : n. an antiquary. 

antiquarianism ( an-ti-kwar'i-an- 
izm), n. the attachment to what is 
old or antiquated which character- 
izes the antiquary ; the study or col- 
lecting of antiquities. 

antiquary (an'ti-kwar-i), n. one 
who is attached to ancient things, 
and is learned in their history ; one 
who collects antiquities for the pur- 
pose of study. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book : hue, hut ; think, then. 



!g/P<; 



51 



any 



antiquated (an'ti-kwa-ted), p.adj. 
grown old ; old-fashioned ; obsolete ; 
ancient. 

antique (an-tek'), adj. of or belong- 
ing to a former age; ancient: n, 
something of great age; a relic of 
antiquity. 

antiqueness (-nes), n. the quality 
of being ancient, or having the ap- 
pearance of antiquity. 

antiquity (an-tik'wi-ti), n. Ipl. an- 
tiquities (-tiz)], great age; ancient- 
ness ; early ages ; the people or races 
of ancient times ; that which be- 
longed to, or survives from, ancient 
times ; a relic. 

antiscorbutic (an-ti-sk6r-bu'tik>, 
adj. & n. counteractant or remedial 
to scurvy. 

anti-Semite ( an-ti-sem'it ) , n. one 
who favors the social and political 
persecution of Jews. 

anti-Semitic (an-ti-sem-it'ik), adj. 
pertaining to, or characterized by, 
anti-Semitism. 

anti-Semitism (an-ti-sem'it-izm) , 
n. antagonism to the Jewish race. 

antisepsis (an-ti-sep'sis), n. the ex- 
clusion of bacteria from wounds, &c., 
by the use of antiseptics. 

antiseptic (an-ti-sep'tik), adj. de- 
structive to the germs of disease or 
putrefaction : n. a substance that 
acts as a preventive to putrefaction. 

antislavery ( an-ti-sla'ver-i ) , adj. 
opposed to slavery : n. opposition to 
slavery. 

antispasmodic (an-ti-spaz-mod'ik) , 
adj. counteractive to, or curative of, 
spasms : n. a medicine having such 
an effect. 

antisplenetic (an - ti-sple-net'ik) , 
adj. of use remedially in diseases of 
the spleen : n. a medicine for spleen 
diseases. 

antistrophe (an-tis'tro-fe), n. in the 
ancient Greek chorus, the alternat- 
ing part immediately following the 
strophe and sung in moving to the 
right, the strophe having been sung 
when moving to the left. 

antithesis (an-tith'e-sis), n. ]_pl. an- 
titheses (-sez)], opposition; con- 
trast ; expression by contrast or op- 
position of words or sentiments. 

antithetic (an-ti-thet'ik), or an- 



tithetical (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
of the nature of, or containing an- 
tithesis. 

antitoxin ( an-ti-toks'^n7 , n. a se- 
rum used hypodermically as a pre- 
ventive of, or cure for, diphtheria. 

antitrade (an'ti-trad), n. a tropical 
wind blowing steadily in an oppo- 
site direction to the trade wind. 

antitype (an'ti-tip), n. that which 
preceded the type, and of which the 
type is the prefigurement or repre- 
sentation. 

antitypical (an-ti-tip'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to, or of the nature of, 
an antitype. 

antizymotic (an-ti-zl-mot'ik), adj. 
preventing fermentation: n. the 
agent so used. 

antler (ant'ler), n. the individual 
branches of a stag's horns ; the 
horn in its complete condition. 

antonym (an'to-nym), n. a word 
meaning the opposite of some other 
word ; as unhappy is the antonym 
of happy. 

anurous (a-nu'rus), adj. having the 
character of the Anura, as the frogs 
and toads, which are tailless when 
adult. 

anus (a'nus), n. the terminal portion 
of the rectum ; the excremental ori- 
fice. 

anvil (an'vil), n. an iron block used 
for the hammering and shaping of 
metals. 

anxiety (ang-zi'e-ti), n. {pi. anxie- 
ties (-tiz)], a condition of mental 
uneasiness arising from fear or solic- 
itude. 

anxious (ang'shus), adj. deeply con- 
cerned ; very solicitous ; apprehen* 
sive. 

any (en'i), adj. & pron. one, indeter- 
minately, unlimited ; some, an indef- 
inite number, quantity, or degree : 
adj. one indefinitely; {pi.) some: 
pron, one; anyone; {pi.) some: 
adv. to any extent ; at all ; in any 
degree (used with comparatives, as 
any better). 

anybody (-bod-i), n. any person; 
some one of importance. 

anyhow (-hou), adv. in any way or 
manner ; in any case ; at any rate. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon^ 
book; hue, hut; think, ^/*en. 



any 



52 



ape 



any tiling (-thing), n, any object as 
distinguished from apersonffi aught ; 
with as or like, as "It rains like 
anything." 

anyway (-wa), adv. in any manner. 

anywhere (-hwar), adv. in any 
place. 

any- whither (-hwii^'er), adv. to or 
towards any place. 

any- wise (-wiz), adv. in any way or 
manner ; anyhow. 

aorta (a-6r'ta), n. [pi. aortse (-te)], 
the chief artery or main trunk of 
the arterial system, opening from 
the left ventricle of the heart and 
supplying all parts of the body, ex- 
cepting the lungs, with arterialized 
blood. 

aortic (a-6r'tik), adj. pertaining to 
the aorta. 

aortitis (a-6r-ti'tis), n. inflamma- 
tion of the aorta. 

aoudad (a'ti-dad), n. a sheep-like 
animal of North Africa, somewhat 
resembling the chamois. 

apace (a-pas'), adv. quickly; at a 
quick pace ; speedily. 

apart (a-part'), adv. separately; 
aside ; asunder. 

apartment (a-part'ment), n. a room 
or part of a divided building : pi. 
a set or suite or two or more rooms 
of a house set apart as lodgings. 

apathetic (ap-a-thet'ik), or apa- 
thetical (-al), adj. devoid of, or 
insensible to, feeling or emotion. 

apathetically (-li), adv. in an apa- 
thetical manner. 

apathy (ap'a-thi), n. [pi. apathies 
(-thiz)], lack of feeling; want of 
passion or emotion; indifference. 

apatite (ap'a-tit), n. a crystalline 
phosphate of lime. 

Bpe (ap), n. a tailless monkey hav- 
ing teeth in number and appear- 
ance as man ; a silly mimic ; a fool. 
The family of the apes includes the 
gorilla, chimpanzee, orang-outang, 
&c. : v.t. to imitate servilely ; mimic, 
as an ape. 

apeak (a-pek'), adv. nearly vertical 
in position. 

aperient (a-per'i-ent), adj. gently 
laxative ; opening the bowels : n. a 
mild laxative medicine. 



aperiodic (a-per-i-od'ik), adj. with- 
out periodicity. 

aperture (ap'er-ttir), n. an opening; 
a perforation or passage ; the spact 
between two intersecting right lines : 
the diameter of the exposed part of 
the object-glass of a telescope or 
other optical instrument. 

apetalous (a-pet'a-lus), adj. without 
petals or corolla. 

apex (a'peks), n. [pi. apices (ap'i- 
sez), & apexes (a'pekTsez) ], the 
point, tip, or summit of anything. 

aphagia (a-fa'ji-a), n. inability to 
swallow. 

aphasia (§.-fa'zi-a), n. loss of the 
power of speech, or the appropriate 
use of words, due to disease or in- 
jury of the brain. 

aphelion (a-fe'li-on), n. [pi. aphelia 
(-a)], that point in the orbit of a 
planet or a comet which is farthest 
from the sun. 

aphid (af'id), n. a plant-louse be- 
longing to the genus Aphis. 

aphides, pi. of Aphis. 

aphidian (a-fid'i-an), n. an aphid: 
adj. pertaining to the genus Aphis. 

Aphis (a'fis), n. [pi. Aphides (af'i- 
dez)], the genus of plant-suckers, 
to which the aphides belong; a 
member of the genus. 

aphorism (af'o-rizm), n, a concise 
and pithy statement of a rule or 
precept ; a maxim. 

aphthong (af 'thong), n. a letter or 
letters not sounded in a word. 

apiary (a'pi-a-ri), n. [pi. apiaries 
(-riz) ], a place where bees are kept ; 
a bee-house. 

apiece (a-pes'), adv. to or for each; 
each ; severally. 

apish (a'pish), adj. resembling an 
ape in manners ; foppish ; foolish. 

aplomb ( a-pl6ng' ) , n. self-possession ; 
assurance. 

Apocalypse (a-pok'a-lips), n. the 
last book of the New Testament. 

Apocalyptic (a-pok-a-lip'tik), or 
Apocalyptical ('ti-kal), adj. per- 
taining to or containing the Apoca- 
lypse. 

apocope (a-pok'e-pe), n. the cutting 
off or deletion of the last letter or 
syllable of a word. 



ftte, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



apo 



53 



apai 



apocrypha (a-pok'ri-fa), n.pl. used 
as a sing, with pi. apocryphas, 
(-faz), a writing, or something, of 
doubtful authorship ; certain writ- 
.ngs received by some Christians as 
an authentic part of the Holy Scrip- 
tures, but rejected by others, as 
Ecclesiasticus. 

apocryphal (a-pok'ri-fal), adj. of 
doubtful authority ; uncanonical ; of 
or pertaining to the apocrypha. 

apocryphally (-li), adv. in an 
apocryphal manner ; doubtfully. 

apod (ap'od), n. an animal without 
feet. 

apodosis (a-pod'o-sis), n. the lat- 
ter portion, or consequent clause, of 
a conditional sentence. 

apogean (ap-o-je'an), or apogeic 
('ik), adj. pertaining to the apogee. 

apogee (ap'o-je), n. that point in the 
orbit of a planet which is most dis- 
tant from the earth. 

apologetic (a-pol-o-jet'ik), or apol- 
ogetical ('i-kal), adj. in the way 
of defense or apology. 

apologetically (-li), adv. in an 
apologetic manner. 

apologetics (a-pol-o-jet'iks), n. the 
defense and vindication of the prin- 
ciples and laws of the Christian be- 
lief. 

apologist (a-pol'o-jist), or apolo- 
gizer (-ji-zer), n. one who apolo- 
gizes ; one who pleads in extenua- 
tion or defense of the actions or 
principles of another. 

apologize (a-poro-jiz), v.i. to make 
an apology or excuse ; to express re- 
gret or make amends for anything 
said or done, on one's own behalf or 
that of another : 'V.t. to write a de- 
fense of ; to defend. 

apologue (ap'o-log), n. a moral 
fable ; a fiction or allegory embody- 
ing a moral application, as ^sop's 
fables. 

apology (a-pol'o-ji), n. [pi. apolo- 
gies (-jiz)], a vindication or ex- 
cuse ; something spoken, written, or 
offered in defense or extenuation ; 
an explanation by way of amends. 

apophthegm. See apothegm. 

apoplectic (ap-o-plek'tik), or apo- 
plectical ('ti-kal), adj. pertaining 



to, or of the nature of, apoplexy ; 
aflaicted with apoplexy. 

apoplexy (ap'o-plek-si), n. the sud- 
den loss of consciousness and mo- 
tive power, resulting from cere- 
bral rupture. 

aport (a-port'), adv. on or towards 
the port or left side of a ship. 

apostasy (a-pos'ta-si), n. [pi. apos- 
tasies (-siz)], the forsaking or 
abandonment of what one has hith- 
erto professed or adhered to, as 
faith, principles, or party. 

apostate (a-pos'tat), n. one who has 
forsaken or apostatized his faith or 
party ; one who renounces his pro- 
fession after having been in holy 
orders: adj. false; traitorous; rene- 
gade. 

apostatical (ap-os-tat'i-kal), adj. re- 
bellious, in the manner of apostasy ; 
apostate. 

apostatize (a-pos'ta-tiz), v.i. to 
abandon one's faith, church, or 
party ; change one's religion for an- 
other. 

a posteriori (a-pos-te-ri-o'ri), rea- 
soning founded on observation of 
facts, effects, or consequences, by 
means of which the causes are 
reached. 

apostle (a-pos'l), n. one charged 
with a high mission ; one of the 
twelve persons specially selected by 
Christ to propagate His gospel 
(Luke vi. 13) ; one who performed 
apostolic functions, as St. Paul (I 
Cor. i. 1) ; the first missionary who 
plants the Christian faith in any 
region ; one who labors with special 
success as a moral or social re- 
former. 

Apostles' Creed (kred), n. the 
shortest of the tkree creeds, so 
named as containing a summary of 
apostolical doctrine. 

apostle-spoon (-spoon), n. a spooo 
having a figure of one of the Apos- 
tles at the top of the handle. 

apostolate (a-pos'to-lat), n. apostle- 
ship (now restricted to the dignity 
or office of the Pope). 

apostolic (ap-os-tol'ik), or apos- 
tolical (-'i-kal), adj. & n. of or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



apo 

pertaining to an apostle or apostles, 
and their age, doctrine, or practice ; 
papal. 

apostolical succession (suk-sesb'- 
un), n. the regular and uninter- 
rupted transmission of ministerial 
authority by bishops from the 
Apostles. 

apostroplie (a-pos'tro-fe), n. a 
breaking olf in a speech to address 
directly a person or persons who 
may or may not be present ; the 
omission from a word of one or 
more letters, such omission being 
indicated by the sign (') ; the sign 
(') so employed in writing or print- 
ing. 

apostropliic (ap-o-strof'ik), adj. 
pertaining to, or of the nature of, 
an apostrophe. 

apostrophize (a-pos'tro-fiz), v.t. to 
address by apostrophe ; omit a let- 
ter or letters ; mark an omission by 
the sign (') : v.i. to make an apos- 
trophe or short digressive address 
in speakingc 

apothecary (a-poth'e-ka-ri), n. [pi. 
apothecaries (-riz)], one who pre- 
pares and dispenses medicines and 
drugs for profit ; one who is licensed 
to prescribe ; a pharmacist. 

apothecaries' weight (wat), n. the 
weight used for dispensing drugs, 
and comprising the pound (12 oz. ), 
the ounce (8 drachms), the drachm 
(3 scruples), the scruple (20 grs.), 
and the grain. 

apothegm (ap'6-them), n. a pithy 
saying, embodying a wholesome 
truth or precept. Also spelt apoph- 
thegm. 

apotheosis (ap-o-the'o-sis), n. [pi. 
apotheoses (-sez) ] , deification ; the 
god-like personification bestowed 
upon deceased emperors under the 
Roman Empire ; excessive honor 
paid to a distinguished person ; 
canonization. 

apotheosize (ap-o-the-o'sTz), v.t. to 
exalt to the rank of a God ; deify. 

appal (ap-pawl'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ap- 
palled, p.pr. appalling], to fright: 
depress or discourage by fear ; dis- 
may ; terrify. 

appalling (ap-paw'ling), p.adj. in- 
spiring horror or dismay. 



54 app 

apparatus (ap-a-ra'tus), n. sing. & 
pi. an outfit of tools, utensils, or in- 
struments adapted to the accom- 
plishment of any branch of work, 
or for the performance of an ex- 
periment or operation ; a set of such 
appliances ; a group or set of organs 
concerned in the performance of a 
single function. 

apparel (a-par'el), n. clothing; ves- 
ture ; garb, or dress ; the equipment 
of a vessel : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. appar- 
eled, p.pr. appareling], to clothe or 
adorn ; furnish or fit out. 

apparent (ap-par'ent), adj. open to 
view ; capable of being readily per- 
ceived or understood ; evident ; seem- 
ing, but not real. 

apparition (ap-a-rish'un), n. a vi.s- 
ible object ; an appearance of some- 
thing not real or tangible ; a ghost 
or specter ; the first appearance of 
a luminary after obscuration : op- 
posed to occultation. 

appeal (ap-pel'), v.t. to transfer or 
refer to a superior court or judge ; 
to refer to another person or tri- 
bunal ; entreat, call for, or invoke 
aid, sympathy, or mercy : n. a call 
or invocation for aid or sympathy ; 
the right of appeal ; a summons to 
answer a charge ; a call or reference 
to another ; recourse ; the removal 
of a cause from an inferior to a 
superior court, the latter having the 
power to revise the decision of the 
lower tribunal. 

appear (ap-per'), v.i. to be or be- 
come visible ; come before ; seem. 

appearance (ap-per'ans), n. the act 
of becoming visible ; the object seen ; 
a phenomenon ; an apparition ; sem- 
blance ; outward show ; the act of 
coming before the public ; coming 
into court ; look ; bearing or aspect. 

appeasable (ap-pe'za-bl), adj. ca- 
pable of being appeased. 

appease (ap-pez'), v.t. to allay; as- 
suage ; quiet ; satisfy ; pacify. 

appeasement (ap-pez'ment), n. the 
act of appeasing; the state of being 
appeased. 

appeasive (ap-pe'ziv), adj. of a na- 
ture to appease; that tends to quiet 
or assuage. 



ate, arm. 



:, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



app 



55 



app 



appellant (ap-perant), n. one who 
appeals to a higher court ; one who 
appeals to a judge, or to any tri- 
bunal. 

appellate (ap-pel'at), adj. pertain- 
ing to appeals ; having cognizance of 
appeals : n. the person appealed 
against or called upon to appear. 

appellation (ap-e-la'shun), n. the 
name, title, or designation by which 
a person or thing is called or 
known ; the act of appealing. 

appellative (ap-pel'a-tiv), adj. serv- 
ing to distinguish, as a name or de- 
nomination of a group or class ; 
common, as a noun : n. a common, 
as distinguished from a proper, 
name ; the designation of a class. 

appellator^ ( ap-pel'a-to-ri ) , adj. 
containing an appeal. 

appellee (ap-e-le'), n. the person ap- 
pealed against ; the defendant in an 
appeal. 

append (ap-pend'), v.t. to attach, 
hang, or suspend ; subjoin or add 
to, as an accessory part ; annex. 

appendage (ap-pen'daj), n. some- 
thing appended or attached as a part 
of ; something added as an adjunct. 

appendant (ap-pen'dant), or ap- 
pendent ('dent), adj. attached or 
annexed : n, that which is appended 
or added. 

appendicitis (ap-pen-di-si'tis), n. 
inflammation of the vermiform ap- 
pendix of the caecum. 

appendix (ap-pen'diks), n. [pi. ap- 
pendixes ('dik-sez) & appendices 
('di-sez)], that which is added as 
supplemental. 

appertain ( ap-er-tan' ) , v.i. to be- 
long or pertain to, as by relation or 
custom. 

appetite (ap'e-tit), n. tne desire for 
gratification of some want, craving, 
or passion that is natural or 
acquired ; the relish for food induced 
by keenness of stomach. 

appetizer ( ap'e-ti-zer ) , n. something 
that excites or whets the appetite. 

applaud (ap-plawd'), v.t. to praise; 
express approval or approbation by 
clapping of the hands or acclama- 
tion. 

applause (ap-plawz'), n. the ex- 
pression of approval by clapping ; 



approbation openly shown by ac- 
clamation. 

applausive (ap-plaw'siv), adj. ap- 
plauding ; manifesting approval. 

apple (ap'l), n. the round fleshy fruit 
of the apple-tree, and its numerous 
cultivated varieties ; any fruit re- 
sembling an apple. 

appliance (ap-pli'ans), n. the act of 
applying ; that which is used with, 
or as a part of, something else. 

applicability (ap-li-ka-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being applicable. 

applicable ( ap'li-ka-bl ) , adj. capable 
of being, or fit to be, applied. 

applicant (ap'li-kant), n. one who 
applies, or prefers a request for 

. something ; a petitioner. 

application (ap-li-ka'shun), n. the 
act of applying, putting to, or on ; 
the thing applied ; the applying or 
reducing to practice ; the practical 
demonstration of a principle ; the 
act of requesting ; request ; mental 
assiduousness. 

applicative (ap'li-ka-tiv), adj. capa- 
ble of being applied. 

applicatory (ap'li-ka-to-ri), adj. fit- 
ness to be applied : n. that which 
applies. 

applied (ap-plid'), p.adj. practical. 

applique (ap-li-ka'), n. a method of 
ornamentation in dress or uphol- 
stery in which portions or figures 
cut from other patterns are fixed or 
applied to a groundwork or founda- 
tion of any material. 

apply (ap-pli'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ap- 
plied, p.pr. applying], to place one 
to another ; lay on ; put into prac- 
tice ; devote to a particular purpose ; 
refer or ascribe as fitting to a per- 
son or thing ; address or direct ; fix 
the mind upon : v.i. to suit ; have 
connection with or reference to ; 
make application to. 

appoint (ap-poinf), v.t. to fix; set- 
tle ; found ; make fast ; establish by 
decree ; assign or ordain ; fix the 
time and order of ; furnish or equip ; 
v.i. to decree ; ordain ; determine. 

appointee (ap-poin-te'), n. one in 
whose favor an appointment is 
made. 

appointment (ap-point'ment), n, 
the act of appointing ; the assign- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ftpp 



56 



ap^ 



ing to an office or trust ; the state 
of being appointed ; the position or 
office assigned or held ; a stipula- 
tion ; an engagement ; an arrange- 
ment to meet by mutual agreement ; 
an ordinance or decree established 
by authority ; furniture or equip- 
ment. 

apportion (ap-por'shun), v.t. to as- 
sign by equal or proportionate di- 
vision ; distribute or set out in just 
proportions. 

apportionment ( ap-por'shun-ment ) , 
n. the act of apportioning or divid- 
ing into just shares. 

apposite (ap'o-zit), adj. proper; fit; 
pertinent ; well-adapted. 

apposition (ap-o-zish'un), n. the act 
of adding ; addition by application, 
or placing together ; the placing of a 
second noun in the same case in 
juxtaposition to the first, which it 
characterizes or explains, as St. 
Mark, the EvangeHst. 

appositional (ap-o-zish'un-al), adj. 
belonging to apposition. 

appraisal (ap-pra'zal), n. the act of 
appraising, or putting a price upon 
with a view to sale. 

appraise (ap-praz'), v.t. to set a 
price upon ; value ; estimate the 
worth of, as by a licensed appraiser. 

appraisement (ap-praz'ment), n. 
the act of valuing ; an authorized 
valuation. 

appraiser (ap-pra'zer), n. one who 
appraises ; a person licensed and 
sworn to estimate the value of goods 
or estates. 

appreciable (ap-pre'shi-a-bl), adj. 
capable of being appreciated, per- 
ceived, or estimated. 

appreciate (ap-pre-shi-at), v.t. to 
value ; estimate the worth of ; es- 
teem highly ; prize ; be sensible of ; 
raise in value. 

appreciation (ap-pre-shi-a'shun), n. 
the just valuation, or proper esti- 
mate of worth or merit ; a rise in 
value. 

appreciative (ap-pre'shi-a-tiv), adj. 
exhibiting appreciation. 

appreciatory ( ap-pre'shi-a-to-ri ) , 
adj. expressive of admiration. 

apprehend (ap-re-hend'), t;.;t. to take 
or lay hold of ; seize ; arrest ; take 



a mental hold of ; anticipate or ex- 
pect : v.i. to incline to belief ; forip 
a conception. 

apprehensible ( ap-re-hen'si-bl ) , adj. 
capable of being apprehended or 
conceived. 

apprehension (ap-re-hen'shun), n. 
the act of seizure or laying hold of ; 
arrest ; the act of conceiving ; per- 
ception ; anticipation of evil ; fear 
or distrust of the future. 

apprehensive (ap-re-hen'siv), adj. 
capable of apprehending ; quick to 
learn, or grasp ; fearful of evil ; 
anxious for the future. 

apprentice (,a-pren'tis), n. one bound 
or articled bv indenture to serve a 
certain number of years to learn 
some trade or craft ; a novice or 
tyro : v.t. to put under the care of a 
master for instruction in some trade 
or craft. 

apprize (a-priz'), v.t. to give notice 
to ; inform. 

approach (ap-proch'), v.i. to draw 
or grow near ; approximate : v.t. to 
resemble, come near to. 

approach (ap-proch'), n. the act of 
drawing near ; access ; passage. 

approbate '^ap'ro-bat), v.t. to ex- 
press approval of ; license or sanc- 
tion. 

approbation (ap-ro-ba'shun), n. the 
act of approving ; commendation. 

approbative (ap'ro-ba-tiv), adj. ap- 
proving ; expressing approbation. 

approbativeness (-nes), n. love of 
praise or fame ; ambition. 

approbatory (ap'ro-ba-to-ri), adj. 
containing or 'expressing approba- 
tion. 

appropriable (ap-pro'pri-a-bl), adj. 
capable of appropriation. 

appropriate (ap-pro'pri-at), v.t. to 
take to one's self, in exclusion of 
others ; claim or use, as by an ex- 
clusive right ; set apart or assign to 
a particular use ; annex a benefice 
to a religious corporation : adj. pe- 
culiar ; fit ; apt. 

appropriation ( ap-pro-pri-a'shun ) , 
n. the act of assigning to one's self, 
or to a particular use or person ; 
application to a special use or pur° 
pose ; the annexation of a benefice 
to a religious corporation. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, t7?en. 



«pp 



57 



aqn 



■appropriative (ap-pro'pri-a-tiv) , 
adj. appropriating ; making or tend- 
ing to appropriation. 

^ppropriator (ap-pro'pri-a-ter), n. 
one who appropriates ; one who 
holds an appropriated_ benefice. 

approvable (ap-proo'va-bl), adj. 
deserving of or meriting approval. 

approval (ap-proov'al), n. approba- 
tion ; sanction ; ratification ; consent. 

approve , (ap-proov'), v.t. to prove, 
test, or demonstrate ; ratify ; pro- 
nounce efficient or sufficient ; be 
pleased or satisfied with ; commend : 
v.i. to express approval (usually fol- 
lowed by of). 

approver (ap-proo'ver), n. one who 
approves. 

approvingly (ap-proo'ving-li), adv. 
in a commendatory manner. 

approximate (ap-prok'si-mat), v.t. 
to bring or carry near ; cause to ap- 
proach : v.i. to draw near ; approach 
closely : adj. making approach to ; 
near in resemblance or position. 

.approximately ( ap-prok'si-mat'li ) , 
adv. very nearly but not absolutely. 

-approximation (ap-prok-si-ma'- 
shun), n. the act of approximating: 
approach to anything as a standard ; 
continual approach in exactness to 
the quantity sought, without actual- 
ly arriving at it ; a value nearly but 
not quite correct. 

approximative ( ap-prok'si-ma-tiv ) , 

adj. with a tendency to exactness. 
•approximatively ( ap-prok'si-ma-tiv- 
li), adv. in an approximative man- 
ner. 

appnlse (ap-puls'), or appulsion 
(-pul'shun), n. sl coming towards; 
the near approach of a planet to a 
conjunction with the sun or any 
fixed star. 

appurtenance (ap-per'te-nans), n. 
that which belongs or relates to 
something else ; an adjunct or ap- 
pendage ; that which belongs to, or is 
accessory to, an estate or property. 

appurtenant (ap-per'te-nant), adj. 
belonging or pertaining to ; acces- 
sory. 

■apricot (a'pri-kot & ap'ri-kot), w. the 
fruit of a tree, allied to the plum. 

-April fool (fool), n. one who is im- 
posed upon or deceived in a jocular 



manner on April 1st, or All Fools' 
Day. 

a priori (a pri-o'ri), from something 
prior ; proceeding from antecedent 
to consequent. 

apron (a'prun), n. a portion of cloth, 
leather, or other material, worn as 
a protective or ornamental covering 
to the front of the person ; a leath- 
ern covering for the legs, used in 
driving ; the vent-cover of a cannon ; 
the curved timber placed above the 
foremost end of a ship's keel ; a plat- 
form at the entrance to a dock. 

apropos (a-pro-p6'), adv. to the pur- 
pose ; to the point ; opportunely ; in 
respect (followed by o/) : adj. season- 
able ; happy. Written also a propos. 

apse (aps), n. [pi. apses (-ez)], a 
polygonal or semicircular recess ter- 
minating the choir or other portion 
of a church. 

apsidal (ap'si-dal), adj. pertaining 
to the apsides. 

apsis (ap'sis), n. [pi. apsides ('si- 
dez) ], one of two points in the orbit 
of a planet situated at the furthest 
or the least distance from the central 
body or sun ; the imaginary line con- 
necting these points. 

apt (apt), adj. suitable; pertinent; 
appropriate ; liable ; inclined ; ready ; 
exj»ert ; quick of apprehension. 

apteral (ap'te-ral), adj. without 
wings ; without side-columns. 

apterous (ap'te-rus), adj. destitute 
of wings, or wing-like expansions. 

apteryx (ap'te-riks), n. a wingless 
and tailless bird peculiar to New 
Zealand. 

aptitude (ap'ti-tud), n. capacity for 
anything ; fitness ; tendency ; readi- 
ness in learning. 

aqua (a'kwa), n. a term much used 
in pharmacy in the abbreviated form 
of Aq., and denoting the addition of 
water. 

aqua ammonise (am-mo'ni-e), water 
containing an infusion of ammonia- 
gas. 

aqua fortis (for 'tis), n. (strong wa- 
ter), impure nitric acid. 

aqua regia (a'kwa re'ji-a), n. 
(royal-water), a mixture of nitric 
and hydrochloric acids, capable of 
dissolving gold. 



:ate, arm, 



c, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boonj 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



Bqn 



58 



arb 



aqua vitse (a'kwa vi'te), n. (water 
of life ) unrectified alcohol ; brandy 
and other ardent spirits. _ 

aquamarine (a'kwa-ma-ren'), n. a 
pale bluish-green variety of beryl ; 
a color resembling the precious 
beryl. 

aquarium (a-kwar'i-um), n. [pi. 
aquaria (-a) & aquariums (-umz)], 
a tank or globe for the keeping and 
cultivation of aquatic plants and 
animals ; a series of such recepta- 
cles. 

aquatic (a-kwat'ik), adj. pertaining 
to water ; growing or living in or 
upon water ; performed in or upon 
water, as sports : n. an animal or 
plant inhabiting water : pi. aquatic 
sports. 

aquatiut (a'kwS.-tint), n. sl species 
of etching resembling a water-color 
drawing in India ink or in sepia ; 
an engraving produced by this proc- 
ess : v.f. to etch or engrave in aqua- 
tint. 

aqueduct (ak'we-dukt), n. sl struc- 
ture in the form of a conduit or ar- 
tificial channel for conducting water 
from a source, as for the supply of 
a large city. 

aqueous (a'kwe-us), adj. of the na- 
ture of, or abounding in, water ; 
watery; formed in or by means of 
water. 

aquiform (a-kwi-f5rm), adj. having 
the form of water ; liquid. 

aquiline (ak'wi-lin & -lin), adj. be- 
longing to or resembling an eagle ; 
curved, as the beak of an eagle. 

Arab ( ar'ab ) , n. a native of Arabia ; 
a desert-dweller ; one of the Arabic 
races spread over the African and 
Syrian deserts ; a homeless street- 
urchin or outcast : adj. pertaining 
to Arabia or the Arabs. 

arabesque (ar-a-besk'), n. the style 
of Arabic decorative art, which con- 
sists of the painting, inlaying, or 
carving in low relief of figares of 
plants, fruits, flowers, and foliage, 
variously combined or fantastically 
grouped : adj. pertaining to or ex- 
hibiting the arabesque style of orna- 
mentation : v.t. enrich with orna- 
, ment in arabesque. 

Arabic numerals (-num'er-alz), 



n.pl. the figares 0, 1, 2, 3, &c., of 
Indian origin, used by the Arab3 
and introduced into Europe in the 
12th cen<"ury. 

arable (ar'a-bl), adj. fit for the 
plow ; suited to the purposes of 
cultivation. 

arbiter (ar'bi-ter), n. an umpire or 
judge ; an arbitrator. 

arbitrament (ar-bit'ra-ment), n. 
the decision of arbitrators ; an 
award. 

arbitrarily (-li), adv. in a capri- 
cious manner ; imperiously. 

arbitrary (ar'bi-trar-i), adj. de- 
pending on the will of the arbiter; 
discretionary ; capricious ; imperi- 
ous. 

arbitrate (ar'bi-trat), v.i. to act as 
arbiter ; to settle a dispute, as an 
umpire ; mediate. 

arbitration (ar-bi-tra'shun), n. the 
settlement of a dispute by an um- 
pire. 

arbitrator (ar'bi-tra-ter), n. one 
chosen by the parties in a dispute to 
settle it ; an umpire. 

arbor (ar'ber), n. a bower; a shaded 
nook or walk. 

Arbor Day (ar'ber da), a day legally 
set apart in certain States for plant- 
ing trees. 

arboraceous (ar-bo-ra'shus), adj, 
pertaining to, or of the nature of, a 
tree or trees ; living on or among 
trees. 

arboreous (ar-bo're-us) or arboreal 
(-al), adj. pertaining to trees; 
wooded. 

arborescence (ar-bo-res'ens), m» 
something having the shape of a 
tree, as certain crystals. 

arborescent (ar-bo-res'ent), adj. 
tree-like. 

arboretum (ar-bo-re'tum), n. [pi 
arboreta, (-ta) & arboretums 
(-tumz)], a place in which rare 
trees are cultivated and exhibited. 

arboriculture (ar-ber-i-kul'tur), n. 
the cultivation of trees. 

arborise (ar-ber-e-za'), adj. marked 
like the branching of trees, as 
agates, enamels, &c. 

arborisation or arborization (ar- 
ber-i-za'shun), n. a tree-like appear- 
ance. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; booiv 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



arb 



59 



arc 



arborous (ar'ber-us), adj. having 
the appearance or nature of an ar- 
bor. 

arbor-vitae (ar-ber-vl'te), n. an 
evergreen tree extensively culti- 
vated in gardens, &c, 

arc (ark), n. a curved line or any 
part of a curve forming the segment 
of a circle ; the portion of a circle 
described by the sun or any heav- 
enly body in its apparent passage 
through the heavens. 

arc-lamp (-lamp), n. a lamp having 
a luminous bridge or arc. 

arc-light (-lit), a light produced by 
a current of electricity passing be- 
tween two carbon points placed a 
short distance from each other. 

arcade (ar-kad'), n. a series of 
arches supported by pillars ; an 
arched gallery, or promenade, lined 
with shops. 

arcadian, (ar-ka'di-an), adj. rurally 
simple. 

arcanum, (ar-ka'num), w. [pL arcana 
( 'na ) ] , a secret ; a mystery ; a val- 
uable elixir. 

arcb (arch), n. structure of brick or 
masonry, the component wedge- 
shaped parts of which follow a 
curved line ; any curvature having 
the form of an arch : v.t. to cover 
with an arch or arches ; to bend or 
curve into the form of an arch : v.i. 
to form an arch or arches ; curve : 
adj. chief ; of the first rank ; cun- 
ning ; crafty ; shrewd ; waggish ; 
mischievous ; roguish ; sportive ; coy. 

arch-board (arch'bord), n. the por- 
tion of the stern over the counter of 
a ship. 

arch-brick (arch'brik), n. a wedge- 
shaped brick used in the construc- 
tion of arches. 

archseologic ^ (iir-ke-o-loj'ik) . or 
archaeological ('i-kal), adj. per- 
taining to the study of antiquities. 

archseologically (-li), adv. in ac- 
accordance with the science of an- 
tiquities. 

archaeologist or archeologist (ar- 
ke-ol'o-jist), n. one versed in the 
study of ancient things ; an anti- 
quary. 

archaeology or archeology (ar-ke- 
ol'o-ji), n. the science of antiquities ; 



the study of prehistoric remains, or 
the relics of the early races of man- 
kind. 

archaic (ar-ka'ik) or archaical 
('i-kal), adj. pertaining to a re- 
mote period ; characterized by an- 
tiquity ; old-fashioned ; antiquated. 

archaism (ar'ka-izm), n. antiquity 
of stj'le or use ; an antiquated, old- 
fashioned, or obsolete word, expres- 
sion, or idiom. 

archangel (ark-an'jel), n. an angel 
of the highest order. 

archangelic (ark-an-jel'ik), adj. per- 
taining to archangels. 

archbishop (arch-bish'up) , n. a 
chief bishop, one who supervises the 
bishops in his province, and also ex- 
ercises episcopal authority in his 
own diocese. 

archbishopric (arch-bish'up-rik), n. 
the jurisdiction, office, or see of an 
archbishop. 

archdeacon (arch-de'kn), n. digni- 
tary ranking next below a bishop, 
and who acts as his vicar or vice- 
regent. 

archdeaconate. See archidiaconate. 

archdeaconry ( arch-de'kn-ri ) , ^. the 
office, rank, jurisdiction, or residence 
of an archdeacon. 

archducal (arch-dti'kal), adj. per- 
taining to an archduke or an arch- 
duchy. 

archduchess (iirch-duch'es), n. the 
wife of an archduke ; a daughter of 
the Emperor of Austria. 

archduchy (arch-duch'i), n. Vph 
archduchies (-iz)], the territory or 
rank of an archduke or archduchess. 

archduke (arch-duk'), n. a prince of 
the imperial house of Austria. 

archdukedom (iirch-duk'dom), w. 
the dignity or territory of an arch- 
duke. 

archebiosis (ar-ke-bi-o'sis), n. the 
origination of living from non-living 
matter ; abiogenesis. 

archegony (ar-keg'o-ni), n. the doc- 
trine of the origin of life. 

archenemy (arch-en'e-mi), n. a 
principal enemy ; Satan. 

archer (ar'cher), n. a bowman; one 
skilled in the use of the bow and 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



60 



archer-fish (-fish), n. a scaly-finned 
fish of the Java seas, which catches 
insects by darting drops of water 
upon them. 

archery (ar'cher-i), n. the art, prac- 
tice, or skill of one who uses the 
bow and arrow. 

archetype ( ar'ke-tip ) , n. the original 
type or pattern upon or after which 
a thing is made ; a model ; the orig- 
inal or fundamental type-structure 
from which a natural group of 
plants or animals are assumed to 
have descended. 

archetypic (ar-ke-tip'ik), arche- 
typal (-ti'pal), or archetypical 
(-tip'i-kal), adj. of or pertaining to 
an archetype. 

archetypically (-li), adv. after the 
manner of an archetype. 

archiepiscopacy . ( ar-ki-e-pis'ko-pa- 
si), n. the rule or dignity of an 
archbishop. 

archiepiscopal ( ar-ki-e-pis'ko-pal ) , 
adj. pertaining to an archbishop or 
to his office. 

archiepiscopate. See archiepisco- 
pacy. 

arching (ar'ching), adj. curving like 
an arch : n. arched work. 

archipelagic (ar-ki-pe-laj'ik), adj. 
pertaining to a collection of islands 
with the sea dividing them. 

archipelago (ar-ki-pel'a-go), n. [pi. 
archipelagoes & -gos (-goz)], any 
sea or body of salt water inter- 
spersed with numerous islands ; the 
island-group itself. 

architect (ar'ki-tekt), n. one versed 
in the art of building and the vari- 
ous styles of architecture ; one who 
plans or designs buildings and su- 
perintends their construction, hence 
one who forms or designs. 

architective (ar'ki-tek-tiv), adj. 
used in building; proper for build- 
ing. 

architectonics ( ar-ki-tek-ton'iks ) , 
n.pl. the science of architecture. 

architectural ( ar-ki-tek'tu-ral ) , adj. 
pertaining to the art of building ; in 
accordance with the rules of the 
building art. 

architecturally (-li), adv. with re- 
gard to the principles of the build- 



ing art; from the designer's point 
of view. 

architecture (ar'ki-tek-ttir), n. the 
science or art of building ; the meth- 
od or style of building ; construc- 
tion ; workmanship. 

architrave (ar'ki-trav), n. the low- 
est division of an entablature, or 
that part which rests immediately 
on the column. 

archival (ar-ki'val & ar'ki-val), adj. 
pertaining to, or included in state 
records. 

archive (ar'kiv), n. [pi. archives 
( -kivz ) ] , a record preserved as evi- 
dence : pi. the place where public or 
state records are kept ; state or pub- 
lic documents, or records of histori- 
cal value pertaining to a nation or 
to a family. 

archly (-li), adv. roguishly; wag' 
gishly; coyly. 

archness (-nes), n. shyness; coy- 
ness. 

archon (ar'kon), n. a chief magis- 
trate of ancient Athens ; one of the 
nine chief magistrates chosen to su- 
perintend civil and religious matters. 

archpriest (arch'prest), n. a chief 
priest ; a rural dean. 

archway (arch'wa), n. an opening or 
passage beneath an arched or vaulted 
roof. 

arcograph (ark'o-graf), n. an in- 
strument for drawing an arc with- 
out the use of a central point. 

arctic (ark'tik), adj. pertaining to 
the region of the north pole ; polar ; 
northern ; frigid. 

arctic circle (ser'kl), n. an imagin- 
ary circle parallel to the equator and 
distant 23° 28' from the north pole. 

ardent (ar'dent), adj. hot; burning; 
fiery ; warm ; glowing ; passionate ; 
eager ; zealous ; vehement. 

ardent spirits (spir'itz), n.pl. alco- 
holic beverages, as brandy, whiskey, 
&c. 

ardor (ar'der), n. heat in a physical 
sense; warmth of affection or pas- 
sion ; eager desire ; zeal. 

arduous (ar'du-us), adj. steep; hard 
to climb ; attended with great labor 
or exertion ; difficult. 

are (ar), pres. tense pi. of the verb 
to be. See be. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




Photo, by American Press Assn 



AEROPLANES. 
1, Bleriot Monoplane. 2, 4, 6, 7 and 8, AVright Biplanes. 3, Curtis Biplane. 
5, Farnum Biplane. 9, Zeppelin Airship. 



are 



61 



arl; 



are (ar), n. the unit of French super- 
ficial or square measure containing 
100 sq. meters or 1076.44 English 
sq. ft. 

area (ar'e-a), n. [pi. areas (-az)], 
any plane surface having bounds, 
Whether natural or artificial, as the 
floor of a hall, &c. ; any defined ex- 
tent of land-surface ; the sunken 
space situated at the base of a build- 
ing and separating it from the 
street; the superficial contents of 
any space or figure ; extent ; range ; 
scope ; a compass of ore allotted to 
miners. 

arena (a-re'na), n.. [pi. arenas 
(-naz)], the central enclosed space 
(usually strewn with sand) of a 
Roman amphitheater, in which the 
gladiatorial combats took place; 
hence the scene or field for combat 
or exertion of any kind. 

arenaceous (ar-e-na'shus), adj. 
sandy ; abounding in, or having the 
properties of, sand. 

Areopagus (ar-e-op'a-gus), n. the 
tribunal, or highest court, of ancient 
Athens, so named from its situation 
on the hill of Ares (Mars) ; hence 
any high court or tribunal. 

Argand lamp (lamp), n. a lamp 
having a hollow circular wick to 
permit the passage of air inside and 
outside the flame. 

argent (ar'jent), n. the silver of a 
coat of arms, represented in drawing 
or engraving by a plain white sur- 
face, symbolical of purity, beauty, 
&c. : adj. made of, or resembling, 
silver ; silvery white ; bright like sil- 
ver. 

argentite (ar'jen-tit), n. sulphide of 
silver of a lead-grey color. 

argentous (ar-jen'tus), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or containing, silver. 

argil (ar'jil), n. potters' clay or 
earth. 

argillaceous (ar-ji-la'shus), adj. of 
the nature of, or containing, clay ; 
clayey. 

argillite (ar-'ji-lit), n. clay-slate. 

argol (ar'gol), n. crude tartar from 
which cream of tartar is prepared. 

argon (ar'gun), n. an element asso- 
ciated with nitrogen, and forming 
one of the constituents of the air. 



argonaut (ar'go-nawt), n. a cepha- 
lopod commonly known as the pa- 
per-nautilus, and paper-sailor of the 
Mediterranean. 

argosy (ar'go-si), n. [pi. argosies 
( -siz ) ] , a large richly-freighted mer- 
chant-vessel. 

arguable ( ar'gu-a-bl ) , adj. capable 
of being disputed or discussed. 

argue (ar'gti), v.i. to show or offer 
reasons in support of, or in opposi- 
tion to, a proposition, opinion, or 
measure ; to reason, dispute, dis- 
cuss ; contend in debate : v.t. to de- 
bate or discuss ; prove or evince. 

argufy (ar'gti-fi), v.i. [p.t. & p.p, 
argufied, p.pr. argufying], to con- 
tend in argument ; to persist in dis- 
cussion. 

argument (ar'gti-ment), n. that 
which is advanced in support or 
proof with a view to persuade or 
convince the mind ; a discussion, 
controversy, or debate ; the subject 
of a discourse or writing ; an ab- 
stract or summary of a book. 

argumental ( ar-gti-men'tal ) , adj. 
pertaining to reasoning ; consisting 
of reasons. 

argumentation ( ar-gti-men-ta'- 
shun), n. the act of arguing ; discus- 
sion. 

argumentative ( ar-gti-men'ta-tiv ) , 
adj. consisting of, or exhibiting a 
process of reasoning ; addicted to 
argument ; disputatious. 

argus-eyed (ar'gus-id), adj. watch- 
ful ; vigilant ; extremely observant. 

aria (ar'e-a & ar'i-a), n. an air; a 
melody or tune for single voice with 
accompaniment ; a solo part in a 
cantata or oratorio, &c. 

Arian (a'ri-an), adj. pertaining to 
the doctrines of the Arian sect. 

arid (ar'id), adj. dry; parched up; 
barren. 

aridity (a-rid'i-ti) or aridness (ar'- 
id-nes), n. the state of being dry; 
dryness ; want of life or interest. 

arietta (ar-e-et'ta), -ti. a short song 
or air. 

aright (a-rit'), adv. rightly; in a 
right way or form ; without sin or 
error. 

arise (a-riz'), v.i. [p.t. arose, p.p. 
arisen, p.pr. arising], to mount up 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ari 



62 



arm 



or ascend ; to come into view ; rise 
or get up ; spring up ; come into 
existence or action ; originate. 

aristocracy (ar-is-tok'ra-si), n. [pi. 
aristocracies (-siz)], government by- 
persons of the highest rank in a 
state ; the nobility or chief persons 
in a state. 

aristocrat (ar'is-to-krat & a-ris'to- 
krat), n. a personage of rank and 
noble birth ; one who upholds the 
aristocracy or favors government 
by the nobles ; a person who pos- 
sesses traits supposed to charac- 
terize the nobility. 

aristocratic (ar-is-to-krat'ik) or 
aristocratical (-i-kal), adj, per- 
taining to, or consisting in, a gov- 
ernment of the nobles ; pertaining 
to, or characteristic of, the higher 
class or nobility. 

aristocratically (-li), adv. in an 
aristocratic manner. 

aristocratisiu (ar'is-to-krat-izm & 
ar-is-tok'ra-tizm), n. the rank, con- 
dition, or privileges of one of noble 
birth ; the principles of aristocracy. 

arithmetic (a-rith'me-tik), n. the 
science of numbers ; the art of com- 
putation by figures. 

arithmetical (ar-ith-met'ikal), adj. 
of or pertaining to arithmetic. 

arithmetically (-li), adv. according 
to the rules or methods of arith- 
metic. 

arithmetician ( §.-rith-me-tish'an ) , 
n. one skilled in the science of num- 
bers. 

arithmometer (ar-ith-mom'e-ter), n. 
a calculating machine which per- 
forms multiplication and division. 

ai'k (ark), n. the repository of the 
Covenant, or tables of the Law, in 
the Jewish Tabernacle (Exod. xxv.), 
and subsequently'' placed in the Tem- 
ple of Solomon (I Kings viii.) ; the 
vessel in which Noah and his fam- 
ily were preserved during the 
Deluge, hence a place of safety or 
refuge ; a large boat used for trans- 
porting produce on American rivers. 

iu*m (arm), n. the limb of the human 
body which extends from the shoul- 
der to the hand ; the anterior or 
fore-limb of any vertebrate animal ; 
any projecting or diverging organ 



or part of a main body or trunk, as 
the tentacle of a star-fish, the branch 
of a tree, an inlet of the sea, :&c. ; 
might ; power ; support. 
arm (arm), n. a weapon; a branch 
of the military service : v.t. to fur- 
nish or equip with weapons of of- 
fense or defense ; fortify or provide 
against ; furnish with an armature : 
v.i. to fit one's self with arms, or 
take to ^one's self means of defense. 

arm-chair (arm'-char), n. a chair 
furnished with supports for the el- 
bows. 

arm-pit (arm '-pit), n. the cavity be- 
neath the shoulder ; the axilla. 

armada (iir-ma'da), n. a fleet of 
armed vessels ; a squadron ; the 
Spanish fleet dispatched against En- 
gland in 1588, by Philip II. 

armadillo (ar-ma-dil'o), n. [pi. ar- 
madillos ('oz)], a South American 
quadruped, armed with a bony shell 
divided into belts consisting of nu- 
merous small plates, and resembling 
a coat of mail ; an electric battery 
so named, worn round the body as 
a cure for nervous and other affec- 
tions. 

armament (ar'ma-ment), n. a body 
of forces equipped for war, either 
military or naval ; the cannon and 
small arms collectively of a warship 
or ^ fortification ; the number and 
weight of guns of a war-vessel. 

armature (ar'ma-tur), n. armor: 
that which serves as a means of de- 
fense ; a piece of soft iron connect- 
ing the poles of a magnet, or elec- 
tro-magnet, to preserve and increase 
the magnetic force ; iron bars or 
frame-work used to strengthen a 
building. 

armful ( arm'f ool ) , w. as much as can 
be compassed by the arms. 

armistice (iir'mis-tis), n. a tempo- 
rary cessation of hostilities agreed 
upon by opposing forces ; a truce. 

armlet (arm'let), n. a small arm of 
the sea ; a metal band for the arm 
used for ornament or for protection. 

armoire (ar-mwar'), n, a movable 
cupboard with doors. 

armor (ar'mer), n. defensive arms; 
protective covering for the body in 



ate, arm, ^sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n5rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



arm 



63 



arr 



battle; the steel plating of a war- 
ship. 

armor-clad (-klad), adj, ironclad: 
n. a war vessel protected by steel 
plating. 

armor-grating (-gra'ting), n. deep 
iron gratings used to protect the 
boilers of ironclads from missiles 
during an engagement. 

armcr-plate (-plat), n. sl plate of 
iron or steel intended to be affixed 
to the side of a ship as part of a 
casing for protection against shell- 
fire. 

arraiorer (ar'mor-er), n. formerly a 
maker of arms or armor, or one who 
had charge of the armor of another ; 
the custodian of the arms of a troop 
or battleship. 

armorial (ar-mo'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to armor or to the arms or es- 
cutcheon of a family : n. a book or 
dictionary of heraldic devices and 
the names of persons entitled to use 
them. 

armory (ar'mer-i), ii. [pi. -ries, 
(-riz)], a place for arms or the as- 
sembly of soldiers ; a manufactory 
of arms. 

armozeeu or armozine (ar-mo- 
zen'),n. a thick plain silk, generally 
black, used for clerical robes. 

arms (armz), n.pl. weapons of offense 
or defense ; the military service ; 
war as a profession ; armorial bear- 
ings. 

army (ar'mi), n. [pi. armies (-miz)], 
a body of men trained and equipped 
for war, and organized in regiments, 
brigades, or similar divisions under 
proper officers ; a great number or 
multitude ; an organized body of 
persons engaged in moral warfare. 

army--worm (-werm), n. the larva of 
a moth which devastates grain and 
other crops. 

arnica (ar'ni-ka), n. a genus of per- 
ennial herbs ; the mountain tobac- 
co : from the roots or flov/ers of a 
species of this herb a valuable ex- 
ternal remedy for bruises is made. 

aroma (a-ro'ma), n. [pi. aromas 
('maz)], the odor exhaled by plants 
or other substances, generally of an 
agreeable or spicy nature ; perfume ; 
fragrance. 



aromatic (ar-o-mat'ik) or aromat* 
ical ('i-kal), adj. giving out aro- 
ma ; fragrant ; spicy ; odoriferous : 
n. a plant, herb, or drug yielding a. 
fragrant smell. 

aromatically (-li), adv. with aoi 
aromatic taste or smell. 

aromatic- vinegar (-vin'e-gar), w. 
a powerful perfume composed of 
strong acetic acid, the essential oils.; 
of lavender, camphor, &c. 

aromatous (a-ro'ma-tus), adj. full of 
fragrance ; aromatic. 

arose (a-roz'), p.t. of arise. 

around (a-round'), adv. in a circle; 
on every side ; roundabout : prep,. 
about ; on all sides ; encircling ; en- 
compassing. 

arousal (a-rou'zal), n. the act of 
awakening ; the state of being awak- 
ened. 

arouse (a-rouz'), v.t. to excite or stir 
to action ; put in motion that which i 
is at rest ; awaken from sleep or a 
state of inactivity ; stimulate ; ani- 
mate. 

aro-w (a-ro'), adv. in a row; in or- 
der ; successively. 

arraign (a-rJin'), v.t. to summon or- 
set, as a prisoner at the bar of a 
court to answer to a charge ; cen- 
sure publicly ; impeach ; indict. 

arraignment (a-ran'ment), n. an- 
accusation ; an impeachment. 

arrange' (a-ranj'), v.t. to put in 
proper order or sequence ; classify ; 
adjust or settle ; adapt ; group. 

arrangement ( a-ranj 'ment), n. the- 
act of putting in proper form or or- 
der ; that which is ordered or ^ dis- 
posed ; the method or style of dispo- 
sition ; a preparatory measure ; 
preparation ; settlement ; classifica- 
tion ; adjustment ; adaptation. 

arrant (ar'ant), adj. notorious; un-i 
mitigated ; thorough or downright' 
(in a bad sense) ; shameless. 

arras (ar'as), n. tapestry; hangings 
made of rich figured fabric. 

arrasene or arasene (ar-as-sen'),w. 
a kind of mixed thread of wool and. 
silk used in raised embroidery. 

array (ar-ra'), n. order; the group- 
ing or arrangement of a body of mea^ 
as drawn up for battle ; an orderly 
collection or series of things impos-- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hUe, hut ; think, then. 



64 



art 



ingiy displayed; dress arranged on 
the person ; apparel : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
-ed, p.pr. -ing], to place or dispose 
in order ; marshal ; deck or dress. 

arrayal (ar-ra'al), n. the process of 
arraying. 

arrear (ar-rer'), n. the state of being 
behind-hand ; that which is undone, 
outstanding, or unpaid. 

arrearage (ar-rer'aj), n. the state 
o)' condition of being in arrears ; 
that which remains unpaid and 
overdue after a previous payment. 

arrest (ar-resf), v.t. to stop or stay; 
check or hinder the action or motion 
of ; seize, take, or apprehend by le- 
gal authority ; seize and fix, as the 
eye or attention : n. the act of seiz- 
ing; stoppage or holding back by 
force or restraint ; the state of being 
seized or detained by legal authority. 

arris (ar'is), n. the line or edge in 
which two curved or straight sur- 
faces of a body, forming an exterior 
angle, meet each other. 

arris-wise (-wiz)', adv. diagonally 
laid, like tiles ; ridge-wise. 

arrival (ar-ri'val), n. the act of com- 
ing to a place, or reaching a destina- 
tion from a distance ; attainment of 
any object ; the person or thing ar- 
riving, or which has arrived. 

arrive (ar-riv'), v.i. to come to or 
reach, as a destination ; reach a 
point or stage ; gain or compass an 
object ; attain to a state or result 
[with at]. 

arrogance (ar'ro-gans), n. an undue 
degree of self-importance; an exor- 
bitant claim to dignity, rank, or 
estimation; a lordly contempt of 
others. 

arrogant (ar'ro-gant), ad^. making 
exorbitant claims to dignity or esti- 
mation, by presuming upon one's 
self-importance; overbearingly 
haughty. 

arrogate (ar'ro-gat), v.t. to assume 
or lay claim to unduly, or with pre- 
sumptuous pride. 

arrogation (ar-ro-ga'shun), n. the 
act of arrogating. 

arrow (ar'ro), n. a slender, pointed 
missile weapon, usually feathered 
and barbed, made to be shot from a 
bow. 



arrow cliaracters (kar'ak-ters), n. 
pi. the arrow-headed (cuneiform or 
wedge-shaped) characters of the As- 
syrian inscriptions. 

arrow-head (-hed), n. the head or 
barb of an arrow ; an aquatic plant 
so named from its leaves. 

arrowroot ( ar'i'6-root ) , n. a starch 
obtained from the rootstocks of sev- 
eral species of West Indian plants. 

arrow- wood (-wood), n. a wood of 
which the arrows of the Red In- 
dians are made. 

arroyo (a-roi'5), n. [pi. arroyos 
(-oz)], a watercourse or rivulet; 
the dry bed of a small stream. 

arsenal (ar'se-nal), n. a magazine 
for the storage of arms and military 
stores for land or naval service, or 
their manufacture. 

arsenic (ar'se-nik), n. an element of 
steel-gray color and brilliant luster, 
and exceedingly brittle, occurring 
usually in combination. 

arsenic (ar-sen'ik) or arsenical 
('i-kal), adj. pertaining to or con- 
taining arsenic. 

arsenious (ar-se'ni-us), adj. pertain- 
ing to or containing arsenic. 

arsenite (ar'sen-it), n. a salt of ar- 
senious acid. 

arsis (ar'sis), n. that part of a foot 
where the metrical accent is placed. 

arson (ar'sn), n. the malicious firing 
of any building, agricultural prod- 
uce, ship, &c., belonging to anoth- 
er, or one's own property, with the 
intent to defraud an insurance office. 

art (art), 2nd pers. sing, indie, mood, 
pres. tense, of the verb to be. [Art 
is used only in solemn or poetic 
style.] See be. 

art (art), n. the employment of 
means to the accomplishment of 
some end; the skilful adaptation 
and application to some purpose or 
use of knowledge or power acquired 
from Nature ; a system of rules and 
established methods to facilitate the 
performance of certain actions ; fa- 
miliarity with such principles, and 
skill in applying them to an end or 
purpose, as of a practical, useful, or 
technical character : opposed to Sci- 
ence ; one of the fine arts ; the fine 



ate, arm, 



i, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



4 



art 



65 



art 



arts collectively ; the power or qual- 
ity of perceiving and transcribing 
the beautiful or sesthetical in Na- 
ture, as in painting or sculpture ; 
practical skill ; dexterity ; knack ; 
cunning ; artifice : pi. the branches 
of learning included in the ordinary 
course of academic study. 

arterial (ar-ter'i-al), adj. pertaining 
to an artery or the arteries ; con- 
tained in an artery. 

arterialization (ar-ter-i-al-i-za'- 
shun), n. the process of converting 
venous blood into_ arterial blood. 

arterialize (ar-ter'i-al-iz), v.t. to 
convert as venous blood into arterial 
blood by exposure to oxygen in the 
lungs. 

arteriology (ar-te'ri-ol'o-ji), n. that 
branch of anatomy which treats of 
the arteries. 

arteriotomy (ar-ter-i-ot'o-mi), n. 
the opening of an artery ; the part 
of anatomy treating of the dissec- 
tion of the arteries. 

artery (ar'ter-i), n. [pi. arteries 
(-iz)], one of a system of tubes or 
vessels which convey the blood from 
the heart to all parts of the body. 

artesian well (ar-te'zhan wel), n. a 
well formed by boring, often to 
great depth, through strata the na- 
ture and arrangement of which per- 
mit of the permeation and accumu- 
lation of water ; on being freed from 
constraint, the water rises by pres- 
sure in the tube and overflows at the 
surface. 

artful (art'fool), adj. cunning; 
crafty. 

artfully (-li), adv. in a cunning or 
crafty manner. 

arthritis (ar-thri'tis), n. any inflam- 
mation of the joints ; the gout. 

artichoke (ar'ti-chok), n. a plant 
with thistle-like foliage, and bearing 
large terminal flower-heads, the low- 
er portion of which, consisting of a 
fleshy receptacle covered with thick 
scales, is used as food ; the tuberous 
root of an American sunflower 
(Helianthus tulerosis), used as a 
substitute for potatoes. 

article (ar'ti-kl), n. sl distinct por- 
tion or member ; a single clause, 
item, or particular, as in a formal 



agreement or treaty ; a concise state- 
ment ; a prose composition, com- 
plete, in itself, in a newspaper, mag- 
azine, or work of reference ; a ma- 
terial thing, as one of a class ; an 
item ; a point of duty, faith, or doc- 
trine ; one of the words (an [a be- 
fore consonant-sounds], the indefi- 
nite article, and the, the definite ar- 
ticle [see a, an, & the] ) used before 
nouns or substantives to define or 
limit their application ; a jointed 
segment connecting two parts of a 
limb or body : v.t. to bind by articles 
of covenant or stipulation ; specify. 

articular ( ar-tik'ti-lar ) , adj. pertain- 
ing to the joints or to a joint. 

articulate (ar-tik'ti-lat), v.t. to 
joint ; unite by means of a joint ; 
to form words ; utter in distinct 
syllables ; speak as a human being : 
v.i. to unite or form an articulation 
(with); utter articulate sounds; 
speak with distinctness : adj. joint- 
ed ; formed with joints ; segmented ; 
characterized by syllabic division ^ 
uttered with distinctness. 

articulation (ar-tik-u-la'shun), n. 
the act of jointing ; the act of speak- 
ing distinctly ; a distinct utterance ; 
the state of being articulated ; a 
joint or juncture between bones ; the 
point of separation of organs or 
parts of a plant ; a node or joint of 
the stem, or the space between twO' 
nodes. 

articulator (ar-tik'u-la-ter), n. one 
who pronounces distinctly ; an in- 
strument to cure stammering ; an 
apparatus attached to a telephone to 
secure regularity of tone ; one who 
mounts skeletons. 

artifice (ar'ti-fis), n. an artful or 
crafty device ; an ingenious expedi- 
ent ; a trick or stratagem ; a ma- 
noeuvre. 

artificer (ar-tif'i-ser), n. a skilled or 
artistic worker ; a mechanic ; a 
maker or constructor ; an inventor. 

artificial ( ar-ti-fish'al ) , adj. made 
or contrived by art ; produced by hu- 
man skill or labor ; feigned ; unreal ; 
assumed; affected; not genuine or 
natural. 

artificiality (-fish-i-al'l-ti) or ar- 
tificialnessss (-nes), n. the qual- 



,^te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



Mrt 



66 



asc 



ity of being unreal or unnatural ; 
that which is artificial. 

artificially (-li), adv. by human 
skill or contrivance. 

artillery (ar-til'ler-i), n. cannon; 
great guns ; ordnance of all kinds, 
with its equipment of carriages, 
men, and material ; the officers and 
men forming the artillery division 
of an army ; the science which 
treats of the use or management of 
ordnance. 

artisan (ar'ti-zan), n. one skilled in 
any art or trade ; a mechanic ; a 
handicraftsman. 

artist (ar'tist), n. one skilled in any 
branch of high art ; one professing 
or practicing one of the fine arts. 

artiste (ar-test'), n. one who is an 
expert in any branch of professional 
art other than the fine arts, as a 
public singer, cook, &c. 

artistic (ar-tis'tik) or artistical 
('ti-kal), adj. pertaining to art or 
to artists ; characterized by aesthetic 
feeling or conformity to the princi- 
ples of a school of art or design. 

^artistically (-al-li), adv. in a man- 
ner conformable to the rules and 
principles of art. 

artless (art'les), adj. lacking art; 
unskilful ; devoid of cunning ; sim- 
ple ; natural ; undesigning ; unaf- 
fected ; ingenuous. 

Aryan (ar'yan), adj. pertaining to' 
the Aryans, or to their language. j 

as (as), n. [pi. asses (as'sez)], a Ro- j 
man weight equivalent to the libra | 
or pound. j 

asafetida or asafoetida (as-a-fet'i- [ 
da), n. a fetid sap obtained from the 
roots of several large umbelliferous 
plants of Persia and Afghanistan. 

asbestine (as-bes'tin), adj. pertain- 
ing to or of the nature of, asbestos ; 
incombustible. 

asbestos (as-bes'tos) or asbestus 
Ctus), n. a fibrous variety of horn- 
blende, separable into flexible fila- 
ments of flax-like appearance and 
silky luster, and possessing the 
property of being incombustible. 

ascend (as-send'), v.i. to take an up- 
ward direction ; mount ; go up ; rise ; 
to proceed from an inferior to a su- 
perior ; rise from a lower to a higher 



pitch or tone : v.t. to go or move up- 
ward upon ; climb ; go upward along. 

ascendable ( as-sen'da-bl ) or as- 
cendible ('di-bl), adj. capable of 
being climbed or navigated. 

ascendancy (as-sen'dan-si) or as- 
cendency ('den-si), n. a govern- 
ing or controlling power or influ- 
ence ; domination. 

ascendant (as-sen'dant) or ascend- 
ent ('dent), adj. rising; supe- 
rior ; predominant ; above the hori- 
zon : n. superiority or commanding 
influence ; predominance ; an ances- 
tor, or one who precedes in geneal- 
ogy or degrees of kindred : opposed 
to descendant : the particular zodia- 
cal sign appearing above the horizon 
at the time of one's birth. 

ascension (as-sen'shun), n. the act 
of moving upward ; a rising ; the 
ascent of our Lord to heaven ; the 
rising of a star or point above the 
celestial horizon. 

Ascension Day (da), n. a movable 
feast to commemorate Christ's as- 
cension into heaven, celebrated on 
the Thursday next but one before 
Whit-Sunday : also called Holy 
Thursday. 

ascent (as-sent'), n. the act of ris- 
ing ; an upward movement ; the act 
of climbing ; the way or means of 
reaching a height ; an acclivity ; an 
upward slope. 

ascertain (as-ser-tan'), v.t. to make 
certain ; find out or determine defi- 
nitely by test or examination. 

ascertainment ( as-ser-tan'ment) , n. 
the act of ascertaining. 

ascetic (as-set'ik), adj. exceedingly 
rigid in the exercise of religious du- 
ties and mortification of worldly de- 
sires : n. one who renounces the 
world and devotes himself to re- 
ligious exercises ; one who subjects 
himself to severe disciplinary meth- 
ods of living ; a hermit ; a recluse. 

ascetically (-al-li), adv. in an ascet- 
ical manner. 

asceticism (as-set'i-sizm), n. the 
condition or mode of life adopted by 
one who renounces worldly matters ; 
austerity. 

ascribable ( a-skri'ba-bl ) , adj. capa- 
ble of being attributed or imputed. 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



asc 



67 



asp 



ascribe (a-skrib'), v.t. to attribute, 
impute, or refer ; assign ; attribute. 

ascription (a-skrip'shun), n. the act 
of attributing or imputing ; that 
which is assigned. 

aseptic (a-sep'tik), adj. free from 
the germs of disease or putrefaction ; 
not liable to putrefy : an aseptic sub- 
stance. 

asexual ( a-seks'ii-al ) , adj. not sex- 
ual ; produced by other than sexual 
processes. 

asexually (-li), adv. in a manner 
other than by conjunction of the 
sexes : applied to reproduction. 

ash (ash), n. the name popularly ap- 
plied to trees of the genus Fraxinus, 
many of which supply valuable tim- 
ber ; the wood of the ash-tree : adj. 
pertaining to, or like, the ash ; made 
of ash. 

ash (ash), n. [pi. ashes ('ez)], the 
residue of plant or animal substance 
remaining after subjection to red- 
heat : pi. the waste of burned coal ; 
the remains of a human body when 
cremated, hence a corpse. 

ashamed (a-shamd'), p.adj. affected 
or touched by shame ; cast down or 
dejected by conscious guilt ; abashed 
by a sense of indecorum ; reluctant 
through fear of shame (followed by 
an infinitive). 

ashen (ash'n), adj. pertaining to the 
ash-tree ; made of ash ; of the color 
of ashes ; pale. 

ashore (a-shor'), adv. on shore; to 
the shore ; on land. 

aside (a-sid'), adv. on or to one side; 
out of a given direction ; apart ; 
away from : n. a speech or utter- 
ance not intended for the present 
company ; a remark made by an ac- 
tor on the stage, and assumed to be 
heard only by the person for whom 
it is intended, 

asinine (as'i-nin), adj. pertaining to 
the ass ; having the nature or char- 
acteristics of an ass. 

asininity (as'i-nin'i-ti), n. the quali- 
ty of being asinine ; obstinate stu- 
pWity. 

ask (ask), v.t. to request; seek to 
obtain by words ; petition or beg for ; 
claim or demand ; expect or. require ; 



inquire respecting ; interrogate ; in- 
vite : v.i. to prefer by request ; in- 
quire after. 

askance (a-skans') or askant (a- 
skant'), adv. sideways; obliquely; 
awry ; from the corner of the eye ; 
aslant. 

aske-w ( a-sku'),ac?f. obliquely ; awry; 
out of position or arrangement. 

aslant (a-slant'), adv. not at right 
angles ; sloping ; oblique ; slanting ; 
athwart. 

asleep (a-slep'), adj. & adv. sleeping; 
in a state of slumber ; dormant. 

aslope (a-slop'), adv. in a sloping 
direction. 

asoak (a-sok'), adv. in a state of 
saturation or soaked with moisture. 

asp (^sp), n. a small venomous snake 
of Egypt ; the common viper, or 
adder, of Europe ; a royal symbol 
of ancient Egypt. 

asparagus (as-par'a-gus), n. a plant 
having tender edible shoots. 

aspect (as'peckt), n. visual or mental 
appearance ; look ; mien ; air ; out- 
look or prospect ; the relative posi- 
tion of the planets as viewed from 
the earth ; appearance. 

aspen (as'pen), n. a species of poplar 
whose leaves have the property of 
trembling in the slightest breeze : 
adj. pertaining to the asp-tree ; 
quivering like an aspen-leaf. 

asper (as'per), adj. rugged; hard; 
warlike : n. the mark ( ' ) in Greek, 
to indicate the rough breathing, or 
aspirate. 

asperity (as-per'i-ti) , n. [pi. asperi- 
ties (-tiz)], roughness of surface; 
roughness or harshness of sound ; 
sourness ; bitterness of taste or tem- 
per. 

aspermous (a-sper'mus), adj. with- 
out seed ; not producing seed. i 

asperse (as-pers'), v.t. to besprinkle;! 
injure in reputation by calumny ; 
slander. 

aspersion (as-per'shun), n. a sprink- 
ling as of dust or water ; injury by 
false and calumnious charges or re* 
ports ; slander. 

asphalt (as'falt), n. a compact, brit- 
tle variety of native bitumen, em- 
ployed for the purpose of paving^ 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ASP 



68 



roofing, and cementing : v.t. to lay 
down or cover with asphalt. 

^sphaltic (as-fal'tik), adj. of the na- 
ture of, composed of, or containing 
asphalt. 

asphaltiiiu. Same as asphalt. 

a^spliodel (as'fo-del), n. the name of 
several plants of the liliaceous ge- 
nus Asphodelus ; the daffodil of the 
older English poets ; the unfading 
plant of the dead, which covered 
the meadows of Hades. 

asphyxia (as-fik'si-a) or asphyxy 
('si), n. the condition of lifelessness 
occasioned by suspension or inter- 
ruption of respiration. 

asphyxiate (as~fik'si-at), v.t. to suf- 
focate ; deprive of oxygen, and so 
cause death or dangerous symptoms. 

aspic (as'pik), n. a venomous asp: 
the great lavender ; a side-dish com- 
posed of game, fish, &c., encased in 
clear savory meat-jelly. 

aspirant (as-pi'rant), adj. aspiring; 
ambitious : n. one who seeks to at- 
tain, or aspires to, a high object or 
position. 

aspirate (as'pi-rat), v.t. to pro- 
nounce with a full breathing ; to 
prefix the sound of the letter h : n. 
the sound of the letter h, as in 
horse ; the mark or sign used to de- 
note the sound : adj. pronounced 
with the audible breath. 

aspiration (as-pi-ra'shun), n. the 
act of aspirating ; an aspirated 
sound ; a breath ; the yearning desire 
for something higher or better than 
that already possessed ; ambition. 

aspiratory (as-pi'ra-to-ri), adj. per- 
taining to breathing ; suited to the 
inhaling of air. 

aspire (as-pir'), v.i. to seek after or 
desire with longing ; yearn for that 
which is better or nobler ; rise or 
ascend ; to soar : v.t. to breathe to, 
or into ; breathe forth ; soar to ; at- 
tain. 

asquint (a-skwinf), adv. with a 
squint ; to or out of the corner of 
the eye ; obliquely. 

ass (as'), n. a quadruped of the ge- 
nus Equus, allied to the horse, usu- 
ally employed in its domesticated 
State as a beast of burden ; a dull, 
stupid fellow. . 



assafoetida. See asafetida. 

assail (as-sal'), v.t. to fall upon or 
attack with vehemence ; attack with 
argument or abuse. 

assailant (as-sa'lant), adj. assault- 
ing ; attacking : n. one who, or that 
which, assails. 

assassin (as-sas'sin), n. one who 
slays treacherously or by covert as- 
sault ; one who kills, or attempts to 
kill, secretly as the agent of another 
or others, or for reward ; formerly 
one of a band of Syrian fanatics. 

assassinate (as-sas'si-nat), v.t. to 
kill, or attempt to kill, by secret or 
treacherous means ; slay suddenly or 
unawares ; murder. 

assassination ( as-sas-si-na'shun ) , n. 
the act of slaying in secret, or at 
the bidding or reward of others ; 
murder. 

assault (as-sawlt'),w. an attack with 
violence by physical means ; an on- 
slaught ; an attack by military 
force ; a violent attack by moral 
force ; an attempt or threat to do 
bodily violence or injury to another ; 
the charge of an attacking party on 
a fortified position : v.t. to attack 
violently ; storm, as by armed force ; 
attack by moral force ; threaten or 
attempt by visible means bodily vio- 
lence or injury to another ; attack a 
fortified position by a sudden charge. 

assay (as-sa'), n. the act or process 
of determining by analysis the quan- 
tity or proportion of any one or 
more metals in a metallic compound, 
ore, or alloy, especially the standard 
purity of gold or silver coin or bul- 
lion ; the substance or metal to be 
assayed : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. -ed, p.pr. 
-ing] , to subject to analysis ; to de- 
termine the quantity or proportion 
of one or more of the constituents 
of a metal. 

assay er (as-sa'er), n. one who as- 
says ; an officer of the Mint appoint- 
ed to test the purity of bullion and 
coin. 

assemblage (as-sem'blaj), n. the act 
of assembling ; the state of being 
assembled ; a group or collection of 
persons or particular things. 

assemble (as-sem'bl), v.t. to collect 
or gather together in one place or 



ate^ arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ass 



body ; congregate : v.i. to meet or 
come together ; convene. 

assembly (as-sem'bli), n. [pi. assem- 
blies (-bliz)], a collection or com- 
pany of persons brought together in 
one place, and' for a common object ; 
a meeting ; a congregation. 

assembly-man. (-man), n. a mem- 
ber of a legislative assembly. 

assent (as-sent'), v.i. to admit as 
true ; concede ; agree to ; consent : n. 
the act of agreeing to ; consent ; ac- 
quiescence ; approval ; concurrence. 

assentation ( as-sen-ta'shun ) , n. com- 
pliance vs^ith the opinion of another, 
in flattery or obsequiousness. 

assentient (as-sen'shi-ent), adj. as- 
senting : n. one v^ho assents. 

assert (as-serf), v.t. to maintain; 
declare positively, or v^ith assur- 
ance ; aver ; aflfirm ; defend or vin- 
dicate ; declare. 

assertion (as-ser'shun), n. the act 
of asserting ; that v^hich is assert- 
ed ; positive declaration ; allegation ; 
maintenance or defense. 

assertive (as-ser'tiv), adj. positive; 
dogmatical ; confident in assertion. 

assert or (as-ser'ter), n. one who as- 
serts ; one who maintains or de- 
fends. 

assertory (as-ser'to-ri), adj. affirm- 
ing ; supporting. 

assess (as-ses'), v.t. to fix or deter- 
mine, as damages; fix, rate, or set 
a certain charge upon, as a tax ; 
estimate or value officially for the 
purpose of taxation. 

assessed taxes (taks'ez), n.pl. taxes 
levied on income, houses, and prop- 
erty. 

assessment (as-ses'ment), n. the act 
of assessing or determining an 
amount to be paid ; an official valua- 
tion of property, or income, for the 
purpose of taxation ; the specific 
sum levied as tax, or assessed for 
damages. 

assessor (as-ses'er), n. one appointed 
to assess property or persons for 
taxation. 

assessorial (as-ses-so'ri-al), adj. 
pertaining to an assessor. 

assets (as'sets), n.pl. the property, 
whether real or personal, of a de- 
ceased person which is subject by 



law to the discharge of his debts and 
legacies ; the property or effects of 
an insolvent debtor which are avail- 
able for the satisfaction of his cred- 
itors ; the entire property of a 
trader or company of traders. 

asseverate (as-sev'er-at), v.t. to af- 
firm or aver positively, or with so- 
lemnity. 

asseveration (as-sev-er-a'shun), n. 
a solemn affirmation or declaration, 
as upon oath. 

assibilate (as-sib'i-lat), v.t. to pro- 
nounce with a hissing sound; to 
alter to a sibilant. 

assibilation (as-sib-i-la'shun), n, 
pronunciation with a hissing sound ;, 
the change of a dental or guttural 
mute into a sibilant or a similar 
sound. 

assiduity (as-si-dii'i-ti), n. [pi. assi- 
duities (-tiz)], close application or 
unremitting attention to ; diligence : 
pi. studied and persevering atten- 
tion to please. 

assiduous (as-sid'u-us), adj. con- 
stant in application ; devotedly at- 
tentive ; perseveringly diligent. 

assign (as-sin'), v.t. to appoint, mark 
out, apportion, make over ; fix ; des- 
ignate for a specific purpose ; point 
out exactly ; to transfer or make 
over to another, as for the benefit 
of creditors : n. an appurtenance ; 
one to whom property or interest 
is assigned by will or deed. 

assignat (as'ig-nat, French a-se- 
nya'), n. a money or currency bond 
issued by the French Revolutionary 
Government (1789-96). 

assignation (as-ig-na'shun), n. the 
act of assigning ; an appointment to 
meet [used chiefly of love-meetings 
and in a bad sense] ; the transfer 
of title, or the deed of transferment. 

assignee (as-si-ne'), n. one to whom 
an assignment of anything is made, 
either in trust or for his own use 
and enjoyment. 

assignment (as-sin'ment), n. a set- 
ting apart, allotment, or appoint- 
ment to some particular person or 
use; transfer of title or interest; 
the deed of writing effecting such a 
transfer. 



ate, arm, 



:, ai, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book : hue, hut : think, then. 



flSS 



70 



ass 



assignor (as-si-nor'), n. one who as- 
signs or transfers an interest. 

assimilable (as-sim'i-la-bl), adj. ca- 
pable of being assimilated. 

assimilate (as-sim'i-lat), v.i. to 
bring to conformity or agreement 
with something else ; convert or in- 
corporate into organic substance ; 
absorb or appropriate, as nourish- 
ment : v.i. to be converted into or 
become incorporated with the sub- 
,, stance of the animal body. 

assimilation (as-sim-i-la'shun), n. 
the act or process of assimilating ; 
the state of being assimilated. 

assimilative (as-sim'i-la-tiv), adj. 
having the power of assimilating, or 
causing assimilation. 

assist (as-sist'), v.t. to help; aid; 
give support to ; attend : v.i. to lend 
help or aid. 

assistance (as-sis'tans), n. help; 
furtherance ; aid ; succor ; support. 

assistant (as-sis'tant), adj. helping; 
lending aid ; auxiliary : n. one who, 
or that which, assists ; a helper ; an 
auxiliary. 

assistful (as-sist'fool), adj. helpful. 

assize (as-siz'), n. [pi. assizes ('ez)], 
a court or session of justice for the 
trial by jury of civil or criminal 
cases ; the sessions held periodically 
in each county of England by judges 
of the Supreme Court [usually in 
the pi.] ; the time or place of hold- 
ing the assize [usually in the pi.]. 

assizement (as-slz'ment), n. an in- 
spection of weights and measures, 
enacted by statute. 

assizer (as-si'zer) or assizor ('zer), 
n. a juror. 

associate (as-so'shi-at ),!?.*. to unite; 
join with ; connect ; accompany, as 

I a companion, friend, or confederate : 
v.i. to unite in company ; keep com- 
pany ; unite in action : adj. joined 
in interest, object, or purpose ; 
sharing office or employment, as a 
colleague or partner ; connected by 
habit, function, or sympathy : n. a 
companion ; a confederate ; an ally ; 
one belonging to a society or insti- 
tution, usually of a lower grade 
than a Member or Fellow. 

-association (as-so-shi-a'shun), n. 
the act of associating or state of 



being associated ; union ; conjunc- 
tion ; an associate body of persons 
formed for a common object ; a so' 
ciety. 

associative (as-so-shi-a'tiv), adj. 
tending to or characterized by asso- 
ciation. 

assonance (as'so-nans), n. resem- 
blance of sound ; a species of rhyme 
which consists in the use of the 
same vowel-sound in the last sylla- 
ble of words having different conso- 
nants. 

assonant (as'so-nant), adj. having 
resemblance of sound; pertaining 
to, or possessing, assonance. 

assort (as-s6rt'), v.t. to divide or 
separate into lots according to ar- 
rangement ; to classify ; arrange : 
v.i. to agree ; suit ; be in accordance 
with. 

assortment (as-s6rt'ment), n. the 
act of assorting or placing out ; a 
classified collection of articles or 
goods of a varied character. 

assuade (as-swad'), v.t. to present, 
as advice ; urge persuasively. 

assuage (as-swaj'), v.t. to soften; 
mitigate, allay, lessen, satisfy, or ap- 
pease. 

assuagement (as-swaj'ment), n. 
mitigation ; a lenitive application or 
medicine. 

assume (as-sum'), v.t. to take to; 
take in or into ; take upon one's 
self ; arrogate or appropriate ; take 
for granted ; take in appearance ; 
pretend to possess : v.i. to be arro- 
gant ; presume ; claim more than is 
one's due ; give a legal undertaking ; 
pretend ; usurp. 

assumpsit (as-sump'sit), n. a verbal 
or unsealed contract based on a con- 
sideration ; an action to enforce 
such a contract. 

assumption (as-sump'shun), n. the 
act of assuming or taking to or 
upon one's self ; taking for granted ; 
the thing supposed ; a postulate ; the 
taking up of a person to heaven ; 
a verbal or unsealed contract. 

assumptive (as-sump'tiv), adj. as- 
sumed, or capable of assumption. 

assurable ( a-shtir'a-bl ) , adj. capable 
of being assured or insured. 



^ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



71 



ast 



assurance (a-shtir'ans), n, the act 
of assuring ; an earnest or testimony 
intended or tending to elicit or in- 
spire confidence ; certain expecta- 
tion ; confidence ; self-possession ; 
self-reliance ; impudence ; a deed 
or other legal evidence of the con- 
veyance of property ; a security or 
contract to make good a loss, or pay 
over a sum at death or at some de- 
terminate age. 

assure (a-shur'), v.f. to make sure 
or certain ; to inspire confidence by 
declaration or promise ; secure to 
another ; insure, or covenant for in- 
demnity in event of loss or death. 

assured (a-shurd'), p. adj. made cer- 
tain ; guaranteed ; self-possessed ; 
insured : n. a person insured. 

assuredly (-li), adv. certainly; ,with 
assurance. 

assuredness (-nes), n. certainty; 
full confidence. 

assurer (a-shtir'er), n. one who as- 
sures. 

Assyrian (as-sir'i-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to Assyria or to its inhabitants. 

Assyriology (as-sir-i-oro-jij, n. the 
science or study of the language and 
antiquities of Assyria. 

astatic (a-stat'ik), adj. without po- 
larity. 

astatically (-al-li), adv, in an 
astatic manner. 

astaticism ( a-stat'i-sizm ) , n. the 
state of being astatic. 

astay (a-sta'), adv. said of an anchor 
when on heaving it the cable makes 
an acute angle with the level of 
the water. 

Aster (as'ter), n. a genus of flower- 
ing-plants with rosette-shaped flow- 
ers, to which the Michaelmas-daisy 
belongs. 

aster,^ n. any plant of the genus Aster. 

asterial (as-te'ri-al), adj,. connected 
with, or related to, the stars. 

asteriated (as-te'ri-a-ted), adj. ra- 
diated ; having the form of a star. 

asterisk (as'ter-isk), n. the mark 
(,*) used in printing as a reference 
to a marginal passage or footnote 
appended to the text, or to indicate 
letters or words omitted (***) : v.t. 
to mark with an asterisk. 

asterisxn (as'ter-izm), n. a group or 



cluster of stars ; three asterisks 
placed in the form of a triangle 
[ »** or *** ] to direct attention to 
a particular passage ; the star-like 
appearance in certain crystals. 

astern (a-stern'), adj. & adv. at or 
toward the hinder part of a ship; 
behind a ship. 

asternal (a-ster'nal), adj. not joined 
to the sternum or breastbone : said 
of ribs. 

asteroid (as'ter-oid), adj. star-like; 
star-shaped : n. one of the small 
planets whose orbits lie between 
those of Mars and Jupiter ; a minor 
planet. 

asthenia (as-the-m'a), n. debility. 

asthenic (as-then'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or characterized by, asthe- 
nia ; feeble. 

asthma (ast'ma & as'mS^), n. a respi- 
ratory disease, chronically recurrent 
and attended by difficulty of breath- 
ing, with a wheezing cough and a 
sense of constriction in the chest. 

asthmatic (ast-mat'ik), or asth- 
matical ^ 'i-kal ) , adj. pertaining 
to asthma ; affected by asthma : n. 
a person suffering from the dis- 
ease. 

asthmatically (-li), adv. in an 
asthmatical manner. 

astigmatic (as-tig-mat'ik), adj. per- 
taining to, affected with, or curing 
astigmatism. 

astigmatism (as-tig'ma-tizm), or 
astigmism ('mizm), n. a defect 
in the structure of the eye causing 
variation of the focus of the crys- 
talline lens. 

astir (a-ster'), adv. or adj. on the 
move ; active ; stirring. 

astomatous (as-tom'a-tus), or as- 
tomous (as'to-mus), adj. destitute 
of a mouth ; without breathing 
pores. 

astonish (as-ton'ish), v.t. to strike 
with sudden wonder ; surprise ; 
amaze. 

astonishment (as-ston'ish-ment), n. 
the state of being astonished; 
amazement. 

astound (as-tound'), v.t. to strike 
with amazement ; shock ; alarm ; 
stun. 



ate, arm, 



:, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, ihen. 



ast 



72 



ast 



astraddle (a-strad'l), adv. with one 
leg on each side of something ; 
astride. 

astragal (as'tra-gal), n. a small 
molding or bead of semicircular 
form : called also a roundel ; the 
astragalus ; the circular molding 
near the mouth of a cannon. 

astragalus (as-trag'al-us), n. [pi. 
astragali (-li)], the ball of the 
ankle-joint ; the lower bone into 
which the tibia articulates. 

astrakhan (as'tra-kan), n. the skins 
of young lambs with curly wool, ob- 
tained from Astrakhan, a city in 
Russia ; an imitation with a pile 
resembling this wool or fur. 

astral (as'tral), adj. pertaining to 
the stars ; starry ; star-shaped ; per- 
taining to a super-sensible sub- 
stance presumed by occultists to 
pervade the regions of space and to 
enter into the composition of all 
bodies. 

astral body (bod'i), n. a kind of 
ethereal body said by the occultists 
to be capable of projection to a dis- 
tance, and to possess the power of 
occupying two places at the same 
instant ; a ghost or double. 

astral lamp (lamp), n. a lamp sim- 
ilar to an Argand lamp, giving an 
uninterrupted light. 

astral spirits (spir'itz), n.pl. spirits 
formerly supposed to inhabit the 
stars, and represented as fallen an- 
gels or spirits of fire. 

astray (a-stra'), adv. out of the 
right way ; wandering. 

astride (a-strld'), adv. with the legs 
wide apart ; astraddle. 

astringency (as-trin'jen-si), n. the 
quality of being astringent; harsh- 
ness ; severity. 

astringent (as-trin'jent), adj. bind- 
ing ; contracting, opposed to laxa- 
tive : n. a substance or medicine 
that produces contraction of the 
tissues and checks discharges. 

astrolabe (as'tro-lab), n. an instru- 
ment formerly employed for taking 
the altitude of the sun or stars; a 
stereographie projection of the 
sphere on the plane of the equator 
or a meridian. 



astrologer (as-trol'o-jer), n. one 
who professes to forecast events by 
means of the stars. 

astrological (as-tro-loj'i-kal), adj, 
pertaining to astrology, or the prac- 
tice of astrology. 

astrologically (-li), adv. in an as- 
trological manner ; according to 
astrology. 

astrology ( as-trol'o- ji ) , n. predesti- 
nation by the stars ; the art ancient- 
ly pursued of foretelling or fore- 
casting the future of mankind, by 
reference to the influence supposed 
to be exerted by the stars in their 
various aspects and relative posi- 
tions upon the course of human 
destiny. 

astrometer (as-trom'e-ter), n. an 
instrument for ascertaining and 
comparing the relative magnitude 
and luster of the stars. 

astronomer (as-tron'o-mer), n. ona 
who studies, or is versed in, astron- 
omy. 

astronomer royal (roi'al), n. the 
official title of the astronomer in 
charge of a royal observatory in 
Great Britain and Ireland. 

astronomic (as-tro-nom'ik) or as- 
tronomical ('i-kal), adj. pertain- 
ing to astronomy, or according to 
astronomical laws. 

astronomical clock (klok), n. a 
clock which keeps sidereal time. 

astronomical signs (sinz),w.pZ. the 
signs of the zodiac. 

astronomical year (yer), n. a year 
the length of which is determined 
by astronomical observations. 

astronomically (-li), adv. in an as- 
tronomical manner. 

astronomy (as-tron'o-mi), n. the 
study of the heavenly bodies ; the 
science "which treats of their mag- 
nitude, motions, relative positions, 
and all connective phenomena. 

astropbotograpky ( as-tro-f o-tog'- 
jra-fi ) , n. photography applied to the 
delineation of the heavenly bodies. 

astr ophot ometer ( as-tro-f o-tom'e- 
ter), h. an instrument for measur- 
ing the intensity of the light of 
stars. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ast 



73 



atm, 



I 



astrophysical (as-tro-fiz'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to the physical structure 
of the stars. 

astute (as-tut'), adj. shrewd; keenly 
penetrating ; sagacious ; cunning ; 
crafty. 

asunder (a-sun'der), adv. apart; 
separately ; into parts. 

as wail (as'wal), n. the sloth-bear of 
India. 

asylum (a-si'lum), n. [pi. asylums 
('lumz)], a sanctuary or place of 
refuge wherein formerly criminals 
and debtors might find immunity 
from arrest ; an institution for the 
care or relief of the aged, destitute, 
or afflicted. 

asymmetrical (as-i-met'ri-kal), adj. 
not symmetrical ; disproportionate. 

asymmetrically (-li), adv. not 
symmetrical. 

asymmetry (a-sim'e-tri), n. lack of 
symmetry or proportion between ihe 
parts of a thing. 

asyndeton (a-sin'de-ton), n. a figure 
of speech which omits connectives, 
as "I came, I saw, I conquered. 

atavism (at'a-vizm), n. the rever- 
sion, or tendency to revert, to the 
ancestral type of a species ; resem- 
blance to a remote ancestor, ex- 
hibited by a certain organism ; the 
recurrence of any peculiarity or dis- 
ease from which an ancestor in re- 
mote generations has suffered. 

atavistic (at-a-vis'tik), adj. of, or 
pertaining to, atavism. 

ataxia (a-tak'si-a), or ataxy ('si), 
n. irregularities in the functions of 
the body or in the course of a dis- 
ease. 

ataxic (a-tak'sik), adj. pertaining to, 
or characterized by, ataxy. 

ataxic fever (-fe'ver), n. typhus 
fever of a malignant type. 

ate (et & at), p.t. of eat. 

atelier (a'te-lya), n. a workshop; 
the studio of a painter or sculptor. 

atheism (a'the-izm), n. disbelief in 
the existence of a God. 

atheist (a'the-ist), n. one who dis- 
believes or denies the existence of a 
God. 

atheistic (a-the-is'tik), or atheis- 



tical ('ti-kal), adj. pertaining to, 
containing, or implying atheism. 

atheistically (-li), adv. in an athe- 
istic manner ; impiously. 

atheneum, athenseum ( ath-e-ne'- 
um), n. [pi. atheneums ('umz) & 
athensea ('a)], an institution, club, 
or building devoted to the purposes 
or study of literature, science and 
art. 

athermancy (a-ther'man-si), n. im- 
permeability to radiant heat. 

athermanous ('ma-nus), adj. im- 
pervious to radiant heat. 

athirst (a-thersf), adj. in want of 
drink. 

athlete (ath'let), n. a competitor for 
a prize in public games ; one trained 
to contend in feats of physical 
prowess ; one possessed of great 
physical strength. 

athletic (ath-let'ik) , adj. pertaining 
to athletes, or their performances ; 
strong ; robust ; vigorous ; muscular, 

athletically ('i-kal-li), adv. in an 
athletic manner. 

athleticism (ath-let'i-sizm), n. the 
practice of athletic games or exer- 
cises. 

athletics (ath-let'iks), n. any sys- 
tem of athletic training by gymnas- 
tic exercises or outdoor sports ; ath- 
letic exercises collectively. 

athwart ( a-thwawrt' ) , prep, across; 
from side to side : adv. crosswise ; 
obliquely ; across the course or di- 
rection of a ship. 

athwart-ships (-ships), adv. phr, 
across a ship from one side to the 
other. 

atilt (a-tilt')» d^v. & adj. in the posi- 
tion or with the action of a person 
making a thrust ; tilted. 

atlantes (at-lan'tez), n.pl. figures or 
half-figures of men, used in place 
of columns or pilasters to support 
an entablature. 

atlas (at'las), n. [pi. atlases ('ez)], 
a collection of maps in a volume ; 
a work in tabulated form ; a large 
size of drawing-paper. 

atlas-powder (at'las-pou'der) , n. a 
powerful nitro-glycerine blasting 
compound. 

atmidometer (at-mi-dom'e-ter), n. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



atm 



74 



ati' 



an instrument for measuring the 
evaporation from ice, snow, or 
water. 

atmology (at-mol'o-ji), n. the 
science of aqueous vapor, its laws 
and phenomena. 

atmometer (at-mom'e-ter), n. an 
instrument for measuring the rate 
and amount of evaporation from 
I a moist surface. 

atmospliere (at'mos-fer), n. the 
aeriform fluid surrounding the 
earth, composed of a mechanical 
mixture of 79 parts by volume of 
nitrogen with 21 parts of oxygen, 
and a trace of carbonic acid and 
argon, with a varying proportion 
of aqueous vapor, ammonia, ozone, 
and organic matter ; the gaseous 
envelope surrounding any of the 
heavenly bodies ; the influence, men- 
tal and moral, exerted on a person 
by his environments. 

atmospheric (at-mos-fer'ik), or at- 
mospherical ('i-kal), adj. pertain- 
ing to, resembling, or consisting of, 
existing in, or dependent upon, the 
atmosphere. 

atmospheric pressure (-presh'er), 
n. the pressure exerted in every di- 
rection upon a body by the atmos- 
phere ; equivalent to 14 2-3 lb. on the 
sq. in., or 1,033 grams on the sq. 
centimeter. 

atoll (a-tol' & at'ol), n. a coral island 
having the form of an outer ring of 
coral surrounding a basin or lagoon. 

atom (at'um), n. an ultimate indi- 
visible particle of matter. 

atomic (a-tom'ik), or atomical 
(_'i-kal), adj. pertaining to, or con- 
sisting of, atoms ; extremely minute. 

atom.ic weight (a-tom'ik wat), n. 
the weight of the atom of any ele- 
ment as compared with another 
taken as a standard, usually hydro- 
gen, taken as 1. 

atomically (-li), adv. in an atomic 
manner. 

atomicity (at-o-mis'i-ti), n. equiva- 
lence ; the combining capacity of an 
element. 

atomize (at'um-iz), v.t. to reduce to 
atoms or exceedingly fine particles. 



atomizer (at'um-izer), n. an instru- 
ment constructed to reduce a liquid 
to spray. 

atonable (a-ton'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being atoned for. 

atone (a-ton') , v.i. [p.t. &p.p. atoned 
p.pr. atoning], to make reparation 
or amends, as for injury done or im- 
plied ; expiate ; make satisfaction 
for ; reconcile. 

atonement (a-ton'ment), n. repara- 
tion or satisfaction offered or made 
in return for injury ; expiation of 
wrong or sin by suffering; the 
recompense for sin typified by the 
sufferings and death of Christ ; 
reconciliation. 

atonic (a-ton'ik), adj. wanting tone, 
or vital energy ; unaccented : n. an 
unaccented word or syllable ; a medi- 
cine to allay excitement. 

atony (at'o-ni), n. want of tone; de- 
bility ; weakness of any organ. 

atrip (a-trip'), adv. just clear of the 
ground. 

atrium (a'tri-um), n. [pi. atria 
(-a)], the square entrance-hall, 
lighted from above, constituting the 
chief apartment in an ancient Ro- 
man house ; a hall or entrance- 
court ; a portico ; the auricular por- 
tion of the heart ; a cavity. 

atrocious (a-tro'shus), adj. wicked 
in the highest degree ; extremely 
criminal or cruel ; outrageous ; ex- 
hibiting or characterized by great 
atrocity ; flagrant. 

atrocity (a-tros'i-ti), n. [pi. atroci- 
ties (-tiz)], enormous wickedness; 
abominable cruelty ; an atrocious 
deed. 

atrophy (at'ro-fi), n. a wasting, or 
diminution in bulk, of the body, or 
any part of the body arising from 
lack of nourishment ; the degenera- 
tion of an organ or part : v.i. [p.t. 
& p.p. atrophied, p.pr. atrophying], 
to waste away ; to dwindle. 

atropin (at'ro-pin), or atropine 
-pin), n. a crystalline alkaloid of 
very poisonous nature extracted 
from the deadly nightshade (bella- 
donna), having the singular proper- 
ty of producing dilatation of the 
pupil of the eye. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



atr 75 

atropism (at'ro-pizm), n. poisoning 
by atropin or belladonna. 

attach (at-tach'), v.t. to fasten, or 
fix, to or on ; bind ; connect with or 
appoint to ; connect by ties of affec- 
tion ; to take, or seize, by legal 
authority : v.i. to adhere. 

attache (at-ta-sha'), n. one who is 
attached to another, or as part of a 
suite or staff, as of an embassy or 
legation. 

attachment (at-tach'ment), n. the 
1^ act of attaching ; adherence ; fidel- 
ity ; affection or regard ; that which 
attaches, or the thing which is at- 
tached ; a taking into custody or 
seizure of the person, goods, or 
estate by virtue of a legal process. 

attack (at-tak'), v.t. to assault; fall 
upon with force ; assail with intent 
to overcome or to damage, discredit, 
or bring into ridicule ; begin to af- 
fect or act upon, as disease : v.i. to 
make an onset or attack : n. the act 
of attacking in any sense of the 
word. 

attain, (at-tan'), v.t. to achieve; 
gain ; compass ; accomplish : v.i. to 
reach ; come, or arrive at. 

attainability ( at-ta-na-biri-ti ) , n. 
attainableness. 

attainable ( at-ta'na-bl ) , adj. ca- 
pable of being attained. 

attainableness (-nes), n. the qual- 
ity of being attainable. 

attainder (at-tan'der), n. the act of 
attainting, or the state of being at- 
tainted ; an act, formerly in opera- 
tion, for the deprivation of all civil 
rights and of power to inherit or 
transmit property : applied to per- 
sons under sentence of death or out- 
lawry for treason or felony. 

attainment (at-tan'ment), n. the act 
of attaining ; the act of arriving at 
or reaching, as the result of exer- 
tion or effort; that which is at- 
tained ; an acquisition. 

attaint (at-tant), v.t. to taint; cor- 
rupt ; sully or stain by disgrace. 

attar of roses (at'ar of roz'ez), n. 
an essential oil expressed from the 
petals of the rose. Written also 
atar, ottar, and otto. 

attemper ( at-tem'per ; , v.t. to re- 
duce, modify, or moderate by mix- 



att 



ture ; regulate ; temper ; smooth, 
soften, or mollify ; mix in proper 
proportion ; fit or adapt. 

attempt (at-tempt'), v.t. to make an 
effort to accomplish ; try ; endeavor 
or essay to perform ; try to win or 
seduce ; attack, or invade : n. a trial, 
essay, or endeavor ; an effort to 
gain a point ; an attack or assault. 

attend (at-tend'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
-ed, p.pr. -ing], to wait upon; ac- 
company or be present with ; serve 
or look after in any capacity ; be 
present at ; accompany or follow : 
v.i. to pay heed or regard to ; listen ; 
be in attendance upon. 

attendance (at-ten'dans), n. the act 
of attending ; waiting on ; presence ; 
the persons attending ; retinue. 

attendant (at-ten'dant), n. one who 
attends or accompanies in service or 
train of another ; one who is pres- 
ent ; that which attends or is conse- 
quent upon anything else : adj. ac- 
companying ; being present ; con- 
nected or consequent upon ; depend- 
ing on or owing duty or service to. 

attention (at-ten'shun), n. the act 
of applying the mind to anything ; 
consideration or regard for any per- 
son or thing ; a mark or act of civil- 
ity or courtesy ; care for the com- 
fort of others ; a military command 
to assume the attitude of atten- 
tion. 

attentive (at-ten'tiv), adj. heedful; 
full of attention ; intent ; mindful ; 
regardful of the wishes of others. 

attenuant (at-ten'u-ant), adj. mak- 
ing thir, as fluids ; diluting ; dimin- 
ishing in denseuess : n. a medicine 
which thins the fluids of the body; 
a diluent. 

attenuate (at-ten'u-at) , v.t. to make 
thin or slender ; weaken or .reduce ; 
thin out by dilution ; rarefy : v.i. 
to become thin, slender, or fine : les- 
sen : adj. made thin ; dilute ; rare- 
fied ; tapering ; slender. 

attenuation (at-ten-ti-a'shun), n. 
the act or process of making slender, 
or thinning out by dilution; the 
state of being slender. 

attest (at-tesf), i:t. to bear witness 
to ; certify as being genuine or true, 



ate^ arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



att 



76 



ano 



especially in an official sense ; give 
proof of ; manifest. 

attestation (at-tes-ta'shun), n. the 
act of attesting ; testimony or evi- 
dence given on oath, or by official 
declaration ; swearing in. 

attestor (at-tes'ter), n. one who at- 
tests. 

attic (at'tik), n, an uppermost room 
in a house immediately beneath the 
roof ; a garret. 

Attic (at'tik), ac?/./ pertaining to At- 
tica, in Greece ; classical ; elegant. 

Atticisiu (at'i-sizm), n. a peculiarity 
of style or idiom characterizing the 
Attic rendering of the Greek lan- 
guage ; elegant manner of expres- 
sion. 

attire (at-tir'), v.t. to dress; clothe; 
array ; adorn : n. dress ; clothes ; 
habit ; garb ; the horns of a stag, 
employed as a heraldic bearing. 

attitude (at'ti-ttid), n. bodily posi- 
tion or posture ; the bearing as- 
sumed by a person or body of per- 
sons indicative of feeling, opinion, 
&c. 

attitudinal ( at-ti-tu'di-nal ) , adj. 
pertaining to attitude. 

attitu dinar ian (at - ti-tti-di-na'ri- 
an), n. one who studies or affects 
attitudes. 

attitudinize (at-ti-tu'di-niz), v.i, to 
pose for effect. 

attorney (at-ter'ni)," n. [pi. attor- 
neys (-nez)], one legally qualified 
to act for another in the transaction 
of private business, or in the man- 
agement, prosecution, or defense of 
actions at law. 

attorney-general (-jen'er-al), n. 
the chief law officer appointed to 
act for the government ; the chief 
law officer of a State. 

attorneyship (at-ter'ni-ship), n. 
agency for another. 

attract (at-trakf), v.t. to draw to 
or towards ; cause to approach ; 
draw by moral influence ; allure ; 
entice. 

attract ability (at-trak'ta-bil'i-ti), 
n. the quality of being attractable ; 
the power of attraction. 

attractile (at-trak'til), adj. having 
the power to attract. 



attraction (at-trak'shun), n. the 
power or act of attracting; the 
force exerted by one body or mass 
upon or over the constituent par- 
ticles of another, by which it tends 
to overcome the resistance to mo- 
tion, and to draw them together ; 
tendency to coherence, i 

attractive (at-trak'tiv), adj. having 
the power or tendency to attract ; al- 
luring ; inviting : n. that which at- 
tracts, allures, or charms. 

attributable ( at-trib'u-ta-bl ) , adj. 
capable of being attributed. 

attribute (at-trib'ut), v.t. to as- 
cribe, impute, assign : n. (at'tri-but), 
that which is attributed, as quality ; 
trait ; property ; a characteristic ; 
an attributive adjunct or adjective ; 
that which may be predicated of any 
subject. 

attribution (at-tri-bu'shun), n. the 
act of attributing ; designation. 

attributive (at-trib'ti-tiv), adj. per- 
taining to, of the nature of, or ex- 
pressing, an attribute : n. a word 
denoting an attribute ; a word joined 
to and describing a noun ; an adjec- 
tive or adjective p^irase. 

attrite (at-trif), adj. worn by fric- 
tion ; repentant through fear of pun- 
ishment. 

attrition (at-trish'un), n. the act of 
wearing by rubbing ; abrasion ; the 
state of being worn ; grief for sin 
arising only from fear of punish- 
ment. 

attune ( at-tun' ) ,. v.f . to put in tune; 
bring into accordance or harmony, 

atypic (a-tip'ik), or atypical ('i- 
kal), adj. without definite typical 
character ; not comformable to the 
type. 

auburn (aw'burn), adj. reddish- 
brown. 

auction (awk'shun), n. a public sale 
of property or effects conducted on 
the principle of the highest bidder 
becoming the purchaser of any par- 
ticular lot put up for sale ; the 
property or effects offered for sale 
by auction : v.t. to sell by auction. 

auctioneer (awk-shun-er'), n. one 
licensed to sell property or goods 
by public auction : v.i. to sell by 
auction. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



mud 



77 



aur 



audacious (aw-da'shus), adj. bold; 
daring ; spirited ; insolent ; impu- 
dent ; characterized by shameless ef- 
frontery. 

audacity (aw-das'i-ti), n. [pi. audac- 
ities (-tiz)], boldness; daring; spir- 
it ; presumptuousness ; impudence ; 
effrontery. 

audible (aw'di-bl), adj. capable of 
being heard, 

audibly 1-bli), adv. so as to be 
heard. 

audience (aw'di-ens), n. the act of 
hearing ; admittance to a hearing or 
formal interview with one of high 
position ; an assembly of hearers. 

audient (aw'di-ent), adj. hearing; 
listening. 

audiometer (aw-di-om'e-ter), n. an 
instrument for gauging the power of 
^ hearing. 

K audiphone ( aw'di-f on ), w. an instru- 
ment constructed to assist the deaf 
by collecting the sound-waves and 
conveying the vibrations to the 
auditory nerves through the medium 
of the teeth. 

audit (aw'dit), n. official examina- 
tion and verification of claims or ac- 
counts with vouchers and the at- 
tendance of witnesses to effect a set- 
tlement ; a receipt of rent at stated 
times : v.t. to examine and adjust,^ as 
accounts or claims : vA. to examine 
an account ; act as auditor. 

auditor (aw'di-ter), n. a hearer or 
listener ; a person appointed to ex- 
amine and verify accounts and 
claims ; one who hears judicially, as 
in an audience court. 

auditorium (aw-di-to'ri-um), n. [pi. 
auditoria (-a), & auditoriums 
(-umz)], the space in a theater or 
other public building assigned to the 
audience. 

auditory (aw'di-t5-ri), adj. pertain- 
ing to hearing, or to the sense or 
organs of hearing : n. an audience ; 
a place or space allotted to hearers ; 
an auditorium. 

auger (aw'ger), n. a tool for boring 
holes. 

aught (awt), n. anything; any part: 
adv. in any way ; at all. 

augment (awg-menf), v.t. to in- 
crease ; to enlarge in size or ex- 



tent ; to add an augment to : v.i. to 
grow larger ; increase in size and 
strength : n. increase ; enlargement ; 
a vowel prefixed, 6r a lengthening 
of the initial vowel. 

augmentation ( awg-men-ta'shun ) , 
71. increase ; the increase in time- 
value of the notes of a theme ; an 
additional charge to a coat of arms 
bestowed as a mark of honor ; the 
period of increase in a fever before 
the crisis is reached. 

augmentative ( awg - men'ta-ti v ) , 
adj. having the quality or power of 
augmenting : n. a word or affix 
which expresses with greater force 
the idea conveyed by the term from 
which it is derived : opposed to di- 
minutive. 

augur (aw'ger), n. one who officially 
predicted events by the observation 
and interpretation of natural signs 
or omens, the flight of birds, the in- 
spection of the entrails of slaugh- 
tered victims, the occurrence of me- 
teorological phenomena, &c. ; one 
who professes to foretell events by 
omens ; a soothsayer ; a prophet : 
v.i. to conjecture from signs or 
omens : v.t. to predict or prognosti- 
cate ; betoken_ or infer. 

augury (aw'gu-ri), n. [pi. auguries 
(-riz)], the art or practice of fore- 
telling events by reference to natural 
signs or omens ; an omen ; predic- 
tion ; presage. 

august ( aw-gust' ) , adj. grand ; in- 
vested with grandeur and dignity; 
majestic ; of a nature to inspire awe 
and reverence. 

August (aw'gust), n. the eighth 
month of the year. 

auk (awk), n. the name given to the 
members of a family of arctic diving 
birds. The Great Auk is now ex- 
tinct. Also spelled awk. 

aulic (aw'lik), adj. pertaining to a 
royal court. 

aunt (ant), n. the sister of one's 
father or mother. 

aura (aw'ra), n. a subtle, vaporous 
streaming, or exhalation, supposed 
to emanate from a living body or 
substance, as aroma, effluvium, or 
the subtle essence of its individual 
nature ; a sensation as of a stream 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



78 



aut 



of air rising from a part of the body 
toward the head, and preceding an 
epileptic seizure or hysteria. 

aural (aw'ral), aclj, pertaining to the 
air or to an aura ; pertaining to the 
ear, or to the sense of hearing. 

aureate (aw're-at), adj. golden; 
gilded ; golden-yellow. 

aurelia (aw-re'lya), n. the pupa or 
chrysalis of an insect. 

aurelian (aw-re'lyan), adj. pertain- 
ing to the aurelia : n. one who makes 
a special study of butterflies and 
moths. 

aureola (aw-re'o-la), or aureole 
(aw're-61), n. a halo, radiance, or 
luminous cloud encircling the figures 
of Christ, the Virgin, and the saints 
as represented by the painters ; any- 
thing resembling an aureola. 

auric (aw'rik), adj. pertaining to 
gold. 

auricle (aw'ri-kl), n. the external 
ear ; that part of the ear which pro- 
jects from the head ; one of two 
chambers of the heart which receive 
the blood from the veins and trans- 
mit it to the ventricle or ventricles. 

auricular (aw-rik'u-lar), adj. per- 
taining to the ear or to the sense of 
hearing ; privately addressed, as to 
the priest in the confessional ; per- 
ceived by the ear ; known by report ; 
obtained by the ear ; ear-shaped ; 
pertaining to the auricles of the 
heart. 

auriculate (aw-rik'u-lat), or auric- 
ulated (-ed), adj. ear-shaped; hav- 
ing ears or ear-like appendages. 

auriferous (aw-rif'er-us), adj. gold- 
bearing ; yielding or containing 
gold. 

auriform (aw'ri-form), adj. ear- 
shaped ; having the form of the 
human ear. 

auriscope (aw'ri-skop), n. an in- 
strument for examining the ear. 

aurist (aw'rist), n. one skilled in the 
treatment of ear disorders. 

aurochs (aw'roks), n. the European 
bison. 

aurora (aw-ro'ra), n. {pi. auroras 
('raz) & aurorfe ('re)], the rising 
light of the morning ; the dawn or 
dayspring. 



aurora borealis (bo-re-a'lis), n. the 
northern lights, a luminous meteoric 
phenomenon manifesting itself by 
streams of light ascending from the 
northern horizon towards the zenith, 
or assuming the form of an arc 
having its ends on the horizon. 

aurora australis (aw-stra'lis), n. a 
phenomenon of corresponding nature 
in the southern hemisphere. 

aurous (aw'rus), adj. pertaining to 
gold. 

auscultate (aws'kul-tat), v.t. to ex- 
amine by auscultation. 

auscultation (aws-kul-ta'shun), n. 
a method of detecting chest disease 
by observing the sounds arising in 
the part, either by applying the ear 
directly to the chest or thorax, or by 
means of a stethoscope. 

auscultator (aws'kul-ta-ter), n. one 
who practices auscultation ; a steth- 
oscope. 

auscultatory (aws-kul'ta-^o-ri), adj. 
pertaining to auscultation. 

auspice (aws'pis), n. {pi. auspices 
(-ez)], an omen drawn from birds; 
an omen ; a predication as to the 
future ; protection ; patronage ; fa- 
voring influence (generally In pi.). 

auspicious (aws-pish'us), adj. hav- 
ing promise of success or happiness ; 
propitious ; prosperous ; fortunate. 

austere (aws-ter'), adj. sour; harsh; 
rough to the taste ; severe ; rigid in 
character or mode of living ; severe- 
ly simple. 

austerity (aws-ter'i-ti), n. severity 
of manner or life ; harsh discipline ; 
rigorous simplicity. 

austral (aws'tral), adj. southern. 

authentic (aw-then'tik), or an- 
thentical ('ti-kal), adj. genuine; 
original ; duly authorized ; true ; 
trustworthy ; vested with all due 
formalities, and legally attested. 

authentically (-li), adv. in an au- 
thentic manner. 

authenticate (aw-then'ti-kat), v.t. 
to make authentic ; give authority to 
by accordance with legal formalities ; 
to establish as genuine. 

authentication ( aw - then - ti-ka - 
shun), n. the act of authenticating. 



ate, arm \sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ant 



79 



ant 



authenticity ( aw-then-tis'i-ti ) , n. 
the quality of being authentic ; au- 
thority. 

autlior (aw'ther), n. the beginner or 
prime mover of anything ; an ef- 
ficient cause; an originator; a 
creator ; one who composes or writes 
a book ; a composer. 

authoress (aw'ther-es), n. a female 
author. [The term author is now 
generally used without regard to 
I sex.] 

authoritative ( aw - thor 'i-ta-tiv ) , 
adj. having due authority, or the air 
of being duly authorized ; positive, 
dictatorial ; magisterial ; command- 
ing. 

authority (aw-thor'i-ti), n. [pi. au- 
thorities (-tiz)], power or right to 
act or command ; dominion ; juris- 
diction ; power derived from opinion, 
respect, or reputation ; influence ; 
justification or support for state- 
ment or action; a person invested 
with power to act or command ; one 
deserving of credit, to whom ap- 
peal or reference can be made; in 
pi. the government ; the constituted 
authorities. 

authorization (aw-ther-i-za'shun) , 
n. the act of authorizing ; establish- 
ment by authority. 

authorize ( aw'ther-iz) , v.t. to vest 
with authority; give a right to act 
or command ; empower ; legalize ; 
establish or confirm by authority. 

auto (aw'to), n. an abbreviation in 
common use for automobile. 

auto, prefix meaning self; of one's 
self; of itself. 

autobiographic ( aw-to-bl-o-graf '- 
ik), or autobiographical ('i-kal), 
adj. pertaining to autobiography, 

autobiographically (-li), adv. in 
an autobiographic manner. 

autobiography ( aw-to-bi-og'ra-f i ) , 
n. \_pl. autobiographies (-fiz)], a 
biography, account, or character- 
sketch of a person written by him- 
self. 

autocar (aw'to-kar), n. a carriage 
containing within itself the machin- 
ery necessary for its own propulsion. 

autocracy (aw-tok'ra-si), n. [pi. au- 
tocracies (-siz)], absolute, uncon- 



trolled authority ; supremacy ; gov- 
ernment by one invested with 
absolute and uncontrolled authority ; 
autonomy. 

autocrat (aw'to-krat), n. an abso- 
lute prince or sovereign ; one who 
rules without restriction. 

autocratic (aw-to-krat'ik or auto« 
cratical ( 'i-kal ) , adj. pertaining to 
autocracy ; absolute. 

autocratically (-li), adv. in an au- 
tocratic manner. 

autocycle (aw'to-si-kl), n. a motor 
bicycle. 

autodynamic (aw-to-dl-nam'ik), 
adj. operating by its own force. 

autogenic (aw-toj'en-ik) or autog- 
enous (-us), adj. self-generated; 
produced independently. 

autograph (aw'to-graf), adj. self- 
written ; in one's own handwriting : 
n. a person's own handwriting ; an 
original manuscript or signature : 
v.t. to reproduce by autography; to 
sign or write one's_ autograph. 

autographic (aw-to-graf'ik) or au- 
tographical ('i-kal), adj. pertain- 
ing to an autograph or personal 
handwriting; relating to, or used 
in, the process of autography; self- 
recording. 

autography (aw-tog'ra-fi), n. the 
science or study of autographs ; an 
original manuscript ; a process in 
lithography by which copies of 
writings or drawings are reproduced 
in facsimile. 

autogravure (aw-to-grav-ur'), n. a 
process of photo-engraving. 

autolatry (aw-tol'a-tri), n. self- 
worship. 

autology (aw-tol'o-ji), n. the scien- 
tific study of one's self. 

automatic (aw-to-mat'ik), or auto- 
matical ('i-kal), adj. having the 
power of self-motion or self-action; 
of the nature of an automaton; in- 
dependent of the will. 

automatically (-li), adv. in an au- 
tomatic manner. 

automatism (aw-tom'a-tizm), n. au- 
tomatic action ; the doctrine which 
assigns all animal functions to the 
active operation of physical laws. 

automaton (aw-tom'a-ton), n. [pi. 
automata (-ta), & automatons 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



I 



ant 



80 



(-tonz)], that which possesses the 
power of spontaneous movement 
without consciousness ; a self-acting 
machine. 

aiitoiaatous (aw-tom'a-tus), adj. 
spontaneous ; of the nature of an 
automaton. 

autometry (aw-tom'e-tri), n. the es- 
timation, or measurement, of one's 
self. 

automobile (aw-to-mo'bil), adj. self- 
moving, 

automobile (aw-to-mo-bel' & aw-to- 
mo'bil), n. a self-moving vehicle; 
motor-carriage. 

automobilist (aw-to-mo'bil-ist), n. 
one who rides in and manages an 
automobile ; a chauffeur. 

automorphism (aw-to-morf'ism) , n. 
the judgment of others by analogy 
from the knowledge of one's self. 

automotoT (aw'to-mo-ter), n. a self- 
acting machine. 

autonomic ( aw-to-nom'ik ) , or au- 
tonomous (-ton'o-mus), adj, per- 
taining to autonomy. 

autonomist (aw-ton'o-mist), n. a 
supportei^ of autonomy. 

autonomy (aw-ton'o-mi), n. \_pl. au- 
tonomies (-miz)], the power or 
right of self-government; the state 
of political independence. 

autonym (aw'to-nim), n. one's own 
name : opposed to pseudonym ; a 
work published under the author's 
real name. 

autopbon (aw'to-fon), n. a barrel- 
organ, the tunes of which are deter- 
mined by perforated mill-board. 

autoplasty (aw'to-plas-ti), n. the 
process of repairing lesions by ap- 
plication of tissue removed from an- 
other part. Called also rhinoplasty. 

autopsy ( aw'-top-si ) , n. personal ob- 
servation ; ocular demonstration ; a 
post-mortem examination. 

autotoxic (aw-to-toks'ik), adj. self- 
poisoning. 

autotruck (aw'-to-truk), n. a self- 
moving truck ;_ motor-truck. 

autotype (aw'to-tip), n. a facsimile; 
a photo-gelatine process of produc- 
ing pictures. 

autotypograpby ( aw-to-tl-pog'ra-fi ) , 
n. a kind of nature printing, by 
the transference of gelatine draw- 



ings on to a plate of soft metal from 
which the design is printed. 

autumn (aw'tum), n. the season be- 
tween summer and winter, begin- 
ning astronomically at the autumnal 
equinox, about September 22nd, and 
ending at the winter solstice, about 
December 23rd ; the period of de- 
cline or decay. 

autumnal (aw-tum'nal), a(Z;. belong- 
ing or peculiar to autumn ; pro- 
duced or gathered in autumn ; per- 
taining to the period of life when 
middle age is past : n. a plant that' 
flowers in autumn. 

autumnal equinox (e'kwi-noks), 
n. the time of the sun's southward 
passage across the equator, about 
September 22nd. 

auxiliary (awg-ziri-a-ri), adj. help- 
ing ; aiding ; assisting ; subsidiary : 
n. [pi. auxiliaries (-riz)], a helper; 
an assistant ; a confederate or ally ; 
aid of any kind ; a verb which helps 
to form the moods and tenses of oth- 
er verbs : pi. foreign troops in the 
service of a nation at war. 

avail (a-val'), v.i. to be of use, value, 
or service ; give profit : v.t. to turn 
to profit or advantage : n. use ; 
means towards an end ; advantage to 
an object : pi. proceeds or profits. 

availability (a-va'la-bil-i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being available^ 

avalancbe (av'a-lanch), n. the sud- 
den descent of a mass of compact 
snow or ice from the higher parts of 
a mountain ; a fall of rocks or earth 
from the heights of a mountain ; 
anything that overwhelms by sud- 
denness and irresistible force. 

avarice (av'a-ris), n. an inordinate 
or insatiable desire of gain ; covet- 
ousness ; cupidity ; greediness. 

avaricious (av-a-rish'us), adj. im- 
pelled by avarice ; greedy of gain ; 
grasping. 

avast (a-vast'), inter j. stop!, cease I 
hold ! 

avatar (av-a-tar') or avatara (-ta'- 
ra), n. the descent of a deity to 
earth in an incarnate form ; a man- 
ifestation or embodiment. 

avaunt (a-vawnf & a-vant'), inter j. 
begone ! depart ! an exclamation of 
contempt or abhorrence. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ftve 



81 



ave (a've & a've), inter j. hail! fare- 
well ! n. an Ave Maria ; a salutation. 

avenaceous (av-e-na'shus), adj, be- 
longing to or resembling oats. 

avenge (a-venj'), v.t. to exact pun- 
ishment or satisfaction for wrong or 
injury done to one's self or another : 
v.i. to execute vengeance ; to receive 
satisfaction for injury by the pun- 
ishment of the offender. 

avenue (av'e-nu), n. a way or means 
of approach to a place, a passage- 
way, drive, or alley bordered by trees 
leading to a house ; a broad road- 
way o7 street planted with trees. 

aver (a-ver), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. averred, 
p.pr. averring], to affirm positively; 
declare to be true; verify. 

average (av'er-aj), n. any charge ad- 
ditional to the cost of freightage • 
v.t. to find the mean, as of unequal 
sums or quantities ; reduce to a 
mean ; assign proportionately. 

averment ( a-ver 'ment), n. the act of 
affirming positively; verification; a 
statement or allegation as to facts. 

averse (a-vers'), adj. unwilling; un- 
favorable ; having a repugnance or 
disinclination to. 

aversion (a-ver'shun), n. opposition 
or repugnance of mind ; antipathy ; 
fixed dislike; hatred; the object or 
cause of dislike or repugnance. 

avert (a-verf), v.t. to turn aside or 
away; turn or ward off; prevent. 

avertible (a-vert'i-bl), adj. capable 
of being warded off, or averted. 

Avesta (a-ves'ta), n. the sacred writ- 
ings attributed to Zoroaster; the 
Zend-Avesta. 

avian (a'vi-an), adj. pertaining to 
birds. 

aviary (a'vi-a-ri), n. [pt. aviaries 
(-riz)], a house, large cage, or in- 
closure for the keeping and rearing 
of birds in confinement. 

aviation (a'vi-a-shun), n. the art of 
flying. 

aviator (aVi-a-ter), n. one who op- 
erates a flying machine. 

avicularinm (a-vik-u-lar-i-um), n. 
[pi. avicularia (-a)], the small pre- 
hensile process, resembling the head 
of a bird with a movable mandible, 
which continually snaps 



aviculture (a'vi-kul-ttir), n. the 
breeding and rearing of birds. 

avidity (a-vid'i-ti), n. greediness; 
eagerness ; strong appetite. 

avocation (av-o-ka'shun), n. a sub- 
ordinate or occasional occupation, as 
contradistinguished from vocation. 

avoid (a-void'), v.t. to keep away 
shunning ; the state of being vacant, 
make void : v.i. to become vacant or 
void. 

avoidance (a-voi'dans), n. the act of 
annulling or making void ; the act of 
shunning ; the state of being vacant. 

avoirdupois ( av-er-du-poiz' ) , a sys- 
tem of weights in which one pound 
contains 16 ounces : used generally 
for all commodities except precious 
metals, gems and drugs. 

avouch (a-vouch'), v.t. to affirm 
openly ; maintain ; declare positive- 
ly ; vouch for ; admit or confess. 

avow (a-vou'), v.t. to declare openly; 
acknowledge frankly ; to admit a-nd 
justify. 

avowal (a-vou'al), n. an open decla- 
ration ; a frank acknowledgment ; a 
confession. 

awabi (a-wa'be), n. an edible shell- 
fish found on the coast of Japan ; 
the abalone. 

ax^ait ( a-wat' ) , v.t. to wait for ; look 
for or expect ; be ready for. 

awake (a-wak'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
awoke, awaked, p.pr. awaking], to 
arouse from sleep, or from any state 
resembling sleep ; put into action ; 
infuse new life mto : v.i. to cease to 
sleep ; bestir one's self : adj. not 
sleeping ; roused from sleep or in- 
activity ; in a state of vigilance or 
action. 

awakening (a-wak'ning), n. the act 
of rousing from sleep ; a revival of 
religion, or activity of a particular 
religious sect : adj. rousing ; excit' 
ing ; alarming. 

award (a-wawrd'), v.t. to adjudge; 
assign by judicial sentence, or arbi- 
tration ; bestow in consideration of 
merit ; to determine or make an 
award : n. a judgment ; a decision ; a 
sentence ; the decision of arbitrators 
on points submitted to them ; ^ the 
document containing such decision ; 
that which is awarded or assigned. 



ate, arm, ^sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon» 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



82 



azl 



aware (a-war'), adj. on guard; 
watchful ; apprised ; cognizant ; con- 
scious ; vigilant. 

awash (a-wosh'), adj. & adv. on a 
level with the waves. 

away (a-wa'), adv. absent; at a dis- 
tance ; out of ; off ; in another direc- 
tion ; continuously : inter j. begone ! 
depart ! 

awe (aw), n. reverential fear; the 
feeling or emotion inspired by the 
contemplation of something sub- 
lime ; a sense of profound admira- 
tion and respect ; reverence : v.t. to 
strike or inspire with feelings of rev- 
erential respect or fear ; restrain by 
fear or respect. 

aweather (a-weth'er), adv. on the 
weather side, or toward the wind : 
n. opposed to alee. 

awful (aw'ful), adj. inspiring or im- 
pressing with profound fear or rev- 
erence ; of a dreadful or appalling 
nature ; solemn. 

awfully (-li), adv. in an awful man- 
ner ; excessively. 

awhile (a-hwil'), adv. for a period of 
time. 

awk. See auk. 

awkward (awk'werd), adj. wanting 
dexterity ; unskilful ; ungraceful or 
ungainly in shape, movement, or 
manners ; clumsy. 

awl (awl), n. a pointed instrument 
for piercing. 

awn (awn), n. the beard or bristle- 
like appendage of the outer glume of 
wheat, barley, and numerous grasses. 

awning (awn'ing), n. a covering of 
canvas or other cloth stretched upon 
a frame and used as a shelter from 
wind or sun. 

awny (aw'ni), adj. having bristles; 
bearded. 

awoke, p.t. of awake. 

awry (a-ri'), adj. or adv. turned or 
twisted toward one side ; erroneous. 

axal. See axial. 

axe or ax (aks), n. a tool or instru- 
ment of steel, or iron with a steeled 
edge, attached to a handle, used for 
the hewing of timber and chopping 
of wood. 

axial ( aks'i-al ) , adj. pertaining to an 
axis in any sense of the word. 



axially (-li), adv. in the direction of 
an axis. 

axiferous ( ak-sif 'e-rus ) , adj. con- 
sisting of stem or axis alone without 
leaves. 

axiform ( ak'si-f orm ) , adj. in the 
form of an axis. 

axil (ak'sil), n. the angle formed by 
the upper side of an organ or branch 
with the stem or trunk to which it 
is attached. 

axile (ak'sil), adj. pertaining to the 
axis ; situated or lying in the axis. 

axilla (ak-sil'a), n. [pi. axillae ('e)], 
the armpit, or cavity in the junction 
of the arm and shoulder ; the axil of 
a leaf. 

axillar (ak'si-lar), or axillary (-la- 
ri), adj. pertaining to the armpit; 
pertaining to, springing from, or sit- 
uated in, the axil. 

axiom (ak'si-um), n. an indisputable 
self-evident truth ; a proposition em- 
bodying a truth at once obvious and 
incontrovertible ; an established 
principle in an art or science. 

axiomatic (ak-si-o-mat'ik) or axio- 
matical ('i-kal), adj. pertaining 
to, or of the nature of, an axiom. 

axiomatically (-li), adv. in the 
manner, or by use, of accepted truth. 

axis (ak'sis), n. [pi. axes ('sez)], the 
straight line, real or imaginary, 
passing through a body, upon or 
around which such body revolves, or 
is supposed to revolve; a straight 
line drawn through the center of a 
bilateral symmetrical figure, as the 
spinal column ; the central line of 
any symmetrical body ; the stem or 
central column of a plant, round 
which the organs or parts are dis- 
posed ; the central region of a moun- 
tain chain. 

axis (ak'sis), n. the hog-deer of India. 

axle (ak'sl), n. the spindle, or por- 
tion of the axle-tree, which is in- 
serted in the hub of the wheel, and 
on which the wheel revolves. 

axle-box (-boks), n. a bushing in 
the hub of a wheel through which 
the axle passes. 

axle-tree (-tre), n. a bar connecting 
the opposite wheels of a carriage, 
on the rounded ends of which the 
wheels revolve. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



aye 

ay or aye (a), adv. always; for ever; 
continually. 

aye or ay (a or i), adv. or inter j. 
yes ; yea ; even so ; indeed : n. \_pl. 
ayes (iz)], the affirmative votes in 
a parliamentary division ; the mem- 
bers so voting. 

aye-aye (i'i), n. a singular nocturnal 
quadruped, native of Madagascar, 
and allied to the lemurs. 

Ayrshire (ar'shir), n. a fine breed of 
cattle from the county of Ayr, Scot- 
land, noted for their rich milk. 

Azalea (a-za'le-a), n. [pi. azaleas 
(-az)], a genus of plants, belonging 
to the rhododendron tribe, and re- 
markable for their showy flowers. 

azarine (az'a-rin), n. a bright red 
dye obtained from coal-tar. 

azimutli. (az'i-muth), n. an arc of 
the horizon j\itercepted between the 
meridian of a place and the vertical 



83 



circle passing through the center of 
a celestial body. 

azote (az'ot), n. the old name for 
nitrogen. 

Aztec (az'tek), adj. pertaining to the 
Aztec race. Also written Aztecan. 

azure (azh'ur & a'zhtir), adj. like the 
blue of the sky ; cerulean : n. the 
clear blue of the sky ; any pigment 
of this color ; the blue tint expressed 
in heraldry by horizontal shading. 

azure-stone (azh'ur-ston), n. the 
lapis lazuli, from which genuine ul- 
tramarine is made. 

azurine (azh'tir-in), n. a greyish-blue 
color. 

azurite (azh'ti-rit), n. blue carbonate 
of copper ; blue malachite or ches- 
sylite ; lazulite. 

azziiuina (at-si-me'na), a mode of 
decoration by damaskeening in gold 
and silver, &c. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, tJiQu. 




baa (ba), v.i. to cry, as a sheep; 
bleat : n. the cry or bleating of a 
sheep. 

Baalism (ba'al-izm), n. the worship 
of Baal ; gross idolatry. 

bab (bab), n. a fishing bob: v.i. [p.t. 
& p.p. babbed, p.pr. babbing] , to fish 
with a bob. 

baba (ba'ba), n, an Eastern title of 
respect. 

Babbitt-metal (bab'it-met-al), n. 
an anti-friction alloy of copper, tin, 
and zinc, used in crank and axle 
bearings, &c. 

babble (bab'bl), v.i. to utter indis- 
tinct or imperfect sounds ; prattle ; 
talk childishly ; murmur continu- 
ously : v.t. to utter ; prate ; repeat 
unintelligently ; tell secrets : n. un- 
meaning or foolish talk; a confused 
murmur. 

babbler (bab'ler), n. one who bab- 
bles ; a dog that gives tongue too 
frequently when on scent. 

babe (bab), n. [pi. babes (babz)], an 
infant or young child of either sex. 

babiroussa or babirussa (bab-i- 
roo'sa), n. the wild hog of Eastern 
Asia. Written also babyroussa, 
babyrussa. 

bablab (bab'la) or babul (ba-bool'), 
n. the rind of the legume of an East 
Indian species of the acacia, con- 
taining gallic acid and tannin. 

baboon (ba-boon'), n. the popular 
name of a large division of monkeys, 
which inhabit Africa and Arabia, 
and are characterized by a long dog- 
like snout, large canine teeth, great 
head, rudimentary tail, large callosi- 
. ties on the hips, and capacious cheek 
pouches ; an epithet of contempt. 



baboonery (ba-boon'er-i), n. [pi. 
babooneries, ( -iz ) ] , a collection of 
baboons ; behavior or conduct like 
that of a baboon. 

baboonisb. (ba-boon'ish), adj. like a 
baboon. 

baboosb or baboucbe (ba-boosh'), 
n. a kind of loose slipper worn in 
Oriental countries. Also written 
pabouche. 

babuina (bab-u-i'na), n. a female 
baboon. 

babul. See bablah. 

baby (ba'bi), n. [pi. babies ('biz)], 
an infant of either sex ; a small 
child : adj. pertaining to an infant 
or young child : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
babied, p.pr. babying], to' treat or 
fondle like a baby or young child; 
to keep dependent. 

baby-farm (ba'bi-farm), n. a place 
where young children are put out 
for nursing. 

babyish, (ba'bi-ish), adj. childish. 

babyism (ba'bi-izm), n. the charac- 
teristics of a baby; a childish man- 
ner of speech. 

Babylonian (bab-i-lo'ni-an), adj. 
pertaining to Babylonia; magnifi- 
cent ; luxurious. Also Babylonish. 

bacca (bak'a), n. a berry; any fleshy 
fruit ; a one-celled fruit with a soft 
outer envelope, and with naked 
seeds immersed in pulp. 

baccalaureate (bak-a-law're-at), n. 
the degree of Bachelor of Arts, Sci- 
ence, &c. : adj. pertaining to the 
degree of Bachelor. 

baccarat (bak-a-ra'), w. a French 
card game played between a banker 
and an unlimited number of betters 
with one or more packs of cards. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



64 



bac 



85 



bao 



baccate (bak'at) or baccated 
(-ted), adj. having many berries. 

bacchanal (bak'a-nal) or baccba- 
nalian (bak-a-na'li-an), adj. in- 
dulging in or characterized by 
drunken revelry ; drunken : w. a vo- 
tary of Bacchus ; a drunken rev- 
eler ; a drunken feast. 

baccbantic (ba-kan'tik), adj. of or 
resembling a bacchanal ; noisy ; jo- 
vial. 

bacchic (bak'ik) or baccbical 
('i-kal), adj. pertaining to Bacchus 
or the feasts in his honor ; riotous, 
or mad with drink. 

bachelor (bach'el-er), n. one who 
has taken the lowest university de- 
gree in any faculty ; an unmarried 
man. 

bachelor's-buttons (bach'el-erz- 

but'unz), n.pl. the name popularly 
given to several flowering plants 
whose blossoms somewhat resemble 
buttons. 

bacillaria (bas-i-la'ri-a), n. a genus 
of microscopic diatoms. 

bacillary (bas'i-la-ri), adj. consist- 
ing of bacilli. 

bacillian (ba-sil'i-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or of the nature of, a bacil- 
lus. 

bacillicide (ba-siri-sid),w. an agent 
employed for destroying bacilli. 

bacilliculture ( ba-sil'i-kul-tiir ) , n. 
the culture of bacilli in animal or 
vegetable infusions for scientific re- 
search. 

bacillus (ba-sii'us), n. [pi. bacilli 
('i), a genus of microscopic vege- 
table organisms commonly known 
as bacteria, having slender rod-like 
jointed bodies or filaments, and pos- 
sessing the power of constant move- 
ment, present in many ferments, in 
' all stages of putrefaction, and asso- 
ciated with the earliest stages of ma- 
lignant or zymotic disease. 

back or bac (bak), n. a flat-bot- 
tomed ferry-boat, especially one 
adapted for carrying vehicles ; a 
large cistern or vat used by brew- 
ers, &c., for liquids. 

back (bak), n. the hinder part of the 
body in man, or in other animals 
the upper portion ; the whole region 
of the spine, extending from the 



base of the neck to the buttocks ; 
the dorsal region of a fish ; that 
which is opposed to the front ; the 
rear or hinder part of anything; 
the part of a tool or weapon op- 
posed to the edge : adj. lying or 
being behind or in the rear, as to 
^time, situation, or direction ; in a 
backward direction : adv. into or 
toward the rear ; to or toward a for- 
mer or original place, state, or con- 
dition ; to or toward times past ; 
not advancing ; in a state of hin- 
drance or restraint ; in -withdrawal 
or retirement ; away ; in return ; 
again : v.t. to furnish with a back 
or backing ; get upon the back of 
or mount ; second or support ; bet 
or wager ; sign or indorse ; put 
backward or cause to recede : v.L 
to move or go backward. 

back-rent (bak'rent), n. arrears of 
rent ; rent paid after reaping the 
first crop by a tenant entering on 
a lease. 

back-rest (bak'rest), n. a guide at- 
tached to the slide-rest of a lathe, 
and placed in contact with tke work 
to steady it. 

back-settlement (bak-set'1-ment) , 
w.an outlying or partially reclaimed 
portion of a country beginning to 
be cultivated. 

back-settler (bak-set'ler), n. one 
living in the outlying districts of a 
settlement. 

backbite (bak'bit), v.i. [p.t. backbit, 
p.p. backbit & backbitten, p.pr. 
backbiting], to slander or speak evil 
of in absence : v.i. to censure absent 
persons. 

backboard (bak'bord), n. a board to 
support the back ; a thin wooden 
backing used for picture frames, 
mirrors, &c. 

backbone (bak'bon), n. the bone of 
the back ; the vertebral column of 
animals ; that which serves as a 
backbone ; hence, firmness or de- 
cision of character. 

backer (bak'er), n. one who sus- 
tains or abets another ; especially 
one who bets in favor of a person 
or ainmal in a contest. 

backgammon (bak-gam'un), n. a 
game played by two persons upon 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon> 
book; hue, hut; think, t1ien» 



111 



bac 



St3 



bad 



a table or board made for the pur- 
pose, with fifteen pieces each, and 
dice-boxes and dice. 

background (bak'ground),w. ground 
in the rear ; tke distant portion of 
a landscape ; the portion of a pic- 
ture furthest from the spectator ; 
that which is dimly seen ; a subordi- 
nate position ; a place of retirement 
or reserve. 

backhand (bak'hand), n. writing 
which slopes backward or to the 
left. 

backkanded (bak'han-ded), adj. 
with the hand turned backward ; 
unfair ; indirect ; ambiguous ; slop- 
ing backward. 

backing (bak'ing), n. something 
placed behind to support or 
strengthen ; aid or support given to 
a person or cause. 

backskeesk or backskisk. See 
bakshish. 

backside (bak'sid), n. the hind part 
of anything or that which is op- 
posed to the front ; the hind part of 
an animal. 

backslide (bak-slld'), v.i. [p.t. back- 
slid, backslided, p.p. backslid, back- 
slidden, backslided, p.pr. backslid- 
ing], to slide back; fall off or away 
from ; apostatize. 

backstair (bak'star) or back- 
stairs ('starz), n. stairs in the 
back part of a house ; stairs for pri- 
vate use : ad), indirect ; underhand ; 
secret ; intriguing. 

backstays (bak'staz), n.pl. long 
ropes extending from the masthead 
to the side of the ship, slanting a 
little aft, to assist the shrouds in 
supporting the mast. 

backs'ivord (bak'sord), n. a sword 
with one sharp edge ; a stick with 
a basket handle used in the game 
of singlestick. 

back-ward (bak'werd) or back- 
wards (-werdz), adv. with the 
back foremostj toward the back ; 
in a contrary or reverse manner, 
way, or direction ; toward past 
times or events ; from a better to a 
worse state. 

backward (bak'werd), adj. directed 
to the back or rear; unwilling; re- 
luctant ; hesitating ; slow ; behind 



in learning or progress ; behind in 
time. 

backwater ( bak'waw-ter ) , n. water 
caused to flow backwards by ob' 
struction of its course ; accumula- 
tion of water overflowing lowlands, 
caused by obstruction ; water held 
back by a dam or weir ; water 
thrown back by the turning of a 
water-wheel or the paddles of a 
steamer. 

backwoods (bak-woodz'), n.pl. for- 
ests or partially cleared land situ- 
ated far from the centers of popula- 
tion. 

bacon (ba'kn), n. hog's flesh salted 
or pickled and dried, usually in 
smoke. 

bacteria (bak-te'ri-a), n.pl. of bac- 
terium. 

bacteriological (bak-te-ri-6-loj'i- 
kal), adj. of or pertaining to bac- 
teriology. 

bacteriologist (bak-te-ri-ol'o-jist) , 
n. a student of bacteriology. 

bacteriology (bak-te-ri-ol'o-ji), n. 
the scientific investigation or study 
of bacteria. 

bacterioscopy ( bak-te-ri-os'ko-pi ) , 
n. the examination of bacteria by 
the microscope. 

bacterium (bak-te'ri-um), n. [pi. 
bacteria (-a)], a microscopic or- 
ganism of various forms and shapes ; 
a disease germ. 

bad (bad), adj. [compar. worse, su- 
perl, worst], the opposite of good; 
evil ; ill ; wicked ; depraved ; vicious ; 
pernicious ; corrupting ; hurtful ; 
offensive ; noxious, physically or 
morally ; defective ; worthless ; un- 
happy ; unfortunate. 

bad-form (bad'form), n. that which 
is bad ; not very refined ; somewhat 
vulgar. 

badderlocks (bad'er-loks), n. a large 
dark green edible seaweed. 

badelaire (ba-de-lar'), n. a curved 
sword used as a heraldic bearing. 

badge (baj), n. a mark, sign, or 
token, or cognizance to denote the 
occupation, allegiance, association, 
or achievements of the person by 
whom it is displayed; the mark or 
token of anything ; a carved orna- 
ment on the stern of a vessel. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon- 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



bad 



87 



bai 



badger (baj'er), n. a plantigrade car- 
nivorous mammal, of nocturnal hab- 
its ; an artist's brush of badger's 
hair : v.t. to worry or annoy, as a 
badger when baited ; pester ; per- 
sistently assail. 

badger-baiting (baj'er-ba'ting), n. 
a cruel sport formerly practiced of 
assailing a badger placed in a barrel 
with dogs. 

badger-dog (baj'er-dog), n. another 
name for the dachshund. 

badiaga (bad-i-a'ga), n. a seaweed, 
the powder of which is used for re- 
moving discoloration caused by 
. bruises. 

badinage (bad'i-naj & ba-de-nazh'), 
n. light or playful raillery or banter. 

badly (bad'li), adv. wickedly; griev- 
ously ; unskilfully ; defectively ; ill. 

badminton (bad'min-tun), n. an out- 
door game similar to tennis, but 
played with shuttlecocks ; a kind of 
claret-cup. 

badness (bad'nes), n. the state of 
being wicked or vicious ; depravity. 

baffle (baf'l), v.t. to elude or circum- 
vent by artifice or the interposition 
of obstacles ; foil or check ; defeat ; 
frustrate ; thwart ; subject to indig- 
nities. 

bag (bag) , n. a sack ; a pouch ; a wal- 
let ; a receptacle for holding any- 
thing; that which is contained in a 
bag, or the result of a day's sport ; 
a sack or receptacle in animal bod- 
ies, containing a fluid or other sub- 
stance ; a definite quantity of cer- 
tain commodities : v.t. to enclose in 
a bag ; distend ; swell ; secure or 
capture, as game ; steal : v.i. to 
bulge ; hang down like a full bag. 

bagasse (ba-gas'), n. sugar-cane 
refuse as delivered from the crush- 
ing mill. 

bagatelle (bag-a-tel'), n. a trifle; a 
game played on a nine-holed board, 
baized and cushioned, with a cue and 
nine balls. 

baggage ( bag'a j ) , n. the tents, cloth- 
ing, utensils, &c., of an army or ex- 
peditionary force on the march ; the 
trunks, bags, and other impedimenta 
or baggage of a traveler : n. an im- 
moral woman ; a coquettish or frol- 
icsome girl. 



baggala (bag'a-la), n. Arab trading 
vessel with two masts. 

bagging (bag'ing), n. the act of put- 
ting into bags ; coarse cloth or other 
material used for bags ; filtration 
through canvas bags. 

baggy (bag'i), adj. having a loose or 
flabby appearance ; swelled or puffed 
out. 

bagnio (ban'yo), n. a bath-house; a 
brothel ; an oriental prison. 

bagpipe (bag'pip), n. a shrill-toned 
musical instrument, consisting of a 
leathern wind-bag from which air is 
forced by the performer's elbow into 
pipes, one (the chanter) giving the 
melody. [Commonly used in pi.} 

bah. (ba), inter j. an exclamation ex- 
pressing incredulous contempt or 
disgust. 

bail (bal), v.t. to set free or liberate 
from arrest on security for reappear- 
ance ; to deliver, as goods, in trust, 
on contract expressed or implied 
that the person entrusted shall re- 
turn or account for the same : n. the 
person or persons who provide se- 
curity for the release of a prisoner ; 
the security tendered, or accepted. 

bail (bal), v.t. to free from water by 
dipping; to lade out with a bucket 
or other utensil, as in a boat : n. 
a bent or arched handle of a pail or 
kettle ; a half-hoop supporting the 
cover or tilt of a wagon ; one of the 
two small sticks, 4 in. long, which 
are laid across the tops of cricket 
stumps. 

bailee (ba-le'), n. the person to whom 
goods are committed in trust. 

bailer. See bailor. 

bailiff (ba'lif), n. a sheriff's officer 
who serves processes, &c. ; any 
subordinate civil officer ; an overseer 
or under-steward on an estate. 

bailixcick (ba'li-wik), n. the district 
within which a bailiff has jurisdic- 
tion. 

bailment (bal'ment), n. a delivery 
of goods in trust to another ; the 
action of becoming surety for one in 
custody. 

bailor (ba'ler) or bailer (ba'ler), 
n. one who delivers goods to another 
in bailment. 

bairn (barn), n. a child [Scotch]. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



bai 



88 



hail 



halt (bat), v.t. to harass or provoke, 
as by the setting on of dogs ; worry ; 
torment, for sport ; annoy persistent- 
ly ; prepare a hook, trap, or snare 
by covering it v^ith food or other 
substance ; give food and drink to 
upon a journey : v.i. to take food or 
drink upon a journey : n. any sub- 
stance used to entice or allure fish 
or other animals with a view to cap- 
ture ; an allurement ; temptation ; 
refreshment taken on a journey. 

baize (baz), n. a coarse woolen stuff, 
with a nap on one side. 

bake (bak), v.t. to cook or prepare 
food by subjection to dry heat in a 
closed place, as an oven ; to dry and 
harden by heat : v.i. to do the work 
of baking ; become hard by heat : n. 
the result of baking, as a clam bake. 

baker (ba'ker), n. one whose busi- 
ness is to make bread, biscuits, &c. 

bakery (ba'ker-i), n. [pi. bakeries 
-iz)], a place used for bread-mak- 
ing ; a baker's shop. 

baking (ba'king), n. the quantity of 
anything baked at the same time ; a 
batch. 

bakshisk, bakkskisk, or bak- 
skeesk (bak'shesh), n. an Eastern 
term for a present or gratuity. 

balance (bal'ans), n. an instrument 
for determining the weight of 
bodies ; a pair of scales ; a steel- 
yard ; a spring balance ; the act of 
weighing mentally ; equilibrium ; 
equipoise ; equality ; an equality be- 
tween the two sides of an account ; 
the excess shown on either side ; the 
sum or weight necessary to make 
two unequal sums or weights equal : 
v.t. to weigh ; compare ; bring to a 
state of equipoise ; keep in equilib- 
rium ; poise ; equal or make equal ; 
counterbalance ; adjust or settle ; to 
examine and compare accounts : v.i. 
to have equal weight ; be in equi- 
poise ; be employed in the adjust- 
ment of accounts. 

balance of trade '(bal'ans of trad) , 
n. the difference between the imports 
and exports of a country. 

balanee-reef (bal'ans-ref), w. a reef- 
band crossing a sail diagonally. 

balance-skeet (bal'ans-shet), n. sl 



statement of the assets and liabili- 
ties of a business. 

balance- wkeel (bal'ans-hwel), w. a 
wheel in a watch chronometer) 
which regulates the beats. 

balancer (bal'an-ser), n. one who, 
or that which, keeps anything in 
equilibrium ; an acrobat : pi. the or- 
gans placed under the wings of cer- 
tain insects to balance the body. 

balata (ba-la'ta), n. the dried gum 
of the bully-tree, similar to india- 
rubber, and used for insulating elec- 
tric wires. 

balayeuse bal-a-yez'), n. plaited 
muslin or lace inserted at the bot- 
tom of a dress to protect it froEb 
the ground. 

balconet (bal-ko-nef), n. a slightly 
projecting low ornamental railing 
to a door or window. 

balconied (bal'ko-nid), adj. having a 
projecting exterior platform or in- 
terior gallery. 

balcony (bal'ko-ni), n. [pi. balco- 
nies (-niz)], a platform or gallery 
projecting from the wall of a build- 
ing, enclosed by a balustrade or 
parapet. 

bald (bawld), adj. without the natu- 
ral or usual covering to the head or 
summit ; unadorned ; bare ; literal ; 
undisguised ; having a white spot or 
patch on the head ; bald-faced. 

bald-kead (bawld'hed), n. a man 
bald on the head. 

balder dask (bawl'der-dash), n.^ a 
nonsensical jumble of words ; silly 
talk or writing; a worthless mix- 
ture. 

baldric or baldrick (bawl'drik), n. 
a broad belt, often richly orna- 
mented, worn round the waist, or 
■ over one shoulder and across the 
breast. 

bale (bal), n. a large bundle or pack- 
age of goods : v.t. to make up into 
a bale or bales ; to lade out as water. 

bale (bal), n. woe; calamityj mis- 
chief. 

baleen (ba-len'), n. whalebone in its 
natural condition; the horny elastic 
material fringing the jaws of right 
whales. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; .mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon* 
book ; hue, hut ; think, ^Tien. 



hal 



89 



bal 



liale-fire (bal'fir), n. a beacon or 
signal-fire ; a bonfire ; a funeral 
pyre. 

baleful (bal'fool), adj. replete with 
deadly oi* malign influence ; full of 
woe ; direful ; predicative of disas- 
ter. 

balefully (-li), adv. calamitously; 
miserably. 

balise or balize (ba-lez'), n. a sea- 
mark or beacon, consisting of a 
pole or buoy surmounted by a flag 
or other object. 

balk or baulk (bawk), n. a strip 
or ridge of land left unplowed ; a 
thick heavy piece of timber ; a bar- 
rier or check ; frustration or disap- 
pointment : v.t. to thwart, check, or 
disappoint : v.i. to stop short, or 
swerve; to signify the position of 
herring or pilchard shoals from a 
height, and indicate their position 
to the fishermen. 

ball ( bawl ) , w. a round body ; any 
mass resembling a sphere ; a spheri- 
cal body used for play ; a bullet ; any 
roundish part of the body ; a game 
played with a ball ; the globe or 
earth : v.t. to make into a ball : v.i. 
to form or gather into a ball, ball- 
bearing (bawl'bar-ing), n. a bear- 
ing containing loose balls of metal 
to reduce friction. 

ball (bawl), n. a dance; a social as- 
sembly of persons of both sexes for 
the purpose of dancing. 

ballad (bal'ad), n. a short narrative 
poem, adapted for reciting or sing- 
ing. 

ballast (barast), n. weighty mate- 
rial carried by a ship to ensure sta- 
bility ; sand carried in the car of a 
balloon to steady it ; gravel or rub- 
ble filling the space between the 
sleepers of a railway ; that which 
imparts stability to the character: 
v.t. to place ballast in or on ; im- 
part steadiness to. 

ballastag-e (bal'as-taj), n. a toll 
paid for leave to take ballast. 

ballet (bal'a), n. sl theatrical repre- 
sentation in which a story is told, 
and actions, characters, and pas- 
sions represented by gestures, ac- 
companied by music and dancing ; 



the company of persons who per- 
form the ballet. 

ballistic (bal-lis'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to the scientific construction 
and use of projectiles. 

ballistics (bal-is'tiks), n. the science 
of the motion of projectiles. 

ballon d'essai (ba-long da-se'), a 
balloon used to test the direction of 
air currents ; hence a feeler to test 
public opinion. 

balloon (bal-loon'), n. a large bag 
of prepared silk or other material, 
which, when inflated by hydrogen 
gas or heated air, ascends and floats 
in the atmosphere ; a round vessel 
with a short neck used in distilla- 
tion. 

balloon-jib (bal-loon'jib), n. a tri- 
angular sail used by yachts in a 
slight breeze. 

ballooning (bal-loon'ing), n. the art 
or practice of managing balloons or 
making balloon ascents. 

balloonist (bal-loo'nist), n. one who 
makes or ascends in a balloon ; an 
aeronaut. 

ballot (bal'ot), n. a ball, ticket, or 
paper by which a vote is registered ; 
the system of secret voting by the 
use of balls, tickets, or papers ; elec- 
tion by secret vote ; also the total 
number of votes cast or recorded : 
v.i. to vote or decide by secret vote. 

balm (bam), n. the oily aromatic 
exudation of certain trees or shrubs, 
used for healing or soothing ; bal- 
sam ; anything which heals, or that 
soothes pain ; an odoriferous tree or 
shrub yielding balm. 

balm of gilead (of gil'e-ad), n. the 
name of various kinds of fragrant 
resins, as that of the evergreen tere- 
binth tree of Arabia. 

balmily (bam'i-li), adv. in a sooth- 
ing manner ; fragrantly. 

balminess (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being soothing or refresh- 
ingly fragrant. 

balmoral (bal-mor'al), adj. & n. the 
name given to various strong arti- 
cles of dress, as a petticoat, or lace 
up boots. 

balmy (bam'i), adj. having the quali- 
ties of balm ; soft ; fragrant ; re- 
freshing. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



bal 



90 



ban 



balsam (bawl'sam), n. an oily, aro- 
matic, resinous substance obtained 
from certain trees or shrubs, and 
used medicinally or in perfumery ; 
balm ; the name applied to several 
trees, shrubs, or plants yielding bal- 
sam, as the balsam-tree ; anything 
soothing or healing. 

balsamic (bawl-sam'ik) or bal- 
samical (-al), adj. having the 
qualities of, or yielding, balsam ; 
soft; soothing; healing. 

baluster (bal'us-ter), n. a small col- 
umn or pilaster to support the rail 
of a parapet or balustrade. 

balustrade (bal-us-trad'), n. a series 
of small columns or pilasters, sur- 
mounted by a top-rail or coping, 
serving as a parapet or protective 
railing, staircase, &c. 

balzarine (bal'za-rin), n. a dress 
fabric of v^ool and cotton. 

bam (bam), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bammed, 
p.pr. bamming], to bamboozle; 
cheat ; v^heedle : n. an imposition ; 
a cheat ; a hoax. 

bambino (bam-be'no), n. [pi. bam- 
bini ('ne)], a child or baby; a fig- 
ure of the infant Christ v^rapped in 
swaddling clothes : exhibited in 
many Roman Catholic churches 
from Christmas to Epiphany. 

bamboo (bam-boo'), n. the name of 
certain tropical grasses having thick- 
jointed stems of exceeding hardness, 
and attaining to a height of from 20 
to 120 ft. ; a stick or cane : v.t. to 
flog w^ith a bamboo rod. 

bamboozle (bam-boo'zl),'y.l to hoax ; 
deceive by trickery ; mystify ; hum- 
bug : v.i. to practice cheating. 

ban (ban), n. in feudal times a public 
proclamation, or summons to arms ; 
an edict of proscription or interdic- 
tion ; prohibition ; excommunica- 
tion ; curse; anathema: v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. banned; p.pr. banning], to 
curse ; to interdict or prohibit ; to 
place under a ban. 

ban (ban), n. the title of the gov- 
ernor of Croatia and Slavonia as 
viceroy of the Austrian emperor. 

banana (ba-na'na), n. a tropical her- 
baceous plant, closely allied to the 
plantain ; its soft, luscious fruit, 
which furnishes a nutritious and 



important article of food in tropi- 
cal countries. 

banate (ban'at), n. the territory 
ruled by a ban : the office itself. 

band (band), n. that which binds to- 
gether ; that which connects ; that 
which encircles, supports, or re- 
strains ; a fillet ; strap ; tie ; shackle 
or fetter ; collar ; ligature ; a driving 
belt ; a company of persons united 
by a common object ; a body of sol- 
diers ; a company of musicians form- 
ing an orchestra, a military or other 
band : v.t. to unite in a troop, com- 
pany, or confederacy : v.i. to asso- 
ciate or unite for some common pur- 
pose. 

bandage (ban'daj), n. a roller of 
cotton or other material used in 
dressing and binding up wounds, 
&c. ; a band or ligature : v.t. to dress 
or bind with a bandage. 

bandala (ban-da'la), n. manila white 
rope. 

bandana or bandanna (ban-dan'a), 
n. a large silk or cotton handker- 
chief, dyed red, blue, or yellow, with 
white or yellow spots ; a style of 
calico printing in imitation of the 
bandana. 

bandbox (band'boks), n. a light box 
of pasteboard, &c., for holding bon- 
nets. 

bandeau (ban-d5'), n. [pi. bandeaux 
(-doz')], a ribbon worn over the 
forehead. 

banded (ban'ded), p.adj. allied; 
confederated ; having bands ; marked 
by stripes of different color or ma- 
terial ; having a band differing in 
tincture from the garb. 

bandelet. Same as bandlet. 

banderilla (ban-de-rel'ya), n. a dart, 
with a banderole attached, used in 
bull fights to exasperate the bull. 

banderole (ban'de-rol) or bande- 
rol (-rol), n. a little flag or stream- 
er ; a small flag carried at the head 
of a lance or mast. 

bandicoot (ban'di-koot), n. a large 
rat, native of India and Ceylon, 
very destructive to rice fields and 
gardens ; the name given to rat-like 
marsupials of several species found 
in Australia and Tasmania. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; booOf 
hook; hue, hut; think, th^n. 



"hSLU 



91 



ban 



bandit (ban'dit), n. [pi, bandits 
('dits) & banditti (-dit'i)], an out- 
law ; a brigand ; a robber ; a high- 
wayman. 

bandlet (band'let), n. a small band; 
a little band or flat molding encir- 
cling a column. 

bandog (ban'dog), n. a large fierce 
kind of dog usually kept chained ; a 
mastiff. 

bandoleer (ban-do-ler'), n. a broad 
leather belt, worn over the shoulder 
and across the breast, for holding 
ammunition. 

bandoline (ban'do-lin), n. a gummy 
perfumed substance used for im- 
parting a gloss to the hair or for 
fixing it in any position. 

bandore (ban-dor' & ban'dor), n. an 
ancient stringed instrument resem- 
bling a zither. 

bandsaw (band'saw), n. an endless 
steel saw running on pulleys. 

bandy (ban'di), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ban- 
died, p.pr. bandying], to throw 
or beat to and fro, as a ball in 
play ; toss from one to another ; 
give and take : v.i. to contend ; 
strive : n. a club bent at the end 
for striking a ball ; a hockey-stick ; 
a game played with such a club, 
commonly called hockey : adj. bent ; 
having a bend or crook outward. 

bandy (ban'di), n. a kind of cart or 
buggy used in India, drawn by oxen. 

bane (ban), oi. that which causes 
death, ruin, or destruction, hence a 
deadly poison, vice, or sin ; a dis- 
ease (rot) in sheep. 

baneful (ban'fool), adj. poisonous; 
pernicious. 

banefully (-li), adv. in a pernicious 
manner ; destructively. 

bang (bang), v.t. to beat, as with a 
club or cudgel ; thump ; handle 
roughly ; produce a loud sound by 
or from (as, bang the door) ; sur- 
pass or excel : v.i. to make a loud 
noise ; thump violently : n. a heavy 
blow ; a loud, sudden noise : adv. 
with a sudden or violent blow ; ab- 
ruptly. 

bang (bang), n. [pi. bangz], hair cut 
straight across the forehead so as 
to form a fringe ; false hair so worn : 



v.t. to cut the hair across the fore- 
head so as to form a fringe. 

bangle (bang'gl), n. an ornamental 
ring w^orn upon the wrists and 
ankles in India and Africa ; a ring- 
bracelet. 

banian or banyan (ban-yan'), n. a 
Hindu trader or merchant ; a Ben- 
gali native who manages money af- 
fairs for Europeans ; a loose gown 
for men, like that worn by the Hin- 
dus. 

banian-tree (-tre), n. the Indian 
fig-tree, which spreads over a large 
area by sending down shoots from 
its branches ; these take root and 
become new trunks. 

banish, (ban'ish), v.t. to condemn to 
exile ; expel from the country as a 
punishment ; drive away ; dispel from 
the mind. 

banishment (ban'ish-ment), n. the 
act of expelling or driving away ; 
the state of being expelled. 

banister or bannister (ban'is-ter), 
n. corrupt forms of baluster. 

banjo (ban 'jo), n. a musical instru- 
ment, of from five to nine strings, 
having a neck like a guitar, and a 
circular body covered in front with 
tightly-stretched parchment. 

banjoist (ban'jo-ist), n. a performer 
on the banjo. 

bank (bangk), n. a heap, mound, or 
ridge of earth ; any steep acclivity ; 
an elevation or rising ground be- 
neath the sea or at the mouth of a 
river, forming a shoal or shallow ; a 
bench for rowers ; a tier of oars : 
v.t. to enclose, defend, or fortify 
with a bank ; pile or heap up. 

bank (bangk), n. an establishment 
for the custody, loan, exchange, or 
issue of money ; the office of a bank- 
ing company ; in certain games of 
chance, the fund held against the 
table : v.t. to deposit money in a 
bank : v.i. to have an account with a 
banker. 

bank-bill (bangk'bil), n. a note or a 
bill of exchange of a bank payable 
on demand or at a future specified 
time. 

bank-book (bangk-book), n. the 
pass-book kept by a depositor, in 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; htie, hut; think, then. 



ban 



92 



bap 



which a cashier of the bank enters 
the debits and credits. 

bank-credit (bangk-kred'it), n. the 
amount a person, on giving proper 
security, is allowed to draw upon a 
bank. 

bank-note (bangk'not), n. a promis- 
sory note issued by a legally author- 
ized bank, payable on demand, and 
forming part of the money currency. 

bankable ( bang'ka-bl ) , adj. receiv- 
able by a bank. 

banker (bang'ker), n. one who keeps 
a bank ; one who traffics in money, 
receives and remits money, nego- 
tiates bills of exchange, &c. ; a ves- 
sel employed in the cod-fishery on 
the banks of Newfoundland ; the 
stone bench on which masons cut 
and square their work ; a ditcher. 

banking (bang'king), n. the act of 
raising a mound or bank ; fishing on 
the banks of Newfoundland; the 
loading of coals at the pit's mouth. 

bankrupt (bangk'rupt), n. a person 
legally declared to be unable to dis- 
charge his liabilities ; an insolvent 
debtor : adj. unable to meet one's 
obligations ; insolvent : v.t. to make 
or render insolvent : v.i. to exhaust 
one's financial credit; become insol- 
vent. 

bankruptcy fbangk'rupt-si), n. [pi. 
bankruptcies (-siz)], the state of 
being legally insolvent, or unable to 
pay all debts ; failure in trade. 

banner (ban'er), n. a piece of cloth 
or silk attached to a pole or staff, 
and usually worked with same device 
or motto, heraldic or emblematical ; 
an ensign, standard, or flag of a 
country, state, or order. 

bannock (ban'uk), n. a thick cake 
made of oatmeal, barley-meal, or 
pease-meal, and baked on an iron 
plate or griddle. 

banns (banz), n. pi. the proclama- 
tion in church of an intended mar- 
riage. 

banquet (bang'kwet), n. a sumptu- 
ous entertainment or feast : v.t. to 
treat with a feast or rich entertain- 
ment : v.i. to regale one's self sump- 
tuously. 

banquet or banquette (bangrkef), 
n. a bank running along the inside 



of a parapet, on which soldiers 
stand to fire upon the enemy ; the 
footway of a bridge when raised 
above the carriage-way ; a side-walk. 

banskee (ban'she), benshie (ben'- 
she), or benshi ('she), n. a kind 
of female fairy who, according to 
the belief of the peasantry of Ire- 
land, and some parts of Scotland, 
attaches herself to a particular 
house, and foretells the death of any 
member of the family by an appear- 
ance. 

bantam (ban'tam), n. a diminutive 
breed of domestic fowl : adj. pertain- 
ing to the bantam ; diminutive ; con- 
sequential. 

banter (ban'ter), v.t. to rail at good- 
humoredly ; attack jestingly ; make 
fun of : n. humorous raillery. 

bantling (bant'ling), n. a young 
child. 

Bantu (ban'tti), n. a term sometimes 
used to designate the languages of 
South Africa. 

banyan or banyan-tree. See ban- 
ian. 

baobab (ba'o-bab & ba'o-bab), n. an 
African tree of huge size, called the 
sour-gourd, or the cream-of-tartar 
tree, largely used as an article of 
food by the natives. 

baptism (bap'tizm), n. the applica- 
tion of water by an authorized ad- 
ministrator, in the name of the Holy 
Trinity, to a person, by sprinkling, 
effusion, or immersion, constituting 
the sacrament or rite by which he 
is initiated into the visible church of 
Christ. 

baptismal (bap-tiz'mal), adj. per- 
taining to the ceremonial application 
of water or initiatory rite of the 
Christian Church. 

baptismally (-li), adv. in the man- 
ner of, or by means of, baptism. 

Baptist ( bap'tist ) , n. one of a Chris-, 
tian denomination who baptize adult 
believers only, and who maintain the 
necessity for immersion. 

baptistery (bap'tis-ter-i), or bap- 
tistry (-tri), n. [pi. baptisteries 
(-iz), -tries (-triz)], a building or 
portion of a building in which the 
rite of baptism is administered. 

baptize (bap-tiz'), v.t. to administer 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; booii» 
book ; hue, hut ; think, ^^en. 



93 



1)ar 



the rite of baptism to ; admit to the 
Christian Church by the ceremonial 
application of water ; christen. 

bar (bar), n. a piece of wood, metal, 
or other solid matter, long in pro- 
portion to its thickness ; anything 
which impedes or obstructs ; a bank 
of sand, gravel, &c., obstructing 
navigation at the entrance to a har- 
bor or mouth of a river ; the railing 
enclosing the space occupied by 
counsel in courts of justice ; the 
place in court where prisoners are 
stationed for trial, or sentence ; the 
members of the legal profession col- 
lectively, entitled to plead in court ; 
any tribunal ; the portion of a hotel, 
&c., where liquors are served out ; a 
band or stripe ; a line drawn ver- 
tically through the staff of a piece 
of music, dividing it into equal 
measures of time ; the space and 
notes enclosed by two such lines ; an 
ordinary, similar to, but narrower 
than, a fess, and filing one-fifth of 
the heraldic field : v.t. [pt. & p.p. 
barred: p.pr. barring], to fasten 
with a bar ; to hinder ; obstruct ; ex- 
clude. 

barb (barb), n. that which resembles 
a beard in lower animals ; a hair or 
bristle ending in a double hook ; the 
sharp point projecting backwards 
from the extremity of an arrow, fish- 
hook, &c. : v.t. to furnish with barbs. 

barb (barb), n. a horse of the Bar- 
bary breed, remarkable for speed, 
endurance, and docility ;' a short- 
beaked pigeon of a breed originally 
brought from Barbary. 

barbarian (bar'ba'ri-an), n. a for- 
eigner ; a man in a rude, savage 
state ; an uncivilized person ; a cruel, 
savage, brutal man : adj. pertaining 
to savages ; rude ; uncivilized ; inhu- 
man. 

barbaric (bar-bar'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to or characteristic of savage or 
uncivilized people ; rude ; savage. 

barbarism (bar'ba-rizm), n. an of- 
fense against purity of style or lan- 
guage ; an uncivilized state or condi- 
tion ; a cruel or barbarous action ; 
an outrage. 

barbarity (bar-bar'i-ti), n. [pi. bar- 
ate, arm. 



barities (-tiz)], the state of being 
uncivilized ; cruelty ; inhumanity ; an 
act of savage cruelty. 

barbarize (bar'ba-riz), v.i. to adopt 
a foreign or barbarous mode of 
speech : v.t. to make barbarous. 

barbarans (biir'ba-rus), adj. uncivil- 
ized ; rude and ignorant ; contrary 
to pure idiom ; savage ; cruel ; fero- 
cious ; inhuman ; wild. 

barbate (bar 'bat), or barbated 
Cba-ted), adj. bearded; furnished 
with long .^nd weak hairs. 

barbecue (bar'be-ku), n. a frame on 
which all kinds of meat or fish are 
roasted or smoke-dried ; the carcass 
of an ox, hog, &c., roasted whole ; 
a social or political entertainment 
at which animals are roasted whole, 
with appropriate surroundings; v.t, 
to dress and roast whole. 

barbel (bar'bel), n- a slender vermi- 
form process appended to the lips of 
certain fishes ; a European fresh- 
water fish, having its upper ja^ 
furnished with four barbels. 

barber (bar'ber), n. one whose occu- 
pation is to shave the beard and cut 
and dress the hair : v.t. to shave and 
dress the hair of. 

barbette (bar-bet'), n. the platform 
or breastwork of a fortification, 
from which cannon may be fired 
over a parapet instead of through 
the embrasures. 

barbican (bar'bi-kan), n. a tower or 
advanced work defending the en- 
trance to a castle or city. 

barbotine (bar'bo-tin), n. kaolin 
clay, thinly mixed, used for orna- 
menting pottery. 

barbule (bar'btil), n. a very minute 
barb. 

barcarole or barcarolle (bar'ka- 
rol), n. a simple song or melody 
sung by Venetian gondoliers ; a piece 
of music in imitation of such a 
song. 

bard (bard), w. a poet and singer. 

bard or barde (bard), n. one of the 
ornaments and housings of a horse ; 
one of the pieces of defensive ar- 
mor of a mediaeval war-horse. 

bardic (bar'dik), adj. pertaining to 
bards or to their poetry. 



at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ixCrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



bar 



94 



bar 



bardisb. (bar'dish), adj. pertaining 
to, or characteristic of, bards. 

bardisxa (bar'dizm), n. the methods, 
maxims, and sentiments of bards. 

bare (bar), adj. naked ; with the head 
uncovered ; unconcealed ; simple ; 
unfurnished ; threadbare ; poor j 
mere : v.t. to divest of covering. 

barefaced (bar'fast), adj. with the 
face uncovered ; undisguised ; shame- 
less ; impudent. 

barege (ba-razh'), n. thin gauze- 
like fabric, usually of silk and wor- 
sted. 

bargain (bar'gan), n. an agreement 
or contract between two or more 
parties with reference to the sale 
or transfer of property ; a compact 
or pledge mutually agreed upon ; the 
thing purchased or stipulated for ; 
that which is acquired or sold at a 
low price ; an advantageous pur- 
chase : vA. to make a contract or 
agreement : v.t. to sell or transfer 
for a consideration. 

bargainee ( bar-ga-ne' ) , n. the party 
to whom a bargain and sale is 
made. 

bargainer or bargainor (bar'ga- 
ner), n. one who stipulates or con- 
tracts to sell or transfer to another 
for a consideration. 

barge (barj), n. a flat-bottomed ves- 
sel employed in loading and unload- 
ing ships, and for the conveyance of 
goods on rivers and canals ; a vessel 
of ^ state. 

barilla (ba-ril'a), n. an impure car- 
bonate and sulphate of soda im- 
ported from Spain and the Levant, 
and obtained from the alkaline ashes 
of certain plants. 

barillet (bar'il-let), n. the cylindric- 
al case containing the mainspring 
of a watch. 

baritone. See barytone. 

baritiHi (ba'ri-um), n. one of the ele- 
mentary metals. 

bark (bark), v.i. to utter a sharp, 
short sound, as the cry of a dog ; to 
cough: n. the sound or cry emitted 
. by dogs. 

bark (bark), n. the exterior layer or 
rind of woody Bt&ms or trunks ; Pe- 
ruvian bark : v.t. to remove by strip- 
ping. 



bark or barque (bark), w. a three- 
masted vessel having the fore- and 
main-mast square-rigged, ' and the 
mizzen-mast fore-and-aft rigged. 

bar kan tine or barkentine (bar'- 
kan-ten), n. a three-masted vessel 
having the fore-mast square-rigged, 
and the main- and mizzen-mast 
fore-and-aft or schooner-rigged. 
Also barquantine. 

barking (bar 'king), n. a sharp sound 
like that of a dog; coughing: n. the 
process of stripping bark from trees ; 
the process of tanning leather and of 
dyeing with bark. 

barky (bar'ki), adj. consisting of, or 
covered with, bark. 

barley (bar'li), n. the grain grown 
and used chiefly for malting; the 
plant which yields the grain. 

barley-corn (bar'li-korn), n. a grain 
of barley ; formerly a measure of 
length equal to the third part of 
an inch. 

barm (barm), n. the foam rising 
upon beer or other malt liquors 
when fermenting, and used as leaven 
in bread-making; yeast. 

barmy (barm'i), adj. containing or 
consisting of yeast ; frothy. 

barn (barn), n. a covered building for 
the storage of grain or other farm 
produce. 

barn-owl (biirn'oul), n. the white 
or screech owl. 

barnacle (bar'na-kl), n. a species of 
wild goose, called barnacle or ber- 
nicle goose v a cirriped crustacean, 
found adhering in groups or clusters 
to rocks or to the bottoms of ships, 
&c. ; an ofiicial who holds tenacious- 
ly to his post : n.pl. an instrument 
placed on a horse's nose to restrain 
him while being shod, bled, or 
dressed ; a pair of spectacles. 

barogram (bar'o-gram), n. the 
record traced by the barograph. 

barograph (bar'6-graf ), n. an in- 
strument recording automatically 
variations in atmospheric pressure. 

barology (ba-rol'o-gi), n. the science 
of weight or gravity. 

barometer (ba-rom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring the weight 
or pressure of the atmosphere : used 
for indicating the various changes 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon^ 
book; htie, hut; think, th^n. 



bar 



95 



bar 



of weather, or to determine the alti- 
tude of a particular place. 

barometric (bar-o-met'rik), or bar- 
ometrical ('ri-kal), adj. pertain- 
ing to, made with, or indicated by, 
a barometer. 

barometrically (-li), adv. by means 
of a barometer. 

baron (bar'un), n. the titJe of an 
English peer of the lowest rank, 
next below a viscount ; formerly the 
title of the judges of the Court of 
Exchequer. 

baronage (bar'un-aj), n. the whole 
body of barons ; the dignity or rank 
of a baron. 

baroness (bar'un-es), n. a baron's 
wife ; a lady holding a baronial title 
in her own right. 

baronet (bar'un-et), n. a title of 
hereditary rank or degree of honor 
next below a baron and above a 
knight. 

baronetage (bar'un-et-aj), n. the 
collective body of baronets ; the dig- 
nity or rank of a baronet. 

baronetcy (bar'un-et-si), n. the title 
and dignity of a baronet. 

baronial (bar-o'ni-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to a baron or a barony. 

baronism (bar'un-izm), n. the feudal 
system of government by barons. 

barony (bar'un-i), n. [pi. baronies 
(-iz)], the rank or dignity of a 
baron ; the domain or lordship of a 
baron; a territorial division in Ire- 
land, corresponding nearly to the 
English hundred ; a large freehold 
estate in Scotland. 

baroque (ba-rok'), adj. grotesque; in 
bad taste. 

baroscope (bar'6-skop), n. an in- 
strument for indicating variations in 
the pressure of the atmosphere with- 
out aci:ual measurement of its 
weight; a storm- or weather-glass. 

barouche (ba-roosh'), n. a roomy, 
four-wheeled carriage with a folding 
or falling top. 

barquantine. See barkantine. 

barque. See bark. 

barracan (bar'a-kan), n. a thick 
strong stuff made of camel's hair. 

barrack (bar'ak), n. a large build- 
ing, or series of buildings, for the 
lodgment of soldiers and officers ; a 



building or collection of huts within 
an enclosure in which a body of 
men are lodged [generally in the 
pi] 

barratry (bar'a-tri), n. the practice 
of vexatiously inciting and encourag- 
ing to law-suits or litigation ; the 
committal by a ship's master, officer, 
or mariner, of an act of fraud, or 
breach of duty, whereby the owners, 
freighters, or insurers of the vessel 
are defrauded or injured. 

barred (bard), p.adj. furnished with 
bars ; obstructed ; secured ; striped. 

barrel (bar'el), n. a vessel or cask, 
cylindrical in form, bulging in the 
middle, made of wooden staves bound 
with hoops, and having flat ends or 
heads; the quantity which a barrel 
should contain ; anything resembling 
a barrel in shape; a drum or cylin- 
der ; a metallic tube. 

barrel (bar'el), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bar- 
reled, p.pr. barreling], to put or 
pack in a barrel. 

barren (bar'en), adj. incapable of 
producing its kind; unproductive; 
unfruitful; sterile; lacking; devoid; 
profitless; empty; n. an unproduc- 
tive tract of land. 

barricade (bar-ri-kad'), n. a fortifi- 
cation constructed in haste of such 
materials as are nearest to hand, 
and which will serve to obstruct the 
progress or attack of an enemy, or 
shield a besieged party; any bar or 
obstruction : v.t. to obstruct or stop 
up; fortify or enclose by a barri- 
cade. 

barrier (bar'i-er), n. anything which 
hinders or obstructs ; an obstacle to 
progress, approach, or attack; an 
enclosing fence or boundary wall ; a 
limit or boundary. 

barrier-reef (-ref), n. a reef of 
coral encircling an island, or skirt- 
ing the mainland, and enclosing ar. 
open channel or lagoon. 

barring (bar'ing), p.pr. as prep, ex- 
cepting ; leaving out of account. 

barrister (bar'is-ter), n. in England, 
a member of the legal profession 
qualified to plead at the bar ; in 
Scotland, an advocate; counselor at 
law. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; bo6n> 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



bar 



96 



bas 



barrow (bar'6), n. a frame covered 
with boards, and furnished with 
handles at both ends, or with a pair 
of wheels and handles or shafts at 
one end ; a hand-barrow ; a shal- 
low box, with a single wheel and 
handles and supports ; a wheel-bar- 
row ; a mound of earth or heap of 
stones forming an ancient or pre- 
historic grave, constructed in various 
forms. 

bar-shot (bar'shot), n. double- 
headed shot. 

barter (bar'ter), v.i. to traffic or 
trade by exchanging one commodity 
for another : v.t. to give in ex- 
change : n. trafficking by exchange 
of commodities ; the thing given in 
exchange. 

bartizan, (bar'ti-zan), n. a small 
overhanging turret, with loopholes 
or embrasures, projecting from tLe 
top of a tower or wall. 

barwise (bar'wiz), adv. horizontally. 

barivood (bar'wood), n. a red dye- 
wood. 

baryta (ba-ri'ta), n. the oxide of 
barium. 

barytes (ba-ri'tez), n. the native sul- 
phate of barium. Also called heavy- 
spar. 

barytic (ba-rit'ik), adj. pertaining 
to or containing baryta. 

barytone or baritone (bar'i-ton), 
adj. intermediate between bass and 
tenor, as a male voice or instru- 
ment : n. a person with a voice hav- 
ing this range : adj. having the last 
syllable unaccented : v.t. to leave the 
last syllable unaccented. 

barytone-clef (-kief), n. the F clef 
on the middle line of the bass staff. 

basal (bas'al), adj. pertaining to or 
forming the base ; fundamental : n. 
a basal part. 

basalt (ba-sawlt' & bas'awlt), n. an 
igneous rock of greenish black coloi, 
and composed of feldspar^ augite, 
titaniferous iron, and frequently 
olivine. 

basaltic (ba-sawl'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to or formed of basalt. 

basanite (bas'a-nit), n. a black sili- 
ceous rock or jasper ; Lydian stone ; 
touchstone. 



bas-bleu (ba-ble'), n. a blue-stock- 
ing ; a literary woman. 

bascule (bas'kul), n. a mechanical 
arrangement on the see-saw prin- 
ciple by which the lowering of one 
end raises the other. 

base (bas), adj. worthless; spurious; 
of mean spirit ; morally abject ; 
deep or grave in sound (commonly 
bass). 

base (bas), n. the part of a thing on 
which it rests ; a foundation or 
groundwork ; that which combines 
with an acid to form a salt ; the line 
or surface forming that part of a 
figure OJH which it is supposed to 
stand ; a fortified line from which 
the operations of an army proceed; 
a starting place ; the lower part of a 
heraldic field: v.t. to lay a founda- 
tion. 

baseball (bas'bawl), a game of ball 
played by nine on a side; ball used 
in playing baseball. 

base-born (bas'born), adj. born out 
of wedlock ; of low or mean paren- 
tage ; mean. 

baseman (bas'man), n. [pi. basemen 
('men)], a player placed at base- 
ball at the first, secbnd, and third 
bases respectively. 

basement (bas'ment), n. the lowest 
part of a structure ; the lowest story 
of a building. 

bash (bash), v.t. to strike heavily; to 
knock out of shape. 

bashaw (ba-shaw'), n. a pasha; a 
magnate or grandee ; a bigwig. 

bashful (bash'fool), adj. easily dis- 
concerted ; modest to excess ; diffi- 
dent ; shy. 

bashfully (-li), adv. in a bashful 
manner. 

bahsi-bazouk (bash'i-ba-zook'), n. 
a volunteer or irregular in the Turk- 
ish army. 

bashlyk (bash'lik), n. a kind of hood 
with long ends, worn in Russia. 

basic (ba'sik), adj. pertaining to a 
base ; fundamental ; performing the 
office of a base in a salt. 

basil (baz'il), n. a sheepskin tanned 
with bark ; the name given to several 
aromatic herbs used in cookery. 

basil (baz'il), n. the angle to which 
the cutting edge of a tool is ground : 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, ;f7ien. 



1>as 



97 



1>as 



v.t. to grind or form the edge of to 
an angle. 

basilar (bas'i-lar),. or basilary (-la- 
ri), adj. pertaining to, or situated 
at, the base. 

basilic (ba-zil'ik), or basilical ('i- 
kal ) , adj. kingly ; royal ; pertaining 
to a basilica : n. the middle vein of 
the arm. 

basilica (ba-ziri-ka), n. [pi. basilicas 
(-kaz)], in ancient Rome, a public 
hall of rectangular shape used for 
judicial assemblies ; a church built 
on such a plan. 

basilicon (ba-zil'i-kon), n. an oint- 
ment composed of yellow wax, black 
pitch, res:n, and olive oil. 

basilisk (bas'i-lisk), n. a fabulous 
creature, variously conceived as a 
kind of serpent, lizard, or dragon, 
and sometimes identified with the 
cockatrice ; the name of a lizard 
with an inflatable crest : adj. per- 
taining to the basilisk ; penetrating 
or malignant. 

basin (ba'sn), n. a circular vessel for 
holding water or other liquid ; a 
pond, or dock, or other reservoir for 
water ; the area drained by a river ; 
a set of strata or stratified forma- 
tions occupying a basin-shaped de- 
pression in older rocks. 

basis (ba'sis), n. [pi. bases ('sez)], a 
foundation ; the groundwork or fun- 
damental principle of anything. 

bask (bask), v.i. to lie in warmth; 
be exposed to genial heat ; be at ease 
and thriving under benign in- 
fluences : v.t. to warm by continued 
exposure to heat. 

basket (bas'ket), n. a vessel made of 
rushes, or other flexible material, 
plaited or interwoven ; as much as a 
basket will hold. 

basketful (bas'ket-fool), n. [pi. bas- 
ketfuls], as much as a basket will 
carry. 

basking-skark (bas'king-shark), n. 
one of the largest of the sharks in- 
habiting the northern seas ; it is 
harmless, and has the habit of bask- 
ing at the surface in the sun. 

Basque (bask), adj. of, or pertain- 
ing to, the Basque race or language : 

basque (bask), n. a kind of a wom- 
an's jacket with a short skirt. 



bas-relief (ba-re-lef), n. low relief; 
a form of relief in which the figures 
stand out very slightly from the 
ground. Also spelled bass-relief, 
basso-relievo, & basso-rilievo. 

bass or basse (bas), n. the name of 
various edible fishes allied to the 
perch. 

bass (bas), n. the American lime- 
tree ; matting made from its bark ; 
a hassock. 

bass (bas), adj. low; deep; grave: n, 
the lowest part in the harmony of a 
musical composition ; the lowest 
male voice, ranging from D below 
the bass staff to D oi: E above it; 
one who sings bass. 

bass-bar (bas'bar), n. a piece of 
wood placed lengthwise inside 
stringed instruments to resist the 
pressure of the bridge. 

bass clef (bas'klef), n. the character 
placed at the beginning of the bass 
staff. 

baSs born (bas'horn), n. a modified 
form of a clarionet. 

bass staff (bas'staf), n. the staff on 
which the notes of the bass of a 
harmonized composition are written. 

bass viol (bas'vil), n. a large 
stringed instrument of the violin 
class for playing bass. 

basset (bas'et), v.i. to crop out at the 
surface. 

basse t-korn (bas'et-horn), n. an in- 
strument resembling a clarionet, but 
of greater compass. 

bassinet (bas'i-net), n. a wicker bas- 
ket with a hood at one end. 

basso (bas'o), adj. Italian for bass: 
n. one who sings bass. 

basso-profondo (-pro-fon'do), n. 
the lowest bass voice ; a singer hav- 
ing such a voice. 

bassoon (bas-oon'), n. an instrument 
of the reed kind. 

bassoonist (bas-oon'ist), n. a per- 
former on the bassoon. 

basso-relievo. See bass-relief. 

bassorin (bas'o-rin), or bassorine 
(-rin), n. a substance extracted 
from gum tragacanth and some 
other gums. 

bast (bast), n. the tough inner fibrous 
bark of various trees, especially of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



lias 



98 



1>a« 



the lime ; rope or matting made 
from this bark. 

bastard (bas'tard), n. sl child be- 
gotten and born out of wedlock ; 
an animal of inferior quality or 
breed; a kind of hawk formerly 
■ased in falconry ; a coarse brown 
^ugar made from syrup previously 
boiled : adj. begotten and born out 
of lawful matrimony; spurious; 
adulterate. 

bastardize (bas'tar-diz), v.t. to 
make or prove to be a bastard; de- 
clare to be illegitimate. 

bastardy (bas'tar-di), n. the state 
of being illegitimate, or born out of 
lawful wedlock. 

baste (bast), v.t. to beat with a 
stick ; to drip or pour melted fat or 
butter on meat while roasting ; to 
sew slightly, or fasten with long 
stitches, as in dressmaking. 

bastile or bastille (bas-tel'), n. a 
tower 'or fortification used for the 
defense or siege of a fortified place ; 
an old castle in Paris used as a 
state prison, demolished by the 
populace in 1789. 

bastinado (bas-ti-na'do), n. an 
Oriental mode of punishment, con- 
sisting in beating an offender upon 
the soles of his feet with a stick or 
rod. Spelled also bastinade : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. bastinadoed ; p.pr. bas- 
tinadoing], to beat the soles of the 
feet with a stick or cudgel. 

£»astion (bas'chun), n. an earth- 
work faced with brick or stone, 
projecting from the angles of a 
rampart, and having two flanks 
and two faces. 

basto (bas'to), n. the ace of clubs in 
the card games of quadrille and 
ombre. 

bat (bat), n. a heavy stick or club; 
the flattened club used in cricket or 
similar games ; a batsman ; a part 
of a brick with one end whole ; a 
plate of flexible gelatine used to 
print impressions on glaze ; bitumi- 
nous shale : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. batted ; 
p.pr. batting] , to hit or strike : v.i. 
to use or wield a bat in cricket or 
baseball. 

bat (bat), n. an insectivorous mam- 
mal furnished with wings formed 



by a membrane stretched between 
the elongated fingers, legs, and tail. 

batch (bach), n. the quantity of 
bread baked at one time ; a quanti- 
ty of anything produced at one 
operation ; a group or collection of 
similar things. 

bate (bat), v.t. to lessen or reduce; 
deduct. 

bateau or battean (ba-to'), n. [pi. 
bateaux, batteaux (-toz)], a light 
boat used on Canadian rivers ; a 
pontoon of a floating bridge. 

bateau-bridge (-brij), n. a float- 
ing bridge constructed on boats. 

bath (bath), n. [pi. baths, (hsLthz)], 
the act of washing or immersing 
the body in water, or exposing it to 
any other fluid or vapor ; a vessel 
holding water for bathing ; a build- 
ing fitted up for bathing purposes; 
a medium through which heat is 
applied to a body ; a vessel contain- 
ing a solution for treatment of an 
object by immersion. 

bathe (hath), v.t. to subject to a 
bath ; immerse in water or other 
liquid ; to suffuse or moisten with a 
liquid ; immerse or surround with 
anything analogous to water, as 
vapor or light : v.i. to take a bath. 

bathometer (ba-thom'e-ter), n. an 
apparatus for measuring depths. 

bathos (ba'thos), n. a ludicrous 
descent from the elevated to the 
commonplace in writing or speech. 

bathymetric (bath-i-met'rik), or 
bathymetrical ('ri-kal), adj. per- 
taining to the measurement of 
depths. 

bathymetry (ba-thim'e-tri), n. the 
art of sounding or of measuring sea 
depths. 

batiste (ba-tesf), n. sl kind of cam- 
bric. 

baton (bat'un, French ba-tong'), n. a 
staff or truncheon used as a weap- 
on, or as a mark or badge of of- 
fice ; the wand of an orchestral con- 
ductor ; a heraldic mark indicat- 
ing illegitimacy: v.t. to strike with 
a baton or truncheon. 

Batrachia (ba-tra'ki-a), n.pl. the 
order of Amphibia which includes 
the frogs and toads. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n5rth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



1>at 



99 



hay 



batrachian (ba-tra'ki-an), adj. per- 
taining to the Batrachia : n. one of 
that order. 

batrachoid (bat'ra-koid), adj. hav-r 
ing the form of a frog. 

battalion (ba-taryun), n. a body of 
infantry usually forming a division 
of a regiment. 

batten (bat'n)^ v.t. to make fat by 
plenteous living ; fertilize or en- 
rich : v.i. to grow or become fat ; 
thrive at the expense of others. 

batten (bat'n), n. a narrow strip or 
scantling of wood used for various 
purposes ; a strip of wood used to 
fasten the edges of a tarpaulin to 
the deck of a ship : v.t. to fasten or 
form with battens. 

batter (bat'er), v.t. strike with 
heavy, repeated blows, so as to 
bruise, shatter, or demolish ; injure 
or impair : v.i. to make an attack 
by heavy blows. 

batter (bat'er), n. sl mixture of sev- 
eral ingredients, as flour, eggs, &c., 
beaten together, used in cookery. 

battering-ram ( bat'er-ing-ram ) , n. 
a military engine anciently used to 
beat down the walls of besieged 
places, and consisting of a large 
beam with a head of iron somewhat 
resembling the head of a ram. 

battery (bat'er-i), n. [pi. batteries 
(-iz)], the act of battering or beat- 
ing ; S, body of cannon, with its com- 
plement of officers, men, and equip- 
ments, for field operations ; any 
raised work or parapet where guns 
are mounted and gunners screened ; 
a number of Leyden jars connected 
for charging and discharging sim- 
ultaneously ; an apparatus for gen- 
erating voltaic electricity. 

battle (bat'l), n. a fight or en- 
counter between opposing forces ; a 
combat; a contest or struggle for 
mastery : vA. to contend in fight ; 
struggle (followed by against, 
loith). battle-piece (bat'1-pes), 
n. a painting, poem, or writing de- 
scriptive of a battle, battle-roy- 
al (bat'l-roi'al), n. a match in 
which more than two game-cocks 
are engaged ; a melee. 

battledore or battledoor (bat'l- 
dor), n. a kind of light racket used 



for playing battledore and shuttle- 
cock. 

battlement (bat'1-ment), n. an in- 
dented parapet consisting of alter- 
nate solids and openings. 

battue (bat-tti'), n. in shooting over 
cover, the method pursued by the 
beaters who surround the preserve 
and drive the game by beats and 
cries towards the sportsmen. 

bauble (baw'bl), n. a trifling piece 
of finery ; anything showy or gay ; 
a child's cheap trinket : n. the club 
or staff formerly carried by a court 
jester, or king's fool. 

bavin (bav'in), n. wood easily kin- 
dled. 

bawbee or baubee (baw-be'), w. 
originally a coin issued in 1542 by 
James V. of Scotland, of the value 
of l%d., Scotch ; now applied in 
Scotland to the halfpenny. 

bawble. Same as bauble. 

bawd (bawd), n. a person who keeps 
a house of prostitution ; one who 
procures women for lewd purposes, 
or acts as agent in illicit inter- 
course. 

bawdiness ('i-nes), n. obscenity; 
lewdness. 

bawdry (bawd'ri), n. the business 
or practice of a procuress ; illicit 
intercourse ; obscenity ; filthy lan- 
guage. 

bawdy (bawd'i), adj. obscene; un- 
chaste. 

bawl (bawl), v.i. to cry out with a 
loud, full, and sustained sound ; 
vociferate : v.t. to proclaim loudly : 
n. a loud prolonged cry. 

bay (ba), v.i. to bark as a dog, with 
a deep sound, as hounds in the 
chase : v.t. to bark at ; to pursue 
with barking so as to bring to bay : 
n. the deep-toned prolonged bark of 
a dog. 

bay (ba), adj. red or reddish, ap- 
proaching to chestnut [applied to 
horses] : n. a horse of such color. , 

bay (ba), n. a recess in the shore of 
a sea or lake ; the expanse of water 
between two capes or headlands ; a 
recess or opening in walls ; a place 
or receptacle for depositing or stor- 
ing coal ; the fore part of a ship 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, tlien. 



bay 



100 



bea 



between decks ; the laurel-tree, 
noble laurel, or sweet-bay ; an hon- 
orary garland or crown, composed 
of woven laurel leaves, bestowed as 
a prize upon successful poets and 
conquerors, hence [pi.] fame. 

bay-salt (ba'sawlt), n. salt result- 
ing from the evaporation of sea- 
water, and used for artificial sea- 
baths. 

bay-ivindo-w (ba'win'do), n. the 
window or windows forming a bay 
or recess in a room, and extending 
outwards from the wall, usually of 
a rectangular, semicircular, or 
polygonal shape. 

baya (ba'ya), n. the weaver-bird of 
the East Indies, resembling the bull- 
finch. 

bayadeer or bayadere (ba-ya-der'), 
n. a Hindu dancing girl. Also writ- 
ten bajadere. 

bayamo (ba-ya'mo), n. a violent 
tempest of wind with lightning. 

bayonet (ba'o-net), n. a short dag- 
ger-like instrument constructed to 
fix on to the barrel of a rifle : v.t. 
to stab or drive with a bayonet. 

bayou (bi'o6),w. [pi. bayous ('ooz)], 
in the southern United States, the 
outlet of a lake, or one of the delta 
streams of a river ; a sluggish water- 
course. 

bazaar or bazar (ba-zar'), n. in the 
East, a market-place or exchange ; 
a hall or series of rooms with stalls 
for the sale of goods ; a sale of 
fancy articles in aid of some char- 
ity ; a fancy fair. 

bdelliuiu (del'ynm), n. an aromatic 
gum-resin brought from Africa, In- 
dia and Persia, and used medici- 
nally and as a perfume. 

be (be), v.i. [p.t. was, p.p. been, p.pr. 
being], to exist; have existence in 
fact, physical or mental ; include or 
involve as a result ; bring ; produce ; 
come about ; become ; remain ; sig- 
nify ; answer to. 

beach (bech), n. [pi. beaches ('ez)l, 
the portion of the shore of the sea 
or of a lake which is washed by the 
waves ; the strand ; shingle : v.t. to 
run or haul up (as a vessel or boat) 
upon the beach : v.i. to land on a 
beach. 



beacb-comber (bech'kom-er), n. a 
long curling wave rolling in from 
the ocean ; one who hangs about the 
shore on the look-out for wreckage 
or plunder. 

beacliy (bech'i), adj. having a 
beach ; covered with shingle. 

beacon (be'kn), n. a signal of warn- 
ing or guidance, on sea or land ; for- 
merly a fire lighted on a hill or high. 
tower to signal danger or assemble 
troops, &c. : v.t. to light up, as a 
beacon ; furnish with beacons : v.i. 
to serve as a beacon. 

bead (bed), n. a little perforated ball 
of any suitable material, intended to 
be strung with others and worn as 
an ornament or used to form a 
rosary ; any small globular body ; a 
drop or bubble ; a small knob of 
metal at the end of a gun-barrel 
used as a sight ; a narrow rounded 
molding ; an astragal : v.t. to orna- 
ment with beads or beading. 

bead-roll (bed'rol), n. a list of per- 
sons for the repose of whose souls a 
certain number of prayers are as- 
signed to be repeated ; a rosary. 

beadle (be'dl), n. a messenger or 
crier of a court ; a parish ofiicer 
with various subordinate duties con- 
nected with a church or vestry, &c. 

beagle (be'gl), n. a small hound, for- 
merly used for hunting hares. 

beak (bek), n. the bill of a bird; the 
horny jaws or mandibles of other 
animals ; anything which is pointed 
or shaped like a beak ; the metal- 
sheathed prow of an ancient galley 
intended to pierce the vessels of an 
enemy ; the powerful appendage of 
steel forming part of the bow of 
modern war- vessels ; a magistrate. 

beaker (be'ker), n. a large drinking 
cup or vessel with a wide mouth ; an 
open-mouthed glass vessel with a 
projecting lip. 

beam (bem), n. a long piece of tim- 
ber or iron used horizontally or ver- 
tically to support the rafters of a 
building ; one of the principal hori- 
zontal timbers of a building or ship ; 
the extreme breadth of a ship; the 
shank of an anchor ; the oscillating 
lever which transmits motion in a 
steam-engine; a cylinder of wood 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



Ilea 



101 



tiea 



around which, before weaving, the 
warp is wound; the pole of a car- 
riage ; the main part of a plow to 
which the handles are secured ; the 
bar of a balahce which suspends the 
scales ; the principal stem of a 
deer's horns which bears the antlers ; 
a collection of parallel rays of light 
emitted from the sun or other lumi- 
nous body : v.t. to send forth, as 
rays of light : v.i. to shine. 

beam-compass (bem-kum'pas), w. 
an instrument used for describing 
large circles. 

beam-feather (bem'feiA.-er), n, one 
of the long feathers in the wing of 
a bird. 

beamy (be'mi), adj. emitting rays of 
light resembling a beam in size and 
weight. 

bean (ben), n, the smooth, kidney- 
shaped seed of many leguminous 
plants ; the plant itself ; the popular 
name of other seeds or fruits re- 
sembling true beans. 

bear (bar), v.t. [p.t. bore, bare, p.p. 
borne, p.pr. bearing], to support, 
hold up ; carry or convey ; sufEer 
or endure ; be answerable for ; pos- 
sess, wear, or use ; have in or on ; 
contain ; cherish ; v,arry in the mind ; 
admit or be capable of ; show 
or exhibit ; bring forth or produce : 
v.i. to be capable of supporting; be 
fruitful ; to bear, press, or weigh 
upon or against ; tend ; relate ; take 
effect; be situated. [N. B. — When 
used passively bear (to produce) 
has as its p.p. born, as an infant 
was dorii.] 

bear (bar), n. a plantigrade carniv- 
orous mammal, belonging to the 
genus TJrsus, the three best known 
species of which are : the brown or 
black bear of Europe, the grizzly 
bear of North America, and the po- 
lar bear of arctic regions ; the name 
of two constellations in the northern 
hemisphere, called the Great Bear 
and the Little Bear ; one who at- 
tempts to depreciate the value of 
stock in order to buy cheap ; opposed 
to a bull ; a rude, uncouth, or brutal 
person : v.t. to endeavor to lower the 
price of. 



bear-baiting (bar'bat-ing), n. the 
illegal sport of setting dogs to fight 
<vith captive bears. 

bear-garden (bar'gar-dn), n. a place 
where bears are kept for sport ; 
hence any scene or place of tumult 
or disorder. 

beard (herd), n. the hair that grows 
on the chin, lips, and adjacent parts 
of the human face ; anything which 
resembles a beard ; the awn of bar- 
ley and other grains ; the barb of an 
arrow, fish-hook, &c. : v.t. to take by 
the beard ; oppose to the face ; set 
at defiance. 

bearing (bar'ing), n. the act of en- 
during with patience ; carriage ; be- 
havior ; mutual relation of the parts 
of a whole ; meaning or application ; 
the act or power of producing ; the 
part of a machine that bears the 
friction ; the direction or point of 
the compass in which an object is 
seen ; the position of one object with 
respect to another ; the heraldic 
charges that fill the escutcheon. 

bearing-rein (-ran), n. a short rein 
for holding up the head of a horse. 

bearish (bar'ish), adj. resembling a 
bear in qualities ; rude ; surly. 

beast (best), n. any four-footed ani- 
mal, as distinguished from birds, 
insects, fishes, and man ; an irra- 
tional animal ; a person rude, coarse, 
or filthy, or whose actions degrade 
him below the level of a rational be- 
ing ; a brute. 

beat (bet), v.t. [p.t. beat, p.p. 
beaten, beat, p.pr. beating], to strike 
with repeated blows ; thrash ; 
knock ; pound or break ; flatten or 
spread by blows ; scour and range 
with blows . and cries in order to 
rouse or drive game ; dash or strike 
against, as water or wind ; tread, as 
a path ; overcome or vanquish ; ex- 
cel ; baffle ; be too difficult for ; ex- 
haust ; flutter, as wings : v.i. to 
strike repeatedly ; throb ; dash or 
fall with force or violence ; signal 
or summon by beat of drum ; sound, 
as a drum, when struck : n. a re- 
curring stroke ; a pulsation ; a 
throb ; a footfall ; a round or course 
which is frequently gone over ; a 
place of habitual resort; the rise or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



1>ea 



102 



"bee 



fall of the hand or foot marking the 
divisions of time ; the divisions of 
the measure so marked. 

beat (bet), p.p. of beat, exhausted bv 
mental or bodily fatigue. 

"beaten (be'tn), p.adj. worn by use, 
as by the beat or tread of feetj con- 
quered ; exhausted ; baffled. 

beaten-Tirork (-werk), n. metal 
shaped by being beaten on an anvil. 

beatific (be-a-tif'ik), adj. having 
power to bless or render perfectly 
happy ; blissful. 

beatific-vision (-vizh'un), n. the 
direct vision of God, regarded as the 
bliss of the angels and saints. 

beatifically (-li), adv. in a blissful 
manner. 

beatification (be-at-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
the act of blessing or the state of 
being blessed ; the act of the Pope in 
declaring a deceased person to have 
attained the rank of "the blessed :" 
usually the second step towards 
canonization. 

beatify (be-at'i-fi), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
beatified, p.pr. beatifying], to make 
happy ; bless with the completion of 
celestial enjoyment ; to declare by 
public decree that a deceased person 
has attained the rank of "the 
blessed." 

beating (be'ting), n. the act of 
striking ; a flogging ; pulsation or 
throbbing ; a defeat ; tacking against 
the wind. 

beatitude (be-at'i-tud), n. felicity 
of the highest kind ; consummate 
bliss. 

beau (bo), n. [pi. beaus or beaux 
(boz)], one who dresses himself in 
strict accordance with the fashion ; 
a ladies' man or suitor. 

"beau-ideal (bo-i-de'al), n. ideal ex- 
cellence. 

beau monde (bo-mond'), n. the fash- 
ionable world. 

beauisla (bo'ish), adj. like a beau; 
foppish. 

laeauteous (bu'te-us), adj. possess- 
ing beauty. 

beautiful (bu'ti-ful), adj. possess- 
ing qualities which charm and de- 
light the senses ; lovely. 

beautifully (-li), adv. in a charm- 
ing or attractive manner. 



lieautify (bu'ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
beautified; p.pr. beautifying], to 
make or render beautiful ; embel- 
lish : v.i. to grow beautiful. 

beauty (bti'ti), n. [pi. beauties 
('tiz)], an assemblage of graces or 
properties which command the ap- 
probation of the senses ; those qual- 
ities which are most pleasing to the 
eye ; a particular grace or charm ; a 
beautiful woman. 

beauty-sleep (-slep), n. sleep taken 
before midnight, popularly supposed 
to be more restorative than that 
taken later. 

beauty-spot (-spot), n. a patch or 
spot placed on the face with intent 
to heighten beauty by contrast. 

beauty-wash, (-wosh), n. a cosmetic. 

beaver (be'ver), n. a rodent quadru- 
ped of amphibious habits, and val- 
ued for its fur ; the fur of the 
beaver ; a hat formerly made of bea- 
ver fur. 

beaver (be'ver), n. the portion of ar- 
mor which served to protect the 
lower part of the face, and could be 
raised or depressed. 

beaver-rat (be'ver-rat), n. a water 
rodent of Australia and Tasmania, 
similar in habit to the European 
water vole. 

beaver-tree (be'ver-tre), n. the 
sweet-bay, common in United States. 

beaverteen (be'ver-ten), n, a species 
of fustian. 

becalm (be-kam'), v.t. to make calm 
or still. 

becbamel (besh'a-mel), n. a fine 
white sauce thickened with cream. 

beche-de-mer (bash'de-mar'), w. the 
trepang, a sea-slug dried and eaten 
by the Chinese. 

beck (bek), n. a nod, or other signifi- 
cant gesture. 

becket (bek'et), n. a contrivance in 
ships to confine small spars or loose 
ropes, &c. 

beckon (bek'n), v.i. to make a signal 
to another by a motion of the head 
or hand ; v.t. summon or signal by 
signs. 

becloud. See cloud. 

become (be-kum'), v.i. [p.t. became, 
p.p. become, p.pr. becoming], to pass 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



lieG 



103 



bee 



from one state to another ; come or 
grow to be : v.t. to suit, or be suit- 
able to ; befit ; accord with ; grace or 
adorn. 

» becoming (be-kum'ing), p.adj. fit; 
suitable ; seemly ; proper ; appropri- 
ate ; befitting. 

becquerel rays (bek-rel' raz), n.pl. 
radio-active energy manifested by 
t radium, polonium, and certain com- 

pounds of uranium. 

bed (bed), n. an article of domestic 
furniture upon or within which one 
rests or sleeps ; conjugal rights ; 
anything which serves as a resting- 
place, or in which something lies or 
is imbedded ; a portion of a garden 
prepared and set apart for bedding 
plants ; the bottom of a river or oth- 
er stream, or of any body of water ; 
a layer or stratum of rock ; a mass 
or heap of anything resembling a 
bed ; either of the horizontal sur- 
faces of a building stone : v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. bedded; p.pr. bedding], to fur- 
nish with a bed ; plant, as flowers ; 
lay in a stratum ; lay flat, or in or- 
der : v.i. to go to bed ; cohabit. 

bedbug (bed'bug), n. a flat-bodied, 
reddish-colored insect infesting fur- 
niture, &c. 

bedpan, (bed'pan), n. a warming- 
pan ; a utensil for the use of those 
confined to bed. 

bedstraw (bed'straw), n. straw for 
stuffing beds ; a popular name of 
plants used formerly in beds. 

bed-tick (bed'tik), n. a bag or case 
of strong linen or cotton for con- 
taining the feathers or other ma- 
terials of a bed. 

bedabble. See dabble. 

bedaub. See daub. 

bedazzle. See dazzle. 

bedding (bed'ing), n. a bed and its 
furniture ; the materials of a bed, 
whether for man or beast ; stratifi- 
cation ; occurrence in layers ; a foun- 
dation, or bottom layer. 

bedeck. See deck. 

bedevil (be-dev'l), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
(-ed), p.pr. (-ing)], to throw into 
disorder or confusion ; spoil or cor- 
iupt, as by evil agency. 

bedevilment (be-dev'1-ment), n. the 



state of being vexatiously and be- 
wilderingly disordered or confused. 

bedew (be-dti'), v.t. to moisten with 
dew. 

bedim. See dim. 

bedizen (be-diz'n & -di'zn), v.t. to 
deck or adorn ; trick out with vulgar 
finery. 

bedlam (bed'lam), n. a madhouse; 
an asylum or hospital for lunatics : 
hence, any scene of uproar and con- 
fusion. 

bedlamite (bed'lam-it), n. a mad- 
man ; an inmate of Bethlehem Hos- 
pital or bedlam. 

Bedouin (bed'oo-in), n. a nomadic 
Arab or tent-dweller of Arabia, 
Syria, and northern Africa : adj, 
nomad. 

bedrabble. See drabble. 

bedraggle. See draggle. 

bedrencb. See drench. 

bedrid (bed'rid) or bedridden ('rid- 
n) , adj. confined to bed by age or 
infirmity. 

bedrop (be-drop'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
bedropped, p.2yr. bedroppihg], to 
sprinkle as with drops ; bespatter. 

bee (be), n. p hymenopterous insect 
of the genus Apis ; the hive or hon- 
ey-bee kept in hives for the sake of 
its honey and wax ; an industrious 
person ; a social meeting for work on 
behalf of a neighbor or a charitable 
object ; strips of wood bolted each 
side of a bowsprit, through which 
the foretopmast stays are reeved. 

bee-bread (be'bred), n. a brown bit- 
ter substance consisting of the pol- 
len of flowers collected and stored 
by bees as food for their young. 

bee-eater (be'et-er), n. one of the 
numerous species of bee-eating birds. 

beebive (be'hiv), n. a bos or other 
covering for a swarm of bees, and 
serving for the storage of honey. 

bee-line (be'lin), n. the straight J 
course pursued by a bee returning ' 
laden to the hive : hence the most 
direct way from one point to an- 
other. 

bee-motb (be'mCth), n. a mothj 
which lays its eggs in beehives, and 
whose larvae feed upon the wax. 

beech (bech), n. [pi. beeches ('ez)], 
a tree of the genus Fagus, yielding 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon^ 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



be© 



104 



beg 



a hard timber and edible triangular 

nuts. 

beechen (be'chen), adj. pertaining 
to, or made of the wood or bark of, 
the beech. 

beef (bef), n. the flesh of an ox, 
bull, or cow, when killed. 

beefeater ('e-ter), n. a yeoman of 
the English royal guard, attending 
the sovereign on state occasions. 

beefy (be'fi), adj. resembling beef: 
fleshy. 

been (bin), p.p. of be. 

beer (ber), n. a fermented liquor 
made from any farinaceous grain, 
but generally from malted barley, 
with hops or other substances added 
to impart a bitter flavor ; a ferment- 
ed extract of the roots and other 
parts of various plants, as ginger, 
spruce, &c. 

beery (ber'i), adj. pertaining to beer ; 
stained by beer ; affected by beer ; 
maudlin. 

beestings (bes'tingz), n. the first 
milk given by a cow after calving. 

beeswing (bez'wing), n. a gauzy film 
occurring in port and some other 
wines, indicative of age. 

beet (bet), n. a biennial plant, culti- 
vated for its edible succulent root, 
and from which sugar is made. 

beetle (be'tl), n. a heavy wooden mal- 
let employed for driving wedges, 
consolidating earth, &c. ; a club for 
beating linen, &c., in washing : v.t. 
to use a beetle on ; beat with a 
heavy wooden mallet, as a substitute 
for mangling. 

beetle (be'tl), n. any insect belong- 
ing to the order of Coleoptera, hav- 
ing four wings, the anterior or outer 
pair being hardened and serving as 
a horny sheath to the inner pair. 

beetle (be'tl), v.i. to be prominent; 
jut out ; overhang, as a cliff. 

beetling (bet'ling), adj. standing 
out ; overhanging. 

befall or befal (be-fawl'), v.t. \_p.t. 
befell, p.p. befallen, p.pr. befalling], 
to happen or occur to : v.i. come to 
pass. 

bef ana (be-fa'na), n. a fairy sup- 
posed to reward children by presents 
of sweetmeats, &c., on Ephiphany- 
eve (Jan. 5th). 



befit (be-fit'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. be- 
fitted, p.pr. befittting], befitting or 
suitable to ; become. 

befog. See fog. 

befool. See fool. 

before (be-for'), prep, in front of; 
preceding in space, time, or rank; 
in presence or sight of ; under juris- 
diction of ; rather than ; earlier 
than : adv. in front ; in advance ; 
previously ; formerly ; already. 

beforehand (be-for 'hand), adv. in 
advance. 

befoul. See foul. 

befriend (be-frend'), v.i. to act as a 
friend to ; aid or shield ; assist. 

beg (beg), v.t. & v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
begged ; p.pr. begging] , to ask or 
supplicate in charity ; ask for ear- 
nestly ; beseech ; entreat with humil- 
ity ; ask as a favor ; to practice beg- 
ging. (The phrase "I beg to," in 
polite usage, is employed elliptically 
for ask, request, as I deg to state.) 

began, p.t. of begin. 

begem. See gem. 

beget (be-gef), v.t. [p.t. begot, be- 
gat, p.p. begotten, begot, p.pr. be- 
getting], to procreate, as a father 
or sire ; generate ; produce i cause to 
exist. 

begetter (be-get'ter), n. one who be- 
■gets. 

beggable (beg'a-bl), adj. capable of 
being solicited as gift or alms. 

beggar (beg'er), n. one who entreats 
or supplicates with humility ; one 
who makes it his business to beg or 
ask for alms ; one who is reduced to 
extreme poverty : v.t. to exhaust the 
resources of ; outdo. 

beggar liness (-nes), n. extreme pov- 
erty ; meanness. 

beggarly (beg'er-li), adj. like, or in 
the condition of, a beggar ; poor ; 
mean ; contemptible. 

beggary (beg'er-i), n. the state of a 
beggar ; extreme poverty ; beggars 
collectively. 

begin (be-gin'), v.i. [p.t. began, p.p. 
begun, p.pr, beginning], to com- 
mence existence ; originate ; arise : 
to take the initiatory step ; make a 
start. 

beginner (be-gin'er), n. one who be- 
gins or originates ; one who enters 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; mS, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon« 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



lies 



105 



1>el 



upon anything for the first time; a 
novice. 

Iieginxiing; (be-gin'ing), n. the first 
cause; origin; the initial stage of 
anything. 

begird. See gird. 

ibegirdle. See girdle. 

begone (be-gon'), inter j. go away! 
depart ! 

begonia (be-go'ni-a), n. a genus of 
tropical plants, cultivated for their 
ornamental leaves and showy flow- 
ers. 

begot (be-gof), p.t. & p.p. of beget. 

begotten (be-got'n), p.p. of beget. 

begrease. See grease. 

begrime. See grime. 

begrudge. See grudge. 

beguile (be-gil'), v.t. to impose upon 
or delude by guile ; deceive ; cause 
to pass pleasantly ; divert or enter- 
tain. 

beguilement (be-gll'ment), n, the 
act of beguiling ; the state of being 
beguiled. 

begum (be'gum), n. in the East In- 
dies, a princess or lady of high rank. 

begun, p.p. of begin. 

bebalf (be-haf), n. advantage; fa- 
vor ; support ; defense ; stead ; inter- 
est [governed always by the prepo- 
sition in, on, or upon'\, 

bebave (be-hav')> 'V.t. to conduct, 
comport, demean, or acquit : v.i. to 
act; conduct one's self in a proper 
manner. 

bebavior (be-hav'yer), n, manner of 
behaving, whether good or bad ; con- 
duct ; deportment ; manners. 

bebead (be-hed'), v.t. to cut off the 
head of. 

bebeld (be-held'), p.t. & p.p. of be- 
hold. 

behemotb (be-he'moth), n. an ani- 
mal described in Job si. 15-24, and 
probably intended for the hippopota- 
mus. 

bebest (be-hest') , n. a command ; pre- 
cept. 

bebind (be-hind'), prep, at the back 
of ; in the rear of ; remaining after ; 
inferior to : adv. at the back ; in the 
rear ; toward the back ; out of sight ; 
past In point of time. 

bebindband (be-hind'hand), adv. or 



adj. in a state of backwardness; 
late ; in arrear. 

bebold (be-hold'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
beheld, p.pr. beholding], to fix the 
eyes upon; have in sight; look at; 
observe with care : v.i. to look ; di- 
rect or fix the mind. 

bebolden (be-hol'dn), p.adj. indebt- 
ed ; obliged ; bound in gratitude. 

beboof (be-h6of')» n. advantage; in- 
terest ; profit ; use ; behalf. 

beboove or bebove (be-hoov')", v.t. 
to be meet, necessary, or fit for. 

beige (bazh), adj. having its natural 
color, as a fabric of undyed wool. 

being, p.pr. of be. 

being (be'ing), n. existence, as op- 
posed to non-existence ; that which 
exists in any form, whether actual 
or ideal. 

be jewel (be-ju'el), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
-ed, p.pr. ing], to ornament or fur- 
nish with jewels. 

bekko-ware (bek'o-war), n. an an- 
cient kind of Japanese pottery ia 
imitation of tortoise-shell. 

belabor (be-la'ber), v.t. to beat 
soundly. 

belate (be-laf), v.t. to make late, or 
retard. 

belated (be-la'ted), p.adj. delayed; 
too late ; overtaken by darkness :, 
benighted. 

belay (be-la'), v.t. make fast, as a 
rope, by winding round a pin, cleat, 
&c. 

belcb (belch), v.t. to eject with force 
or violence : v.i. to eject wind from 
the stomach : n. the act of ejecting 
wind forcibly. 

beldam (bel'dam) or beldame 
( 'dam ) , l^. a grandmother ; an ugly 
old woman. 

beleaguer (be-le'ger), v.t. to be- 
siege ; surround with an army so as 
to preclude escape ; blockade. 

belemnite (berem-nit), ii. the fossil 
internal bone, or shell, of an extinct 
family of cuttle-fishes. 

belfry (bel'fri), n. a bell tower; 
that part of a steeple or tower in 
which a bell is hung. 

Belgr avian (bel-gra'vi-an), adj. be- 
longing to Belgravia, a fashionable 
quarter of London : hence aristo- 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, u6rth, not; boon,, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



bel 



106 



t>el 



cratic ; fashionable : n. an inhabi- 
tant of Belgravia; a member of the 
upper classes. 

belie (be-li'), v.t, to calumniate; 
slander by lies ; give the lie to ; show 
to be false. 

belief (be-lef), n. assent to anything 
proposed or declared, and its accept- 
ance as fact, by reason of the au- 

. thority whence it proceeds, apart 
from personal knowledge ; faith ; the 
thing believed; the whole body of 
tenets held by the professors of any 
faith ; a creed ; a conviction. 

believable (be-le'va-bl), adj. capable 
of being accepted as truth ; credible. 

believability ('i-ti), n. credibility; 
credence ; believableness. 

believe (be-lev'), v.t. to place cre- 
dence in and accept as true, upon the 
ground of authority, testimony, or 
logical inference apart from per- 
sonal knowledge; place ^confidence 
in ; expect or hope : v.i. to have 
faith ; be more or less firmly per- 
suaded of the truth of (anything; 
think or suppose. 

believer (be-le'ver), n, one who ac- 
cepts as truth something not actu- 
ally demonstrated ; one who adheres 
to a religious faith; a professor of 
Christianity. 

belike (be-lik'), adv. probably. 

belittle (be-lit'l), v.t. to lower or de- 
preciate; run down by speaking 
slightingly of. 

bell (bel), -yi. to bellow, as deer in 
rutting time ; to be in flower : said 
of the hop. 

bell (bel), n. a hollow metallic ves- 
sel, usually cup-shaped, and giving 
forth a clear, ringing sound when 
struck ; anything in the form of a 
bell : pi. the divisions of daily time 
marked each half-hour by strokes on 
a bell : v.t. to put a bell on. 

bell-bird (bel'berd), n. an American 
bird whose note resembles a bell ; an 
Australian bird whose note is sim- 
ilar. 

bellman (bel'm&n), n.; pi. bellmen, 
one who uses a bell for public an- 
nouncement ; a town-crier. 

bell-metal (bel-met'al), n. an alloy 
of copper and tin, used for the man- 
ufacture of bells. 



bell-pnncli (bel 'punch), n, a punch 
with a signal bell used on tramcars 
for puncturing the tickets and 
checking the number of fares issued. 

bell-telegraph (bertel'e-graf), n. a 
telegraphic instrument in which bells 
are employed instead of needles. 

bell-ivether (bel'we^Ti'er), w. a weth- 
er or sheep which leads the flock 
with a bell on his neck. 

belladonna (bel-a-don'a), n. the 
deadly nightshade, a poisonous plant 
used as medicine. 

belle (bel), n. a young and handsome 
lady ; a reigning beauty. 

belles-lettres (bel-let'r), w.pZ. polite 
or elegant literature; light litera- 
ture. 

bellicose (bel'i-kos), adj. pugna- 
cious ; contentious ; warlike. 

bellied (bel'id), adj. having a belly; 
swelled out in the middle. 

belligerence (bel-ij'er-ens), or bel- 
ligerency (-en-si), n, the act or 
state of warfare. 

belligerent (bel-ij'er-ent), adj. wag- 
ing war ; pertaining to war or war- 
fare : warlike : n. a power recog- 
nized as carrying on warj a person 
engaged in fighting. 

bellite (bel'it), n. an explosive com- 
pound formed of ammonium nitrate 
and other substances. 

bellow (bel'o), v.i. to utter a full 
resonant sound, as a bull ; bawl or 
vociferate; roar, as the sea in a 
tempest, or as the wind when vio- 
lent : v.t, to utter with a loud, full 
voice : n. the roar of a bull ; a loud, 
resounding outcry. 

bellows (bel'oz), n. sing. & pl.Sin in- 
strument for producing a current of 
air, and used for various purposes, 
as blowing fires, or filling the pipes 
of an organ. 

belly (bel'li), n. [pi. bellies ('liz)], 
that part of the human body which 
extends from the breast to the 
thighs, and contains the bowels ; the 
abdomen ; the corresponding part in 
the lower animals ; the part of any- 
thing that swells out into a larger 
capacity: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. bellied: 
p.pr. bellying], to swell and become 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



1>el 



107 



hen 



protuberant; bulge out: v.t. to 
cause to swell out, as sails. 

belly-band (bel'i-band), n. a band 
that encircles the belly of a horse ; 
a saddle-girth. 

belong (be-long'), v.i. to be the prop- 
erty (of) ; go along with ; be a part 
(of) ; be appendant (to), or con- 
nected (with) ; be the concern or 
business (of) ; appertain (to) ; be 
suitable ; be due ; have a settled or 
legal residence (in) ; be native (to). 

belonging (be-l6ng'ing), n. that 
which belongs to one [generally used 
in the pi.} ; qualities; endowments; 
property ; possessions ; appendages. 

beloved (be-luvd' & luv'ed), p.adj. 
greatly loved ; dear to the heart : n. 
one who is greatly loved. 

belo^v (be-lo'), prep, under in place; 
beneath ; not so high ; inferior to in 
rank or excellence ; lower in value, 
price, &c. : adv. in a lower place ; 
on the earth ; in hell, or the regions 
of the dead; in a lower rank or 
grade ; off duty ; under. 

belt (belt), n. a girdle or band used 
to encircle the waist ; anything re- 
sembling a belt, or which- encircles, 
restrains, or supports, as a belt ; a 

. strip ; a band ; a heraldic badge de- 
noting knightly rank ; one of the 
rings surrounding the planet Jupi- 
ter ; a band connecting two wheels 
and transmitting motion from one 
to the other : v.t. to encircle, as with 
a belt ; surround. 

belted-cruiser (-kroo'zer), n. a 
quick-sailing ship, having a broad 
band of armor-plating. 

belting (bel'ting), n. belts collective- 
ly; the material of which belts are 
made. 

beluga (be-lu'ga), n. the large white 
sturgeon from the roe of which 
caviare is made ; the white whale of 
the Northern Seas. 

belvedere (bel-ve-der'), n. a pavilion 
or open structure raised upon the 
top of a house ; a summerhouse built 
on an eminence. 

bemire (be-mir'), v.t. to soil by pass- 
ing through mire ; to fix in the mire. 

bemoan (be-Taon') ,. v.t. to lament; 
bewail ; pity ; sympathize with. 



bencb (bench), n. [pi. benches 
('ez)l, a long seat; a strong table 
on which mechanics do their work; 
the seat where judges sit in court ; 
the persons who sit as judges ; the 
court : v.t. to furnish with benches. 

bench-ivarrant (bench-wor'ant), n. 
a warrant issued by a court ^ or 
judge, as distinguished from a }.^s~ 
tice's warrant issued by a magis- 
trate. 

bend (bend), v.t. to curve or make 
crooked; move or deflect out of a 
straight line ; direct to p certain 
point ; incline ; cause to yield ; 
fasten : v.i. to be or become curved 
or crooked ; be turned towards ; bow 
or be submissive : n. a curve ; a turn 
or deflection ; a crook ; a knot by 
which one rope is fastened to an- 
other, or to anything else : n. one of 
the nine heraldic ordinaries crossing 
the field from the dexter chief to the 
sinister base point of the escutcheon. 

bender (ben'der), n. one who, or 
that which, bends. 

beneatb (be-neth'), prep, lower in 
place, with reference to something 
above ; under the pressure of ; lower 
in rank, dignity, or excellence than; 
unworthy of : adv. in a lower place ; 
below. 

benedict (ben'e-dikt), n. a newly 
married man, especially one who 
has previously ridiculed the idea of 
matrimony. From Benedick in 
Shakespeare's • play "Much Ado 
about Nothing." 

benediction (ben-e-dik'shun), w. the 
act of blessing ; a blessing or ex- 
pression of kind wishes solemnly or 
affectionately invoked ; the short 
blessing pronounced at the close of 
public worship. 

benedictive (ben-e-dik'tiv) or ben- 
edictory ('to-ri), adj. tending to 
bless ; conveying or expressing good 
wishes. 

benefaction (ben-e-fak'shun), n. the 
act of conferring a benefit ; a benefit 
conferred ; a charitable donation. 

benefactor (ben-e-fak'ter), n. one 
who confers a benefit. Benefac- 
tress, the feminine form of the 
word. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hiie, hut ; think, then. 



lien 



108 



ber 



"benefice (ben'e-fis), n. a fief, or es- 
tate in lands ; an ecclesiastical liv- 
ing ; a church endowed with reve- 
nue ; the revenue itself. 

besieficence ( be-nef 'i-sens ),n. active 
goodness ; a benefaction. 

beneficent ( be-nef 'i-sent ) , adj. char- 
acterized by benevolence. 

beneficial (ben-e-fish'al), adj. con- 
tributing to a valuable end ; help- 
ful ; profitable ; conferring or hav- 
ing the right to benefit or user. 

beneficially (-li), adv. in an advan- 
tageous manner. 

beneficiary (ben-e-fish'i-a'ri), adj. 
holding office under another ; con- 
nected with the receipt of benefits 
or profits ; freely bestowed : n. one 
who holds a benefice ; in feudal 
times a vassal ; one who receives 
anything as a gift. 

benefit (ben'e-fit), n. an act of kind- 
ness ; a favor conferred ; whatever 
promotes the happiness and well- 
being of a person or thing, or adds 
to the value of property ; a theatri- 
cal performance, the proceeds of 
which go to one of the actors, &c. : 
v.t. to do good to ; be of service to : 
v.i. to gain advantage ; make im- 
provement. 

benevolence (be-nev'o-lens), n. the 
disposition to do good ; philanthro- 
py ; good-will ; an act of kindness ; 
a royal tax formerly levied under 
the guise of a gratuity to the sov- 
ereign. 

benevolent (be-nev'6-lent), adj. 
kind ; charitable ; philanthropic. 

bengal (ben-gawl'), n. a thin stuff 
made of silk and hair. 

bengal light (lit), n. a firework, 
used also for signaling at sea, giv- 
ing a steady bright blue light. 
Called also blue light. 

bengal-stripes (-strips), n. a kind 
of cotton cloth or gingham with 
colored stripes. 

bengal tiger (ti'ger), w. the royal 
tiger. 

benight (be-nlf), v.t. enshroud in 
darkness ; overtake with night [usu- 
ally in jj.p.]. 

benign (be-nln'), adj. of a kind or 
gentle disposition ; favorable ; salu- 
tary ; genial. 



benignant (be-nig'nant), adj. kind; 
gracious ; favorable. 

benignity (be-nig'ni-ti), n. [pi. be- 
nignities (-tiz)], kindness of na- 
ture ; graciousness ; gentleness ; 
mildness. 

benison (ben'i-zn), n. a blessing. 

benitier (ba-ne'tia), n. sl font for 
holy water. 

benne (ben'e), n. the Sesame, an 
East Indian annual, cultivated for 
its seeds, out of which a valuable 
oil is obtained. 

bent (bent), adj. curved; crooked; 
strongly inclined ; determined : n. a 
turn ; an inclination ; a leaning or 
bias ; disposition ; propensity ; a 
stiff or wiry grass. 

benumb. See numb. 

benumbment (be-num'ment), n. the 
act of stupefying ; torpidity. 

benzene (ben'zen), n. a volatile 
highly inflammable liquid, obtained 
commercially by distillation from 
coal-tar. Also called benzole and 
benzoline. 

benzine ^(ben-zen'), n. a liquid com- 
pounded of the volatile hydrocar- 
bons of petroleum, and obtained by 
distillation ; used as a solvent and 
for the removal of grease, &c. 

benzoic (ben-zo'ik), adj. pertaining 
to or obtained from benzoin. 

benzoic acid (as'id), n. (flowers of 
benzoin), a peculiar vegetable acid 
obtained from benzoin and other 
balsams by sublimation or decoc- 
tion. 

benzoin (ben-zo'in) or benzoine 
Czoin), n. the resinous juice of 
Gum Benjamin, a tree of Sumatra, 
&c., used chiefly in cosmetics, per- 
fumes, and incense. 

bequeath (he-kweth'), v.t. to give or 
leave by will ; hand down ; transmit. 

bequeathment (he-kweth' ment) , n. 
the act of leaving by will ; a be- 
quest. 

bequest (be-kwest'), n. the act of 
leaving by will ; something left by 
will ; a legacy. 

berate. See rate. 

berberine (ber'ber-in), n. an alka- 
loid obtained, as a bitter, yellow 
substance, from the barberry and 
other plants ; used in dyeing. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



her 



109 



berberry. Same as barl^erry. 

berceuse (bar-sez') , n. a cradle song ; 
a tender or soothing musical com- 
position. 

bereave (be-rev'), 'v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
bereaved, bereft, p.pr. bereaving], 
to deprive ; make destitute ; strip ; 
rob [with of before the thing taken 
away]. 

bereavement (be-rev'ment), n. the 
act of bereaving ; the state of being 
bereaved; the loss of a relative or 
friend by death. 

bereft (be-reft'), P-t. & p.p. of be- 
reave. 

berg (berg), n. a large floating mass 
of ice ; an iceberg ; a sharp pointed 
rock projecting from the sea. 

bergamot (ber'ga-mot), n. variety 
of lemon, the rind of which yields 
the volatile oil of bergamot, much 
used in perfumery ; a variety of 
pear ; a variety of mint ; a coarse 
kind of tapestry. 

bergmehl (berg'mal), n. mountain- 
meal, a powdery substance com- 
posed of the siliceous skeletons of 
diatoms. 

Bermuda grass (ber-mu'da gras'), 
n. SL valuable variety of pasture 
grass. 

Berm.udian (ber-mii'di-an), adj. of 
or pertaining to the island of Ber- 
muda. 

Bernese (ber-nez'), adj. pertaining 
to Berne in Switzerland, or its in- 
habitants. 

bernicle (ber'ni-kal), n. the bernicle 
goose. 

beroon (be-roon'), n. the principal 
court of a Persian house. 

berry (ber'i), n. [pi. berries ('iz)], 
any small pulpy or succulent fruit, 
as the strawberry, &c. ; anything re- 
sembling a berry in shape : v.i. [p.t. 
& p.p. berried, p.pr. berrying], to 
bear, produce, or gather berries. 

berth (berth), n. ample or adequate 
sea room; a station which a ship 
occupies at anchorage or port ; a 
room in a vessel set apart for oSi- 
cers or seamen ; a sleeping place for 
a passenger in a ship or railway 
carriage ; a situation or appoint- 
ment : v.t. to allot an anchorage to ; 



give space to lie in ; allot a sleeping 
place to. 

bertha (ber'tha), n. a kind of lady's 
cape. 

berthage (ber'thaj), n. dues levied 
upon vessels using anchorage in 
harbor or dock ; the space for moor- 
ing vessels in harbor or dock. 

beryl (ber'il), n. a mineral of vary- 
ing colors, commonly green or 
greenish-blue. 

berylline ber'i-lin), adj. like a beryl 
in color. 

beseech (be-sech'), v.t. [p.t, & p.p. 
besought, p.pr. beseeching], to en- 
treat; supplicate; implore; beg 
eagerly for ; solicit. 

beseem (be-sem'), v.i. & v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. -ed, p.pr. -ing], to be suitable or 
seemly ; to become ; to seem. 

beset (be-sef), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. be- 
set, p.pr. besetting], to set or stud; 
distribute over ; surround ; besiege ; 
press upon on all sides ; press hard 
on. 

besetment (be-set'ment), n. the 
condition of being surrounded. 

besetting (be-set'ing), adj. habitual- 
ly attacking or coming upon. 

beshrew (be-shroo'), v.t. to wish a 
curse to ; execrate. 

beside (be-sid'), prep, at the side of; 
near ; apart from ; not connected 
with. 

besides (be-sidz'), adv. more than 
that ; in addition ; as well : prep. 
over and above ; separate or dis- 
tinct from. 

besiege (be-sej'), v.t. to encompass 
with armed forces, in order to com- 
pel a foe to surrender ; lay siege to ; 
beset or harass. 

besiegement (be-^sej'ment), n. the 
act of besetting ; the state of being 
encompassed, 

beslaver (be-slav'er), v.t. to besmear 
with spittle ; cover with fulsome 
praise. 

beslobber (be-slob'er) , v.t. to smear 
with anything running from the 
mouth, as spittle ; kiss effusively all 
over the mouth ; to flatter ful- 
somely. 

besmear. See smear. 

besmirch (be-smerch'), v.t. to soil; 
discolor ; sully or dishonor. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



bes 



110 



bet 



besom (be'zum), n. a brush of twigs 
for sweeping ; a broom. 

besot (be-sof), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. be- 
sotted, p.pr. besotting], to bestial- 
ize, as with drink ; stupefy ; infatu- 
ate. 

besotment (be-sot'ment), n. the act 
or state of being besotted or infatu- 
ated. 

besottedly (-li), adv. in a foolish or 
infatuated manner. 

besougbt, p.t. & p.p. of beseech. 

bespangle (be-spang'gl), v.t. to 
adorn with spangles ; dot or 
sprinkle with something that glit- 
ters. 

bespatter (be-spat'er), v.t. to soil 
by spattering; spot with mud; as- 
perse with calumny. 

bespeak (be-spek'), v.t. [p.t. be- 
spoke, p.pr. bespeaking], to speak 
for beforehand ; order or arrange 
in advance ; betoken ; indicate, as 
by signs or marks : w. among actors, 
a benefit. 

bespread. See spread. 

besprinkle. See sprinkle^ 

bessemer steel (bes'em-er-stel), n. 
steel made by forcing atmospheric 
air into cast iron while in a molten 
state. 

best (best), adj. having the highest 
degree of goodness or excellence ; 
of the first quality or standing; 
most desirable, suitable, advan- 
tageous, &c. ; largest : n. the high- 
est state of excellence; the utmost 
endeavor ; all one can do or show : 
adv. (superl. of well) in the high- 
est degree ; with most advantage or 
success : v.t. to get the better of ; 
surpass ; outwit. 

best-man (best'man), n. the grooms- 
man or principal attendant on a 
bridegroom. 

bested or bestead _(be-sted'), p.adj. 
situated ; placed ; circumstanced. 

bestial (bes'tial), adj. belonging to 
a beast ; animal ; having the quali- 
ties of a beast ; brutal ; sensual ; ob- 
scene. 

bestialize' (bes'tial-iz), v.t. to make 
like a beast ; degrade to the level 
of a brute. 

bestiality (bes-tial'i-ti), w. the qual- 
ities or nature of a beast. 



bestially ( bes'tial-li ) , adv. in a 
beast-like manner. 

bestir (be-ster'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. be- 
stirred, p.pr. bestirring], to put into 
brisk or vigorous action. 

bestow (be-sto')j v.t. to lay up in 
store ; deposit in safe keeping ; use 
or apply ; give or confer [followed 
by on or upon}. 

bestowment (be-sto'ment) or be- 
stowal ('al), n. the act of giving 
or conferring ; that which is given. 

bestraddle (be-strad'l), v.t. to be 
stride. 

bestrew (be-stroo') or bestrow 
(-stro'), v.t. to strew or scatter 
over. 

bestride (be-strid'), v.t. [p.t. be- 
strode & bestrid, p.p.* bestridden, 
bestrid, p.pr. bestriding], to stand 
or sit on with the legs astride ; em- 
brace with the legs, as a horse. 

bet (bet), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bet and 
betted, p.pr. betting], to stake or 
pledge on the event of a future 
contingency : v.i. to lay a wager : n. 
the act of wagering; that which is 
laid, staked, or pledged on any event 
or contest the issue of which is un- 
certain ; the terms on which a bet 
is arranged. 

betake (be-tak'), v.t. [p.t. betook, 
p.p. betaken, p.pr. betaking], to 
have recourse to ; repair ; resort ; 
take one's self (to). 

betel (be'tl), n. a species of pepper, 
native of the East Indies, the leaves 
of which are chewed with the betel- 
nut and a little lime. 

betel-nut (-nut), n. the nut-seed of 
the East Indian areca-palm. 

bethel (beth'el), n. a hallowed spot; 
a dissenting chapel ; a seaman's 
chapel. 

bethink (be-think'), v.t. & v.i. [p.t. 
& p.p. bethought, p.pr. bethinking], 
to call to mind ; consider ; remind 
one's self ; to reflect. 

betide (be-tid'), v.t. to happen to; 
befall : v.i. to come to pass. 

betimes (be-tlmz'), adv. in good sea- 
son or time ; before it is too late ; 
early ; soon. 

betoken (be-to'kn), v.t. to indicate 
by signs ; serve as a sign or token 



atSf arm, 



I, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; booni 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



bet 



111 



be-vr 



of; foreshadow by what is visibly 
present. 

tieton (bet'un, French ba-t6ng'), n. 
a concrete composed of lime, sand, 
and gravel, used for submarine 
structures. 

Tietony (bet'o-ni), n. a common name 
for a woodland plant, with purple 
flowers, formerly used in medicine 
and as a dye. 
t lietook, p.t. of betake. 
I betray (be-tra'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
•betrayed, p.pr. betraying], to de- 
liver into the hands of an enemy 
by treachery ; violate by fraud or 
unfaithfulness ; reveal in breach of 
confidence ; disclose inadvertently ; 
deceive; indicate or show. 

betrayal (be-tra'al), n. the act of 
betraying. 

betroth, (be-troth'), v.t. to contract 
to give any one in marriage ; af- 
fiance ; plight or pledge one's troth 
to. 

betrotbal (be-troth'al) or betrotb- 
ment ('ment), n. the act of en- 
gaging to marry ; the state of being 
engaged ; a mutual promise for fu- 
ture marriage made between a man 
and a woman. 

better (bet'er), adj. [used as the 
compar. of good], having good qual- 
ities in a greater degree than an- 
other ; preferable or more suitable ; 
improved in health ; more perfect ; 
larger ; greater : adv. [used as com- 
par. of well], in a superior or more 
excellent manner ; more correctly or 
thoroughly ; . in a higher degree ; 
more in extent : v.t. to improve or 
ameliorate ; increase the good quali- 
ties of ; surpass ; excel ; outdo : v.i. 
to become better : n. a superior ; 
one who has a claim to precedence 
[usually in the pi.] ; superiority, 
or advantage over [usually with 
ofl. 

better or bettor (bet'er), n. one 
who wagers or lays bets. 

betterment (bet'er-ment), n. a mak- 
ing better ; the improvement of land 
or houses. 

betting (bet'ing), n. the act of mak- 
ing bets. 

between (be-twen'), prep, in the 
space or interval which separates ; 



in intermediate relation to ; from 
one to another of; shared in com- 
mon. 

betweenwbiles ('hwilz), adv. at in- 
tervals. 

betwixt (be-twikst'), prep, between; 
in the space which separates. 

bevel (bev'el), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. -ed, 
p.pr. -ing], to cut to a bevel- 
angle : v.i. to slant or incline off to 
a bevel-angle : n. an angle other- 
wise than a right angle (90°) ; the 
inclination which one surface makes 
with another when not at right 
angles ; an instrument used for 
drawing angles : adj. having the 
form of a bevel ; aslant. 

bevel-gear (ger), n. a species of 
wheel-work in which the axis or 
shaft of the driving-wheel forms an 
angle with the shaft of the wheel 
driven. 

bevel- wbeel (hwel), n. a cog-wheel 
with its working face oblique to 
the axis. 

bevelment (bev'el-ment), n. the act 
or process of beveling. 

beverage (bev'er-aj), n. drink of 
any description; liquor for drink- 
ing. 

bevy (bev'i), a company or assembly 
of persons, especially of ladies ; a 
flock of quails or larks. 

bewail (be-wal'), v.t. to mourn or 
weep aloud for ; lament : v.i. to ex- 
press grief. 

bewailment (be-wal'ment), n. the 
act of lamenting ; a lamentation. 

beware (be- war'), v.i. to be on one's 
guard ; be wary or cautious ; take 
care. 

bewilder (be-wil'der), v.t. to lead 
into perplexity or confusion ; puz- 
zle. 

bewilderment (be-wil'der-ment), n. 
the state of being greatly puzzled 
or perplexed; a tangled or con- 
fused mass. 

bewitch, (be-wich'), v.t. to cast a 
spell over ; subject to witchcraft ; 
charm beyond the power of resist- 
ance ; fascinate. 

bewitchery (be-wich'er-i), n. witch* 
ery ; fascination ; charm. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, n^t* boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, tTien. 



112 



bill 



"be-witcliing (be-wich'ing), adj. hav- 
ing power to fascinate; captivat- 
ing; alluring. 

be-w-itcliment (be-wich'ment), n. 
fascination ; charm ; power of be- 
witching. 

"bewray (be-ra'), v.t. ]_p.t. & p.p. 
bewrayed, p.pr. bewraying], to ex- 
pose, reveal. 

bey (ba), n. a governor of a province 
or district in the Turkish domin- 
ions ; a Turkish title of respect ; a 
beg. 

beylik (ba'lik), n. the territory ruled 
by a bey. 

beyond (be-yond'), prep, on the fur- 
ther side of ; before ; past ; out of 
reach of ; later than ; above ; in a 
degree or amount exceeding or sur- 
passing : adv. further away ; yon- 
der : n. that state of existence which 
is beyond our present experience. 

bezan (bez'an), n. a Bengal cotton 
cloth. 

bez-antler (bez-ant'ler), n. the sec- 
ond branch of a stag's horn next 
to the antler proper. 

bezel (bez'el), n. the slope at the 
edge of a cutting tool ; the rim 
which encompasses and fastens a 
gem in its setting ; the groove in 
which the glass of a watch is fitted. 

bezetta (be-zet'ta), n. a dye obtained 
by immersing coarse rags in a col- 
ored solution. 

"bezique (be-zek'), n. a modern game 
of cards. 

bezoar (be'zor), n. a calcareous con- 
cretion found in the intestines of 
certain animals. 

bbang or bang (bang), n. an East- 
ern drug prepared from the dried 
leaves of the hemp plant, having 
strong narcotic and astringent tiual- 
ities ; hashish. 

biannual ( bi-an'u-al ) , adj. occur- 
ring twice in a year. 

biannually (-li), adv. twice a year. 

biarticulate (bi-ar-tik'u-lat), adj. 
having two joints. 

bias (bi'as), n. [pi. biases (-ez)], a 
seam formed by uniting the edges 
of two pieces of cloth cut obliquely 
to the texture ; a weight on the side 
of a bowl which causes it to turn 
from a straight line ; prepossession 



or undue propensity for; prejudice: 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p. -ed, p.pr. -ing], to 
give a bias or particular direction 
to ; incline to one side ; influence ; 
prejudice ; prepossess : adv. in a 
slanting manner ; obliquely. 

biauricnlate (bi-aw-rik'u-lat), adj. 
having two auricles, as the heart of 
the higher vertebrates ; having two 
ear-like projections at the base, as 
a leaf. 

biaxial (bi-aks'i-al) or biaxal ('al), 
adj. having two axes. 

biaxially (-li), adv. with two axes. 

bib (bib), n. a piece of cloth placed 
under an infant's chin to protect its 
clothes. 

bibasic (bi-bas'ik), adj. a term ap- 
plied to acids which combine with 
two equivalents of a base. 

bibber (bib'er), n. a tippler. 

Bible (bi'bl), n. the Book (or the 
Books) by pre-eminence; the writ- 
ings of the Old and New Testament, 
whether in the original tongue or 
translated. 

Biblical (bib'li-kal), adj. of or per- 
taining to the Bible ; scriptural. 

Biblically (-li), adv. according to 
the Bible. 

Biblicist (bib'li-sist), n. one who 
adheres to the strict letter of the 
Bible. 

bibliograpber (bib-li-og'ra-fer), ii. 
one who is versed in the making of 
books, or writes a history of their 
production. 

bibliograpbic (bib-li-o-graf'ik) or 
bibliograpliical (-al), adj. per- 
taining to the history of books. 

bibliograpbically (-li), adv. in a 
bibliographical manner. 

bibliography (bib-li-og'ra-fi), n. the 
science or description of books ; a 
list of authorities on any subject. 

biblioklept (bib'li-o-klept) , n.a. book 
stealer. 

bibliolater (bib-li-ol'a-ter) or bib- 
liolatrist (-trist), n. a book wor- 
shiper ; one addicted to bibliolatry. 

bibliolatry (bib-li-ol'a-tri), n. book 
worship ; excessive reverence for the 
letter of the Scriptures. 

bibliological (bib-li-o-loj'ik-al) ,«<?/. 
pertaining to bibliology. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; booDf 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



1)i1> 



113 



bid 



bibliology (bib-li-ol'o-ji), n. an ac- 
count of books; Biblical literature 
or doctrine. 
bibliomania (bib-li-6-ma'ni-a), n. a 
mania for acquiring rare and curi- 
ous books. 
bibliomaniac (bib-li-o-ma'ni-ak), n. 
one who has a mania for acquiring 
books. 

bibliopbile (bib'li-o-fil), n. a lover 
of books. 

bibliopbilism (bib-li-of'i-lizm), n. 
\o\Q of books. 

bibliopole (bib'li-o-p61), n. a book- 
seller, especially one who deals in 
rare works. 

bibliotbeca (bib-li-o-the'ka), n. a 
library. 

biblus (bib'lus), n. another name 
^for the papyrus. 

bibulous (bib'u-lus), adj. readily ab- 
sorbing or imbibing fluids ; spongy ; 
addicted to drink. 

bicallose (bi-kal'os) or bicallous 
^('us), adj. having two callosities. 

bicameral ( bi-kam'e-ral ) , adj. per- 
taining to or consisting of two 
legislative chambers. 

bicarbonate (bi-kar'bon-at), n. a 
carbonate or salt containing two 
equivalents of carbonic acid to one 
of a base. 

bicarinate (bi-kar'i-nat), adj. hav- 
ing two keel-like projections. 

bicaudate (bi-kaw'dat), adj. fur- 
^nished with or ending in two tails. 

bice or bise (bis), n. name given to 
two pigments used in painting, one 
blue and the other green, called blue 
^bice and green _bice respectively. 

bicentenary (bi-sen'te-na-ri), n. the 
two hundredth anniversary of any 
event, or its celebration : adj. per- 
taining to a bicentenary. 

bicentennial ( bi-sen-ten'i-al ) , adj. 
comprising two hundred years : n. 
the two hundredth anniversary of 
an event, or its celebration. 

bicephalous (bi-sef'a-lus), adj. hav- 
ing two heads. 

biceps (bi'seps), n. a muscle having 
two heads ; the large flexor muscle 
of the arm and thigh. 

bichloride (bi-klo'rid or ('rid), n. a 
compound of two or more atoms of 
chlorine combined with a base. 



bicbord (bi'kSrd), adj. having two 

chords. 
bichromate (bi-kro'mat), n. a salt 
having two parts of chromic acid to 
one of the base. 

bicipital ( bi-sip'it-al ) or bicipi- 
tons (-us), adj. having two heads; 
pertaining to a biceps muscle; di- 
viding into two parts at either ex- 
tremity. 

bicker (bik'er), v.i. to engage in 
petty altercation ; move rapidly 
with a noise ; quiver ; flicker : n. a 
^noisy wrangle. 

biconcave (bi-kon'kav), adj. hollow 
on both sides. 

bicon jugate (bi-kon'ju-gat), adj, 
^twice paired. 

biconvex (bi-kon'veks), adj. rounded 
on both sides. 

bicorn (bi'korn) or bicornus ('us), 
adj. having two horns. 

bicorporal (bi-kor'po-ral) or bi- 
eorporate (-rat), adj. having two 
bodies. 

bicuspid (bi-kus'pid) or bicuspi- 
date (-at), adj. having two points 
or prominences : n. one of the 
double-pointed teeth forming the 
first pair of molars on either side 
^of the jaw, above and below. 

bicycle (bi'si-kl), n. a vehicular ma- 
chine of various forms, but consist- 
ing primarily of two wheels placed 
in line, connected -hj a fork and 
backbone, and supporting a saddle 
for the rider, the machine being 
propelled by means of treadles at- 
tached to cranks or levers : v.i. to 
ride on a bicycle. 

bicycling (bi'si-kling) , or bicy- 
clism (-klizm), n. the practice or 
art of riding a bicycle. (The abbre- 
viation cycling is now more gener- 
ally though less accurately used.) 

bicyclist (bi'sik-list), n. one who 
rides a bicycle ; a cyclist. 

bid (bid), v.t. [p.t. bade (bad) or 
bid, p.p. bidden, bid, p.pr. bidding], 
to make an offer of ; propose as a 
price ; offer for ; invite ; request ; 
ask ; offer or express by words ; 
command ; order or direct ; enjoin ; 
to proclaim : v.i. to make an offer ; 
offer a price : n. an offer of a price ; 
a price offered at auction. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, Wien. 



bid 



11^ 



feia 



biddable (bid'a-bl), adj. docile, 
obedient. 

bidder (bid'er), n. one who bids or 
offers a price, as at a sale or auc- 
tion. 

biddery-ware (bid'er-i-war), n. in- 
laid work made from a metallic 
alloy. Called also bidhri-ware. 

bidding (bid'ing), n. an order; com- 
mand ; proclamation ; the act of 
offering a price at auction. 

biddy (bid'i), n. a fowl or chicken. 

bide (bid), vA. [p.t. & p.p. bode, 
bided, p.pr. biding] , inhabit ; reside : 
v.t. to endure ; suffer ; wait for. 

bident (bi'dent), n. a two-pronged 
instrument. 

bidental (bi-den'tal) or bidentate 
('tat), adj. having two teeth, or 
two tooth-like processes. 

bidet (bi-def, French be-da'), n. a 
form of night commode ; a portable 
bath ; a sitz bath. 

bidh.ri-'ware. See biddery-ware. 

biennial ( bi-en'ni-al ) , adj. happen- 
ing once in two years ; continuing 
or existing for two years, as plants : 
n. SL plant which produces roots and 
leaves in the first year, and in the 
second flowers, fruit, and seed, aft- 
erwards perishing; something which 
is held once in two years. 

biennially (-li), adv. once in two 
years. 

bier (ber), n. a frame or carriage on 
which a corpse is placed, or con- 
veyed to the grave; a tomb. 

bifacial (bi-fa'-shi-al), adj. having 
two similar faces or the opposite 
surfaces alike. 

bifarious (bi-fa'ri-us), adj. two- 
fold; two-rowed; pointing in two 
ways. 

biferous (bif'er-us), adj. bearing 
flowers or fruit twice a year. 

bifid (bi'fid), adj. partially divided 
into two. 

bifilar (bl-firar), adj. two-threaded; 
fitted with two threads. 

bifocal (bi-fo'kal), adj. having two 
foci. 

bifold (bi'fold), adj. two-fold; dou- 
ble. 

bifoliate (bi-fo'li-at), adj. having 
two leaves. 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, *7ien. 



bifurcate (bi-fer'kat), v.i. to divide 
in two directions or branches. 

bifurcate (bi-fer'kat) or bifur* 
cated (-ed), adj. divided into two 
branches. 

bifurcation (bi-fer-ka'shun), n. a 
forking or division into two 
branches. 

big (big), adj, compar. bigger, su- 
perl, biggest], of great bulk or mag- 
nitude ; grown up ; pregnant ; full 
of something important ; full ; in- 
flated ; pompous. 

big game (big' gam), n. a hunter's 
name for large animals. 

bighorn (big'horn), n. the wild sheep 
of the Rocky Mountains. 

big-wig (big'wig), n. an important 
person ; great official importance. 

biga (bi'ga), n. a two-horse chariot. 

bigamist (big'a-mist), n. one guilty 
of bigamy. 

bigamous (big'a-mus), adj. pertain- 
ing to and involving bigamy. 

bigamy (big'a-mi), n. the offense of 
contracting a second marriage dur* 
ing the existence of a former mar- 
riage. 

bigbt (bit), n. a loop or bend of a 
rope, in distinction from the ends ; 
a bend in a coast-line forming an 
open bay; a small bay between two 
headlands. 

Bignonia (big-no'ni-a), n. a large 
genus of American tropical climb- 
ing plants, to which the trumpet- 
creeper belongs. 

bigot (big'ot), n. one who is unrea- 
sonably and blindly attached to a 
particular creed, church, or party; 
one who is intolerant of opinions 
which differ from his own. 

bigoted (big'ot-ed), adj. character- 
ized by bigotry. 

bigotry (big'ot-ri), n, [pi. bigotries 
(-riz)], the state or condition of a I 
narrow-minded, intolerant person ; 
blind and obstinate attachment to a 
particular creed, party, or opinion; 
intolerance ; fanaticism. 

bijou (be-zho6'), n. [pi. bijoux 
(-zhooz)], a jewel; any small and 
elegantly finished article. 

bijouterie (be-zhoo'tre), n. jewelry 
or other small articles of vertu. 



1>ik 



115 



bU 



hike (bik), n, a bicycle: v.i. to ride 
a bicycle. 

bilabiate (bi-la'bi-at), adj. having 
two lips. 

bilander (bil'an- & bi'lan-der), n. a 
small two-masted Dutch vessel of 
the hoy class. 

bilateral (bi-lat'er-al), adj. per- 
taining to, or having two sides. 
.bilaterally (-li), adv. in a two- 
sided manner ; on both sides. 

bilberry (bil'ber-ri), n. [pi. bilber- 
ries (-riz)], the whortleberry. 

bilbo (bil'bo), n. [pi. bilboes ('boz)], 
a rapier or sword ; pi. a long bar of 
iron with sliding shackles for the 
feet, and a lock at the end, for- 
merly used as fetters. 

bile (bil), n. a yellow bitter fluid 
secreted by the liver from venous 
blood ; ill-humor. 

bile-stone (-ston), n. a gall-stone. 

bilge (bilj), n. the bulging part of a 
cask ; the broadest part of a ship's 
bottom, on which the vessel rests 
when aground : v.i. to spring a leak 
by a fracture in the bilge : v.t. to 
stave, or break in, the bottom or 
bilge of a ship. 

bilge-board (-bord), n. one of the 
boards covering the timbers where 
the bilge-water accumulates. 

bilge-keel (-kel), n. a piece of tim- 
ber secured edgewise under the bot- 
tom of a vessel to prevent heavy 
rolling. 

bilge-water (-waw-ter), n. water 
which accumulates in the bilge of 
a ship. 

bilge-ways (-waz), n.pl. the timber 
supporting the cradle of a vessel, 
which upholds it while being built, 
and in launching. 

biliary (bil'i-a-ri), adj. pertaining to 
the bile ; conveying the bile. 

bilin (bi'lin), n. a yellow gummy 
substance precipitated from bile. 

bilingual (bi'ling'gwal), adj. writ- 
ten or expressed in two languages. 

bilingually (-li), adv. in two lan- 
guages. 

bilious (bil'yus), adj. pertaining to 
the bile ; having the system disor- 
dered by derangement of the biliary 
function ; choleric. 



biliousness (-nes), n. the state of 
being bilious. 

biliteral (bi-lit'er-al), adj. consist- 
ing of two letters : n. a word, root, 
or syllable consisting of two letters. 

bilk (bilk), v.t. to spoil the score ot 
an opponent at cribbage; deceive 
or defraud, as by evading a pay- 
ment ; leave in the lurch : n. the 
act of spoiling the score of an oppo- 
nent at cribbage ; a swindler. 

bill (bil), n. the beak of a bird; v.i. 
to join bills, as doves ; caress in 
fondness ; to issue bills or posters. 

bill (bil), n. a kind of hatchet with 
a blade hook-shaped toward the 
point, used in pruning, &c. ; a bat- 
tle-axe, attached to a long staff, 
formerly used by infantry ; the ex- 
tremity of the fluke of an anchor. 

bill (bil), n. an account for goods 
sold, services rendered, or work 
done; a document binding the 
signer or signers to pay a specified 
sum at a certain date or on de- 
mand ; a draft of a proposed statute 
presented to a legislature ; a printed 
advertisement ; any written paper 
containing a statement of particu- 
lars ; a written declaration of wrong 
or injury sustained or committed. 

bill-broker (bil'bro-ker), n. one 
who negotiates the discount of bills 
of exchange. 

bill of entry (en'tri), n. a written 
account of goods entered at the cus- 
tom house. 

bill of exchange (eks-chanj'), n. a 
written order from one person or 
house (the drawer) to another (the 
acceptor) to pay to the person des- 
ignated a certain sum at a fixed 
time, in consideration of value re- 
ceived. 

bill of health (-helth), n. a certifi- 
cate given to the master of a vessel, 
under the signature -of a ©onsul or 
other authority, specifying the state 
of the health of a ship's company 
or passengers at the time of her 
clearing a port. 

bill of lading (la'ding), n. a docu- 
ment specifying the goods shipped 
on board a vessel, and signed by the 
master of such ship, acknowledging 
the receipt of the goods, and under- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



booDf 



bil 



116 



Un 



taking their safe conveyal to the 
consignee, unforeseen perils being 
only excepted. 

bill of mortality (m6r-tari-ti), n. 
the official return of the deaths 
(also births) occurring in a par- 
ticular district within a certain 
period. 

till of sale (sal), n. a formal in- 
strument for the transfer of goods 
and chattels. 

billet (bil'et), n. a small paper in 
writing ; a note or short letter ; 
ticket directing soldiers at what 
house to lodge ; a soldier's lodging : 
v.t. to quarter or lodge, as soldiers : 
v.i. to be quartered or lodged. 

billet (bil'et), n. a small stick or log 
of wood, as for fuel ; an ornament 
in Norman work, resembling a bil- 
let of wood. 

billet-doux (bil-le-doo'), n» [pi. 
billets-doux (bil-le-doo')], a love- 
letter. 

bill-liook (bil'hook), w. a small kind 
of hatchet with a hooked point. 

billiards (bil'yerdz), n. a game 
plaved on a rectangular, cloth-cov- 
ered slate table, 12 ft. x 6 ft. in 
size, with ivory balls and a cue. 
(The sing, form IjilUard is used 
always in composition.) 

billingsgate (bil'ingz-gat), n. coarse 
or profane language ; virulent abuse. 

billion (bil'yun), n. in the United 
States one thousand millions (1,- 
000,000,000) ; in England a million 
millions (1,000,000,000,000). 

billon (bil'on), n. an alloy of gold 
and silver, with a large proportion 
of copper or other base metal, used 
in coinage of low value. 

billot (bil'ot), n. bullion in the mass 
or bar. 

billow (bil'o), n. a great wave of 
the sea swelled by the wind : v.i. 
to rise and roll in large waves or 
surges. 

billy-goat (bil'i-got), n. a male goat. 

bilobate (bi-lo'bat), or bil«bed 
('lobd), adj. divided into two lobes 
or segments. 

bimanons (bi'ma-nus), adj. having 
two hands. 

Iiimetallic (bi-me-tal'ik), adj. per- 



taining to two metals ; pertaining to 
bimetallism. 

bimetallism (bi-met'al-izm), n. the 
legalized adoption of two metals (as 
gold and silver) in the currency of 
a country, at a fixed ratio. 

bimetallist (bi-met'al-ist), n, an ad- 
vocate for the use of a double 
metallic standard. 

bimonthly (bl-munth'li), adj. oc- 
curring once in two months. [Some- 
times incorrectly employed to desig- 
nate semi-montlily periodicals.] 

bin (bin), n a receptacle for any 
commodity, as corn, coal, &c. ; a 
frame for bottles in a wine-cellar. 

binary (bi'na-ri), adj. consisting of 
two things or parts ; twofold. 

binary star (star), n. a double star 
or sun whose members revolve round 
their common center of gravity. 

binate (bi'nat), adj. growing in 
couples. 

bind (bind), v.t. ]_p.t. & p.p. bound; 
p.pr. binding], to confine or make 
fast with a cord or band ; confine 
or restrain by physical force ; unite 
by bonds of affection, loyalty, or 
duty ; hold by any moral tie ; hinder 
or restrain ; protect or strengthen 
by a band, border or cover ; fasten 
together ; cause to cohere ; place 
under legal obligation : v.i. to tie 
up ; confine by ligature or band ; 
be obligatory ; grow hard or stiff ; 
stick together : n. anything which 
binds or ties ; a twining stem ; a 
stalk of hops ; indurated clay or 
shale forming the roof of a coal- 
seam ; a musical sign or brace 
grouping notes together. 

bind- weed (-wed), n. a common 
name for plants belonging to the 
genus Convolvulus. 

binding (bind'ing), n. the act of 
making fast ; a bandage ; the cover 
of a book; something that secures 
the edges of cloth. 

bine (bin), n. the slender stem of a 
twining plant. 

bing (bing), n. a heap or pile of any- 
thing. 

binnacle (bin'a-kl), n. a turret- 
shaped box containing a ship's corn- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; bodOi 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 




BIRDS OF PARADISE 
1. Most beautiful type. — 2. Six-threaded or Golden. — 3. King 



bin 



117 



Tjir 



l>inocle (bin'o-kl or bi'no-kl), w. a 
field or opera glass with two eye- 
tubes for the use of both eyes at 
once. 

binocular (bi-nok- or bin-ok'u-ler), 
adj. having two eyes ; pertaining to, 
or suited to, the use of both eyes. 
^Also binoculate. 

binomial (bi-no'mi-al), n. an expres- 
sion or quantity consisting of two 
terms connected by the sign plus 
( + ) or minus ( — ) : adj. consist- 
ing of two terms ; pertaining to bi- 
nomials ; having two names. 

binomial theorem (the'6-rem), n. 
the celebrated theorem of Sir Isaac 
Newton, which expresses the law of 
formation of any power of a bino- 
mial. 

liinoxide. Same as dioxide. 

bioblast. Another name for bio- 
plast. 

biodynamics (bI-6-di-nam'iks), n. 
the doctrine of vital force or energy. 

biogenesis (bi-o-jen'e-sis), or biog- 
eny (-oj'e-ni), n. the doctrine that 
living organisms can proceed only 
from, or be generated by, living 
parents or germs ; the science of 
life development. 

biograph. (bi'o-graf), n. a device for 
projecting animated pictures onto a 
screen, 

biographer (bi-og'ra-fer), n. one 
who writes the history of a particu- 
lar person's life. 

biograpbically ( bi-o-graf 'i-kal-li ) , 
adv. in the manner of a life history. 

biography (bl-og'ra-fi), n. [pi. biog- 
raphies (-fiz)], the history of the 
life of a particular person ; bio- 
graphical writings in general. 

biologic (bi-o-loj'ik), or biological 
(-al), adj. pertaining to the science 
of life. 

biologically (-li), adv. in accord- 
^ance with the principles of biology. 

biologist (bi-ol'o-jist), n. one who 
studies, or is skilled in, the science 
of living forms. 

biology (bl-ol'-o-ji), n. the science 
which deals with the origin and life- 
history of plants and animals. 

bioplasm (bi'6-plazm), n. living 
germinal matter or protoplasm. j 

bioplast (bi'o-plast), n. a minute 



mass of protoplasm possessing 
formative powers. 
biotaxy (bi'o-tak-si), n. the classifi- 
cation of living organisms according 
to their structural characters. 
biparous (bip'a-rus), adj. bringing 

forth two at a birth. 
bipartite (bl-par'tit), adj. divided 
into two similar parts ; having two 
correspondent parts. 
bipartition (bi-piir-tish'un), n. the 
act of dividing into two parts ; the 
state of being so divided. 
biped (bi'ped), adj. having two feet: 

n. a two-footed animal, 
bipedal (bi'ped-al), adj. pertaining 

to a biped ; two-footed. 

bipennate (bi-pen'nat), or bipen- 

nated (-ed), adj. having two wings. 

biplane (bi'plan), n. an aeropltuie 

with two planes or sustaining t ur- 

faces, as in the Wright or Farman 

machines. 

biplicate (bi'pli-kat), adj. doubly 

^foIded. 
biq[uadrate (bi-kwod'rat), or bi- 
quadratic (-rat'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to the fourth power : n. the 
fourth power, arising from the mul- 
tiplication of a square number or 
quantity by itself. 
birch (berch), n. [pi. birches ('ez)], 
a tree or shrub belonging to the 
genus Betula ; a rod formed of birch 
twigs used for punishment ; a birch- 
bark canoe : adj. birchen : v.t. to 
chastise with a birch rod ; flog. 
bird (berd), n. a warm-blooded 
feathered vertebrate, furnished with 
wings, and belonging to the class 
Aves ; small feathered game, as dis- 
tinguished from water-fowl : v.i. to 
shoot or catch birds. 
birdlime (berd'llm), n. a viscous 
substance prepared from holly-bark, 
and used for entangling small birds 
in bird-snaring : v.t. to smear with 
birdlime. 
bird's-eye (berdz'i), adj. seen from 
above, or at a glance, as by a flying 
bird; hence, general, not minute or 
detailed. 
biretta (be-ret'ta), n. a square ec- 
clesiastical cap. Also birretta, be- 
retta, berretta. 



ate, arm, 



:, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



bir 



118 



bit 



birn (bern), n. that part of a clario- 
net or a similar instrument into 
which the mouthpiece fits. 

"birostrate (bi-ros'trat), adj. having 
a double beak, or beak-like process. 

birth (berth), n. the act of coming 
into life ; the fact of being born ; 
the act of bringing forth ; lineage ; 
extraction ; descent ; origin ; begin- 
^ning. 

birth-rate ('rat), n. the increase of 
population as shown by the percent- 
age of registered births to the num- 
ber of inhabitants in a district 
within a specified period. 

birth-right ('rit), n. any right or 
privilege to which a person is en- 
titled by birth ; the right of the first 
born. 

biscuit (bis'kit), n. sl kind of un- 
raised bread, baked hard and drj', 
and shaped in flat cakes ; pottery 
after the first baking and previous 
to glazing and burning. 

bisect^ (bi-sekt'), v.t. to cut or di- 
vide into two equal parts. 

bisection (bi-sek'shun), n. division 
into two equal parts. 

bisector (bi-sek'ter), n. one who, or 
that which, bisects ; a straight line 
which bisects an angle. 

bisexual (bi-seks'u-al), adj. combin- 
ing the organs of both sexes in one 
individual ; hermaphrodite. 

b'shop (bish'up), n. one of the high- 
est orders of an Episcopal Church ; 
below in rank to an archbishop, but 
above a priest ; a spiritual overseer ; 
the spiritual head or ruler of a \ 
diocese, having the power of ordina- 
tion, confirmation, and consecra- 
tion ; the name of one of the pieces 
used in playing chess, having _ the 
top cleft in resemblance to a miter, 
originally called archer; a beverage 
composed of wine, oranges, lemons, 
and sugar ; a woman's dress-im- 
prover ; a kind of pinafore : v.t. [p.t. 
& p.p. -ed, p.pr. -ing], to make a 
horse appear younger by manipulat- 
ing its teeth, and hence to deceive 
by improving the appearance of any- 
^thing. 

bishop's sleeve (bish'ups-slev), n. 
a wide sleeve worn by women, so 



j called from its resemblance to that 
worn by Anglican bishops. 

bishop's staff (bish'ups-staf), n. a 
crosier. 

bishopric (bish'up-rik), n. the of- 
fice, dignity or jurisdiction of a 
bishop ; a diocese. 

bisk or bisque (bisk), n. soup or 
broth composed of several kinds of 
meat or fish boiled together ; craw- 
fish soup ; a stroke allowed to an 
inferior player or side at lawn- 
tennis. 

bismuth (bis'- or biz'muth), n. one 
of the elements, a light reddish- 
^colored metal of brittle texture. 

bison (bi'son), n. the aurochs, or 
European bison, still preserved in 
Lithuania ; the American bison, in- 
accurately termed the buffalo, which 
is now practically extinct. 

bisque (bisk), n. an unglazed white 
porcelain, used for statuettes, &c. 

bissextile ^ (bis-seks'til), n. leap- 
-year : adj. pertaining to leap-year. 

bister (bis'ter), n. a dark brown 
pigment extracted from wood-soot. 

bisulphate (bi-sul'fat), n. a salt of 
sulphuric acid in which half of its 
hydrogen is replaced by a positive 
element. 

bisulphite (bi-sul'fit), n. a salt of 
sulphurous acid, half the hydrogen 
of which is replaced by the base. 

bisymmetry (bi-sim'e-tri), n. corre- 
spondence of the right and left parts 
of anything. 

bit (bit), p.t. & p.p. of bite. 

bit (bit), ii. a tool for boring; the 
metal mouthpiece of a bridle ; the 
part of a, key which enters the lock 
and acts on the bolts and tumblers ; 
the cutting blade of a plane ; a 
small piece or fragment of any- 
thing ; any small coin : v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. bitted; p.pr. bitting], to put a 
bridle upon ; put the bit in the 
mouth of. 

bitch (bich), n. the female of the 
dog, or of other canine animals. 

bite (bit), v.t. [p.t. bit, p.p. bitten, 
bit, p.pr. biting], to seize, grip, cut, 
or crush with the teeth ; sting, as an 
insect ; cause smarting pain to ; cut ; 
pinch, as with intense cold ; blight 
or blast ; take fast hold on ; to cor- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



Mt 



119 



bla 



rode or eat into ; to cheat, trick, take 
in [now only in p.p.] : v.i. to have 
the habit or exercise the power of 
biting ; inflict injury with the teeth ; 
cause to sting or smart ; take a bait ; 
take a firm hold : n. the act of 
seizing with the teeth ; a wound 
made by the teeth, or by a sting ; 
a mouthful ; a hold or grip ; in print- 
ing, a blank on a page due to some 
intervening substance between the 
paper and the type. 

bi-telephoxLe (bi-tere-fon), n. a pair 
of telephones arranged so that they 
can be applied simultaneously to 
both ears. 

bitingly (-li), adv. in a sarcastic 
manner. 

bitt (bit), n. a post of wood or iron 
to which cables are made fast [gen- 
erally used in the pi.} : v.t. to put 
round the bitts. 

bitten, p.p. of bite. 

bitter (hit'er) , adj. having a sharp 
or harsh taste ; acrid ; piercing ; 
painful ; grievous ; poignant ; severe ; 
reproachful ; caustic ; sarcastic ; 
cruel : n. any substance that is bit- 
ter. 

bitter- cup (-kup), n. a cup made of 

. quassia wood, which imparts a bit- 
ter taste to liquids poured into it. 

bitter-sweet (bit'er-swet), n. the 
woody nightshade, the roots and 
leaves of which when chewed pro- 
duce first a bitter, then a sweet 
taste. 

bitterisb (-ish), adj. somewhat bit- 
ter. 

bittern (bit'ern), n. a wading bird 
of the heron family ; the residual 
brine in salt works from which 
Epsom salt is prepared. 

bitters (bit'ers), n.pl. liquor in 
which herbs or roots are steeped. 

bitumen (bi-tii'men), n. mineral 
pitch. 

bituminous (bi-tu'min-us), adj. hav- 
ing the qualities of, or containing, 
bitumen. 

bivalent (bi'va- or biv'a-lent), n. slji 
element, one of the atoms of which 
can replace two atoms of hydrogen. 

bivalve (bi'valv), adj. having two 
valves or shells united by a liga- 



ment : n. a mollusk whose shell is 
composed of two parts or valves, 
connected by a ligament or hinge, 
which are opened or closed by 
muscles, as the oyster or mussel. 

bivouac (biv'oo-ak), n. an encamp- 
ment of soldiers in the open air, 
without tents : hence, any open air 
encampment : v.i. to encamp with- 
out tents in the open. 

biwa (be'wa), n. a Japanese musical 
instrument similar to the mandolin. 

biweekly _(bi-wek'li), adj. occurring 
or appearing every two weeks ; fort- 
nightly [frequently confused with 
semi-weekly = twice in a week]. 

bizarre (bi-zar',) adj. odd in manner 
or appearance ; fanciful ; grotesque. 

blab (blab), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. blabbed, 
p.pr. blabbing], to tell thoughtless- 
ly : v.i. to talk indiscreetly ; tell 
tales : n. one who lets out secrets, 
or tells tales. 

black (blak), adj. destitute of light; 
of the darkest hue ; opposed to 
white ; enveloped in darkness ; dis- 
mal ; gloomy or forbidding ; desti- 
tute of moral light or goodness ; 
atrocious ; evil ; calamitous ; threat- 
ening ; clouded with anger ; sullen : 
n. the darkest color ; the opposite of 
white ; a black pigment or dye ; a 
negro ; mourning : v.t. to make 
black ; blacken . apply blacking to. 

blackamoor (biak'a-moor), n. a. 
negro. 

black antimony (an'-ti-mo-ni), n. 
the black sulphide of antimony. 

black art, necromancy, magic. 

blackball (blak'bawl), v.t. to reject 
or exclude (as a candidate) by 
placing black balls in the ballot 
box. 

blackberry (blak'ber-ri), n. the 
fruit of several species of bramble. 

blackbird (blak'berd), n. an English 
song bird, a species of thrush. 
Called also merle, ousel, or black 
thrush ; a crow-like bird of North 
America ; a name given to a kid- 
napped negro or Polynesian. 

blackbirding (-ing), n. the kidnap- 
ping of such negroes or Polyne- 
sians. 

black-canker (blak'-kangk-er), n. 
a disease in root crops. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



bla 



120 



bla 



black-cap (blak'-kap), n. the popu- 
lar name of several black-crested 
birds ; the cap worn by a judge 
when pronouncing sentence of 
death ; the black raspberry. 

black-cattle (blak'-kat'l), n.pl. cat- 
tle raised for slaughter, irrespective 
of color. 

black-cock (blak'-kok), n. the male 
of the European black grouse or 
black game ; the heath-cock. 

black-currant (blak'kur-ent), n. 
the well-known garden bush, and 
its fruit. 

blacken (blak'n), v.i. to grow black 
or dark : v.t. to make black ; de- 
fame ; asperse. 

black-fisk (blak'-fish), n. a female 
salmon immediately after spawn- 
ing ; a common name for several 
species of English and American 
fish. 

black-flag (blak'-flag), n. the flag 
of a pirate with a skull and cross- 
bones emblazoned upon it. 

black-fly (blak'-fll), n. a black 
plant-louse ; a minute beetle inju- 
rious to turnips. 

black-friar (blak'-fri-ar), n, a friar 
of the Dominican order ; so called 
from the black gown adopted by 
members of the order. 

blackguard (blag'ard), n. a man of 
low character, and addicted to the 
use of foul or abusive language ; a 
scoundrel : adj. vicious ; low ; vile ; 
scurrilous ; abusive : v.t. to revile in 
scurrilous language. 

blackguardism (blag'ard-izm), n. 
the conduct or language of a black- 
guard. 

black-bole (blak'-hol), n. a dun- 
geon or dark cell in a prison ; a 
place of confinement for soldiers. 

blacking (blak'ing), n. a prepara- 
tion for imparting a shining black 
polish to boots. 

blackisb (blak'ish), adj. somewhat 
black. 

black-jack (blak'-jak), n. a large 
leathern vessel or drinking-cup of 
old times ; the ensign of a pirate ; 
a Cornish mining term for blende. 

blacklead (blak'led), v.t.. to cover 
with blacklead or plumbago: n. 
plumbago. 



black-leg (blak'-leg), n. one who 
endeavors to obtain money by cheat- 
ing at races or cards ; a rook ; an 
opprobrious term for a workman 
who is not a member of any trade 
union ; a disease affecting sheep and 
cattle. 

black-letter (blak'-let-er), n, the 
old English or Gothic letter em- 
ployed in the early manuscripts and 
the first printed books : adj. writ- 
ten or printed in black-letter. 

black-list (blak'list), n. a list of 
persons who are deemed to be de- 
serving of punishment, or whom it 
is desirable to exclude from busi- 
ness transactions : v.t. to put in a 
black-list. 

blackmail (blak'mal), w. a tax an- 
ciently paid in money, corn, or cat- 
tle, in the north of England, and in 
Scotland, to the agents of robbers, 
to secure protection from pillage ; 
hence extortion by means of intimi- 
dation : v.t. to extort money or 
goods from by intimidation of any 
kind. 

blacksmitb (blak'smith), n. a smith 
who works in iron and makes iron 
utensils, horse-shoes, &c. 

blackthorn (blak'thorn), n. the 
sloe ; a stick cut from the stem of 
the sloe. 

bladder (blad'er), n. a thin elastic 
membranous bag in animals, in 
which a fluid is collected ; any ves- 
icle, blister, or pustule containing 
fluid or air ; a hollow membranous 
appendage to some plants : v.t. put 
up in a bladder, as lard. 

bladdery (blad'er-i), adj. resembling 
or containing bladders. 

blade (blad), n. the leaf of a grass; 
the young stalk or spire of a grass ; 
the broad expanded part of a leaf ; 
the cutting part of an instrument; 
the broad part of an oar ; anything 
resembling a blade ; a dashing, reck- 
less, rollicking fellow: v.t. to fur- 
nish with a blade: v.i. put forth 
blades. 

blade-bone (blad'bon), n. the scap- 
ula or shoulder-blade. 

blain (blan), n. a pustule or blister. 

blamable or blameable (blam'a- 
bl ) , adj. deserving of censure. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



bla 



121 



bla 



I 



blamably (-bli), adv. in aculpable 
manner. 

blame (blam), v.t. to censure; re- 
proach : n. an imputation of a fault ; 
censure; responsibility for anything 
wrong. 

blameful (blam'fool), adj. meriting 
blame. 

blamefully (-li), adv. in a censur- 
able manner. 

blanch (blanch), v.t. to take the 
color out ; make lustrous ; to remove 
the covering of : v.i. become white ; 
turn pale; n. lead ore found sepa- 
rate in the rock. 

blanc-mange (bla-monzh'), n. a 
white jelly, composed of isinglass, &c. 

bland (bland), adj. mild: soft; gen- 
tle ; affable ; soothing. 

blandishment (blan'dish-ment), n. 
winning expressions or actions ; art- 
ful caresses. 

blank (blangk), adj. confounded; 
confused ; dejected ; empty ; free 
from writing or printing ; without 
result ; absolute ; complete : n. any 
void space ; an unfilled space in a 
written or printed document ; a lot- 
tery ticket to which no prize is at- 
tached; a disk of metal prior to 
stamping ; the white spot in the 
center of a target : v.t. a euphemis- 
tic form of the oath damn. 

blank verse (vers), n. unrhymed 
verse. 

blanket (blang'ket), n. a soft, loose- 
ly woven woolen cloth for a bed or 
as a covering : v.t, to toss in a 
blanket by way of punishment or 
joke ; pass to windward to take the 
wind out of the sails of. 

blanketing (blang'ket-ing), n. 
coarse cloth for blankets ; the act of 
tossing in a blanket. 

blare (blar), v.i. to bellow; to give 
forth a loud sound like a trumpet : 
v.t. to sound loudly ; trumpet forth : 
n. a noise like the blast of a trum- 
pet. 

blarney (blar'ni), n. soft, wheedling 
speech ; flattery : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
blarneyed; p.pr. blarneying], to in- 
fluence or talk over by soft whee- 
dling speeches ; humbug with flat- 
tery. 



blarney-stone, a stone in the wall 
of Blarney Castle, Cork, on kissing 
which a person is said to become an 
adept in flattery. 

blase (bla-za'), adj. exhausted by 
excess of pleasure. 

blaspheme (blas-fem'), v.t. to speak 
irreverently of ; mock ; revile : v.i. to 
utter blasphemy ; use profane lan- 
guage. 

blasphemous (blas'fe-mus), adj. 
uttering, containing, or exhibiting 
blasphemy ; profane. 

blasphemy (blas'fe-mi), n. [pi. blas- 
phemies (-miz)], impious, profane, 
or mocking speech concerning God 
or sacred things ; expressed con- 
tempt or contumely for the person- 
ality or authority of God. 

blast (blast), n. a violent or sudden 
gust of wind ; a forcible stream of 
air from an orifice ; the sound pro- 
duced by blowing a wind instru- 
ment ; any sudden pernicious in- 
fluence upon plants or animals; a 
blight ; the explosion of gunpowder, 
dynamite, &c., in i-ending or remov- 
ing rocks, or the charge so used ; a 
flatulent disease in sheep : v.t. to in- 
jure ; cause to fade or wither by 
some pernicious influence ; blight ; 
ruin or destroy ; to rend or shatter 
by any explosive agent. 

blastema (blas-te'ma), n. [pi. bias- 
temata (-ma-ta)], the point of 
growth of an organ as yet unformed, 
from which it is developed. 

blastoderm (blas'to-derm), n. the 
germinal spot in an ovum, from 
which the embryo is developed. 

blastogenesis (blas-to-jeu'e-sis), n. 
reproduction by gemmation or bud- 
ding. 

blatant (bla'tant), adj. bawling; 
noisy. 

blather (bla^/i'er), n. foolish chatter. 

blaze (blaz), n. a body of flame ; bril- 
liant sunlight ; a sudden bursting 
out ; active display ; a white spot on 
the face of a horse or other quad- 
ruped : a white mark cut on a tree, 
to serve as a guide : v.t. to mark, as 
trees, by removing a portion of the 
bark ; to indicate, as a path or 
boundary, by blazing trees ; publish 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



Dla 



122 



bli 



widely : v.i. to flame ; send forth a 
brilliant light ; be conspicuous. 

"blazer (blaz'er), n. that which 
shines; a bright colored striped 
jacket. 

blazon (bla'zn), n. a coat of arms; 
a description of armorial bearings ; 
ostentatious display : v.t. to ex- 
plain technically, according to 
heraldic rules ; embellish ; display ; 
proclaim boastingly. 

blazonment (bla'zn-ment), n. the 
act of blazoning. 

blazonry (bla'zn-ri), n. a heraldic 
device ; the art of describing and 
explaining coats of arms; decora- 
tion, as with heraldic devices. 

bleacb. (blech), v.t. to make white 
by removing color or dirt by the 
action of the sun's rays, or by a 
chemical process : v.i. to grow or 
become white. 

lleachery (blech'er-i) , n. [pi. bleach- 
eries (-iz) ], a place where bleaching 
is carried on. 

bleacliing-pow^dei? (-poud'er), n. 
chloride of lime. ^ 

bleak (blek), adj. exposed to wind 
and cold ; desolate ; unsheltered ; 
cheerless ; piercing. 

bleak (blek), n. a small river fish, 
remarkable for its brilliant silvery 
scales. 

blear (bier), adj. sore or dim from 
a watery discharge : said of the 
eyes : v.t. to make sore or watery, 
as the eyes ; to dim or obscure. 

bleat (blet), v.i. to cry as, or like, a 
sheep : n. a cry, as of a sheep. 

bleb (bleb), n. a blister; a pustule; 
a bubble._ 

bleed (bled), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. bled, 
p.pr. bleeding], to emit, or lose 
blood ; to shed one's blood ; to lose 
sap or juice ; to pay or lose money 
freely : v.t. to take blood from ; take 
money, &c., from. 

blemisk (blem'ish), v.t. to injure; 
stain ; mar ; tarnish ; defame : n. 
any defect or deformity, physical or 
moral ; a blemish. 

blench (blench), v.i. to start back; 
flinch ; quail. 

blend (blend), v.t. to mix together, 
so that the things mixed cannot be 
separated or individually distin- 



guished : v.i. to mingle ; shade im- 
perceptibly into each other : n. a 
mixture, as of colors, liquids, tobac- 
cos, teas, &c. ; a shading of one 
color, &c., into another. 

blende (blend), n. native sulphide of 
zinc. 

bless (bles), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. -ed & 
blest, p.pr. -ing], to consecrate: in- 
voke a blessing upon ; bestow happi- 
ness upon ; praise or extol ; esteem 
happy. 

blessedness (bles'ed-nes), n. the 
state of being blessed; happiness; 
heavenly joys. 

blessing (bles'ing), n. an invocation 
of happiness on another ; a benedic- 
tion ; that which promotes prosper- 
ity ; a divine benefit or gift ; a mercy 
or boon ; grateful adoration. 

blest p.t., p.p. & p.adj. sl contracted 
form of blessed. 

blet (blet), n. a decayed spot in 
fruit: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. bletted, p.pr. 
bletting], to become internally de- 
cayed. 

blew, p.t. of blow. 

blewits (bloo'its), n. the edible pur- 
ple mushroom. 

blight (blit), n. a disease in plants, 
which causes them to wither partly 
or^ wholly ; smut ; mildew ; any- 
thing which serves to check, nip, or 
destroy : v.t. to affect with blight ; 
to check, nip, destroy, or frustrate. 

blind (blind), adj. destitute of the 
sense of sight ; without light, moral- 
ly or ^ intellectually ; undiscriminat- 
ing ; inconsiderate ; hidden ; essen- 
tially incomplete ; closed at one end ; 
without understanding : n. anything 
which serves to hinder or obstruct 
vision, or intercept the passage of 
light ; a window-screen ; a blinker ; 
something to mislead the eye or the 
understanding : v.t. to deprive of 
sight ; make blind, intellectually or 
morally ; obscure ; conceal. 

blind-coal (kol), n. a flameless an- 
thracite. 

blind-fish (blind'fish), n. a diminu- 
tive fish of pale color, with rudi- 
mentary eyes, inhabiting the waters 
of Mammoth Cave, Kentucky. 



ate, arm, §.sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, *7ien. 



bU 



1255 



Mo 



blind sliell (blind'shel), n. a shell 
which falls without exploding, or 
contains no charge. 

blind spot (blind'spot), n. that 
point in the retina where the optic 
nerve enters the eye, but is not sen- 
sitive to the light. 

blindness (-nes), n. want of sight; 
want of discernment ; ignorance ; 
heedlessness. 

I blindfold (bllnd'fold), adj. having 
the eyes covered so as to be unable 
to see ; having the mental eye or 
understanding darkened : v.t. to 
cover the eyes of, as with a bandage ; 
hinder from seeing. 

blindman (blind'man), n. [pi. blind- 
men (-men)], a man who is blind. 

blind worxa ( blind' werm), n. a small 
slender, limbness lizard, so named 
from the popular but erroneous sup- 
position that it was blind. Also 
called slow-worm. 

blink (blink), v.i. to wink with or 
as with the eye ; twinkle ; to get a 
glimpse ; glimmer : v.t. to evade or 
shut one's eyes to ; shirk : n. a 
glimpse or glance ; a gleam ; a glim- 
mer ; a twinkle ; the gleam reflected 
from an ice-field or -berg at sea : pi. 
boughs cast in the path of deer to 
check their course. 

blinker (bling'ker), n. one who 
blinks ; a leather flap placed one on 
each side of a horse's bridle to pre- 
vent him from seeing any object ex- 
cept in front ; that which obscures 
the sight or mental perception : pi. 
colored spectacles to shield the eyes 
from excess of light. 

1}liss (blis), n. the highest degree of 
happiness ; blessedness ; the perfect 
joy of heaven. 

blissfully (-li), adv. in a blissful 
manner. 

blister (blis'ter), n. a vesicle or pus- 
tule on the skin containing watery 
matter or serum ; an elevation made 
by the raising of an external film 
or skin ; an application to the skin 
to produce a blister : v.t. to raise 
a blister or blisters on : v.i. to rise 
in blisters, or become covered with 
blisters. 

blitke (bli*^), adj. gay; joyous; 
glad ; mirthful ; sprightly. 



blitbesome (blK^'sum), adj. gay; 
merry. 

blizzard (bliz'^rd), n. a furious hur- 
ricane of wind with fine blinding 
snow, and characterized by intense 
cold ; a poser. 

bloat (blot), v.t. to cure or dry in 
smoke. 

bloat (blot), v.t. to cause to swell; 
make turgid or swollen, as with 
water or air ; inflate ; make vain : 
v.i. to grow turgid. 

bloater (blot'er), n. a herring 
smoked and partially dried, but not 
split open. 

blob (blob), n. a blister; a bubble. 

block (blok), n. any unshaped solid 
mass of matter, as of wood, stone, 
&c. ; a piece of wood for supporting 
the neck of a person condemned 
to be decapitated ; a piece of hard 
wood prepared for the tool of the 
engraver ; the piece of hard wood 
to which an electrotype, &c., is se- 
cured ; a wooden mold for shapir.g 
hats; the piece of wood in which. 
the wheels of one or more grooved 
pvilleys run; a row of buildings; a 
square or portion of a city enclosed 
by streets; an obstruction; hin- 
drance ; shares bought or sold in the 
mass : v.i. to obstruct so as to hin- 
der the passage of persons or things ; 
stop up ; obstruct ; to secure or sup- 
port by blocks ; to mold or shape on 
a block ; to stop a train by signal ; 
to give notice of opposition to a bill, 
which cannot then be proceeded with 
after a specified time. 

block-kead (blok'hed), n. a stupid 
fellow. 

block-kouse (blok'hous), n. an edi 
fice constructed of heavy timber, 
and furnished with loopholes for 
musketry. 

block system (blok'sis-tem), n. a 
system of working railway trafiic 
by which the line is divided into 
short sections, nc train being al- 
lowed to leave a section until the 
next section is signaled clear. 

blockade (blok-ad'), n. the shutting 
up of a place, as a port, by hostile 
ships or troops, with a view to com- 
pelling a surrender by preventing 
ingress or egress, or the reception of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



-bio 



1-^rk 



blfr 



supplies : v.t. to surround and shut 
up ; obstruct ; block. 

blockage (blok'aj), n. an obstruc- 
tion. 

blond or blonde (blond), adj. of a 
fair color ; light colored : n. a per- 
son of very fair complexion and 
light hair (usually fem. blonde). 

bl«nde-Iace ('las), n. a silk lace. 

bl*ed (blud), n. the fluid which cir- 
culates in the arteries and veins of 
an animal ; the juice of anything, 
especially if red ; kinship ; consan- 
guinity ; lineage ; extraction ; high 
birth ; temper ; a man of high spirit ; 
fleshy nature ; blood shed in sacri- 
fice ; the atonement : v.t. to give a 
taste of blood ; inure to the sight of 
blood. 

blood-beat (blud'het), n. the nor- 
mal heat of the human blood in 
health (98° F.). 

blood-borse (blud'hSrs), n. a. horse 
of pure breed or pedigree. 

bloodhound (blud'hound), n. a 
breed of large dogs remarkable for 
their acuteness of smell, and em- 
ployed to track vi^ounded game, or, 
as formerly, fugitive slaves and es- 
caped criminals ; a blood-hunter. 

blood-money (blud'mun-i), n. mon- 
ey obtained at the cost of another's 
life ; the reward paid for discovery 
or capture of a murderer ; compen- 
sation paid to the next of kin of a 
person slain by another. 

bloodstone (blud'ston), n. a dark 
green variety of quartz spotted with 
red jasper ; heliotrope ; red hematite 
iron ore. 

blooded, adj. of the best stock or 
breed. 

bloodily (blud'i-li), adv. in a bloody 
manner ; relentlessly ; cruelly. 

bloodiness (-nes), n. the state of 
being bloody ; disposition to shed 
blood. 

bloody (blud'i), adj. pertaining to, 
containing, or resembling blood ; 
blood-stained ; cruel ; murderous ; at- 
tended with bloodshed ; a coarse in- 
tensive expletive. 

bloody-flux (blud'i-fluks'), n. dys- 
entery. 

bloom (bloom), n. a blossom; the 
flower of a plant ; the blossoming of 



flowers ; a state or period of health 
and growth, promising higher per- 
fection, or exhibiting freshness and 
beauty ; the blue color upon certain 
newly-gathered fruits; a flush; a 
glow; the powdery appearance on 
new coins, &c. ; a rough mass of 
iron from the puddling furnace, in- 
tended to be drawn out under the 
hammer or rolled into bars: v.i. to 
produce blossoms ; flower ; exhibit 
the freshness and beauty of youth; 
glow. 

bloomer (bloom'er), n. a costume 
for women sought to be introduced 
by a Mrs. Bloomer, of New York, 
in 1849-50, and consisting of a short 
skirt, loose trowsers, fastened round 
the ankle, and a broad-brimmed hat. 
[Also used as adj.]. 

bloomery (bloom'er-i), or bloom- 
ary ('a-ri), n. a forge in which 
wrought iron is made directly from 
the ore. 

blossom (blos'um), n. the flower of 
a plant ; the state of flowering ; 
bloom : v.i. to put forth blossoms ; 
flower ; flourish. 

blot (blot), n. a spot or stain; an ob- 
literation or erasure ; a blemish ; 
disgrace : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. blotted, 
p.pr. blotting], to spot or stain; 
mar ; stain with infamy ; cancel or 
efface [usually with out] ; dry with 
blotting-paper ; eclipse ; obscure. 

blotch (bloch), n. a large irregular 
spot ; a clumsy daub ; an eruption, 
or pustule : v.t. to mark or disfigure 
with irregular blots or spots. 

blotchy (bloeh'i), adj. having 
blotches. 

blottesque (blot-esk'), adj. coarsely 
delineated, or marred by a heavy 
touch or blots, 

blotty (blot'i), adj. full of blots. 

blouse (blouz), n. a light, loose over- 
garment ; a French workman : such 
artisans usually wearing a blue 
blouse. 

bloxr (bio), n. a mass of blossoms; 
the state or condition of flowering: 
v.i. [p.t. blew, p.p. blown, p.pr. 
blowing], to blossom; flower. 

blo-w (bio), n. a stroke with the hand 
or with a weapon; a knock; an act 



ate, arm, 



at, awl; me, merge, met; nlte, mit; note, nSrth, not; booD. 
book; hue, hut; think, ^Tien. 



UNITED STATES SEALS. 




Mississippi. 



UNITED STATES SEALS 




bio 



1215 



bla 



of hostility; a sudden shock or ca- 
lamity. 

blow (bio), v.i. [p J. blew, p.p. blown, 
p.pr. blowing], to form or make a 
current of air ; pant ; breathe quick- 
ly ; sound by being blown ; spout ' 
water ; boast : v.t. to drive a current 
of air upon ; impel by a current of 
air ; sound a wind instrument by 
forcing air through it ; clear by 
forcing air through ; form by infla- 
tion ; put out of breath by fatigue ; 
scatter or shatter by explosives ; 
spread by report ; deposit eggs in or 
upon : n. a blowing ; a blast ; a gale 
of wind ; an egg deposited by a fly ; 
the spouting of a whale. 

blow- fly (blo'fli), n. any species of 
fly which deposits its eggs upon 
flesh. ^ 

blow-pipe (bl6'plp),w. a long tube of 
cane or reed used by South Amer- 
ican Indians and the Dyaks of Bor- 
neo to discharge arrows by the force 
of the breath ; a tube through which 
a current of air or gas is driven 
upon a flame so as to concentrate its 
heat upon a substance to fuse it. 

blo-wy (blo'i), adj. windy; breezy. 

blowzed (blouzd') or blowzy (blou'- 
zi), adj. ruddy- f aced ; high-colored; 
coarse-complexioned, as by exposure 
to the weather. 

blubber (blub'er), v.i. to weep vio- 
lently, or so as to disfigure the face : 
v.t. to disfigure with weeping : n. the 
fat of whales and other cetaceans, 
from which train-oil is prepared ; a 
jelly-fish or medusa. 

blucber (blooch'er), n. a strong half- 
boot. 

bludgeon (bluj'un), n. a short heavy 
stick, sometimes loaded, used as a 
weapon. 

blue (blti), adj. of the color of the 
clear sky ; azure ; low-spirited ; dis- 
mal ; severe ; pedantic : n. color of 
the clear sky ; one of the primary 
colors ; azure ; a dye or pigment of 
this color ; pale without glare, as a 
flame : v.t'. to make, or dye, blue. 

blue-bell ('bel), n. the wild hya- 
cinth ; the harebell of Scotland. 

blue-book ('book), n. a governmen- 
tal official report, &c. : so called 
from the blue paper covers. 



blue blood ('blud), n. aristocratic 
lineage. 

bluebottle ('bot-1), n. a common 
field flower ; a species of fly. 

bluebonnet ('bon-et), n. a Scotch 
cap of blue cloth ; a name given to 
the Scottish troops before the 
Union ; a Scotchman. 

bluebuck ('buk), n. a name given to 
a small antelope, and the blauwbok 
of South America. 

blue-devils ('dev-ilz), w.pL low spir- 
its ; mental depression ; delirium tre- 
mens. 

blue-grass ('gras), n. a rich pasture 
grass. 

blue-gum ('gum), n. a lofty tree of 
Australia, valuable for its timber, 
and for its essential oil : used as a 
preventive against influenza. 

bluejacket (blii'jak-et), n. a sailor. 

bluelight (blu'lit), n. a light of that 
hue used as a signal ; a pyrotechnic 
composition. 

blue-mold (blu'mold), n. a minute 
fungus which attacks Ijread and oth- 
er food-stuffs. 

blue-peter (blu'pe-ter), n. sl small 
blue flag with a white square in the 
center used as a signal for sailing, 
&c. 

blue-ribbon (blti'rib-un), n. a prized 
distinction ; mark of success. 

blue-spar (blu'spar), n. lazulite. 

blue-stocking (blu'stok-ing), n. a 
wotnan of literary tastes or occupa^ 
tion. 

blue-stone (blti'ston), n, sulphate of 
copper. 

bluing (blti'ing), n. the process of 
imparting a blue tint ; the indigo, 
&c., used by washerwomen. 

bluff (bluf), adj. having a broad, 
flattened front ; rising steeply or 
boldly ; broad and full ; rough and 
hearty ; surly ; gruff : n. a high 
steep bank : a cliff or headland with 
a broad steep face : v.t. to deceive, or 
gain an advantage over, an oppo- 
nent in the game of poker, by in- 
ducing the other players to suppose 
one's hand is more valuable than it 
is in reality : hence to frighten by 
an assumed possession of strength 
or knowledge. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me. merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



blr» 



126 



boa 



bluffly (-li), adv. in a blunt, out- 
spoken, or off-hand manner. 

bluffy (bluf'i), adj. having bold steep 
banks, or headlands. 

bluisli (blu'ish), adj. somewhat blue. 

blunder (blun'der), v.i. to make a 
gross mistake ; err stupidly ; to move 
or act clumsily : n. a gross or stupid 
mistake. 

blunderbuss (blun'der-bus), n. a 
short gun or firearm with a large 
bore, now obsolete. 

blunderingly (blun'der-ing-li) , adv. 
in a blundering manner. 

blunt (blunt), adj. having a thick or 
rounded edge or point ; not sharp ; 
dull in understanding ; abrupt in 
address ; plain-spoken : n. money, 
especially silver money : v.t. to dull 
the edge or point of, by making it 
thicker ; impair the force, keenness, 
or susceptibility of. 

bluntish. (blunt'ish), adj. some'^hat 
blunt. 

blur (bier), v.t. [p.#. & p.p. blurred, 
p.pr. blurring], to dim ; sully ; stain ; 
blemish : n. a smudge ; a moral stain 
or blemish ; a dim confused appear- 
ance. 

blurt (blert), v.t. to speak inadver- 
tently ; divulge unadvisedly [usually 
with out]. 

blush, (blush), v.i. to become red in 
the face, as from shame or confus- 
ion ; bloom; feel shame (for) : n. 
the suffusion of the cheeks or face 
with a red color, through shame, 
confusion, modesty, &c. ; a red or 
reddish color ; a rosy tint. 

blushful (blush'fool), adj. full of 
blushes. 

blushfuUy (-li), adv. in a modest, 
blushing, manner. 

bluster (blus'ter), v.i. to be windy 
and boisterous, as the weather ; talk 
in a noisy, swaggering style ; bully ; 
use empty threats : v.t. to utter with 
noisy violence [with forth or out] : 
n. the noise and violence of a storm, 
or of the wind in impotent gusts; 
noisy talk ; empty menace ; swagger. 

blusterous (blus'ter-us), blustrous 
('trus), or blustery ('ter-i), adj. 
noisy ; tumultuous ; rough. 

boa (bo'a), n. [pi. boas ('az)], a 



huge serpent of South America ; a 
long fur tippet. 

boa-constrictor (bo'a-kon-strik- 
ter), n. a reptile remarkable for its 
length and power of destroying its 
prey by constriction. 

boar (bor), n. the male of swine; the 
wild hog, or wild boar. 

board (bord), n. a piece of timber 
sawed thin, and of considerable 
length and breadth compared with 
the thickness ; a table for food ; pro- 
vision ; entertainment ; a council or 
court ; a number of persons elected 
to the management of some public 
or private ofiice or trust ; a table op 
frame on which games are played ; 
a thick stiti kind of paper ; one of 
the two stiff covers of a book : pi. 
the stage of a theater ; the side, deck, 
or interior part of a ship or boat; 
the line over which a ship runs be- 
tween tack and tack ; v.t. to cover 
with boards ; place at a board ; fur- 
nish with food, or food and lodging, 
for a compensation ; go on board of ; 
enter a ship by force : v.i. to be sup- 
plied with meals, or obtain food and 
lodging, at a fixed charge. 

boarding (bord'ing), n. light timber 
collectively ; a covering of boards ; 
the act of supplying, or state of be- 
ing supplied with, food and lodging 
for a stipulated sum ; the act of en- 
tering a ship. 

bearish (bor'ish), adj. swinish; bru- 
tal ; cruel. 

boast (host), v.i. to brag; to speak 
of one's self or belongings in asser- 
tive and bombastic terms ; vaunt ; 
exult : v.t. to brag of : n. proud, 
vainglorious speech ; a cause of 
boasting ; occasion of pride, vanity, 
or laudable exultation ; a i=;troke, in 
tennis, driving the ball at an acutt 
angle against the court wall. 

boast (host), v.t. to dress (stone) 
with a broad chisel and mallet ; to 
dress (a block) in outline for a 
statue, &c., prior to more detailed 
or delicate work. 

boastful (bost'fool), adj. given t^ 
boasting. 

boastfully (-li), adv. in a boastfa' 
manner. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



127 



log 



lioat (bot), n. a small open vessel 
usually moved by oars but often by 
a sail ; a ship ; an open dish resem- 
bling a boat in shape : v.t. to trans- 
port in a boat : v.i. to go in a boat ; 
row ; sail. 

boatswain (bot'swan, usually bo'- 
sn), n. a petty officer of a ship who 
has charge of the rigging, anchors, 
cables, and cordage, and who sum- 
mons the crew to their duty. 

"bob (bob), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bobbed, 
p.pr. bobbing], to impart a short 
jerking motion to ; to cut short : v.i. 
to have a short jerking motion ; 
move or play to and fro, or up and 
down ; to angle with a bob : n. any 
small round object playing loosely 
at the end of a cord, chain, &c. ; a 
pendant ; an ear-drop ; the weight at 
the end of a pendulum, plumb-line, 
&c. ; a knot of worms or rags on a 
spring, used in angling for eels ; a 
f .at ; a short jerking action or mo- 
tion ; a bobwig ; a shilling. 

bobbin (bob'in), n. one of the pins 
or small cylinders of wood used to 
carry and steady the threads in pil- 
low-lace making ; a spool or reel 
with a head at one or both ends, 
used to hold yarn or thread for 
spinning, weaving, or sewing ; a ma- 
chine-made cotton netting or lace, in 
imitation of pillow-lace ; bobbinet. 

bobolink (bob'o-lingk), n. an Amer- 
ican song-bird. Called also ricebird, 
reedbird, boblincoln. 

bob-stay (bob'sta), n. one of two or 
more ropes or chains to hold" the 
bowsprit down towards the stem or 
cut-water. 

bobtail (bob'tal), n. a short tail or a 
tail cut short; the rabble (rag-tag 
and bobtail). 

bobtailed (bob'tald), at?;, having the 
tail cut short. 

bock-beer (bok'ber), n. a variety of 
lager beer of double strength. 

boco--wood ( bo'ko- wood ), w. the hard 
dark-colored wood of a tree of Gui- 
ana, extensively used for furniture, 
turnery^ &c. 

bode (bod), v.t. to portend; be an 
omen of : v.i. to augur ; presage. 

bodice (bod'is), n. the close-fitting 
waist or body of a woman's dress. 



bodily (bod'i-li), adj. not mental; 
corporeal : adv. corporeally ; entire- 
ly. 

boding (bod'ing), n. an omen; pre- 
sentiment ; adj. foreboding ; ominous. 

bodkin (bod'kin), n. a pointed in- 
strument for piercing holes ; a blunt 
needle for drawing tape, ribbon, &c., 
through a hem or loop ; a long pin 
or stiletto to fasten up the hair ; an 
awl-like printer's tool. 

body (bod'i), n. [pi. bodies ('iz)], 
the material organized substance of 
an animal, as distinguished from the 
soul, spirit, or vital principle ; the 
trunk, or main portion, of an ani- 
mal or tree ; the main or principal 
part of anything ; a person ; a num- 
ber of individuals united by some 
common tie ; a corporation ; a united 
mass ; a general collection ; any 
solid geometrical figure ; a material 
thing; a certain consistency or dens- 
ity ; substance ; strength, as wine, 
&c. : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bodied ; p.pr, 
bodying], to furnish with a body; 
embody ; produce in definite shape. 

body-color (bod'i-kuler), n. a pig- 
ment possessing body or consistence, 
as distinguished from a transparent 
wash-tint. 

body politic (bod'i pol'i-tik), n. the 
collective body of people living un- 
der an organized political govern- 
ment. 

body-snatcber (bod'i-snatch-er), n, 
one who removes bodies from graves 
to sell them for dissection ; resur- 
rectionist. 

Boeotian (be-o'shan), adj. pertaining 
to Boeotia in central Greece, noted 
for its moist and heavy atmosphere ; 
dull ; stupid. 

Boer (boor), n. a Dutch colonist of 
South Africa engaged in farming or 
cattle breeding. 

bog (bog), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bogged, p, 

■ pr. bogging], to sink or submerge \n 
a bog or quagmire : v.i. to sink or 
stick in a bog : n. a tract of wet, 
spongy ground, composed of decayed 
and decaying vegetable matter ; a 
quagmire ; marsh ; morass. 

bogey or bogy (bo'gi), n. [pi. bo- 
geys, bogies Cgiz)], a hobgoblin; a 
spectre. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



bog 



128 



bol 



boggle (bo^'gl), v.i. to hesitate; wa- 
ver ; eqaivocate ; act clumsily ; bun- 
gle : v.t. to make a bungle of ; em- 
barrass : n, the act of hesitating or 
taking alarm ; a bungle ; botch. 

boggy (bog'i), adj. full of bogs; 
marshy. 

bogie or bogey (bo'gi), n. a four- 
wheeled truck supporting the front 
of a locomotive, or each end of a 
carriage, and turning beneath it Ly 
a central pivot. 

bogus (bo'gus), adj. counterfeit; 
spurious. 

bobea (bo-he'), n. a kind of black 
tea. 

Sobemian (bo-he'mi-an), n. a per- 
son who disregards social conven- 
tionalities, or evinces a wild or rov- 
ing disposition ; a gipsy. 

Sobemianism (bo-he'mi-an-izm), n. 
the life or habits of a person who by 
natural inclination leads a free and 
easy unconventional existence. 

boil (boil), vA. to be in a state of 
ebullition through the action of 
heat ; seethe ; be agitated or excited 
by passion or anger ; be subjected to 
the action of boiling water : v.t. to 
heat to the boiling point ; cause to 
bubble by heat ; collect froin, or 
separate, by boiling ; subject to the 
action of heat in a boiling liquid. 

boil (boil), n. an inflamed and pain- 
ful suppurating tumor. 

boiler (boil'er), n. one who boils; a 
vessel in which anything is boiled ; 
a strong metallic vessel, in which 
steam is generated for driving en- 
gines or for other purposes. 

boisterous (bois'ter-us), adj. vio- 
lent ; rough ; stormy ; turbulent ; 
noisy. 

bolas (bo'las), n. sing, or pi. a hunt- 
ing implement consisting of two or 
more balls of iron or stone attached 
to the ends of a leather cord, used 
by the Gauchos and Indians of 
Southern and Western America. 

bold (bold), adj. courageous; ven- 
turesome ; planned or executed with 
courage and spirit ; forward ; rude ; 
impudent ; over-stepping conven- 
tional rules ; striking to the eye ; 
steep ; abrupt ; prominent. 



bole (bol), n. the trunk or stem of a 
tree ; a general term for friable 
clayey shale or clay, usually colored 
by oxide of iron. 

bolero (bo-ler'o), n. a lively Spanish 
dance ; the music accompanying such 
a dance. 

bolide (bo'lld), n. a large meteor 
which explodes on coming into con- 
tact with the air. 

boll (bol), n. the pod or capsule of a 
plant, as of flax : v.i. to form into a 
boll or seed-vessel ; go to seed (Ex. 
ix. 31). 

bollard (bol'ard), n. a strong post of 
wood or iron for securing hawsers. 

bolo (bo'lo), n. a large knife, used in 
the Philippines as a war weapon.^ 

bolometer (bo-lom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring minute 
quantities_ of radiant heat. 

bolster (bol'ster), n. sl long pillow or 
cushion used to support the head; a 
pad to ease pressure ; a compress ; a 
cushioned or padded part of a sad- 
dle : v.t. to support with a pillow or 
cushion ; prop ; maintain ; or sup- 
port [usually with up]. 

bolt (bolt), n. a short, thick arrow 
with a blunt head ; a thunderbolt ; a 
discharge of lightning ; a stout me- 
tallic pin or rod used for holding 
objects together ; a sliding catch for 
securing a door, gate, &c. ; the por- 
tion of a lock shot or withdrawn by 
the key ; an elongated bullet for use 
in a rifled cannon ; a roll or length 
of certain textile fabrics ; a refusal 
to support a nomination made by 
one's party, or withdrawal from 
one's party : adv. like a bolt : 
straight; suddenly: v.t. to shoot; 
discharge; start or spring; fasten 
or secure with a bolt ; blurt out ; 
swallow hurriedly or without chew- 
ing; secede from (a party) or de- 
cline to support (a party nomina- 
tion) : v.i. to shoot forth suddenly; 
depart with suddenness ; start and 
run off. 

bolt-rope (bolt'rop), n. a rope to 
which the edges of sails are sewed. 

bolt (bolt), v.t. to sift or separate the 
coarser from the finer particles; 
hence to examine with care; sep- 
arate. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon^ 
book; hue, hut; think, if /ten. 



bol 



129 



Iboik 



bolns (bo'lus), n. [pi. boluses (-ez)], 
a medicine in the form of a soft 
rounded mass, larger than an ordi- 
nary pill, to be swallowed at once ; 
hence anything disagreeable which 
must be accepted. 

Iioiub (bom or bum), n. a hollow iron 
ball or shell filled with an explosive 
material, fired from a mortar and 
usually exploded by a fuse ; any mis- 
sile similarly constructed and thrown 
by the hand. 

bonib-ketcli (bom'ketch), n. a 
strongly-built vessel, on which one 
or more mortars are mounted for 
use in a naval bombardment. 

boiii-bard (bom-bard'), v.t. to attack 
with cannon ; fire shot or shell at or 
into ; assail hotly ; fire questions at. 

bombardier (bom-bard-er'), n, a 
non-commissioned officer of the 
Royal Artillery. 

boanbardment (bom-biird'ment), n. 
a continuous attack with shot and 
shell ; the act of shelling a town or 
fort. 

bombardon (bom-bar'dun), or bom- 
bar done (-do'ne), n. a large-sized 
musical instrument of the trumpet 
class. 

bombast (bom'bast), n. originally 
cotton or other soft material used 
for stufiing gawnents : hence, high- 
sounding words ; inflated language 
or style ; fustian. 

bombastically (-li), adv. in an in- 
flated manner or stjie. 

bombazet or bombazette (bom-ba- 
zet'), n. a sort of thin woolen cloth, 
either plain or twilled. 

bombazine (bom- or bum-ba-zen), 
n. a twilled fabric, of which the 
warp is silk and the weft worsted. 
Written also bombasine, bombasin, 
and bombazeen. 

bombsbell. Same as bomb. 

bona fid^ (bo'na fi'de), genuine. 

bona fides (bon'a fid'ez), good faith ; 
honorable dealing. 

bonanza (bo-nan'za), n. a rich vein 
of ore : hence, anything which is a 
mine of wealth. 

bonbon (bong'bong), n. a sugar- 
plum ; any confection of sugar ; a 
Christmas cracker. 



bond (bond), n. anything that binds, 
fastens, or confines ; a ligament : pL 
fetters ; imprisonment ; captivity : 
hence, a cause of union ; duty ; obli- 
gation ; an instrument under seal by 
which a person binds himself, hi? 
heirs, &c., to do, or abstain from 
doing, a certain act ; a promise to 
pay a certain sum on or before a 
specified date ; a certificate, bearing 
interest, issued by a government, a 
corporation, or company, for the 
purpose of borrowing money ; a unit 
of combining power equivalent to 
one atom of hydrogen : v.t. to put in 
bond or into a bonded warehouse, as 
dutiable goods, the duties remaining 
unpaid till the goods are taken out, 
but bonds being given for their pay- 
ment : adf. in a state of servitude or 
slavery; captive. 

bone (bon), n. the ossified tissue 
forming the skeleton of most verte- 
brate animals ; one of the parts or 
pieces of an animal skeleton ; some- 
thing made of bone ; pieces of bone 
held between the fingers and rattled 
together as an accompaniment to 
music : v.t. to remove the bones 
from ; put whalebone into ; steal ; 
appropriate. 

bone-black (bon'blak), n. animal 
charcoal. 

bonfire^ (bon'fir), n. any large fire 
made in the open air to celebrate an 
event, or consume rubbish. 

bonhomie (bon-o-me' ) , n. good- 
heartedness ; a frank good-natured 
manner. 

boniface (bon'i-fas), n. an inn- 
keeper. 

bon-marcbe (bong-mar-sha'), good 
market. 

bonne (bon), n. a French nurse. 

bonnet (bon'et), n. a soft woolen 
cap worn by men in Scotland ; a 
woman's head-covering, varying ac- 
cording to fashion, but distinguished 
from a hat by having no brim ; any- 
thing resembling a bonnet in shape 
or use : v.t. to crush the bonnet or 
hat over the eyes of. 

bonny (bon'ni), adj. handsome; 
beautiful ; pretty ; gay ; blithe. Writ- 
ten also bonnie. 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



bon 



130 



boo 



bonspiel (bon'spel), n. in Scotland, 
a curling match between players of 
different clubs. 

bou-ton (bong-tong'), n. the style of 
persons in high life ; good breeding ; 
fashionable society ; height of fash- 
ion. 

lionus (bo'nus), n. [pi. bonuses 
(-ez)], a sum given, or paid, over 
and above what is required, or actu- 
ally payable ; an additional dividend 
out of accumulated profits ; a sum 
paid in addition to regular pay or 
wages. 

boo (boo), inter j. an expression of 
aversion or contempt : n, hooting : 
v.i. to low like an ox ; groan : v.t. to 
hoot at. 

booby (boo'bi), n. a dunce; a stupid 
fellow ; a species of gannet, a West 
Indian bird. 

boobyisb (-ish), adj. stupid; silly. 

boodle (bood'l), n. money paid for 
votes, or undue political influence ; 
bribe money. 

boodler (bood'ler), n. one who gives 
or accepts a bribe. 

book (book), n. a collection of sheets 
of paper and other material, blank, 
written, or printed, bound together ; 
a volume ; a treatise ; a division, sec- 
tion, or part of a literary composi- 
tion ; a register or record : v.t. to 
enter or register in a book ; record ; 
to secure or engage beforehand by 
registry or payment. 

book-keeping (book'kep-ing), w. the 
art of recording pecuniary or busi- 
ness transactions in a regular and 
systematic manner. 

book-maker (book'mak-er), n. one 
who writes and publishes books; a 
compiler ; one who bets against the 
success of a horse in a race, and en- 
ters his transactions in a book ; a 
professional betting man. 

book-man (book'man), n. a studious 
man ; a scholar. 

book-muslin (book'muz-lin), n. a 
fine kind of transparent muslin. 

bools-name (book'nam), n. the name 
of a plant or animal in use only in 
text-books. 

book- worm (book'werm), n. the 
Jarva or grub of various species of 
insects which infest and injure 



books ; a person closely addicted to 
study. 

booking-o£&ce (book'ing-of fis), n. 
in England, an oflSce where tickets 
are sold for railway or steamship 
traveling, or for seats in a theater. 

bookish (book'ish), adj. given to 
reading ; fond of study ; better ac- 
quainted with books than with men ; 
pedantic. 

booklet (book'Iet), n. a little book. 

boom (boom), n. a long pole or spar 
run out to extend the foot of certain 
sails ; a strong chain, cable, or line 
of spars bound together, extended 
across a river or harbor to exclude 
an enemy's ships ; a deep, hollow 
sound ; a sudden demand for a com- 
modity ; a rapid rise in price ; a 
sudden burst of popular favor : v.i. 
to make a deep, hollow, reverberat- 
ing sound ; to go off with a rush : 
v.t. to push with energy. 

boomer (boom'er), n. one who starts 
or promotes a boom ; the Australian 
name for the male of the great kan- 
garoo. 

boomerang (boom'e-rang), n. a mis- 
sile weapon used by the Australian 
aborigines, consisting of a piece of 
flat curved hard wood, which, when 
thrown by the hand in a certain 
manner, describes a series of curves, 
and finally returns to the thrower, 
striking the ground behind him; 
hence any action which may recoil 
on its projector. 

boon (boon), n. prayer or petition; a 
benefit ; a gift ; a privilege ; a favor : 
adj. gay ; kind ; jovial ; merry, con- 
vivial. 

boon (boon), n. the refuse woody 
matter of flax from which the fiber 
has been dressed. 

boor (boor), n. a rustic; a peasant; 
a South African colonist of Dutch 
descent ; a rude, ill-mannered, 
clownish person. 

boorisb (boor'ish), adj. like a boor; 
clownish ; awkward in manner ; il- 
literate. 

boose. See booze. 

boost (boost), v.t. to lift by pushing 
from behind : n. a lift from behind. 

boot (boot), n. profit; that which is 
thrown in as an inducement to a 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, theiic 



boo 



131 



bos 



bargain, or to make an exchange 
equal. 

boot (boot), v.t. to profit; advan- 
tage; avail [usually with ifi. 

boot (boot), n. a leather covering for 
the feet and the lower part of the 
leg ; an old instrument of torture ; 
a receptacle for luggage at either 
end of a coach ; a driving apron of 
leather or rubber-cloth : v.t. to put 
boots on ; kick with the boot. 
.boots (boots), n. the servant in a 
short boot, for women; a child's 
knitted boot. 

booth, (booth), n. a temporary struc- 
ture made of boards, canvas, &c. 

bootless ('les), adv. without advan- 
tage. 

boots (boots), n. the servant in a 
hotel who cleans the boots of the 
guests. 

booty (boo'ti), n. Ipl. booties ('tiz)], 
spoil taken in war ; plunder ; pillage. 

booze or boose (booz), v.t. to_ drink 
immoderately ; tipple : n. liquor ; 
drink ; a carouse ; spree. 

bora (bo'ra), n. a fierce, dry N.E, 
wind which blows on the coasts of 
the Adriatic Sea. 

boracic (bo-ras'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or produced from, borax. 

boracic acid (as'id), n. a compound 
of boron with oxygen and hydrogen. 

borax (bo'raks), n. a salt compound- 
ed of boracic acid and soda, used as 
a flux in soldering metals, and in 
the manufacture of glass, enamel, 
artificial gems, &c. 

bord (bord), n. the face of coal paral- 
lel to the natural fissures. 

bordage (bord'aj), w.. planking of a 
ship's side; the servile tenure by 
which a villein of the lowest rank 
held his cottage. 

bordeaux (bor-do')j n. red and white 
wines produced in the district of 
Bordeaux, France. 

border (bSr'der), n. the outer part 
or edge of anything ; a margin ; 
brink ; boundary ; frontier ; a nar- 
row flower bed : v.t. to make a bor- 
der about, or to adorn with a bor- 
der : adjoin : v.i. to touch at the edge 
or boundary [with on or upon']. 

border-land (bor'der-land), n. land 



forming a border or frontier ; ao 
uncertain or debatable district. 

bore (bor), v.t. to pierce or drill a 
hole in ; form by piercing or drill- 
ing ; to force (as a passage) with 
effort ; weary by tedious repetition, 
or by dullness ; annoy : v.i. to pierce 
or penetrate by boring, &c. ; push 
forward toward a certain point : n. 
a hole made by boring ; the caliber 
or internal diameter of a hole; a 
person or thing that wearies by pro- 
lixity or dullness ; anything which 
causes ennui. 

bore (bor), n. a tidal wave which 
breaks in the estuaries of some riv- 
ers, and, being impeded by the nar- 
rowing channel, rises in a watery 
ridge and courses along with great 
force and noise. 

bore, p.t. of bear. 

borean (bo're-an) or boreal (-al), 
adj. northern ; pertaining to the 
North, or to the North wind. 

borecole (bor'kol), n. a variety of 
kale. 

boredom (bdr'dum), n. ennui; the 
realm of bores ; bores collectively. 

boride (bo'rid), n. a compound of 
boron with a metallic base. 

born (born), p. adj. innate; inherited. 

born, p.p. of bear, to bring forth. 

borne, p.p. of bear, to carry. 

bornite (bSrn'it), n. a valuable ore 
of copper. 

boroglyceride (bo-ro-glis'e-rid), n, 
an antiseptic containing boric acid, 
glycerine, &c. 

boron (bo'ron), n. a non-metallic ele- 
ment occurring abundantly in borax. 

borough (bur'o), n. a corporate 
town. 

borough. English (ing'lish), n. a 
custom existent in some parts of 
England, by which an estate de- 
scends to the youngest son instead 
of the eldest, or, if there is no son, 
to the youngest brother. 

box'ro-w (bor'o), v.t. to obtain (a 
thing) on loan ; adopt ; appropriate ; 
copy. 

bort (bort), n. imperfect or inferior 
diamonds used for polishing other 
stones. 

boscage or boskage (bos'kaj), n. 
ground covered with trees and 



ute, arm. 



at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, th&a.. 



bos 



132: 



1)011 



shrubs ; woods ; thickets ; a wooded 
landscape. 

bosli (bosh), n. absurd or empty 
talk ; utter nonsense ; inter j. hum- 
bug ! 

bosket (bos'ket), n. a grove; a 
thicket. 

bosky (bos'ki), adj. woody; bushy. 

bosom, (boo'zum), n. the breast; 
clothing covering the breast ; the af- 
fections or passions ; something lik- 
ened to a bosom, as a sustaining 
surface, inmost recess, &c. : adj. per- 
taining to the bosom ; intimate ; ! 
cherished ; beloved ; worn on the , 
bosom : v.t. to place or harbor in the - 
bosom ; cherish ; conceal. 

boss (bos), n. [pi. bosses ('ez)], a 
protuberant part ; a stud or knob ; , 
&n ornamental projection of a ceil- I 
ing : v.t. to ornament with studs or 
knobs. 

boss (bos), n. a master, superintend- 
ent ; foreman ; loader : adj. chief ; 
most highly esteemed : v.t. to direct ; 
manage. 

botanic (bo-tan'ik), or botanical 
Ci-kal), adj. pertaining to botany. 

botanically (-li), adv. from a bota- 
nist's point of view ; according to a 
system of botany. 

botanist (bot'a-nist), n. one who 
studies or is skilled in a knowledge 
of plants. 

botanize (bot'a-niz), v.i. to seek af- 
ter plants for the purpose of study- 
ing them : v.t. to explore botanically. 

botany (bot'a-ni), n. the science 
which treats of plants. 

botck (boch), n. a swelling on the 
skin ; a large ulcerous affection. 

botch (boch), v.t. to mend or patch 
in a clumsy manner ; put together 

^ unskilfully : n. sl clumsy patch ; bad 
work. 

^botchy (boeh'i), adj. marked with 
botches. 

both (both), adj. & pron. the one and 
the other ; the two ; the pair, with- 
out excepting either : adv. & conj. as. 

bother (bof/i'er), v.t. to annoy; 
tease ; worry ; give trouble : v.i. to 
trouble one's self ; be troublesome : 
n. worry ; annoyance ; one who, or 
that which, bothers. 

botheration (bo#/i-er-a'shun), n. the 



act of bothering, or state of being 
bothered. 

bothersome (bo;f^'er-sum), adj. trou- 
blesome. 

bots (bots), n.pl. the larvae of several 
specie* of gadfly, which infest horses, 
oxen, sheep, &c. 

bottle (bot'l), n. a hollow vessel, 
usually with a narrow neck, made 
of glass or earthenware, for holding 
liquids ; the contents of a bottle : 
v.t. to put into bottles ; a quantity 
of bay or grass bundled up. 

bottle-holder (bot'l-hold'er), n. one 
who waits upon a pugilist in a prize- 
fight, administering refreshment, 
&c. ; a backer ; a second. 

bottle-nose (bot'1-noz), n. a name 
given to several species of cetaceans 
having bottle-shaped noses. 

bottom (bot'um), n. the deepest part 
of anything ; the base ; foundation ; 
root ; the ground under any body of 
water ; the buttocks ; the seat of a 
chair ; low land formed by alluvial 
deposits ; a river ; a valley ; a dale ; 
a ship ; stamina : adj. lowest ; un- 
dermost : v.t. to found or build 
upon ; furnish with a bottom ; 
fathom ; get to the bottom of : v.i. 
to rest ; be based or grounded. 

bottom-lands (bot'um-lanz), n.pl. 
rich flat alluvial soil on the river 
banks of the Western States. 

bottomry (bot'um-ri), n. the act of 
borrowing money on the security of 
a ship. 

bouche or bonch (boosh), v.t. to 
drill a new mouth or vent in. 

boudoir (boo'dwiir), n. a small room, 
elegantly furnished for a lady's pri- 
vate use. 

bouffe (boof), n. opera-bouffe ; comic 
opera. 

bough (bou), n. an arm or branch of 
a tree. 

bought, p.t. & p.p. of buy. 

bougie (boo-zhe'), n. a wax taper Or 
candle ; a slender flexible tube for 
insertion in the urethra, rectum, 
&c., in cases of stricture. 

bouilli (b5o'lye, French boo-ye'), n, 
ment boiled or stewed with vege« 
tables. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; bSeOf 
book ; hue, hut ; think, t^en. 



133 



bomr 



bouillon (boo'lyon, French bo5- 
yong'), n. sl clear soup produced 
from boiled meat. 

boulder (bol'der), n. a large stone 
worn or rounded by the action of 
water; a portion of rock which has 
been transported to some distance 
from its native bed. 

bpule (boo'le), n. the higher popular 
assembly of ancient Athens; the 
modern Greek legislative assembly. 

boulevard (boo'le-vard), n. a broad 
street, planted with trees. 

bounce (bouns), v.t. to cause to 
bound ; to eject summarily ; to bully : 
V.i. to strike against anything so as 
to rebound ; leap or spring suddenly 
or unceremoniously ; boast or blus- 
ter : n. a sudden bound or spring ; a 
heavy sudden thrust or thump ; a 
boast ; brag ; an impudent lie : adv. 
with a spring ; suddenly. 

bound (bound), n. a limit; confine; 
extent ; boundary : pi. territory 
within certain boundaries : v.t. to 
serve as a limit to ; circumscribe. 

bound (bound), -yi. to jump or spring 
suddenly or in succession ; leap ; re- 
bound : n. a leap; spring; jump; 
rebound. 

bound, p.t. & p.p. of bind. 

bound (bound), adj, ready to go; 
destined. 

boundary ( bound'a-ri ) , n. [pi. boun- 
daries (-riz)], the extent or limit of 
anything. 

bounteous (boun'te-us), adj. giving 
freely ; liberal in gifts ; munificent. 

bountiful (boun'ti-fool), adj. liberal 
in bestowing gifts or favors ; gener- 
ous ; ample. 

bountifully (-li), adv. in a liberal 
manner. 

bounty (boun'ti), n. [pi. bounties 
('tiz)], liberality in bestowing gifts 
or favors ; generosity ; munificence ; 
a premium offered by a government 
to induce men to enlist in the army 
or navy, or to encourage some 
branch of industry. 

bouquet (boo-ka'), n. a nosegay; a 
perfume or aroma characteristic of 
some wines. 

bouquetier (boo-ke-ter'), n. a bou- 
quet-holder. 

bourdon (boor'-don), n. the bass 



drone of the bagpipe ; a bass stop of 
an organ. 

bourgeois (boor-zhwa'), n. a French 
citizen of the mercantile class ; a 
shopkeeper ; a size of type between 
long primer and brevier (ber-jois') 
(see type) : adj. of or pertaining to 
the mercantile or middle class. 

bourgeoisie (bo6r-zhwa-ze'), n. the 
French middle classes ; the middle 
class connected with the trade of 
any country. 

bourn (boorn), n. a stream; a rivu- 
let ; a bound ; destination ; goal. 

bourree (boor-ra'), a composition of 
a lively character, allied to the 
gavotte. . 

bourse (boors), n. a stock exchange 
for the transaction of business, es- 
pecially the Bourse or Stock Ex- 
change of Paris. 

bout (bout), n. a turn or bend; a 
going and returning ; as much as is 
performed at one time ; a trial 5 
essay ; round ; contest. 

boutonniere (boo-ton-nyar'), n. a 
bouquet worn in the button-hole. 

bovine (bo'vin), adj. of, or pertain- 
ing to, oxen • '^esembling or possess- 
ing the characteristics of an ox or 
cow; stolid, dull. 

boTsr (bou), n. the forepart or prow, 
of a ship. 

bow (bou), v.t. to bend; make curved 
or crooked ; bend or incline, as the 
head or body in token of respect ; 
subdue : v.i. to make a bow : n. an 
inclination of the head or bending 
of the body, as a salute, or in token 
of reverence, respect, assent, or sub- 
mission. 

bow (bo), n. a weapon for discharg- 
ing arrows ; anything curved ; an 
implement with which instruments 
of the violin kind are played ; an 
elastic stick with its ends connected 
by string, used for turning a drill, 
&c. ; a looped ornamental knot of 
ribbon or other material : v.t. to 
bend or curve like a bow ; play with 
a bow : v.i. become bent or curved. 

bow-net (bo'net), n. a conical bas- 
ket for trapping lobsters and cray- 
fish. 

bow-saw (bo'saw), n. a saw for 
cutting curves. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



boxtr 



134 



bra 



Bowdlerize (bod'ler-iz), v.t. to ex- 
purgate, as an editor, everything 
deemed ofEensive or indelicate. 

bowel (bou'el), n. one of the intes- 
tines of an animal ; a gut [generally 
in the pi.] : pi. the interior part of 
anything; tenderness; pity (II Cor. 
vi. 12). 

bower (bou'er), n. a shelter con- 
structed of boughs or twining 
plants; an arbor. 

bower (bou'er), n. an anchor carried 
at the bow of a ship ; one of the 
two highest cards in euchre, or the 
second and third highest (when the 
joker is used). 

bwwery (bou'er-i), adj. like a bower; 
shady. 

bowery (bou'er-i), n. [pi. boweries 
(-iz)], a country retreat; farm. 

bowie-knife (bo'e-nif), n. a sheath- 
knife formerly used in the United 
States as a weapon. 

bowl (bol), n. a circular hollow ves- 
sel for holding liquids ; a large 
drinking cup ; the hollow or concave 
part of anything. 

bowl (bol), n. a ball of wood used 
in the games of bowls, and skittles : 
pi. a game played with bowls : v.i. 
to play with bowls ; roll a bowl or 
a cricket ball ; move rapidly and 
smoothly like a ball : v.t. to roll, as 
a bowl or ball. 

bowline (bo'lin), n. a rope fastened 
near the middle of a square-sail, to 
keep the ship near the wind. 

bowse (bouz), v.i. to pull or haul 
hard. 

bowsprit (bo'sprit), n. a large boom 
or spar running out from the stem 
of a ship or other vessel to carry 
its sails forward. 

bowstring (bo'string), n. string of 
a bow ; string used by the Turks for 
strangling offenders : v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. bowstrung, p.pr. bowstringing] , 
to strangle with a bowstring. 

box (boks), n. an evergreen shrub or 
small tree, yielding a hard close- 
grained wood : adj. of box, or re- 
sembling a box-tree. 

box (boks), n. [pi. boxes ('ez)], a 
case or receptacle for holding any- 
thing ; the quantity a box contains ; 
the driver's seat on a carriage ; a 



compartment in a theater or other 
public place ; a Christmas present ; 
a place of shelter for a man on 
duty ; a small country house used 
by sportsmen ; a cylindrical hollow 
iron in a wheel, in which the axle 
runs ; a case to protect mechanism 
from injury : v.t. to enclose in a 
box ; confine ; boxhaul. 

box (boks), n. a blow on the head 
with the fist, or on the ear with 
the open hand : v.t. to strike with 
the fist or hand: v.i. to fight with 
the fists. 

boxhaul (boks'hawl), v.t. to veer a 
ship round instead of tacking. 

boxiana (bok-si-an'a or -a'na), n.pl. 
the literature of prize-fighting. 

boxing-glove (boks'ing-gluv), n. a 
padded glove. 

box-metal (boks'met-al), n. an an- 
tifriction alloy used for journal- 
boxes,, shafting, &c, 

boy (boi), n. a male child; a young 
lad ; sometimes used for a man. 

boy (boi), n. a palanquin bearer. 

boyar (boi'ar), n. a Russian landed 
proprietor ; the name of the Con- 
servative party in Roumania. 

boycott (boi'kot), v.t. to combine 
against a person so as to ostracize 
socially, and prevent or hinder the 
conduct of his business or profes- 
sion, as a means of punishment or 
intimidation : n. the act or state of 
boycotting; a combination for such 
a purpose. 

boycottee (boi-kot-e'), n. a boycot- 
ted person. 

boyer (boi'er), n. a Flemish sloop 
with a raised structure at each end. 

boyhood (boi'hood), n. the state of 
being a boy. 

boyish (boi'ish), adj. pertaining to a 
boy or boyhood ; childish ; puerile. 

brace (bras), n. that which holds 
anything tightly or supports it firm- 
ly ; a prop ; a bandage ; a pair ; a 
curve connecting two or more lines : 

thus Bits} ' ^ curved instrument 
for holding and turning boring tools ', 
a rope reeved through a block at the 
end of a yard, by which the yard is 
swung from the deck: a timber or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



bra 



135 



bva 



scantling to strengthen the frame- 
work of a building : pi. the leathern 
bands clasping the cords at the side 
of a drum ; shoulder-straps to sup- 
port the trowsers : v.t. to bind or 
tie closely ; strain up ; strengthen ; 
furnish with supports. 

brace-drill (bras'dril), n. a drill for 
boring metals. 

bracelet (bras'let), n. an ornamental 
band or ring for the wrist. 

brachial (bra'ki- or brak'i-al), adj. 
pertaining to, or connected with, 
the arm. 

braebiate (bra'ki- or brak'i-at), adj. 
having branches in pairs, nearly 
horizontal, and each pair at right 
angles with the next. 

bracken (brak'en), n. the brake 
fern. 

bracket (brak'et), n. a supporting 
piece projecting from" a wall ; a 
single or jointed gas-pipe, burner. 
&c. ; one of two marks [ ] , used to 
enclose a word or note, or to indi- 
cate an interpolation ; a brace : v.t. 
to furnish with or enclose within 
brackets ; connect by brackets ; 
couple together. 

brackish (brak'ish), adj. saltish. 

bract (brackt), n. a modified leaf 
growing from the flower stem, or 
enveloping a head of flowers. 

bracteate (brak'te-at), adj. fur- 
nished with bracts ; made of thin 
beaten metal. 

bracteolate (brak'te-o-lat), adj. 
furnished with bracteoles. 

bracteole (brak'te-ol), n. a small 
bract. 

brad (brad), n. a slender flat nail, 
having a projection on one side : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. bradded, p.pr. bradding], 
to nail or secure with brads. 

brae (bra), n. a hillside; sloping 
ground. 

brag (brag), v.t. [pJ. & p.p. bragged, 
p.pr. bragging], to boast; speak 
vaingloriously : n. a boast ; a thing 
to boast of ; ostentatious pretense ; 
a game of cards. 

braggadocio (brag-a-do'shio), n. a 
boaster ; a braggart ; empty boast- 
ing. 

braggart (brag'art), n. a boaster; a 
vain fellow : adj. boastful. 



br agger (brag'er), n. one who brags. 

brabma (bra'ma), n. a useful varie- 
ty of large domestic fowl. 

Brahmin, (bra'min) n.[pl. Brahmins 
(-minz)], a member of the Hindu 
priestly caste. 

Brahminee (bra'min-e), n. a female 
Brahmin. 

Brahminism (bra'min-izm), n. the 
religion or doctrines of the Brah- 
mins. 

Brahminist (bra'min-ist), n. an ad* 
herent of Brahminism. 

braid (brad), v.t. to weave or inter- 
twine ; plait : n. a plaited band or 
fillet. 

Braidism (bra'dizm), n. hypnotism. 

brail (bral), n.pl. certain ropes used 
to gather up the foot and leeches of 
a sail prior to furling : v.t. to haul 
in by the brails [usually with up]. 

brain (bran), n. the soft whitish con- 
voluted mass occupying the cranium 
of a vertebrate, constituting the cen- 
ter of the nervous system, and the 
seat of consciousness and volition ; 
the understanding ; intellectual pow- 
er : v.t. dash out the brains of. 

brain- wave (bran'wav), n. a tele- 
pathic vibration by which it is sup- 
posed a thought is conveyed from 
one mind to another. 

brainy (bran'i), adj. possessed of 
brains ; acute ; sharp witted. 

braise (braz), v.t. to stew (as meat) 
in a covered vessel : n. braised meat, 

brait (brat), n. a rough diamond. 

brake (brak), n. an instrument or 
machine to break flax ; the handle of 
a pump ; a baker's kneading trough ; 
a sharp bit or snaffle ; a frame for 
confining refractory horses while 
shoeing ; a heavy vehicle without a 
body, for breaking in young horses 
to harness ; a kind of wagonette ; 
a heavy harrow for breaking clods; 
a mechanical device for checking the 
motion of a vehicle or machine ; a 
brake van. 

brake (brak), n. a place overgrown 
with bracken, brushwood, &c. : the 
common fern. 

brake-shoe (brak'shoo), n. that part 
of a brake which presses against the 
wheel. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



f>ra 



136 



brs 



braky (brak'i), adj. full of bracken, 
brushwood, &c. ; rough ; thorny. 

bramble (bram'bl), n. the English 
blackberry ; any prickly bush or 
shrub. 

brambly (bram'bli), adj. full of 
brambles. 

bran (bran), n. the husks of wheat, 
rye, &c., separated from the flour 
by bolting. 

branch, (branch), n. [pZ. branches 
Cez)], a shoot or limb from a main 
bough ; an off-shoot ; any member or 
part of a body or system ; a depart- 
ment ; a section or subdivision ; any 
part of a family descending in a 
collateral line : adj. deviating from 
the trunk or main body : v.i. to 
ramify ; diverge ; spread diffusely 
[with out'\ : v.t. to divide. 

branchiae (brang'ki-e), n.pl. the re- 
spiratory organs of fishes and some 
amphibia ; gills. 

branchial (brang'ki-al), adj. per- 
taining to the branchiae or gills. 

branchiate (brang'ki-at), adj. hav- 
ing permanent gills. 

branchlet (branch'let), n. a little 
branch. 

branchy (bran'chi), adj. full of 
branches. 

brand (brand), n. a burning piece of 
wood, any form of trade-mark : 
hence, quality or kind ; a stigma or 
mark of infamy ; a fungoid disease 
of plants : v.t. to mark by burning 
with a hot iron, or by other means ; 
stig'matize. 

brandish (bran'dish), v.t. to move, 
wave, or shake, as a raised weapon. 

brandling (brandling), n. a salmon 
of the first year ; a small red worm 
used for bait by fresh-water anglers. 

brandy (bran'di), n. [pi. brandies 
Cdiz)], an ardent alcoholic liquor 
distilled from wine or the husks of 
grapes. 

bran-new (bran'nti), adj. quite new. 

branny (bran'i), adj. having the ap- 
pearance of bran ; consisting chiefly 
of bran. 

brant. Same as brant-goose. 

brant-fox (brant'foks), n. a variety 
of fox found in Sweden. Called 
also brent-fox. 



brant-goose (brant'goos), n. the 
smallest species of the wild goose. 

brash (brash), adj. brittle, as wood. 

brash (brash), n. a rash or eruption. 

brash (brash), n. broken, loose, and 
angular fragments of rock under- 
lying alluvial deposits ; small bro- 
ken pieces of ice. 

brasque (brask), n. a paste used for 
lining crucibles, &c. : v.t. to line 
with brasque. 

brass (bras), n. [pi. brasses ('ez)], 
an alloy of copper and zinc ; a uten- 
sil, ornament, or other article made 
of brass ; a monumental tablet of 
brass ; money ; impudence : pi. the 
brass instruments of a band : v.t. to 
cover with brass. 

brassy (bras'i), adj. pertaining to, or 
resembling, brass ; impudent, brazen. 

brat (brat); n. a child [used con- 
temptuously]. 

brattice (brat'is), n. a partition or 
separation-wall in a level or shaft 
to form an air passage : v.t. to di- 
vide by a brattice. 

bratticing (brat'is-ing), n. orna- 
mental open-work cresting ; rich 
open work in metal ; a brattice ; a 
boarded protection against machin- 
ery. 

bravado (bra-va'do), n. [pi. brava- 
dos & -does ('doz)], arrogant men- 
ace ; defiance. 

brave (brav), adj. bold; courageous; 
intrepid ; making a fine show : n. an 
Indian warrior ; one indiscreetly 
bold : v.t. to encounter with courage 
and f orti tude ; defy. 

bravery (bra'yer-i), n. the quality 
of being brave ; fearlessness ; mag- 
nificence. 

bravo (bra'vo), inter j. well done! 
good ! n. a cheer. 

bravo (bra'vo), n. [pi. bravos or -voes 
Cvoz)], a daring villain; a bandit; 
an assassin. 

bravura (bra-voo'ra), n. an air of 
florid, brilliant style, adapted to dis- 
play the skill of the performer, or 
the range and flexibility of a sing- 
er's voice : adj. brilliant ; florid ; per- 
taining to a bravura. 

brawl (brawl), v.i. to quarrel noisi- 
ly and outrageously ; make a noise 
as of water rushing over a rocky or 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; Jitie, hut; think, th&n.. 



&ra 



137 



bre 



pebbly bed : n. a noisy quarrel ; an 
uproar ; a row. 

bra^srn (brawn), n. boar's flesh, espe- 
cially when prepared by collaring, 
boiling, and pickling; muscular 
strength. 

brawuiness (-nes), n. hardness; 
strength. 

brawny (braw'ni), adj. muscular; 
tough. 

braxy (brak'si), n. a name given to 
a variety of diseases of sheep ; a 
diseased sheep, or its mutton : adj. 
affected with braxy. 

bray (bra), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. brayed, 
p.pr. braying], to pound or beat fine 
or small : v.L to utter a loud, harsh 
cry, as the ass : n. the harsh cry of 
an ass. 

braze (hraz) ,v.t. to solder with brass ; 
cover or ornament with brass; 

brazen (bra'zn), adj. made of brass; 
pertaining to brass ; impenetrable ; 
impudent ; shameless : v.t. to carry 
off or behave with insolence or ef- 
frontery. 

Brazen Age (aj), n. the age that 
succeeded to the Silver Age, charac- 
terized by violence. 

brazier (bra'zher), n. an open pan 
for burning charcoal. 

brazil--w-ood (bra-zil'wood), n. a 
very heavy wood of a red color from 
Brazil, used for dyeing red. 

braziletto (braz-i-let'o), n. an in- 
ferior sort of brazil-wood brought 
from Jamaica. 

Brazilian pebbles (peb'lz), n.pl. 
lenses made from rock crystal from 
Brazil. 

brazilin (braz'i-lin), n. the coloring 
substance extracted from brazil- 
wood. 

brazil-nut (bra-zirnut), n. the seed 
of a palm of tropical America. 

breacb (brech), n. the act of break- 
ing ; the violation of a law, contract, 
or any other engagement ; a gap ; a 
difference ; quarrel ; injury ; surf : 
v.t. to make an opening in. 

bread (bred), n. food made from 
ground corn ; food in general. 

bread-fruit (-froot), n. the fruit of 
a tree growing in the Pacific islands, 
which, when roasted, is eaten as 
bread. 



bread-stuff (-stuf), n. bread-corn: 
flour ; meal from which bread is 
made. 

breadth (bredth), n. the measure of 
any surface from side to side; free- 
dom from narrowness ; broad effect. 

break (brak), v.t. [p.t. broke, p.p. 
broken, p.pr. breaking], to sep- 
arate with violence ; interrupt ; frac- 
ture ; weaken or destroy ; disperse ; 
violate ; make bankrupt ; make a 
first disclosure of ; dismiss, cashier, 
or reduce to the ranks ; tame or 
subdue : n. a breach ; rupture ; aE 
interruption ; change of direction ; 
a first appearance ; a pause ; ae 
opening in the circuit causing m- 
terruption to an electric current ; a 
twist of the ball in cricket ; a play- 
er's turn in billiards ; the number of 
points scored successively ; altera- 
tion of the male voice at puberty ; a 
sudden fall in prices. 

breakage (bra'kaj), n. the act of 
breaking ; allowance for accidental 
fracture. 

breakdown (brak'doun), n. a col- 
lapse ; failure ; downfall, as of a 
carriage ; a lively, noisy dance. 

breaker (bra'ker), n. one who, or 
that which, breaks ; a machine to 
crush roqfes, &c. ; a wave broken 
against the shore, or a rock [usual- 
ly in the _pl.] ; a small water cask; 
a trainer of horses, &c. 

breakfast (brek'fast), n. the first 
meal in the day : v.t. to provide with 
or entertain at breakfast : v.i. to 
eat breakfast. 

breakwater ('waw-ter), n. any 
structure to break the force of the 
waves. 

bream (brem), n. a broad-shaped 
fresh-water fish of the carp family : 
v.t. to clear of shells, seaweed, &c., 
by fire. 

breast (brest), n. the fore part of the 
body between the neck and the ab- 
domen ; one of the organs in wom- 
en, and some other mammalia, for 
the secretion of milk ; the affec- 
tions ; the conscience ; the front of 
anything: v.t. to present the front 
to ; meet or oppose manfully or 
openly; stem. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; n5te, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



tor© 



138 



brl 



breastfast ('fast), n. a large rope 
or chain to secure the midship part 
of a ship to a dock, wharf, or to 
another vessel. 

breastplate ('plat), n. a portion of 
armor covering the front of the 
body ; a part of the vestment of the 
Jewish high priest. 

breast-work ('werk), n, a hastily 
constructed work thrown up breast- 
high for defense; the parapet of a 
building. 

breath (breth), n. the air inhaled 
and exhaled in respiration ; life ; the 
^ower or capacity to breathe freely ; 
respite ; a pause ; a respiration ; an 
instant ; air in gentle motion ; a 
mere word ; a trifle ; an odorous ex- 
halation ; fragrance ; an aspirate. 

breathe (bre/7i), v.i. to inhale air 
and expel it from the lungs ; live ; 
take breath ; rest from action ; pass, 
as air ; blow softly ; insinuate : v.t. 
to inhale and exhale ; inspire ; whis- 
per ; exercise ; blow into. 

breathing (bre'if/iing), n. respira- 
tion ; air in gentle motion ; a gentle 
influence ; a pause ; ardent desire ; 
an accent [']. 

breccia (brech'ia), n. angular rock 
fragments united by a matrix. 

bree (bre), n. broth; sauce; mois- 
ture. 

breech (brech), n. the buttocks; the 
hinder part of anything ; the part 
of a cannon or other firearm behind 
the bore or chamber : v.t. to put into 
breeches ; furnish with a breech ; 
fasten by a breeching. 

breeches (brich'ez), n.pl. a garment 
worn by men, covering the legs from 
the knees to the hips ; trowsers or 
pantaloons. 

breeching (brich'ing), n. the harness 
which passes round a horse's breech ; 
a strong rope to check the recoil of 
a gun. 

breed (bred), 'G.t. [p.t. & p.p. bred, 
p.pr. breeding] , to procreate ; hatch ; 
produce ; train ; rear : v.i. to bear 
young ; be fruitful ; be produced : n. 
a race or progeny from the same 
parents or stock. 

breeze (brez), n. a gadfly or horsefly. 

breeze (brez), n. a gentle gale; a 



fresh soft wind; an excited quarreJ 
or wrangle. 

breeze (brez), n. house sweepings; 
sifted ashes and cinders used in 
burning bricks. 

brethren (brei/i'ren), n. plural of 
brother. 

breve (brev), n. a note of time equal 
to two semibreves or four minims ; 
a mark (v.) used to indicate a short 
vowel. 

brevet (bre-vet'), n. a commission 
to an oflicer in the army conferring 
a higher rank, but without increase 
of pay ; a patent ; a warrant ; a li- 
cense : adj. conferred by brevet : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. brevetted, p.pr. brevet- 
ting], to confer brevet rank upon. 

breviary (bre'vi-a-ri, or brev'i-a-ri), 
n. [pi. breviaries (-riz)], a book 
containing the daily offices and 
prayers. 

brevier (bre-ver'), n. a size of type 
between bourgeois and minon. 
(See type.) 

brevity (brev'i-ti), n. [pL brevities 
(-tiz)], shortness; conciseness. 

brew (broo), v.t. to make liquors 

i from malt or other materials ; plot : 

v.i. be in preparation : n. the action, 

! process, or product of brewing. 

i brewery (broo'er-i), n. a brew-house. 

J briar-root (bri'er-root), n. the root 

of the white heath, used in the 

manufacture of tobacco-pipes. Also 

brier-root. 

bribe (brib), n. a gift or considera- 
tion in money given or promised 
with the object of corrupting or un- 
duly ilnfluencing the judgment or 
conduct of the recipient : v.t. to 
gain over or influence by a bribe: 
v.i. to practice or attempt bribery, 

bribery (brib'er-i), n. [pi. briberies 
(-iz)], the act or practice of brib- 
ing. 

bric-a-brac (brik'a-brak), w. an- 
tique articles of vertu ; fancy ware. 

brick (brik), n. an oblong block of 
kneaded clay dried in the sun or 
burned in a kiln ; a jolly, good-na- 
tured fellow : adj. made of, or re- 
sembling, brick : v.t. to lay or build , 
with bricks : make like brickwork. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ori 



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brj 



brick-kiln (-kil), n. a kiln or fur- 
nace in which bricks are baked or 
burnt. 

bricole (bri-kol'), n. harness worn 
by men for dragging guns or loads. 

bridal (brid'al), n. a marriage; nup- 
tials : adj. pertaining to a bride, or 
wedding. 

bride (brid), n. a woman newly mar- 
ried, or about to be married. 

bridegroom ( 'groom ) , »i. a man new- 
ly married, or about to be married. 

bridesmaid (-z'mad), n, a young 
unmarried woman who attends on 
a bride. 

bridewell (brid'wel), n. a house of 
correction for the confinement of 
disorderly persons. 

bridge (brij), n. a structure of iron, 
stone, or wood, spanning a river, 
road, valley, &c. ; anything resem- , 
bling a bridge in form or use ; an j 
apparatus for measuring the resist- } 
ance of a conductor, called Wheat- 
stone's bridge ; a game of cards : v.t. i 
to build a bridge ; make a passage ; 
find a way of overcoming. 

bridge-board ('bord), n, a notched' 
board into which the ends of the 
steps of wooden stairs are fastened. ^ 

bridge-deck ('dek), n. a partial 
deck extending from side to side of 
a vessel amidships. 

bridge-head ('hed), n. a covering 
work to protect the end of a bridge 
nearest the enemy; a tete-de-pont. 

bridge-rail ('ral), n. a railroad rail 
with an arched tread and lateral 
foot-flanges. 

bridge-train ('tran), n. a pontoon 
train. 

bridging (brij'ing), n. a piece of 
wood between two beams to keep 
them apart. 

bridle (bri'dl), n. the headstall, bit, 
and reins by which a horse is con- 
trolled ; a restraint : v.t. to put a 
bridle on ; control ; guide : v.i. to 
hold the head up, as an indication 
of pride, scorn, or anger [with up']. 

bridoon (bri-doon'), n. the light 
snaflSe and rein of a military bridle. 

brief (bref), adj. short; concise; 
contracted ; narrow : n. an epitome ; 
an abridged statement of a case for 



the instruction of counsel ; a writ ; 
a papal letter : v.t. to shorten ; make 
an abstract of. 

brier (bri'er), n. a thorny plant or 
shrub. 

brig (brig), n. a two-masted, square- 
rigged vessel. 

brigade (bri-gad'), n. a subdivision 
of an army, consisting of several 
regiments, squadrons, or battalions 
(cavalry, infantry, militia, or volun* 
teers), under the command of a 
brigadier-general ; an organized 
body acting under authority : v.t. to 
form into a. brigade or brigades. 

brigadier (brig-a-der'), n. a general 
officer commanding a brigade, and 
ranking next below a major-gen- 
eral. Also brigadier-general. 

brigand (brig'and), n. a robber; a 
member of a gang of freebooters 
infesting mountainous districts; a 
highwayman ; a bandit. 

brigandage (brig'and-aj), n. the life 
and practices of a brigand; organ 
ized robbery. 

brigantine (brig'an-tin or -tin), n 
a small two-masted vessel, square 
rigged like a brig, but with fore 
and-aft mainsail and raking masts 

brigkt (brit), adj. [comp. brighter, 
superl, brightest], luminous; bril 
liant ; shining ; sparkling ; illustri 
ous ; glorious ; witty ; clever ; lively ,- 
auspicious ; alert ; glowing. 

brighten (brifn),-?;.*. to grow bright f 
clear up : v.t. to make bright or 
luminous ; make gay or cheerful ; 
make acute. 

Bright's disease (brit's-diz-ez'), n 
a form of kidney disease character 
ized by the presence of albumin in 
the urine. 

brill (bril), n. a flat fish resembling 
the turbot. Also prill. 

brilliancy (bril'yan-si), n. splendor^ 

brilliant (bril'yant), adj. sparkling f 
lustrous ; glittering ; distinguished t 
n. a diamond, cut to exhibit its re 
fracting qualities to the best ad 
vantage ; the smallest size of type 
(See type.) 

brilliantine (bril'yan-tin), n. a cos 
metic preparation for imparting s 
gloss to the hair. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



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brilliantly (-li), adv. in a brilliant 
manner. 

brim (brim), n. the edge of any- 
thing : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. brimmed, p. 
pr. brimming], to fill to the brim: 
v.i. to be full to the brim. 

Brimful (brim'fool), adj. overflow- 
ing. 

brimstone (brim'ston), n. sulphur: 
adj. made of brimstone ; of the color 
of sulphur. 

brine (brin), n. salt water; pickle; 
the ocean ; tears : v.t. to steep in 
brine. 

bring (bring), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
brought, p.pr. bringing], to fetch or 
convey from another place ; fetch ; 
cause to come ; produce ; procure ; 
conduct ; persuade ; lead. 

brink (bringk), n. the edge; verge. 

briny (bri'ni), adj. very salt. 

briquette ( bri-ket', French bre-ka' ) , 
n. coal-dust molded into the shape of 
bricks. 

brisk (brisk), adj. lively; active; 
swift ; vivacious ; effervescing vigor- 
ously ; sparkKng ; burning freely : 
v.i. to become brisk [generally with 
up]. 

brisket (bris'ket), n. that part of 
an animal's breast where the ribs 
join the breast-bone. 

bristle (bris'l), n. a short stiff, coarse 
hair, especially upon the back and 
sides of swine ; any stiff, sharp 
hair : v.t. to erect like bristles ; fix 
a bristle to. 

bristly (bris'li), adj. covered with 
bristles. 

bristol board (bris'tol bord), n. a 
thick, smooth, white pasteboard. 

bristol paper (pa'per), n. a kind of 
stout drawing paper. 

bristol stone (ston), n. a transpar- 
ent rock-crystal. Called, when pol- 
ished, bristol diamond. 

brit (brit), n. the young of the her- 
ring and sprat ; small animals upon 
w^hich whales feed. 

britannia metal (bri-tan'i-a-met'- 
al), n. a white metal alloy of tin, 
copper, antimony, and bismuth. 

brite (brit), v.i. to be over-ripe. 

British (brit'ish), adj. of, or per- 
taining to, Great Britain or its in- 



habitants ; pertaining to the ancient 
Britons. 

Britisher (brit'ish-er), n. a British 
subject, especially one belonging to 
the British army or navy. 

Briton (brit'un), n. a native of Great 
Britain. 

brittle (brit'l), adj. apt to break; 
not tough. 

britzska (brits'ka), n. an open car- 
riage used in Russia. 

broach (broch), n. an awl; spike; 
skewer ; any boring bit or drill ; a 
stonecutter's chisel ; a spire rising 
directly from a tower without a 
parapet : v.t. to tap or pierce ; be- 
gin a discussion about. 

broad (brawd), adj. [comp. broader, 
superl. broadest], wide; ample; 
vast ; liberal ; comprehensive ; wide- 
ly diffused ; open ; unrestrained ; 
evident ; characterized by breadth 
of treatment ; bold ; indelicate : n. a 
flooded fen ; an expansion of a river 
over low-lying land. 

broad-arrow (-ar'o), n. a British 
government mark to distinguish its 
property. 

broad-cloth ('klawth), n. a fine 
woolen cloth with a smooth finished 
surface. 

broad-seal ('Sel), n. the great seal 
of England. 

broadside ('sid), n. the entire side 
of a ship above the water-line ; a 
simultaneous volley from one side 
of a warship ; a sheet printed on one 
side, and containing information of 
a popular character, or an attack 
on some public person. 

broadsword ('sord), n. a cutting 
sword with a broad blade. 

broaden (brawd'n), v.i. to grow 
broad : v.t. to make broad or com- 
prehensive. 

Brobdingnagian (brob'ding-nag'i- 
an), adj. resembling an inhabitant 
of the fabled country of Brobding- 
nag in Swift's "Gulliver's Travels," 
hence, gigantic : n. a giant. 

brocade (bro-kad'), n. a silk stuff 
variegated with gold and silver flow- 
ers, &c. 

brocatelle (brok'a-tel), n. a beauti- 
fully variegated marble obtained 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; m6, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



bro 



141 



"bro' 



from Italy and Spain ; a figured fab- 
ric of silky texture. 

broccoli (brok'o-li), n. a variety of 
cabbage. 

brocb. (brok), n. a prehistoric roof- 
less round tower, with massive walls 
of unhewn stone: found chiefly in 
Scotland. 

brochure (bro-shoor'), n. a pamphlet 
dealing with a subject of passing 
interest. 

brock (brok), n. a badger. 

brogue (brog), n. a coarse, rough 
shoe ; a dialectic pronunciation. 

broil (broil), v.t. to cook upon a 
gridiron : v.i- to be subjected to 
. great heat ; to be heated with pas- 
sion: n. a noisy quarrel. 

brokage (bro'kaj), n. the premium 
or commission of a broker; broker- 
age. 

broke, p.t. & p.p. of break. 

broken (bro'kn), p.adj. not entire; 
in pieces ; rough ; hilly ; trans- 
gressed ; bankrupt ; crushed ; infirm ; 
imperfect ; interrupted. 

broker (bro'ker), n. one who acts as 
agent or middleman for another ; a 
dealer in second-hand furniture. 

brokerage (bro'ker-aj), n. the busi- 
ness of a broker; his fee or com- 
mission. 

broma (bro'ma), n. aliment; a light 
preparation of cocoa or chocolate. 

bromal (bro'mal), n. a colorless, oily 
fluid obtained by the action of 
bromine on alcohol. 

bromate (bro'mat), n. a salt of 
bromic acid. 

broiue-grass (brom'gras), n. a name 
for the oat-like grasses of the genus 
Bromus. 

bromic acid (bro'mik as'id), n. a 
compound of bromine and oxygen. 

bromide (bro'mid or 'mid), n. a com- 
pound of bromine. 

bromide of potassium (of po-tas'- 
i-um), n. a compound of bromine, 
used largely in medicine as a seda- 
tive. 

bromine (bro'min or 'mm), n. a non- 
metallic element related to chlorine 
and iodine. 

bromize (bro'miz), v.t. to prepare or 
trent with a bromide. 

bromocbloralum (bro-mo-klo'ri- 



lum), n. a disinfectant fluid, com- 
posed of the bromide and chloride of 
aluminium. 

bromogelatin (bro - mo-jel'a-tin) , 
adj. prepared from certain bromides, 
nitrate of silver, and gelatine, and 
used for the sensitive emulsions em- 
ployed for dry photographic plates, 

bronchi, n.; pi. of bronchus. 

bronchia (brong'ki-a), n.pl. the 
bronchial tubes. 

bronchitic (brong-kit'ik), adj. of or 
pertaining- to bronchitis. 

bronchitis (brong-ki'tis), n. an in- 
flammation, acute or chronic, of the 
mucous lining of the bronchial tubes. 

broncho (brong'ko), n. an unbroken 
Mexican or Californian horse. 

bronchopneumonia (brong-ko-nti- 
mo'ni-a), n. inflammation of the 
lungs and bronchi. 

bronchotomy (brong-kot'o-mi), n. 
the operation of making an incision 
into the windpipe or larynx to af= 
ford a passage for air to the lungs, 

bronchus (brong'kus), n. [pL 
bronchi ('ki) 1, one of the two prin= 
cipal branches of the windpipe or 
trachea. 

bronze (bronz), .n. an alloy of copper 
and tin, to which other metallic sub- 
stances are sometimes added ; a work 
of art cast or wrought in bronze ; a 
pigment used to imitate bronze; im- 
pudence : adj. made of or resembling 
bronze : v.t. to make of the color of 
bronze ; tan by exposure to the sun ; 
apply bronze pigment oir leaf to. 

Bronze Age (aj), n. the age succeed- 
ing the Stone Age, the ornaments 
and weapons of that period being 
made of bronze. 

bronzine (bronz'in), n. a metal re- 
sembling bronze. 

brooch (broch), n. an ornamental 
dress-clasp. 

brood (brood), n. offspring; a hatch; 
the young birds hatched at one time ? 
v.i. to sit on eggs, as a hen; linger 
over sorrowfully [with on or over} i 
v.t. to sit over, cover, and cherish ° 
ponder over. 

broody (brood'i), adj. inclined to sit 5' 
adapted for breeding. 

brook (brook), n. a small stream. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boo% 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



liro 



142 



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1>rook (brook), v,t, to bear; put up 
with. 

brooklet (brook'let), n, a small 
brook. 

broom (bro5m), n. a shrub, bearing 
large yellow flowers ; a besom or 
brush. 

brose (broz), n. a kind of porridge, 
made by pouring boiling water, or 
milk, or meat liquor, on oatmeal. 

broth, (broth), n. a kind of thin soup. 

brotbel (broth'el), n. a bouse of ill- 
fame. 

brother (bru;f^'er), n. [pi. brothers 
(-erz), & brethren (bre^Vren)], a 
male born of the same father and 
mother ; one closely united by a com- 
mon interest ; a member of a re- 
ligious order ; a fellow creature ; one 
who resembles another. 

brotber-german (-jer'man), n. a 
brother on both the father's and the 
mother's side. 

brotber-im-law (-in-law), n. the 
brother of one's husband or wife ; 
sister's husband. 

Brother JoxLatban (jon'a-then), n. 
a humorous personification of the 
United States. 

brother-uterine (-u'ter-in), n. one 
born of the same mother, but of a 
different father. 

brotherhood (bruf^'er-hood), n. the 
state or quality of being a brother ; 
a fraternity. 

brotherly (bruf^'er-Ii), adj. as be- 
comes a brother ; affectionate. 

brougham (broo'am or broom), n. a 
close four-wheeled carriage for one 
or two horses. 

brought, p.t. & p.p. of bring. 

broxtr (brou), n. the arch of hair over 
the eye ; the forehead ; the general 
aspect of the countenance ; the edge 
of a steep place; the upper portion 
of a hill. 

l>rowbeat (brou'bet) , v.t. [p.t. brow- 
beat, p.p. browbeaten, p.pr. brow- 
beating], to depress or bear down 
arrogantly ; bully. 

bro-wn (broun), adj. of a dusky or 
dark color : n. a dark color, inclined 
to red or yellow ; a halfpenny : v.i. 
to become brown : v.t. to make 
brown. 

brownie (brou'ni), n. a beneficent 



spirit supposed to haunt old farm- 
houses [Scotch], 

browse (brouz), n. the tender shoots J 
or twigs of shrubs and trees : v.t. 
to feed on ; pasture on ; graze : said 
of cattle, deer, &c. 

bruin (broo'in), n. the brown bear. 

bruise (brooz), n. an injury to the 
flesh of an animal or to a plant or 
other body, caused by a blow: v.t. 
to injure, crush, or indent by a blow 
or pressure without laceration ; con- 
tuse ; bray, as drugs, &c. : v.i. to 
fight with the fists ; box, 

bruit (broot), n. report; rumor; 
fame : v.t. to report ; noise abroad. 

brumal (broo'mal), adj. pertaining 
to winter ; foggy ; misty. 

brummagem (brum'ma-jem), adj. 
sham; counterfeit; showy, but 
worthless. 

brunette (broo-nef), n. a woman 
with a brown or dark complexion, 
usually with dark hair and eyes: 
adj. having such a color, 

brunt (brunt), n. a violent shock; a 
furious onslaught; a brief and sud- 
den effort. 

brusb (brush), n. a thicket of small 
trees; the small trees and shrubs of 
a wood ; an instrument composed of 
bristles, &c., used for cleaning, ap- 
plying paint, &c, ; the brushy tail 
of a fox ; a slight encounter ; a 
brushing; thin metallic plates or 
flexible wires bound together, em- 
ployed to conduct a current to or 
from an electric motor, &c. ; a brief 
trial of speed : v.t. to sweep, cleanse, 
or rub with a brush ; touch lightly in 
passing; renovate; ruffle [with upl : 
v.i. to move with haste; skim over 
with a light touch. 

brush-xrheel ('hwel), n. a tooth- 
less wheel used to turn a similar 
wheel by means of bristles, leather. 
Cloth, &c., attached to the circum- 
ference ; a circular wheel for polish- 
ing, used on a lathe, , 

brushwood (brush'wood), n. rough, 
close bushes ; a thicket ; a coppice ; 
small wood, suitable for the fire, 

brusque (brusk), adj. abrupt in man- 
ner. 

Brussels-carpet (brus'elz-kar'pet) , 
n. a strong kind of woolen carpet. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



l>ru 



143 



bu« 



Brussels-lace (-las), n. various 
kinds of expensive lace made origi- 
nally at Brussels. 

Brussels-sprouts (-sproutz), n.pl. a 
variety of the common cabbage. 

brutal (broo'tal), adj. pertaining to 
or resembling a brute ; savage ; 
cruel. 

brutality (broo-tal'i-ti), n. the qual- 
ity of being brutal ; pitiless cruelty. 

brutalize (broo'tal-iz), v.t, to make 
brutal ; sensualize. 

brutally (broo'tal-i), adv. in a cruel 
or brutal manner ; inhumanly. 

brute (broot), adj. without reason 
or intelligence ; rough ; brutal ; un- 
civilized : n. a beast ; an irrational, 
irresponsible animal [ a brutal per- 
son. 

brutify (broo'ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
brutified, p.pr. brutifying], to make 
like a brute; degrade morally or 
physically. 

brutish (broot'ish), adj. pertaining 
to, or resembling, a brute ; savage ; 
sensuous. 

bub (bub), n. a boy. Also bubby. 

bubble (bub'l), n. a small bladder of 
water or other fluid filled with air 
or gas; anything unreal or unsub- 
stantial ; a swindling speculation : 
v.i. to rise in bubbles ; run with a 
gurgling sound ; v.t. to cause to bub- 
ble; cheat. 

bubo (bu'bo), n. [pi. buboes ('boz)], 
an inflammatory swelling in the 
groin or armpit. 

bubonocele (bti-bon'o-sel), n. rup- 
ture or hernia in the groin. 

buccal (buk'al), adj. pertaining to 
the cheek. 

buccaneer (buk-a-ner'), n. a pirate; 
a sea-robber ; one of the piratical ad- 
venturers who, during a part of the 
17th century, made depredations on 
the Spaniards in America : v.i. act 
the part of a buccaneer. 

buccinator (buk'si-na-ter), n. a 
muscle of the cheek called the trum- 
peter's muscle from its use in blow- 
ing wind-instruments. 

bnccinum (buk'sin-um), n. the genus 
of mollusks to which the whelk be- 
longs. 

bucentaur (bti-sen'tawr) , n. a fabu- 
lous monster, half man and half 



bull ; the state barge of Venice used 
by the doge in the annual ceremony 
of espousing the Adriatic. 

bucbu (bti'ku), n. the name of cer- 
tain species of Barosma, employed 
as a medicine. 

buck (buk), v.t. to break or pulver- 
ize, as ore. 

buck (buk), n. the male of the fal- 
low-deer, goat, rabbit, hare, &c. ; a 
gay fellow; a fop; a male Indiaa 
or negro. 

buck-eye ('i), n. a name of the 
American horse-chestnut. 

buck-bound ('hound), n. a stag- 
hound. 

buck- jumper ('jump'er), n. a vi- 
cious untrained horse that en« 
deavors to throw the rider by arch«> 
ing its back and drawing its feet 
together. 

buck-sbot ('shot), shot of a large 
size. 

buck-wbeat ('hwet), n. a plant cul« 
tivated for its triangular seeds, 
which are ground into meal and 
used for food. 

bucket (buk'et), n. a vessel for draw- 
ing or holding water ; the scoop of 
a dredging-machine or of a grain 
elevator ; a receptacle on a water- 
wheel which receives the force of the 
water. 

bucket-sbop (-shop), n. an office for 
gambling in stocks, grain, &c. in 
small amounts. 

buckle (buk'l), n. a metal clasp con- 
sisting of a frame with movable 
tongue or catch, used for securing 
straps, bands, &c. : v.t. to fasten 
with a buckle; twist, bend; confine, 
join ; to prepare for action : v.i, to 
curl ; apply one's self with vigor 
[with to]. 

buckle (buk'l), n. a bend, or kink, 
as in a blade ; a curl of hair ; the 
condition of being curled, as hair. 

buckler (buk'ler), n. a kind of an 
cient shield. 

buckra (buk'ra), n. Negro term for 
a white man. 

buckram (buk'ram), n. coarse linen 
cloth stiffened with dressing : adj. 
made of, or resembling, buckram 
hence, stiff; precise. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



j^uc 



144 



^bui 



bucolic (bu-kol'ik), adj. pastoral: n. 
a pastoral poem ; a rustic. 

bud (bud), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. hndded, 
p.pr. budding], to graft: v.t. to put 
forth or produce buds ; begin to 
grow : n. the rudimentary, unde- 
veloped stage of a branch, leaf, or 
flower ; a gemmule. 

Buddhist (bood'ist), ii. one who ac- 
cepts the doctrines of Buddhism : 
adj. pertaining to Buddha or Bud- 
dhism. 

'^udge (buj), v.i. to move from one's 
position : v.t. change the position of. 

budge (buj), qi. lambskin dressed 
with the wool outwards. 

budget (buj'et), n. sl bag with its 
contents : hence a stock or store ; 
the annual financial statement of the 
Chancellor of the Exchequer. 

budlet (bud'let), n. a small bud. 

buff (buf), n. a thick leather pre- 
pared from the skin of the buffalo, 
ox, &c., dressed with oil ; a light 
yellow ; the bare skin : adj. made of 
buff-leather ; buff-colored. 

buffalo (buf'a-lo), n. [pi. buffaloes 
(-loz)], a ruminant mammal of the 
ox family; a name given to various 
wild oxen, especially to the North 
American bison. 

'Buffalo-bird (-herd), n. bird which 
perches on the buffalo to catch 
parasites. 

buffer (buf'er), n. any contrivance 
which serves to deaden the concus- 
sion caused by the impact of two 
bodies ; a good-tempered, somewhat 
foolish person. 

ibuffet (buf'et), n. a blow with the 
hand : v.t. to strike with the hand ; 
box ; beat ; contend against : v.i. to 
exercise or contend with blows ; 
struggle. 

buffet (buf'et & boo-fa'), n. a cup- 
board or sideboard ; a counter for 
refreshments. 

Iduffe (boof'o), n. the comic actor in 
an opera : adj. comic ; burlesque. 

liiuffoon (buf-oon'), n. one who 
amuses others by low jests, ancles, 
odd gestures, &c. 

buffoonery (buf-oon'er-i) , n. [pi. 
buffooneries (-iz)], the arts and 
practices of a buffoon ; vulgar tricks 
and postures. 



buffy (buf'i), adj. buff-colored. 

bug (bug), n. name in England for 
the bedbug; an insect. 

bugaboo (bug'a-boo), n. sl bugbear. 

bugbear (bug'bar), n. a frightful ob- 
ject ; a vain terror. 

buggy (bug'i), n. a light four-wheeled 
carriage drawn by one horse. 

bugle (bti'gl), n. a hunting horn; a 
military wind-instrument. 

bugle (bu'gl), n. an elongated glass 
bead. 

bubl (btil), n. decorative inlaying for 
cabinet-work, consisting of brass or 
other metal, tortoise-shell, &c., 
worked into scrolls or other pat- 
terns ; the articles so ornamented. 

build (bild), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. built, 
builded, p.pr. building], to con- 
struct ; erect, as a house ; form by 
art ; raise anything on a support or 
foundation ; establish : v.i. to con- 
struct an edifice ; depend, base, or 
reckon [with on or tipon] : n. mode 
or style of construction. 

building (bild'ing), n. the act of con- 
structing, raising, or establishing ; 
an edifice. 

bulb (bulb), n. an onion-shaped root; 
a kind of leaf bud ; any protuberance 
or expansion on a stem or tube : v.i. 
to project as a bulb [with out]. 

bulbiferous (bul-bif'er-us) , adj. pro- 
ducing bulbs. 

bulbous (bul'bus), adj. pertaining to 
or resembling a bulb. 

bulbul (bool'bool), n. the Persian 
nightingale. 

bulbule (bulb'ul), n. a little bulb; 
a bulbler. 

bulge (bulj), n. the bilge or widest 
part of a cask ; a bending outwards ; 
the bilge of a ship : v.i. to jut out ; 
be protuberant. 

bulk (bulk), n. magnitude or size; 
complete dimensions ; the main mass 
or body ; the cargo of a ship when 
stowed ; volume : v.i. to increase in 
size ; swell out. 

bulk-bead (-hed), n. a partition in 
a vessel which separates one part of 
it from another. 

bulky (bul'ki), adj. of great size or 
bulk. 

bulkiuess (-nes), «. greatness in 
bulk. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



0nl 



145 



bus 



bull (bool), n. the male of any bovine 
mammal ; the male of various large 
animals, as the whale, elephant, &c. ; 
one who endeavors to raise the price 
of stock in order that he may sell 
dear : the opposite of a bear : adj. 
male, or of large size [in composi- 
tion] : v.t. to endeavor to raise the 
market value of. 

bull (bool), n. a papal letter, edict, 
or rescript, having a leaden seal 
(bulla) affixed to it. 

bull (bool), n. a ludicrous inconsis- 
tency in language. 

bull-baiting (bool'bat-ing), n. the 
sport of baiting or attacking bulls 
with dogs. 

bull-calf (bool'kaf), n. a male calf. 

bulldog (bool'dog), n. a variety of 
dog of strong muscular build, and 
remarkable for its courage and feroc- 
ity, formerly used for baiting bulls : 
pL a pair of pistols ; a proctor's at- 
tendant : adj. characterized by the 
courage of a bulldog, as bulldog 
tenacity. 

bullet (bool'et), n. a small ball or 
projectile. 

bulletin (bool'e-tin), n. an official 
report regarding some matter or 
event of public interest ;• a periodic- 
al publication : v.t. to publish or an- 
nounce by bulletin. 

bull-figbt (bool'flt), n. a combat be- 
tween armed men and a bull. 

bull-lincli (boorfinch), n. a common 
British song bird. 

bull-frog (boorfrog), n. a large 
North American species of frog 
abounding in marshy places, re- 
markable for its loud, bellowing 
croak. 

bullbead (bool'hed), n. a broad- 
headed scaleless fish of North Amer- 
ica ; catfish. 

bullion (bool'yun), n. uncoined gold 
or silver ; foreign coin ; a heavy 
twisted fringe covered with fine 
gold- or silver-wire. 

bullionist (bool'yun-ist), n. an ad- 
vocate for an exclusive metallic cur- 
rency, or a metallic currency com- 
bined with convertible paper. 

bullock (bool'ok), n. an ox or cas- 
trated bull ; a full-grown steer. 

bull's-eye (boolz'i), n. a boss of 



glass ; a sweet-meat ; any circular . 
opening for light or air ; a small ob- 
scure cloud, with a ruddy center ; a 
lantern with a convex lens ; a plano- 
convex lens for concentrating the 
light, attached to a microscope ; the 
center of a target ; a shot that hits 
the bull's-eye. 

bull-terrier (boorter'i-er), n. a 
cross-breed between the bulldog and 
the terrier. 

bully (bool'i), n. [pi. bullies ('iz)]j 
one who domineers by insolence or 
threats : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bullied, p, 
pr. bullying], to overbear with 
bluster and menaces : v.i. to be in- 
solently noisy and quarrelsome. 

bulrush (bool'rush), n. sl rush-like 
aquatic plant. 

bulse (buls), n. a bag or purse used 
in the East Indies to carry or meas- 
ure valuables ; a packet of diamonds 
or gold dust. 

bulwark (bool'werk), n. a rampart; 
a fortification; the boarding round 
the sides of a ship, above the level 
of the deck ; any means of protec- 
tion or defense. 

bumble-bee (bum'bl-be), n. a large 
bee. 

bumboat (bum'bot), n. sl boat u«pd 
for the conveyance of provisioiis, 
fruit, &c., for sale to vessels lying 
off the shore. 

bummer (bum'er), n. a loafing fel- 
low who sponges on others ; a low 
politician. 

bump (bump), n. a shock from a 
blow ; a swelling protuberance ; the 
striking of a boat by the prow of 
another following it in college boat- 
races : v.t. to bring in violent con- 
tact ; thump: v.i. to com© in colli- 
sion ; strike heavily. 

bumper (bump'er), n. an overflowing 
cup. 

bumpkin (bump'kin), n. an awk- 
ward, clumsy, rustic ; a country lout. 

bumptious (bump'shus), adj. self- 
assertive. 

bun (bun), n. a small light cake. 

bunck (bunch), n. a cluster; a col- 
lection of things of the same kind 
growing or fastened together ; a 
tuft ; a small mass of ore : v.i. to 
swell out ; cluster : v.t. to form inte 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; nOte, nOrth, not; b55n, 
book; hue, hat; think, tbea. 



iyan 



146 



liur 



a bunch; to present (a lady) with a 
bouquet. 

bunchiness (-nes), the state of being 
bunchy. 

bunchy (bunch'i), adj. gathered into 
a bunch. 

bunco (bung'ko), n, a confidence 
game. 

buncombe or bunkum (bung'kum), 
n. idle or showy speech, especially 
if intended to secure votes or satisfy 
one's constituents. 

bund (bund), n. an embankment to 
protect the land against inundation. 

bundesrath (boon'des-rat), n. the 
federal council of the German Em- 
pire ; bund. 

bundle (bun'dl), n. a number of 
things bound together ; a roll or 
package ; two reams of printing or 
brown paper : v.t. to tie or bind in a 
bundle or roll ; to dismiss uncere- 
moniously [with off or ouf] : v.i. to 
depart without ceremony [with off]. 

bung (bung), n. a large cork for stop- 
ping the hole in a cask ; a publican : 
v.t. to stop with a bung ; close or 
shut up. 

bungalow (bung'ga-lo), n. a single- 
storied house, lightly built, and gen- 
erally surrounded by a veranda. 

bungle ( bung'gl ) , v.i. to botch ; man- 
age awkwardly : v.t. to perform 
clumsily : n. a clumsy performance ; 
a botch. 

bunion (bun'yun), n. a swelling on 
the foot, usually over the joint of 
the great toe. 

bunk (bungk), n. a box or recess 
serving for a sleeping-berth in a ves- 
sel, sleeping-car, &c. : v.i. to sleep in 
a bunk. 

bunker (bung'ker), n. a large bin or 
receptacle ; a sandhole on golf links. 

bunt (bunt), n. the middle part or 
belly of a square sail : v.i. to swell 
out : v.t. to haul up, as the middle 
part of a sail in furling. 

bunt (bunt), n. a species of fungus 
which produces the smut disease in 
wheat. 

bunting (bunt'ing), n. a bird allied 
to the finches and the sparrows ; a 
thin woolen stuff used for making 
flags ; flags collectively. 

buntline (bunt'lln), n„ one of the 



ropes attached to the foot-rope of a 
square sail to draw the sail up to 
the yard. 

buoy (boi), n. a floating body moored 
at a certain place to indicate the 
position of something beneath the 
water; a life-buoy: v.t. to keep 
afloat in a fluid [with up]; to mark 
with a buoy ; support. 

buoyage (boi'aj), n. buoys collec- 
tively. 

buoyancy (boi'an-si), n. relative 
lightness ; elasticity of spirits. w^ 

buoyant (boi'ant), adj. having the 
quality of floating in a fluid; not 
easily depressed. 

bur (ber), n. the rough prickly seed- 
case of certain plants; a partially 
burnt brick ; the guttural pronuncia- 
tion of the rough r; the rough 
ridges of metal left by the graver 
in cutting metal. 

burbot (ber'bot), n. the eel-pout. 

burden (ber'dn), n. that which is 
borne or carried ; a load ; something 
grievous, wearisome or oppressive; 
a ship's capacity for carrying a 
cargo; a chorus or refrain; a topic 
on which one dwells: v.t. to load; 
lay a weight upon. 

burdock (ber'dok), n. a large way- 
side weed with rough broad leaves. 

bureau (bu ro)_, n. [pi. bureaus 
or bureaux ('roz)], a desk or writ- 
ing-table furnished with drawers: 
an ofiice ; a governmental depart- 
ment for the transaction of public 
business. 

bureaucracy (bti-ro'kra-si), n. the 
system of centralized government by 
means of bureaus or departments ; 
the officials administering such bu- 
reaus, as a body. 

bureaucrat (bu'ro-krat), n. an ad- 
vocate or supporter of bureaucracy, 

burg (berg), n. a borough. 

burgess (ber'jes), n. a citizen or free- 
man of a borough. 

burgher (ber'ger), n. a citizen or 
freeman of a burg or borough. 

burglar (berg'lar), n. one who 
breaks into a house at night with 
intent to commit a felony. 

burglarious (berg-la'ri-us), adj. per- 
taining to, or constituting, burglary. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon^ 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



bur 



147 



bus 



burglary (bgi^'la-ri), w. the act or 
crime of breaking into a house at 
night with intent to commit a fel- 
ony. 

burgomaster (ber'go-mas-ter), n. 
the chief magistrate of a municipal 
town in Holland, Flanders, and Ger- 
many. 

burgundy (ber'gun-di), n. a wine, 
red and white, made in Burgundy in 
France. 

fourfi:&...ndy-pitcL. (-'pitch), «. spruce- 
1 fir resin. 

burial (ber'i-al), w. the act of bury- 
ing. 

burin (bu'rin), w. a cutting tool. 

burl (berl), n. a small knot or lump 
in thread or cloth ; a knot in wood : 
v.t. to pick knots, &c., from, as in 
finishing cloth. 

burlap (ber'lap), n. a coarse fabric 
made of jute, hemp, &c., used for 
bagging or in upholstery [commonly 
in the pl.^. 

burlesque (ber-lesk'), adj. tending to 
excite laughter by extravagant con- 
trast or caricature : n. a ludicrous, 
grotesque representation ; a literary 
composition or dramatic piece com- 
posed in burlesque style : v.t. to ridi- 
cule or make ridiculous by carica- 
tured representation; travesty; par- 
ody. 

burletta (ber-let'a), w. a comic 
opera ; a musical farce. 

burliness (-nes), n. the quality of 
being burly. 

burly (ber'li), adj, bulky; large; cor- 
pulent. 

Burmese (ber'mez), adj, pertaining 
to Burma. 

burn(bern), v.t. Ip.t. burnt & burned, 
p.pf. burning], to consume or in- 
yare with fire; reduce to ashes; 
scorch ; expose to the action of fire ; 
produce by means of fire ; affect with 
a burning sensation ; cauterize : v.i. 
to be on fire ; suffer from or be in- 
jured by excess of heat ; glow ; 
shine ; be inflamed with passion or 
desire : n. an injury to the flesh 
caused by fire. 

burn (bern), n, a rivnlet; a brook. 

burner (ber'ner), n. one who burns 
or sets fire to anything; the part of 



a lamp or gas fixture from whicli 
the flame issues. 

burning-glass (-gl^s), n, a double- 
convex lens used to focus the rays 
of the sun upon combustible sub- 
stances to ignite them. 

burnish, (ber'nish), v.t. polish by 
friction ; make smooth and lustrous J 
n. polish ; gloss ; brightness. 

burnt offering (of'er-ing), n. some- 
thing offered and burnt upon an 
altar as a sacrifice or an atonement 
for sin. 

burro-w (bur'o), n. a bole in the 
ground excavated by a rabbit or 
other animal, as a refuge and habita- 
tion : v.i. to excavate ; work a way 
into or under something; lodge in 
a deep or concealed place; hide. 

burry (bur'i), adj. full of burs; 
rough. 

bursa (ber'sa), n. a sac or sac-like 
cavity. 

bursar (ber'ser), n. the treasurer of 
a college ; a university- student who 
receives an allowance for his sup- 
port. 

bursary (ber'ser-i), n. the treasury 
of a college or monastery; the al- 
lowance paid to a student in a Scot- 
tish university. 

burst (berst), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. burst, 
p.pr. bursting], to rend or break 
open with violence ; yield to internal 
force or pressure ; explode ; give way 
under excess of grief or pain ; ap- 
pear or disappear suddenly : v.t. to 
rend or break by violence ; open sud- 
denly : n. a violent or sudden break- 
ing forth ; a sudden explosion ; a 
rush ; a strenuous effort ; a spurt. 

bury (ber'i), n. a manor-house; a 
borough. 

bury (ber'i), iP.t. [p.t. & p.p. buried, 
p.pr. burying], to deposit and cover 
in a grave or tomb, or in any final 
resting-place ; entomb ; keep secret ; 
hide. 

burying (ber'i-ing), n. burial (John 
xii. 7). 

bus (bus), n. sl shortened form of 
omnibus. 

bush (boosh), n. a thick shrub; st 
forest region; wild, uncleared coun- 
try ; the tail or brush of a fox ; a 
branch of a tree formerly hung out 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boo% 
book; hue, hut; think, then» 



"bus 



148 



but 



as a tavern sign : vA. to grow thick 
or bushj : v.t. to set bushes about ; 
use a bush-harrow on. 

t}ti.sli (boosh), n. a lining or tube of 
hard metal inserted in an orifice, to 
reduce wear by friction : v.t» to fur- 
nish with a bush. 

Businnan (boosh'man), n. [pi. bush- 
men ('men)], one of a tribe of ab- 
originals near the Cape of Good 
Hope ; a Bosjesman. 

Iiusliraiiger (boosh'ranj-er), n. one 
who leads a predatory life in the 
bush country ; originally a criminal 
who escaped and lived a lawless 
life in the bush. 

busli-wliacker (boosh'hwak-er), n. 
a back-woodsman ; an implement 
for cutting brushwood. 

busliel (boosh'el), n. a dry measure 
containing eight gallons or four 
pecks ; a vessel of such a capacity ; a 
large quantity. 

Iiushiness (-nes), n. the quality of 
being bushy. 

bushy (boosh'i), adj. thick and 
spreading like a bush; overgrown 
with shrubs. 

busily (biz'i-li), adv. in a busy man- 
ner. 

business (biz'nes), n. employment; 
trade ; profession ; something to be 
transacted or required to be done ; 
right of action ; affair ; matter : adj. 
pertaining to business ; practical. 

busk (busk), n. a strip of flexible ma- 
terial worn in the front of corsets. 

buskin (bus'kin), n. kind of half -boot 
or high shoe reaching to the middle 
of the calf; a high shoe (cothurnus) 
worn by ancient actors in tragedy to 
increase their height. 

buss (bus), n. a small two-masted 
vessel used in herring fishing. 

bust (bust), n. the chest or thorax; 
the head, shoulders, and breast of a 
person represented in sculpture. 

bustard (bus'terd), n. a bird of the 
genus Otis, of which there are many 
species, as the great bustard of 
Europe and Africa. 

bustle (bus'l), v.i. to be busy, with a 
certain amount of noise ; move 
quickly : n. tumult ; noisy activity ; 
a pad or cushion worn by women 
beneath the skirt. 



busy (biz'i), adj. earnestly or closely 
employed ; bustling ; diligent ; of- 
ficious ; meddlesome : v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. busied, p.pr. busying], to keep 
constantly engaged; occupy one's 
self actively. 

busybody (biz'i-bod-i), n. [pi. busy- 
bodies (-iz)], a meddling, officious 
person. 

butcher (booch'er), n. one who 
slaughters animals for food ; one 
who delights in slaughter : v.t. to 
slaughter for food ; to murder in a 
barbarous manner. 

butcker-bird (herd), n. a name 
given to various shrikes, from their 
habit of suspending their slaughtered 
prey upon thorns. 

butchery (booch'er-i), n. the busi- 
ness of slaughtering cattle; bar- 
barous murder. 

butler (but'ler), n. a manservant in 
a household who has the care of the 
plate, wines, &c. ; the chief servant 
in a large household. 

butt (but), n. a push or thrust de- 
livered by the head of an animal ; a 
thrust in fencing : v.t. to strike by 
thrusting the head against. 

butt (but), n. the extremity of a 
thing ; the thicker end of anything ; 
a target ; a rifle or gunnery range ; 
a goal ; a limit ; the thickest part of 
tanned ox-hides; an object of ridi- 
cule. 

butt (but), n. a large cask of 117 
gals, of Lisbon wine, or 108 gals, 
of beer. 

butte (but), n. an abrupt isolated hill 
or ridge. 

butter (but'er), n. an oily, unctuous 
substance obtained from cream or 
milk by churning ; any substance of 
butter-like consistence ; gross flat- 
tery : v.t. to spread or smear with 
butter ; to flatter grossly. ^ 

butter-bird (-herd), n. the rice-bunt-' 
ing. 

buttercup (-kup), n. a plant bearing 
yellow cup-shaped flowers. 

butter-fingers (-fing'gerz), n.pl, 
one who lets a ball slip through his 
fingers. 

butterfly (but'er-fli), n. [pi. butter- 
flies (-fliz) ], a general name for any 
species of diurnal lepidopterous in- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



Imt 



149 



bya 



sects; a gay, showily-dressed, tri- 
fling person. 

bntterine (-in), h. an imitation but- 
ter. 

buttermilk (but'er-milk), n. whey 
separated from the cream in butter- 
making. 

butternut (but'er-nut), n. the fruit 
of a North American tree allied to 
the walnut. 

buttery (but'er-i), n, [pi. butteries 
(-iz)], an apartment in which pro- 
visions, wines, &c., are kept ; a room 
in some colleges where liquors and 
provisions are kept for sale. 

butting (but'ing), n. an abuttal; a 
boundary. 

buttock (but'ok), n. the rump or pro- 
tuberant hinder part of a man or 
animal [used usually in the pi.'] ; 
the convex part of a ship under the 
stern. 

button (but'n), n. any small rounded 
object used to secure different parts 
of a garment, or attached for orna- 
ment ; something resembling a but- 
ton ; the knob at the end of a foil ; 
a ball of gold, «&c., worn on the hats 
of Chinese officials to indicate their 
rank : pi. young mushrooms ; a page 
boy : v.t. to fasten or furnish with 
buttons. 

buttonliole (but'n-hol), n. a small 
bouquet worn in the coat : v.t. to de- 
tain in conversation against the 
will ; bore. 

buttonwood (-wood), n. the plane- 
tree. 

buttress (but'res), n. masonry or 
brickwork built on to an outside 
wall to afford support ; a support : 
v.t. to support by a buttress; prop. 



butyrate (bti'ti-rat), n. a salt of 
butyric acid. 

butyric (bu-tir'ik), 0(f/. pertaining 
to or derived from butter. 

butyric acid (as'id), n, a colorless 
liquid obtained from butter : it is 
present also in cod-liver oil and in 
sweat glands. 

buxom (buk'sum), adj. cheerful; jol- 
ly ; robust ; plump and comely. 

buy (bi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. bought, 
p.pr. buying], to acquire by paying 
an agreed price ; purchase ; bribe. 

buyer's option (bi'erz op'shun), n. a 
purchaser's privilege of taking an 
agreed amount of stock within a cer- 
tain period. 

buzz (buz), n. a continuous humming 
noise, as of bees ; a confused or 
blended murmur, as of many voices ; 
a whispered report or rumor : v.i. to 
make a low humming sound ; speak 
with a low humming voice : v.t, 
spread secretly. 

buzz-sa-w (-saw), n. a circular saw. 

buzzard (buz'erd), n. the name of 
several species of hawks; a stupid, 
dull fellow. 

buzzingly (-li), adv. with a hum- 
ming sound. 

bye (bi), n. a run scored at cricket 
when the ball passes the wicket 
keeper and long-stop, and has not 
been struck by the batsman ; a goal 
at football. 

by-lavr (-law), n. a private law or 
statute framed by a corporate body. 

by-word (bi'werd), n. a proverb; 
nickname; an object of derision. 

Byzantine (biz-an'tin), adj. of, or 
pertaining to, Byzantium (Constan- 
tinople), the ancient capital of the 
Eastern Roman Empire. 



"^ ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
^ book; hiie, hut; think, it/ien. 




8ab (kab), n. a public carriage with 
four or two wheels, drawn by one 
horse ; the shelter for the driver of 
a locomotive : v.t. ip.t. & p.p. cabbed, 
p.pr. cabbing], to pass over in a 
cab : as, to cab the distance. 

cabal (ka-bal'), n. a secret combina- 
tion of a few persons for carrying 
out some specific design ; an in- 
trigue : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. caballed, 
p.pr. caballing], to unite in secret 
with others to effect some design. 

cabala (kab'a-la), n. a secret science 
of the Jewish rabbins to interpret 
the hidden meaning of the Penta- 
teuch ; esoteric doctrine. 

cabalism (kab-al'izm), n. occult doc- 
trine. 

cabalist (kab'al-ist), n. one versed 
in the Jewish cabala ; an occultist. 

caballero (ka-ba-la'ro), n. a Spanish 
knight or gentleman; a stately 
Spanish dance. 

cabaret (kab'a-ret), n. originally an 
ale house or tavern; now, a place of 
refreshment where dancing and sing- 
ing are provided. 

cabbage (kab'aj), n, a well-known 
vegetable; v. t. to appropriate to 
one's own use. 

cabega (ka-ba'sa), n. the finest qual- 
ity of Indian silk. 

cabin (kab'in), n. a small hut, cot- 
tage, or room ; a room in a ship for 
officers or passengers : v.t. to confine 
in a cabin : v.i. to live in a cabin, 

cabinet (kab'in-et), n. a small apart- 
ment ; a private room ; a piece of 
furniture to hold objects of vertu, 
&c. ; a cabinet photograph ; a delib- 
erative committee of the principal 
members of the Ministry. 



cabinet picture (pik'tur\, n. a val- 
uable picture of small dimensions. 

cable (ka'bl), n. a large strong rope 
or chain ; a submarine telegraph 
line ; a molding resembling a cable ; 
a measure of distance = 100 to 140 
fathoms : v.t. to fasten with a cable ; 
transmit by telegraph cable. 

cablegram (ka'bl-gram), n. a mes- 
sage sent by a submarine cable. 

cabocbon (kab'oo-shon), n. a pre- 
cious stone polished but not faceted. 

caboose (ka-bo6s'), n. a ship's galley 
or kitchen ; the trainmen's car at- 
tached to a freight-train. 

cabriolet ( kab-ri-o-la' ) , n. a covered 
carriage with two or four wheels 
drawn by one horse. 

cacaine (ka-ka'in), n. the essential 
principle of cario. 

cacao (ka-ka'o), n. a small evergreen 
tree of tropical America and West 
Indies, from the seeds of which 
cocoa and chocolate are prepared. 

cacbe (kash), n. a place of conceal- 
ment for food for future use : v.t. to 
hide (piOvisions) in the ground. 

cacbelot (kash'a-lot & -15'), n. the 
sperm whale, which yields sperma- 
ceti. 

cacbet (ka-sha'), n. a seal. 

cacbinnation (kak-i-na'shun), n, 
loud or unrestrained laughter. 

cacbolong (kash'o-long), n. a milk 
or greyish-white variety of opal ; 
pearl opal. 

cacbou (ka-shoo'), w. a pill for sweet- 
ening the breath. 

caciqne (ka-sek'), n. the name or 
title of the aboriginal chiefs of the 
West Indies and some parts of 
South America. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

150 



eac 



151 



eal 



cackle (kak'l), v.i. to cry like a hen 
or goose : specifically used of the cry 
made by a hen which has laid an 
egg ; giggle ; prattle : n. the cry of 
a hen or goose ; silly talk. 

cacophonous (ka-kof'o-nus), adj. 
discordant. 

cactus (kak'tus), n. [pi. cacti ('ti) & 
cactuses (-eL,)], a spiny fleshy plant 
with showy flowers. 

cad (kad), n. a vulgar, ill-bred fel- 
low ; an omnibus conductor. 

cadaver (ka-da'ver), n. a dead body; 
a corpse. 

cadaverous (ka-dav'er-us), adj. r(i- 
sembling a corpse ; pale ; ghastly. 

caddie (kad'i), n, a lad who carries 
golf clubs. 

caddis (kad'is), n. the larva of the 
caddis-fly. 

caddy (kad'i), n. Ipl. caddies ('iz)], 
a small box for keeping tea. 

cade (kad), n. a barrel or cask of 500 
herrings, or 1,000 sprats. 

cadence (ka'dens), n. the full modu- 
lation of the voice in reading or 
speaking ; rhythm ; a musical run 
or trill. 

cadenza (ka-den'za), n. a vocal or 
instrumental flourish. 

cadet (ka-det'), n. a younger son; 
student in a naval or military acad- 
emy. 

cadi (ka'di), n. a Mahommedan judge. 

Cadmean (kad-me'an), adj. of or be- 
longing to Cadmus ; Theban. 

cadmium (kad'mi-um), n. a bluish- 
white ductile metal, resembling tin. 

caducean (ka-du'se-an), a<i;. pertain- 
ing to the caduceus, the winged state 
of Mercury, entwined with serpents. 

caecum (se'kum), n. [pi. caeca ('ka)], 
the blind gut ; a pouch-like appen- 
dage of the large intestine, having 
one end closed. 

Csesarian (se-za're-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to Caesar. 

Caesarian operation (op-er-a'shun) , 
n. a delivery of a foetus by cutting 
through the walls of the abdomen. 

Caesarism (se'zar-izm), n. imperial- 
ism ; absolute rule or government. 

caesium (ses'i-um), n. a rare metal 
associated with rubidium. 

cafe (kaf-a'), n. a restaurant. 

cafPeine (kaf'e-in), w. a bitter alka- 



loid extracted from coffee; theine. 

cage (kaj), n. a box or inclosure fur- 
nished with metal bars for confining 
birds, or other animals ; a contriv- 
ance for raising and lowering men 
in a mine shaft : v.t. to confine in a 
cage ; shut up. 

caique (ka-ek'), n. a skiff or light 
rowing boat used on the Bosphorus. 

cairn (karii), n. a conical heap of 
stones erected as a monument. 

cairngorm (karn'gorm), n. a yellow 
or brown variety of quartz or rock- 
crystal. 

caisson (ka'sun), n. an ammunition- 
wagon or chest; a box filled with 
explosives for firing a mine ; a 
water-tight box or casing used for 
building structures in water ; a 
sunken panel in a ceiling ; a struc- 
ture for raising and floating sunken 
vessels. 

caitiff (ka'tif), n, a despicable or 
cowardly wretch : adj. despicable ; 
vile ; cowardly. 

cajole (ka-jol'), v.t. to coax or de- 
ceive by flattery ; wheedle ; cheat. 

cake (kak), n. a small mass of 
dough, sweetened and baked ; a com- 
pressed or solidified mass of any 
substance, especially if thin or flat ; 
a simpleton : v.t. to form into a 
cake : v.i. to consolidate into a hard 
mass. 

calabash (kal'a-bash), n. the fruit 
of the calabash tree of tropical 
America, used when dried as a ves- 
sel for liquids, &e. 

calaboose (kal-a-boos'), n. a jail; a 
lockup. 

calamitous (ka-lam'i-tus), adj. pro- 
ducing, or resulting from, calamity. 

calamity (ka-lam'i-ti), n. [pi. car 
lamities (-tiz) ], any cause that pro- 
duces evil, disaster, or extreme mis- 
fortune ; distress ; affliction. 

calamus (kal'a-mus), n. [pi. calami 
(-mi)], a genus of palms producing 
the rattan canes ; the sweet flag. 

calash (ka-lash'), n. a light carriage 
with low wheels and a folding re- 
movable top ; a hood formerly worn 
by women. 

calcareous (kal-kar'e-us), adj. of thd 
nature of, or containing, lime. 

calcify (karsi-fi). v.t, [p.t. & p.p, 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boo# 
book ; hue, hut ; think, tAen. 



eal 



152 



cal 



calcified, p.pr. calcifying], to con- 
vert into lime : v.i. to become strong 
by conversion into lime. 

calcimine (kal'si-min), n. white or 
tinted wash for walls or ceilings. 

calcination (kal-si-na'shun), n. the 
act or process of reducing to powder 
by heat. 

calcine (kal-sin'), v.t. to reduce a 
substance to powder by heat ; oxi- 
dize : v.i. to undergo calcination. 

calcite (kal'sit), n. crystallized car- 
bonate of lime. 

calcium (kal'si-um), n. the metallic 
base of lime. 

calcium carbide (kar'bid), n. a 
compound of quicklime and carbon, 
from which acetylene is generated 
by subjecting it to the action of 
water. 

calcograpliy (kal-kog'ra-fi), n. the 
art of drawing with colored chalks 
or pastels. 

calc-spar (kalk-spar), n. a crystal- 
line carbonate of lime or calcite. 

calculary ( kal'ku-ler-i ) , acZ;. pertain- 
ing to, or of the nature of, calculi. 

calculate (kal'ku-lat), v.t. to com- 
pute ; ascertain or determine by any 
process of reasoning ; estimate : v.i. 
to make a computation ; suppose or 
think. 

calculation (kal-ku-la'shun), n. the 
art of reckoning by numbers; com- 
putation ; something deduced by rea- 
soning or inference ; estimate ; opin- 
ion. 

calculative (kal'kii-la-tiv), adj. tend- 
ing to calculate. 

calculator (karkti-la-ter), n. one 
who, or a machine that, computes or 
reckons. 

calculous (kal'ku-lus), adj. stony; 
gritty. 

calculus (karku-lus), n. [pi. calculi 
(-11)], a stony concretion in the 
body ; one of the higher branches of 
mathematics ; the differential calcu- 
lus. 

caldera (kal-da'ra), n. a deep cal- 
dron-like cavity on the summits of 
extinct volcanoes. 

caldron. See cauldron. 

calendar (kal'en-der), n. a register 
of the days, weeks, and months of 
the year, &c. ; a register or list ; a 



list of criminal causes arranged for 
trial : v.t. to register or place on a 
list. 

calendar month, (munth), n. a solar 
month reckoned according to the 
calendar, as distinguished from the 
lunar month. 

calender (kal'en-der), n. a machine 
consisting of heated rollers, used for 
smoothing and glazing paper or 
cloth : v.t. to press in a calender. 

calends (kal'endz), n.pl. in the Ro- 
man calendar, the first day of each 
month. Also kalends. 

calenture (kal'en-ttir), a violent 
fever affecting sailors in hot lati- 
tudes. 

calf (kaf), Qi. Ipl. calves (kavz)], a 
young bovine quadruped, especially 
of the cow ; the young of certain 
marine mammalia, as the whale ; 
leather made from the skin of a 
calf ; a small island, or iceberg near 
a larger one ; a stupid or silly per- 
son ; the thick fleshy part of the leg 
behind. 

caliber (kal'i-ber), n. the diameter 
of a cylindrical body ; mental ca- 
pacity. 

calibrate (kal'i-brat), v.t. to deter- 
mine the caliber of ; graduate, 

calibration (kal-i-bra'shun), n. the 
act of calibrating. 

calicle (kal'i-kl), n. a small cup- 
shaped cell. 

calico (kal'i-ko), n. [pi. calicoes & 
OS (-koz)], white or unprinted cot- 
ton cloth. 

caligraph. (kal'i-graf), n. a form of 
typewriter. 

caligraphy (ka-lig'ra-fi), n. callig- 
raphy. 

calipash (kal'i-pash), n. the part of 
a turtle belonging to the u,pper shell, 
inclosing a dull greenish gelatinous 
substance. , ^ 

calipee (kal'i-pe), n. the part of a 
turtle belonging to the lower shell, 
inclosing a light yellow gelatinous 
substance. 

calipers (kal'i-perz), n.pl. compasses 
for measuring the diameters of cylin- 
drical bodies. 

caliph (kar or ka'lif), n. a title of 
the successors of Mohammed. Also 
calif. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, *7ien. 



•al 



153 



cal 



ealipliate (kal'i-fat), n. the office, 
dignity or government of a caliph. 

ealisthenic (kal-is-then'ik), adj. per- 
taining to calisthenics. 

calisthenics (kal-is-then'iks), n.pl. 
the art of promoting health by phys- 
ical exercise ; simple gymnastics. 

calk or caulk (kawk), v.t. to drive 
oakum into the seams of (a ship). 

calk (kawk), v.t. to copy (a drav^- 
ing) by covering the back with 
J chalk or lead, and trace over the 
lines with a style for transfer. 

calk (kawk), n. that part of a horse- 
shoe which projects downward to 
prevent slipping ; a semi-circular 
piece of iron nailed to the heel of a 
boot : v.t. to furnish with a calk. 

call (kawl), v.t. to summon from, or 
invite to, any place ; convoke judi- 
cially or officially ; designate for an 
office ; name ; characterize as ; ex- 
hort ; utter in a loud voice ; rouse 
from sleep : n. a summons or invi- 
tation ; a request or command ; a 
short visit ; the cry or note uttered 
by certain animals ; a demand for 
payment due on shares ; the option 
of claiming stock at a certain time 
at a stipulated price. 

calligraph (kal'i-graf), n. a speci- 
men of elegant penmanship. 

calligrapker (kal-lig'ra-fer), or 
calligrapkist (-fist), n. one skilled 
in hand-writing. 

caliigrapliy (kal-lig'ra-fi), n. ele- 
gant or beautiful writing. 

calling (kawl'ing), n. the act of 
summoning ; a summons or invita- 
tion ; a vocation, trade or profes- 
sion; the state of being divinely 
called (II Pet. i. 10). 

callityping (kal'i-tl-ping), n. the 
process of producing plates for 
printing purposes by means of type- 
writing and photo-engraving. 

callosity (kal-os'i-ti), 11. [pi. callosi- 
ties (-tiz)], the state or quality of 
being hardened ; a callus. 

callous (kal'us), adj. hardened; in- 
sensible. 

callo-w (kal'o), adj. unfledged. 

iQallus (kal'us), n. \_pl. calli (-1)], the 
hardening of the skin from pres- 
sure; bony matter which unites the 
ends of fractured bones. 



calm (kam), adj. tranquil; still; un- 
disturbed : n. stillness ; serenity : v.t, 
to quiet ; still ; pacify : v.i. to be- 
come calm (with down). 

calomel (kal'o-mel), n. mercurous 
chloride: used as a purgative medi- 
cine. 

caloric (ka-lor'ik), adj. pertaining 
to heat. 

caloricity (kal-6-ris'i-ti), ti. the pow- 
er in animals of developing and 
maintaining heat. 

calorie (kal'o-re), n. the unit of heat 
(metric system) to express the 
amount of heat required to raise one 
kilogramme of water from 0° to 1° 
centigrade. Also calory. 

calorif acient (ka-lor-i-fa'shi-ent) , 
adj. heat-producing : said of food- 
stuffs. 

calorific (kal-o-rif'ik), adj. heating. 

calorification ( ka-lor-i-fi-ka'shun ) , 
n. the production of heat. 

calorific rays (raz), n.pl. the invisi- 
ble heating rays emanating from 
tl e sun and heated bodies. 
j calorimeter (kal-o-rim'i-ter), n. an 
I apparatus for measuring heat pro- 
I duced or given off by a body. 
; calorimetry (kal-o-rim'i-tri), n. 
art or process of determining 
amount of heat contained in 
given off by, bodies. 

calorimotor (kal-o-ri-mo'ter), n. a 
galvanic apparatus for producing 
heat in a short external circuit. 

calotte (ka-lof), n. a plain skull-cap 
of satin, &c. ; a cap or hood on the 
heads of certain birds. 

calotype (kal'o-tip), n. a photo- 
graphic process in which the image 
is received on paper prepared with 
iodide of silver. Also called talbo- 
type, from the name of the inventor. 

caltrop (kal'trop), n. an iron in- 
strument with four spikes, placed in 
ditches, &c., to hinder the advance 
of troops ; a name for various plants 
with prickly fruit. 

calu3net (kal'u-met), n. the tobacco- 
pipe of the North American Indians, 
smoked as a symbol of peace, or to 
ratify treaties. 

calumniate (ka-lum'ni-at), v.t. to 
accuse falsely and maliciously : v.L 
to utter calumnies. 



the 

the 

or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
boc^; hue, hut; think, tliQiu 



sal 



154 



calumniation ^ka-lum-ni-a'shun), n. 
the act of calumniating. 

calumnious (ka-lum'ni-us), adj. 
slanderous ; defamatory. 

calumny (karum-ni), n. [pZ. calum- 
nies (-niz)3, a false accusation ;' a 
slander. 

Calvary (kal'va-ri), n. the place 
where Christ was crucified ; in Ro- 
man Catholic countries a representa- 
tion of the crucifixion erected in the 
open air. 

calve (kav), v.i. to bring forth a 
calf ', become detached from : said of 
glaciers when icebergs break off 
from them. 

Calvinism ( kal'vin-izm ) , n. the doc- 
trines of John Calvin [1509-64], the 
French theologian and reformer, es- 
pecially those relating to predestina- 
tion and election. 

Calvinist (kal'vin-ist), n. one who 
holds the doctrines of Calvin. 

Calvinistic (kal-vin-is'tik), adj. per- 
taining to Calvin or his doctrines. 

calx (kalks), n. [pi. calxes (kalk'- 
sez), or calces (kal'sez)], lime or 
chalk ; the residuum of a metal left 
after calcination. 

calyx (ka'liks), n. \_pl. calyxes (ka'- 
lik-sez), calices (kal'i-sez)], the 
whorl of a flower. 

cam (kam), n. a projecting part of a 
wheel or other moving piece of ma- 
chinery for imparting an eccentric 
or alternating motion. 

camber (kam'ber), n. a convexity on 
an upper surface ; a piece of timber 
thus bent ; a small dock for unload- 
ing timber : v.t. to curve or bend ; 
arch. 

camljer-window (-win'do), n. a 
window arched at the top. 

cambist (kam'bist), n. one who deals 
in notes or bills of exchange ; a 
money-changer. 

cambium (kam'bi-um), n. the forma- 
tive layer of cellular tissue which 
lies between the young wood and the 
bark of exogenous trees. 

cambrasine (kam'bra-zen), n. a fine 
kind of cambric; batiste. 

cambric (kam'brik), n. a very fine 
thin linen : adj. pertaining to, or 
made of, cambric. 



cambric-muslin (-muz'lin), n. a 
fine cotton imitation of cambric. 

came, p.t. of come. 

camel (kam'el), n. a large ruminant 
quadruped, of which there are two 
species, the Arabian came! or drome- 
dary, with a single hump, and the 
Bactrian camel, with two humps ; a 
water-tight structure placed beneath 
a vessel to raise and float it over a 
shoal or bar. 

Camellia (ka-mel'i-a), n. a genus of 
Asiatic evergreen shrubs, cultivated 
for their beautiful rose-like flowers 
and shining foliage. 

camelopard (ka-mel'o-pard & kam'- 
el-o-pard), n. the giraffe. 

camelry (kam'el-ri), n. Vpl. camel- 
ries (-riz)], troops mounted on 
camels ; a camel corps ; a place for 
loading or unloading camels. 

cameo (kam'e-o), n. a precious stone 
^i* shell on which figures are en- 
graved in relief. 

camera (kam'er-a), n. \_pl. cameras 
(-az)], a camera obscura, especially 
that employed in photography. 

camera lucida (loo'si-da), n. an 
optical instrument for reflecting dis- 
tant objects on paper by means of a 
solid glass prism. 

camera obscura (ob-skii'r§.), n. a 
darkened chamber or box in which, 
by means of lenses, external objects 
are exhibited on paper, glass, &c. 

camomile (kam'6-mil), n. a plant of 
the genus Anthemis, whose flowers 
have a bitter aroma,tic taste, and 
are largely used as a medicine. 

camp (kamp), n. the ground occupied 
by an army at rest, with tents, huts, 
&c. ; an encampment : v.i. to live in 
a camp ; encamp. 

camp-meeting (-met'ing), n. an 
outdoor religious gathering. 

camp-stool (-stool), n. a. folding 
stool or seat. 

campaign (kam-pan'), n. an open 
tract of land ; the period during 
which an army carries on active 
operations in the field : v.i. to serve 
in a campaign. 

campanile (kam-pa-ne'le), n. [pk 
campaniles ('lez)], a bell-tower de- 
tached from the body of a church. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon^ 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 




Copyright, Underwood & Underwood. 

CANADIAN SCENES. 
1 Grain field, Manitoba. 2. Timber, Saskatchewan. 3. Fishing Village, New- 
foundland. 4. Coal Mines, Nova Scotia. 5. Parliament Building, Ottawa. 



155 



eaa 



campanology (kam-pa-noro-ji), n. 
the principles or art of bell-ringing, 
bell-founding, &c. 

caxnpanulate (kam-pan'yu-Iat), adj. 
bell-shaped. 

campeacliy -wood (kam-pech'i 
wood), n. another name for logwood. 

campliene (kam-fen'), n. rectified oil 
of turpentine. Also camphine. 

caxnplior (kam'fer), n. a volatile aro- 
matic whitish substance, obtained 
from various trees and plants of 
Eastern Asia. 

camplior-tree (-tre), n. a species of 
laurel yielding the camphor of com- 
merce. 

campliorate (kam'fer-at), v.t. to 
saturate or treat with camphor. 

camwood (kam'wood), n. a red dye- 
wood. 

can (kan), v.i. [p.t. could], to be 
able ; possess power physically, mor- 
ally, or mentally (used as an auxil- 
iary verb). 

can (kan), n. a metal vessel of small 
size, for holding liquids or preserv- 
ing solids : v.t, [p.t. & p.p. canned : 
p.pr. canning], to put up in cans for 
preservation. 

Canadian balsam (bawl-sum), n. a 
resin obtained from a species of fir. 

canaille (ka-nal'), n. the lowest or- 
ders of the populace. 

canal (ka-nal'), n. an artificial navi- 
gable waterway ; a duct or tube for 
the passage of fluids ; a channel or 
groove. 

canard (ka-nard', French ka-nar'), n. 
an absurd story or report ; a hoax. 

canary (ka-na'ri), n. a light wine; a 
pale or bright yellow color ; a small 
singing bird with yellow plumage, a 
aative of the Canary Islands : adj. 
bright yellow. 

«;ancan (kan'kan), n. a vivacious and 
indelicate French dance. 

cancel (kan'sel), v.t. [p.t.&c p.p. can- 
celed, p.pr. canceling], to deface 
writing by drawing lines across it ; 
annul ; strike out common factors : 
n. the part of a book deleted and re- 
printed before publication. 

cancer (kan'ser), n. a genus of crus- 
taceans, including the crabs ; one 
of the twelve zodiacal signs, the 



sign of the summer solstice ; a ma- 
lignant tumor or growth. 

cancerate (kan'ser-at), v.i. to grow 
into a cancer. 

cancerous (kan'ser-us), adj. like a 
cancer ; affected with cancer. 

cancrine (kang'krin), adj. having 
the form or qualities of a crab. 

cancroid (kang'kroid), adj. resem- 
bling a cancer. 

candelabrum (kan-de-la'brum), n, 
[pi. candelabra ('bra)], a lamp- 
stand ; an ornamented branched can- 
dlestick. 

candent (kan'dent), adj. glowing 
with a white heat. 

candescence (kan-des'ens) , n. a state 
of glowing. 

candid (kan'did), adj. honest; out- 
spoken ; sincere ; free from undue 
bias ; open ; fair. 

candidate (kan'di-dat), n. one who 
offers himself, or is proposed by oth- 
ers, to fill some office : v.i. to become 
a candidate. 

candidature (kan'di-dat-ttir), n. the 
state of being a candidate. 

candied (kan'did), p. adj. preserved 
or incrusted with sugar. 

candle (kan'dl), n. a cylindrical body 
of tallow, wax, or other fatty ma- 
terial, inclosing a wick of cotton, 
and used to furnish light. 

candle-po"wer (-pou'er), n. the il- 
luminating power of a candle taken 
as a unit in determining the lumi- 
nosity of any flame. 

Candlemas (kan'dl-mas), n. the 
feast of the Purification of the Vir- 
gin Mary (Feb. 2nd). 

candor (kan'der) , n. openness ; 
frankness. 

candy (kan'di), n. a solid confection 
of sugar, combined with flavoring or 
coloring substances : v.t. Vp.t. & p.p. 
candied, p.pr. candying], to conserve 
with sugar ; incrust with crystals : 
v.i. to become candied. 

candytuft (kan'di-tuft), n. a plant 
bearing tufted flowers, originally 
from Candia. 

cane (kan), n. the stem of certain 
palms, grasses, and other plants, as 
the bamboo, sugar-cane, rattan, &c. ; 
a walking-stick : v.t. to beat with a 
cane; furnish with cane. 



ate, arm, ask. at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



€an 



156 



cane-brake ('brak), n. a thicket of 
canes. 

canella (ka-nel'la), an aromatic and 
tonic bark of a West Indian tree. 

canine (ka-nin'), adj. pertaining to 
dogs ; having the nature or qualities 
of a dog. 

canine teeth (teth), n.pl. two sharp- 
pointed teeth on each side of the 
upper and lower jaws of most mam- 
mals. Also canines. 

canister ( kan'is-ter ) , n. a metal bos 
or case for tea, coffee, &c. ; a cese 
containing shot which explodes when 
fired from a gun. 

canker (kang'ker), n. a cancerous or 
ulcerous disease ; an eating or cor- 
roding agency which causes decay or 
rot ; anything that insidiously cor- 
rodes, corrupts, or destroys : v.t. to 
corrode or corrupt ; infect with poi- 
sonous influence : v.i. to grow cor- 
rupt ; be infected with, or become 
malignant. 

canker-ivorm (werm), n, a cater- 
pillar destructive to trees or plants ; 
something, as sorrow, evil, &c., that 
insidiously destroys one's happiness. 

cankerous (kang'ker-us), adj. cor- 
roding. 

cannabin (kan'a-bin), n. a narcotic 
resin extracted from hemp. 

cannabis (kan'a-bis), n. Indian 
hemp. 

canned (kand), adj. preserved in 
tins. 

cannel-coal (kan'el-kol), n. a hard 
bituminous coal burning with a 
clear bright flame; candle-coal. 

cannery (kan'e-ri), n. [pi. canneries 
(-riz)], an establishment for pre- 
serving meat, fish, &c., in cans her- 
metically sealed. 

cannibal (kan'i-bal), n. a human be- 
ing who eats human flesh ; any ani- 
mal that eats the flesh of its own 
kind : adj. pertaining to, or charac- 
teristic of, cannibalism. 

cannibalism (kan'i-bal-izm) ^ n. the 
act or practice of eating human 
flesh by human beings, or of animals 
by those of like kind. 

cannibalistic "(kan-i-ba-lis'tik), adj. 
characterized by cannibalism. 

cannon (kan'un), n. [pi. cannons 
('unz), or cannon (collectively)], a 



large gun; a piece of ordnance. 

cannonade ( kan-un-ad' ) , n. the act 
of discharging cannon against a 
town, fort, &c. : v.t. to attack with 
cannon or ordnance : v.i. to dis- 
charge cannon. 

cannoneer (kan-un-er'), n. an artil- 
leryman. 

cannoneering (kan-un-er'ing), n. 
the act or art of using the cannon. 

cannot (kan'ot), {can and not), to 
be unable. 

cannnla (kan'u-la), n. a small tube 
for injecting or withdrawing fluids. 

cannular (kan'ti-lar), adj. tubular. 

canny or cannie (kan'i), adj. 
shrewd ; knowing ; cautious ;^ wary ; 
artful ; reasonable ; quiet ; ' easy ; 
safe : adv. in a canny manner. 

canoe (ka-noo'), n. [pi. canoes 
(-nooz')], a light boat of bark, 
hide, or the hollow trunk of a tree; 
any light boat propelled by paddles : 
v.i. [p.t. & p.p. canoed, p.pr. canoe- 
ing], to sail or paddle a canoe. 

canoeist (ka-noo'ist), n. one who 
paddles a canoe. 

canon (kan'un), n. a law or rule in 
general ; a law or rule regarding 
doctrine or discipline enacted by a 
council and confirmed ; the books of 
the Holy Scriptures received as au- 
thoritative by the Christian Church 
(called the Sacred Canon; a cata- 
logue of saints ; one of the largest 
kinds of type ; the part by which a 
bell is hung ; a cathedral dignitary ; 
a bone in a horse's fore leg. 

canon laiv (law), n. rules or laws 
relating to faith, morals, and disci- 
pline that regulate Church govern- 
ment, as laid down by popes and 
councils. 

canon (ka-nyon'), or canyon (kan'« 
yun) , n. a narrow deep gorge having 
more or less perpendicular sides. 

canonic (ka-non'ik), or canonical 
(-al), adj. pertaining to a rule or 
canon ; according to, or established 
by, ecclesiastical laws; belonging to 
the canon of Scripture. 

canonically (-li), adv. in conformity 
with a canon or rule. 

canonicals (ka-non'ik-alz), n.pl, the 
dress prescribed by the canons to be 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



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C&2^ 



worn by a clergyman when officiat- 
ing. 
i caxLonicity (kan-o-nis'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being canonical. 

canonization (kan-on-iz-a'shun), n. 
the act of canonizing. 

canonize (kan'on-iz), v.t. to enrol in 
the catalogue or canon of the saints. 

canonist (kan'on-ist), n. one skilled 
in the study and practice of eccle- 
siastical law. 

canonry (kan'on-ri), n. [pi. canon- 
ries (-riz)], the benefice filled by a 
canon. 

canopy (kan'o-pi), n. {pi. canopies 
(-piz)], a covering fixed above a 
bed, or suspended over a throne or 
dais ; any similar covering ; a decora- 
tive cover above an altar, pulpit, 
niche, &c. : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. canopied, 
p.pr. canopying], to cover with a 
canopy. 

cant (kant), v.i. to speak in a whin- 
ing voice, or with an affected or 
hypocritical tone ; make whining 
pretensions to goodness ; to use the 
conventional phraseology of a par- 
ticular sect, party, &c. : n. a whin- 
ing manner of speech ; the speech af- 
fected by those soliciting alms ; the 
jargon or slang spoken by thieves, 
gipsies, beggars, &c. ; the words and 
phrases characteristic of a certain 
party, sect, &c. ; the employment of 
certain phrases and form3 of speech 
without sincerity, especially the as- 
sumption of a religious character or 
the hypocritical use of sacred words : 
adj. of the nature of cant. 

cant (kant), n. an external angle; 
an inclination from the level ; a sud- 
den jerk producing a change in di- 
rection : v.t. to incline ; tilt ; give a 
fresh direction to ; cut off an angle 
of. 

can't (kant),»a colloquial contraction 
of can not. 

cantaliver (kan'ta-liv-er). Same as 
cantilever. 

cantaloupe (kan'ta-loop), n. a va- 
riety of musk-melon of delicate 
flavor. 

cantankerous (kan-tang'ker-us), 
adj. ill-tempered ; cross-grained ; con- 
tentious. 

cantata (kan-ta'ta), n. a short choral 



composition in the manner of ais 
oratorio ; a poem or story set to 
music. 

cantatrice (kan'ta-tres, Italian kan- 
ta-tre'cha), n. a female singer, es- 
pecially one who sings in operas. 

canteen (kan-ten'), n. a kind of shop 
in barracks or camp where liquor& 
and provisions are sold ; a vesse; 
used by soldiers for carrying water 
or liquor when on the march ; a bos 
containing mess utensils, &q.^ for 
officers when on foreign service. 

canter (kan'ter), n. an easy gallop; 
a Canterbury gallop : v.i. to move iii 
an easy gallop : v.t. to cause to can- 
ter. 

canterbury (kan'ter-ber-i), n. ?, 
stand with divisions for holding 
music, &c. 

cantharides (kan-thar'i-dez), n.pl. & 
preparation of Spanish flies used 
for blistering. 

canthus (kan'thus), n. [pi. canthi 
('thi) ], the angle made by the meet- 
ing of the eyelids. 

canticle (kan'ti-kal), n. a song; one 
of the non-metrical hymns of the 
Bible arranged for chanting in 
church service : pi. the Song of 
Songs, or Song of Solomon. 

cantilever (kan'ti-lev-er) , n. a 
bracket or block projecting from the 
wall of a house, to support a bal- 
cony, cornice, &c. ; one of two arms 
projecting from opposite banks serv- 
ing to form a bridge : adj. construct- 
ed on the principal of a cantilever. 

cantillation (kan-ti-la'shun), n. in- 
toning, especially in Jewish syna- 
gogue worship. 

canting (kan'ting), p.adj. affectedly 
pious ; whining. 

canto ( kan'to ), w. [^Z. cantos ('toz)], 
a part of a poem of some length ; the 
highest vocal part in concerted 
music ; soprano. 

canto-fermo (-fer'mo), n. plain 
song. 

canton (kan'ton), n. a district or 
division of a territory ; one of the 
Swiss federal states ; in France, a 
subdivision of an arrondissement ; a 
division of a painting or flag : v.t. to 
divide into districts or parts; to al- 
lot separate quarters to troops. 



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158 



cap 



cantonment (kan-'^on'ment), n. a 
part of a town or ^nf.age allotted to 
a body of troops : in India, a perma- 
nent military station. 

cantoon (kan-toon'), n. a cotton 
stuff having one side satiny, and the 
other corded. 

Canuck (ka-nuk')> n. a Canadian. 
Also Kanuck. 

canvas (kan'vas), n. a coarse heavy 
cloth of hemp or flax, used for tents, 
sails, &c., and also for painting on ; 
sails in general ; a painting : adj. 
made of canvas. 

canvas-back (-bak), n. a North 
American duck, esteemed for the 
delicacy of its flesh. 

cazivass (kan'vas), v.t. to examine; 
sift ; discuss ; solicit ^^otes or opin- 
ions : v.i. to traverse a district for 
the purpose of soliciting votes, in- 
terest> orders, &c. : n. a close inspec- 
tion or scrutiny ; discussion ; a so- 
licitation of votes, interest, orders, 
&c. 

©any (ka'ni), adj. consisting of cane; 
full of canes. 

canyon (kan'yun). Same as caSon. 

canzona (kan-tzo'na) or canzone 
('ne), n. a song or air somewhat 
resembling the madrigal ; an instru- 
mental piece in the style of a mad- 
rigal. 

canzonet (kan-tso-net')* w. a short 
song. 

caontckin or caoutckine (koo'- 
chin), n. an inflammable volatile oil 
distilled from caoutchouc. 

caoutckonc (koo'chook), n. an elas- 
tic gummy substance obtained from 
the milky juice of several tropical 
trees, and much used in the indus- 
trial arts; india-rubber. 

cap (kap), n. a covering for the head, 
usually without a brim; anything 
resembling a cap ; a percussion cap ; 
the top or summit ; a particular 
size of writing-paper : v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. capped, p.pr. capping], to put 
a cap on ; cover with, or as with, a 
cap ; cover the top end of ; com- 
plete; crown; place a cap on the 
head when conferring a university 
degree. 

capability (ka-pa-bil'i-ti), n. the 



quality of being capable : pi. intel« 
lectual attainments. 

capable (ka'pa-bl), adj. receptive; 
susceptible ; having power, skill, or 
capacity ; competent ; legally quali- 
fied. 

capacious (ka-pa'shus), adj. roomy; 
spacious. 

capacitate (ka-pas'i-tat), v.t. to 
make capable ; enablej qualify. 

capacity (ka-pas'i-ti), n. [pi. ca- 
pacities (-tiz)], the power of re- 
ceiving or containing ; the power of 
containing a certain quantity ex- 
actly ; cubic contents ; intellectual 
ability ; legal qualification ; profes- 
sion ; function ; position. 

cap-a-pie (kap-a-pe'), adv. from 
head to foot. 

caparison (ka-par'i-son), n. an or- 
namental covering for a horse ; gay 
or rich clothing : v.t. to cover with 
rich clothing, as a horse ; adorn 
with rich dress. 

cape (kap), n. a covering for the 
shoulders, worn separately or at- 
tached ; a headland. 

caper (ka'per), v.i. to ^kip ; jump r 
n. a frolicsome leap oi spring ; a 
skip ; a prank. 

caper (ka'per), n. a plant, the flower- 
buds of which are pickled and used 
as a condiment under the name of 
capers. 

capful (kap'fool), n. as much as fllls 
a cap ; a small quantity ; a passing 
gust. 

capias (ka'pi-as), n. a writ author- 
izing the arrest of the person named 
in it. 

capillarity (kap-i-lar'i-ti), n. the 
state of being capillary ; capillary 
attraction. 

capillary (kap'il-a-ri & ka-pil'a-ri), 
adj. resembling a hair ; minute ; 
slender ; possessing ta very small 
bore ; pertaining to the capillary 
vessels of the body : n. a tube with 
a small bore : pi. one of the minute 
blood-vessels connecting the arteries 
with the veins. 

capillary attraction (a-trak'shun ) , 
n. the power possessed by porous 
bodies of drawing up a fluid. 

capilliform ( ka-pil'i-f orm ) , adj. 
having the form of a hair. 



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book; hue, hut; think, then. 



eap 



159 



ca^ 



capital (kap'i-tal), adj. affecting the 
head or life ; punishable with death ; 
first in importance ; chief ; princi- 
pal, good, excellent ; first-rate : n. 
the chief city or town in a kingdom 
or state; a capital letter. 

capital (kap'i-tal), n. the sum in- 
vested in any particular business ; 
stock in trade ; stock or resources 
of any kind, moral or physical ; that 
part of wealth which is saved and 
is available for, or employed in, 
future production ; the head or top 
of a column, pilaster, or pillar. 

capitalism (kap'it-al-izm), n. the 
possession of capital, especially its 
concentration in the hands of a 
few ; the power of combined capital. 

capitalist (kap'i-tal-ist), n, one who 
possesses capital. 

capitalization ( kap-i-tal-iz-ii'shun ) , 
n. the act of capitalizing. 

capitalize (kap'i-tal-iz), v.t. to con- 
vert into capital ; compute or real- 
ize the present value of in money, 
as a periodical payment ; print with 
a capital. 

capitally (-li), adv. in a manner in- 
volving the forfeiture of life ; in an 
excellent manner. 

capitate (kap'i-tat), adj. growing in 
a head. 

capitation (kap-i-ta'shun), n. a tax, 
fee, or grant per head. 

Capitol (kap'i-tul), n. the temple of 
Jupiter at Rome, situated on the 
S.W. summit of the Capitoline 
Hill ; the building occupied by the 
United States Congress at Wash- 
ington ; the Senate-house of a State. 

capitular (ka-pit'ti-lar) or capitu- 
lary (-lar-i), adj. pertaining to a 
chapter ; growing in a head : n. a 
statute passed in a chapter, as of 
knights or canons : pi. the body of 
statutes of a chapter or of an ec- 
clesiastical council ; a member of a 
chapter. 

capitulate (ka-pit'u-lat), v.i. to sur- 
render to an enemy on conditions 
agreed upon. 

capitulation (ka-pit-ti-la'shun), n. 
the act of capitulating; the instru- 
ment containing the terms of sur- 
render. 



capitulator (ka-pit'u-la-ter), w. one 
who capitulates. 

caplin (kap'lin), n. a small fish of 
the smelt family, largely used as 
bait forcod. 

capon (ka'pon), n. a castrated cock; 
a cock-chicken castrated for the 
purpose of improving the flesh for 
table. 

caponiere or caponniere (kap-o- 
ner'), n. a covered lodgment; a pas- 
sage from one part of a defensive 
work to another, protected by a par- 
apet. 

capote (ka-pot'), n. a kind of long 
coarse cloak ; a long mantle for 
women. 

caponch (ka-poosh'), n. a monk's 
hood or cowl ; the hood of a cloak. 

capric (kap'rik), adj. pertaining to 
a goat. 

capric acid (as'id*), n. an acid found 
in the butter of cow's and goat's 
milk, cocoanut-oil, &c., united with 
glycerine, and having a smell like 
that of a goat. 

caprice (ka-pres'), n. a sudden im- 
pulse of the mind ; a whim ; a freak. 

capricious (ka-prish'us), adj. char- 
acterized by caprice ; unsteady ; 
fickle. 

capriform (kap'ri-f6rm), adj. hav- 
ing the form of a goat. 

caprin (kap'rin), n. a substance in 
butter giving to it its characteristic 
taste and smell. 

caprine (kap'rin), adj. pertaining to, 
or resembling, a goat. 

capriole (kap'ri-ol), n. a leap of a 
horse made without advancing : v.i. 
to execute a capriole. 

capsicin or capsicine (kap'si-sin), 
n. an alkaloid extracted from sev- 
eral species of Capsicum. 

Capsicum (kap'si-kum), n. a genus 
of South American plants, the pods 
of several species of which are used 
as a condiment (chillies), and when 
dried and ground form cayenne pep- 
per. 

capsize (kap'siz), v.i. to be over- 
turned ; upset : v.t. to turn over or 
upset : n. an lapset or overturn. 

capstan (kap'stan), n. an upright 
drum or cylinder revolving upon a. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon,, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



»ap 



160 



spindle, and worked by bars or 
levers. 

capsular (kap'su-lar), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or of the nature of, a cap- 
sule. 

•capsulated (kap'su-lat-ed), adj. fur- 
nished with, or enclosed in, a cap- 
sule. 

capsule (kap'siil), w. a metallic seal 
or cover for a bottle ; a small en- 
velope of gelatine inclosing a nau- 
seous drug ; a seed-vessel or pod 
which at maturity opens by valves ; 
a small shallow vessel ; a membran- 
ous sac inclosing some part or or- 
gan. 

•captain, (kap'tan, or 'tin), n. one 
who has command of, or authority 
over, others ; a chief ; a commander ; 
in the army, the commander of a 
company ; in the navy, an officer 
commanding a ship of war ; the 
master of a merchant vessel ; the 
head of a team or side ; the chief 
boy in a school. 

•captaincy (kap'tan-si or 'tin-si), n. 
the rankj post, or commission of a 
captain. 

caption (kap'shun), n. a certificate 
of arrest. 

captious (kap'shus), adj. ready to 
catch at faults or take offense ; 
quibbling ; sophistical ; fitted to 
harass or perplex ; carping. 

captivate (kap'ti-vat), v.t. to en- 
slave or hold captive by beauty or 
excellence ; charm or lure ; fasci- 
nate. 

captivation (kap-ti-va'shun), n. the 
act of charming; the state of being 
charmed. 

captive (kap'tiv), adj. made pris- 
oner ; held in bondage ; fascinated ; 
of or pertaining to bondage : n. one 
who is taken prisoner, especially 
one so taken in war ; one held in 
bondage or fascinated. 

captivity (kap-tiv'i-ti), n. the state 
of being held in bondage or con- 
finement ; servitude ; imprisonment. 

captor (kap'ter), n. one who cap- 
tures or takes any person or thing 
by force or stratagem. 

capture (kap'tur), n. the act of seiz- 
ing or taking, as a prisoner or a 
prize ; arrest ; the thing taken : v.t. 



to take or seize by force, surprise, 
or stratagem ; make a prisoner or 
prize of. 

capuchin (kap'ti-shen or -oo-shen'), 
n. a Franciscan monk of the men- 
dicant order : so named from the 
long pointed cowl or capouch worn 
by the members ; a woman's cloak 
and hood. 

caput (kap'ut), n. [pi. capita ('i- 
ta)], the head. 

car (kar), n. a wheeled vehicle, espe- 
cially one having only two wheels ; 
a coach running upon rails ; the bas- 
ket suspended beneath a baljoon to 
contain the aeronaut ; a chariot of 
war or state. 

carack or carrack (kar'ak), n. a 
large round-built vessel formerly 
used by the Portuguese and Span- 
iards in the East Indian and Ameri- 
can trade. 

caracole (kar'a-kol), n. a half turn 
which a horseman makes, either to 
the right or left ; a spiral staircase. 
Also caracol : v.i. to move in a cara- 
cole ; wheel. 

caramel (kar'a-mel),n. burnt sugar, 
used for coloring spirits, gravies, 
soups, &c. ; a kind of sweetmeat. 

carapace (kar'a-pas), n. the upper 
shell of the tortoise, turtle, &c. ; 
the upper covering of the Crustacea. 

carat (kar'at), n. the weight of 3.17 
grains, used for weighing precious 
stones and pearls ; a twenty-fourth 
part, a term used to express the 
fineness of gold used in jewelry; 
thus, gold 22 carats fine contains 22 
parts of pure gold and 2 of alloy 
(copper or silver). Also spelled 
karat. 

caravan (kar'a-van or kar-a-van'), 
n. a company of travelers, mer- 
chants, or pilgrims, associated to- 
gether for mutual security, especial- 
ly when traveling through deserts or 
regions infested by robbers ; a large 
covered wagon or carriage for _ the 
conveyance of traveling exhibitions 
or passengers ; a van. 

caravaneer (kar-a-van-er'), n. one 
who leads the camels, &c., of a 
caravan. 

caravansary (kar-a-van'sa ri), n. 
[pi. caravansaries (-riz)], in the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



tSLT 



161 



East, a kind of inn consisting of a 
large unfurnished building sur- 
rounding a spacious court, where 
caravans rest at night. Also cara- 
vanserai. 

caravel (kar'a-vel) or carvel (kar'- 
vel), n. a name given to several 
kinds of ships, as a small 16th cen- 
tury vessel, used by the Spaniards 
and Portuguese, with broad bows, 
narrow high poop, four masts, and 
lateen sails. 

caraway (kar'a-wa), n. a biennial 
plant with aromatic and pungent 
seeds, used medicinally and as a 
condiment. 

carbazotic (kar-ba-zot'ik), adj. per- 
taining to or composed of carbon 
and nitrogen. 

carbazotic acid (as'id), n. an acid 
obtained by the action of nitric acid 
on^ indigo and other vegetable and 
animal substances : used in dyeing. 

carbide (kar'bid), n. a compound 
of carbon with a metal : formerly 
called a carburet. 

carbide of calcium^ n. calcium 
carbide. 

carbine (kar'bin), n. a short rifle 
adapted to the use of cavalry. Also 
carabine. 

carbineer (kar-bi-ner'), n. a soldier 
armed with a carbine. Also cara- 
bineer. 

carbohydrate (kar-bo-hi'drat), n. 
one of a group of organic com- 
pounds of carbon, hydrogen, and 
oxygen. 

carbobydrous (kar-bo-hi'drus), adj. 
pertaining to, or of the nature of, a 
carbohydrate. 

carbolated (kar'bo-la-ted), adj. im- 
pregnated or treated with carbolic 
acid. 

carbolic (kar-bol'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or derived from, carbon or coal- 
tar. 

carbolic acid (as'id), n. an acid ob- 
tained from coal-tar by distillation : 
largely used as an antiseptic in sur- 
gery, and as a disinfectant. Also 
called phenic acid. 

carbolize (kar'bol-Tz), v.t. to treat 
or impregnate with carbolic acid. 

carbon (kar'bon), n. an elementary 
substance present in all organic 



compounds, and occurring in nature 
in two distinct forms, as the dia- 
mond and graphite. The action of 
heat on vegetable and animal tis- 
sues produces carbon in the form of 
charcoal, lampblack, coke, &c. : v.t^ 
to place carbons in (an arc-lamp). 

carbon-dioxide (-di'oks-id), n. car- 
bonic acid gas. 

carbon-light (-lit), n. a brilliant 
light produced by passing an elec- 
tric current through carbon-points. 

carbon-point (-point), n. the rod 
of an arc-lamp, moved forward by 
clockwork to maintain its position 
to another opposing rod as it is 
burned away. 

carbonaceous (kar-bo-na'shus), adj^ 
pertaining to, consisting of, or con- 
taining carbon. 

carbonate (kar'bon-at), n. a com- 
pound of carbonic acid with a base^ 

carbonated (kar'bon-a-ted), adj, 
combined, or impregnated, witb 
carbonic acid. 

carbonic (kar-bon'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or obtained from, carbon. 

carbonic acid (-as'id), n. (carbon- 
dioxide) a gaseous colorless com- 
pound of carbon and oxygen in th© 
proportion of 12 parts of carbon to 
32 of oxygen. It is a heavy irre- 
spirable gas, and, acts as a narcotic 
poison. 

carbonif erons (kar-bo-nif 'er-us) ^ 
adj. containing or yielding carbon 
or coal. 

carbonization (kar-bo-ni-za'shun) ,. 
n. the process of carbonizing or- 
ganic substances. 

carbonize (kar'bo-niz), v.t. to con- 
vert into carbon by combustion, by 
the action of fire, or an acid. 

carboy (kar'boi), n. a large globular 
bottle of glass, protected by a bas- 
ket-work, used to contain or con-= 
vey corrosive acids. 

carbuncle (kar'bung-kl), n. a beau- 
tiful gem of a deep red color ; an in- 
flammatory tumor, boil, or ulcer. 

carbuncular (kar-bung'kti-ler), adj^ 
pertaining to, or resembling, a car- 
buncle ; red; inflamed. 

carburet, an old form of carbide. 

carburetted (kar'bu-ret-ed), p.adj„ 



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book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



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162 



combined with carbon in the man- 
ner of a carbide. 

carbureter (kar-bu-ret'er), n. a. de- 
vice which mixes vaporized oil with 
air and feeds it to the cylinder of 
a gasoline engine. 

carcase or carcass (kar'kas), n.lpl. 
carcases (-ez)], the dead body of an 
animal ; a corpse ; the decaying re- 
mains of a bulky thing ; the frame- 
work or skeleton of a building, ship, 
&c. ; a perforated shell filled with 
combustibles, used to set fire to 
buildings, ships, &c. 

«arcel-laittp (kar'sel-lamp), n. a 
lamp, the oil in which is raised m^^- 
chanically : used in lighthouses, and 
as a table-lamp. 

carcimology (kar-si-noro-ji), n. that 
department of zoology which treats 
of the Crustacea, as crabs, shrimps, 
&c. 

card (kard), n. a printed piece of 
pasteboard used for various social 
or business purposes ; such a piece 
printed bearing certain devices or 
figures, used for playing games ; a 
short business advertisement in a 
newspaper ; the dial of a mariner's 
compass ; an . instrument for comb- 
ing the fibers of wool, flax, or cot- 
ton, preparatory to spinning . 

card-sliarper (•-shar'per), n. one 
who cheats at cards, and fleeces 
those he traps into playing with 
him. 

Cardaxnine (kar'da-min), n. a genus 
of herbs, which includes the cuckoo- 
flower, &c. 

cardamom (kar'da-mum), n. the 
capsule of several species of plants 
of the ginger family with its aro- 
matic seeds, used medicinally and 
as a condiment. 

cardia (kar'di-a), w. the heart; the 
upper or cardiac end of the stomach 
where the oesophagus or gullet en- 
ters it. 

cardiac (kar'di-ak), adj. pertaining 
to the heart ; stimulating the heart's 
action : n. a medicine which excites 
action in the heart through the me- 
dium of the stomach, and stimu- 
lates the spirits ; a cordial ; stimu- 
lant. 



cardialgia (kar-di-al'ji-a), n. heart- 
burn. 

cardigan (kar'di-gan), n. a knitted 
woolen jacket or waistcoat. 

cardinal (kar'di-nal), adj. chief; 
pre-eminent ; fundamental. 

cardinal (kar'di-nal), n. an ecclesi- 
astical prince ranking in dignity 
next to the Pope; a woraan's short 
cloak with a hood. 

cardinal numbers (num'berz)', n, 
pi. the numbers one, two, three^ 
&c., in distinction from first, sec- 
ond, third, &c., which are called 
ordinal numhers 

cardinal points (pointz), n.pl. N., 
S., E., W. 

cardinal signs (sinz), n.pl. Aries, 
Libra, Cancer, and Capricorn. 

cardinal virtues (ver'tuz), n.pl. 
justice, prudence, temperance, and 
fortitude. 

cardinal- winds (windz), ti.pZ. winds 
which blow due N., S., E., and W. 

carditis (kar-di'tis), n. inflamma- 
tion of the muscular tissue of the 
heart. 

cardol (kar'dol), n. an oily liquid ex- 
tracted from the pericarp of the 
cashew-nut, and used for blistering. 

care_(kar), n. concern; solicitude; 
anxiety ; a burdensome responsibil- 
ity ; caution ; charge or oversight ; 
attention, watchfulness ; an object 
of watchful attention and regard: 
v.i. to be anxious or solicitous ; be 
concerned, troubled, or interested. 

careen (ka-ren'), v.t. to bring (a 
ship) on one side for the purpose 
of calking, cleansing, or repairing : 
v.i. to incline on one side, as a ship 
under press of sail. 

career (ka-rer'), n. a run at full 
speed ; general course of action ; an 
occupation or calling : v.i. to move 
or run rapidly. 

careful (kar'fool), adj. full of care; 
anxious ; attentive ; watchful ; cau- 
tious ; provident, thoughtful. 

carefully (-li), adv. in a careful 
manner. 

caress (ka-res'), n. any act or ex- 
pression of affection ; an embrace : 
v.t. to treat with tokens of affec- 
tion ; bestow caresses upon. 



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163 



caret (ka'ret or kar'et), n. a mark 
C A ) used in writing, or in correcting 
proofs, to indicate the place where 
something is omitted or is to be 
added. 

cargo (kar'go), n. [pi. cargoes 
Cgoz)], the lading or freight of a 
ship. 

Carib (kar'ib) or Caribbee ('i-be), 
n. a native of the Caribbee Islands, 
or one of a tribe inhabiting certain 
regions of Central America and the 
north of South America. 

caribou or cariboo (kar'i-boo), n. 
the North American reindeer. 

caricature (kar'i-ka-tur), n. a pic- 
torial or descriptive representation 
of a person or thing, in which the 
defects or peculiarities are exag- 
gerated so as to produce a ludicrous 
effect ; parody : v.t. to represent in 
a ridiculous or exaggerated style; 
parody; burlesque. 

caricaturist (kar'i-ka-tur-ist), n. 
one who represents others in carica- 
ture, f 

caries (ka'ri-ez), n. decay of bones, 
teeth, or vegetable tissue. 

carillon (kar'i-lon), n. a chime of 
bells diatonically tuned and played 
by hand or machinery ; a simple air 
adapted for playing on a set of 
bells. 

cariole (kar'i-ol), n. a small open 
carriage ; a light covered cart. 

cariosity (ka-ri-os'i-ti), n. the state 
of being carious. 

carious (ka'ri-us), adj. affected with 
caries. 

cark (kark), v.i. to be anxious or 
concerned : v.t. to vex ; load with 
care or grief. 

carl or carle (karl), n. a strong, 
sturdy fellow ; a rustic ; a churl. 

carliue (kar'lin), n. a ship's timber 
running fore and aft from one 
transverse deck-beam to another, 
serving as a foundation for the 
planks of the deck. 

carlock (kar'lok), n. a kind of isin- 
glass made of the sturgeon's blad- 
der, and used in clarifying wine. 

carminative (kar-min'a-tiv), n. a 
medicine, which expels wind and re- 
lieves colic and flatulence : adj. ex- 
pelling wind. 



carmine (kar'mln or 'min), n. the 
essential coloring principle of coch- 
ineal ; a rich crimson pigment. 

carnage (kar'naj), n. slaughter; 
great destruction of life by vio- 
lence ; massacre. 

carnal (kar'nal), adj. pertaining to 
the body, its passions and its ap- 
petites ; animal ; fleshly ; sensual, im- 
pure ; not spiritual, but essentially 
human ; secular. 

carnalism (kar'nal-izm) or car- 
nality (kar-nal'i-ti), n. the state 
of being carnal ; sensuality. 

carnalist (kar'nal-ist), n. a sen- 
sualist. 

carnally (-li), adv. in an animal or 
fleshly manner, 

carnation (kar-na'shun), n. a light 
rose-pink ; flesh color ; the parts of 
a picture in which flesh is repre- 
sented ; a pink. 

carnationed (kar-na'shund), adj. 
having a pink color like that of 
flesh. 

Carney (kar'ni), n. a disease of 
horses, in which the furred condi- 
tion of the mouth prevents eating. 

carnification ( kar-ni-fi-ka'shun ) , n. 
tissue so altered as to resemble 
flesh. 

carnival (kar'ni-val), n. the season 
of rejoicing before Lent : observed 
in Roman Catholic countries ; feast- 
ing or revelry. 

carnivoTous (kar-niv'o-rus), adj, 
eating or feeding on flesh. 

carob (kar'ob), n. an evergreen tree 
which yields a nutritious pod 
known as St. John's-bread. 

carol (kar'ul), n. a song of joy or 
praise, especially one in honor of the 
Nativity : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. -ed, p.pr, 
-ing], to sing in joy; warble: v.t. 
to praise or celebrate in song. 

carotid (ka-rot'id), n. one of the 
two principal arteries, one on either 
side of the neck, which convey the 
blood from the aorta to the head : 
adj. pertaining to the two great 
arteries of the neck. 

carouse (ka-rouz'), n. a feast or fes- 
tival ; a noisy drinking bout or 
revel. Also carousal : v.i. to drink 
heartily and with jollity ; revel. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



car 



164 



carp (karp), v.i. to cavil or find 
fault. 

carp (karp), n. sl fresh-water fish. 

carpal (kar'pal), adj. pertaining to 
the carpus or wrist. 

carpel (kar'pel), n. a simple pistil. 
or one of the parts of a compound 
pistil or ovary of a flower. 

carpenter ( kar'pen-ter ) , n. an artif- 
icer who works in timber and pre- 
pares the woodwork of houses, 
ships, &c. : v.i. to perform car- 
penter's work. 

carpentry (kar'pen-tri), n. the art 
of cutting, framing, and joining 
timber ; work done by a carpenter. 

carpet (kar'pet), n. sl thick woven 
or felted fabric, with a pattern, used 
for covering floors or stairs ; a soft 
covering, resembling carpet : v.t. to 
cover with a carpet ; bring under 
consideration ; reprimand. 

carpet-bag (-bag), n. traveling bag. 

carpet-bagger (-bag'er), n. a politi- 
cal adventurer. 

carpet-knigbt (-nit), n. one upon 
whom the honor of knighthood or 
other distinction has been conferred 
for other than active service. 

carpeting (kar'pet-ing), n. cloth for 
carpets ; carpets in general. 

carriage (kar'ij), n. the act of car- 
rying or transporting ; cost of con- 
veyance ; behavior ; deportment ; a 
wheeled vehicle ; the wheeled stand 
or support of a gun ; the frame- 
work of a wooden staircase. 

carrier (kar'i-er), n. one who, or 
that which, carries or conveys ; one 
whose business is to carry goods 
for hire ; a portion of various ma- 
chines ; a frame for holding photo- 
graphic plates or magic-lantern 
slides. 

carrier-pigeon (-pij'un), n. a va- 
' riety of pigeon trained to convey 
letters, &c. 

carrion (kar'i-on), n. dead or putre- 
fying flesh ; filth ; garbage : adj. per- 
taining to, or feeding on, carrion. 

carrion-croiv (-kro), n. the com- 
mon crow of Europe : also the 
American crow. 

carronade (kar-on-ad'), n. a short 
cannon of large bore for close range, 
formerly used in the navy. 



earron-oil (kar'on-oil), n. linseed- 
oil and lime-water : used as a lini" 
ment for burns. 

carrot (kar'ot), n. the well-known 
plant with an edible root; the root 
itself. 

carry (kar'i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. car- 
ried, p.pr. carrying], to convey from 
one point to another ; bear ; have on 
one's person ; convey by force ; lead ; 
transfer ; accomplish ; gain posses- 
sion of ; extend or continue in time 
or space [with up or back'\ ; ex- 
hibit ; imply ; have in charge or 
conduct ; to take by assault : v.i. to 
act as a bearer ; propel a projectile 
to a distance ; hold the head in a 
particular manner. 

cart (kiirt), n. a carriage for the con- 
veyance of heavy goods ; a light 
two-wheeled vehicle used by trades- 
men, &c. : v.t. to carry or convey in 
a cart. 

cartage (kart'aj), n. the charge 
made for conveyance by a cart; 
the act of caj-ting. 

carte (kart), n. a bill of fare. 

carte blancbe (kart blangsh), a 
blank paper ; a signed sheet of 
paper given to another to be filled 
up as he pleases : hence, uncondi- 
tional terms or authority. 

carte-de- visite ( kart'-de-vi-zet' ) , 
[pi. car tes-de- visite], a photograph 
of a person mounted on a card of a 
size formerly used as a visiting card, 

cartel (kar'tel), n. an agreement be- 
tv^^een hostile states regarding the 
exchange of prisoners ; a challenge 
to single combat. 

cartilage (kar'ti-laj), n. elastic ani- 
mal tissue, forming bone ; gristle. 

cartilaginous (kar - ti-laj'i-nus) , 

adj. pertaining to, or in the form of, 
cartilage; gristly. 

cartograpber, cartographic, car- 
tography, &c. See chartographer, 
&c. 

cartoon (kar-toon'), n. a study or 
design executed on strong paper, 
and of the size to be reproduced in 
fresco or tapestry ; a pictorial 
sketch dealing with a political or 
social subject. 

cartoucb (kar-toosh'), n. a car- 
tridge ; a cartridge-box ; an orna- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ear 



165 



ment in the form of an unrolled 
scroll ; on Egyptian monuments, 
&c., an oval figure containing tbe 
name or title of a sovereign or 
deity. 

cartridge (kar'trij), n. a case of 
cardboard, metal, or other material, 
containing the charge of a firearm. 

caruncle (kar'ung-kl), n. a small 
fleshy excrescence ; the comb or 
wattle of a fowl ; an appendage 
surrounding the hilum of a seed. 

carve (karv), v.t. to form a design; 
shape by cutting ; cut into slices : 
v.i. to exercise the trade of a sculp- 
tor or carver ; cut up meat. 

caryatid (kar-i-at'id), n. a figure of 
a woman in long robes, serving to 
support an entablature. 

cascarilla (kas-ka-ril'a), n. the bark 
of a West Indian shrub, possessing 
aromatic and bitter properties ; the 
shrub itself, from which is obtained 
a white bitter crystalline substance, 
cascarillin. 

case ( kas ) , n. Si covering or recep- 
tacle ; a sheath ; a box with its con- 
tents ; a frame or casing ; a di- 
vided tray for types : 225 sq. ft. of 
crown glass : v.t. to cover with, or 
enclose in, a case. 

case (kas), n. that which happens or 
befalls ; the matters involved in a 
question under discussion or inves- 
tigation; a certain form or instance 
of disease ; a suit or action at law ; 
one of the forms or inflections in 
the declension of a noun, pronoun, 
or adjective, which indicates its 
relation to other words. 

case-harden (kas-hiir'dn), v.t. to 
harden the surface of (as iron) by 
conversion into steel. 

caseic (ka'se-ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or derived from cheese. 

casein (ka'se-in), n. the curd-matter 
of milk, forming the main part of 
cheese. 

casemate (kas'mat), n. a shell-proof 
vault or battery, having embrasures 
for cannon ; a hollow molding. 

casement (kas'ment), n. a hinged 
window-frame made to open out- 
ward ; a compartment between the 
mullions of a window. 

caseous (ka'se-us), adj. cheesy. 



cash (kash), n. money; ready mon- 
ey : v.t. to turn into, or exchange 
for, money. 

cash-book, a book in which a regis- 
ter is kept of money received or 
paid out. 

cashew (ka-shoo'), n. a tree native 
of tropical America which produces 
the cashew-nut, a kidney-shaped 
fruit containing an edible kernel 
from which a caustic oil is obtained. 

cashier (kash-er'), n. one who has 
charge of the money, and superin- 
tends the payments and receipts of 
a bank or trading establishments 
v.t. to dismiss from service or place 
of trust ; discharge. 

cashmere (kash'mer), n. a soft 
woolen fabric for shawls, &c., orig- 
inally made in Cashmere, from the 
downy hair of the wild goat of 
Thibet and the Himalayas ; a soft 
woolen dress fabric made^ in imita- 
tion of real cashmere : adj. made of 
cashmere. 

casing (kas'ing), n. the act of cov- 
ering with or placing in a case ; a 
covering. 

casino (ka-se'no), n. [pi. English 
casinos ('noz), Italian casini ('ne) ], 
a small country house ; a public 
room or building used for social 
meetings, dancing, gaming, &c. 

cask (kask), n. a vessel composed of 
wooden staves, bound by iron hoops, 
for holding liquors ; the quantity, 
contained in a cask. 

casket (kas'ket), n. a small chest or 
box for jewels, &c. ; a costly coffin : 
v.t. to place or preserve in a casket. 

casque (kask), n. a helmet. 

cassation (kas-a'shun), n. abroga- 
tion. 

cassava (kas'a-va), n. a plant of 
tropical America and Africa, culti- 
vated for its tuberous roots, which 
yield a nutritious starch, from 
which cassava-bread and tapioca 
are made. 

cassia (kash'ia), w. 'a genus of legu-: 
minous plants, the leaves of several 
species of which constitute the drug 
senna. 

cassia-oil (-oil), n: oil extracted) 
from cassia-bark and cassia-buds.i 
•Called also oil of cinnamon. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note,, north,^ not ; boonj 
book; hue, hut; think, then.^ 



cas 



166 



caa 



cassimere (kas'i-mer), n. a thin 
twilled woolen cloth, used for men's 
garments. Also casimire, and ker- 
seymere. 

cassinette (kas-i-nef), n. a cloth 
with a cotton warp and a woof of 
very fine wool, or wool and silk. 
Also kerseynette. 

cassiterite (ka-sit'er-it), n. native 
tin dioxide ; the principal ore of tin. 

cassock (kas'uk), n. a long, close- 
fitting vestment worn by clergymen, 
choristers, &c. 

cassowary (kas'o-wa-ri), n. Vpl. 
cassowaries (-riz)], a large bird 
resembling the ostrich, inhabiting 
Australia and the Papuan Islands. 

cast (kast), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. cast, 
p.pr. casting], to throw ; hurl ; shed ; 
direct or turn ; thrown down ; cal- 
culate ; defeat at law ; condemn ; 
form into a certain shape ; assign to 
various actors : v.i. to throw the 
line in angling ; ponder ; to warp or 
twist ; receive form or shape in a 
mold : n. the act of casting ; the dis- 
tance to which a thing may be 
thrown; motion or turn (of the 
eye) ; direction, glance; the form or 
shape ; manner ; appearance ; a 
tinge ; the company of actors to 
whom the parts of a play are as- 
signed. 

cast-iron, or -steel (-irn, or -stel), 
n. iron or steel melted and run into 
molds. 

castanets (kas'ta-nets), n.pl. small 
spooix-shaped shells of hard wood or 
ivory, fastened loosely at the top, a 
pair of which is fastened to each 
thumb and shaken with the fingers 
to beat time. 

castaway (kast'a-wa), n. one who is 
cast away or lost ; a person or ves- 
sel wrecked on an unfrequented 
coast; an outcast; reprobate (I 
Cor. ix. 27) : adj. shipwrecked; re- 
jected. 

caste (kast), one of the artificial or 
hereditary divisions into which 
Hindus are restricted by Brahmin 
religious law. 

castellated (kas'te-la-ted), adj. fur- 
nished with turrets and battle- 
ments, as a castle. 

caster (kas'ter), n. one who, or that 



which casts ; a computor ; a cruet or 
small vessel for holding condiments 
at table ; a small swiveled wheel. 
Also castor. 

castigate (kas'ti-gat), -y.*. to cor- 
rect ; chastise ; punish ; subject to 
severe criticism. _ 

castigation (kas-ti-ga'shun), n. the 

. act of castigating. 

castigator (kas'ti-ga-ter), n. one 
who castigates. 

castigatory (kas'ti-ga-to-ri), adj. 
punitive. 

Castile-soap, a superior kind of 
refined soap, originally made at 
Castile, Spain. 

Gastilian (kas-tiFian), adj. of, or 
pertaining to, Castile. 

casting (kast'ing), n. the action of 
the verb to cast ; the act or process 
of founding or molding ; the process 
of taking impressions of statues, 
medals, «S:c. ; a worm-cast. 

casting-vote (-vot), n. the deciding 
vote of a chairman when the votes 
are equal. 

castle (kas'l, or kas'l), n. a fortified 
residence ; a fortress ; a strong and 
imposing mansion of a noble or 
wealthy person ; one of the pieces at 
chess, called also rook : v.i. to move 
the king two squares to the right or 
left, and bring the castle to the 
square the king has passed over. 

castrate (kas'trat), v.t. emasculate; 
geld ; expurgate ; deprive a flower 
of its anthers: adj. emasculated; 
gelded : n. one who has been 
emasculated ; a eunuch. 

castration (kas-tra'shun), n. the act 
of castrating. 

casual (kazh'u-al), adj. happening 
by chance ; accidental ; occasional ; 
fortuitous : n. one who receives re- 
lief for a night in a parish to which 
he does not belong. 

casualty (kazh'ti-al-ti), n. [pi. casu- 
alties (-tiz)], an accident, especially 
if resulting in bodily injury or death. 

casuist (kazh'ti-ist), n. one skilled in 
casuistry ; one who studies or re- 
solves cases of conscience. 

casuistic (kazh-u-is'tik), or casuis- 
tical (-al), adj. of or pertaining to 
casuistry. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



167 



cat 



casuistry (kazh'u-ist-ri), n. [pi. 
casuistries (-riz)], the science or 
doctrine which deals with cases of 
conscience as determined by theolog- 
ical dogmas or ethical rules ; sophis- 
tical or equivocal reasoning. 

cat (kat), n. a carnivorous animal of 
the family Felidse, especially the 
domesticated quadruped, Felis do- 
mestica ; a cat-fish ; a cat-o'-nine- 
tails ; the game of tip-cat ; a strong 
tackle ; to raise an anchor to the 
cat-head ; a stoutly-built vessel with 
a narrow stern, projecting quarters, 
and a deep waist ; a double tripod 
- which always lands on its feet : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. catted, p.pr. catting], to 
draw up (an anchor) to the cat- 
head. 

cat-block (-blok), n. a two- or three- 
fold block used to cat the anchor. 

cat-boat (-bot), n. a small boat with 
one sail on a mast near the bows. 

cat-harpings (-har'pings), n.pl. 
short ropes or iron clamps used for 
tightening the shrouds. 

cat-o'-nine-tails, n. a whip with 
nine lashes of knotted cord, former- 
ly used as a punishment in the 
English army and navy. 

cat's-eye (-1), n. a hard semi-trans- 
parent variety of quartz. 

cat's-paw (-paw), n. a dupe, from 
the fable of the monkey who used 
the cat's paw to get the roasted 
chestnuts from the fire ; a light air 
that slightly ripples the surface of 
the water. 

catabolism (ka-tab'o-lizm), n. a 
downward series of changes by 
which complex bodies are broken 
down into simpler forms. Also 
katabolism. 

cataclysm (kat'a-klizm), n. a del- 
uge ; flood ; a violent or sudden 
physical change of the earth's sur- 
face. 

catacomb (kat'a-kom), n. a subter- 
raneous burial place with niches 
hollowed out for the dead. 

catacoustics (kat-a-kous'tiks), n. 
that part of the science of acoustics 
which treats of reflected sounds. 

catadioptric (kat-a-di-op'trik), adj. 
refracting and reflecting light. 



catafalque (kat'a-falk), n. a tem- 
porary structure erected, usually in 
a church, to support the coffin of a 
distinguished person on the occasion 
of a ceremonious funeral. 

Catalan (kat'a-lan), adj. of, or per- 
taining to, Catalonia, a former prov- 
ince of Spain, or to its inhabitants 
or language. 

catalepsy (kat'a-lep-si), n. a sud- 
den suspense of voluntary sensa- 
tion. Also catalepsis. 

cataleptic (kat-a-lep'tik), adj. of, 
or pertaining to, catalepsy. 

catalogue (kat'a-log), n. an ar- 
ranged list : v.t. to enter in, or 
make, a catalogue of. 

catalysis (ka-tal'i-sis), n. [pi. ca- 
talyses (-sez)], a decomposition 
and new combination supposed to 
be effected by one substance acting 
upon a compound body, itself re- 
maining unchanged. 

catamaran (kat-a-ma-ran'), n. a 
raft or float propelled by paddles, 
consisting usually of three or more 
logs lashed together, the third or 
middle one being longer than the 
rest : any vessel with twin hulls ; a 
flat-bottomed boat ; a vixen. 

catamount (kat'a-mount), n. the 
wild cat ; the puma, cougar, or 
mountain lion. 

catapbonics (kat-a-fon'iks), n. that 
branch of acoustics which treats of 
the theory of reflected sounds ; cata- 
coustics. 

cataphoric (kat-a-for'ik), adj. pos- 
sessing the power of producing mo- 
tion through a diaphragm : said of 
a liquid, or electric current. 

cataplasm (kat'a-plazm), n. a poul- 
tice. 

cataplexy (kat'a-plek-si) , n. a sud- 
den shock to the nerves causing 
paralysis. 

catapult (kat'a-pult), n. an ancient 
military engine for hurling darts 
and stones ; a forked stick with an 
elastic band by which small mis- 
siles are propelled. 

cataract (kat'a-rakt), n. a large 
w^aterfall ; a furious rush or down- 
pour of water ; a disease of the 
eye in which the crystalline lens 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



cat 



168 



cat 



becomes opaque, and the vision be- 
comes impaired or is lost. 

catarrh ( ka-tar' ) , n. an inflamma- 
tory affection of any mucous mem- 
brane accompanied by increase of 
the mucus, especialy from the nose ; 
a violent cold in the head. 

catarrhal (ka-tar'al), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or produced by, catarrh. 

catastrophe (ka-tas'tro-fe), n. a 
great calamity or disaster ; an 
event subversive of the order of 
things ; the unfolding and winding 
up of a plot ; a cataclysm. 

Catawba (ka-taw'ba), n. a light-red 
variety of American grape ; a light 
v^ine made from this grape. 

catcall (kat'kawl), n. a squeaking 
instrument used in theaters to ex- 
press disapproval : v.t. to express 
disapproval of by a catcall. 

catch (kach), v.t. {p.t. & p.p. caught, 
p.pr. catching], to seize or grasp; 
lay hold of suddenly ; intercept ; 
take captive ; apprehend by the in- 
tellect or senses ; take, by conta- 
gion, infection, or sympathy ; at- 
tack, or communicate to, as a fire ; 
come upon unexpectedly ; come up 
to ; reach in time : n. the act of seiz- 
ing or grasping ; that which is 
caught or taken ; gain ; something 
desirable to be caught; anything 
that seizes or checks motion ; a 
song, the parts of which are caught 
up by different voices. 

catchpenny (kach'pen-i), n. {pi. 
catchpennies (-iz)], an article of 
little value got up attractively to 
effect a quick sale. 

catchup (kach'up), n. a sauce made 
from mushrooms, tomatoes, walnuts, 
&c. Also catsup, ketchup. 

catechetical (kat-e-ket'ik-al), adj. 
consisting of questions and answers. 

catechetically (-li), adv. by way of 
question and answer. 

catechetics (kat-e-ket'iks), n. the 
art or practice of instructing by 
means of question and answer. 

catechin (kat'e-kin), n. a tannic 
acid extracted from catechu. 

catechism (kat'e-kizm), n. an ele- 
mentary manual of instruction in 
the form of question and answer, 



especially in the principles of the 
Christian religion. 

catechist (kat'e-kist), n. one who 
instructs by question and answer ; 
a catechizer. 

catechize (kat'e-kiz), v.t. to instruct 
by means of questions and answers, 
and offering explanations, especially 
to instruct on points of Christian 
dogma ; interrogate or examine. 

catechu (kat'e-ku), n. a brown 
astringent extract used in the arts 
and as a medicine. Called also 
terra japonica and cutch. 

catechumen (kat-e-ku'men), n. one 
who is under religious instruction 
prior to receiving baptism ; a begin- 
ner in the first principles of knowl- 
edge. 

categorical (kat-e-gor'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to a category; absolute; 
unconditional. 

categorically (-li), adv. in a cate- 
gorical manner ; absolutely. 

category (kat'e-go-ri), n. Ipl. cate- 
gories (-riz)], one of the highest 
classes to which the objects of 
knowledge or thought can be re- 
duced, and by which they may be 
arranged into a system. 

cater (ka'ter), v.i. to supply food, 
amusement, &c. [with for and ^o]. 

caterpillar (kat'er-pil'er), n. the 
hairy worm-like larva of a butter- 
fly or lepidopterous insect. 

caterwaul ( kat'er-wawl ) , v.i. to 
cry, as cats at night; to utter harsh 
discordant sounds. 

catfish (kat'fish), n. a fish remark- 
able for its voracity ; bullhead ; pout. 

catgut (kat'gut), n. a kind of cord 
made from the intestines of animals, 
usually sheep, and used as strings 
for musical instruments and some 
other purposes ; a string of this 
kind ; a kind of open canvas. 

cathartic (ka-thar'tik), adj. purga- 
tive : n. a purgative medicine. 

cat-head (kat'hed), n. a beam pro- 
jecting from a ship's bows to which 
the anchor is secured. 

cathedral (ka-the'dral), n. the chief 
church in a diocese in which is the 
throne of a bishop : adj. pertaining 
to a cathedral. 



ate, arnij dsk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, tJi&n., 



cat 



169 



catheter (kath'e-ter), a tubular in- 
strument to withdraw urine from 
the bladder. 

cathiou (kath'i-on), n. the electro- 
positive ion evolved at the cathode 
in electrolysis. 

cathode (kath'od), n. the negative 
pole of a current : opposed to anode. 
^Vritten also kathode. 

catholic (kath'6-lik), adj. universal; 
general ; embracing all ; liberal ; 
large-hearted ; free from prejudice ; 
including all mankind. 

Catholic (kath'o-lik), adj. pertain- 
ing to the Church of Rome : n. a 
member of the Universal or Cath- 
olic Church, or of the Roman 
Church. 

Catholicisni (ka-thol'i-sizm), n. the 
belief of, or adherence to, the Cath- 
olic Church or faith, especially to 
that of the Roman Catholic Church. 

catholicity (kath-ol-is'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being catholic. 

Catholicize (ka-thori-siz), v.f. to 
convert to the Roman Catholic 
Church. 

catkin (kat'kin)., n. the pendulous 
inflorescence of the willow, birch, &c. 

catling (kat'ling), n. a little cat; 
kitten ; the down or moss resem- 
bling cat's hair which grows on cer- 
tain trees. 

catmint (kat'mint), catnip (kat'- 
nip), n. a strong-scented perennial 
herb, much liked by cats. 

catopsis (ka-top'sis), w. morbidly 
keen vision. 

catoptric (ka-top'trik), adj. relating 
to catoptrics. 

catoptric light (lit), n. form of 
light, used in lighthouses, in which 
reflectors are used in the place of 
prisms and lenses. 

catoptrically (-li), adv. by reflec- 
tion. 

catoptrics (ka-top'triks), n. that 
branch of optics which treats of 
the principles of reflected light. 

cattle (kat'l), n. sing. & pi. live 
stock, especially oxen, bulls and 
cows. 

cattle-plague (-plag), n. a popular 
name for the rinderpest. 

Caucasian (kaw-ka'shi-an or kaw- 
kash'i-an), adj. of or pertaining to 



the Caucasus, a mountainous range 
between the Black and the Caspian 
Seas ; of or pertaining to the Euro- 
pean Aryans. 

caucus (kaw'kus), n. a preliminary 
meeting of representatives of a po- 
litical party, to decide upon a line 
of policy to be submitted to a con- 
vention or larger meeting ; a party 
combination for influencing elec- 
tions : v.i. to hold, or meet in, a 
caucus. 

caudal (kaw'dal), adj. pertaining to 
a tail. 

caudate (kaw'dat), adj. having a 
tail ; having a tail-like appendage. 

caudle (kaw'dl), n. a warm drink 
made of wine or ale, spiced or sug- 
ared, and mixed with bread, eggs, 
&c., for sick persons, or for women 
in childbed. 

caught, p.t. & p.p. of catch. 

caul (kawl), n. a net or covering for 
the head ; a small net ; i mem- 
brane covering the lower intes- 
tines ; a part of the amnion or mem- 
brane of the fetus, sometimes inclos- 
ing a child's head at birth. 

cauldron (kawl'dron), n. a large 
kettle or boiler. 

cauliflower (kaw'li-flou-er), n. a 
garden variety of cabbage with an 
edible flowering head. 

caulk. See calk. 

causal (kaw'zal), adj. relating to or 
expressing cause ; creative : n. a. 
word that expresses a cause, or in- 
troduces a reason. 

causally (-li), adv. as a cause. 

causality (kaw-zal'i-ti), n. [pi. caus- 
alities (-tiz)], the relation of cause 
to effect ; the supposed faculty of 
tracing effects to causes. 

causation (kaw-za'shun), n. the act 
of causing or producing ; relation 
between cause and effect. 

causative (kaw'za-tiv), adj. tha 
causes ; effective as a cause ; ex- 
pressing causation. 

cause (kawz), n. that which pro- 
duces or contributes to a result ; a 
reason ; motive ; principle ; subject 
in debate; a side or party; a suit 
or action ; a case for judicial de- 
cision : v.t. to act as an agent in 
producing an effect ; produce. 



i 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; b5on, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



170 



ced 



causeway (kawz'wa), or causey 
('zi), n. a pathway raised and 
paved with stone ; a highway. 

caustic (kaws'tik), adj. burning; 
hot ; corrosive ; sarcastic ; cutting ; 
pungent : n. a substance which 
burns. 

caustic-potasli (pot'ash), n. potas- 
sium hydrate, a white substance act- 
ing as a powerful cautery, much 
used in medicine, the arts, and 

. manufactures. 

'caustic-soda (so'da), n. sodium hy- 
drate, a white solid substance, 
largely used in soap-making. 

caustically (-li), adv. in a caustic 
manner. 

causticity (kaws-tis'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being caustic. 

cauteraut (kaw'ter-ant), n. a cau- 
terizing substance. 

cauterizatiois. ( kaw-ter-i-za'shun ) , 
n. the act of cauterizing. 

cauterize (kaw'ter-iz), v.t. to burn 
or sear with a hot iron, or with 
cauterants. 

cautery (kaw'ter-i), n. {pi. cauteries 
(-iz)], a burning or searing; an in- 
strument or drug used for such a 
purpose. 

caution (kaw'shun), n. heedf ulness ; 
prudence in regard to danger ; 
watchfulness ; an admonition ; some- 
thing to occasion amazement or 
fear : v.t. to warn. 

cautionary (kaw'shun-a-ri), adj. 
containing a caution ; given as a 
pledge or security. 

cautious (kaw'shus), adj. exercising 
caution ; heedful ; wary ; vigilant ; 
circumspect. 

cavalcade (kav-al-kad'), n. a train 
or procession of persons, chiefly on 
horseback. 

cavalier (kav-a-ler'), n. an armed 
horseman, especially a knight or 
gentleman soldier ; a gallant ; a gay 
military man ; a beau or attendant 
upon a lady ; a partisan of Charles 
I. in his struggle with the Parlia- 
ment ; an elevation for cannon with- 
in a bastion : adj. gay ; sprightly ; 
frank ; careless ; haughty ; supercili- 
ous. 

cavalierly (kav-a-ler'li), adv. in a 
haughty or supercilious manner. 



cavallard (kav-al-yard'), a drove of 
horses or mules. 

cavalry (kav'al-ri), n. horse soldiers. 

cavatiua (kav-a-te'na), n, a short 
simple melody. 

cave (kav), n. a hollow place in the 
earth ; a large natural cavity ; a 
den ; cavern : v.t. to hollow out. 

cave-bear (-bar), n. a fossil bear 
belonging to the Quarternary epsch. 

cave-man (-man), n. a man belong- 
ing to the prehistoric race who 
inhabited caves. 

caveat (ka've-at), n. a notice filed 
to stop procedure, except after 
warning to the caveator ; notice of 
intention to apply for a patent. 

cavern (kav'ern), n. a large natural 
hollow under the earth ; a den ; 
cave. 

cavernous (kav'er-nus), adj. hollow 
like a cavern ; filled with small 
cavities. 

caviare (kav-i-ar'), or caviar (-i- 
ar' ) , n. the roes of certain large 
fish, especially the sturgeon, salted 
and dried. 

cavil (kav'il), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. cav- 
iled, p.pr. caviling], to raise cap- 
tious or frivolous objections ; carp 
[followed by at] : n. a captious or 
frivolous objection. 

cavity (kav'i-ti), n. [pi. cavities 
(-tiz)], a hollow place or part. 

cavo-rilievo (ka'vo-re-lia-v6), n. a 
relief in which the highest surface 
only is level with the plane of the 
original stone. Also cavo-relievo. 

cavort (ka-vort'), v.i. to prance 
about, as a horse ; to bustle around 
briskly or eagerly. 

caw (kaw), v.i. to cry like a crow, 
rook, or raven : n. the cry of the 
crow, &c. 

cayenne (ki-en' or ka-en'), n. a kind 
of pepper made from the seeds and 
fruit of various species of the genus 
Capsicum. 

cease (ses), v.i. to come to an end; 
stop ; desist [followed by from be- 
fore a noun] : v.t. to put a stop to ; 
end. 

cedar (se'dar), n. the name of sev- 
eral evergreen trees, having wood 
of great durability and fragrance : 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; bo5n. 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



«ed 



171 



ceit 



adj. pertaining to, or made of, 
cedar. 

cede (sed), v.t. give up or surrender. 

cedilla (se-dil'a), n. a mark placed 
under c to indicate the sound of s, 
as in French legon. 

ceil (sel), v.t. to overlay or cover the 
inner surface of a roof ; furnish 
with a ceiling, 

ceiling (se'ling), n. the inner roof 
of an apartment. 

celandine (sel'an-din), n. the name 
of two perennial plants of the pop- 
py family, the greater celandine and 
lesser celandine. 

celebrant (sel'e-brant), n. one who 
celebrates, especially the principal 
officiating priest in offering mass or 
celebrating the Eucharist. 

celebrate (sel'e-brat), v.t. to praise, 
extol, or honor ; commemorate ; dis- 
tinguish by solemn ceremonies. 

celebration (sel-e-bra'shun), n. the 
act of celebrating ; an observance or 
ceremony to celebrate anything. 

celebrity (se-leb'ri-ti), n. [pi. cele- 
brities (-tiz)], fame; renown; dis- 
tinction ; a renowned person. 

celerity (se-ler'i-ti), n. rapidity; 
swiftness. 

celery (sel'e-ri), n. a plant cultivated 
for a salad and vegetable. 

celeste (se-lesf), n. sky-blue. 

celestial (se-les'tial), adj. of or per- 
taining to the sky or heavens ; 
heavenly ; supremely excellent. 

Celestial (se-les'tial), n. an inhabi- 
tant of heaven ; a native of China. 

Celestial Empire (em'pir), n. 
China. 

celestially (-li), adv. in a celestial 
or heavenly manner. 

celibacy (sel'i-ba-si), n. the state of 
being unmarried ; single life, espe- 
cially that of a bachelor, or one 
bound by vows to an unmarried 
life. 

celibate (sel'i-bat), n. one who is 
unmarried or practices celibacy : adj. 
unmarried. 

cell (sel), n. a small room in a mon- 
astery, convent, or prison ; a small 
or mean place of residence ; a small 
cavity ; a minute mass of contractile 
protoplasm forming the structural 
unit of every organized body ; a sin- 



gle element or jar of a galvanic bat- 
tery ; a small religious house at- 
tached to a monastery or convent; 
the interval between the ribs of a 
vaulted roof. 

cellar (sel'ar), n. a vault for storing 
provisions, wine, fuel, &c. 

cellarage (sel'er-aj), n. cellars; the 
space occupied by cellars ; cellars 
collectively ; charge for storage in 
cellars. 

cello (chel'o), n. [pi. cellos ('6z), 
Italian celli ('le)], a violoncello. 

cellular (sel'ti-lar), adj. formed of 
cells. 

celluloid (seru-loid), n. a compound 
of camphor and gun-cotton, resem- 
bling ivory. 

cellulose (sel'ti-los), or celluline 
(-lin), n. the substance resembling 
and allied to starch which forms cel- 
lular plant tissue : adj. containing 
or composed of cells. 

celt (selt), n. an instrument or 
weapon of stone or metal, resem- 
bling a chisel or blade of an axe, 
found in ancient tumuli. 

Celtic (sel'tik), or Keltic (kel'-), 
adj. pertaining to the Kelts. 

celticism (sel'ti-sizm), or kelticism 
(kel'-), n. a Keltic custom or idiom. 

Celtist (sel'tist),or Keltist (kel'-), 
a student of Keltic antiquities, lan- 
guages, &c. 

cement (se-ment' or sem'ent), n. any 
adhesive substance which makes two 
bodies cohere ; mortar ; a bond of • 
union ; the bony layer which forms 
the outer substance of the fang of a 
tooth : v.t. to unite with cement ; 
unite firmly or closely : v.i. become 
solid. 

cementation (sem-en-ta'shun), n. 
the act of cementing ; a process for 
converting iron into steel, glass into 
porcelain, &c. 

cemetery (sem'e-ter-i), n. [pi. ceme- 
teries (-iz) ], a public burial ground. 

cenobite (sen'o-bit), n. one of a re- 
ligious order living in a convent or 
in community. 

cenotaph, (sen'5-taf), n. an empty 
tomb, or a monument erected in 
honor of a person buried elsewhere. 

censer (sen'ser), n. a covered cup- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 








^exL 



172 



shaped vessel pierced with holes, in 
which incense is burned ; a thurible. 

censor (sen'ser), n. one of two mag- 
istrates of ancient Rome who im- 
posed taxes and regulated the mor- 
als and manners of the community ; 
an official appointed to examine 
books, manuscripts, plays, &c., prior 
to publication or performance to as- 
certain there is nothing immoral or 
offensive in them ; one who censures 
or blames ; a critic ; at Cambridge 
University, a collegiate official sim- 
ilar to a dean. 

censorial (sen-s6'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to a censor ; censorious. 

censorious (sen-so'ri-us), adj. ad- 
dicted to, or expressing, censure ; 
carping ; critical. 

censurable (sen'shur-a-bl), adj. 
blamable. 

censure (sen'shur), n. blame; re- 
proof ; the act of finding fault ; a 
sentence or penalty of an ecclesias- 
tical court : v.t. to find fault with or 
condemn ; criticise adversely. 

census (sen'sus), n. a quinquennial 
registration of the numbers and 
property of Roman citizens for the 
purpose of taxation ; in modern us- 
age, an official enumeration of the in- 
habitants of a country, with details 
of sex, age, occupation, &c., taken 
in the United States decennially. 

cent (sent), n. the 1-lOOth part of a 
dollar. 

cental (sen'tal), adj. pertaining to or 
consisting of a hundred : n. a weight 
for corn =: 100 lb. avoirdupois. 

centare (sang-tar'), n. in the metric 
system, one hundredth part of an 
are ; one square meter. 

centaur (sen'tawr), n. a fabulous 
being, half man and half horse. 

centenarian _( sen-te-na'ri-an ) , adj. 
of, or pertaining to, a centenary or 
of a person a hundred years old : n. 
a person of such an age or older. 

centenary (sen'te-na-ri), n. [pi. cen- 
tenaries (-riz)], the space of a hun- 
dred years ; the commemoration of 
the hundredth anniversary of an 
event : adj. relating to, or consisting 
of, a hundred ; recurring once in a 
century. 

centennial (sen-ten'i-al), ad], con- 



sisting of, or enduring, a hundred 
years ; taking place once in a hun- 
dred years : n. the commemoration 
of a 100th anniversary. 

centennially (-li), adv. once in a 
100 years. 

center (sen'ter), n. the middle point 
of anything ; the nucleus around 
which things are collected ; a title of 
the leaders of certain organizations ; 
the name of certain members of a 
legislative assembly who hold mod- 
erate views and occupy a place be- 
tween the Conservative party on the 
right, and the Radicals on the left; 
the circle or square next to the 
bull's-eye ; a shot which hits such 
a division ; a conical pin, by which 
the work is secured and around 
which it revolves ; troops in a line 
between the wings ; in a fleet, the 
column or division between the van 
and the rear, or between the weath- 
er division and the lee : v.t. to place 
on a center ; collect to a point ; to 
form a recess for the reception of a 
center : v.i. to be placed in the cen- 
ter ; meet in one point or focus. 

center-bit (-bit), n. a carpenter's 
tool turning upon a center for bor- 
ing holes. 

center-board (bord), n. a keel so 
constructed that it may be raised 
within the vessel or lowered at 
pleasure : it is extensively used by 
racing craft. 

center of gravity (of grav'i-ti), n. 
that point of a body through which 
the resultant of all the forces acting' 
upon it in consequence of the earth's 
attraction will pass. 

centering (sen'ter-ing), n. the wood- 
work or timber framing by which 
vaulted work is supported during- 
construction. 

centesimal (sen-tes'i-mal), adj. hun- 
dredth : n. a hundredth part. 

centiare (sen'ti-ar, French sang-ti- 
ar'), n. a centare. 

centigrade (sen'ti-grad), adj. gradu- 
ated or divided into a hundred de- 
grees. 

centigram or centigramme ( sen'- 
ti-gram ) , n. a. measure of weight = 
100th of a gramme (.15432 of a 
grain troy). 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; booUy 
book ; hue, hat ; think, then. 



,„ 



<«en 



173 



cer 



■centiliter (sen'ti-le-tr, French 
sang'-), n. a measure of capacity =: 
the hundredth part of a liter (.6102 
of an inch). 

centime (sang-tem'), n. a small 
French coin == the hundredth part 
of a franc. 

centimeter (sen'ti-me-tr, French 
sang'-), n. a measure of length =: 
100th of a meter (.3937 inch). 

centiped (sen'ti-ped), or centipede 
(-ped), n. the term applied to an 
articulated animal with numerous 
feet belonging to the class Myriap- 
oda, popularly supposed to have a 
hundred feet, whence the name. 

•cento (sen'to), n. [pi. centos ('toz)], 
a literary or musical composition 
formed by selections from various 
authors or composers, and arranged 
in a new order. 

central ( sen'tral ) , adj. relating to, or 
situated in, the center. 

centrally (-li), ddv. in a central 
manner. 

centralism (sen'tral-izm),) n. the 
state or quality of being central ; 
centralization. 

centrality (sen-tral'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being central. 

centralization ( sen-tral-i-za'shun ) , 
n. the act of bringing all local ad- 
ministrations under one central gov- 
ernment. 

centralize (sen'tral-iz), v.t. to draw 
or bring to a center ; bring all ad- 
ministrations under one central gov- 
ernment. 

centre (sen'ter), n. same as center. 

centric (sen'trik), or centrical 
( -al ) , adj. placed in the center ; 
central. 

centricity (sen-tris'i-ti), n. the state 
of being centric. 

centrifugal (sen-trif'ti-gal), adj. 
tending or causing to fly off from 
the center ; radiating from a central 
focus ; expanding first at the sum- 
mit and later at the base. 

centrifugally (-li), adv. from the 
center. 

centrifugence (sen-trif'u-jens), w. a 
tendency to fly off from the center. 

centripetal (sen-trip'e-tal), adj. 
tending or causing to approach the 
center : opposed to centrifugal ; ex- 



panding first at the base and then 
at the summit. 

centripetal rail^^ay (ral'wa), n. a 
railway constructed with a single 
rail to support the carriage, and two 
side^rails to steady it. 

centripetally (-li), adv. in a cen- 
tripetal manner. 

centumvir (sen-tum'ver), n. [pi. 
centumvirs (-verz) ; Latin centum- 
viri ('vi-ri)], one of a body of 105 
Roman judges, appointed annually 
to try civil causes. 

centumvirate (sen-tum'vi-rat), n. 
the office of a centumvir, or the cen- 
tum viri ; a body composed of a hun- 
dred men. 

centuple (sen'tu-pl), adj. hundred- 
fold : v.t. to multiply or increase a 
hundredfold. 

centurion (sen-tti'ri-un), n. a mili- 
tary officer commanding a hundred 
men. 

century (-sen'tti-ri), n. [pi. centuries 
(-riz) ], a hundred ; a hundred years, 
especially of the Christian era ; a 
division of the Roman people ; a 
sub-division of a legion. 

century-plant (-plant), n. a name 
of the American aloe, from the sup- 
position that it flowered once only 
in a hundred years. 

cephalalgia (sef-a-larji-a), n. head- 
ache. 

cephalic (sef'a-lik or se-fal'ik), adj, 
pertaining to the head ; forming the 
front or forepart of a body or organ. 

cephalitis (sef-a-li'tis), n. inflamma- 
tion of the brain or its membranes, 

cephalopod (sef'a-lo-pod), adj. of or 
pertaining to the Cephalopoda : n.- a 
member of the Cephalopoda. 

Cephalopoda (sef-a-lop'o-da), n.ph 
the highest class of the Mollusca, 
having a distinct head with tenta- 
cles attached. The nautilus and oc- 
topus belong to this class. 

ceraceous (se-ra'shus), adj. having 
the texture and color of new wax. 

ceramic (se-ram'ik), or keramic 
(ke-), adj. of or pertaining to pot- 
tery or the fictile arts : n.pl. work 
executed wholly or partly in clay 
and baked ; the fictile arts. 

cerate (se'rat), n. a thick ointment 
of wax, &c. 



ate, arm, 



at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



cer 



174 



eev 



ceratin (ser'a-tin), n. horny tissue. 

ceratcid (ser'a-toid) , adj. horny. 

ceratdplasty (ser'a-to-plas-ti), w. the 
replacement of the cornea by one 
taken from an animal. 

cere (ser), n. the naked skin at the 
base of the bill of many birds, as the 
parrot, 

cere (ser), v.t. to cover or close with 
wax. 

cereal (se're-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or producing, wheat or edible grain : 
n. edible grain. 

cerebellum ( ser-e-bel'um ) , n. [pi. 
cerebella ('a)], the hinder and low- 
er part of the brain in vertebrate 
animals ; the little brain. 

cerebral (ser'e-bral), adj. of or per- 
taining to the brain. 

cerebral bemispliere (hem'is-fer), 
n. one of the two lateral halves of 
the cerebrum. 

cerebralism (ser'e-bral-izm), n. the 
theory that mental operations arise 
from activity of the brain or cere- 
brum. 

cerebrate (ser'e-brat), v.i. to have 
the brain in action. Also cerebrize. 

cerebration (ser-e-bra'shun), n. the 
conscious or unconscious action of 
the brain. 

cerebric (ser'e-brik), adj. pertaining 
to, or derived from, the brain. 

cerebrin (ser'e-brin), n. a name 
for several nitrogenous substances 
obtained from brain- and nerve-mat- 
ter. 

cerebritis (ser-e-bri'tis), n. inflam- 
mation of cerebrum or brain. 

cerebrum (ser'e-brum), n. [pi. Cere- 
bra (-bra)], the superior and larger 
part of the brain : the seat of the 
mind and will. 

cerecloth (ser'kloth), n. a cloth sat- 
urated with wax or some gummy 
substance, used for wrapping em- 
balmed bodies in. 

cerement (ser'ment), n. a grave-cloth 
or shroud : pi. grave-clothes. 

ceremonial (ser-e-mo'ni-al), adj. re- 
.lating to, or performed with, exter- 
nal rites or ceremonies : n. the pre- 
scribed order for a ceremony or 
function. 

ceremonialism (ser-e-mo'ni-al-izm) , 



n. adherence to, or fondness for, 
ceremonial observance ; ritualism. 

ceremonially (-li), adv. according 
to rites and ceremonies. 

ceremonious (ser-e-mo'ni-us), adj. 
full of ceremony ; punctilious of pre- 
scribed formalities ; according to 
prescribed form or usage ; fond of 
using ceremony ; precise. 

ceremony (ser'e-mo-ni), n. [pi. cere- 
monies (-niz)], a sacred rite or ob- 
servance ; a prescribed rite or f or= 
mality ; behavior regulated by the 
laws of. strict etiquette. 

ceripb (ser'if), n. one of the fine 
lines of a printing type, especially a 
stroke at the bottom or top of a 
letter. Also serif. 

cerium (se'ri-um), n. a rare metallic 
element. 

cerograpby (se-rog'ra-fi), n. the art 
of writing or engraving on wax ; 
wax painting ; encaustic painting. 

certain (ser'tin), adj. sure; beyond 
a doubt ; fixed or stated ; indefinite. 

certainty (ser'tin-ti), w. [pL certain- 
ties (-tiz)], full assurance. 

certes (ser'tez), adv. certainly; as- 
suredly. 

certificate (ser-tif'i-kat), ii. a writ- 
ten testimony to the truth of any 
fact : a testimonial as to character 
or ability ; a statement written and 
signed and legally authenticated : 
v.t. to give a certificate to ; to at- 
test or vouch for by certificate. 

certification (ser-ti-fi-ka'shun), n, 
the act of certifying. 

certify (ser'ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
certified, p.pr. certifying], to testify 
to or to make known in writing ; as- 
sure. 

certiorari (ser-shi-o-ra'ri), n. a writ 
issuing from a superior court call- 
ing for the records of an inferior 
court, or to remove a case from a 
court below. 

certitude (ser'ti-tud) , adj. certainty ; 
freedom from doubt ; assurance. 

certosina-TiT-ork (cher-to-se'na- 
werk), n. a kind of inlaid work of 
light and dark woods, or ivory and 
wood. 

cerulean (se-roo^e-an), adj. sky-col- 
ored. 



ate, arm, ask, at awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



eer 



175 



clia 



cerulin (se'roo-lin), n. an olive-green 
dye. 

cerunten (se-roo'men), ear-wax. 

ceruse (se'roos), n. white-lead, used 
as a pigment, and from which a cos- 
metic is prepared. 

cervical (ser'vi-kal), adj. of or per- 
taining to the neck. 

cervine (ser'vin),) adj. of, or per- 
taining to, the deer family ; of a 
tawny or fawn color. 

cess (ses), v.t. to impose a tax; as- 
sess : n. a rate or tax, especially 
the land tax. 

cessation (ses-sa'shun), n. the act of 
ceasing. 

cession (sesh'un), n. a yielding up, 
as of territory, property, or rights ; 
the surrender of a benefice by an 
incumbent who has accepted another 
living. 

cessionary (sesh'un-a-ri), adj. a giv- 
ing or yielding up. 

cesspool (ses'pool), n. a deep hole in 
the ground, or the well of a drain, 
for the reception of filth ; any foul 
receptacle. 

cestus (ses'tus), n. [pi. cestus (ses'- 
tus)], a kind of glove used by an- 
cient boxers, frequently loaded with 
lead or iron, and secured by leathern 
thongs to the hands and arms. 

cetacean (se-ta'shun), adj. pertain- 
ing to the Cetacea, formerly a group 
of marine mammalia which in- 
cluded the whales : n. sl whale ; an 
animal -belonging to the order Cete. 

Cete (se'te), n.pl. an order of the 
mammalia, containing the true 
whales, dolphins, &c. 

cetic acid (se'tik as'id), n. an acid 
obtained from spermaceti. 

cetin (se'tin), n. a white waxy sub- 
stance forming the essential part of 
spermaceti. 

cliafe (chaf), v.t. to make warm by 
friction ; to wear away or make sore 
by rubbing ; irritate ; annoy : n. 
mental irritation caused by contin- 
ued annoyance ; vexation : v.i. to be 
worn by friction ; be irritated or an- 
noyed ; fret. 

chafer (cha'fer), n. the cockchafer. 

chaff (chaf), n. the husk of grain, 
especially when separated by thresh- 



ing, &c. ; straw or hay cut fine for 
cattle ; anything worthless. 

cliaff (chaf), v.t. to banter; make 
game of : v.i. to use bantering lan- 
guage : n. banter. 

chaffer (chafer), n. the act of bar- 
gaining : v.i. to haggle about a pur- 
chase. 

chaffinch (chaf 'inch), n. a bird, so 
named from its feeding on grain. 

chaff weed (chaf 'wed), n. a plant al- 
lied to the pimpernel. 

chaffy (chaf'i), adj. resembling, or 
full of, chaff; anythiog light or 
worthless. 

chafing-dish (-dish), n. a small 
portable grate for coals ; a vessel to 
hold live coal to keep meat, &c., hot. 

chagrin (sha-grin' or -gren'), vexa- 
tion due to disappointment ; ill- 
humor ; mortification : v.t. to excite 
vexation in ; mortify. 

chain (chan), n. a connected series 
of links or rings fitted into one an- 
other ; a bond ; a measure of 100 
links = 66 ft. ; the warp threads of 
a web : v.t. to fasten, secure, or con- 
nect with a chain ; enslave ; to unite 
firmly ; fasten. 

chain-gang (-gang), n. a gang of 
convicts working together in chains. 

chain-mail (-mal), n. flexible armor 
formed of metal links interwoven. 

chain-stitch (-stich,) n. an orna- 
mental stitch resembling a chain ; a 
loop-stitch made by a sewing ma- 
chine. 

chair (char), n. a movable seat with 
a back for one person ; an official 
seat ; a professorship ; the presiding 
officer of an assembly ; an iron 
socket fastened to the sleeper which 
receives and secures railroad metals : 
v.t. to carry publicly in a chair in 
triumph ; to install. 

chairman (char'man), n. [pi. chair- 
men ('men)], the president of an 
assembly, meeting, public company, 
&c. 

chaise (shaz), n. a light two- wheeled 
carriage ; a carriage in general. 

chalcedony (kal'se-do-ni or kal-sed'- 
o-ni), a cryptocrystalline variety of 
quartz, resembling diluted milk. 
Also calcedony. 



ate, arm, aj 



:, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



clia 



176 



clia 



chaldron ( chawl'dron ) , n. a meas- 
ure for coke = 36 bush. (25% cwt.). 

chalet (sha-la'), n. a Swiss cottage 
or herdsman's dwelling ; a small 
country house built in such style. 

chalice (chal'is), n. a cup ; a Euchar- 
ist cup. 

chalk (chawk), n. a soft limestone 
rock composed of carbonate of lime ; 
■prepared chalk for drawing : v.t. to 
mark, rub, or manure with chalk. 

chalkstone (-ston), n. a chalky con- 
cretion in the joints. 

chalkiness (chawk'i-nes), n. the 
state of being chalky. 

chalky (chawk'i), adj. containing, or 
resembling, chalk. 

challenge (chal'enj), n. an invitation 
to a contest ; a summons to fight ; a 
duel ; an objection taken to a voter 
or juror ; the demand of a soldier on 
sentry : v.t. to summons to a con- 
test ; invite to a duel ; defy ; take 
exception to. 

challengeable (chal'enj-a-bl), adj. 
that may be challenged. 

challis (shal'e), n. a light all-wool 
fabric. 

chalybeate (ka-lib'e-at), adj. im- 
pregnated with iron. 

chalybite (kal'i-bit), n. native car- 
bonate of iron ; siderite. 

chamber (cham'ber), n. an apart- 
ment ; especially a bedroom ; a pri- 
vate room ; a political or commercial 
body ; a cavity ; that part of a gun, 
&c., which contains the charge : pi. 
a suite of rooms ; a judge's private 
room : v.t. to inclose ; furnish with 
a chamber. 

chamberlain (cham'ber'lan), n. an 
officer who has charge of the private 
apartments of a sovereign or noble- 
man ; a male servant who has charge 
of a suite of rooms ; the treasurer of 
a city or corporation. 

chameleon (ka-me'le-un), n. an in- 
sectivorous lizard-like reptile, pos- 
sessing the power of changing its 
color. 

chamfer (cham'fer), n. a small fur- 
row cut in wood or metal ; a bevel : 
v.t. to groove, channel or flute. 

champ (champ), v.t. to bite with the 
teeth repeatedly and impatiently : 
n. the act of champing. 



champagne (sham-pan'), n. a light 
sparkling effervescent wine. 

champaign (sham-pan'), n. flat open 
country : adj. level, open. 

champerty (cham'per-ti), n. the 
maintenance of a party in a suit on 
condition that, if successful, the 
property is to be shared. 

champion (cham'pi-un), n. one who 
defends the cause of another, by 
combat or other means ; a hero ; 
valiant warrior ; a successful com- 
petitor against all rivals : v.t. to de- 
fend or support a cause. 

chance (chans), n. an unforeseen, 
event ; an accident ; a possibility ; 
opportunity ; risk : v.i. to happen ; 
occur without design or expectation ; 
v.t. to risk (with it). 

chancel (chan'sel), n. that part in a 
church where the altar stands ; the 
sanctuary. 

chancellor (chan'sel-er), n. a judge 
of a court of equity or chancery ; the 
president or highest ofiicial of a uni- 
versity ; a vicar-general ; the presi- 
dent of the German Federal Coun- 
cil. 

chance-medley (-med'li), n. justi- 
fiable homicide in self-defense. 

chancery (chan'ser-i), n. originally 
in England, next to Parliament, the 
highest Court of Justice, since 1873 
a division of the High Court of Jus- 
tice ; a court of Equity. 

chandelier (shan-de-ler'), n. a hang- 
ing frame with branches for lights. 

chandler (chand'ler), n. a maker or 
vendor of candles ; a dealer or mer- 
chant. 

change (chanj), v.t. to alter; sub- 
stitute ; exchange or give an 
equivalent for ; render acid or 
tainted : v.i. undergo change ; suffer 
alteration ; pass from one place to 
another ; deteriorate : n. an altera- 
tion or variation ; a passing from 
one state or form to another ; vicissi- 
tude ; small coin ; balance returned 
after deduction of amount paid. 

changeability (chanj-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
liability to change. 

changeable (chanj'a-bl), adj. fickle. 

changeling (chanj'ling), .n. a child 
left in place of another ; an idiot ; a 
waverer. 



ate, arm, 



at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book : hue, hut ; think, then. 



chx 



177 



clia 



channel (chan'el), n. the bed of a 
stream ; a watercourse ; the deepest 
part of a strait, bay, harbor, &c. ; a 
wide arm of the sea extending in- 
land ; a groove ; a medium of con- 
veyance : pi. planks bolted to the 
outside of a ship to extend the rig- 
ging : v.t. to cut into a channel ; 
groove. 

chant (chant), v.t. to sing; intone: 
v.i. make melody with the voice ; go 
in full cry, as hounds : n. a song ; a 
solemn or monotonous song. 

chanter (chan'ter), n. one who 
chants; the drone of a bagpipe; a 
horse-coper. 

chanticleer (chan'ti-kler), w. a cock. 

chaos (ka'os), n. the confused matter 
out of which the universe was 
formed ; confusion. 

chaotic (ka-ot'ik), adj. resembling 
chaos. 

chaotically (-al-li), adv. in a chaotic 
manner. 

chap (chap), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. chapped : 
p.pr. chapping], to cause to crack or 
open longitudinally : v.i. to have the 
skin crack : n. a longitudinal crack 
or slit. 

chap (chap), n. a fellow. 

chap (chap, or chop), n. one of the 
jaws or its fleshy covering (usually 
pi.) ; the mouth of a channel. 

chaparral (chap-a-ral'), n. a dense 
thicket. 

chap-book (chap'book), n. a small 
book, usually of fairy tales, ro- 
mances, &c., formerly hawked about 
by chapmen. 

chapeau (sha'po), n. [pi. chapeaux 
-poz ) ] , a hat or head covering. 

chapel (chap'el), n. a subordinate 
place of public worship ; a place of 
worship in a palace, institution, &c. ; 
a nonconformist place of worship ; 
an association of journeymen in a 
printing house. 

chapelry (chap'el-ri), n. [pi. chapel- 
I ries (-riz)], the district legally as- 

I signed to a chapel dependent upon 

the mother church. 

chaperon (shap'er-on), n. a married 
lady who accompanies young ladies 
in public : v.t. to act as a chaperon 
to. 



chapf alien (chap'faw-Ien), adj. de- 
jected. 

chapiter ( chap'i-ter ) , n. the upper 
part or capital of a pillar. 

chaplain (chap'lin), n. a clergyman 
who performs service in the army, 
navy, a public institution, a royal or 
private household. 

chaplaincy (chap'lin-si), n. the of- 
fice or status of a chaplain. 

chaplet (chap'let), n. a wreath or 
garland encircling the head ; a 
rosary ; a round molding carved 
into beads, olives, &c. 

chapman (chap'man), n. [pi. chap- 
men ('men)], formerly a merchant 
or trader ; a hawker. 

chappie (chap'i), n. familiar for 
chap. 

chapter (chap'ter), n. a division of a 
book ; the clergy of a cathedral or 
collegiate church ; a meeting of cer- 
tain organized societies or orders. 

char (char), n. work by the day; a 
single job ; a chore : v.i. to work in 
the house of another by the day ; do 
odd jobs ; do chores. 

char (char), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. charred, 
p.pr. charring], burn or reduce to 
charcoal ; burn partially. 

character (kar'ak-ter), n. a letter, 
sign, or figure ; distinctive qualities 
or traits ; moral excellence ; a cer- 
tificate as to conduct or ability. 

characteristic ( kar-ak-ter-is'tik ) , 
adj. pertaining to or indicating the 
character. 

characteristically (-al-li), adv. in a 
characteristic manner. 

characterization ( kar-ak-ter-i-za'- 
shun), n. the act of characterizing. 

characterize (kar'ak-ter-iz), v.t. de- 
scribe by peculiar qualities ; mark 
or distinguish. 

charade (sha-rad'), n. an acted 
enigma. 

charcoal (char'kol), n. wood par- 
tially burnt ; impure carbon. 

charge (charj), v.t. to rush on or at- 
tack ; load ; fill up ; impose ; com- 
mand or enjoin ; instruct ; accuse ; 
place on the debit side : v.i. to make 
an attack ; demand a price : n. an 
onset ; quantity with which a fire- 
arm or apparatus is charged ; an of- 
fice or obligation ; an order or com- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; booD« 
book ; hiie, hut ; think, then. 



da 



178 



clia 



. mand ; authoritative instruction or 
direction ; an entry on the debit side. 

chargeability (char-ja-bil'i-ti), oi. 
the quality of being chargeable. 

chargeable (char'ja-bl), adj. liable 
to be charged ; ratable ; burdensome. 

charge d'affaires (shar-zha'da-far') , 
n. [pi. charges (-shar-zha-) ], a 
government official v^ho acts for an 
ambassador in his absence, or at a 
court to which no ambassador is ac- 
credited. 

charger (charj'er), n. a cavalry 
horse ; a large dish. 

chariot (char'i-ot), n. an ancient 
two-wheeled car for war, state pro- 
cessions, racing, &c. ; a four-wheeled 
pleasure carriage, 

chariotee (char-i-o-te'), n. a light 
four-wheeled covered pleasure car- 
riage with two seats. 

charitable (char'i-ta-bl), adj. benev- 
olent in disposition ; kind and lib- 
eral. 

charity (char'i-ti), n. [pi. charities 
(-tiia)], the disposition to think well 
of others ; liberality ; alms ; univer- 
sal love ; an institution for the 
poor ; a gift in trust for a benevo- 
lent object. 

charivari (shar-i-va'ri), n. a mock 
serenade of discordant music. 

charlatan (shar'la-tan), n. a quack. 

charlatanism (-izm), n. quackery. 

charlotte rnsse (shar'lut rus), n. 
whipped cream enclosed in sponge- 
cake. 

charm (charm), n. a spell or en- 
chantment ; an allurement ; a trin- 
ket : v.t. influence by magic ; sub- 
due or fascinate; give exquisite de- 
light to : v.i. to work by magic 
powers ; act as a spell. 

charnel (char'nel), adj. containing 
flesh or dead bodies. 

chart (chart), n. a map of any part 
of the' sea, river, &c., for the use of 
mariners ; the representation of a 
ship's course ; a mariner's compass ; 
a sheet giving information in tabu- 
lt:r form : v.t. to lay down, or de- 
lineate on a chart ; map out : v.i. to 
make a chart or map. 

charter (char'ter), n. a document be- 
stowing certain rights and privi- 
leges : v.t. to charter-party. 



charter-party (-par'ti), n. a writ- 
ten agreement relating to the hire of 
a vessel and its cargo : v.t. to let 
or hire by charter-party. 

chart ographer (kar-tog'ra-fer), n. 
one who prepares charts and maps. 

chartography (kar-tog'ra-fi), n. the 
art or business of drawing charts or 
maps. 

Chartreuse (shar-trez'), n. a cele- 
brated liqueur made by the monks of 
La Grand Chartreuse, France. 

chary (char'i), adj. cautious ; sparing. 

chase (chas), v.t. to pursue; capture 
or kill ; hunt ; drive away : v.i. to 
ride or hunt rapidly : n. eager or 
vehement pursuit ; hunting ; opeo 
ground for preserving deer. 

chase (chas), n. a groove; an iron 
frame for securing types ; that part 
of a cannon in front of the trun- 
nions : v.t. to work or emboss (pre- 
cious metals) ; cut, as the thread of 
a screw. 

chasm (kazm), n. a deep gap or open- 
ing in the earth ; a void space. 

chassepot (shas'po), n, a French 
breech-loading rifle. 

chasseur^ (sha-ser'), n. a domestic 
dressed in military or hunting cos- 
tume ; a French light-armed foot or 
cavalry soldier. 

chaste (chast), adj. morally pure; 
modest; pure in style; refined. 

chasten (chas'n), v.t. to punish for 
the purpose of reformation ; purify ; 
refine. 

chastise (chas-tiz'), v.t. to correct by 
punishment ; reduce to order or obe- 
dience. 

chastisement (chas'tiz-ment), n, 
punishment. 

chastity (chas'ti-ti), n. moral and 
sexual purity. 

chasuble (chas'ti-bl), n. a rich vest- 
ment worn over the alb by a cele- 
brating priest. 

chat (chat), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. chatted, 
p.pr. chatting], to talk in an easy 
familiar manner : n. familiar or in- 
formal speech. 

chateau (sha-to'), w. [pi. chateaux, 
(-toz')], a castle; a manor house or 
country seat ; the name of various 
French wines. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




CHERRIES 
I. Large Gobet. — 2. Hedelfinger Giant. — 3- Spanish Sour.— 4. Royal Amarelle.— 5. Coburg Mayheart. 

6. Euttner's Late Red, hard. — 7. Winkler's White Heart. — 8. Ostheimer Common. — 9. Red May. — 

10. Kruger's Heart. — ii.Lucien. — 12. Sweet Early Common. — 13. Duchess of Angouleme. — 14. Queen 
Hortense. — 15. Late Amarelle. — 16. Red Muscatel. — 17. Large Long Dark Red. — 18. Large Princess. 
— 19. Donissen's Golden, hard. — 20. Large Black, hard. 



cha 



179 



elie 



chatelaine (shat'e-lan), n. a bunch 
of chains to which are attached trin- 
kets, &c., worn at the waist by la- 
dies. 

chattel (chat'el), n. personal prop- 
erty except freehold (usually in pi.) . 

chatter (chat'er), v.i. to utter 
sounds rapidly, as a monkey ; rattle 
the teeth, as in shivering or from 
fright ; talk idly or carelessly ; jab- 
ber : v.t. to utter rapidly, idly, or 
indistinctly : n. sounds like those of 
the magpie, &c. ; idle, rapid talk. 

chatterbox (chat'er-boks), n. an in- 
cessant talker. 

chattiness (chat'i-nes), n. the qual- 
ity of being chatty. 

chatty (chat'i), adj. talkative, uncon- 
ventional. 

chauffeur (sho-fer'), n. an operator 
of an automobile ; an automobilist : 
fern, chauffeuse (sho-fez'). 

chauvinism, (sho'vin-izm), n. blind 
and unreasoning attachment to a 
fallen cause ; exaggerated political 
or i)arty fanaticism. 

cheap (chep), adj. purchasable for a 
low price ; common ; of small value. 

cheapen (chep'en), v.t. to lessen the 
price of. 

cheat (chet), n. a fraud or decep- 
tion ; one who cheats : v.t. to deceive 
or defraud ; impose upon : v.i. to act 
as a cheat. 

check (chek), n. a restraint; a re- 
proof ; a pass, ticket, or token ; a 
term in chess ; cloth woven in 
squares of alternate patterns ; an 
order or draft on a bank or banker 
for money : v.t. to restrain ; stop ; 
reprove ; examine by comparison ; 
mark as having been examined ; to 
place an opponent's king in danger 
at chess ; mark in small squares. 

checker (chek'er), n. checker-board; 
one of the squares of a checkered 
pattern ; piece with which to play 
checkers : pi. game played on a 
checker-board ; draughts : v.t. to 
mark or decorate with checkers ; 
variegate. 

checker-board, n. board on which 
the game of checkers is played. 

checkmate (chek'mat), n. the win- 
ning move at chess when the oppo- 
nent's king cannot move out of 



check ; a complete defeat from 
which there is no escape : v.t. to 
give checkmate to ; defeat utterly ; 
thwart. 

cheek (chek), n^ the side of the face 
beneath either eye ; one of two cor- 
responding sides ; cool impudence : 
v.t. face in an impudent manner. 

cheep (chep), n. a shrill noise, as 
that of a young chicken, or a 
mouse :v.i. to make such a noise. 

cheeper (chep'er), n. a young game 
bird. 

cheer (cher), n. temper or state of 
mind ; a state of gladness or joy ; a' 
shout of applause ; tidings ; luck : 
v.t. to gladden ; encourage ; applaud. 

cheerful (cher'fool), adj. full* of good 
spirits. 

cheerfully (-li), adv. in a cheerful 
manner. 

cheerily (cher'i-li), adv. heartily. 

cheeriness (cher'i-nes), n. the state 
of being cheery. 

cherry (cher'i), adj. cheerful; gay. 

cheese (ches), n. the curd or casein 
of milk coagulated, pressed and al- 
lowed to dry in a mold ; anything 
resembling cheese. 

cheese-cake ('kak), n. a confection 
of soft curds, butter, and sugar. 

cheese-paring (-par'ing), adj. nig- 
gardly. 

cheetah (che'ta), n. the hunting 
leopard of India. Also chetah. 

cheetal (che'tal), n. the Indian spot- 
ted deer. 

chef (shef), n. a head or professional 
cook. 

chef-d'oeuvre (sha-de'fr), n. [pi. 
chefs-d'oeuvre (sha-de'vr) ], a mas- 
terpiece. 

Gheiranthus (ki-ran'thus), n. a ge- 
nus of plants, which includes the 
wallflower. 

chemical (kem'i-kal), adj. pertain- 
ing to chemistry : n. a chemical sub- 
stance. 

chemically (-li), adv. according to 
chemical principles or operations. 

chemico-electric ( kem-i-ko-e-lek'- 
trik ) , adj. depending upon electric 
activity produced by chemical 
means. 

chemise (she-mez'), n. a woman's 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



elie 



180 



cM 



undergarment ; a wall lining an 
earthwork. 

chemisette ( shem-i-zet' ) , n. a short 
chemise worn over the breast. 

chemist (kem'ist), n. one skilled in 
chemistry ; a dealer in drugs and 
medicines ; an analyst. 

chemistry (kem'is-tri), n. the sci- 
ence which treats of the properties 
of elementary and compound sub- 
stances and the laws which govern 
their molecular and atomic rela- 
tions. 

chenille (she-nel')* n. silk or worsted 
cord. 

cheque (chek), n. an order or draft 
on a banker or bank, payable to 
the bearer ; check. 

cherish (cher'ish), v.t. to hold or 
esteem dear ; treat with tenderness ; 
protect and aid ; encourage ; harbor 
in the mind. 

cheroot (she-root'), n. a kind of 
cigar. 

cherry (cher'i), n. [pi. cherries 
Ciz)], the fruit of a tree allied to 
the plum ; a cordial made from cher- 
ries : adj. of a cherry color ; ruddy. 

cherub (cher'ub), n. [_pl. cherubs 
Cubz), cherubim ('oo-bim)], an 
angel next to a seraphim in rank ; a 
beautiful child ipl. cherubs]. 

cherubic (che-roo'bik), adj. angelic. 

chess (ches), n. a game played by 
two persons with 16 pieces each on 
a checkered board divided into G4 
squares. 

chest (chest), n. a large box; the 
quantity such a box contains ; the 
breast or thorax ; a certain quantity 
of goods. • 

chested (ches'ted), adj. having a 
chest. 

chestnut (ches'nut), n. the nut or 
seed of trees of the genus Castanea ; 
the chestnut-tree with its edible 
fruit ; a reddish-brown color ; a 
horse of such color ; an old or stale 
joke : adj. reddish-brown. 

cheval-glass (she-val'glas), n. a 
large swing looking-glass. 

chevalier (shev-a-ler'), n. a knight: 
a horseman ; a member or knight of 
an honorable order ; the lowest title 
of rank of the old French nobility ; 
a gallant. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



chevaux-de-f rise ( shev-o6-de-f rez' ) , 
n.pl. a fence constructed of a bar 
armed with long spikes. 

Cheviot (chev'i-ot), n. a sheep bred 
on the Cheviot Hills ; a rough cloth 
made from its wool. 

chevron (shev'ron), n. a term in 
heraldry; the badge on the coat 
sleeve of a non-commissioned offi- 
cer, indicative of his rank ; a va- 
riety of fret ornament. 

chew (choo), v.t. to crush and grind 
with the teeth ; masticate ; meditate 
upon : v.i. grind tobacco between the 
teeth : n. that which is chewed ; a 
quid of tobacco. 

chiaroscuro (ki-ar-os-koo'ro), n. the 
treatment of light and shade in 
painting, drawing, or engraving : 
adj. pertaining to such treatment. 

chic (shek), adj. stylish: n. Parisian 
elegance in dress ; manual dexterity. 

chicane (shi-kan'), n. mean or un- 
fair artifices to obscure the truth ; 
sophistry.^ Also chicanery : v.t. to 
cheat : v.i. use artifices. 

chick (chik), n. the young of a bird, 
especially of the domestic hen : hence 
a child. 

chickadee (chik'a-de), n. the Ameri- 
can black-cap titmouse. 

chicken (chik'en), n. the young of a 
fowl, especially the domestic fowl. 

chicken-hearted (-hart'ed), adj. 
timid. 

chicken-pox (-poks), n. a mild erup- 
tive disease of children ; varicella. 

chick-pea (chik'pe), n. a plant the 
roasted seed of which forms the 
pulse of the East. 

chickweed (chik'wed), n. a common 
wild plant with white blossoms. 

chicory (chik'6-ri), n. a perennial 
plant with bright blue flowers and 
a tapering root, which, when roast- 
ed and ground, is used to mix with 
coffee. 

chide (chid), v.t. [p.f. & p.p. chid, 
chode, p.p. chidden, chid, p.pr. chid- 
ing], to find fault with; scold: v.i. 
to clamor. 

chidingly (chid'ing-li), adv. in a 
chiding manner. I 

chief (chef), n. a commander or 
leader ; a head or principal person ; 
the principal or most important 



CM 



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chl 



part : adj. principal ; most eminent ; 
of the first order, rank, or estima- 
tion ; leading ; main. 

chieftain (chef tan), n. a captain, 
leader, or commander ; the head of 
a class or tribe. _ , 

chiffon (shif'un, French she-fong'), 
n. a kind of thin gauze fabric. 

chiffonier ( shif -o-ner' ) , n. a piece of 
furniture fitted with drawers and 
shelves used as a sideboard; a rag 
gatherer. 

chignon ( she-ny6ng' ) , n. a roll of 
natural or artificial hair worn by 
women over a pad at the back of 
the head. 

chig-oe (chig'o), n. a species of West 
Indian and South American flea 
which burrows beneath the skin of 
the feet, and breeding there pro- 
duces ulcers. Also jigger. 

chikara (chi-ka'ra), n. the four- 
horned antelope of Bengal. 

chilblain (chil'blan), n. a sore or 
inflammation caused by frost or 
cold : v.t. to afflict with chilblains. 

child (child), n. {pi. children (chil'- 
dren)], a son or daughter; a very 
young person ; a descendant ; one 
immature in judgment. 

childbirth < 'berth), n. the act or 
time of bringing forth a child. 

ehilde (child), n. a term formerly 
applied to the scions of knightly 
houses before their admission into 
knighthood. 

childhood (child'hood), n. the period 
from infancy to puberty. 

childish ('ish), adj. like a child; 
puerile. 

children, pi. of child. 

chiliad (kil'i-ad), n. 1,000; a thou- 
sand years. 

chill (chil), n. a sudden coldness; 
the absence of heat in a substance ; 
the hardened part of a casting : adj. 
having the sensation of cold ; de- 
pressing ; discourteous : v.t. to make 
cold ; blast with cold ; deject ; 
harden cast iron by sudden cooling. 

chilli (chil'i), n. [pi. chillies (-iz)], 
the dried pod of a capsicum. Also 
chile, chili. 

chiloplasty (ki'lo-plas-ti), n. the 
transplantation of healthy skin to a 
diseased lip. 



chimera (ki-me'ra), w. an incon- 
gruous conception of the fancy ; a 
cartilaginous fish of remarkable ap- 
pearance. 

chime (chim), n. the musical har- 
mony produced by striking a set of 
bells with hammers ; a set of bells 
tuned to the musical scale and 
struck with hammers : v.i. to sound 
in consonance or harmony ; be in 
harmony or agree with ; join in • 
v.t. to cause to sound in harmony. 

chimerical (ki-mer'ik-al), adj. mere- 
ly imaginary ; fantastic ; unreal. 

chimerically (-li), adv. in a chimer- 
ical manner. 

chimney (chim'ni), n. [pi. chimneys 
('niz)], the flue, vent, or passage 
through which smoke or heated air, 
&c., escapes ; a glass tube for a 
lamp to intensify combustion. 

chimpanzee (chim-pan'ze), a large 
West Indian anthropoid ape allied 
to the gorilla. 

chin (chin), n. the part of the face 
below the under lip. 

china (chi'na), n. a fine kind of 
porcelain : adj. of, or from, China ; 
of, or made of, china. 

chinch (chinch), n. a fetid insect 
destructive to corn crops; the bed- 
bug. 

chinchilla (chin-chil'a), n. a small 
South American rodent with a soft 
fine fur. 

chine (chin), n. the backbone or 
spine of an animal ; a piece of the 
backbone of an animal with adja- 
cent parts cut for cooking; a rocky 
ravine or large fissure in a cliff. 

Chinese (chi-nez'), adj. of, or per- 
taining to, China. 

chink (chingk), n. a small fissure 
opening lengthwise ; a narrow aper- 
ture : v.i. to crack ; to form into or 
close up cracks. 

chink (chingk), n. a sharp metallic 
or jingling sound ; money : v.t. to 
cause to make a sharp metallic 
sound ; jingle. 

chinkapin (ching'ka-pin), n. the 
dwarf chestnut of the United States, 
or its nut. 

chinse (chins), v.t. to force oakum 
or tow in (the chinks or seams be- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue hut ; think, then. 



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tween the planking of a ship) ; calk 
temporarily. 

chintz (chints), n. cotton cloth, 
usually glazed, printed in various 
colors. 

cMp (chip), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. chipped, 
p.pr, chipping], to cut into small 
pieces ; bet at cards : v.i. break or 
fly off into small pieces : n. a small 
piece of stone, wood, &c. cut or 
broken off ; a bonnet, &c., made of 
thin split wood or 'Cuban palm leaf. 

chipmunk (chip'mungk), n. a small 
squirrel of North America, having 
dark and light stripes on its back. 

cMpper (chip'er), adj. active; pert. 

chirograpliy (ki-rog'ra-fi), n. the 
art of writing or engrossing ; judg- 
ment of character by the hand- 
writing. 

cMromancy (ki'ro-man-si), n. palm- 
istry. 

chiropodist (ki-rop'o-dist), n. one 
who removes corns, bunions, &c., 
and is skilled in diseases of the feet 
and hands. 

chirp (cherp), n. a short shrill cheer- 
ful note : v.i. to utter such a note. 

chisel (chiz'el), n. an edged instru- 
ment of iron or steel for cutting 
wood, stone, or metal : v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. chiseled, p.pr. chiseling], to cut, 
pare, gouge, or engrave with a chis- 
el ; to take an unfair advantage of 
in a transaction. 

chit (chit), n. a child; a pert for- 
ward girl. 

chit-chat (-chat), n. familiar talk. 

chivalresque (shiv-al-resk'), adj. of, 
or pertaining to, chivalry; chival- 
rous. 

chivalrous (shiv'al-rus), adj. relat- 
ing to chivalry ; warlike ; high- 
spirited ; gallant. 

chivalry (shiv'al-ri), n. the mediae- 
val system of knighthood ; knights 
collectively : the qualifications of a 
knight, as bravery, nobleness, 
courtesy, respect for womanly dig- 
nity and chastity, &c. ; tenure of 
land by knight's service. 

chloral (klo'ral), n. a strong nar- 
cotic. 

chloralism (klo'^ral-izm), n. the habit 
of using chloral ; a diseased condi- 
tion caused by the use of chloral. 



chloralize (klo'ral-iz), v.t. to bring 
under the influence of chloral. 

chloralum (klo'ral-um), n. an anti- 
septic. 

chlorate (klo'rat), n. a salt of chlo- 
ric acid. 

chloric (klo-rik), adj. pertaining to, 
or containing, chlorine. 

chloric acid (as'id), n. an acid con- 
taining hydrogen, oxygen, and chlo- 
rine. 

chloride (klo'rid), n. a compound of 
chlorine with another element. 

chloride of lime (of lim), n. a com- 
pound of chloride with lime, used 
in bleaching. 

chlorine (klo'rin), n. a greenish- 
yellow gas possessing great bleach- 
ing powers. 

chlorodyne (klo'ro-din), n. a popu- 
lar anodyne. 

chloroform (klo'ro-form), n. a vola- 
tile liquid used for producing in- 
sensibility to pain : v.t. to adminis- 
ter chloroform to. 

chlorophyll (klo'r5-fil), n. the green 
coloring matter in plants. 

chlorosis (klo-ro'sis), n. a disease 
affecting young women, character- 
ized by anemia. 

chocolate (chok'o-lat), n. a paste 
made from the roasted kernels of 
the cacao-nut, used in making the 
beverage so called : adj. having the 
color of, or made of, chocolate. 

choice (chois), n. the act of choos- 
ing ; option ; the thing chosen ; the 
best or preferable part : adj. select ; 
carefully chosen. 

choir (kwir), n. a band of singers in 
a church ; the place where they 
sing. 

choke (chok), v.t. to suffocate by 
obstructing the windpipe; block up. 

choke-damp (-damp), n. carbonic 
acid generated in mines. 

choker (chd'ker), n. one who, or 
that which, chokes ; a necktie. 

choler (ko'ler), n. bile; irascibility. 

cholera (kol'er-a), n. a disease with 
violent vomiting and purging. 

choose (chooz), v.t. [p.t. chose, p.p. 
chosen, p.pr. choosing], to take by 
preference ; select : v.i. to make a 
choice ; prefer. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



elio 



183 



clir 



chop (chop), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. chopped, 
p.pr. chopping], to cut with re- 
peated blows ; hew ; mince ; to ex- 
change : v.i. to do anything with a 
quick motion ; turn or vary sud- 
denly : n. the act of chopping ; a 
piece chopped off. 

chop (chop), n. a mark or brand de- 
noting quality. 

chops (chops), n.pl. the sides of the 
mouth of a river, channel, &c. 

chopsticks (chop'stiks), n.pl. two 
small sticks used in China for eat- 
ing. 

choral (ko'ral), adj. of, or pertain- 
ing to, a choir ; chanted or sung by 
a choir. 

chorale (ko'ral), n. a simple sacred 
melody or hymn sung in unison, 

chorally (-li), adv. in the manner of 
a chorus. 

chord (k6rd), n. the string of a 
musical instrument ; notes in har- 
mony ; harmony of color ; a straight 
line joining the ends of the arc of a 
circle : v.t. to string, as a musical 
instrument. 

chores (chorz), n.pl. the daily light 
work of a farmyard or household. 

chorister (kor'is-ter), n. a member 
of a choir. 

chorus (ko'rus), n. a number singing 
in concert ; that part of a musical 
composition in which the company 
join the singer ; a concerted piece 
of music ; a band of singers and 
dancers in a Greek tragedy. 

chosen (cho'zen), adj. selected; 
choice. 

chough (chuf), n. a bird like a jack- 
daw. 

chouse (chous), v.t. to cheat; 
swindle. 

chow-cho-w (chou'chou), adj. an 
East Indian mixed pickle. 

chowder (chovi'der), n. a dish of 
fresh fish ; clams stewed together 
with pork and biscuits, &c. 

chrism (krizm), n. consecrated oil. 

christen (kris'n), v.t. to baptize in 
the name of the Holy Trinity ; give 
a Christian name to. 

Christendom (kris'n-dum), n. coun- 
tries whose inhabitants profess the 
Christian faith ; Christians collec- 
tively. 



Christian (kris'chan), n. a profes- 
sor of the religion of Christ : adj. 
professing the religion of Christ. 

Christian era (e'ra), n. the present 
era reckoned from the birth of 
Christ. 

Christianity (kris-chi-an'i-ti), n. 
the precepts and doctrines taught 
by Christ. 

Christianization (kris-chan-iz - a '- 
shun), n. the act or process of con- 
verting to Christianity. 

Christianize (kris'chan-iz), v.t. to 
convert to Christianity. 

Christmas (kris'mas), n. the festival 
(Dec. 25) celebrating the birth of 
Christ. 

Christmastide (-tid), n. Christmas 
Eve (Dec. 24) to Epiphany (Jan. 
6). 

chromascope (kro'ma-skop), n. an 
instrument to show the optical ef- 
fects of color. _ 

chromate (kro'mat), n. a salt of 
chromic acid. 

chromatic (kro-mat'ik) , adj. relat- 
ing to colors ; including notes not 
belonging to the diatonic scale : n. 
a note affected by an accidental ; p/. 
that branch of optics which treats 
of colors. 

chromatically (-al-li), adv. in a 
chromatic manner. 

chr omatometer ( kro-ma-tom'e-ter ) , 
n. SL scale for measuring colors. 

chromatrope (kro'ma-trop), n. a 
revolving magic-lantern slide. 

chromatype (kro'ma-tip), n. a proc- 
ess for obtaining a colored photo- 
graphic picture. 

chrome (krom), n. chromium: v.t. 
to dye in a bath of bichromate of 
potash. 

chromium (kro'mi-um), n. a steel- 
gray metal, one of the elements. 

chromo (krO'mo), n. [pi. chromos 
('moz)], a chromo-lithograph or pic- 
ture produced by chromo-lithog- 
raphy. 

chromogen (kr5'mo-jen), n. the col- 
oring matter of plants. 

chromograph (kro'mo-graf), n. an 
apparatus for duplicating circulars, 
oil-paintings, &c. ; a hectograph. 

chromolithic (kro-mo-lith'ik), adj. 
executed in chromo-lithography. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



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184 



chn 



diromo-litliography (kro-mo-lith- 
og'ra-fl), n. the art of printing in 
colors from stone. 

chromospliere (kro'mo-sfer), n. the 
rose-colored outer envelope of the 
sun. 

clironic (kron'ik), adj. continuing a 
long time, or recurring : said of a 
disease. 

chronically (-al-li), adv. in a chron- 
ic manner. 

clironograia (kron'o-gram), n. an 
inscription which includes in it the 
date of some event. 

clironograpli (kron'6-graf), n. an 
instrument for recording minute in- 
tervals of time. 

chronological ( kron - o-loj'i-kal ) , 
adj. relating to, or containing an ac- 
count of, past events in the order 
of time. 

chronologically (-li), adv. in a 
chronological manner. 

chronologist (kro-nol'o-jist) , n. one 
versed in chronology. Also chronol- 
oger. 

chronologize (kro-nol'o-jiz), v.t. to 
arrange in historical sequence. 

chronology ('o-ji), n. [pi. chronol- 
ogies (-jiz)], the science that treats 
of events and arranges their dates 
in proper sequence. 

chronometer (kro-nom'e-ter), n. an 
instrument for measuring time with 
extreme accuracy. 

chronopher (kron'o-fer), n. an in- 
strument for signaling by electricity 
the exact time to distant stations. 

chronoscope (kron'o-skop), n. an 
instrument for measuring by elec- 
tricity the velocity of a projectile. 

chrysalis (kris'a-lis), n. the final 
stage through which a lepidopterous 
insect, or a butterfly, passes prior 
to its winged state. 

chrysanthemum (kris-an'the-mum), 
n. - a composite plant with large 
heads of showy flowers ; a flower of 
this plant. 

chrysolite (kris'6-lit), n. 2l green- 
colored and sometimes transparent 
gem. 

chrysoprase (kris'o-praz), n. a va- 
riety of chalcedony of apple-green 
color. 

chub (chub), n. a fresh- water fish. 



chubbiness (chub'i-nes), n. plump- 
ness. 

chubby (chub'i), adj. plump; fat 
and round. 

chuck (chuk), v.t. to make a noise 
like a hen calling to her chickens : n. 
a hen's call. 

chuck (chuk), v.t. to pat in a play- 
ful manner ; throw smartly to a 
short distance; hold in a chuck t n. 
a light blow under the chin '; a short 
toss ; an appendage to a lathe to 
secure the work to be turned. 

chuckle (chuk'l), n. a quiet, sup- 
pressed laugh : v.i. to laugh in such 
a manner. 

chum (chum), n. one who lodges in 
the same apartment ; a college stu- 
dent ; an old or intimate friend : v.i. 
[p.t. & p.p. chummed ; p.pr. chum- 
ming], to occupy the same room. 

chump (chump), n. a short, thick, 
heavy piece of wood. 

chunk (chungk), n. a short, thick 
piece ; a thick-set strong person or 
animal. 

chunky (chung'ki), adj. short and 
thick. 

church (cherch), n. a building set 
apart or consecrated for divine wor- 
ship. 

Church (cherch), n. the collective 
body of Christians ; a particular 
body of Christians ; the clergy. 

Churchman (-man), n. an adherent 
of the Established Church ; an Epis- 
copalian. 

church-warden ('wawr-dn), n. in 
the Anglican Church, one of two 
ofiicers chosen at Easter in every 
parish to attend to the secular af- 
fairs of the church, and to act as 
the legal representatives of the 
parish ; a long clay pipe. 

churl (cherl), n. formerly one of the 
lowest orders of freemen ; a peasant ; 
a surly ill-bred person ; a niggard. 

churlish ('ish), adj. ill-bred; nig- 
gardly. 

churn (chern), n. a vessel in which 
milk or cream is agitated to form 
butter : v.t. to make (butter) by agi- 
tating milk or cream ; agitate by 
violent motion. 

chute (shoot), w. an inclined trough 
for sending articles down ; an aquat- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



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185 



elr 



ic switch-back; a river-fall over 
which timber is floated; a stam- 
pede ; a_ bayou. 
chyle (kll), n. a milk-like fluid sepa- 
rated from digested matter in the 
stomach, absorbed by the lacteal 
vessels, and assimilated into blood. 

diyme (kim), n. the pulpy mass of 
digested food prior to the separa- 
tion of the chyle. 

cicada (si-ka'dA), n. [pi. cicadse 
('de)], a genuM of insects having 
the power of producing a shrill 
sound. 

cicatria: (sik'a-ti'iks), n. [pi. cica- 
trices (-tri-sez)j, the scar remain- 
ing after a wour.di has healed. 

cicatrize (sik'a-ti^!iz), v.t. to heal (a 
M^ound) by iadvicing the skin to 
form a cicatrix. 

cicerone ( sis-e-ro'ne ; Italian che-cha- 
ro'ne), n. [pi. cicorones (-nez), cice- 
roni ('ne)], a guide who explains 
the antiquities and chief features 
of a place. 

Cid (sid), n. a chief or commander, 
especially in Sparash literature ; the 
hero, Ruy Diaz, the Christian cham- 
pion against the Moors ; the name 
of a Spanish epic. 

cider (si'der), n. the juice of apples 
expressed and fermented. 

ci devant ( se-de-vang' ) , adj. former : 
used with reference to an office pre- 
viously held. 

cierge (serg), n. a wax candle used 
in religious processions. 

cigar (si-gar'), n. a small roll of to- 
bacco-leaf used for smoking. 

cigarette (sig-a-ret'), n. a small ci- 
gar made of tobacco rolled in thin 
paper. 

cilia (sil'i-a), n.pl. the hair of the 
eyelids ; long minute hair-like ap- 
pendages on the margins of vege- 
table bodies ; the very minute vibra- 
tile filaments lining or covering 
certain organs. 

ciliated (sil'i-a-ted), adj. covered 
with cilia. 

Cimmerian, (kim- or sim-e'ri-an), 
adj. pertaining to the Cimmerii, a 
fabulous people mentioned by Homer 
as living in perpetual darkness : 
hence intensely dark ; gloomy. 

cinch (sinch), n. a saddle girth firm- 



ly fastened in place by loop and 
knots ; a sure grip or hold. 
cinchona (sin-ko'na), n. a South 
American tree which yields quinine. 

cinchonism (sin'ko-niam), n. a con- 
dition of the system characterized 
by buzzing in the ears, deafness, 
&c., caused by the excessive use of 
quinine. 

cincture (singk'ttir), n. a belt or 
girdle worn round the waist ; a 
raised or carved ring at the bottom 
and top of a pillar. 

cinder (sin'der), n. any piece of a 
body thoroughly burnt but not re- 
duced to ashes : pi. volcanic scoriae ; 
^ slag. 

cinematograph ( sin-e-mat'o-graf ) , 
n. a French device similar to the 
biograph. 

cinerary (sin'e-ra-ri), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or containing, ashes : applied 
to sepulchral urns. 

cinnabar (sin'a-bar), n. red sulphide 
of mercury. 

cinnamon (sin'a-mun), n. the inner 
aromatic bark of an East Indian 
tree : adj. light-reddish brown. 

cinque (singk), n. a five. 

cinque-foil (-foil), n. a plant of the 
genus Potentilla ; five fingers ; an 
architectural ornamentation resem- 
bling five leaves. 

cipher (si'fer), n. the symbol 0: 
hence a person or anything without 
value or power ; a monogram ; a 
secret manner of writing, or the key 
to it ; a code : v.i. to practice arith- 
metic ; to sound independently of the 
player : v.t. to express in cipher. 

circle (ser'kl), n. a round body; a 
plane figure bounded by a single 
curved line called its circumference, 
every part of which is equally dis- 
tant from a point within it, called 
the center ; an orb ; an enclosure ; a 
sphere or position in society ; a 
number of persons or things united 
by a common bond ; a coterie ; an 
administrative division of a coun- 
try ; an inconclusive form of argu- 
ment : v.t. to encompass : v.i. move 
in a circle ; to revolve. 

circlet (serk'let), n. a small circle. 

circuit (ser'ket), n. the act of going 
round anything ; the space enclosed 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



cir 



186 



, in a circle ; the journey of a judge 
from one place to another to hold 
assizes ; a district assigned to an 
itinerant preacher ; the arrange- 
ment by which an electrical current 
is kept up between the two poles of 
a battery or machine ; the path of 
the electric current. 

circuitous (ser-kti'i-tus), adj. round- 
about. 

circular (ser'kti-lar), adj. round like 
a circle ; ending in itself ; intended 
for circulation : n. a printed or 
written letter or notice. 

circularize (ser'ku-lar-iz), v.t. to 
make circular ; send circulars to. 

circulate (ser'ku-lat), v.t. to cause 
to pass from point to point or from 
one person to another : vA. move 
round and return to the same point ; 
pass from hand to hand ; be diffused 
or distributed ; travel. 

circulation (ser-ku-la'shun), n. the 
act of moving round ; passing or 
transmitting from place to place ; 
the extent to which a thing is cir- 
culated ; currencv of money. 

circulator ( ser'ku-la-ter ) , n. a cir- 
culating decimal. 

circulatory (ser'kti-la-to-ri), adj. 
circulating. 

eircum (ser'kum), a prefix = 
around, forming compounds the 
meaning of many of which is ob- 
vious, as ctrcwmpolar, around the 
pole, &c. 

circumamljient (ser - kum - am'bi- 
ent), adj. inclosing, or being sur- 
rounded, on all sides. 

circumcise (ser'kum-siz), v.t. to cut 
off the foreskin or prepuce ; purify 
the heart. 

circumcisioB, (ser'kum-sizh-un), n. 
the act of circumcising ; spiritual 
purification. 

circumference (ser-kum'fer-ens), n. 
the line that bounds a circle ; a pe- 
riphery. 

circumferential ( ser-kum-f er-en'- 
shal ) , adj. pertaining to the circum- 
ference. 

circumferentially (-li), adj. in a 
circumferential manner. 

circumflect (ser-kum-flekt'), v.t. to 
bend around. 



circumflection, n. Same as circum- 
flexion. 

circumflex (ser'kum-fleks) , n. a mark 
C^ ^ '^) Qygj, g^ vowel or syllable 
to denote accent or contraction : 
adj. marked with such an accent ; 
curved or winding : v.t. to pro- 
nounce or mark with the circum- 
flex. 

cir cumflexion ( ser-kum-flek'shun ) , 
n. the act of marking with a cir- 
cumflex. 

circumfuse ( ser-kum-fuz' ) , v.t. to 
pour or spread around. 

circumjacent (ser-kum-ja'sent) ,a(f/. 
lying around ; bordering on every 
side. 

circumlocution ( ser - kum - lo-ku'- 
shun), n. a roundabout way of 
speaking ; an indirect mode of state- 
ment. 

circumlocutionary (-a-ri), adj. 
roundabout. 

circumlocutory ( ser-kum-lok'u-to- 
ri ) , adj. expressing few words in 
many. 

cir cumnavigable ( ser-kum-nav'i- 
ga-bl), adj. capable of being circum- 
navigated. 

circumnavigate (ser - kum - nav'i- 
gat), v.t. to sail round: usually the 
globe. 

circumnavigator ( ser-kum-nav'i- 
ga-ter), n. one who circumnavigates. 

circumscribe (ser-kum-skrib'), v.t. 
to inclose within certain lines or 
boundaries ; restrict. 

circumscriptive (-skrip'tiv), adj, 
limiting. 

circumspect (ser'kum-spekt), adj. 
cautious ; prudent ; watchful on all 
sides. 

circumspection (ser - kum - spek'- 
shun), n. caution; watchfulness on 
every side ; prudence. 

circumstance (ser'kum-stans), n. 
something relative or appendent to 
a fact ; an incident : pi. state of af- 
fairs : v.t. to place in a particular 
situation [only in p.p.]. 

circumstantial ( ser-kum-stan'shal ) , 
n. something incidental and sub- 
ordinate to the main subject : pi. 
incidentals : adj. accidental ; de- 
tailed ; proving indirectly. 



ate, arm, 



at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, tlien. 



cir 



187 



cia^ 



circumstantiality (-shi-al'i-ti), n. 
the state of being circumstantial ; 
fullness of detail. 

circumstantially (-li), adv. in- 
cidentally ; not essentially ; minute- 
ly ; exactly. 

circumstantiate ( ser-kum-stan'shi- 
at), v.t, to verify in every particu- 
lar. 

circumvallation (ser-kum-val-a'- 
shun), n. the act of throwing up 
walls or fortifications. 

circumvent (ser-kum-vent'), n. to 
gain an advantage over by strata- 
gem or deception. 

circumvention (-ven'shun), n. the 
act of circumventing; a stratagem. 

circumventive ('tiv), adj. deceiv- 
ing by artifice. 

circumvolution ( ser - kum - vo-lii'- 
shun), n. the act of rolling round; 
^the state of being rolled round. 

circus (ser'kus), n. [pi. circuses 

(-ez)], a large level oblong space 

for £eats of horsemanship, &c., with 

seats for the spectators arranged 

^ in tiers ; a semi-circular space. 

cisalpine (sis-al'pin), adj. this side 
of the Alps with regard to Rome ; 
south of the Alps. 

cisatlantic (sis-at-lan'tik), adj. on 
this side of the Atlantic Ocean. 

cistern (sis'tern), n. a natural or ar- 
tificial receptacle for storing water ; 
a reservoir. 

citadel (sit'a-del), n. a fortress; a 
being cited. 

citadel (sit'a-del), n. a fortress, a 
castle. 

citation (sl-ta'shun), n. an official 
summons to appear before a court, 
especially an ecclesiastical court ; a 
quotation. 

citatory ( si'ta-to-ri ) , adj. having the 
^ form or nature of a citation ; citing. 

cite (sit), v.t. to summon officially to 
appear in court ; quote. 

cithara (sith'a-ra), n. an ancient 
lyre. 

citizen (sit'i-zen), n. a native or in- 
habitant of a town or city ; a free- 
man ; a member of a state or na- 
tion who enjoys political rights and 
privileges ; a tradesman. 

citrate (sit'rat), n. a salt of citric 
acid. 



citric acid (sit'rik as'id), n. an acid 
found in the lemon and orange. 

citron (sit'run), n. a tree with a 
fruit like the lemon. 

city (sit'i), n. [pi. cities ('iz)], a 
large and important town ; a corpo- 
rate town. 

civet (siv'et), n. a musky secretiori 
of the- anal glands of the civet cat. 

civic (siv'ik), adj. pertaining to a 
city. 

civil (siv'il), adj. relating to the af- 
fairs of a city or government ; in- 
testine ; non-international ; not mili- 
tary or criminal ; complaisant ; well- 
bred. 

civil service (ser'vis), n. the paid 
service of the State not exclusively 
naval or military. 

civil \ffSLV (wawr), n. war between 
two factions of the same country. 

civilian (si-vil'yan), n. one engaged 
in the pursuits of civil life : adj, oc- 
cupied in civil pursuits. 

civility (si-vil'i-ti), n. [pi. civilities 
(-tiz)], good breeding; courtesy. 

civilization (siv-i-li-za'shun), n, 
the act or state of being civilized; 
culture ; refinement. 

civilize (siv'i-llz), v.t. to reclaim 
from a savage state ; instruct in the 
arts and refinements of civilized 
life. 

civilly ( siv'il-li ) , adv. in a civil man- 
ner. 

clack (klak), v.i. to make a sudden, 
sharp sound ; chatter rapidly and 
continuously : n. a sudden, sharp 
sound ; continual prattle ; a variety 
of ball-valve ; a mechanical contri- 
vance in a corn-mill. 

clad, p.t. of clothe. 

claim (klam), v.t. to demand as a 
right, or by authority : v.i. to be 
entitled to anything ; assert or put 
forward a claim : w. a demand ; a 
right or title to anything ; the thing 
claimed ; a piece of land which a 
miner marks out in accordance with 
mining law. 

claimant (kla'mant), n. one who 
demands anything as his right. 

clairaudience (klar-aw'di-ens) , n. 
the supposed power of hearing in a 
trance sounds otherwise inaudible. 

clairvoyance (klar-voi'ans), n. the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



«la 



188 



cla 



power attributed to persons in a 
mesmeric state of seeing objects not 
usually perceptible. 

clairvoyant ('ant), adj. pertaining 
to, or characterized by, clairvoy- 
ance : n. one who professes to have 
the power of clairvoyance : fcm. 
clairvoyante. 

dam. (klam), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. clam- 
med, p.pr. clamming], to clog with 
any glutinous matter : v.i. 'to be 
moist and cold. 

clam (klam), n. an edible bivalve 
mollusk. 

clam-bake (-bak), n. clams baked 
with sea-weed ; a picnic at which 
baked clams form the chief dish. 

clamber (klam'ber), v.t. to ascend 
or climb with difficulty. 

clamLmiily (-li), adv. in a clammy 
manner. 

clamminess (klam'i-nes), n. the 
state of being clammy. 

clammy (klam'i), adj. soft and 
sticky. 

clamor (klam'er), n. a loud and con- 
tinued noise ; popular outcry : v.t. 
shout with a loud voice : v.i. make 
importunate demands. 

clamorous (klam'er-us), adj. vocif- 
erous. 

clamp (klamp), n. anything that 
fastens or binds ; a piece of wood, 
metal, &c., used to bring two things 
together : v.t. to fasten or bind with 
clamps. 

clan (klan), n. sl tribe or association 
of families united under one chief- 
tain, having one common ancestor, 
and the same surname. 

clandestine (-des'tin), adj. secret; 
private. 

clandestinely (-li), adv. in a secret 
manner. 

clang (klang), n. a loud, sharp, ring- 
ing metallic sound : v.t. to cause to 
resound with a clang : v.i. give out a 
clang. 

clangor ('ger), n. a sharp clang. 

clank (klangk), n. a sharp, hard 
, metallic sound : v.t. & v.i. to rattle 
and sound, as chains. 

clannish (klan'ish), adj. pertaining 
to a clan ; closely adherent. 

clap (klap), v.t. & v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
clapped, p.pr. clapping], to strike 



one thing against another with a 
quick, sharp noise ; indicate approv- 
al by striking the hands together ; 
put on quickly : n. a loud noise 
made by a sudden collision ; applause 
expressed by clapping ; a sudden act 
or movement. 

clapboard (klab'ord), n. a thin, 
narrow board, used for the covering 
of the sides of frame houses. 

clapper ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, claps ; the tongue of a bell ; 
the clack of a mill-hopper. 

claque (klak), n. an organized body 
of men who applaud or express dis- 
approval at theaters : hence inter- 
ested admirers. 

claquer (kla-ker'), n. a member of a 
claque. 

claret (klar'et), n. a light bodied 
wine of a dark-red color ; blood : adj. 
claret-colored. 

clarification (klar-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
the act of clarifying. 

clarify (klar'i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
clarified, p.pr. clarifying], to make 
clear from impurities : v.i. to be- 
come bright. 

clarinet (klar'i-net), n. a keyed reed 
instrument of the oboe class. Also 
clarionet. 

clarion (klar'ri-un), n. a kind of 
trumpet. 

clask (klash), v.i. to make a loud 
harsh noise by mutual collision : v.t. 
to strike violently together : n. the 
noise so produced. 

clasp (klasp), v.t. to shut or fasten 
together with, or as with, a clasp : 
n. a hook to hold anything close ; a 
close embrace. 

clasper ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, clasps; a tendril. 

class (clas), n. a rank or order of 
persons or things ; a number of 
students of the same status ; a group 
of animals or plants next in rank 
above an order : v.t. to classify. 

class meeting (met'ing), n. a class, 
under a class-leader, for religious 
instruction. 

classic (klas'ik), adj. of, or relating 
to, the highest class or rank in lit- 
erature or art ; pertaining to, or 
having the characteristics of, the 
Greek or Roman authors ; relating 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



Ola 



189 



cle 



to localities associated with great 
authors or events ; pure ; refined ; 
clear-cut. Also classical : n. an 
author of the first rank whose 
works serve as a standard ; one 
versed in Greek and Latin litera- 
ture : pi. ancient Greek and Latin 
literature. 

classically (-al-li), adv. in the style 
or manner of a classic. 

classification (klas-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
the art of forming or dividing into 
classes. 

classificatory (klas'i - fi-ka-to-ri) , 
adj. relating to, or forming the basis 
of, classification. 

classifier (klas'i-fi-er), n. one who 
classifies. 

classify (klas'i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
classified; p.pr. classifying], to ar- 
range in classes ; systematize. 

classman (klas'man), n. [pi. class- 
men ('men)], a student who has 
gained honors at an examination : 
opposed to passman. 

clatter (klat'er), v.i. to make a noise 
by knocking two sonorous bodies 
frequently together ; talk idly and 
noisily : v.t. to strike anything to 
make a clatter : n. a continuous or 
confused noise ; idle gossip. 

clause (klawz), n. a separate part of 
a written composition, or a sentence ; 
a special proviso in a document. 

claustral (klaws'tral), adj. pertain- 
ing to a cloister. 

clavate (kla'vat), adj. club-shaped. 

clavichord (klav'i-k6rd), n. a medi- 
aeval stringed instrument. Also clari- 
chord. 

clavicle (klav'i-kal), n. the collar- 
bone. 

clavier (kla-ver'), n. the key-board 
of an organ, pianoforte, or harmo- 
nium. 

claw (klaw), n. a sharp hooked nail 
in the foot of an animal, as the cat ; 
the whole foot of a bird ; anything 
resembling a claw ; the narrow part 
at the base of a leaf or foot-stalk of 
a petal : v.t. to tear or scratch with, 
or as if with, claws. 

clay (kla), n. anything easily mold- 
ed ; soft plastic earth ; the bodily or 
earthly nature of man : adj. made of 



or like clay : v.t. to purify, cover, or 
manure with clay. 

claymore (kla'mor), n. a Highland 
broad-sword. 

clean (klen), adj. free from dirt oi^ 
extraneous matter ; morally or cere- 
monially pure : adv. in a clean man- 
ner ; entirely ; cleverly ; v.t. to ren- 
der clean. 

clean-cut (-kut), adj. clear-cut; 
well-shaped. 

cleanlily (klen'li-li), adv. in a clean- 
ly manner ; adroitly. 

cleanliness (-nes), n. the state of 
being clean. 

cleanly (klen'li), adj. neat; pure: 
adv. wholly clean. 

cleanness (klen'nes), n. moral or 
physical purity ; neatness. 

cleanse (klenz), v.t. to make clean; 
purify from moral impurity or guilt. 

clear (kler), adj. bright; pure; un- 
dimmed ; translucent ; manifest to= 
the understanding ; unobstructed ; 
audible; unadulterated: v.t. to make 
bright ; render evident ; free from 
obstructions ; render more acute or 
quick ; prove or declare innocent ; 
free from legal detention, as im- 
ported goods : v.i. leave a port ; ex- 
change ch;eques, bills, &c., at a bank» 

clear-cut (kut), adj. having a sharp, 
clearly-defined outline, as if chisejed. 

clearance (kler'ans), n. the act of 
clearing. 

clearing (kler'ing), n. the act of 
making clear ; land cleared of tim- 
ber. 

clearstarch (kler'starch), v.t. to- 
stiffen or dress with starch. 

cleat (klet), n. a thin piece of iron 
worn on boots to make them more 
durable ; a piece of wood or iron on 
the yard-arm of a ship to keep the 
ropes from slipping ; a strip of wood 
nailed across a board : v.t. to secure 
or strengthen with a cleat. 

cleavable (kle-va-bl), adj. divisible. 

cleavage (kle'vaj), n. the act of 
splitting ; the property of some min- 
erals and rocks of being broken in 
one or more directions. 

cleave (klev), v.i. [p.t. clave, cleaved, 
p.p. cleaved, p.pr. cleaving], to ad- 
here to ; be attached strongly to. 



ate, arm, 



at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ele 



190 



cli 



cleave (klev), v.t, [p.t, cleft, clove, 
p.p. cleft, cloven, cleaved, p.pr. 
cleaving], to divide with violence; 
part naturally. 

cleaver (kle'ver), n. a butcher's 
heavy hatchet for dividing carcasses. 

cleavers (kle'verz), n. goose-grass. 

clef (kief), n. s. figure at the begin- 
ning of each staff in music to indi- 
cate the pitch of all the notes on 
one particular line or space. 

cleft, p.t. & p.p. of cleave, to split. 

cleft (kleft), n. a crack; crevice. 

clematis (klem'a-tis), n. a perennial 
plant of the crowfoot family. 

clemency (klem'en-si), n. [pi. clem- 
encies (-siz)], compassion; remis- 
sion. 

clement (klem'ent), adj. compassion- 
ate ; forgiving ; gentle ; forbearing. 

clergy (kler'ji), n. a body of men set 
apart by ordination for the service 
of the Church. 

clergyman (-man), n. [pi. clergy- 
men (-men)], a minister. 

clerical (kler'i-kal), adj. pertaining 
to the clergy ; pertaining to a clerk, 
^ ,, . writer, or copyist. 
■^-■^r- clerical-error (er'er), n. an error 
in copying. 

clerk (klerk), n. a parish clerk; a 
scholar ; one engaged in an office to 
conduct correspondence, keep books, 
or transact business generally ; an 
assistant salesman in a store or 
shop : v.i. to act as clerk or sales- 
man. 

clever (klev'er), adj. possessing skill 
or ability ; dexterous ; expert ; good 
naturedand obliging. 

clew (kloo), 11. a ball of thread; one 
of the corners of a sail : v.t. to truss 
up (sails) to the yard of a ship. 

click (klik), v.i. to make a short 
sharp successive noise : v.t. to move 
with a clicking sound : n. a slight 
sharp sound ; a catch for retaining 
a bolt. 

client (kli'ent), n. one who employs 
a lawyer ; one dependent upon an- 
other's patronage. 

clientage ( kli'en-ti j ) , n. the condi- 
tion of being a client; clients col- 
lectively. 

cliff (klif ) , n. high steep rock or bank. 

climacteric ( kli-mak'ter-ik ) , n. one 



of the critical periods in human life 
when some great change is supposed 
to take place in the constitution. 

climate (kll'mat), n. the temperature 
and meteorological conditions of a 
country, &c. 

climatic (kli-mat'ik), adj. relating 
to, or connected with, climate. 

climatize (kli'ma-tiz), v.t. to accus- 
tom to a new climate. 

climatography (kli-ma-tog'ra-fi), n. 
a description of climates. 

climatology (-tol'o-ji), n. meteor- 
ology. 

climatometer (kli-ma-tom'e-ter), n. 
an instrument for recording varia- 
tions of temperature in any given 
region. 

climax (kll'maks), n. the summit; 
acme. 

climb (klim), v.i. to mount or as- 
cend, as by the hands and feet : v.t. 
ascend laboriously : n. an ascent by 
climbing. 

clime (klim), n. a country, region, or 
tract. 

clinch (klinch), v.t. to rivet; fix 
firmly by folding over ; double up 
tightly, as the fingers ; to hold fast : 
n. anything that holds both ways ; a 
mode of fastening large ropes. 

cling (kling), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. clung, 
p.pr. clinging], to adhere closely; 
hold fast by embracing or entwin- 
ing. 

clinic (klin'ik), n. a medical lecture 
at the bedside or in the presence of 
patients. 

clinical (klin'ik-al), adj. pertaining 
to a clinic. 

clinically (-li), adv. in a clinical 
manner. 

clink (klingk), v.t. to strike so as to 
make a slight sharp sound : v.i: to 
make a clinking noise : n. a slight 
sharp successive vibrating noise. 

cli-nker ('er), n. a mass of partly 
vitrified brick ; slag. 

clip (klip), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. clipped, 
dipt: p.pr. clipping], to cut with 
shears or scissors ; cut off ; former- 
ly to debase coin by cutting off the 
edges : v.i. mOve quickly : n. the wool 
of a season's shearing ; a spring 
holder for holding papers; a slight 
blow with the hand. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ell 



191 



do 



clipper (/er), one who, or that 
which, clips ; an instrument for cut- 
ting the hair of horses ; a sailing 
vessel with very sharp lines and 
great sprsr>d of canvas ; a person or 
animal that runs swiftly ; a first- 
rate person or thing. 

clique (klek), n. a group of persons 
united for some common purpose 
(usually sinister) ; a coterie; a ring. 

cloak (klok), n. sl sleeveless, loose 
outer garment worn by both sexes : 
hence, a pretext ; disguise : v.t. to 
cover with, or as with, a cloak ; 
cover up or conceal. 

clock (klok), n. a machine for meas- 
uring and indicating the divisions of 
time by means of hands moving over 
a dial-plate. 

clock (klok),w. a woven or embroid- 
ered ornament upon a stocking. 

clockwise ('wiz), adv. in the direc- 
tion of the rotation of the hands of 
a clock. 

clod (klod), n. a lump of earth, turf, 
or clay ; a bait used in eel-fishing ; 
the shoulder part of the neck-piece 
in beef. 

clog (klog), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. clogged: 
p.pr. clogging], to load with any- 
thing that may impede motion ; em- 
barrass : v.i. to stick or cluster to- 
gether : n. a load or weight ; a hin- 
drance ; a kind of wooden shoe. 

clogginess ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being clogged. 

cloggy (klog'i), adj. clogging; ad- 
hesive. 

cloister (klois'ter), n. a place of re- 
ligious retirement ; a monastery or 
nunnery : pi. an arched way or cov- 
ered walk running round an ecclesi- 
astical building or college : v.t. to 
confine in, or as in, a cloister or 
convent ; seclude from the world. 

cloistral (klois'tral), adj. pertaining 
to, or confined in, a cloister ; se- 
cluded. 

close (kloz), v.t. to shut; surround 
closely ; unite together ; consolidate ; 
end : v.i. to come together ; shut in ; 
coalesce ; engage in hand-to-hand 
conflict ; grapple : n. an inclosed 
space ; the precincts of a cathedral 
or abbey; an alley: adj. (klos) hav- 
ing no outlet ; confined ; without ven- 



tilation ; oppressive ; minute ; con- 
cise ; reticent ; niggardly : adv. near. 

close corporation (klos kor-po-ra'- 
shun), n. a corporation in which 
vacancies are filled by its members. 

close-hauled (-hawld), adj. kept as 
near to the wind as possible. 

close port (port), n. a river port. 

close-reef (-ref), n. the last reef in 
a sail. 

close season (se'zun), n. certain 
months in the year in which it is il- 
legal to kill game, protected wild 
birds, fish, &c. 

closet (kloz'et), n. a small room for 
privacy or retirement ; a place for 
storing valuable things or household 
requisites : adj. private ; secluded : 
v.t. to receive in a private room for 
confidential consultation. 

closure (klo'zhtir), n. the act of shut- 
ting up ; that which closes ; the end ; 
the closing of a debate by the vote 
of the majority (the cloture) : v.t. 
to end (a debate) by closure. 

clot (klot), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. clotted, 
p.pr. clotting], to coagulate: v.t. to 
make, form into, or cover with, 
clots : n. a concrete or coagTilate 
mass of soft or fluid matter. 

cloth (kl6th).w, [p?. cloths (klo^/iz)], 
a woven fabric of some fibrous ma- 
terial, especially wool ; a table cover- 
ing ; the distinctive dress of any 
profession, especially the clerical. 

clothe (kloth), v.t. to put raiment 
on ; cover with, or as with, a gar- 
ment. 

clothes (klo^Tiz), n.pl. covering for 
the body ; dress ; bedclothes. 

clothier (kloth'jer) , n. one who 
manufactures or sells clothes. 

clothing (klo^/i'ing), n. garments in 
general. 

cloture. See closure. 

cloud (kloud), n. a mass of visible 
vapor floating in the atmosphere ; a 
volume of smoke or dust ; the dark 
markings in marble or precious, 
stones ; a diffused body of anything ; 
a multitude ; a light woolen shawl : 
v.t. to overspread with, or as with, 
a cloud ; render gloomy ; blacken or 
sully : v.i. to grow cloudy. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



<clo 



192 



cloud-burst ('berst), n. a violent 
downpour of rain over a very lim- 
ited area. 

clougb. (kluf), n. a ravine in a rock 
or hillside ; a gorge ; a kind of 
sluice. 

•clout (klout), n. a piece of cloth or 
leather for patching ; a cloth for any 
mean use ; the center mark of an 
archery target ; an arrow that has 
hit the center ; a blow on the head 
with the hand : v.t. to patch or mend 
coarsely ; strike with the hand. 

clove, p.t.ot cleave. 

clove (klov), n. a pungent aromatic 
spice. 

cloven (klo'ven), p.adj. divided into 
twc parts 

clover (klo'ver), n. a species of grass. 

cIotth (Moun), n. a rustic; an ill- 
bred fellow ; a professional jester or 
buffoon. 

clownish, ('ish), adj. like a clown. 

cloy (kloi)j v.t. \_p.t. & p.p. cloyed, 
p.pr. cloying], to fill to repletion; 
surfeit. 

club ( klub ), n. Si heavy stick ; one of 
the suits of cards marked with tre- 
foils ; a number of persons associ- 
ated for a common purpose or mu- 
tual benefit ; a joint expense : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. clubbed, p.pr. clubbing], 
to beat with a club ; unite in a solid 
mass : v.i. contribute to a common 
expense. 

clubbable ('a-bl), adj. having the 
qualities which fit a man to associ- 
ate in a club. 

club-foot ('foot), n. a deformed 
foot. 

club-haul ('hawl), v.t. to tack (a 
ship) by dropping the lee anchor as 
soon as the wind is out of the sails, 
bringing the ship's head to the wind. 

club-moss Cmos) , n. the lycopodium. 

cluck (kluk), v.i. to cry or call like 
a hen to her chickens : n. a hen's 
call ; the peculiar click uttered by 
some South African tribes. 

clue (kloo), n. a hint; a clew. 

dumber (klum'ber) , n. a field spaniel. 

clump (klump), n. a cluster of trees, 
&c. ; a thick sole : pi. a social game : 
v.t. arrange in a clump : v.i. tread 
clumsily. 



clumsily (klum'zi-li), adv. awkward- 
ly ; heavily. 

clumsy (klum'zi), adj. awkward; 
heavy. 

clung, p.f. of cling. 

cluster (klus'ter), n. a number of 
things of the same kind growing or 
collected together ; a bunch : v.i. to 
grow or gather into bunches ; con- 
gregate. 

clutch (kluch), v.t. to grasp, seize, or 
grip strongly : v.i. to snatch or seize 
[with at} : n. sl grasp ; seizure : pi. 
hands ; claws. 

clyster (klis'ter), n. a liquid injected 
into the lower intestines by a syr- 
inge ; an enema. 

CO- (ko), a prefix, meaning with, to- 
gether, entering into the composi- 
tion of many words, the sense of 
which is generally self-evident, as 
co-trustee, a joint trustee. 

coach (koch), n. a large covered four- 
wheeled public or private carriage ; 
a tutor who especially prepares an- 
other for an examination or an ath- 
letic contest : v.t. to instruct or 
train for an examination, &c. 

coagulant (ko-ag'ti-lant), n. a sub- 
stance that produces coagulation. 

coagulate (ko-ag'ti-lat), v.t. to clot 
or curdle. 

coagulation (-u-la'shun), n. the act 
of coagulating ; the state of being 
coagulated. 

coagulative (-tiv), adj. causing co- 
agulation. 

coagulator (-ter), n. that which 
causes coagulation. 

coagulum ('u-lum), n. [pi. coagula 
(-la)], a clot of lalood; a curdled 



coal (kol), n. mineralized vegetable 
matter, used in its hardened form 
as fuel : v.t. to furnish with coals : 
v.i. take in coal. 

coal-oil ('oil), n. petroleum. 

coal-tar ('tar), n. a thick opaque 
liquid distilled from bituminous coal, 
and from which many rich dye col- 
ors are obtained. 

coalesce (ko-a-les'), v.t. to grow to- 
gether ; combine ; unite. 

coalescence ('ens), n. the act of 
coalescing. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



193 



coalescent ('ent), adj. growing to- 
gether. 

coalition, (ko-a-lish'un), n. union in 
a body or mass ; a combination of 
persons. 

coamings (kom'ings), w.???. the raised 
wood or iron borders of the hatches 
of a vessel. 

coaptation (ko-ap-ta'shun), n. the 
adjustment or adaptation of parts to 
one another. 

coarse (kors), adj. large in texture 
or size ; not refined ; rough ; rude ; 
indelicate. 

coarse-grained ('grand), adj. hav- 
ing a coarse grain ; ill-tempered. 

coarsely (kors'li), adv. in a coarse 
manner. 

coarseness ('nes), n. the quality of 
being coarse. 

coast (kost), n. the margin of the 
land next the sea ; a frontier ; a 
slide in a sledge down an incline : 
v.i. to sail near or along the coast ; 
descend an incline in a sledge, or on 
a bicycle without working the ped- 
als : v.t. to sail close or near to. 

coaster ('er), n. a home-trading ves- 
sel ; one who coasts on a sled. 

coastguard ('gard), n. a member of 
the service for watching the sea, 
originally to check smuggling. 

coasting-trade ('ing-trad), the 
trade carried on from port to port 
of the same country. 

coastwise ('wiz), adv. by, or along, 
the coast. 

coat (kot), n. an outer garment cov- 
ering the upper part of the body ; an 
external covering, as fur, &c. ; a 
thin layer ; an integument : v.t. to 
cover or spread over. 

coat-car d_ (-kard), n. a court-card. 

coatee (ko-te'), n. a close-fitting coat 
with short tails. 

coat of arms (of armz), n. the em- 
blazonment of armorial bearings on 
an escutcheon. 

coat of mail (mal), n. chain-mail. 

coax (koks), v.t. to wheedle; cajole. 

coaxial (ko-ak'si-al), adj. having a 
common axis. 

cob (kob), n. a roundish piece of any- 
thing ; the spike of Indian corn ; a 
strong thickset pony ; a young her- 
ring ; a spider ; a pellet for feeding 



fowls ; the bull-head or miller's 
thumb ; a sea-gull ; a kind of wicker 
basket ; a kind of breakwater : v.t, 
[p.t. & p.p. cobbed, p.pr. cobbing], 
to punish with a strap ; break (ore). 

cobalt (ko'bawlt), n. a steel-grey 
metal. 

cobble (kob'l), n. a pebble; a round 
medium-sized stone ; clumsy work : 
v.t. to mend or patch up coarsely : 
v.i. work clumsily. 

cobbler ('ler), n. one who mends 
boots and shoes ; a clumsy work- 
man ; a cooling summer drink of ice, 
wine, &c. 

cobra-de-capello ( ko'bra-de-ka-pel'- 
o), n. a large and most venomous 
hooded snake. 

cobweb (kob'web), n. a spider's web : 
hence, a net or snare ; old musty 
rubbish : adj. made of, or like, a 
cobweb ; flimsy. 

coca (ko'ka), n. the dried leaf of a 
small South American shrub : a pow- 
erful tonic. 

cocaine (-in), n. a powerful alkaloid 
extracted from coca leaves. 

cocainism (-izm), n. the morbid hab- 
it of using cocaine to excess. 

cocainize (-iz), v.t. to subject to, or 
render insensible by cocaine. 

cocculus indicus (kok'ii-lus in-di'- 
kus), n. an East Indian climbing 
shrub possessing acrid narcotic 
properties. 

cochineal (koch'i-nel), n. a scarlet 
dye obtained from the dried body 
of an insect. 

cochlea (kok'le-a), n. [pi. cochleae 
(-e)], the spiral-shaped cavity of 
the inner ear. 

cochleate (kok'le-at), ad!/, screw-like. 

cock (kok), n. the male of birds, es- 
pecially the domestic fowl ; the male 
of certain animals other than birds ; 
a vane in the shape of a cock ; a 
leader or chief ; a turn-valve for reg- 
ulating the flow of a liquid or gas ; 
a small conical heap of hay. 

cock (kok), v.t. to turn up or set (the 
hat or head) jauntily on one side; 
erect : n. the action of the verb to 
cock. 

cock-eyed ('id), adj. having squint- 
ing eyes. 



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book; hue, hut; think, then. 



194 



cog 



cockade (-ad'), n. a badge or ribbon 
worn on the hat. 

cockatoo (-a-too'), n. a crested bird 
of the parrot family. 

cockatrice ('a-tris, or-tris), n. a fab- 
ulous serpent said to have been 
hatched in a cock's egg, and possess- 
ing the power of killing by a glance 
of its eye. 

cockboat ('bot), n. a small boat. 

cockchafer ('cha-fer), n. the May- 
bug. 

cocker oxtr ('kro), n. early morning. 

cockee (-e'), n. the spot where a curl- 
ing player stands to hurl. 

cockerel ('er-el), n. a young cock. 

cockle ('1), v.t. to contract into 
wrinkles. 

eockle ( '1 ) , w. an edible shell-fish with 
two heart-shaped wrinkled shells; 
the plant corncockle or darnel ; a 
kiln for drying hops ; a stove for 
drying biscuit-ware. 

cockney (kok'ni), n. a Londoner: 
traditionally one born within sound 
of the bells of Bow Church, Cheap- 
side. 

cockney dom (-dum), n. London and 
its suburbs. 

cockpit (kok'pit), n. an enclosed 
space for cockfighting. 

cockroach ('roch), n. a black beetle. 

cocoa (ko'ko), n. a palm which pro- 
duces the cocoanut. Also coco. 

cocoa (ko'ko), n. the ground seeds of 
the cacao or chocolate tree ; the bev- 
erage made from it. 

cocoanut (-nut), n. the fruit of the 
cocoa palm. __ 

2ocoon (ko-koon'), n. the silky ob- 
long case covering the larvae of 
many spinning insects while in the 
chrysalis state. 

cocoonery ('er-i) , n. a building where 
silk-worms are fed when forming 
cocoons. 

cocotte (ko-kof), n. a Parisian cour- 
tezan. 

cod (kod), n. the husk or pod of a 
seed ; the scrotum ; the narrow part 
of a trawl-net. 

cod (kod), n. a large edible fish found 
in the northern seas, and especially 
on the banks of Newfoundland, 

coddle (kod'l), v.t. to make effemi- 
nate by pampering; treat tenderly; 



to stew gently : n. an over-indulged 
pampered person. 

code (kod), n. a body of classified 
laws or regulations ; a system of 
signals. 

codeine (ko-de'in), n, an active me- 
dicinal principle extracted from the 
poppy. ■ 

cod.ex (ko'deks), n. [pi. codices ('di- 
sez ) ] , a volume of statutes ; a man- 
uscript volume, especially of the sa- 
cred Scriptures. 

codger (koj'er), n. a miser; an old 
man. 

codicil (kod'i-sil), n. an appendix to 
a will. 

codify (ko'di- or kod'i-fi), v.t. [p.t. 
& p.p. codified, p.pr. codifying], to 
reduce to a code or digest. 

codling (kod'ling), n. a young cod; 
a kind of stewing apple. 

coeffcient (ko-e-fish'ent), adj. coop- 
erating: n. that which cooperates 
with another; a number or known 
quantity prefixed in algebra as a 
multiplier to a variable or an un- 
known quantity. 

coerce (ko-ers'), v.t. to restrain or 
constrain by force, especially legal- 
ly or morally ; compel. 

coercible ('i-bl), adj. able to be co- 
erced. 

coercion ('shun), n. the act of coerc- 
ing.^ 

coercive ('siv), adj. having power to 
coerce. 

coeval (ko-e'val), adj. contempora- 
neous. 

coextensive (ko-eks-ten'siv), adj. 
equally extensive. 

coffee (kof'e), n. the seeds of a plant 
which, roasted and ground, form the 
well-known beverage. 

coffer (kof'er), n. a chest; a kind of 
caisson or floating dock ; a sunken 
panel : pi. a treasury : v.t. to inclose 
in a coffer. 

coffin ('in), n. a case for the dead; 
the hollow part of a horse's hoof : 
v.t. inclose in a cofiin. 

cog (kog), n. the tooth of a wheel; a 
trick : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. cogged, p.pr. 
cogging], to furnish with cogs; 
weedle ; to load (dice) in order to 
cheat. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n5rth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



cog 



195 



cogitate (koj'i-tat), t.L to meditate: 
v.t. to devise or plan. 

cogitation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
cogitating. 

cogitative (-ta-tiv), adj. meditative. 

cognac (ko'nyak), n. a French 
brandy. 

cognate (kog'nat), adj. allied by 
blood ; of the same stock, nature, or 
quality. 

cognition (kog-nish'un), n. knowl- 
edge. 

cognitive (kog'ni-tiv), adj. having 
power of mental apprehension. 

cognizable ( kon'iz-a-bl ) , adj. that 
may be known. 

cognizance (kon'i-zans), n. judicial 
knowledge or notice ; perception. 

cognizant (kon'i-zant), adj. having 
knowledge of anything. 

cognomen (kog-no'men), n. a sur- 
name. 

cohabit (ko-hab'it), v.i. to dwell to- 
gether as husband and wife. 

cohere (ko-her'), v.i. to stick to- 
gether. 

coherence ('ens), n. the state or 
quality of cohering. Also coher- 
ency. 

coherent ('ent), adj. cohering togeth- 
er ; consistent ; logical. 

coherer (ko-her'er), n. a device for 
detecting electro-magnetic waves, 
used in wireless telegraphy. 

cohesion (ko-he'zhun), n. the force 
that unites together molecules of the 
same material ; coherence. 

cohesive ('siv), n. causing to cohere. 

cohort (ko'hSrt), n. a body of an- 
cient Roman soldiers, the tenth part 
of a legion. 

coiffeur (koi'fer), n. a hairdresser. 

coiffure (koif'iir, French kwo-fer'), 
n. a head dress ; manner of arrang- 
ing the'hair. 

coil (koil), n. a rope gathered into a 
ring ; anything resembling it : v.t. to 
gather or wind into a circular heap : 
v.i. to wind. 

coin (koin), n. woney stamped with 
a legal impression ; a corner or 
angle : v.t. to convert into money ; 
invent. 

coinage ('aj), n. the process of coin- 
ing ; the thing coined ; invention. 

coincide (ko-in-sid'), v.i. correspond 



exactly; occur at the same time^ 
fall upon, or meet, in the same point. 

coincidence (ko-in'si-dens), n. the 
act of coinciding. 

coincident (ko-in'si-dent), adj. coin- 
ciding. 

coiner (koin'er), n. one who stamps 
coins, especially one who makes 
counterfeit money. 

coir (koir), n. the prepared fiber of 
the husks of cocoanuts. 

coition (ko-ish'un), n. copulation; 
conjunction : said of the moon. 

coke (kok), the residue of coal after 
the gas, &c., has been expelled : v.t, 
to convert into coke. 

colander (kul'an-der), n. a vessel 
with a perforated bottom. 

cola-nut (ko'la-nut), n. the large 
bitter seed of an African tree. 

colchicum (kol'chi-kum), n. the 
meadow-saffron, the seeds and bulbs 
of which are used in medicine. 

cold (kold), adj. without heat or 
warmth ; frigid ; without passion or 
zeal ; indifferent ; insensible ; blue in. 
tone : n. the opposite of heat ; the 
sensation produced by the loss of 
heat ; a catarrh. 

cold-blooded (-blud'ed), adj. having 
the blood below 90° Fahr. in tem- 
perature. 

coldish (kold'ish), adj. somewhat 
cold. 

cole (kol), n. cabbage plants in gen- 
eral. 

cole-slaw ('slaw), n. cabbage salad. 

Coleoptera ( kol-e-op-ter-a ) , n.pl. an. 
order of insects having the wings 
covered with a sheath ; the beetles. 

colewort (kol'wert), n. young cab- 
bage. 

colic (kol'ik), n. acute spasmodic 
pain in the abdomen or bowels : adj. 
pertaining to, or affecting, the bow- 
els. 

colicky (-1), adj. pertaining to colic. 

coliseum. See colosseum. 

collaborate (ko-lab'o-rat), v.i. to 
work jointly, especially in literary 
or scientific work. 

collaboration (-o-ra'shun) , n. unitedi 
labor. 

collaborator (-lab'6-ra-ter), n. one 
who assists another, especially in lit- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; n'ote, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, *7ien. 



«ol 



196 



eo) 



erary or scientific work : [more usu- 
ally collaborateur (-ter'),the French 
form of the word], 

collapse (kol-aps'), n. a falling in or 
together ; sudden and complete fail- 
ure ; general prostration of the vital 
powers : v.i. to fall in or together ; 
shrink up ; break down. 

'Collapsible (-ap'si-bl), adj. collaps- 
ing, 

collar (kol'er), n. anything encircling 
the neck, worn for use, restraint, or 
ornament ; a round ring or flange : 
v.t. to seize by the collar ; put a col- 
lar on ; roll up. 

collarette (-et) , w. a fichu of lace, &c. 

collate (kol'at), v.t, compare crit- 
ically one thing with another of the 
same kind, as manuscripts or text of 
l)ooks ; place in an ecclesiastical 
benefice. 

collateral (kol-at'er-al), adj. side by 
side ; auxiliary ; concurrent ; de- 
scended from the same stock, but in 
a different line. 

collaterally (-li), adv. in a collat- 
eral manner. 

collation (kol-a'shun), n. compari- 
son ; a light repast ; the presentation 
to a benefice by a bishop, who is the 
patron. 

collator ('ter), n. one who collates 
manuscripts or books ; the bishop 
who collates. 

•colleague (kol'eg), n. an associate in 
the same office, employment, or com- 
mission. 

collect (kol'ekt), n. a short compre- 
hensive prayer. 

collect (kol-ekt'), v.t. gather togeth- 
er ; assemble ; demand and obtain 
payment of : v.i. to meet together ; 
accumulate. 

collected (kol-ekt'ed), adj. self-pos- 
sessed. 

collection ('shun), n. the act of 
gathering together ; a mass ; a 
crowd ; an assemblage of works of 
art, natural objects, &c. ; a contribu- 
tion to a special object ; a private 
college examination. 

•collective (kol-ek'tiv), adj. accumu- 
lative. 

collectivism (-izm), n. the socialis- 
tic theory that land and capital 



should be owned by society collec- 
tively. 

collectivist (-ist), n. an advocate of 
collectivism : adj. pertaining to col- 
lectivism. 

collector (kol-ek'ter), n. one who 
collects. 

college (kol'ej), n. a society of men 
possessing certain powers and rights, 
and engaged in some common pur- 
suit, especially literary studies ; the 
house founded for such a society. 

collegian (kol-e'ji-an), n. a member 
of a college. _ 

collegiate (-at), adj. pertaining to, 
or containing, a college ; instituted 
like a college. 

collet (kol'et), n. the part of a ring 
in which the stone is set. 

collide (kol-id'), v.i. to come into col- 
lision. 

collie (kol'i), n. a Scotch sheep-dog. 

collier (kol'yer), n. a digger of coal; 
a coal-digger ; a vessel in the coal 
trade. 

colliery (-i), n. [pi. collieries (-iz)], 
a coal mine. 

collision (kol-izh'un), n. the act of 
striking two bodies violently togeth- 
er ; concussion. 

collocation (kol-o-ka'shun), n. the 
act of placing -^ arrangement. 

collodion ( kol-o'di-un ) , n. a prepara- 
tion of soluble gun-cotton with 
ether. 

colloquial (kol-o'kwi-al), adj. used 
in ordinary conversation. 

colloquialism (-izm), n. a colloquial 
form of speech ; slang. 

colloquy ('o-kwi), n. [pi. colloquies 
(-kwiz)], a conversation; a dia- 
logue. 

collusion (kol-u'zhun), n. a secret 
agreement for a fraudulent or evil 
purpose. 

collusive ('siv), adj. fraudulently 
concerted. 

collusory ('so-ri), adj. carrying on 
fraud by secret agreement. 

cologne -water (waw'ter), n. eau-de- 
cologne. 

colon (ko'lon), n. a mark of punctua- 
tion [ :] ; the largest of the intes- 
tines. 

colonel (ker'nel), n. the chief officer 
of a resriment. 



■Me, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



col 



197 



com 



colonelcy (-si), n. the rank of a 
colonel. 

colonial (ko-lo'ni-al), adj. pertaining 
to a colony. 

colonialism (-izm), n. the character- 
istics of colonial life ; a colonial 
habit or phrase. 

colonialize (-iz), v.t. to render colo- 
nial in character. 

colonist (kol'o-nist), n. an inhabitant 
of a colony, 

colonization (kol'o-ni-za'shun), n. 
the act of colonizing, or state of 
being colonized ; the temporary set- 
tlement of men in a voting district 
to qualify them as electors. 

colonize (kol'o-niz), v.t. to settle or 
establish a colony in. 

colonnade (kol-on-ad'), n. a series of 
columns. 

colony (kol'o-ni), n. [pi. colonies 
(-niz)], a body of people from their 
native country who settle in another 
land, but are under the jurisdiction 
of, or connected with, the parent 
country ; the country thus settled ; 
a number of animals or plants liv- 
ing or growing together. 

color (kul'er), n. the hue or appear- 
ance that a body presents to the 
eye ; a pigment or paint ; complex- 
ion ; redness ; an apparent right or 
reason ; pretense ; false show : pi. a, 
military or naval flag : v.t. to im- 
part a color to ; tint ; dye ; give a 
specious appearance to ; make plaus- 
ible. 

Colorado-beetle ( kol-o-ra'do-bet'l ) , 
n. a yellowish beetle, having its 
back marked with ten longitudinal 
black stripes : it is very destructive 
to potato crops. 

coloring (kul'er-ing), n. the act or 
art of giving a color to ; the color so 
applied. 

colorist (-ist), n. an artist whose 
works are characterized by beauty 
of color. 

colossal (ko-los'al), adj. like a colos- 
sus ; gigantic. 

Colosseum (kol-o-se'um), n. the Fla- 
vian amphitheater at ancient Rome. 
Also coliseum, 

colossus (ko-los*us), n. [pi. colossi 
(-i)], a statue of gigantic size. 



colportage (kol'por-taj), n. the sys- 
tem of distributing Bibles, religious 
books, &c., by colporteurs. 

colporteur (-ter), n. one engaged in 
colportage. 

colt (kolt), n. a young male horse; a 
3"0ung foolish fellow ; one who plays 
cricket for the first time for his 
county ; a knotted rope's-end : v.t. 
punish with a rope's-end. 

coltish ('ish), adj. like a colt; 
frisky. 

colts-foot (-s'foot), 11. a medicinal 
herb. 

Columbian (ko-lum'bi-an), n. a size 
of printing-type. (See type.) 

columbine (korum-bin), adj. per- 
taining to, or like, a dove or pigeon : 
n. a plant with flowers of five petals. 

column (kol'um), n. a round pillar 
to support or adorn a building ; any 
body of certain dimensions pressing 
vertically on its base ; a division of 
the page of a book, &c. ; a formation 
of troops in deep files. 

columnar (ko-lum'nar), adj. having 
the form or shape of a column. 

coma (ko'ma), n. insensibility; stu- 
por. 

coma (ko'ma), n. [pi. comse ('me)],, 
the nebulous hair-like envelope sur- 
rounding the nucleus of a comet ; 
the aggregate of branches forming 
the leafy head of a tree. ^ 

comatose (ko'ma-tos), adj. torpid; 
lethargic. 

comb (kom), n. a toothed instrument 
to separate and adjust the hair ; the 
crest of a cock ; the crest of a wave 
or hill ; a honeycomb : v.t. to dress 
the hair with a comb ; grain : v.i. to 
roll over, as the crest of a wave. 

combat (kom'bat), v.i. to fight; act 
in opposition : v.t. to fight with ; 
oppose by force : n. a conitest by 
force ; a struggle. 

combatant (-ant), n. one who com- 
bats : adj. disposed to fight ; bearing 
arms. 

combative (-iv), adj. pugnacious. 

combination (kom-bi-na'shun), n. 
the union of bodies or qualities ; an 
association of persons for a com- 
mon object : pi. underclothing woven 
in one piece. 

combine (kom-bln'), v.t. to unite or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



com 



198 



cov 



join ; link closely together : v.i. to 
unite, agree, or coalesce : n. a secret 
combination, generally for fraudu- 
lent purposes. 

combustiiiility ( kom-bus-ti-bil'l-ti ) , 
n. the property of being combustible. 

combustible (kom-bus'ti-bl), adj. 
inflammable : n. an inflammable 
substance. 

combustion (-bust'yun), n. the act 
of burning ; the state of being 
burnt ; the union of an inflammable 
substance with oxygen, &c., produc- 
ing light and heat. 

come (kum), v.i. [p.t. came, p.p. 
come, p.pr. coming], to move to- 
wards ; draw near ; reach ; happen ; 
arrive at some state or condition : 
v.t. to act or play the part of. 

comedian (ko-me'di-an), n. an actor 
or player in comedy : fern, comedi- 
enne (ko-ma-di-en'), 

comedy (kom'e-di), n. [pi. comedies 
(-diz)], dramatic representation of 
the humorous or ridiculous side of 
human life. 

comeliness (kum'li-nes), n. grace; 
beauty. 

comely (kum'li), adj. graceful; 
handsome. 

comet (kom'et), n. a luminous celes- 
tial body, with an eccentric orbit, 
consisting, when perfect, of a nu- 
cleus, coma, and a tail. 

cometary ('e-ta-ri), adj. pertaining 
to a comet. 

comfit (kum'fit), n. a dry sweetmeat. 

comfort (kum'fert), v.t. to console; 
strengthen ; inspirit : n. a state of 
quiet enjoyment ; consolation ; en- 
couragement ; a quilted bed-cover. 

comfortable ( 'f er-ta-bl ) , adj. im- 
parting or enjoying comfort. 

comforter (kum'fer-ter), n. one who 
comforts ; a long woolen scarf. 

comfrey (kum'fri), n. a rough hairy 
plant. 

comic (kom'ik) or comical (-al), 
adj. exciting mirth. 

comicality ('i-ti), n. the state of 
being comical. 

comically (-li), adv. in a comical 
manner. 

coming (kum'ing), n. an arrival; 
adj. expected ; future. 



comique (ko-mek'), n. a comic actor 
or singer. 

comity (kom'i-ti), n. civility; polite- 
ness ; acts of international courtesy. 

comma (kom'a), n. a punctuation 
point [,]. 

command (kom-and', or -and'), v.t. 
to order or charge with authority ; 
control ; exercise supreme authority 
over ; lead : v.i. act as a commander ; 
exercise power or authority : n. au- 
thority ; an order or mandate ; a 
dominating situation ; a naval or 
military force under the command 
of a particular officer. 

commandant (-anf), n. an officer 
in command of a fortified place or a 
body of troops. 

commander ('er), n. one who com- 
mands ; a naval officer next below a 
captain. 

commandment (kom-and'ment), n. 
a command ; a precept ; a law, es- 
pecially any one of the Decalogue. 

commando ('do), n. a military expe- 
dition by private individuals ; the 
quasi-military expeditions of the 
English farmers and Boers of South 
Africa against the natives. 

commemorate (kom-em'o-rat), v.t. 
to call to remembrance by a solemn 
act ; celebrate with honor. 

commemoration (-ra'shun), n. the 
act of commemorating. 

commemorative (-em'o-ra-tiv), adj. 
preserving the memory of. 

commemorator ('o-ra-ter), n. one 
who commemorates. 

commence (kom-ens'), v.i. to come 
into existence ; begin : v.t. to enter 
upon ; perform the first act of. 

commencement ('ment), n. begin- 
ning ; origin ; the annual festival 
when degrees, &c., are conferred at 
colleges. 

commend (kom-end'), v.t. recom- 
mend as worthy of notice ; praise ; 
bring to mind. 

commendation (-en-da'shun), w. the 
act of commending ; approval. 

commendatory ('a-to-ri), adj. serv- 
ing to commend ; containing praise, 

commensurability (kom-en-su-ra- 
bil'i-ti), n. the state of being com- 
mensurable. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



199 



com 



commensurable ( kom-en'su-ra-bl ) , 
adj. having, or reducible to, a com- 
mon measure. 

commtensurate ('su-rat), adj. re- 
ducible to a common measure ; 
equal. 

comment (kom'ent), n. a spoken or 
written remark, especially a written 
note by way of explanation, «&;c. ; 
criticism: v.i. (kom'- or kom-ent'), 
to write notes or explanations on 
the text of an author. 

commentary ('en-ta-ri), w. [pi. com- 
mentaries (-riz)], a series of ex- 
planatory notes or annotations. 

commentative (-tiv), adj. making 
commentaries. 

commentator (-ter), n. one who 
writes notes to explain an author. 

commerce (kom'ers), n. interchange 
of merchandise on a large scale be- 
tween nations or individuals ; inter- 
course. 

commercial (-er'shal), adj. pertain- 
ing to trade or commerce ; mercan- 
tile. 

commercialism (-izm), n. commer- 
cial habits, methods, or principles. 

commercially (-li), adv. in a com- 
mercial manner. 

commingle (ko-ming'gl), v.t. & v.i. 
to mix ; blend. 

comminute (kom'i-ntit), v.t. to 
make small or fine by grinding : adj. 
iSivided into small parts. 

commiserate (kom-iz'er-at), v.t. feel 
pity for ; sympathize with in dis- 
tress. 

commiseration (-er-a'shun), n. pity. 

commiserator ('er-a-ter), n. one 
who pities. 

commissariat (kom-is-a'ri-at), n. 
the department of an army con- 
cerned with the supply of trans- 
ports, provisions, &c. 

commissary ('is-a-ri), n. [pi. com- 
missaries (-riz)], one to whom 
some charge is committed by a su- 
perior ; a delegate ; an oflBcial in the 
commissariat department. 

commission (kom-ish'un), n. a dele- 
gation of business to anyone ; the 

- act of doing or committing ; a trust ; 
a charge ; the warrant by which any- 
thing is done ; one or more persons 
appointed to perform certain speci- 



fied duties ; brokerage or allowance : 
v.t. empower ; send with authority. 

commissioner (-ish'un-er), n. a per- 
son empowered by a commission or 
warrant ; an officer in charge of 
some department of the public serv- 
ice. 

commissure ('ish-tir), n. a joint or 
seam ; the point of union between 
two bodies. 

commit (kom-it'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
committed, p.pr. committing], to 
give in charge or trust ; surrender ; 
consign ; perpetrate ; learn by heart ; 
send for trial, or to prison. 

commitment (-it'ment), n. the act 
of committing. Also committal. 

committee (-it'e), n. persons ap- 
pointed to consider or manage any 
matter. 

commode (kom-od'), n. a high head- 
dress formerly in vogue; a chest of 
drawers or bureau ; a night-stool. 

commodious (-6'di-us), adj. useful; 
convenient ; roomy. 

commodity (-od'i-ti), n. [pi. com- 
modities (-tiz)], that which is use- 
ful ; an article of commerce : pi. 
goods ; merchandise. 

commodore ('o-dor), n. a captain 
commanding a squadron ; the lead- 
ing ship in a fleet of merchantmen. 

common (kom'un), adj. belonging 
equally to more than one ; public ; 
usual ; frequent ; inferior ; of low 
birth or origin ; applied to nouns 
that are both masculine and femi- 
nine : n. a tract of open public land. 

common council (koun'sil), n. the 
representative body of a city or mu- 
nicipal corporation. 

common law (law), n. the unwrit- 
ten law of England based on imme- 
morial usage. 

commonage (-aj), n. the right of 
pasturing on common land. 

commonalty (-al-ti), n. the common 
people. 

commoner (-er), n. one not a peer; 
a member of the House of Com- 
mons ; one who has a joint right in 
common land ; at Oxford, a student 
not on the foundation. 

commonly (-li), adv. usually; mean- 
ly. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



200 



com 



commonplace (-plas), n. a memo- 
randum for ready reference ; an ob- 
vious remark ; anything ordinary : 
adj. uninteresting ; trite ; common ; 
neither new nor striliing. 

common-sense (-sens), adj. charac- 
terized by sound practical judgment, 

fcommonweal (-wel), n. the public 
good. 

commonweal til (-welth), n. the 
whole body of people in a state ; a 
republic. 

commotion (-o'shun), n. violent 
agitation. 

communal {'u-nkl), adj. pertaining 
to a commune. 

Gommunalism (-izm), n. govern- 
ment by communes or corporations 
of towns and districts. 

commune (-un'), v.t. to converse to- 
gether ; impart ; take counsel ; par- 
take of the Eucharist, or Holy Com- 
munion. 

communicability (-u-ni-ka-bil'i-ti) , 
n. the quality of being communica- 
ble. 

communicable (ii'ni-ka-bl), adj. im- 
partible. 

communicant (-u'ni-kant), adj. 
communicating : n. a partaker, es- 
pecially of the Eucharist. 

communicate (-kat), v.t. to impart; 
reveal : v.i. to share ; partake of the 
Eucharist. 

communication (-ka'shun), n. the 
act of communicating ; means of 
passing from one place to another ; 
news ; intercourse. 

communicative (-ka-tiv), adj. un- 
reserved. 

communicator (-ka-ter), n. one 
who, or anything which, communi- 
cates. 

communicatory (-to-ri), adj. im- 
parting knowledge. 

communion (-un'yun), n. inter- 
course ; fellowship ; common posses- 
sion ; a religious body ; the partak- 
ing of the Eucharist. 

communism (kom'u-nizm), n. the 
doctrine of having property in com- 
mon ; socialism. 

communist ('ti-nist), n. a supporter 
of communism ; a socialist ; a mem- 
ber of the Commune of Paris 
(1871). 



communistic (-is'tik), adj. relating 
to communism. 

conxmunity (-ti'ni-ti), n. \_pl. com- 
munities (-tiz)], a body of persons 
having common rights, interests, 
and privileges ; a corporation ; so- 
ciety generally ; common character. 

commutability (ii-ta-biri-ti), n. the 
quality of being commutable. 

commutable (-u'ta-bl), adj. inter- 
changeable. 

commutation ( -u-ta'shun ) , n. the 
act of commuting ; change or ex- 
change. 

commutative ('ta-tiv), adj. pertain- 
ing to exchange. 

commute (kom-tit') , v.i. to exchange ; 
substitute ; reduce the severity of ; 
regulate the direction of an electric 
current : v.i. to pay in gross amount. 

compact (kom'pakt), n. an agree- 
ment or covenant: v.i. (kom-pakf), 
to press or pack closely ; consoli- 
date. 

companion (kom-pan'yun), n. a 
comrade ; an associate or partner : 
the hut over a ship's ladder : adj. 
attendant. 

companionsbip (-ship), n. fellow- 
ship. 

company (kum'pa-ni), n. [pi. com- 
panies (-niz)], an assemblage of 
people ; a body of persons associated 
together ; society ; fellowship ; a 
firm ; a ship's crew ; a subdivision 
of a regiment : v.i. associate with. 

comparable (kom'pa-ra-bl), adj. ca- 
pable of being compared ; of equal 
regard. 

comparative (-par'a-tiv), adj. esti- 
mated by comparison ; not positive : 
n. the comparative degree of gram- 
mar. 

compare (-par'), v.t. to make one 
thing the measure of another ; in- 
flect so as to form the degrees of 
comparison : v.i. to bear a compari- 
son. 

comparison (-par'i-sun), n. the act 
of comparing ; an illustration or 
simile. 

compartment (-part'ment), n. a 
division by a' partition, as of a car' 
riage, &,c. ; a panel. 

compass (kum'pcis), v.t. to encircle; 
walk around ; besiege : n. a circular 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, tTien. 



201 



com 



course ; a circumference ; extent ; 
grasp ; an instrument indicating the 
magnetic meridian : pi. a. mathemati- 
cal instrument for dividing and 
drawing circles. 

compassion (kom-pash'un), n. sor- 
row for the sufferings of others ; 
sympathy; pity. 

compassionate (-at), v.t. to have 
compassion for : adj. sympathetic ; 
merciful. 

compatibility (kom-pat-i-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being compatible ; 
congruity. 

compatible ('i-bl), adj. congruous; 
suitable. 

compatriot (-pa'tri-ot), n. a fellow 
countryman. 

compeer (kom-per'), n. an equal. 

compel (kom-pel'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
compelled, p.pr. compelling], to 
urge irresistibly ; force. 

compend (kom'pend), n. an abridg- 
ment. 

compendious (^-pen'di-us), adj. suc- 
cinct. 

compendium ('di-um), n. an abridg- 
ment. 

compensate (kom'pen- or kom-pen'- 
sat), v.t. to recompense; make 
amends for : v.i. to make compensa- 
tion. 

compensation (-sa'shun), n. 
amends ; recompense ; a set-off. 

compensation-balance ( -bal'ans ) , 
n. a watch balance-wheel, construct- 
ed to counteract variations in tem- 
perature. 

compensative ('sa-tiv), adj. making 
compensation. Also compensatory. 

compensator ('pen-sa-ter), n. one 
who compensates. 

compete (kom-pet'), v.i. enter into 
competition with another ; rival. 

competence (kom'pe-tens), n. the 
state of being competent; suffi- 
ciency. Also competency. 

competent (-tent), adj. fit; able; 
suitable ; qualified ; moderate. 

competition (-tish'un), n. rivalry. 

competitive (kom-pet'i-tiv), adj. 
pertaining to competition ; emulous. 

competitor ('i-ter), n. a rival. 

compilation (-i-la'shun), n. the act 
of compiling ; the thing compiled, 

compile (kom-pil'), v.t. to put to- 



gether in fresh form existing mate- 
rials. 

complacence (kom-pla'sens), n. in- 
ward satisfaction. Also compla- 
cency. 

complacent ('sent), adj. affable. 

complain (kom-plan'), v.i. to express 
grief, pain, or resentment ; charge 
formally. 

complainant ('ant), n. a plaintiff. 

complaint (-plant'), n. an accusa- 
tion ; an expression of grief or pain ; 
ailment. 

complaisance (-pla-sans'), n. cour- 
tesy. 

complaisant (-sant'), adj. courte- 
ous. 

complected (-plek'ted), adj. inter- 
woven ; complexioned. 

complement ('ple-ment), n. full 
number or quantity ; a complete set : 
v.t. to supply a deficiency. 

complemental ('al), adj. complet- 
ing. Also complementary. 

complete (kom-plef), adj. free from 
deficiency ; entire ; absolute ; fin- 
ished : v.t. to supply what is lack- 
ing; finish. 

completely- ('li), adv. in a complete 
manner. 

completion (-ple'shun), n. accom- 
plishment. 

complex (kom'pleks), adj. composed 
of various parts of things; compos- 
ite ; intricate. 

complexion (-plek'shun), n. the 
color of the skin, especially the face ; 
aspect. 

complexional (-al), adj. pertaining 
to the complexion. 

complexioned ('shund), adj. having 
a complexion. 

complexity ('i-ti), n. the state of 
being complex. Also complexness. 

complexly ('li), adv. in a complex 
manner. 

compilable (kom-pli'a-bl), adj. com- 
pliant. 

compliance ('ans), n. acquiescence. 

compliant ('ant), adj. yielding. 

complicacy ('pli-ka-si), n. the state 
of being complicate. 

complicate ('pli-kat), v.t. to make 
intricate ; involve : adj. intricate ; 
folded together. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



202 



com 



complication (-ka'shun), n. the act 
of complicating ; the state of being 
complicate'd. 

complicity (-plis'i-ti), n. partner- 
ship in crime. 

compiler (-pli'er), n. one who com- 
plies. 

compliment ('pli-ment), n. a formal 
act or expvession of courtesy ; deli- 
cate flattery : v.t. to flatter ; con- 
gratulate ; praise. 

complimentary ('ta-ri), adj. con- 
veying a compliment. Also com- 
plimental. 

comply (kom-pli'), v.i. \_p.t. & p.p. 
complied, p.pr. complying], to yield 
assent ; agree to. 

compo (kom'po), n. a kind of con- 
crete; a material for printing-roll- 
ers. 

component (kom-po'nent), adj. con- 
stituent : n. an elementary part of a 
compound. 

comport (-port'), v.i. to agree; har- 
monize : v.t. to behave. 

compose (-poz'), v.t. to form by 
comliination ; write as an author ; 
calm ; adjust ; arrange in proper 
order ; put together. 

composed (-p5zd'), adj. tranquil; 
quiet. 

composer (-poz'er), n. one who com- 
poses ; one who calms ; a musical 
author. 

composing (-poz'ing), adj. tending 
to calm ; pertaining to, or used in, 
composition. 

composite (-poz'it), adj. compound. 

composition (-po-zish'un), n. the 
act of composing ; the thing com- 
posed ; a mass formed by mingling 
various ingredients ; mutual settle- 
ment or agreement; a musical or 
literary work ; the art of forming 
sentences. 

compositor (-poz'i-ter), n. one who 
sets types. 

compost ('post), n. a mixture of 
various substances for fertilizing 
the ground ; builders' compost : v.t. 
to manure with compost ; plaster or 
stucco. 

composure (-po'zhur), n. tranquil- 
lity. 

compote ('pot), n. stewed fruit. 



compound (-pound'), v.t. to mix or 
combine together ; settle by mutual 
agreement ; discharge a debt by pay- 
ing a part: adj. (kom'pound), com- 
posed of two or more elements or 
ingredients or words : n. a mixture 
of two or more elements or ingredi- 
ents. 

compounder ('er), n. one who com- 
pounds medicines, &c. ; one who 
compounds a debt or felony ; one 
who pays for certain charges by a 
fixed sum. 

comprehend (kom-pre-hend'), v.t. to 
include or comprise ; grasp with the 
mind ; conceive. 

comprehensibility (-hen-si-bil'i-ti) , 
n. the quality or state of being com- 
prehensible. 

comprehensible ('si-bl), adj. intel- 
ligible. 

comprehension (-hen'shun), n. the 
act of comprehending ; extent, un- 
derstanding. 

comprehensive (-hen'siv), adj. in- 
cluding much ; full. 

compress (kom-pres'), v.t. to press 
together; condense: n. (kom'pres), 
a soft pad used in surgery to main- 
tain pressure. 

compressibility (-pres-i-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of yielding to pressure. 

compressible (-pres'i-bl), adj. con- 
densable. 

compression (-presh'un), n. con- 
densation. 

compressive (-pres'iv), adj. that 
compresses. 

compressor (-pres'er), n. one who, 
or that which, compresses. 

comprisal (kom-pri'zal), n. the act 
of comprising. 

comprise (-priz'), v.t. to compre* 
hend. 

compromise (kom'pro-miz), n. a set- 
tlement by mutual concessions : v.t, 
to settle by compromise ; expose to 
risk. 

comptroller (kon-trol'er). See con- 
troller. 

compulsion (kom-pul'shun), n. the 
act of compelling ; force ; constraint. 

compulsive (-pul'siv), adj. forcible. 

compulsorily (-pul'so-ri-li), adv, 
forcibly. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon» 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 




1, Apollo butterfly; 2, leopard -moth; 3, wood-leopard moth; 4, Emperor-moth; 5, copper butter- 
fly; 6, small tortoise-shell butterfly; 7, comma butterfly; S, large white butterfly; 9, marbled-white 
butterfly; 10, silkworm-moth; 11, cabbage butterfly; 12, hawk-moth; 13, white butterfly; 14, 
tortoise-shell butterfly; 15, swallow-tailed butterfly; 16, peach-blossom moth; 17. meadow-t>rowa 
butterfly. 



FAMILIAR TYPES OF DOGS. 




1, Pointer; 2, turnspit; 3, Newfoundland; 4, wolfhound; 5, deerhound; 6, bulldog; 7, poodle; 
8, Eskimo; 9, bloodhound; 10, greyhound; 11, St. Bernard. 



3ll 



com 



203 



con 



compulsory (-pal'so-ri), adj. exer- 
cising compulsion ; obligatory. 
compunction (-pungk'shun), n. con- 
trition, 
compurgation (-per-ga'shun), n. the 
practice of justifying one man's ve- 
racity by the testimony of another. 

computable (kom-put'a-bl), adj. 
that may be computed. 

computation (-pu-ta'shun), n. the 
act or process of computing; esti- 

I mate. 

compute (-put'), v.t. to number; 
reckon. 

comrade (kom'rad), n. a companion. 

con (kon), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. conned, p. 
pr. conning], to peruse carefully; 
fix in the mind by constant repeti- 
tion; to direct (a helmsman) how 
to steer. 

conation (ko-na'shun), n. the fac- 
ulty of voluntary agency, including 
volition and desire. 

conative (ko'na- or kon'a-tiv), adj. 
pertaining to the faculty of cona- 
tion ; expressing endeavor or effort. 

concatenation ( kon-kat-e-na'shun ) , 
n. a series of things united like 
links. 

concave (kon'kav), adj. hollow and 
curved. 

concave lens (lenz), n. a lens one 
side of which is flat and ;he other 
slightly concave. 

concavity (-kav'i-ti), n. [pi. eon- 
cavities (-tiz)], the state of being 
concave ; the inner surface of a 
rounded hollow body. 

concavo-concave ( kon-ka'vo-kon'- 
kav), adj. hollow on both surfaces, 
as a lens. 

concavo-convex (-kon'veks), adj. 
concave on one side, convex on the 
other. 

conceal (kon-sel'), 'V.t. to hide; keep 
secret ; disguise. 

concealment ('ment), n. the act of 
hiding or keeping secret ; a place of 
hiding ; shelter. 

concede (-sed'), v.t. to yield; admit. 

conceit (-set'), n. an idea; an over- 
estimate of one's own abilities ; a 
quaint fancy. 

conceivability (-sev-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being conceivable. 



conceivable (-sev'a-bl), adj. imag- 
inable. 

conceive (-sev'), v.t. imagine; un- 
derstand ; develop in the womb ; v.i, 
to think ; become pregnant. 

concentrate (kon-sen'trat), v.t. to 
bring to one point or common cen- 
ter ; intensify the action of ; con- 
dense : adj. reduced to a pure or 
dense state. 

concentration (-sen-tra'shun), n, 
the state of being concentrated; 
condensation. 

concentrativeness ('tra-tiv-nes), n, 
the power of fixing the mind on a 
particular subject. 

concentrator (-tra-ter), n. a pneu- 
matic apparatus for separating dry 
ores when comminuted. 

concentric (-sen'trik), adj. having a 
common center. 

concentricity (-sen-tris'i-ti), n. the 
state of being concentric. 

concept (kon'sept), n. an abstract 
general notion or conception. 

conceptacle (-sep'ta-kl), n. that 
which contains anything; a follicle. 

conception (-sep'shun), n. the im- 
pregnation of the ovum ; the act or 
power of conceiving in the mind; 
an idea or notion. 

conceptive (-sep'tiv), adj. capable 
of conceiving mentally or physically. 

conceptualist ('tii-al-ist), n. one 
who holds the theory (conceptual- 
ism) that the mind can form for 
itself general conceptions. 

concern (kon-sern'), v.t. to relate or 
belong to ; interest or engage ; make 
uneasy : n. business ; affair ; inter- 
est ; anxiety ; a firm. 

concerning ('ing), prep, relating to. 

concernment ('ment), n. solicitude; 
affair. 

concert (kon-serf), v.t. to contrive 
or devise together ; adjust or ar- 
range mutually: n. (kon'sert) a 
musical entertainment ; co-opera- 
tion ; harmony, or mutual agree- 
ment. 

concerted ('ed), adj. mutually 
planned or agreed upon ; arranged 
in parts. 

concertina (-ser-te'na), n. a musical 
instrument of the accordion class. 



ate, arm, ask, at;, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon; 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



con 



204 



COB 



concertino (-te'no), n. a small con- 
certo. 

concerto (-ser'to, Italian -char'to), n. 
[pi. concertos ('toz)]. a musical 
composition for a solo instrument, 
with an orchestral accompaniment. 

concession (kon-sesh'un), n. the act 
of conceding ; the thing conceded ; 
land, privileges, &c., granted by a 
government to a company, &c., for 
some specific purpose. 

concessionaire (-un-ar'), n. a per- 
son holding a concession. 

concessive (-ses'iv), adj. implying 
concession. 

concessory (-ses'o-ri), adj. conced- 
ing. 

conch, (kongk), n. a marine shell. 

concha (kong'ka), n. [pi. couchse 
(-ke)], the outer ear; auricle; the 
dome of an apse. 

concho-grass ('ko-gras), n. a valua- 
ble forage grass of the southern 
United States. 

conchoid ('koid), n. a shell-like 
curve. 

conchology ('kol-o-ji), n. the branch 
of zoology which treats of mollusks 
and their shells. 

concierge ( kong-si-arzh' ) , n. in 
France, a door-keeper or janitor. 

conciliate (kon-sil'i-at), v.t. to rec- 
oncile ; win or gain the affections of. 

conciliator (-a-ter), n. one who 
conciliates. 

conciliatory (-to-ri), adj. tending 
to conciriate or reconcile. Also con- 
ciliative. 

concise (kon-sis'), adj. condensed, 
terse. 

concisely ('li), adv. tersely; briefly. 

conciseness ('nes), n. brevity. 

conclave (kon'klav), n. a private 
meeting, as of cardinals for the 
election of a Pope. 

conclude (kon-kltid'), v.t. to infer; 
determine ; settle ; end : v.i. draw 
an inference. 

conclusion ('■klii'zhun), n. a final 
determination ; result ; end. 

conclusive (-klti'siv), adj. decisive; 
final. 

concoct (kon-kokt'), v.t. to digest; 
cook ; assimilate mentally ; plot. 

concoction (-kok'shun), n. the act 



of concocting ; a plan or plot ; a 
compound of various ingredients. 

concomitance (-kom'i-tans), n. the 
state of being concomitant. Also 
concomitancy. 

concomitant ('i-tant), n. accom- 
panying ; conjoined with : n. an at- 
tendant. 

concord (kong' or kon'kSrd), n. har- 
mony ; union ; agreement. 

concordance (kon-kor'dans), n. 
agreement ; a diccionary of words or 
passages, with references to the 
places where they occur, especially 
in the Bible. 

concordant ('dant), adj. harmoni- 
ous. 

concordat ('dat), n. a compact or 
agreement, especially between 
Church and State. 

concourse (kong'kors), n. arriving 
together ; an assembly or crowd. 

concrete (kon'kret), adj. united in 
growth ; coalesced ; not abstract : n. 
a mass formed by concretion ; a 
compact mass of lime, sand, gravel, 
mortar, _&c., used for building : v.i. 
(kon-kref), to coalesce : v.t. to form 
by the union of particles. 

concretion (kon-kre'shun), n. the 
act of concreting ; a mass formed 
by the union of separate particles. 

concretionary (-a-ri), adj. charac- 
terized by concretions. 

concretive ('tiv), adj. producing con- 
cretes. 

concubinage (kong-kii'bi-naj), n. 
the act of living as man and wife 
without being legally married. 

concubine (kong'kti-bin), n. a wom- 
an who lives with a man without 
being legally married. 

concupiscence (kon-kii'pi-sens), n. 
illicit sexual desire ; unlawful de- 
sire. 

concupiscent (-sent), adj. lustful. 

concur (kon-ker'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
concurred, p.pr. concurring], to 
agree or unite in action or opinion ; 
coincide. 

concurrence (-kur'ens), n. the act 
of concurring ; agreement ; consent. 

concurrent (-kur'ent), adj. acting 
in union or conjunction ; joint and 
equal in authority ; meeting at one 



ate, arm, §.sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



con 



205 



point : n. that which concurs ; a con- 
tributory cause. 

concussion (-kush'un), n. the shock 
caused by two bodies coming violent- 
ly together ; injury by a fall. 

condemn (kon-dem'), v.i. to pro- 
nounce or judge guilty ; blame ; cen- 
sure ; declare to be forfeited. 

condemnation (-dem-na'shun), n. 
the act of condemning. 

condemnatory (-dem'na-to-ri), adj. 
implying condemnation. 

condensability ( kon-den-sa-bil'i-ti ) , 
n. the quality of being condensable. 

condensable (-den'sa-bl ),«(?/. capa- 
ble of condensation. 

condensation (-den-sa'shun), n. 
compression. 

condense (-dens'), v.t. to compress; 
make close or thick : v.i. grow dense. 

condenser ('er), n. an apparatus for 
reducing gases or vapors to a liquid 
or solid form ; a device for storing 
electricity ; a lens for concentrat- 
ing light. 

condescend (kon-de-send'), v.i. to 
stoop ; descend ; yield ; deign. 

condescension (-de-sen'shun), n. the 
act of condescending; voluntary 
humiliation. 

condign (-din'), adj. well-deserved; 
suitable. 

condiment (kon'di-ment), n. a sea- 
soning. 

condition (kon-dish'un), n. state; 
quality ; external circumstances ; 
stipulation or terms of a contract : 
v.i. to contract or stipulate ; bring 
into and keep in bodily health ; ex- 
amine. 

conditionally (-al-li), adv. with cer- 
tain limitations. 

condolatory (-do'la-to-ri), adj. ex- 
pressing condolence. 

condole (kon-dol'), v.t. to lament: 
v.i. to express sympathy for an- 
other [with tvith], 

condolence ('ens), n. sympathy. 

condonation ( -do-na'shun ) , n. the 
act of pardoning a wrong act. 

condone (kon-don'), v.t. to pardon, 
especially a violation of marital duty. 

condor (kon'der), n. a very large 
South American vulture. 

conduce (-dtis'), v.i. to tend to; con- 
tribute. 



conducible (-du'si-bl), adj. tending; 
contributing ; promoting. 

conducive (-siv), adj. having the 
quality or power of conducing [with 
to]. 

conduct (kon-dukf), v.t. to guide; 
direct; manage; behave: n. (kon'- 
dukt) personal behavior or prac- 
tice; management. 

conductance (kon-duk'tans), n. 
power or capacity for conducting 
electricity. 

conductibility (kon-duk-ti-bil'i-ti) , 
n. the capability of being conducted. 

conductible (-duk'ti-bl), adj. ca- 
pable of being conducted. 

conduction (-duk'shun), n. trans- 
mission by a conductor. 

conductive (-duk'tiv), adj. having 
the quality or power of conducting. 

conductivity (-duk-tiv'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being conductive. 

conductor (duk'ter), n. one who, or 
that which, conducts ; a leader or 
guide ; one who has charge of a 
car or train ; a substance which con- 
ducts or transmits certain forces. 

conduit (kon' or kun'dit), n. sl canal 
or pipe for the conveyance of water, 
&c. 

cone (kon), n. a geometrical figure 
broad, round, and broad at the bot- 
tom, and lessening the circumference 
towards the top ; the fruit of the 
fir, pine, &c. ; a storm-cone : v.t. to 
shape like the segment of a cone. 

coney (ko'ni), another form of cony. 

confab (kon'fab), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
confabbed, p.pr. confabbing], to 
chat. 

confabulation (-fab-ti-la'shun), n. 
a chat. 

confection (-fek'shun), n. anything 
conserved or compounded with 
sugar ; a sweetmeat. 

confectioner (-er), n. one who pre- 
pares and sells sweetmeats, &c. 

confectionery (-i), n. [pi. confec- 
tioneries (-iz)], sweetmeats, cakes, 
preserves, &c. 

confederacy (-fed'er-a-si), n. [pi. 
confederacies (-siz)], persons, 
states, or nations united in a 
league ; unlawful combination. 

confederate ('er-at), v.i. to unite in 
a league : adj. united by a league : 



ate, arm, ksk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



206 



con 



n. a member of a confederation ; an 
ally ; an accomplice._ 

confederation (-er-a'shun), n. the 
act of confederating ; an alliance ; 
an alliance of states previously in- 
dependent. 

confederative (-fed'er-a-tiv), adj. 
of, or belonging to, a confederation. 

confer (kon-fer'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
conferred, p.pr. conferring], to give 
or bestow : v.i. to consult together ; 
converse. 

conference ('fer-ens), n. the act of 
consulting together formally ; an 
appointed meeting for discussing 
some topic or business ; an ecclesias- 
tical assembly. 

confess (kon-fes'), v.t. to admit or 
acknowledge ; avow ; grant ; prove ; 
hear (as a priest) a confession: v.i. 
disclose the state of one's conscience 
to a priest and receive absolution. 

confession (-fesh'un). n. act of con- 
fessing ; anything ' disclosed or 
acknowledged. 

confessional (-al), n. an inclosed 
cabinet, in which a priest sits to 
hear confessions ; the practice of 
auricular confessicrv. 

confessor (kon' or kon-fes'er), n. 
one who makes a profession of his 
faith and suffers persecution ; a 
priest who hears confessions and 
grants absolution. 

confetto (-fet'to), n. [pi. confetti 
('ti)], a sweetmeat; a plaster pel- 
let used for pelting at carnivals. 

confidant ('fi-dant), n. a confiden- 
tial or bosom friend : fern, confi- 
dante. 

confide (kon-fid'), v.i. have confi- 
dence in : v.t. to trust fully [with 
to]. 

confidence (kon'fi-dens), n. trust; 
reliance. 

confident (-dent), adj. full of con- 
fidence ; positive : bold ; dogmatical. 

confidential (-den'shal), adj. spoken 
or ^T-itten in confidence ; trust- 
worthy. 

confidentially (-li), adv. in a con- 
fidential manner. 

configuration (-fig-u-ra'shun), n. ex- 
ternal form ; relative position of the 
planets. 

confine (kon'fin), n, a boundary, 



the 



to 
the 



the 
evi- 



border, or limit ; a frontier [usually 
pi.} : v.t. (kon-fin'), to restrict 
within limits ; imprison. 

confinement (kon-fin'ment), n. 
act of confining ; childbirth. 

confirm (kon-ferm'), v.t. 
strengthen ; ratify ; administer 
rite of confirmation. 

confirmation (-fer-ma'shun), n. 
act of confirming ; verification ; 
dence ; admission to full communion 
after Ijaptism. 

confirmatory ('a-to-ri), adj. serving 
to confirm. 

confiscate (kon-fis' or kon'fis-kat), 
v.t. to adjudge to be forfeited to the 
public treasury ; seize, as thus for- 
feited. 

confiscation (-ka'shun), n. the act 
of confiscating. 

confiscator ('fis-ka-ter), n. one who 
confiscates. 

confiscatory (-fis'ka-to-ri), adj. char- 
acterized by, or attended with, con- 
fiscation. 

conflagration (-fla-gra'shun), n. a 
great fire. 

conflict (kon-flikt'), v.i. to strike or 
dash together ; contend ; fight : n. 
(kon'flikt), a fight or struggle for 
the mastery ; a battle ; antagonism ; 
a violent collision. 

conflicting ('ting), adj. opposing. 

confluence (kon'flu-ens), n. th^ junc- 
tion of two or more streams; an 
assembly. 

confluent (-ent), adj. flowing or run- 
ning together : n. a tributary river 
or stream. 

conflus ('fluks), n. the meeting to- 
gether of two or more streams ; a 
crowd. 

conform (kon-form'), v.t. to make 
like; bring into harmony [usually 
with to] : v.i. to be in harmony 
with ; comply with. 

conf ormability (-form-a-bil'i-ti) , 
n. the quality or state of being 
conformable. 

conformable ('a-bl). adj. like; cor- 
responding ; compliant ; in parallel 
order. 

conformation (-for-ma'shun), n. 
structure ; arrangement ; shape. 

conformist ('ist), n. a member of 
the Established Church of England. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



con 



207 



eonformity ('i-ti), n. compliance 
with established forms ; resemblance. 

confound (kon-found'), v.t. to min- 
gle ; perplex ; astonish ; confuse ; 
overthrow. 

confraternity (-fra-ter'ni-ti), n. 
[pi. confraternities (-tiz)], a broth- 
erhood or society of men associated 
for a common purpose. 

confrere (k6n-frar'), n. an asso- 
ciate. 

confront (kon-frunt'), v.t. to stand 
face to face [with with] ; oppose ; 
compare. 

confuse (kon-ftiz'), v.t. to mingle; 
jumble up ; render indistinct ; dis- 
concert ; perplex. 

confusion (-fu'zhun), n. the act of 
confusing ; perplexity ; loss of self- 
possession ; disorder ; tumult. 

confutation (-fii-ta'shun), n. dis- 
proof. 
^ confute (kon-fuf), v.t. to prove to be 
false or invalid ; convict of error. 

congenial (-je'nial), adj. kindred; 
from a liquid to a solid state by 
cold : v.i. to concrete by cold. 

congelation (-je-la'shun), n. the act 
of congealing. 

congenial ( -je'nial ) , adj. kindred ; 
pleasant and sympathetic ; cognate. 

congeniality (-ni-al'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being congenial. 

congenital (-jen'i-tal), adj. existing, 
or produced, at birth ; constitutional. 

conger (kong'ger)_, n. a large sea-eel. 

congeries (kon-je'ri-ez), n. sing. & 
pi. a collection of particles into one 
mass. 

congest (kon-jest'), v.t. to accumu- 
late. 

congested ('ed), p.adj. unduly 
crowded ; containing an unnatural 
accumulation of blood. 

congestion (-jest'yun), n. an over- 
crowded condition, especially of the 
blood-vessels. 

congestive ('tiv), adj. implying con- 
gestion. 

conglomerate (-glom'er-at), v.t. to 
gather into a ball or round mass : 
adj. collected or clustered together : 
n. a rock composed of rounded or 
water-worn fragments of pre-exis- 
tent rocks. 

conglomeration (-er-a'shun), w. the 



act of conglomerating; a miscella- 
neous collection. 

conglutinate ('ti-nat), v.t. to glue 
together : adj. glued together ; united 
by an adhesive substance. 

conglutination (-na'shun), n. the 
act of gluing or joining together ; 
coalescence. 

conglutinative ('ti-na-tiv), adj. 
having power to unite or heal 
wounds. 

congratulate ( kon-grat'ti-lat ) , v.t. 
to felicitate on account of some 
happy event [with on or upon]. 

congratulation (-grat-u-la'shun), n. 
the act of congratulating. 

congratulator ('u-la-ter), n. one 
who congratulates. 

congratulatory (-to-ri), adj. ex- 
pressing congratulations. 

congregate (kong'gre-gat), v.t. to 
assemble ; gather together : v.i. to 
come together. 

congregation (-ga'shun), n. an as- 
sembly, especially of persons for 
religious worship. 

congregational (-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to a congregation. 

C ongr egationalism ( 'shun-al-izm ) , 
n. a democratic form of church gov- 
ernment, each congregation being 
self-governed. 

Congregationalist (-al-ist), n. an 
adherent to Congregationalism : adj. 
pertaining to Congregationalism. 

congress (kong'gres), n. a confer- 
ence ; an assembly of ambassadors, 
&c., for the settlement of interna- 
tional affairs. 

Congress (kong'gres), n. the na- 
tional legislature of the United 
States. 

Congressional ( kon-gresh'un-al ) , 
adj. pertaining to Congress. 

Congressman (-man), n. a member 
of Congress, especially of the House 
of Representatives. 

congruence ('groo-ens), n. suitabil- 
ity ; agreement ; consistency. Also 
congruency. 

congruent Cent), adj. suitable; 
agreeing. 

congruity ('i-ti), n. agreement; fit- 
ness. 

congruous ('groo-us), adj. accord- 
ant; fit. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. * 



con 



208 



conic (kon'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
shaped like, a cone. Also conical : 
n.pl. the branch of geometry which 
treats of the parabola, ellipse, and 
hyperbola ; conic sections. 

coniferous (ko-nif'er-us), adj. bear- 
ing cones. 

coniform (ko-ni-form), adj. cone- 
shaped. 

Conine (ko'nin), n. a very poisonous 
alkaloid existing in the hemlock. 

conjectural (kon-jek'ttir-al), adj. 
doubtful. 

conjecturally _(-li), adv. doubtfully. 

conjecture ('tur), n. a probable in- 
ference ; a guess : v.t. to imagine ; 
surmise : v.i. to form conjectures. 

conjoin (kon-join'), v.t. to join to- 
gether ; connect or associate : v.i. to 
unite. 

conjoint (-joint')* o,dj. united; co- 
operating. 

conjugal Cjoo-gal), adj. of, or per- 
taining to, marriage ; connubial. 

conjugality ('i-ti), n. the married 
state, 

conjugally (-li), adv. connubially. 

conjugate (kon'ju-gat), v.t. to in- 
flect (verbs) : v.i. to unite in conju- 
gation : adj. combined in pairs ; kin- 
dred in meaning and origin : n. a 
word agreeing in derivation with 
another word. 

conjugation (-ga'shun), n. the act 
of conjugating ; the inflection of a 
verb ; a kind of sexual union. 

conjunct (kon-jungkt'), adj. con- 
joined. 

conjunction (-jungk'shun), n. un- 
ion ; association ; connection ; the ap- 
parent meeting of two or more stars 
or planets ; a word used to connect 
sentences or words. 

conjunctive (-jungk'tiv), adj. serv- 
ing to unite ; closely connected : n. 
the conjunctive mood. 

conjunctive mood (mood), n. the 
mood which expresses contingency 
or condition. 

conjunctively (-li), adv. in union. 

conjuncture ('tur), n. a combina- 
tion of many circumstances or 
causes ; a critical time. 

conjuration (kon-ju-ra'shun), n. the 
act of conjuring or invoking ; an in- 



cantation ; an enchantment ; solemn 
entreaty. 

conjure (kon-jur'), v.t. to summon 
in a sacred name ; enjoin with the 
highest solemnity: (kun'jer), in- 
fluence by, or as if by, magic : v.i, 
to practice the arts of a conjurer. 

conjurer (kun'jer-er), n. one who 
performs tricks by sleight of hand ; 
an enchanter: (kon-jur'er), n. one 
who solemnly enjoins. 

conjuror (kon-jti'rer), n. one bound 
by an oath with others. 

connate (kon'nat), adj. united at the 
base. 

connauglit (kon'awt), a kind of 
cotton cloth used for embroidery. 

connect (kon-nekt'), v.t. to bind or 
fasten together ; unite ; associate 
with : v.i. to be joined ; cohere. 

connected ('ed), adj. linked together. 

connection or connexion (-nek'- 
shun), n. the state of being con- 
nected ; relation by marriage or 
blood ; sexual intercourse ; surround- 
ings ; acquaintance ; a religious 
body ; one's customers, &c. 

connective (-nek'tiv), adj. able to 
connect : n. that which connects. 

connectively (-li), adv. by connec- 
tion. 

connector ('ter), n. one who or that 
which connects, 

conning (kon'ing), n. the act of di- 
recting the helmsman of a vessel. 

conning-tower (-tou'er), n. the low 
shot-proof pilot-house of an armored 
vessel. 

connivance (-ni'vans), n. the act of 
conniving : passive cooperation in a 
crime or fault ; collusion. 

connive (kon-niv'), v.i. to close the 
eyes upon a fault ; be in secret com- 
plicity [with at}. 

connoisseur (kon-i-ser'), n. a criti- 
cal judge. 

connotation (-ta'shun), n. inference. 

connotative (kon-no'ta-tiv), adj. 
attributive. 

connote (kon-not'), v.t. to designate 
by implication; imply as an attri- 
bute. 

connubial (kon-ti'bi-al), adj. of, or 
pertaining to the marriage state ; 
nuptial. 

conoid (kon'oid), adj. cone-like. 



ate, arm, dsk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



COE 



209 



conoidal ('al), adj. almost conical. 

conquer (kong'ker), v.t. gain by con- 
quest ; overcome ; subdue : v.i. to 
get the victory. 

conqueror (-er), n. a victor. 

conquest ('kwest), n. the act of con- 
quering ; subjugation ; victory. 

consanguineous (kon-sang-gwin'e- 
us), adj. related by blood or birth. 

consanguinity ('i-ti), n. blood rela- 
tionship. 

conscience (kon'shens), n. the moral 
sense which determines right and 
wrong. 

conscientious (-shi-en'shus), adj. 
influenced or regulated by con- 
science ; scrupulous. 

conscious ('shus), adj. aware of 
one's thoughts and actions ; sen- 
sible. 

consciousness (-nes), n. the knowl- 
edge of that which passes in one's 
own mind. 

conscript (kon-skript'), v.t. to en- 
roll for compulsory military or naval 
service: (kon'skript) adj. registered; 
enrolled : n. one thus compulsorily 
enrolled. 

conscription (-skrip'shun), n. com- 
pulsory military or naval service ; 
the persons enrolled. 

consecrate (kon'se-krat),. u.if. to set 
apart as sacred ; dedicate to the 
service of God ; set apart to a 
sacred office ; devote : adj. conse- 
crated ; made sacred. 

consecration (-kra'shun), n. the act 
of consecrating ; a setting apart or 
devoting to a sacred use or office. 

consecrator (-ter), n. one who con- 
secrates. 

consecutive (-sek'u-tiv), adj. succes- 
sive. 

consecutively (-\i),adj. successively. 

consensus (-sen'sus), n. general 
agreement. 

consent (kon-senf), n. a yielding of 
the mind or will ; acquiescence ; 
sympathy : v.i. to comply ; yield ; 
accede ; concur. 

consentaneous (-ta'ne-us), adj. ac- 
cordant. 

consentient (-sen'shent), adj. agree- 
ing. 

consequence (kon'se-kwens), n. that 
which naturally follows an effect; 



inference; result; importance; sig- 
nificance. 

consequent (-kwent), adj. following 
as a result or natural effect [with 
to] : n. a result or effect. 

consequential (-kwen'shal), adj. 
following as the effect ; self-im- 
portant. 

conservable (-serv'a-bl), adj. that 
may be preserved from decay or in- 
jury. 

conservancy ('an-si), n. preserva- 
tion. 

conservant ('ant), adj. preserving. 

conservation (-va'shun), n. the act 
of preserving from decay, loss, or in- 
jury. 

conservational (-al), adj. tending 
to conservation. 

conservative ('va-tiv), adj. having 
the tendency or power to preserve : 
n. that which preserves ; one op- 
posed to hasty changes in the politi- 
cal, religious, or civil institutions 
of the country. 

conservatoire (-va-twar'), n. a pub- 
lic institution for instruction, es- 
pecially singing, music, &c. 

conservator (kon'ser-va-ter), one 
who preserves. 

conservatory (ser'va-to-ri), adj. 
tending ' to preserve : n. a green- 
house. 

conserve (kon-serv'), v.t. to pre- 
serve from injury or destruction; 
preserve with sugar : ( kon'serv ) n. 
preserved or candied fruit. 

consider (kon-sid'er), v.t. to fix the 
mind upon ; contemplate : v.i. to de- 
liberate ; reflect. 

considerable (-a-bl), adj. worthy of 
notice ; important ; valuable ; more 
than a little. 

considerably (-bli), adv. in a con- 
siderable manner. 

considerate ( -at ) , adj. having re- 
gard for others ; prudent ; thought- 
ful ; careful. 

consideration (-a'shun), n. the act 
of considering ; claim to notice ; 
mature thought ; an equivalent ; re- 
gard for others. 

considering ('er-ing), jjrep. taking 
into consideration : allowing for : n. 
doubt ; consideration. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



210 



con 



consign (kon-sin'), v.t. to deliver in 
a formal manner to another ; yield 
in trust ; to send goods. 

consignee (-sin-e'), n. the person to 
whom goods are sent ; an agent or 
factor. 

consignment ('ment), n. the act of 
consigning ; the thing consigned. 

consignor ('er), n. the person who 
consigns goods to another. Also 
consigner. 

consist (kon-sist')> v.i. to be com- 
posed of ; co-exist ; subsist [with 
in'\. 

consistence (-sis'tens), n. degree of 
density or firmness ; harmony. Also 
consistency. 

consistent ('tent), adj. solid; not 
contradictory. 

consolable (kon-sol'a-bl), n. admit- 
ting of consolation or comfort. 

consolation (-so-la'shun), n. allevia- 
tion of mental or physical distress ; 
solace. 

consolatory (-sol'a-tor-i), adj. tend- 
ing to console ; comforting ; sooth- 
ing. 

console (kon-sol'), v.t. to give com- 
fort to ; cheer in sorrow ; solace. 

console (kon'sol), n. an ornamental 
bracket supporting a cornice. 

consolidate (-sol'i-dat), v.t. to make 
solid ; harden ; condense : v.i. to be- 
come solid. 

consolidation (-da'shun), n. the ?«ct 
of consolidating ; solidification. 

consols (kon'solz or kon-solz'), n. 
the principal British funded secur- 
ity : abbreviation for consolidated 
fund. 

consomme (kon-so-ma'), n. a strong 
clear soup or bouillon. 

consonance (kon'so-nans), n. agree- 
ment of sounds ; harmony ; concord. 

consonant (-nant), adj. harmonious; 
accordant : n. a letter other than a 
vowel. 

consort (kon's6rt), n. a companion; 
a partner ; a husband or wife ; a 
ship accompanying another : v.t. 
& v.i. (kon-sort') to associate; keep 
company [with with]. 

conspectus (-spek'tus), n. a general 
sketch or digest of some subject ; a 
synopsis. 



conspicuous (-spik'ti-us), adj. men- 
tally or physically visible ; mani- 
fest ; distinguished. 

conspiracy (-spir'a-si), n. [pi. con* 
spiracles (-siz)], a plot; two or 
more persons engaged together for 
an unlawful or evil purpose. 

conspirator ('a-ter), n. one who 
conspires. 

conspire (kon-spir'), v.i. to concert 
a crime ; combine for an unlawful 
purpose. 

constable (kun'sta-bl), n. a high of- 
ficer of state in mediaeval courts ; a 
policeman. 

constabulary (-stab'ti-ler-i), adj. 
pertaining to constables : n. consta- 
bles collectively. 

constancy (kon'stan-si), n. firm- 
ness ; stability ; fidelity. 

constant ( 'stant ) , adj. steadfast ; 
firm ; continuous : n. in physics, 
that which is not subject to change, 
as gravity. 

constellation (-stel-a'shun), n. a 
group or cluster of fixed stars de- 
signated by some name ; an assem- 
blage of splendors, &c. 

consternation (-ster-na'shun), n, 
excessive terror, wonder, or sur- 
prise ; perturbation. 

constipate ('sti-pat), v.t. to make 
costive. 

constipation (-pa'shun), n. costive- 
ness. 

constituency (-stit'ti-en-si), n. [pi. 
constituencies (-siz)], the body of 
electors voting for a Member of 
Congress, &c. 

constituent ('u-ent), adj. necessary 
or essential : n. an essential or com- 
ponent part ; an elector. 

constitute ('sti-ttit), v.t. to compose 
or make up ; appoint ; elect ; enact ; 
establish. 

constituted authorities (aw-thor'- 
i-tiz), n.pl. government officers col- 
lectively. 

constitution (-tti'shun), n. the act 
of constituting ; the thing consti- 
tuted ; bodily strength ; mental or 
physical temperament; the system 
of fundamental laws of a nation, 
state or society. 

constitutional (-al), adj. inherent 
in the constitution ; fundamental : 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; bo5% 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



211 



n. a walk taken for the benefit of 
the health. 

constitutionalist (-ist), n. an ad- 
herent to constitutional government. 
constitutive ('sti-tu-tiv), adj. ele- 
mental ; essential ; productive. 

constrain (kon-stran'), v.t. to hold 
dow^n or keep back by force ; re- 
strain. 

constraint (-strant'), n. compul- 
sion. 
constrict (-strikt'), 'V.t. to bind; 
cramp. 

constriction ('shun), n. compres- 
sion ; contraction. 

constrictive ('tiv), adj. that con- 
stricts. 

constrictor (-strik'ter), n. that 
which contracts or compresses ; a 
muscle which contracts, closes, or 
compresses ; a large serpent, the boa- 
constrictor. 

constringent (-strin'jent), adj. con- 
tracting or binding. 

construct (kon-strukt'), v.t. to 
build ; form ; put together ; compose. 

construction (-struk'shun), n. the 
act of building ; that which is con- 
structed ; an edifice ; interpretation ; 
the syntactical arrangement of 
words in a sentence. 

constructive ('tiv), adj. having the 
character of construction ; inferred. 

constructively (-li), adv. by con- 
struction. 

constructiveness (-nes), n. the fac- 
ulty to construct. 

constructor ('ter), n. one who con- 
structs. 

construe (kon'stroo), v.t. to put into 
proper order by syntactical rules ; 
translate ; interpret. 

consubstantial ( -sub - stan'shal ) , 
adj. having the same substance, es- 
sence, or nature. 

consubstantiality (-shi-al'i-ti), n. 
participation in the same nature or 
essence : said of the Holy Trinity. 

consubstantiation (-shi-a'shun), n. 
the doctrine that the body and 
blood of Christ are in a mysterious 
manner substantially present in the 
Eucharistic elements after consecra- 
tion. 

consul (kon'sul), n. the chief magis- 



trate of the Roman Republic, and of 
the French Republic (1799-1804) ; 
an officer commissioned by a gov- 
ernment to reside in a foreign 
country to promote the interests of 
its trade, and protect its subjects. 

consul-general (-jen'er-al), n.' sl 
chief consul. 

consular (-ar), adj. pertaining to a 
consul. 

consulate ('su-lat), n. the office and 
residence of a consul. 

consult (kon-sulf), v.t. to ask advice 
of ; regard : v.i. to take counsel to- 
gether. 

consultation (-sul-ta'shun), n. the 
act of consulting ; a conference or 
deliberation on some special matter. 

consultative ('ta-tiv), adj. delibera- 
tive. 

consume (kon-stim'), v.t. to destroy; 
waste ; spend : v.i. waste away ; be 
exhausted. 

consummate (kon'sum-at), v.t. to 
complete; finish: adj. (kon-sum'at), 
perfect. 

consummately (-sum'at-li), adv. 
perfectly. 

consummation (-a'shun), n. com- 
pletion. 

consumption (-sump'shun) , n. the 
act of consuming ; a gradual wast- 
ing away ; pulmonary • disease ; 
phthisis. 

consumptive ('tiv), adj. pertaining 
to consumption; affected with 
phthisis. 

contact (kon'takt), n. touch; close 
union. 

contagion (kon-ta'jun), n. transL'.mis- 
sion of disease by direct or indirect 
contact. 

contagious ('jus), adj. transmitted 
by contact. 

contain (kon-tan'), v.t. to hold, as a 
vessel ; keep within bounds ; inclose : 
v.i. to live in continence. 

contaminate (-tam'i-nat), v.t. to 
pollute. 

contamination (-na'shun), n. pol- 
lution. 

contaminative ('i-na-tiv), adj. tend- 
ing to contaminate. 

contemn (kon-tem'), v.t. to despise. 

contemplate ('plat), v.t. to con- 



L ate, arm, 



:, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; bOon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



212 



con 



sider with continued attention ; 
meditate on ; study. 

contemplation (-pla'shun), n. the 
act of contemplating ; pious medita- 
tion ; intention. 

contemplative ('pla-tiv), adj. 
thoughtful. 

contemplatively (-li), adv. thought- 
fully. 

contemplator (kon'tem-pla-ter), n. 
one who contemplates. 

contemporaneous (-po-ra'ne-us), 
adj. contemporary. 

contemporary ('po-ra-ri), adj. ex- 
isting Or occurring at the same time : 
n. one living at the same time as 
another. 

contempt (kon-tempt'), n. disdain; 
scorn ; disobedience to the orders, 
&c., of a court. 

contemptible ('i-bl), adj. meriting 
scorn. 

contemptibly (-bli), adv. in a con- 
temptible manner. 

contemptuous ('u-us), adj. disdain- 
ful. 

contend (kon-tend'), v.i. to strive m 
opposition ; vie [with with or 
against] ; dispute or debate ; assert. 

content (kon-tenf), adj. satisfied; 
willing : v.t. to satisfy ; gratify ; ap- 
pease : n. (con'tent), generally plu- 
ral, that which is comprised in any- 
thing. 

contented ('ed), p.adj. gratified; 
satisfied. 

contention (-ten'shun), n. contest; 
debate. 

contentious (-ten'shnis), adj. caus- 
ing contention ; quarrelsome ; liti- 
gious. 
contentment (-tent'ment), n. satis- 
faction. 
conterminous (-ter'mi-nus), adj. 
contiguous. 

contest (kon-test'), v.t. to dispute; 
oppose ; litigate : v.i. to strive ; con- 
tend ; vie: n. (kon'test) a struggle 
for superiority; dispute. 
contestant (-tes'tant), n. one who 
contests, especially an election, or a 
will. , ^ . 

context (kon'tekst), n. the parts in 
a book or discourse immediately ad- 
joining the sentence quoted. 
contexture (-teks'tur), n. structure. 



contiguity (-ti-gti'i-ti), n. contact. 

contiguous ( -tig'ti-us ) , adj. adjacent. 

continence (kon'ti-nens), n. chasti- 
ty ; self-restraint ; moderation. Alsa 
continency. 

continent ('ti-nent), adj. chaste; 
exercising self-restraint : n. a large 
extent of land forming a geograph- 
ical division. 

continental ('al), adj. pertaining to 
a continent. 

contingence (kon-tin'jens), n. [pi. 
contingencies ('jen-siz)], a chance 
or possible occurrence. Also con- 
tingency. 

contingent ('jent), adj. accidental; 
conditional : n. a possibility ; quota 
of troops. 

continual ('ti-al), adj. proceeding 
without interruption ; incessant ; 
constant. 

continually (-li), adv. without in-' 
termission. 

continuance ('u-ans), n. perma- 
nence ; uninterrupted succession ; 
duration. 

continuation (-u-a'shun), n. the act 
of continuing. 

continue (kon-tin'ii), v.t. to carry on 
without interruption ; persist in : v.i.. 
to remain ; abide ; endure ; perse- 
vere. 

continuity (-ti-nu'i-ti), n. [pi. con- 
tinuities (-tiz)], uninterrupted suc- 
cession or connection ; cohesion. 

continuous (-tin'u-us), adj. uninter- 
rupted. 

contort (kon-tort'), v.t. to twist. 

contortion (-tor'shun), n. a twist; 
flexure. 

contortionist (-ist), n. an acrobat 
who contorts his body in perform- 
ing gymnastics. 

contour (kon-toor'), n. an outline; 
profile : v.t. to make an outline of. 

contraband, (kon'tra-band), adj.. 
prohibited from importation ; illegal. 

contraband o£ war (wawr), n. cer- 
tain commodities used in warfare, 
and the traffic in them with belliger- 
ent states. 

contrabandist (-ist), n. a smuggler. 

contrabass© (-tra-bas'so) , adj. 
sounding an octave lower than an- 
other instrument of the same class: 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl 



me, merge, met ; mite, 
book; hue. hut; think, 



mit ; 
then. 



note, nCrth, not ; boon,. 



213 



n. the largest instrument of the vio- 
lin class, the double-bass. 

•contract (kon-trakt'),i;.;f. draw closer 
together ; shorten ; condense : v.i. to 
shrink up ; bargain ; agree upon : n. 
(kon'trakt) a compact; a written 
agreement. 

iContractibility (trak-ti-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality or capability of being 
contracted. 

-contractile (-trak'til), adj. having 
the power of shortening itself. Also 
contractible. 

contractility (-trak-til'i-ti), n. the 
power of contracting. 

contraction (-trak'shun), n. the act 
of contracting ; the state of being 
contracted ; the reduction of two 
vowels or syllables into one ; abbre- 
viation. 

contractor (-trak'ter), n. one of the 
parties to a contract ; one who con- 
tracts to supply or construct for a 
stipulated sum. 

contra-dance (kon'tra-dans), n. a 
dance in which the partners are ar- 
ranged in opposite lines ; a country- 
dance. Also contre-dance. 

contradict (kon-tra-dikt'), v.t. to as- 
sert the contrary or opposite of ; 
gainsay ; deny. 

contradiction (-dik'shun), n. the 
act of contradicting ; denial ; incon- 
gruity. 

contradictorily (-dik'to-ri-li), adj. 
contentiously. 

contradictory (-dik'to-ri), adj. con- 
trary. 

contradistinction ( - dis - tingk ' - 
shun), n. a distinction by opposite 
qualities. 

contradistinctive ('tiv), adj. char- 
acterized by contradistinction. 

contradistinguish (-ting'gwish) ,v.#. 
to distinguish by opposite qualities. 

contralto (kon-tral'to), n. the part 
sung by the highest male {counter- 
tenor) or the lowest female voice 
{alto). 

contrariety (-tra-ri'i-ti), n. [pi. con- 
trarieties (-tiz)], opposition; in- 
consistency. 

contrarily ('tra-ri-li), adv. in a con- 
trary manner. 

contrariness ('tra-ri-nes), n. con- 
trariety. 



contrari^vise ( 'tra-ri-wiz ) , adv. con- 
versely. 

contrary ('tra-ri), adj. opposite; in 
an opposite direction ; perverse ; 
wayward : n. a thing of opposite 
qualities. 

contrast (kon-trast') , v.t. to place in 
contrast; compare: n. (kon'trast) 
opposition or difference of qualitiea 
made manifest by comparison ; dis- 
similitude. 

contravallation (-val-a'shun), n. ^ 
fortification thrown up round a city 
by a besieging force for security 
against the enemy's sallies. 

contravene ( kon-tra-ven' ) , 'y.^. to ob- 
struct ; violate. 

contravention (-ven'shun), n. oppo- 
sition ; violation. 

contre-dance, same as contra-dance. 

contretemps (kong-tr-tang'), n. an 
unexpected event causing confusion ; 
a hitch. 

contribute (kon-trib'ut), v.t. to give 
to some common stock ; furnish as a 
share : v.i. to use one's influence. 

contribution (-tri-bu'shun), n. the 
act of contributing ; a subscription ; 
tax ; a writing furnished to a period- 
ical. 

contributive (-trib-u'tiv), adj. con- 
tributing. 

contributor ('ti-ter), n, one who 
contributes. 

contributory ('ti-to-ri), adj. pro- 
moting the same end. 

contrite (kon'trit), adj. penitent. 

contritely (-li), adv. penitently. 

contriteness (-nes), n. penitence; 
sorrow. 

contrition (-trish'un), n. sorrow for 
sin. 

contrivance (-tri'vans), n. Si device; 
apparatus ; scheme ; plan. 

contrive (kon-triv'), v.t. to devisej 
invent ; plan ; scheme. 

control (kon-trol'), n. a check; re- 
straint ; superintendence ; authority : 
v.t. [p.t.. & p.p. controlled: p.pr. 
controlling], to restrain; govern; 
regulate. 

controllable ('a-bl), adj. subject to 
control. 

controller ('er), n. one who con- 
trols ; a public ofiBcer who oversees 
and verifies the accounts of subor- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



214 



dinate officials. Less correctly comp- 
troller. 

CGUitroversial (-tro-ver'shal), adj. 
polemical. 

controversialist (-ist), n. a dispu- 
tant. 

controversially (-li), adv. in a con- 
troversial manner. 

controversy ('tro-ver-si), n. [pi. 
controversies (-siz)], agitation of 
contrary opinions ; debate ; disputa- 
tion. 

controvert (-tro-vert'), v.t. to con- 
tend against ; refute ; disprove. 

controvertible (-ver'ti-bl), adj. ca- 
pable of being disputed. 

controvertibly (-bli), adv. in a con- 
trovertible manner. 

controvertist (-ver'tist), n. a dis- 
putant. 

contumacious (-tii-ma'shus), adj. 
perverse ; obstinate. 

contumacy ('tu-ma-si), n. [pi. con- 
tumacies (-siz)], obstinate or per- 
verse opposition to lawful authority. 

contumelious (-tii-me'li-us) , adj. 
haughtily contemptuous or offensive ; 
supercilious. 

contumely ('tu-me-li), n. [pi. con- 
tumelies (-liz)], haughty and con- 
temptuous rudeness ; scornful and 
insolent abuse. 

contuse (kon-tuz'), v.t. to wound or 
bruise without breaking the skin. 

contusion (-tu'zhun), n. the act of 
contusing ; the state of being con- 
tused. 

conundrum (ko-nun'drum), n. a rid- 
dle. 

convalesce - (kon-va-les'), v.i. to re- 
cover strength and health after ill- 
ness. 

convalescence ('ens), n. gradual re- 
covery after illness. Also convales- 
cency. 

convalescent ('ent), adj. recovering 
health. 

convene (kon-ven'), v.i. to meet to- 
gether : v.t. cause to assemble ; sum- 
mon judicially. 

convenience (-ve'niens), n. fitness; 
freedom from discomfort ; accommo- 
dation. 

convenient ('nient), adj. suitable; 
appropriate ; affording accommoda- 
tion ; handy. 



convent (kon'vent), n. a community 
of religious recluses ; a nunnery ; 
monastery. 

conventicle (-ven'ti-kl), n. an as- 
sembly for worship [usually imply- 
ing schism]. 

convention (-ven'shun), n. a polit- 
ical or ecclesiastical assembly; a 
diplomatic agreement. 

conventional (-al), adj. sanctioned 
by, or growing out of, custom or 
tacit agreement ; based on accepted 
models or artistic rules. 

conventionalism (-al-izm), n. that 
which, is received as established by 
usage, &c. 

conventionality (-al'i-ti), n. [pi. 
conventionalities (-tiz)], adherence 
to conventional rules or precedents; 
artificiality. 

conventionally (-li), adv. in a con* 
ventional manner. 

converge (kon-verj'), v.i. tend to 
one point. 

convergence ('ens), n. [pi. conver- 
gencies ('en-siz)], tendency to one 
point. 

convergent ('ent), adj. tending to 
one point. 

conversable (kon-vers'a-bl), social; 
inclined to converse. Also conversi- 
ble. 

conversant (kon'ver-sant), adj. ac- 
quainted or familiar with; profi- 
cient. 

conversation (-sa'shun), n. infor- 
mal or familiar talk. 

conversational (-al), adj. pertaining 
to conversation. 

conversationist (-ist), oi. one who 
excels in conversation. Also con- 
versationalist. 

conversazione (-ver-sat-ze-o'ne), n. 
[pi. conversazioni ('ne)], a meeting 
for conversation, especially on lit- 
erary or scientific topics. 

converse (kon-vers'), v.i. to inter- 
change thoughts ; talk familiarly : 
adj. & 11. (kon-vers) reversed in 
order or relation ; opposite ; ac- 
quaintance ; familiar talk. 

conversely (-li), adv. reciprocally. 

conversion (-ver'shun), n. change 
from one state, or from one religion, 
to another. 

convert (kon-vert'), v.t. to trans- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, ;t7ien. 



con 



215 



I 



mute ; change from one religion to 
another ; cause to undergo a moral 
change ; apply to any use : n. ( kon'- 
vert) one who changes from one 
religion to another ; one who has un- 
dergone a moral change. 

converter ('er), n. one who con- 
verts ; an iron retort used for con- 
verting pig iron into steel in the 
Bessemer process ; a kind of electri- 
cal induction coil. 

convertibility ('i-ti), n. the qual- 
ity of being convertible. 

convertible ( kon-ver'ti-bl ) , adj. 
transmutable ; interchangeable. 

convex (kon'veks), adj. curved on the 
exterior surface: opposed to con- 
cave : n. a convex body. 

convexity ('i-ti), n. roundness. 

convexo-concave ('o-kon'kav), adj. 
convex on one side, concave on the 
other. 

convey (kon-va'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
conveyed, p.pr. conveying], to carry 
or transport ; transmit ; impart ; 
communicate; transfer the title to 
(property). 

conveyance ('ans), n. the act or 
means of conveying; a vehicle; the 
transference of property from one 
owner to another. 

conveyancer ('ans-er), w. a lawyer 
who draws up deeds, &c., transfer- 
ring property. 

conveyancing ('ans-ing), w. the busi- 
ness of drawing deeds, leases, &c., 
and investigating titles to property. 

convict (kon-vikt'), v.t. to prove or 
pronounce guilty of a crime charged : 
n. (kon'vikt) a criminal sentenced 
to penal servitude. 

conviction (-vik'shun), n, the act of 
convicting ; the state of being con- 
victed ; strong belief. 

convince (kon-vins'), v.t. to satisfy 
by evidence or argument ; persuade ; 
cause to believe. 

convivial ( kon-viv'i-al ) , adj. festive ; 
jovial. 

conviviality ('i-ti), n. good fellow- 
ship. 

convivially (-li), adv. festively. 

convocation (kon-vo-ka'shun), ^. the 
act of convoking an assembly, es- 
pecially of bishops and beneficed 



clergy, or heads of a university ; an 
assembly of clergy. 

convocational (-al), adj. pertaining 
to a convocation. 

convoke (kon-vok'), v.t. to call or 
summon together ; convene. 

convolute (kon'vo-lut), adj. rolled 
upon itself; twisted. Also convo- 
luted. 

convolution (-Iti'shun), n. a rolling 
together. 

convolve (-volv'), v.t. to roll to- 
gether. 

convoy (kon-voi'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
convoyed, p.pr. convoying], to ac- 
company on the way for protection, 
by sea or land: n. (kon'voi) a pro- 
tecting force accompanying ships, 
goods, persons, &c. ; an escort. 

convulse (kon-vuls'), v.t. to agitate 
violently ; shake ; affect with convul- 
sions. 

convulsion (-vul'shun), n. an agita- 
tion ; tumult ; a violent and unnat- 
ural contraction of the muscles. 

convulsive (-vuls'iv), adj. producing 
convulsions. 

cony or coney (ko'ni), n. \_pl. conies 
('niz)], a rabbit. 

coo (koo), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. cooed, p.pr. 
cooing], to cry like a dove or pi- 
geon ; to act or converse in a loving 
manner : n. the sound uttered by 
doves and pigeons. 

cook (kook), v.t. to prepare for eat- 
ing by boiling, baking, or roasting: 
v.i. to act as a cook : n. one who 
prepares food for the table. 

cookery ('er-i) , n. [pi. cookeries 
( -iz ) ] , the art or practice of cook- 
ing. 

cooky ('i), n. [pi. cookies ('iz)], a 
small flat sweet cake. Also cookie. 

cool (kool), adj. [compar. cooler, 
superl. coolest], slightly or moderate- 
ly cold ; calm ; deliberate : v.t. to 
make cool : v.i. to become cool. 

cooler ('er), n. that which cools; a 
vessel for cooling liquids, &c. 

coolie (koo'li), n. an East Indian 
porter : adj. pertaining to coolies. 

coolly ('li), adv. in a cool manner. 

coolness ('nes), n. the state of being 
cool. 

coom (koom), n. matter which col- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



216 



coq 



lects at the naves of wheels, &c. ; 
soot ; coal-dust. 

coon (koon), n. abbreviation of rac- 
coon ; a sly knowing person ; slang 
name for a negro : v.i. to creep along 
the branch of a tree like a racoon. 

coop (koop), n. a cage; pen: v.t, to 
confine in, or as in, a coop ; inclose. 

cooper ('er), n. a maker of barrels, 
casks, &c. ; a beverage, half stout 
and half porter ; vessel that sells 
spirits, tobacco, &c., to fishermen, 
especially on the North Sea. 

cooperage ('er-aj), n. the business or 
workshop of a cooper ; price for 
cooper's work. 

cooperant (ko-op'er-ant), adj. coop- 
erating. 

cooperate ('er-at), xi.i. to act or 
work jointly ; concur to produce the 
same effect. 

cooperation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
working jointly together ; concur- 
rence. 

cooperative ('er-a-tiv), adj. promot- 
ing jointly the same end. 

cobperator ('er-a-ter), n. one who 
acts or labors conjointly with oth- 
ers. 

coordinate (-or'di-nat), v.t. to place 
in the same order, class, &c. ; har- 
monize : adj. of the same rank or 
authority as another : n.pl. lines or 
other elements by which the position 
of any point is determined by a fixed 
figure or lines. 

coordinately (-li), adv. in the same 
rank, &c. 

coordination (-na'shun), n. state of 
being coordinate. 

coot (koot), n. a short-tailed water- 
fowl. 

cop (kop), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. copped, 
p.pr. copping], to seize as a prison- 
er ; throw underhand : n. a police- 
man. 

copaiba (ko-pa'ba), n. a resinous 
balsam from various South Ameri- 
can and West Indian trees : used as 
a medicine. Also copaiva. 

copal (ko-pal), n. a gum-resin: used 
in varnishes. 

cope (kop), n. a large semi-circular 
ecclesiastical vestment, worn by 
bishops and priests over the surplice. 



cope (kop), v.i. to strive or contend 
(followed by with). 

copeck (ko'pek), n. a Russian coin, 
— 1-lOOth rouble. Also kopeck. 

Copernican (ko-per'ni-kan), adj» 
pertaining to the astronomical sys- 
tem of Copernicus, which conceived 
the sun to be its center. 

copier (kop'i-er), n. a transcriber; 
imitator. 

coping (ko'ping), n. the top masonry 
of a wall. 

copiotis ('pi-us), adj. abundant; dif- 
fusive. 

copper (kop'er), n. a red, ducjtile, 
malleable, tenacious metal ; a boiler : 
v.t. to cover with copper. Also cop- 
perize. 

copper (kop'er), n. a policeman. 

copperhead (-hed), n. a venomous 
American serpent. 

copperplate (-plat), n. a polished 
copper plate on which something is 
engraved for printing : adj. pertain- 
ing to the art of engraving on cop- 
perplate. 

coppice (kop'is), n. same as copse. 

copse (kops), n. a thicket of brush- 
wood : v.t. to cut and trim as brush- 
wood : v.i. to preserve or plant 
brushwood. 

copula Cu-la), n. [pi. copulas, or .^e 
(az, -e)], a word which joins the 
subject and predicate in a sentence 
or proposition. 

copulate ('u-lat), v.i. to have sexual 
intercourse. 

copulation (-la'shun), n. sexual in- 
tercourse. 

copulative (-la'tiv), adj. uniting: w. 
a copulative conjunction. 

copy (kop'i), n. [pi. copies ('iz)], an 
imitation ; a transcript ; a writing 
exercise ; an original work : v.t. to 
transcribe ; reproduce : v.i. imitate. 

copyist (-ist), n. one who copies. 

copyright (-rit), n. the exclusive 
right of an author in his literary or 
artistic work for a prescribed num- 
ber of years. 

coquet (ko-ket'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. co- 
quetted, p.pr. coquetting], to flirt; 
seek to attract attention or admj. 
ration ; trifle. 

coquetry (ko'ket-ri), n. [pi. coquet 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not : boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, ttiQn. 



cocv 



217 



ries (-riz)], the act of coquetting; 
flirtation. 

coquette (ko-ket')» w- a vain woman 
who seeks to gain men's attention 
and admiration. 

coral (kor'al), t., the hard calcareous 
skeleton of certain marine polyps ; 
the unimpregnated roe of the lob- 
ster : adj. pertaining to coral. 

coralline ('al-in), adj. consisting of, 
or like, coral ; of a color like coral : 
n. an orange-red dye stuff. 

corbeil (kor'bel), n. a little basket 
filled with earth, used in sieges to 
shelter troops. 

corbel ('bel), n. a projection of stone, 
wood, or iron to support some mass, 
often ornamented with grotesque fig- 
ures ; a sculptured basket of flowers, 
fruit, &c. 

cord (kord), n. a twisted string; a 
measure of wood — 128 cub. ft. (8 
ft. long 4 ft. high, 4 ft. broad) ; a 
moral influence : v.t. to fasten or 
connect with cord. 

cordage ('aj), n. a quantity of cords 
or ropes ; ropes and rigging collec- 
tively. 

cordate (kor'dat), adj. heart-shaped. 

cordelle ('del), n. a twisted rope or 
tassel ; a tow-rope. 

cordial (kor'jal), adj. hearty; sin- 
cere ; cheering : n. a medicine that 
increases the strength and restores 
the spirits ; an aromatic and sweet- 
ened spirit. 

cordiality ('i-ti), n. sincere sympa- 
thetic geniality ; sincerity ; hearti- 
ness. 

cordiform ('di-f6rm), adj. heart- 
shaped. 

cordilla (-dil'a), n. coarse German 
hemp. 

Cordillera (-dil-ya'ra), n. a continu- 
ous ridge or chain of mountains. 

cording (kord'ing), n. the ribbed sur- 
face of a twilled fabric. 

cordon (kor'don), n. a ribbon worn 
as the badge of an order ; a band ; a 
course of projecting stones forming 
the coping of a scarf wall ; a line of 
military posts. 

cordon bleu (bioo), n. the highest 
distinction in any profession ; a first- 
class cook. 

oordonnet (-do-na'), n. the slightly- 



raised border of a point-lace pat- 
tern ; edging made of piping. 

cordovan ('do-van), n. a Spanish 
leather made of goatskin, or split 
horsehide tanned and dressed. Also 
cordwain. 

corduroy ('dti-roi), n. a stout ribbed 
or corded cotton ; piled fustian : v.t. 
to construct (a corduroy road). 

corduroy road (rod), n. a roadway 
formed of logs laid side by side 
across swampy ground, &c. 

cordivainer (kord'wa-ner), n. a 
worker in leather ; a shoemaker. 

core (kor), n, the heart or innermost 
part of anything, especially of fruit : 
v.t. to remove the core from ; to 
mold or cast on a core. 

co-respondent (ko-re-spond'ent), n. 
a joint respondent in a divorce suit. 

coriaceous (ko-ri-a'shus), adj. like 
leather. 

coriander (kor-i-an'der), n. an um- 
belliferous plant, the seeds of which 
are used as a carminative. 

Corintbian (ko-rin'thi-an), adj. of, 
or pertaining to, Corinth, a cele- 
brated city of Greece, noted for its 
luxury and licentiousness ; luxuri- 
ous ; conducted by amateurs ; noting 
the Corinthian order of architecture : 
n. a man about town ; a gentleman 
yachtsman, or sportsman. 

corintbian bronze (bronz), n. an 
alloy of fine quality originally pro- 
duced at Corinth. 

corintbian order (Or'der), n. the 
lightest and most ornate of the clas- 
sic orders of architecture, with a 
bell-shaped capital, and ornamented 
with acanthus leaves. 

corium (ko'ri-um), n. the innermost 
layer of skin of the cuticle. 

cork (kork), n. the outer layer of the 
bark of the cork tree, a species of 
oak ; a stopper for a bottle : adj. 
made of cork. 

corky ('i), adj. made of, or like, cork. 

cormorant (kor'mo-rant), n. a div- 
ing bird that preys voraciously on 
fish; a glutton. 

corn (korn), n. grain, as wheat, bar- 
ley, &c. ; maize, or Indian corn ; 
plants that yield grain ; breadstuff. 

corn (korn), n. a horny excrescence 
as with salt in grains. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl 



me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



boon. 



218 



corn (korn), n. a horny excrescence 
on the toe, or foot.' 

corn-cob ('kob), n. the spike of an 
ear of Indian corn. 

cornea, (kor'ne-a), n. the horny circu- 
lar transparent membrane which 
forms the anterior portion of the 
eyeball. 

cornelian (-ne'lian), n. a semi-trans- 
parent variety of chalcedony. Also 
carneliau. 

corner (kor'ner), n. an angle; a re- 
tired place ; a mercantile ring to mo- 
nopolize some product : v.t. to drive 
or force into some position of diffi- 
culty from which there is no escape. 
corner the market, to buy up a 
commodity so as to monopolize it. 

corner-stone (-ston), n. the princi- 
pal stone. 

cornet ('net), a kind of trumpet. 

cornflo-wer ('flour), H. any wild 
plant growing in the cornfields, espe- 
cially the bluebottle. 

cornice ('dIs), n. the highest projec- 
tion or border on a wall or column. 

cornstarch ( 'starch ) , n. starch made 
from meal of Indian corn ; used for 
puddings, &c. 

cornucopia (kor-nu-ko'pi-a), n. [pi. 
cornucopise (-e), or -as (-az)], the 
horn of plenty represented in sculp- 
ture, as overflowing with fruit, flow- 
ers, &c. 

cornuted (-tit'ed), adj. horned. 

corolla (ko-rol'a), n. the inner envel- 
ope of a flower composed of two or 
more petals. 

corollaceous (kor-ol-la'shus), adj. 
pertaining to, or resembling, a co- 
rolla. 

corollary (kor'ol- or ko-rol'a-ri), n. 
an additional deduction or inference 
drawn from a demonstrated propo- 
sition. 

corona (ko-ro'na), n. [pi. coronse 
• ('ne)], a crown; the flat projecting 
part of a cornice ; the upper surface 
of a molar tooth ; a halo surround- 
ing heavenly bodies ; any crown-like 
appendage at the top of an organ of 
a plant. 

coronal (kor'o- or ko-ro'nal), adj. 
pertaining to the corona : n. a crown, 
or garland. 



coronation (kor-o-na'shun), n. the 
act or ceremony of crowning a sov- 
ereign. 

coroner (kor'o-ner), n. an officer who 
inquires into cases of sudden or ac- 
cidental death. 

coronet ('o-net) , n. an inferior 
crown ; an ornamental head-dress ; 
the bone immediately beneath a 
horse's hoof. 

coronium (ko-ro'ni-um), n. sl recent- 
ly discovered element, lighter than 
hydrogen. 

corporal (kor'po-ral), adj. relating 
to the body ; opposed to the mind : n. 
a communion cloth ; a corporale ; a 
non-commissioned officer of the low- 
est grade. 

corporally (-li), adv. bodily; phys- 
ically. 

corporate (-rat), adj. united in a 
body or community by legal enact- 
ment. 

corporation (-ra'shun), n. a body 
politic having a common seal, and 
legally authorized to act as one indi- 
vidual ; a protuberant stomach. 

corporator (-ra-ter), n. a member of 
a corporation, especially an original 
member. 

corporeal (-po're-al), adj. having a 
material body ; physical. 

corporeality ('i-ti), n. the state of 
being corporal. 

corps (kor), n. [pi. corps (korz)], a 
body of troops ; a body of persons 
associated in a common work. 

corps diplomatique (dip-lo-ma- 
tek'), n. the ministers accredited to 
a government. 

corpse (korps), n. a dead body. 

corpulence (k6r'pu-lens), n. exces- 
sive fatness of body. Also corpu- 
lency. 

corpulent (-lent), adj. bulky; fat; 
having a large, fleshy body. 

corpus ('pus), n. [pi. corpora ('po- 
ra)], a body; collection; the chief 
part of an organ. 

Corpus Christi (kris'ti), (Latin the 
body of Christ), a Roman Catholic 
festival (the first Thursday after 
Trinity Sunday) in honor of the 
Eucharist. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



219 



corpuscle ('pus-1), n. a minute par- 
ticle. 

corpuscular (-pus'kti-lar), adj. per- 
taining to, or composed of, corpus- 
cles. 

corral (kor-ral'), n. a pen for live 
stock ; an inclosure with wagons ; a 
strong stockade for capturing wild 
elephants: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. corralled, 
p.pr. corralling], to drive into, or 
secure in, a corral ; to take posses- 
sion of, or capture ; corner. 

correct (ko-rekf) , v.t. to set straight ; 
rectify ; punish faults ; amend : adj. 
exact ; accurate ; free from error ; 
conforming to a fixed rule or stand- 
ard. 

correction ('shun), n. the act of cor- 
recting ; chastisement. 

correctional (-al), adj. tending to 
correct. 

corrective ('tiv), adj. able to cor- 
rect : n. that which corrects ; an an- 
tidote. 

corrector ('ter), n. one who corrects. 

correlate (kor-e-laf), v.i. to be re- 
ciprocally related : adj. reciprocally 
related. 

correlation (-la'shun), n. recipro- 
cal relation ; similarity or parallel- 
ism of relation or law ; the interde- 
pendence of functions, organs, nat- 
ural forces, or phenomena. 

correlative (-el'a-tiv), adj. having 
reciprocal or mutual relation : n. the 
antecedent of a pronoun. 

correlatively (-li), adv. in a correl- 
ative relation. 

correspond (kor-e-spond'), v.i. to be 
adequate to ; agree ; suit ; answer ; 
communicate by letters. 

correspondence ('ens), n. communi- 
cation by letters ; mutual adapta- 
tion ; congruity. 

correspondent Cent), adj. agreeing 
with ; similar : n. one with whom in- 
tercourse is maintained by letters ; 
one who sends news to a journal. 

corridor (kor'i-dor), n. a gallery or 
open passage in a building. 

corrigible (kor'ij-i-bl), adj. capable 
of being amended, corrected, or re- 
formed. 

corroborate (kor-rob'or-at), i;.f. con- 
firm ; strengthen ; establish verify. 



corroboration (-ra'shvm), n. verifi- 
cation. 

corroborative ('6-ra-tiv), adj. veri- 
fying ; confirmative. 

corroboratory ('o-ra-to-ri), adj. 
tending to corroborate. 

corrode (kor-od'), v.t. to eat away 
gradually ; consume ; disintegrate. 

corrodible (-o'di-bl), adj. capable of 
being corroded. Also corrosible. 

corrosion (kor-o'zhun), n. the act of 
corroding ; a corroded condition. 

corrugate ('oo-gat), v.t. to draw, or 
shape, into wrinkles or folds. 

corrugated iron (irn), w. sheet-iron 
pressed into alternate parallel ridges 
and grooves and galvanized. 

corrugation (-ga'shun), n. the act 
of corrugating ; a fold or wrinkle. 

corrupt (kor-upf), v.t. to turn from 
a sound to an unsound and putres- 
cent state ; make impure ; vitiate or 
deprave ; seduce ; bribe : v.i. to be- 
come putrid : adj. depraved ; putrid : 
spoiled ; abounding in errors ; open 
to bribery. 

corruptibility (-up-ti-bil'i-ti), w. the 
state or possibility of being cor- 
rupted. 

corruptible (-up'ti-bl), adj. capable 
of being corrupted ; subject to decay ; 
susceptible of being bribed. 

corruption (-up'shun), n. the act of 
corrupting ; the state of being cor- 
rupted ; physical dissolution. 

corsage (kOr'sazh) , n. a bodice ; 
waist. 

corsair ('sar), n. a pirate. 

corse (k6rs), n. poetic for corpse. 

corset ('set), n. a bodice: pi. a pair 
of stays : v.t. to inclose in corsets. 

corslet ('let), n. light body armor, 

cortege (kor-tazh'), n. a train of at- 
tendants ; retinue ; procession. 

Cortes (kor'tez), n.jjl. the national 
and legislative assembly of Spain 
and Portugal. 

cortex (kor'teks), n. [pi. cortices 
('ti-sez)], outer bark or covering. 

cortical ('ti-kal), adj. consisting of, 
or like, bark ; external. 

corundum (ko-run'di^m), n. a min- 
eral of extreme hardness. 

coruscate (ko-rus' or kor'us-kat), v.i. 
to sparkle ; flash. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



220 



coruscation (kor-us-ka'shun), n. a 
sudden liash or play of light. 

corvette (kor-vef ) , n. a. sloop of war. 

corvine ('vin), adj. pertaining to a 
crow. 

cosey, cosy (ko'zi), adj. & n. same 
as cozy. 

cosily (ko'zi-li), adv. snugly. 

cosmetic (koz-met'ik), ad;, imparting 
or improving beauty : n. a wash or 
preparation for such a purpose. 

cosmic (koz'mik), adj. pertaining to 
the universe and the laws which gov- 
ern it ; rising or setting with the 
sun. Also cosmical. 

cosmism ('mizm), n. Herbert Spen- 
cer's evolutionary philosophy. 

cogmogony (-mog'o-ni), n. a. treatise 
on the world's origin. 

cosmography (-mog'ra-fi), n. the 
science which treats of the constitu- 
tion of the whole system of worlds, 
or the earth as part of the universe : 
it includes geography, astronomy, 
and geology. 

cosmology (-mol'o-ji), n. the science 
which investigates the origin of the 
world. 

cosmopolitan (-mo-pol'i-tan), n. a 
citizen of the world. Also cosmopo- 
lite : adj. at home in any part of the 
world. 

cosmorama (-mo-rii'ma), n. an exhi- 
bition of views, &c., of various parts 
of the world realistically produced. 

cosmos (koz'mos), n. the world or 
universe as an orderly system : op- 
posed to chaos. 

Cossack (kos'ak), n. one of a war- 
like tribe of Southern Russia, skilled 
as horsemen : adj. pertaining to Cos- 
sacks. 

cost (kost), v.t. to be bought for, or 
had at, a price ; cause to bear or 
suffer : n. charge ; expense ; labor : 
pi. law charges. 

3osta (kos'ta), n. [pZ. costse ('te)], a 
rib. 

costal Ctfil), adj. pertaining to a rib. 

costate ('tat), adj. ribbed. 

costermonger ('ter-mung-ger) , n. a 
hawker of fruit, vegetables, fish, &c. 

costive Ctiv), adj. constipated. 

costume (kos'tum), n. dress in gen- 
eral ; style of dress ; a walking or 
tailor-made dress: v.t. (kos-tum'), 



to dress in, or provide with, appro- 
priate costumes. 

cosy, another form of cozy. 

cot (kot), n. a cottage; small bed. 

cotangent (ko-tan'jeut) , n. the tan- 
gent of the complement of an arc or 
angle. 

cote (kot), n. a hut; a sheepfold. 

cotemporary, cotemporaneous, &c., 
same as contemporary, &c. 

coterie (ko-te-re'), n. an association 
or set of persons united together for 
social or other intercourse ; a clique. 

coterminous. Same as contermi- 
nous. 

cotillion (-til'yun), n. a brisk, lively 
dance for eight or more persons ; 
music for such a dance ; a black and 
white woolen skirt material. Also 
cotillon. 

cottage (kot'aj), n. a small dwelling. 

cotter, cottier, cottar, abbreviations 
for cottager : n. one who dwells in a 
cottage ; one who lives rent free on 
a common ; a wedge for tightening 
machinery. 

cotton (kot'n) , n. a white, soft, 
downy substance resemblkig wool 
enveloping the seeds of the cotton- 
plant ; cotton thread or cloth : adj. 
pertaining to, or made of, cotton : 
v.i. to fit or go well together ; be very 
intimate (with). 

cotton-gin (-jin), n. a machine for 
separating the seeds from cotton 
fiber. 

couch (kouch), v.t. to place on a 
bed or other resting-place ; hide ; de- 
posit in a bed or layer ; express in 
words ; include : v.i. to lie down ; 
stoop ; depress or remove a cata- 
ract : n. a bed ; sofa ; a layer or 
stratum ; a preliminary coat of size, 
paint, &c. ; a layer of barley spread 
out for malting. 

couchant ('ant), adj. in heraldry, 
crouching or lying down. 

cougar (koo'gar), n. the puma. 

cougk (kof), v.i. to expel air from 
the lungs by a violent effort : v.t. to 
expel from the lungs (followed by 
wp) : n. an effort of the lungs, at- 
tended with noise, to expel irritating 
or foreign matter. 

could (kood), p.t. of can. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



221 



coulomb (koo-lom'), n. the electrical 
standard unit of quantity = a cur- 
rent of one ampere per second. 

coulter (kol'ter), n. a ploughshare. 

council (coun'sil,) n. an assembly of 
persons met in consultation, or to 
give advice ; a convocation ; a mu- 
nicipal body. 

councillor (-er), n. a member of a 
common council. 

councilman (-man), n. [pi. council- 
men (-men)], a member of a mu- 
nicipal council. 

counsel ( 'sel ) , n. interchange of opin- 
ion ; advice ; consultation ; deliberate 
purpose or design ; a barrister : v.t. 
ip.t. & p.p. counseled, p.pr. coun- 
seling], to give advice to; advise. 

counselor (-er), n. one v^ho gives ad- 
vice, especially legal advice ; a mem- 
ber of a council. 

count (kount), n. a title of nobility. 

count (kount), v.t. to reckon or sum 
up ; enumerate ; place to an ac- 
count ; esteem : v.i. to tell off ; mark 
time : n. the act of numbering or 
reckoning ; the total ascertained ; a 
separate and distinct charge in an 
indictment ; rhythm. 

countenance (koun'te-nans), n. the 
whole form of the face ; appearance ; 
support : v.t. to support ; encour- 
age ; favor. 

counter ('ter), n. one who, or that 
which, counts ; a shop table ; imita- 
tion money ; a counter-tenor : a 
horse's breast between the shoulders 
and under the neck ; a ship's stern 
between the water-line and the 
knuckle of the stern ; a blow given 
in parrying : v.i. to give a blow while 
receiving or parrying one. 

counter ('ter), adv. contrary; ad- 
verse ; in an opposite direction ; the 
wrong way : used in composition, as 
counter-eYidence, evidence opposing 
other evidence ; cown^er-balance, to 
weigh or act against with equal force. 

counteract (-akt'), v.t. to act in op- 
position to so as to defeat or hinder ; 
neutralize. 

counterfeit (koun'ter-fit), v.t. to 
make a copy of without authority 
for fraudulent purposes ; forge ; imi- 
tate : v.i. to carry on deception : adj. 



feigned ; spurious ; forged : n. an 
imitation ; a forgery. 

counterfeiting (-ing), n. the crime 
of making or uttering false coins 
or bank-notes. 

counterfoil (-foil), n. that part of a 
document, as a cheque, &c., retained 
by the drawer. 

counterfort (-fort), n. a buttress 
built at right angles to a wall or 
terrace ; a spur of a mountain. 

counter-light (-lit), n. a light op- 
posite any object, causing it to ap- 
pear to disadvantage. 

countermand (-mand), v.t. to re- 
voke or annul, as an order or com- 
mand ; contradict the orders of : w. a 
revocation of a former order or com- 
mand. 

countermark (-mark), n. an addi- 
tional mark placed on goods for 
greater security ; the mark of the 
Goldsmiths' Company to indicate 
the standard quality of gold or sil- 
ver : v.t. to place a countermark 
upon. 

counterpane (-pan), n. a bed cover- 
let. 

counter-parole (-pa-rol'), w. a word 
given in addition to the password. 

counterpart (-part), n. a duplicate. 

counterpoint (-point), n. the science 
of harmony. 

counterscarp (-skarp), n. the ex- 
terior slope of a ditch opposite the 
scarp. 

counter-sea (-se), n. a sea running: 
in an opposite direction to the wind. 

counterseal (-sel), v.t. to seal with 
others : n. the reverse side of a pen- 
dent seal attached to a document. 

countersign (-sin'), v.t. to authenti- 
cate by an additional signature : n. 
(koun'ter-sin) an additional signa- 
ture to a document to attest it ; a 
military watchword. 

countersink (-singk), v.t. to drill (a 
conical depression) in timber or 
metal to receive a screw or bolt so- 
that the head is flush with the sur- 
face. 

countervail (~val), v.t. to compen- 
sate ; counteract ; counterbalance. 

countess (koun'tes), n. the wife of 
an earl or count. 

counting (kount'ing), n. reckoning. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon^ 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



222 



counting-liouse (-hous), n. the 
room where accounts or mercantile 
transactions are carried on. 

country (kun'tri), n. [pi. countries 
(-triz)], a tract of land; region; 
rural parts ; one's native land : adj. 
rural ; rustic ; unpolished. 

county (koun'ti), n. [pi. counties 
Ctiz) ], a definite district of a coun- 
try separated from the rest for po- 
litical or judicial administrative pur- 
poses : adj. pertaining to a county. 

coup (koo), n. a sudden telling blow, 
a master-stroke. 

coupe (koo- pa'), n. the front com- 
partment of a French stage-coach ; 
the end of a first-class carriage. 

couple (kup'l), n. two of the same 
kind connected together ; a pair ; 
man and wife ; a pair of equal and 
parallel forces ; two dissimilar metal 
plates in contact forming a voltaic 
battery : v.t. to link or join together ; 
unite in marriage : v.i. to copulate ; 
unite. 

couplet (kup'let), n. two successive 
lines of verse which rhyme togethei*. 

coupon (koo'pon), n. sl certificate at- 
tached to transferable bonds, which 
is intended to be cut off and pre- 
sented for the payment of dividends 
when due ; a section of a ticket en- 
tilting the holder to some specified 
accommodation, &c., over a line or 
route to be traveled, or to a seat in 
a theater, &c. 

courage (kur'aj), n. fortitude; valor. 

courageous (-a'jus), adj. brave; 
bold. 

courier (koo'ri-er), n. an express 
messenger ; a traveling attendant 
who makes preliminary arrange- 
ments. 

course (kors), n. a race; a path or 
track ; career ; direction or line of 
motion ; regular sequence ; the por- 
tion of a meal served at one time ; 
conduct ; behavior ; the direction a 
ship is steered ; a continuous level 
range of brick or masonry of the 
same height ; the chase of a hare by 
greyhounds : pt. catamenia ; the sails 
set on the lower yards of a ship : 
v.t. to hunt : v.i. move swiftly ; en- 
gage in coursing. 

courser ('er), n. a swift and spirited 



horse; a war-horse; one who 
courses ; a running bird of the os- 
trich family. 

coursing ('ing), n. the sport of pur- 
suing hares with greyhounds. 

court (kort), n. an enclosed space; a 
small paved space surrounded by 
houses ; a royal palace ; the retinue 
of a sovereign ; a hall of justice ; 
the judges, &c., engaged there ; ad- 
dress ; civility ; flattery : v.t. to pay 
court to ; woo i flatter ; solicit. 

courteous (ker'te-us), adj. polite; 
obliging. 

courtesan ('te-zan), n. a prostitute. 

courtesy ('te-si), n. [pi. courtesies 
(-siz)], politeness combined with 
kindness ; civility. 

courtesy (kert'si), n. [pi. courtesies 
(-siz)], a salutation made by bend- 
ing the knees : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. cour- 
tesied, p.pr. courtesying], to make 
a courtesy. 

courtier (kort'yer), n. one who fre- 
quents or attends court ; one who 
solicits the favor of another ; one 
having courtly manners. 

courtliness ('li-nes), n. elegance of 
manners. 

courtly ('li), adj. refined; elegant. 

court-martial (miir'shal), n. [pi. 
courts-martial], a court of justice 
composed of naval or military offi- 
cers for the trial of disciplinary 
offenses. 

court-plaster ('plas-ter), n. a supe- 
rior kind of sticking-plaster, origi- 
nally used by ladies at court for or- 
namental patches on the face. 

courtsliip ('ship), n. the act of woo- 
ing. 

courtyard ('yard), n. an inclosed 
space adjoining a house. 

cousin (kuz'in), n. the son or daugh- 
ter of an uncle or aunt ; a kinsman ; 
a title of address used by a sover- 
eign to noblemen. 

cousin-german (-jer'man), n. a 
first cousin. 

cove (kov), n. a small sheltered in- 
let or creek ; a retired nook ; a hol- 
low molding ; a fellow : v.i. to arch 
over. 

covenant (kuv'e-nant), n. a written 
agreement ; deed ; bargain ; a free 
promise of God's blessing ; a solemn 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hiie, hut ; think, then. 



tJOV 



223 



agreement of fellowship and faith 
between members of a church : v.i. 
to enter into a formal agreement ; 
bind one's self by contract. 

covenanter (-er), n. one who enters 
into a covenant. 

cover (knv'er), v.t, to overspread, as 
the top of anything, with ssomething 
else : hide : save from punishment : 
shelter ; clothe : v.i. put on a head 
covering : n. that which is laid on 
something else ; a shelter ; a covert ; 
table furniture for one person : p). 
thickets, underwood, &c., concealiug 
game. 

covering (-ing), n. that which covers 
or protects ; dress. 

coverlet (-let), n. a bed quilt. 

covert (kuv'ert), adj. concealed; cov- 
ered ; disguised ; insidious ; under 
authority or protection ; said of a 
married woman : n. a place that pro- 
tects or shelters ; a thicket ; shelter 
for game. 

coverture ('er-ttir), n. a cover; shel- 
ter ; the status of a married woman. 

covet (kuv'et), v.t. to desire earnest- 
ly ; lust after : v.i. to indulge in in- 
ordinate desire. 

covetiveness ('et-iv-nes), n. ac- 
quisitiveness. 

covetous (-us), adj. inordinately de- 
sirous, especially of money ; avari- 
cious. 

covey (kuv'i)j n. a hatch or brood 
of birds, especially partridges. 

coving (kov'ing), n. the projection 
of the upper stories of a house over 
the lower. 

co-w (kou), n. [pi. cows (kouz)], the 
mature female of the genus Dos, or 
ox ; the female of various other ani- 
mals, as the whale, elephant, &c. : 
n. a wedge placed behind a crab or 
windlass to check its motion : v.t, to 
depress with fear. 

coward Curd), n. one without cour- 
age ; a dastard ; poltroon. 

cowardice (-is), n. dishonorable 
fear. 

cow-bird ('herd), n. an American 
blackbird, so called from its accom- 
panying cattle. 

cowboy ('boi), n. a boy who looks 
after cows ; a mounted employee of 



a stockman or ranchman who looks 
after the cattle while grazing. 

cow-catcber ('kacii-er), n. a wedge- 
shaped iron frame in the front of a 
locomotive to remove obstructions 
on the rails. 

cower (kou'er), v.i. to crouch or sink 
down through fear ; tremble. • 

eowberd ('herd), n. a tender of cat- 
tle. 

cowhide ('hid), n. the tanned and 
dressed skins of cows ; a stout flexi- 
ble whip made of raw hide : adj. 
made of cowhide leather : v.t. to 
chastise with a cowhide. 

cowl (koul), n. a monk's hood; a re- 
volving cover for a chimney pot. 

cowlick ('lik), n. a tuft of hair 
turned up or awry on the forehead. 

cowpox ('poks), n. a disease which 
affects the teats of cows, producing 
vesicles : from these the vaccine 
matter is obtained for inoculation 
against smallpox. 

cowrie ('ri), n. [pi. cowries (-riz)], 
a small glossy shell, used as money 
by some African tribes, and in Siam. 
Also cowry. 

cowslip ('slip), n. a species of prim- 
rose. 

coxcomb ('kom), n. something re- 
sembling a cock's comb formerly 
worn by licensed jesters ; a vain^ 
pretentious, conceited fellow ; a fop. 

coxswain (,kok'sun), n. the steers- 
man of a boat, especially in a race- 

coy (koi), adj. modest: bashful; de- 
mure. 

coyisb ('ish), adj. somewhat coy. 

coyly ('li). adv. in a coy manner. 

coyness ('nes), n. reserve; demure- 
ness. 

coyote (koi-ot'. or ko-yo'ta), n. the 
prairie-wolf: v.i. (koi-ot') to search 
for gold single-handed, and as by 
chance, 

cozen (kuz'n), v.t. to cheat. 

cozy (ko'zi), adj. warm and comforta- 
ble; snng : n. a woolen cover to keep 
a teapot warm. 

crab (krab), n. a short-tailed, stalk- 
eyed, ten-footed crustacean ; a crab- 
apple ; a sign (Cancer) in the Zo- 
diac ; a name of various mechanical 
devices or machines : ^l. the lowest 
cast at hazard : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boony 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



224 



crabbed, p.pr. crabbing], to fish for 
crabs ; to back out. 

crabbed ('ed), adj. morose; hard to 
decipher. 

crabby ('i), ddj, crabbed. 

«rack (krak), n. a chink or fissure; 
a narrow fracture ; a sharp sound ; 
a sharp resonant blow ; an altered 
tone of voice : v.t. & v.L to burst, 
break, or sever ; utter a sharp, ab- 
rupt cry ; extol ; injure ; damage 
mentally ; open a bottle : adj. of su- 
perior excellence. 

cracked (krakt), adj. split; blem- 
ished ; broken ; insane ; legally im- 
perfect. 

cracker (krak'er), n. a hard biscuit; 
a firework ; a kind of bonbon ; a lie : 
pi. an instrument for cracking nuts. 

crackle (krak'l), v.i. to make a 
slight, sharp explosive noise : v.t. 
cover with a delicate network of 
minute cracks : n. a noise of fre- 
quent and slight cracks and re- 
ports ; a surface glaze on glass or 
porcelain ; the noise made by dis- 
eased lungs in breathing. 

crackling (krak'ling), n. small ab- 
rupt cracks or reports made fre- 
quently ; the browned crisp rind of 
roast pig. 

cracknel ('nel), n. a hard fancy 
biscuit. 

cracksman ('s-man), n. [pi. cracks- 
men ('men)], a burglar. 

cradle (kra'dl), n. a baby's crib or 
little bed ; infancy ; birthplace or 
origin ; a case for a broken limb ; a 
device for rescuing shipwrecked per- 
sons ; a frame of timbers placed 
under a ship for launching it ; a 
steel tool used in engraving; a gold- 
washing machine ; a frame of wood, 
with long teeth, fastened to a 
scythe : v.t. to rock or place in a 
cradle ; nurse or train in infancy ; 
wash in a miner's cradle : v.i. to 
lie in a cradle. 
cradling ('dling), n. the open tim- 
bers or ribs of a vaulted ceiling. 
craft (kraft), n. manual skill; a 
trade ; cunning ; fraud ; a small 
trading vessel. 
craftily ('i-li), adv. cunningly. 
craftiness ('i-nes), n. cunning. 
craftsman (krafts'man), n. [pi. 



craftsmen ('men) ], a skilled artisan ; 
a member of a particular trade. 

crafty (craf'ti), adj. cunning; artful. 

crag (krag), n. a steep, rugged rock; 
shelly deposits in Pliocene strata. 

cram, (kram), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
crammed, p.pr. cramming], to stuff; 
fill beyond satiety ; tell lies to : v.i. 
qualify speedily for an examination : 
to eat greedily : n. the act of cram- 
ming physically or mentally ; has- 
tily acquired knowledge ; a lie. 

cramp (kramp), n. a rectangular 
piece of iron with a tightening 
screw at one end ; a spasmodic mus- 
cular contraction of the limbs ; a 
piece of iron bent at both ends for 
holding : v.t. to affect with muscular 
spasms ; confine ; secure with a 
cramp. 

crampit (kram'pit), n. the metal tip 
of a scabbard, or staff. 

crampoons ('poonz), n.pl. an ap- 
paratus like double calipers for rais- 
ing heavy weights. 

cranberry ('ber-ri), n. [pi. cranber- 
ries (-riz)], the marsh whortleber- 
ry, with red acid berries. 

crane (kran), n. a large wading bird 
with very long legs and neck, and a 
long straight bill ; a machine for 
raising heavy weights: v.t. to stretch 
or bend (the neck) like a crane : v.i. 
hesitate at a dangerous jump. 

cranial (kra'ni-al), adj. pertaining 
to the skull. 

craniology (-ni-ol'o-ji), n. the scien- 
tific study of skulls and their char- 
acteristics. 

cranium ('ni-um), n. [pi. crania], 
the skull. 

crank (krangk), n. a device for caus- 
ing the rotation of an axis, or for 
converting rotary into reciprocal mo- 
tion, or the contrary ; an instru- 
ment of prison discipline like a 
paddle-wheel ; an iron brace ; a 
twist or turn ; a fantastic form of 
speech ; whim ; fancy ; a crotchety 
or impracticable person, especially 
one who has a monomania : adj. lia- 
ble to lurch or capsize; opposed to 
stiff : hence shaky. 

crankiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being cranky. 

cranky ('i), adj. full of crotchets or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; booDi 
book; hue, hut; think, tMn. 



iSira 



225 



ere 



cranks ; liable to be upset ; in a 
shaky or loose condition. 

crannied (kran'id), adj. full of 
chinks. 

cranny ('ni), n. [p?. crannies ('niz)], 
a chink. 

crape (krap), n. a thin black gauze 
made of raw silk and gummed : v.t. 
to cover or drape with crape. 

crash (krash), v.t. to clash together 
with violence : v.i. to make a loud 
clattering noise : n. a loud, sudden, 
confused noise ; a coarse, heavy 
linen fabric. 

crass (kras), adj. gross; dense; ob- 
tuse. 

crate (krat), n. a wicker hamper. 

crater (kra'ter), n. the cup-shaped 
cavity of a volcano ; an ancient 
goblet. 

crannch. See crunch. 

cravat (kra-vaf), n. a neckcloth. 

crave (krav), v.t. to ask for with 
humility ; beg earnestly ; long for 
eagerly. 

craven (kra'vn), adj. cowardly; 
base : n. a coward ; recreant. 

craving ('ving), n. a strong desire. 

craiv (kraw), n. a bird's crop. 

crawfish, (kraw'fish) or crayfish 
(kra') n. the common name of a 
fresh-water lobster-like crustacean ; 
the spiny lobster. 

crawl (krawl), v.i. move slowly and 
with difficulty ; creep : n. the act of 
crawling ; a pen on the sea-coast for 
fish, turtles, &c. 

crayon (kra'un), n. a kind of chalk 
pencil ; a drawing done with cray- 
ons ; one of the carbon points of an 
arc-light : adj. drawn with crayons : 
v.t. to^ sketch out, as with a crayon. 

crayonist (-ist), n. one who draws 
or sketches with crayons. 

craze (kraz), v.i. to become dement- 
ed ; open in slight cracks : v.t. to 
produce cracks ; render insane : n. 
a passing fashion or infatuation ; 
a crack in pottery glaze. 

crazily (-li), adv. in a crazy manner. 

craziness (-nes), n. the state of be- 
ing crazy. 

crazy (kra'zi), adj. insane; dilapi- 
dated ; foolishly eager. 

crazy- work (-werk), n. patchwork 
of irregular sized pieces of silk, &c. 



creak (krek), v.i. to make a sharp, 
harsh, grating sound : n. such a 
sound. 

creaky ('i), adj. apt to creak. 

cream (krem), n. the rich, oily part 
of milk : hence the choicest part of 
anything ; a soft unctuous cosmetic : 
v.t. to skim cream from ; remove 
the best part of. 

cream of tartar (of tar'tar), n, 
purified tartar or argol. 

creamery ('er-i), n. [x)l. creameries 
(-iz)], a place where butter and 
cheese are made, or where cream, 
&c., are sold. 

cream-laid, adj. noting a paper of 
a creamy-white color, showing the 
lines of the mold impressed on it : 
opposed to cream-wove, which has 
no such lines. 

crease (kres), n. a mark made by 
folding or doubling anything ; a line 
drawn to define the limits of bowler 
and batsman : v.t. make a crease in. 

creasote. Another form of creosote. 

creatable (kre-at'a-bl), adj. that 
may be created. 

create (kre-af), v.t. to cause to come 
into existence ; form out of nothing ; 
invest with a new rank, office, or 
function : v.i. to originate. 

creatine ('a-tin), n. a white crystal- 
line substance in muscular tissue. 
Also kreatine. 

creation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
creating; the thing created; the 
universe. 

creative ('tiv), adj. constructive. 

creator ('ter), n. one who creates. 

Creator, n. the Supreme Being. 

creature (kre'ttir), n. anything cre- 
ated, especially a living being ; one 
dependent on the influence^tof anoth- 
er : adj. of, or belonging to, the body. 

crSche (krash), n. a public nursery. 

credence (kre'dens), n. belief ; trust. 

credenda (-den'da), n.pl. articles of 
faith. 

credential (-den'shal), adj. giving a 
claim or title to credit : n.pl. letters 
or certificates given to a person to 
show he has a right to confidence or 
the exercise of authority. 

credibility (kred-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being credible. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, but; think, then. 



©re 



226 



en 



credible i'i-hl) , adj. worthy of cred- 
it ; probable. 

credibly (-bli), adv. in a credible 
manner. 

credit (kred'it), v.t. to believe; 
trust ; have confidence in ; enter on 
the credit side of an account : n. 
belief ; honor ; trust reposed ; sale 
on trust ; time allowed for payment 
of goods sold. 

creditor (-er), n. one to whom an- 
other is indebted for money or 
goods. 

credulity (-du'li-ti), n. ready belief. 

credulous (kred'u-lus), adj. easily 
imposed upon. 

creed (kred), n. a brief statement of 
belief. 

creek (krek), n. a small bay; cove. 

creel (krel), n. a wicker fishing bas- 
ket ; a wickerwork cage : v.t. to put 
in a creel ; catch. 

creep (krep), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. crept, 
p.pr. creeping], to move slowly 
along the ground, as a worm or rep- 
tile ; grow along the ground, as a 
plant ; move secretly or insidiously ; 
fawn. 

creeper ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, creeps ; a plant which clings 
by rootlets or tendrils to some sup- 
port ; the name of certain birds ; a 
wingless insect ; a kind of grapnel. 

creepy ('i), adj. shivering; chilled. 

cremate (kre'mat), v.t. to reduce to 
ashes by heat, especially dead bodies. 

cremation (-ma'shun), n. the act of 
cremating. 

cremator (-ma'ter), n. a furnace for 
consuming dead bodies, refuse, &c. 

crematory ('ma-to-ri), adj. pertain- 
ing to cremation : n. [pi. crematories 
(-riz)], a place for burning the 
dead. 

crenate ('nat), adj. notched. 

crenellated (kren'el-a-ted), adj. dec- 
orated with indented moldings (cre- 
nelles). 

Creole (kre'ol), n. a native of Span- 
ish America or the West Indies, de- 
scended from European (originally 
Spanish) ancestors: adj. pertaining 
to a Creole. 

creosol ('o-sol), n. an oily liquid re- 
sembling phenol. 

creosote ('o-sot), n. a heavy oily 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl 



liquid with a smoky smell, prepared 
from wood-tar : used as an antisep- 
tic : v.t. to impregnate with creosote. 

crepitate (krep'i-tat), v.i. to make a 
slight, sharp, crackling noise. 

crepitation (-i-ta'shun), n. a low 
crackling noise. 

crepon (kre'pon), n. a thin crape- 
like material of wool, silk, or cotton. 

crept, p.t. & p.p. of creep. 

crescent (kres'ent), adj. growing: n. 
an increasing or new moon ; a figure 
like a new moon ; the Moslem pow- 
er : v.t. to form into a crescent. 

cresol (kre'sol), n. a phenol obtained 
from coal- and wood-tar. 

cress (kres), n. a name for various 
cruciferous plants, as the water- 
cress. 

cresset ('et), n. a light set on a 
beacon ; an open frame of iron con- 
taining fire, used as a torch ; a 
cooper's implement. 

crest (krest), n. a plume of feathers 
on the head of a bird, helmet, &c. ; 
the ridge of a wave ; summit of a 
hill ; courage ; pride ; spirit : v.t. to 
furnish or adorn with a crest ; mark 
with lines or streaks : v.i. to take 
the form of a crest or ridge. 

crestfallen ('fawl-n), adj. dejected. 

cretaceous (kre-ta'shus), adj. com- 
posed of, or like, chalk ; chalky. 

cretonne (kre-ton'), n. an unglazed 
cotton fabric printed on one side. 

crevasse (krev-as'), n. a deep fissure 
in a glacier ice ; a breach in a levee 
or embankment of a river. 

crevice (krev'is), n. a crack; fissure. 

crew, p.t. of crow. 

crew (kroo), n. a ship or boat's com- 
pany ; a crowd or company of peo- 
ple. 

crewel ('el), n. fine twisted worsted, 
&c., used in fancy work. 

crib (krib), n. a rack or manger; a 
stall for horses or cattle; a child's 
bed; a small lodging; a situation; 
a petty theft; a plagiarism; a lit- 
eral translation : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
cribbed, p.pr. cribbing], to confine; 
steal ; plagiarize : v.i. make notes 
for dishonest use in an examination. 

cribbage ('aj), n. a card game. 

crick (krik), n. a painful stiffness of 



me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



cri 



227 



the muscles of the neck, or local 
spasm. 

cricket ('et), n. the well-known game 
played with wickets, bats, and a 
ball, by eleven players on each side ; 
a chirping insect. 

cricketings (-ingz), n.pl. a kind of 
fine twilled flannel. 

crier (kri'er), n. one' who makes a 
public proclamation. 

crime (krim), n. a violation of the 
law ; an offense against morality or 
the public welfare ; wrong-doing. 

criminal ('i-nal), adj. pertaining to 
crime : n. one guilty of a crime. 

criminality ('i-ti), n. guilt. 

criminate ('i-nat), v.t. to accuse, 
or declare guilty, of crime ; involve 
in a crime. 

crimination (-i-na'shun), n. accusa- 
tion. 

criminology (-i-nol'o-ji), w. the sci- 
entific investigation of crimes and 
criminals. 

crimp (krimp), v.t. to bend or twist 
in regular undulations ; to cause to 
contract, as the flesh of live fish ; 
decoy for enlistment : n. formerly 
one who entrapped men for the En- 
glish navy or army, or the merchant 
service ; one who keeps a low lodg- 
ing-house for seamen. 

crimson (krim'zn), n. a deep red 
color inclining to purple : adj. crim- 
son-colored : v.t. to dye with crim- 
son : v.i. to blush. 

cringe (krinj), v.i. to bend or crouch 
from, fear or with servility : n. a 
servile bow. 

crinkle (kring'kl), v.t. to wrinkle; 
corrugate : v.i. to be corrugated or 
crimped : n. a wrinkle ; bend. 

crinoline (krin'o-lin), n. a hoop- 
skirt ; a stiff fabric for stiffening a 
garment. 

cripple (krip'l), v.t. to deprive of the 
use of a limb ; disable : n. one who 
is lame. 

crippling ('ling), n. spars or tim- 
bers used to support the sides of a 
building. 

crisis (kri'sis), n. [pi. crises (-sez)], 
a turning point ; a critical turn in 
a disease ; emergency ; conjuncture. 

crisp (krisp), adj. wavy; curled; 
brittle ; cheerful ; terse ; sparkling : 



v.t. to curl ; ripple : v.i. to form 
little curls ; become friable. 

crispate ('at), adj. curled. 

Crispin ('in), n. a shoemaker: in 
allusion to St. Crispin, the patron 
saint of shoemakers. 

criss-cross ('kros), n. an intersec- 
tion ; a child's game played with 
O's and X's : adj. going backwards 
and forwards. 

criterion (kri-te'ri-on), n. [pi. cri- 
teria (-a)], a standard, law, or 
rule by which a correct judgment 
can be formed. 

crith (krith), n. a unit of mass, 
used for gases = 1 liter of hydro- 
gen. . 

critic (krit'ik), n. one skilled in criti- 
cism ; one who judges captiously. 

critical (-al), adj. nicely exact; 
skilled in criticism ; censorious ; 
pertaining to the turning point of a 
disease. 

critically (-li), adv. in a critical 
manner. 

criticise ('i-siz), v.t. to examine or 
judge as a critic ; censure : v i. to 
review. 

criticism ('i-sizm), n. the art of 
jvidging and defining the merits of a 
literary or artistic work ; censure. 

critique (kri-tek'), n. a careful an- 
alysis of a literary or artistic pro- 
duction. 

croak (kr5k), v.i. to make a sound 
like a raven, &c. ; grumble : n. the 
low, hoarse sound of the raven or 
frog. 

crochet (kro-sha'), n. a kind of knit- 
ting with a hooked needle, in cot- 
ton, wool, &c. : v.t. to work in cro- 
chet. 

crock (krok), n. soot on a kettle, 
&c. ; an earthenware pot or vessel : 
v.t. to blacken with soot ; smudge. 

crockery ('er-i), n. earthenware. 

crocket ('et), n. an ornament era- 
ployed to decorate the angles of 
spires, canopies, &c. ; one of the 
ends of a stag's horn. 

crocodile ('o-dil, or -dll), n. a large 
lizard-like amphibian reptile, with 
hard square scales on its back and 
tail. 

crocus (kro'kus), n, a genus of irida- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



cro 



228 



cro 



ceous plants, from one species of 
which saffron is obtained. 

croft (kroft), n. a small farm, or in- 
closed field. 

crofter ('er), n. a small farmer of 
Western Scotland, who rents and 
tills a small farm. 

cromlech (krom'lek), n. an ancient 
monument of rough stones with one 
hue:e flat stone resting horizontally 
upon others. 

crone (kron), n. an old woman. 

crony ('ni), n. [pi. cronies ('niz)], 
a familiar friend. 

crook (krook), n. a bend; a shep- 
herd's hooked staff ; a bishop's staff ; 
a swindler : v.t. to bend : v.i. to be 
bent. 

croon (kroon), v.i. to utter a hollow 
continued moan ; sing in a soft, 
plaintive tone. 

crop (krop), n. the produce of the 
ground, as corn, &c. ; a bird's craw ; 
a stout hunting whip ; hair cut 
close or short : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
cropped, cropt, p.pr. cropping], to 
cut off the tops or ends of anything ; 
reap ; mow ; cause to bear a crop : 
v.i. appear unexpectedly ; to sprout. 

cropping-out (-out), n. the appear- 
ance at the surface of a lode of 
metal, or seam of coal. 

croquet (kro-ka'), n. a lawn game 
played with mallets, balls, and 
hoops : v.t. to drive away, as an op- 
ponent's ball after placing one's own 
in contact with it. 

croquette (-kef), n. ball of mince- 
meat, fish, or fowl, seasoned and 
fried brown. 

crosier (kro'zher), n. a bishop's staff. 

cross (kros), n. a gibbet of wood 
formed of an upright and a cross 
piece, used in the punishment of 
crucifixion : now the emblem of the 
Christian faith ; a device resembling 
a cross ; a mark made on a docu- 
ment by those who cannot write ; a 
trial of patience ; an animal of a 
cross-breed : v.t. to put, or draw, 
across ; cancel ; pass ; thwart ; ob- 
struct ; make the sign of a cross 
upon ; to cause to interbreed : v.i. to 
be athwart ; be inconsistent ; inter- 
breed : adj. falling athwart ; not 



parallel ; fretful ; perverse ; untrac- 
table. 

cross-bill ('bil), n. a bill brought by 
a defendant against a plaintiff pray- 
ing for relief ; a bird with a cross- 
shaped bill. 

crossbow ('bo), n. a shooting weap- 
on, having a bow across the stock. 

cross-breed ' ('bred), n. an animal 
produced by a male and female of 
different varieties. 

cross-examination ( -eg-zam-i-na'- 
shun), n. the questioning of a wit- 
ness by his own, or the opposing, 
counsel. 

cross-grained ('grand), adj. with 
an irregular grain or fiber ; con- 
trary or awkward in temper. 

crossing ('ing), n. the action of the 
verb to cross ; a path across ; inter- 
section ; opposition. 

cross-jack (kro'jak), n. the lower 
yard on the mizzen-mast. 

crossly ('li), adj. athwart; peevish- 
ly. 

cross-purpose ('per-pus), n. a con- 
trary purpose : pi. a game of ques- 
tions and answers. 

cross-question (-kwes'chun), v.t. 
to cross-examine. 

cross-sea ('se), n. a chopping sea, 
in which the water runs in different 
directions. 

cross-stitck ('stich), n. a stitch 
formed of two stitches of the same 
length, the one crossing the other. 

cross-tie ('tl), n. a railroad sleeper. 

cross-trees ('trez), n.pl. short pieces 
of timber at the upper ends of the 
lower and top masts, to support the 
rigging. 

cross-wind ('wind), n. a side, or un- 
favorable, wind. 

cross-wise ('wiz), adv. across; cross- 
shaped, 

crotch (kroch), n. a hook or fork. 

crotchet ('et), n. a musical note = 
l-4th a semibreve ; a bracket ; a 
whim or fancy. 

crotchety ('et-i), adj. whimsical; 
odd. 

croton-bug (kro'tun-bug), w. a small 
active winged cockroach. 

croton-oil (-oil), n. a viscid vege- 
table oil expressed from the seeds 
of a tropical plant. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



229 



crtt 



croucli (krouch), v.i. to stoop low: 

cringe. 
croup (kroop), n. the rump or but- 
tocks of certain animals ; the place 
behind the saddle ; inflammation of 
the trachea and larynx, with a 
hoarse cough and difficult breath- 
ing. 

croupier ('pi-er), n. one who pre- 
sides at a gaming table and collects 
or pays out the money won or lost ; 
a vice-chairman. 

croupy Cj), adj. affected with croup. 

crow (kro), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. crowed, 
crew, p.pr. crowing], to make a 
shrill sound like a cock ; boast in 
triumph ; utter a cry of pleasure : 
n. the cry of a cock ; a general name 
for birds of the genus Corvus, us- 
ually black, and with a strong con- 
ical bill. 

crowbar ('bar), n. an iron lever. 

crowd (kroud), n. sl number of per- 
sons or things collected closely to- 
gether ; the populace : v.t. to press 
closely together ; fill to excess ; im- 
portune, as for a debt : v.i. to press 
in numbers. 

crown (kroun), n. a royal head-dress 
worn as the insignia of sovereignty ; 
regal power ; a wreath ; the top ; an 
English silver coin (5s) ; the cor- 
ona of a flower ; the upper part of a 
tooth ; a size of printing paper ( 15 
X 20 in.) : v.t. to invest with a 
crown ; adorn or dignify ; complete ; 
reward. 

crown-glass ('glas), n. finest win- 
dow-glass. 

crow's-foot (kroz'foot), n. the ra- 
nunculus ; a caltrop ; an arrange- 
ment of cords to suspend an awning : 
pi. wrinkles under the eyes. 

crow's-nest ('z-nest), n. sl look-out, 
or watch-tower, on the main-top- 
mast crosstrees of a whaling vessel. 

croy (kroi), n. marsh land; an in- 
closure for taking fish. 

crucial ( kroo'shial ) , adj. cruciform ; 
intersecting ; severe ; searching. 

crucible ('si-bl), n. sl melting-pot. 

crucifier ('si-fi-er), n. one who cru- 
cifies. 

crucifix ("si-fiks), n. [pi. crucifixes 
(-ez)], a cross with the sculptured 
figure of Christ. 



crucifixion (-si-fik'shun), n. the act 
of crucifying, especially the cruci- 
fixion of Christ upon the cross ; 
great mental trial, or suffering. 
cruciform ('si-form), n. cross- 
shaped. 
crucify ('si-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. cru- 
cified, p.pr. crucifying], to put to 
death by nailing the hands and feet 
to a cross ; torture ; destroy the 
power of (Gal. v. 24). 
crude (krood), adj. in a natural 
state ; unripe ; raw ; immature ; un- 
cultured ; harsh in color. 
crudely ('li), adv. in a crude man- 
ner. 
crudeness ('nes), n. the quality of 

being crude. 
crudity ('i-ti), n. [pi. crudities 
(-tiz)], the state or condition of 
being crude. 
cruel (kroo'el), adj. disposed to give 
pain to others ; merciless ; hard- 
hearted ; fierce ; painful ; unrelent- 
ing : adv. very. 
cruelly (-li), adv. in a cruel manner. 
cruelty ('ei-ti), n. [pi. cruelties 

(-tiz)], inhumanity; savageness. 
cruet ('et), n. a small glass vial. 
cruise. Same as cruse. 
cruise (krooz), v.t. to sail to and fro; 
wander about : n. a voyage from 
place to place for warlike purposes, 
or for pleasure. 
cruiser ('er), n. a person, or ship, 

that cruises ; fast warship. 
crumb ( krum ) , n. the soft inner part 
of bread ; a fragment of bread ; a 
little piece : v.t. to dress with 
crumbs. 
crumble ('bl), v.t. to break into 
crumbs ; cause to fall into pieces : 
v.i. to disappear gradually. 
crummy ('i), adj. having crumbs; 

soft. 
crumpet ('pet), n. a soft tea-cake. 
crumple ('pi), v.t. to press into 
wrinkles ; rumple : v.i. to become 
rumpled. 
crunch (krunch), v.t. to crush with 
the teeth : grind violently : v.i. to 
chew audibly : n. the act of crunch- 
ing. 
crupper (krup'er), n. the buttocks of 
a horse ; the looped leather band 



ate, arm, a: 



:, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



230 



cnb 



passing round a horse's tail : v.t. 
to put a crupper on. 

©rural (kroo'ral), adj. pertaining to 
the leg or thigh ; leg-shaped. 

crusade (kroo-sad'), n. sl mediaeval 
military expedition under the ban- 
ner of the cross by any one of the 
Christian powers to recover the 
Holy Land ; vigorous concerted ac- 
tion for the defense of some cause, 
or the advancement of some idea: 
v.i. to engage in a crusade. 

cruse (kroos), n. an earthen pot or 
dish; a small vessel for holding 
liquids. 

cruset (kroo'set), n. a goldsmith's 
crucible. 

crush (krush), v.t. to press between 
two opposite bodies ; squeeze ; break 
by pressure ; bruise ; ruin ; quell : 
v.i. to be pressed out of shape or 
into smaller compass : n. a violent 
compression or collision. 

crush-hat ('hat), n. a collapsible 
hat. 

crust (krust), n. a hard external 
coating or rind ; the exterior solid 
part of the earth's surface ; a shell 
or hard covering : v.t. to cover over 
with crust : v.i. to contract into a 
hard covering. 

Crustacea (krus'ta'shi-a), n.pl. a 
prime division of the Orthropoda, 
comprising crabs and lobsters. 

crustacean ('shi-an), adj. pertaining 
to the Crustacea : n. one of the Crus- 
tacea. 

crustaceous (-ta'shi-us), adj. shelly. 

crusty (krus'ti), adj. like a crust; 
rough in manner ; surly ; snappish. 

crutch (kruch), n. a support for 
cripples ; any mechanical device like 
a crutch ; the forked rest on a 
woman's saddle. 

cry (kri), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. cried, p.pr. 
crying)], to call aloud; proclaim; 
exclaim vehemently ; implore ; re- 
quire redress ; shed tears : v.t, to 
utter loudly and publicly in giving 
notice : n. loud or passionate utter- 
ance, especially of weeping or lam- 
entation ; an exclamation of won- 
der or triumph ; outcry ; clamor ; 
acclamation ; proclamation ; common 
report ; a pack of hounds ; a battle 
cry ; a party catchword or phrase. 



crying ('ing), p. adj. specially de- 
manding notice ; notorious ; urgent. 

cryolite ('o-lit), n. a fluoride of so- 
dium and aluminium: the source of 
aluminium. 

crypt (kript), n. a subterranean cell 
or vault, usually under a church: 
sometimes used as a chapel or 
shrine. 

cryptic ('ik), adj. hidden; secret. 

Cryptogamia (krip-to-ga'mi-a), n. 
pi. in the Linnean system, a class 
of flowerless plants, as mosses, 
ferns, &c. 

cryptogram ('to-gram), n. a writ- 
ing, or a system of writing, in 
cipher. 

cryptography (-tog'ra-fi), n. the 
art of writing in cipher or secret 
characters. 

crypton (krip'ton), n. an element of 
the atmosphere^ recently discovered. 

cryptonym ('to-nim), n. a secret 
name. 

crystal (kris'tal), n. an inorganic 
body having a definite geometrical 
form ; a glass of superior clearness ; 
anything transparent and clear : adj. 
consisting of crystal ; clear ; trans- 
parent. 

crystalline ('ta-lin), adj. pertaining 
to, or having the form of, a crystal ; 
clear ; transparent. 

crystallization (-li-za'shun), n. the 
act of crystallizing. 

crystallize ('tal-iz), v.t. to cause to 
form crystals or a crystalline struc- 
ture : v.i. to be converted into crys- 
tals ; assume a definite shape. 

crystallography (-log'ra-fi), n. the 
science of the forms and structure 
of crystals. 

cub (kub), n. the young of certain 
animals, as the fox. 

cubage (ku'baj), n. the act of de- 
termining the contents of a solid ; 
the contents so measured. 

cubby-hole (kub'i-hol), n. a snug 
place. 

cube (kub), n. a regular solid body 
with six equal square sides or faces ; 
the product obtained by multiplying 
the square of a quantity by the 
quantity itself, as 5 X 5 X 5 = 
125, cube of 5: v.t. to raise to the 
third power, or cube. 



ate, arm, 



:, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



cub 



>31 



cul 



cube root ('root), n. the first power 
of a cube, as 5 of 125. 

cubeb (ku'beb), n. the small spicy- 
berry of a species of pepper ; Java 
pepper. 

cubic ('bik), adj. having the form 
or properties of a cube. Also cubic- 
al. 

cubically (-al-li), adv. in a cubic 
manner. 

cubit ('bit), n. an ancient measure 
of about 18 inches ; the forearm 
from the elbow to the wrist. 

cubo-cube ('bo-kub), n. the square 
of the cube, or the sixth power of a 
number, as 729 = 3^ 

cucking-stool (kuk'ing-stool), n. a 
kind of chair in which disorderly 
females, scolds, &c., were placed and 
ducked. 

cuckold (kuk'old), n. the husband of 
an adulteress ; the burdock. 

cuckoo (kook'oo), n. a passerine 
bird with a dark plumage and 
curved bill : so named from its char- 
acteristic note. 

S5ucuiixber ( ku'kum-ber ) , n. sl creep- 
ing plant, the elongated fruit of 
which is used as a salad, and as a 
pickle. 

cud (kud), n. food brought from the 
first stomach of a ruminating ani- 
mal back into the mouth and chewed 
again. 

cuddle (kud'l), v.t. to embrace close- 
ly : v.i. to lie close or snug : n. a 
close embrace. 

cudgel (kuj'el), n. a short thick 
stick : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. cudgeled, 
p.pr. cudgeling], to beat with a 
cudgel. 

cue (kti), n. the tail or end of a 
thing_^ a queue ; a hint ; the last 
word of an actor's speech ; the part 
one has to play ; a number of per- 
sons waiting ranged in a line ; the 
tapering rod used in billiards. 

cuff (kuf), n. a blow; the ornamental 
fold of the sleeve of a garment at 
the wrist : v.t. to strike with the 
hand. 

cuirass (kwe-ras'), n. a breastplate. 

cuirassier (-er'), n. a cavalry soldier 
armed with a cuirass. 

cuisine (kwe-zen'), n. the kitchen of 



a hotel, &c. ; style or quality of 
cooking. 

cul-de-sac (koo'de-sak), n. [pi. culs- 
de-sac], a passage open only at one 
end ; a position in which an army 
finds itself when hemmed in and no 
exit but in front. 

culinary (kti'li-na-ri), adj. pertain- 
ing to the kitchen, or the art or pro- 
cess of cooking. 

cull (kul), v.t. to pick out; select; 
gather. 

culminate ('mi-nat), v.i. to reach 
the highest point of altitude, rank, 
power, &c. ; come to the meridian. 

culmination (-na'shun), n. the at- 
tainment of the highest point ; the 
transit of a planet through the me- 
ridian. 

culpability (-pa-bil'i-ti), n. liability 
to blame. 

culpable ('pa-bl), adj. deserving cen- 
sure ; criminal ; blameworthy. 

culpatory ('pa-to-ri), adj. censuring, 

culprit Cprit), n. one arraigned he- 
tore a judge ; one accused of a crime' 
or fault. 

cult (kult), n. a particular ritual oi^ 
system of worship ; a subject of 
special sljudy ; devoted or extrava- 
gant homage or adoration. 

cultcb (kulch), n. materials forming: 
a spawning bed for oysters ; oyster- 
spawn. 

cultivate (kul'ti-vat), v.t. to till? 
improve by care, labor, or study ; 
seek the society of. 

cultivation (-va'shun), n. the act of 
cultivating ; tillage ; culture. 

cultivator ('ti-va-ter), n. one who, 
or that which, cultivates ; a farmer ; 
an agricultural implement. 

cultural ('tur-al), adj. pertaining to 
culture. 

culture ('tur), n. tillage; the train-' 
ing or refining of the moral or in- 
tellectual faculties ; care given to , 
the growth and development of ani- 
mals and plants ; the propagation 
of bacteria for scientific study. 

culverin ('ver-in), n. a long cannon 
of the 16th century with serpent- 
shaped handles. 

culvert ('vert), n. a drain or water- 
way of masonry or brickwork under 
a road, &c. 



ate, arm, ask. 



awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut: think, then. 



232 



cumber (kum'ber), v.t. to hinder; 
embarrass ; oppress ; perplex. 

Gumbersome (-sum), adj. burden- 
some ; unwieldy. 

cumbrous ('brus), adj. troublesome; 
vexatious ; heavy ; obstructing. 

cumin (kum'in), n, a plant, with 
warm aromatic bitterish seeds. Also 
cummin. 

cumulative (kti'mu-la-tiv), adj, 
augmenting or giving force ; in- 
creasing by successive additions. 

cumulative vote (vot), n. a system 
of voting by which a voter votes for 
each candidate, or gives all his votes 
to one. 

^cumulus (kum'u-lus), n. [pi. cumuli 
(-li)], a cloud in round woolly 
masses. 

cuneate (kti'ne-at), adj. wedge- 
shaped. 

cuneiform (-i-f6rm), adj. having the 
form of a wedge : said of the wedge- 
shaped characters of the Assyrian 
and ancient Persian inscriptions. 
Also arrowhead. 

cunning (kun'ing), adj. crafty; sly; 
designing ; subtle : n. deceit ; crafti- 
ness ; the natural instinct of an 
animal. 

cup (kup), n. a small drinking ves- 
sel ; something shaped like a cup ; a 
chalice ; a piece of plate offered as 
a prize ; a vessel for drawing blood : 
pi. repeated potations : v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. cupped, p.pr. cupping], to bleed 
by means of a cupping-glass : v.i. to 
strike or indent the ground with 
a golf-club when striking the ball, 

cupboard (kub'erd), n. a closet fit- 
ted with shelves for holding cups, 
plates, &c. 

cupel (kti'pel), n. a shallow porous 
vessel in whirh gold and silver are 
refined : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. cupeled, 
p.pr. cupeling], to refine (precious 
metals) from lead in a cupel. 

cupellation (-pel-a'shun), n. the act 
of refining in a cupel. 

cupful (kup'fool), n. [pi. cupfuls 
Cfoolz)], as much as a cup will 
contain. 

cupidity (ku-pid'i-ti), n. covetous- 
ness. 

cupola Cpo-la), n. [pi. cupolas 



(-laz) ], a spherical cup-shaped roof ; 
a revolving shot-proof turret. 

cupreous ('pre-us), adj. coppery. 

cupric Cprik), adj. pertaining to cop- 
per. 

cupriferous (-prif'er-us), adj. yield- 
ing copper. 

cuprite ('prit), n. red oxide of cop- 
per. 

cupule ('pill), n. a little cup, as of 
the acorn ; a small cup-shaped 
organ. 

cur (ker), n. a mongrel dog; a surly, 
ill-bred person. 

curable (kur'a-bl), adj. remediable. 

curacy (ku'ra-si), n. the office or dis- 
trict ^of a curate. 

curari (-ra'ri), n. a black resinoua 
substance prepared from the bark 
of a South American tree, used by 
the natives for poisoning their ar- 
rows : it is a powerful anaesthetic. 

curarine ('rin), n. an alkaloid ex- 
tract of curari of a more deadly 
nature. 

curarize ('riz), v.t. to poison by cu- 
rari. 

curassoiv (-ras'o), n. a large galli- 
naceous South American bird. 

curate (ku'rat), n. a clergyman who 
assists a vicar or incumbent. 

curative ('ra-tiv), adj. pertaining to 
the cure of diseases ; promoting 
cure : n. that which cures or serves 
to cure. 

curator (-ra'ter), n. the superintend- 
ent of a museum, art gallery, &c. 

curb (kerb), v.t. restrain; keep in 
subjection ; furnish with, or as 
with, a curb : n. that which checks, 
restrains, or subdues ; a part of a 
horse's bridle ; a curbstone. 

curbing (kerb'ing), n. curbstones 
collectively ; material for curbstones. 

curbstone ('ston), n, the stone-edge 
of a path. 

curd (kerd), n. the coagulated part 
of milk, containing casein : v.t. to 
cause to curdle. 

curdiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being curdy. 

curdle (ker'dl), v.t. to thicken into 
curd : v.i. to coagulate. 

curdy ( 'di ) , adj. like, or full of, curd. 

cure (ktir), n. restoration to health; 
the act, or art, of healing ; spiritual 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; booHj 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



233 



charge ; the office of a parish priest 
or curate : v.t. to heal ; restore to 
health ; set free from ; preserve by 
salting. 
cure (ku-ra'), n. in France, a Roman 

Catholic parish priest. 
curfe-w (ker'fti), n. a bell originally 
rung at 8 p. m. as an intimation 
that fires and lights were to be ex- 
tinguished. 
curio Cri-o), n. [pi. curios (-oz)], 

bric-a-brac; a curiosity. 
curiosity (-os'i-ti), n,. [pi. curiosities' 
(-tiz) ], the quality of being curious ; 
inquisitiveness ; something strange 
or rare. 
curioso (-o'so), w. [pZ. curiosi ('si)], 

a ^virtuoso. 
curious ('ri-us), adj. desirous to see 
or know something new or strange ; 
inquisitive ; scrutinizing ; exact ; ex- 
traordinary. 
curl (kerl), n. a ringlet of hair; an 
undulation or bend ; a disease in 
fruit trees and potatoes : v.t^ to 
twist into ringlets ; crisp ; coil ; raise 
in undulations ; curve : v.i. to con- 
tract or bend into ringlets ; move 
in spirals or undulations ; become 
curled ; play at the game of curling. 
curler ('er), n. one who curls; one 

who plays at the game of curling. 
curle-w ('lu), n. migratory short- 
tailed wading bird with a long 
curved bill. • 

curling ('ling), n. a popular Scottish 
game played on the ice T^th smooth, 
flat, cheese-shaped stones, fitted with 
handles. 
curly ('li), adj. having curls; wavy. 
curmudgeon (-mud'jun), n. a grasp- 
ing, churlish fellow; a niggard. 
currant ('ant), n. a small variety of 
dried grape ; the well-known shrub 
and its berry. 
currency ('en-si), n. a continual 
passing from hand to hand ; unin- 
terrupted course ; the circulating 
monetary medium of a nation used 
by authority. 
current ('ent), adj. widely circu- 
lated ; passing from hand to hand ; 
now passing, as time ; generally ac- 
cepted or credited ; prevalent ; com- 
mon : n. a flow or passing : said of 
fluids ; body of air or water flowing 



in a certain direction ; general tend- 
ency. 
curricle ('i-kl), n. a two- wheeled 
chaise drawn by two horses abreast. 
curriculum (-ik'u-lum), n. [pi. cur- 
ricula (-la)], a course; a prescribed 
course of study in a university, 
school, &c. 
currier ('i-er), n. a leather dresser. 
currish ('ish), adj. snappish; quar- 
relsome. 

curry (kur'i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. curried, 
p.pr. currying], to dress (leather) 
after tanning; beat; flatter; dress 
or clean (a horse). 

curry (kur'i), n. [pi. curries ('iz)], 
a highly-spiced East Indian sauce ; a 
stew of rice, fowl, &c., flavored with 
curry : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. curried, p.pr. 
currying], to cook or flavor with 
curry. 

curry-comb (-kom), n. a metallic 
comb, used in grooming horses. 

curse (kers), n. an imprecation of 
evil ; that which brings or causes 
evil or trouble ; a profane oath : 
v.t. to imprecate evil upon ; cause 
evil to ; anathematize : v.i. to swear. 

cursed (ker'sed), p.adj. under a 
curse ; hateful ; unsanctified. 

cursorial (-s6'ri-al), adj. adapted 
for running or walking. 

cursorily ('so-ri-li), adv. hastily. 

cursory ('so-ri), adj. hasty; superfi- 
cial. 

curst, p.p. of curse. 

curt ( kert ) , adj. abrupt ; short. 

curtail (ker-tal'), v.t. to cut short; 
reduce. 

curtailment ('ment), n. the act of 
curtailing. 

curtain ('tin), n. a textile hanging 
screen which can be drawn up or 
set aside at pleasure ; the part of 
the rampart and parapet between 
two bastions or grates : v.t. to in- 
close in, or as with, curtains. 

curtsy (kert'si), n. [pi. curtsies 
('siz)], a salutation made by bend- 
ing the knees. Also curtsey : v.i. 
[p.t. & p.p. curtsied, p.pr. curtsy- 
ing], to make a curtsy. 

curvate (ker'vat), adj. bent; curved. 

curvation (-va'shun), n. the act of 
bending. 

curvature ('va-ttir), n. a bending. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



234 



cut 



curve (kerv), adj. bent without 
angles : n. sl bending without angles ; 
a draughtsman's instrument for 
forming curves : v.t. to bend. 
curvet (ker' or ker-vet'), n. a partic- 
ular leap of a horse; a frisk or 
bound : v.L to leap as a horse ; frisk 
or bound. 
curvilineal (-vi-lin'e-al), or curvi- 
linear (-ar), adj. consisting of, or 
bounded by, curved lines. 
curving ('ving), n. a curve; bend. 
cusliiou (koosh'un), n. a pillow or' 
soft pad for sitting or reclining upon ; 
a pillow used in lace-making ; the 
elastic rim of a billiard-table : v.t. 
to seat upon a cushion ; furnish with 
a cushion : v.i. make the cue-ball 
strike against the cushion. 
cusp (kusp), n. the horn of a cres- 
cent ; a sharp rigid point ; a spear- 
shaped architectural ornament. 
cuspidal (kus'pi-dal), adj. ending in 

a point. 
cuspidate ('pi-dat), adj. furnished 

with a sharp, spear-like point. 
cuspidor ('pi-dor), n. a spittoon. 
custard ('terd), n. a composition of 
eggs and milk, &c., baked or boiled. 
custodian (-to'di-an), n. one who 

has the care of anything. 
custody ('to-di), n. guardianship; 

imprisonment ; security. 
custom ('tum), n. frequent or habit- 
ual repetition of the same act ; es- 
tablished usage ; business support ; 
unwritten law ; duties on imported 
or exported goods : v.i. to be ac- 
customed. 
custom house (hous), n. a building 
where duties are paid on exported 
or imported goods, and vessels are 
entered and cl_eared. 
customary (-a-ri), adj. habitual; 

conventional ; common. 
customer (-er), n. a purchaser. 
cut (kut), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. cut, p.pr. 
cutting], to cleave or separate with 
a sharp instrument ; make an in- 
cision in ; divide ; trim ; castrate ; 
excavate ; intersect ; abridge ; di- 
minish ; pass deliberately without 
recognition; wound deeply; divide (a 
pack of cards) at random; strike (a 
ball ) so as to send it at right angles 
to the batsman : v.i. to make an in- 



cision ; perform the work of an 
edged instrument ; grow through the 
gums : n. an incision or wound made 
by a sharp instrument ; gash ; a 
sharp stroke ; a sarcastic remark ; 
a trench, channel, «&;c., made by dig- 
ging ; a slice ; a near passage ; a 
block on which an engraving is 
cut ; the fashion of a garment ; 
shape ; deliberate ignoring of an ac- 
quaintance ; the division of a pack 
of cards ; a particular stroke in 
cricket, and lawn tennis ; a diminu- 
tion in price below another mer- 
chant : adj. divided or separated ; 
gashed ; having the surface orna- 
mented or fashioned ; not wrought 
or hand-made. 

cut-glass (kut'glas), n. flint glass 
cut into facets or figures. 

cut-off ('of), n. a short or straight 
road ; a new shorter channel cut by 
a river across a bend ; a device for 
stopping steam from entering a cyl- 
inder. 

cut-out ('out), n. a switch-like con- 
trivance to cut off an electric light 
from the circuit. 

cut-throat ('tkrot), n. a murderer; 
ruffian. 

cutaneous (ku-ta'ne-us), adj. per- 
taining to the skin. 

cuta-way (kut'a-wa), adj. cut back 
from the waist : n. a coat, the skirts 
of which slope from the waist. 

cuteh (kuch), n. oyster-spawn; 
couch- or quick-grass ; cultch. 

cute (ktit), adj. sharp; clever. 

cuticle (kut'i-kl), n. the scarf-skin; 
the thin exterior bark of a plant. 

cutify X'i-fi), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. cuti- 
fied, p.pr. cutifying], to form, or be- 
come covered with, skin. 

cutlass ('las), n. a broad cutting 
sword. 

cutler ('ler), n. one who makes or 
sells knives or other cutting instru- 
ments. 

cutlery (-ri), n. edged or cutting in- 
struments. 

cutlet ('let), n. a slice of meat. 

cutter ('er), n. one who cuts or 
hews ; one who cuts out and shapes 
garments ; a light sledge for two 
persons ; a small fast-sailing vessel? 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boonr 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



cut 



235 



cym 



II 



with one mast sloop-rigged ; a man- 
of-war's boat, 

cutting^ ('ing), p.adj. dividing by an 
edged instrument ; deeply wounding 
the feelings ; sarcastic ; chilling ; 
sharp : n. a, piece cut off or from ; a 
slip ; an incision. 

cuttle (kut'l), n. the cuttle-fish, a 
cephalopod with an internal shell, the 
arms furnished with suckers, two 
large eyes, and an ink-bag contain- 

^ ing a dark fluid. 

cutivater ('waw-ter), n. the fore 
part of a ship's prow; the angular 
edge of the pier of a bridge. 

cutweed ('wed), n. a coarse marine 
alga. 

cutworm (Verm), n. a destructive 
larval moth. 

cyanate (si'an-at), n. a compound of 
cyanic acid with a base. 

cyaneous (-a'ne-us), adj. azure blue. 

cyanic (-an'ik), adj. pertaining to 
cyanogen. 

cyanic acid (as'id), n. a strong acid 
composed of cyanogen and oxygen. 

cyanide ('a-nid), n. a compound of 
cyanic acid with a metal. 

cyanogen (-an'o-jen), n. a colorless 
poisonous gas burning with a purple 
flame, with the odor of peach blos- 
soms. 

cyanosis (-a-no'sis), n. a condition 
of the body in which its surface be- 
comes blue, due to the insufficient 
aeration of the blood. 

cyanotype (-an'o-tip), n. a photo- 
graphic process in which the picture 
is taken in Prussian blue. 

cycle (si'kl), n. a revolution of a cer- 
tain period of time, which recurs 
again in the same order ; an imagin- 
ary circle in the heavens ; the ag- 
gregate of traditional or legendary 
matter connected with a mytholog- 
ical personage or event ; a bicycle 
or tricycle: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. cycled, 
p.pr. cycling], to occur, or recur, in 
cycles ; ride a bicycle or tricycle. 

cyclic (sik' or sik'lik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or moving in, a cycle ; belong- 
ing to the literary cycle of Greek 
poets who wrote on the Trojan war 
and its heroes. Also cyclical. 

cyclist (sik'list), n. a bicyclist. 

cycloid (si'kloid), n. a geometrical 



curve traced out by any point of a 
circle rolling along a straight line 
until it has completed a revolution. 

cyclometer (si-klom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for registering the revolu- 
tions of a wheel. 

cyclonal ('klo-nal), adj. pertaining 
to, or of the nature of, a cyclone. 
Also cyclonic. 

cyclone ('klon), n. a violent storm; 
an atmospheric movement in which 
the wind blows spirally round to- 
wards a center. 

cyclonoscope (-klo'no-skop), n. an 
apparatus for recording the mo- 
tions of atmospheric currents which 
produce cyclones. 

cyclopaedia or cyclopedia (sT-klo- 
pe'di-a), abbreviation of encyclopae- 
dia. 

Cyclopean (-klo-pe'an), adj. pertain- 
ing to the Cyclops : hence huge and 
rough ; terrific ; vast ; massive. 

cyclorama (-klo-ra'ma), n, a series 
of moving pictures extended cir- 
cularly so as to appear in natural 
perspective to the spectator standing 
in the center. 

cyclostyle ('klo-stil), n. an appara- 
tus for producing manifold copies 
by means of a small toothed wheel. 

cygnet (sig'net), n. a young swan. 

cylinder (sil'in-der), n. a long cir- 
cular body, solid or hollow, of uni- 
form diameter ; a chamber in which 
force is exerted on the piston of a 
steam engine ; the barrel of a pump ; 
a hollow roller for printing ; a roller- 
shaped stone with cuneiform in- 
scriptions. 

cylindric ('drik), adj. having the 
form, or properties, of a cylinder. 
Also cylindrical. 

cylindricity (-dris'i-ti), n. the state 
or character of being cylindrical. 

cylindroid ('in-droid), n. a solid 
body resembling a cylinder, but with 
the ends elliptical :_ adj. having the 
form of a cylindroid. 

cym"bal (sim'bal), n. one of a pair 
of circular dish-shaped brass plates, 
which when struck produce a clash- 
ing sound. 

cyme (sim), n. a convex or flattened 
flower cluster. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



cyn 



236 



cynic (sin'ik), n. a morose, surly, or 
sarcastic person ; one of a sect of 
ancient Greek philosophers. 

cynical ('i-kal), adj. like a cynic. 

cynicism ('i-sizm), n. the temper 
and practice of a cynic. 

cynosure (si'no- or sin'o-shtir), n. 
an object of general attraction. 

cypress (si'pres), n. a coniferous 
tree, the emblem of mourning : adj. 
belonging to, or made of, cypress. 

Cyprian (sip'ri-an), adj. pertaining 
to Venus : hence wanton ; lascivious. 

cyst (sist), n. a bladder; pouch, us- 
ually membranous, containing mor- 
bid matter. 

cystic (sis'tik), adj. pertaining to, or 
contained in, a cyst ; vesicular. 

cystocele ('to-sel), n. hernia oc- 
casioned by protrusion of the blad- 
der. 

cystoscopy (-to-skop'i), n. the ex- 
amination of the human bladder by 
an incandescent electric lamp. 

cystose ('tos), adj. full of cysts. 

cystotomy (-tot'6-mi), n. the open- 



ing of the human bladder for the 
extraction of stone. 

cytoblastema ( si-to-blas-te'ma ) , n. 
the protoplasm in which animal and 
vegetable cells are produced. 

cytococcus (-kok'us), n. the nucleus 
of a parent cell. 

cytode (si'tod), n. a cell. 

cytogenesis (-to-jen'e-sis), n. cell 
formation. 

Czar (zar), or Tzar (tsar), n. the 
title of the Russian Emperor. 

Czarevitch (ziir'e-vich), or Tsare- 
vitch (tzar'-), n. the eldest son of 
the Czar. Also Czarewitch, Csesare- 
witch. 

Czarevna (za-rev'na), or Tzarevna 
(tza-), n. a Russian princess (im- 
perial) : applied to the wife of the 
Czarevitch. 

Czarina (za-re'na), or Tsarina 
(tsa-), n. an empress of Russia; 
the wife of the Czar. 

CzecL. (chek), n. a member of the 
most westerly branches of the Sla 
vonic family, including Bohemians, 
Moravians, and Slovaks. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




dab (dab), v.t. \_p.t. & p.p. dabbed, 
p.pr. dabbing], to strike or touch 
lightly : n. a small soft lump ; a 
gentle blow ; a salt-water flounder ; 
an expert : pi. refuse foots : adj. 
clever ; handy. 

dabber (dab'er), n. an inking-ball 
used by printers and engravers. 

dabbing ('ing), n. the process of in- 
denting the surface of a stone by a 
pick-shaped tool, 

dabble (dab'l) , v.t. to dip slightly and 
often ; moisten ; spatter : v.i. to play 
in water ; do anything in a superfi- 
cial manner. 

dabchick ('chik), n. an unfledged 
bird ; a small grebe. 

dabster ('ster), n. an expert. 

dace (das), n. a small fresh- water fish 
resembling the roach. 

dacbsbniid (daks'hoont), n. the Ger- 
man badger-dog. 

dactyl (dak'til), n. a poetical foot 
of three syllables, one long and two 
short (" " "). 

dactylic (-til'ik), adj. pertaining to 
the dactyl. 

dactyliography (-i-og'ra-fi), the art 
of engraving on gems. 

dactylology (-ol'o-ji), n. the art of 
communicating ideas with the fin- 
gers. 

dad (dad), n. a child name for father. 
Also daddy. 

daddle (dad'l), v.t. to walk unstead- 
ily like a child ; waddle ; trifle. 

daddy-long-legs ('i-long-legs), -n. 
a name for various kinds of crane- 

fly. 

dado (da'do), n. the solid block form- 
ing the body of a pedestal ; an 
ornamental border around the lower 



part of the wall of a room, &c. : v.% 
to ornament with a dado. 

daifodil (daf'o-dil), n. the narcissus. 

daft (daft), adj. simple; silly. 

dagger (dag'er), n. a short edged 
and pointed weapon, used for stab- 
bing ; a reference mark in printing 
(t). 

dago (da'go), n. [pi. dagos ('goz)], 
a nickname for a dark-complexioned 
person, especially of Spanish, Portu- 
guese, or Italian descent ; a sailor's 
name for a person speaking Portu- 
guese or Spanish. 

daguerreotype (da-ger'o-tip), n. a 
picture produced on a silvered plate. 

dahlia (dal'ya), n. [pi. dahlias 
Cyaz)], a composite plant, with 
large bright-colored flowers. 

daily (da'li), n. [pi. dailies ('liz)], 
a newspaper or periodical published 
each week-day : adj. occurring or 
recurring each successive day ; diur- 
nal : adv. day by day. 

daintiness (-nes), n. the quality of 
being dainty. 

dainty (dan'ti), n. [pi. dainties 
Ctiz)], something choice or deli- 
cious : adj. refined as regards taste ; 
fastidious ; delicious ; elegant ; sen- 
sitive ; choice. 

dairy (da'ri), n. [pi. dairies ('riz)], 
a place where milk is kept and con- 
verted into butter and cheese, &c. ; 
the shop where dairy produce is 
sold. 

dairy-produce ('pro'dus), n. milk, 
cream, butter, cheese, eggs. 

dairying (-ing), n. the business or 
occupation of a dairy farmer. 

dais (da'is), n. a raised platform. 

daisied (da'zid), adj. full of, or 
adorned with, daisies. 



[< 



ate. arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, thQn. 



237 



dai 



238 



daiB 



daisy (da'zi), n. [pL daisies ('ziz)], 
a low composite herb witli a yellow 
disk, and white or rose-colored rays. 

dale (dal), n. a vale; glen. 

dalliance (dal'i-ans), n. the act of 
dallying. 

dally (dal'i), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. dallied, 
p.pr. dallying], to trifle away time; 
loiter; procrastinate; exchange ca- 
resses. 

daltonism ( dawl'tun-izm ) , n. color- 
blindness. 

dam (dam), n. a barrier across a 
watercourse ; any artificial contri- 
vance to stop the flow of water or a 
gas ; a female parent : said of 
beasts : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dammed, 
p.pr. damming], to confine, or raise 
the level of, by a dam ; restrain 
(usual with in or up). 

damage ('aj), n. injury or harm; 
harm willfully done to a person's 
character, person, or estate : pi. 
money recovered for loss suffered : 
v.t. to injure : v.i. to receive injury. 

damask ('ask), n. a rich silk fabric 
woven with elaborate patterns ; a 
fine twilled table-linen ; a fabric of 
silk aad wool, silk and cotton, &c., 
with a flowered or variegated de- 
sign ; Damascus steel or work ; deep 
pink : adj. pertaining to, or made of, 
damask : v.t. to work flowers upon ; 
ornament (metals) with wavy, sil- 
very devices. 

damaskeen (-as-ken'), v.t. to apply 
decorative metallic designs to (a sur- 
face of steel, &c,). 

damasse ( da-ma-sa' ) , adj. woven 
with a rich pattern to imitate dam- 
ask ; decorated with white on a 
white ground : said of porcelain. 

dame (dam), n. a title formerly used 
instead of mistress, written Mrs. ; 
the mistress of an elementary school ; 
an elderly woman. 

damn (dam), v.t. to sentence to pun- 
ishment judicially ; consign to a cer- 
tain fate ; condemn as bad or as a 
failure ; ^ to invoke a malediction 
upon : v.i. curse inwardly : n. a curse. 

damnation (-na'shun), n. the state 
of being damned ; ruination by ad- 
verse criticism ; punishment in a 
future state. 

damnatory ('na-to-ri), adj. assign- 



ing to, or containing a threat of, 
damnation. 

damned (damd), p.adj. condemned 
to perdition ; execrably bad ; used 
sometimes adverbially as an inten- 
sive [printed d — d]. 

damnify (dann'm-ti) , v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
damnified, p.pr. damnifying], to 
cause loss or damage to. 

damnum ('num), n. loss or damage 
capable of assessment by a jury. 

damosel ('o-zel), n. formerly a dam- 
sel, or the wife of a squire. 

damp ( damp ) , n. moisture ; fog ; 
humid exhalation : adj. moist ; fog- 
gy ; humid ; dejected : v.t. to mois- 
ten ; discourage ; depress ; diminish 
the vibrations of. 

damper ('er), n. something which 
depresses or discourages ; a contri- 
vance for deadening the vibrations 
of a musical instrument. 

dampness ('nes), n. humidity; 
moisture. 

damsel ('zel), n. a maiden. 

damson (dam'zn), n. a small purple 
oval-shaped plum. 

dance (dans), v.i. to move with 
measured steps or to a musical ac- 
companiment ; perform the figures 
of a dance ; move nimbly, or merri- 
ly ; exult : v>.t. to give a dancing 
motion to ; perform as a dancer : n. 
a regulated movement of the feet to 
a rhythmical musical accompani- 
ment ; a dancing party, less formal 
than a ball. 

dandelion (dan'de-li-un), n. a bien- 
nial composite plant with large yel- 
low flowers and deeply notched 
leaves. 

dander ('der), n. dandruff; anger. 

dandle (dan'dl), v.t. to move up and 
down on the knee or in the arms in 
affectionate play ; fondle. 

dandru£P ('druf), n. scurf on the 
scalp. 

dandy ('di), n. [pi. dandies ('diz)], 
a fop ; coxcomb ; something very 
neat and trim. 

dandyism (-izm), n. foppishness. 

danger ('jer), n. hazard; peril. 

dangerous (-us), adj. involving, or 
beset with, danger ; ready to do 
harm or injury ; perilous ; hazard* 
ous. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



dan 



239 



dau 



dangle (clang'gl), v.i. to hang or 
swing loosely ; follow : v.t. to cause 
to dangle. 

dank (dangk), adj. humid; damp. 

danseuse (dang-sez'), n. sl female 
professional dancer ; a ballet-dancer. 

dapper (dap'er), adj. small and ac- 
tive ; trim and neat in appearance. 

dapple (dap'l), adj. spotted; varie- 
gated : v.t. to variegate with spots. 

dare (dar), v.i. [p.t. dared, durst, p.p. 
dared, p.pr. daring], to have cour- 
age ; attempt ; venture : v.t. to defy ; 
challenge. 

dare-devil ('dev-1), acZ/. characteris- 
tic of a reckless man : n. a reckless 
fellow. 

daring (dar'ing), n. intrepidity: adj. 
fearless ; bold ; intrepid. 

dark (dark), adj. destitute of light; 
not reflecting light ; wholly black or 
grey ; producing gloom ; unenlight- 
ened, mentally or physically ; ob- 
scure ; untried ; of a brunette com- 
plexion : n. darkness. 

dark ages (a'jez), n.pl. the mediaeval 
period. 

darken ('en), v.t. to make dark; ob- 
scure ; render unintelligible : v.i. to 
become dark. 

darkening (-ing) , n. twilight ; gloam- 
ing. 

darkish ('ish), adj. somewhat dark. 

darkling ('ling), adj. dimly seen. 

darkly ('li), adv. with imperfect 
light ; not clearly ; mysteriously. 

darkness ('nes), n. absence of light, 
partial or total ", physical or moral 
blindness ; obscurity ; gloom ; wick- 
edness. 

darksome ('sum), adj. gloomy. 

darky ('i), n. [pi. darkies ('iz)], a 
negro. 

darling (dilr'ling), n. a favorite; 
pet : adj. tenderly beloved ; very 
dear. 

darn (darn), v.t. to mend (a rent) 
by filling in the hole with yarn or 
thre0,d by means of a needle : n. a 
patch made by darning. 

darnel ('nel), the popular name of a 
grass, Lolium tremulentum, formerly 
supposed to be poisonous. 

dart (dart), n. a small lance or 
spear ; a kind of eel-spear ; the ar- 
row of a blow-gun ; a swift, sudden 



movement; the dace: v.t. throw; 
give out or send forth : v.i. move 
swiftly ; start suddenly and run 
quickly. 

Darwinian (dar-win'i-an), adj. per- 
taining to Chas. Darwin, the natu- 
ralist (1809-1882), or Darwinism: 
n. an evolutionist. 

Darwinism ('izm), n. the theory of 
natural selection advocated by Dar- 
win. 

dash (dash), v.t. to throw violently 
or hastily ; break by collision ; hurl ; 
shatter ; suffuse ; depress ; confuse ; 
mingle ; sketch rapidly : v.i. to rush 
with violence; fly off the surface 
with a violent noisy motion : n. a 
collision ; a slight addition ; ostenta- 
tious parade ; a mark ( — ) in writ- 
ing or printing. 

dash-board (-bord), n. a splash- 
board ; a pdddle-wheel float. 

dastard (das'tard), n. a coward: 
adj. meanly shrinking from danger ; 
cowardly. 

dastardliness (-li-nes), n. mean ti- 
midity. 

dastardly (-li), adv. cowardly. 

data, pi. of datum (q.v.). 

date (dat), n. the time of an epoch 
or transaction ; the inscription which 
specifies when a writing or inscrip- 
tion was executed ; duration ; the 
edible oval fruit of the date-palm : 
v.t. to mark with a date : v.i. to have 
a date ; reckon. 

date-tree (-tre), n. a species of 
palm. 

dative (da'tiv), adj. denoting the case 
of a noun, pronoun, or adjective 
which expresses the remoter object : 
usually indicated in English by to or 
for with the objective case : n. the 
dative case. 

datum ('tum), n. [pi. data ('ta)], 
something assumed, known, or con- 
ceded for the basis of an argument 
or inference [usually in pi.]. 

daub (dawb), v.t. to cover or smear 
with adhesive matter ; paint coarse- 
ly or unskilfully ; plaster ; flatter 
grossly : n. a coarse or rudely-exe- 
cuted painting ; a smear ; a cheap 
kind of mortar. 

daubing ('ing), n. a coarse painting; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



dau 



24€ 



dea. 



the application of rough mortar to 
a wall to imitate stone. 

dauby ('i), adj. viscous, sticky; like 
a daub. 

daughter (daw'ter), n. the female 
offspring of a man or woman ; a fe- 
male in a childlike relation ; some- 
thing conceived as feminine. 

daughter-in-laxir (-in-law), n. a 
son's wife. 

daunt (dant), v.t. to intimidate; dis- 
hearten. 

dauntless ('les)j adj. fearless. 

dauphin (daw'fin), n. the title of the 
eldest son of the King of France 
from 1349 to 1830. 

davenport (dav'en-p5rt), n. a kind 
of small writing-desk or -table. 

davit (dav'it), n. one of a pair of 
f-shaped uprights projecting over 
the side of a vessel for suspending 
or lowering a boat. 

davy (da'vi), n. [pi. davies ('viz)], a 
miner's safety-lamp surrounded by 
fine gauze wire, invented by Sir H. 
Davy, as a protection against fire- 
damp. 

Davy Jones (jonz), n. a humorous 
name for the spirit of the sea ; a sea- 
devil. 

daiv (daw), n. a bird of the crow 
family ; a jackdaw. 

daivdle (daw'dl), v.i. to waste time 
in a trifling manner ; loiter : n. a 
dawdler. 

dawn (dawn), v.i. to begin to grow 
light ; glimmer ; break as the day : n. 
the first appearance of light in the 
morning ; beginning. 

dawning ('ing), n. daybreak; begin- 
ning. 

day (da), n. the period of light be- 
tween sunrise and sunset ; daylight ; 
sunshine ; the space of twenty-four 
hours, reckoning from midnight to 
midnight (the civil day), or from 
noon to noon (the astronomical 
day) ; in the East, a distance that 
can be traveled in 24 hours ; a spec- 
ified time or period. 

daybook ('book), n. a book in which 
the transactions of the day are en- 
tered in the order of their occur- 
rence. 

daybreak ('brak), n. the dawn. 



daydream ('drem), n. a visionary 
fancy. 

days of grace (gras), n.pl. the cus- 
tomary period (three days) allowed, 
for the payment of a bill of ex- 
change after it becomes due. 

daysman (daz'man), n. [pi. daysmen 
('men)], an umpire; a mediator. 

dayspring ('spring), n. the dawn 
(Luke i. 78). 

daze (daz), v.t. to dazzle: n. the state 
of being dazed. 

dazzle (daz'l), v.t. to overpower by a 
glare of light ; dim by excess of 
light ; overpower by splendor : v.i. tO' 
be overpowered by light : n. excess, 
of light. 

deacon (de'kn), n. the lowest order 
of the clergy in the Anglican 
Church ; in non-episcopal churches^ 
a layman appointed to assist the 
minister and manage the temporal 
affairs of a church. 

dead (ded), adj. destitute of life; in- 
animate ; resembling death ; inac- 
tive ; unprofitable ; monotonous ; 
tasteless ; unerring ; without reli- 
gious vitality ; flat ; not transmitting 
a current ; deprived of civil rights ; 
out of the game or play : n. dead! 
persons individually or collectively; 
the point or degree of greatest life- 
lessness : adv. absolutely ; exactly. 

dead-beat ('bet), adj. making suc- 
cessive movements with intervals of 
rest and no recoil ; thoroughly ex- 
hausted : n. a dead-beat escapement. 

dead-center (-sen'ter), n. that posi- 
tion of a crank in which the crank- 
axle, crank-pin, and the connecting 
rod are all in a straight line. 

dead-coloring (-kul'er-ing), n. the 
first broad outlines of a picture. 

deaden (ded'n), v.t. to diminish the 
acuteness, intensity, or vigor of ; re- 
tard ; blunt ; render non-conductive ; 
make insipid or stale ; deprive of 
gloss or brilliancy; kill (trees) by 
girdling. 

deadeye (ded'i), t*. a round, flat block 
of wood encircled with an iron band 
and pierced with three holes to re- 
ceive lanyards : used for setting up 
rigging. 

deadhead ('hed), n. a person who 
has a free pass on railways or to 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




1 — 19. Examples of Modification (1 — 4: by animals of same breed and habitat, 5 — 7: Climatic M 
20 — 27. Examples of Adaptation (20 — 25, by Marine Life, 26 and 27, by Parasites.) { 




and 9: Seasonal Dimorphisn,.. 10-16: Generic Dimorphism, -17-19: Development of Hybrids). 



dea 



241 



dea 



places of amusement, &c. ; a wooden 
buoy : v.t. to furnish free admission 
to : v.i. to travel or gain admission 
without payment. 

dead letter (let'er), n. an unclaimed 
letter, the owner for which cannot 
be found ; that which has lost its 
authority. 

dead-lift ('lift), n. a heavy weight; 
the last extremity. 

dead-liglits ('lits), n.pl. strong 
wooden shutters placed over the 
cabin windows in stormy weather. 

deadliness ('li-nes), n. the state of 
being deadly. 

dead-load ('lod), n. a constant mo- 
tionless load. 

deadlock ('lok), n. a lock worked on 
one side by a handle, and on the 
other side by a key ; a situation in 
which progress is impossible. 

deadly ('li), adj. causing death; de- 
structive ; fatal ; implacable : adv, 
implacably. 

dead-neap ('nep),w. the lowest stage 
of the tide. 

deadness ('nes), n, absence of life; 
inactivity. 

dead-reckoning (-rek'un-ing) , w.the 
calculation of a ship's place at sea 
by the log and the compass courses, 
allowing for drift, leeway, &c. 

dead-set ('set), n. the fixed position 
of a dog in pointing game; a deter- 
mined effort or attack: adj. deter- 
mined to do something. 

dead-water (-waw'ter), n.the water 
that closes in under the stern of a 
ship; eddy- water. 

dead- weight ('wat), n. the weight 
of the vehicle in addition to the load 
to be carried ; freight charged for by 
weight instead of by bulk ; the heav- 
iest part of a ship's cargo. 

dead-wind ('wind), n. a wind blow- 
ing directly opposite to a ship's 
course. 

dead- work ('werk), n. work at first 
unprofitable, but which leads the 
way to profitable production, as in 
opening a mine. 

deaf (def), adj. deprived of hearing; 
unwilling to hear or pay regard to. 

deafen (def'n), v.t. to make deaf; 
render impervious to sound. 



deafening (-ing), p.adj. making im- 
pervious to sound : n. material em- 
ployed to deaden a floor or wall. 
deafness ('nes), n. the state of being 

deaf. 
deal (del), n. an indefinite quantity, 
degree, or extent ; a division of cards 
to the players ; a mercantile com- 
bination ; the wood of the fir or pine 
tree cut into boards or planks : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. dealt; p.pr. dealing], to 
distribute, apportion, or divide ; 
throw about : scatter : v.i. to have 
business; make a private arrange- 
ment. 

dealer ('er), n. one who deals; a 
trader. 

dealing ('ing), n. conduct towards 
others ; business intercourse ; traffic 
[frequently ^Z.]. 

dealt, p.t. of deal. 

dean (den), n. the presiding ecclesias- 
tical dignitary in cathedral and col- 
legiate churches ; the president of a 
faculty in a college ; the oldest mem- 
ber, by reason of service, in a consti- 
tuted body of which he acts as pres- 
ident. 

dean and chapter (chap'ter), the 
governing body of a cathedral, com- 
prising the dean, canons, or preben- 
daries. 

deanery (den'er-i), n. \_pl. deaneries 
(-iz) ], the office, jurisdiction, or res- 
idence of a dean. 

dear (der), adj. expensive; costly; 
marked by scarcity or dearth ; be- 
loved ; highly esteemed ; precious : n. 
a darling; favorite: adv. at a high 
price or rate : inter j. expressing sur- 
prise, pity, or emotion. 

dearly ('li), adv. with great affec- 
tion ; at a high price or rate. 

dearness ('nes), n. affection; high 
price ; dearth. 

dearth (derth), n. want; scarcity; 
famine. 

deary (der'i), n. a darling. Also 
dearie. 

death (deth), n. extinction of life or 
feeling ; the state of the dead ; a 
general mortality ; decay ; destruc- 
tion ; spiritual ruin after physical 
death (Rom. viii. 6). 

death-bell ('bel), n. a passing bell. 

death-point ('point), n. the degree 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, tlien. 



dea 



242 



de@ 



of heat or cold which destroys an 
animal organism^ 

death-rate ('rat), n. the percentage 
of deaths, usually reckoned at per 
thousand, among the population of 
a country, city, &c., for a given 
period, 

death's-head (s'hed), n. a skull, or 
representation of a skull, emblematic 
of death. 

death-watch ('woch), n. a vigil be- 
side the dying person ; a guard set 
over a criminal prior to his execu- 
tion ; a small beetle which makes a 
ticking sound, superstitiously sup- 
posed to forebode death. 

deathless ('les), adj. immortal. 

deathly ('li), adj. mortal; fatal. 

debacle (de-bak'l), n. the breaking 
up of ice on a river ; a stampede ; a 
violent flood carrying with it debris 
in great masses. 

debar (de-bar'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
barred, p.pr. debarring], to shut 
out ; exclude ; hinder from approach, 
enjoyment, or action ; preclude [with 
from], 

debark (de-bllrk'), v.i. to disembark. 

debarkation (-bar-ka'shun), n. the 
act of disembarking. 

debase (de-bas'), v.t. to reduce from 
a higher to a lower state ; lower in 
character, virtue, purity, or quality. 

debasement ('ment), n. act of de- 
basing. 

debatable (de-ba'ta-bl), adj. admit- 
ting of question or debate. 

debate ( de-bat'), v.t. to contend for 
in words or arguments ; meditate 
upon ; deliberate together : v.i. to ar- 
gue or discuss a point ; reflect : n. 
contention in words or argument ; 
controversy ; discussion. 

debauch (de-bawch'), v.t. to cor- 
rupt in morals or principles ; se- 
duce ; pollute ; vitiate : v.i. to engage 
in debauchery or riot : n. excess in 
eating and drinking ; lewdness. 

debanchee (deb'o-she), n. a drunk- 
ard. 

debauchery (de-baw'cher-i), n. [pi. 
debaucheries, (-iz) ], excessive intem- 
perance ; seduction from purity or 
virtue ; corruption of fidelity. 

debenture (de-ben'tur, n. a written 
acknowledgment of a debt. 



debilitant (de-bil'i-tant), adj. weak- 
ening. 

debilitate ('i-tat), v.t. to enfeeble: 
enervate. 

debilitation (-i-ta'shun), n. enerva- 
tion. 

debility (-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. debilities 
(-tiz)], abnormal functional weak- 
ness ; languor. 

debit (deb'it), n. that which is ow- 
ing, entered on the debtor side of a 
ledger : opposed to credit : adj. re- 
lating to debts : v.t. to charge with 
debt ; enter on the debtor's side of 
an account. 

debonair (deb-o-nar'), adj. of gentle 
manners or breeding ; elegant. 

debouch (de-boosh'), v.i. to march 
out of a confined space into open 
ground. 

debouche (da-boo-sha'), an opening; 
a market for goods ; an opening in 
military works for troops. 

debris (da-bre'), n. fragments; bro- 
ken rubbish ; loose pieces of rock, 
&c., at the base of a mountain. 

debt (det) n. that which is due from 
one person to another ; obligation ; 
trespass. 

debtor ('er), n, one who owes some- 
thing to another ; one who is in debt. 

debut (da-boo'), n. a first appearance 
in society, or before the public. 

debutant (-boo-tang'), n. one who 
makes a debut : fern, debutante. 

decade (dek'ad), n. a group of ten; 
ten consecutive years. Also decad. 

decadence (de-ka'dens), n. a state of 
decay. Also decadency. 

decadent ('dent), adj. deteriorating. 

decagon (dek'a-gon), n. plain figure 
having ten sides and ten angles. 

decagonal (-ag'o-nal), adj. pertain- 
ing to a decagon. 

decagramme ('a-gram), n. sl weight 
of ten grammes. Also decagram. 

decahedron (-he'dron), n. [pi. deca- 
hedra ('dra)], a solid bounded by 
ten plane faces. 

decaliter ('a-le-tr), n. a measure of 
capacity containing 10 liters := 2 
1-5 imperial gallons. 

decalogue ('a-log), n. the ten com* 
mandments (Ex. xx.) ; the moral 
law. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



dec 



243 



dec 



decameter ('a-me-tr), n. a measure 
of length of 10 meters = 32.8 feet. 

decamp (de-kamp'), v.i. to depart 
speedily ; go away secretly or un- 
ceremoniously. 

decant (de-kanf), v.t. to pour off 
gently. 

decanter ('er), n. an ornamental 
glass bottle for holding wines, &c. 

decapitate (de-kap'i-tat), v.t. to be- 
head. 

decapitation (-i-ta'shun), n. behead- 
ing. 

decapod (dek'a-pod), adj. having ten 
feet or ten arms : n. a ten-footed 
crustacean, or ten-armed cephalopod. 

Decapoda (de-kap'o-da), n.pl. the or- 
der of Crustacea which includes 
those having ten feet, as lobsters, 
crabs, shrimps, &c., and cephalopods 
with ten arms. 

decarbonate (de-kar'bon-at), v.t. to 
deprive of carbon. Also decarbon- 
ize (-ize). 

decare (dek-ar'), a superficial meas- 
ure of 1,000 sq. meters = % acre 
(nearly). 

decastere ('a-ster), n. a solid meas- 
ure, ten times a cubic meter = 13 
cubic yards (nearly). 

decay (de-ka'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
cayed, p.pr. decaying], to become 
impaired ; rot ; decline or fall : n. 
deterioration ; decline ; rottenness ; 
corruption. 

decease (de-ses'), v.i. to die: n. 
death. 

deceit ( de-set'), n. deception; false- 
hood. 

deceitful ('fool), adj. full of deceit. 

deceitfully (-li), adv. in a deceitful 
manner. 

deceitfulness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being deceitful. 

deceivable (-sev'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being, or liable to be, deceived. 

deceive (-sev'). v.t. to mislead or 
cause to err ; delude ; impose upon ; 
disappoint. 

December (de-sem'ber) ,w.the twelfth 
month of the year. 

decemvir ('ver), n. [pi. decemvjri 
('vi-ri)], one of ten Roman magis- 
trates, especially one of those who 
possessed absolute authority in an- 



cient Rome (451-449 b. c), and ed- 
ited the laws known as the Twelve 
Tables. 

decemviral ('vi-ral), adj. pertaining 
to the decemviri_. 

decemvirate (-rat), n. a body of ten 
men in authority ; their office, or 
term of office. 

decency (de'sen-si), n. [pi. decencies 
(-siz) ], the state of being decent, or 
modest. 

decennial ('i-al), adj. lasting for or 
occurring every ten years. 

decent ('sent), adj. decorous; becom- 
ing ; respectable ; modest ; passable. 

deception (-sep'shun), n. the act of 
deceiving ; the state of being de- 
ceived ; fraud. 

deceptive ('tiv), adj. tending to de- 
ceive. 

deciare (des-i-ar'), n. a unit of super- 
ficial measurement, the tenth part 
of an are, = 107.6 square feet. 

decidable (de-sid'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being decided. 

decide (de-sid'), v.t. to bring to an 
issue or conclusion ; fix the end of ; 
resolve : v.i. to give a judgment or 
decision ; arbitrate. 

decided ('ed), adj. free from ambi- 
guity ; determined ; unquestionable ; 
resolute. 

deciduous (-sid'ti-us), adj. falling off 
at maturity, or in season ; shed peri- 
odically. 

decigramme (des'i-gram), n. a met- 
ric weight, 1-lOth of a gramme — 
1.54 grains troy (nearly). Also 
decigram. 

deciliter ('i-le-tr), n. a measure of 
capacity, 1-lOth of a liter = 3.52 
fluid ounces. 

decillion (de-sil'yun), n. in France 
and the United States a unit fol- 
lowed by 33 ciphers ; in England a 
unit followed by 60 ciphers. 

decilux (des'i-luks), n. 1-lOth of a 
lux. 

decimal ('i-mjil), adj. pertaining to, 
or based upon, the number 10 : n. a 
decimal fraction. 

decimal place (plas), n. the place of 
a figure after the decimal point. 

decimal point (point), n. a dot sep- 
arating a decimal fraction from a 
whole number, also indicating when 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



dec 



244 



dec 



standing alone its fractional charac- 
ter. 

decimal system (sis'tem), n. a sys- 
tem of reckoning or measuring by 
10, or powers of 10. 

decimally (-li), adv. by tens. 

decimate (des'i-mat), v.t. to select 
by lot and put to death, or punish, 
every tenth man ; destroy a large 
proportion of. 

decimation (-ma'shun), n. the act 
of decimating ; destruction on a large 
scale. 

decimeter ('i-me-tr), n. a measure 
of length, 1-lOth of a meter = 3.937 
inches. 

decipher (de-sl'fer), -y.^. to read (se- 
cret writing) ; discover or make out 
the meaning of ; solve ; unravel. 

decision (-sizh'un), n. the act of de- 
ciding ; determination ; judgment ; 
settlement. 

decisive (-si'siv), adj. final; conclu- 
sive. 

decistere (des-i-star'). n. a cubic 
measure, 1-lOth of a stere = 3.532 
cubic feet. 

deck (dek), v.t. to array in finery or 
ornaments ; adorn ; to furnish with 
a deck : n. the plank flooring of a 
ship. 

decker ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, decks ; a ship having decks. 

deckle-edged (dek'1-ejd), adj. hav- 
ing the edges rough and uncut ; said 
of books. 

declaim (de-klam'), v.t. to speak in 
a^ rhetorical style ; speak as an exer- 
cise in elocution ; harangue. 

declamation (dek-la-ma'shun) , n. the 
art of declaiming according to rhe- 
torical rules ; impassioned oratory ; 
distinct and correct enunciation of 
words in vocal music. 

declamatory (de-klam'a-to-ri), adj. 
pertaining to, or characterized by, 
reclamation ; noisy in style ; appeal- 
ing to the passions. 

declaration (dek-la-ra'shun), n. the 
act of declaring or proclaiming ; that 
which is declared ; an assertion : 
publication; a statement reduced to 
writing. 

declarative (de-klar'a-tiv), adj. ex- 
planatory. 



declaratory ('a-to-ri), adj. affirma- 
tive. 

declare (de-klar'), v.t. to make 
known ; tell openly or publicly ; pro- 
claim formally ; publish ; make a sol- 
emn affirmation before witnesses ; 
make a full statement as to goods, 
&c. : v.i. to make a declaration ; 
avow [with for or against]. 

declension (-klen'shun), n. decline; 
a falling off, or away ; deterioration ; 
the inflection of nouns, pronouns, 
and adjectives. 

declinable (-klin'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being declined. 

declinal ('al), adj. sloping down- 
wards. 

declinate (dek'li-nat), adj. curved 
downwards. 

declination (dek-li-na'shun), n. the 
act or state of bending, or moving, 
downwards ; oblique variation from 
some definite direction ; deteriora- 
tion ; decay ; the angular distance of 
a heavenly body N. or S. of the 
equator ; non-acceptance. 

declinator ('li-na-ter), n. an instru- 
ment for determinating the declina- 
tion and inclination of a plane. 

decline (de-klin'), v.i. to incline from 
a right line ; bend or lean down- 
wards ; droop ; draw to a close ; be- 
come weak ; deviate from rectitude : 
v.t. to refuse ; bend downwards ; de- 
press ; inflect : n. diminution ; de- 
cay ; deterioration ; consumption. 

declinograph ('o-graf), n. an auto- 
matic registering instrument for re- 
cording astronomical declinations. 

declinometer (dek-li-nom'e-ter), n. 
an instrument for measuring the 
declination of the magnetic needle. 

declivitous (de-kliv'i-tus), adj. mod- 
erately steep. 

declivity (-kliv'i-ti), n. [pi. declivi-j[ 
ties (-tiz)], a gradual descent; de-'j 
viation from a horizontal line : op- 
posed to acclivity. 

decoct (de-kokf), v.t. the act of boil- 
ing anything to extract its essence. 

decoction (-kok'shun), n. an extract 
obtained by boiling or digesting in 
hot water. 

decollate (-kol'at), i^.t. to behead. 

decollation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
beheading. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



dec 



245 



deo 



decollete (da-kol-e-ta'), adj. cut low 
in the neck so as to expose the neck 
and shoulders : said of a dress. De- 
colletee, fern, wearing a low-necked 
dress. 

decoxaposable ( de-com-poz'a-bl ) , adj. 
capable of being decomposed. 

decompose (de-kom-poz'), v.t. to re- 
solve into constituent elements ; 
cause to decay or rot : v.i. to become 

(decomposed ; putrefy. 
decomposite (-poz'it), adj. com- 
pounded a second time. 
decomposition (-po-zish'un), n. the 
act of resolving into constituent ele- 
ments ; analysis ; disintegration. 
decom.pouiid (-pound'), v.t. to com- 
pound things already compounded : 
adj. compounded more than once. 
decorate (dek'o-rat), v.t. to orna- 
ment, embellish, adorn, or beautify ; 
confer a badge of honor upon ; grace. 
decoration (-ra'shun), n. the art of 
decorating ; an ornament or embel- 
lishment ; a badge of honor. 
Decoration Day (da), n. the day 

I (May 30) on which the graves of 
those who fell in the Civil War 
(1861-65) are decorated. Also Me- 
morial Day. 

decorative ('o-ra-tiv), adj. tending 
to decoration. 

decorator (-ter), n. one who deco- 
rates ; an artist or artisan who deco- 
rates rooms, &c. 

decorous (de-ko' or dek'er-us), adj. 
marked by propriety ; decent ; fit ; 
proper. 

decorticate (de-kor'ti-kat), v.t. to 
remove the bark, husk, or peel from. 

decorum (de-ko'rum), n. propriety 
and decency of words, dress, and 
conduct. 

decostate (-kos'tat), adj. without 
ribs. 

decoy (de-koi'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
coyed, p.pr. decoying], to lead or al- 
lure into danger by artifice : v.i. to 
be allured by means of a decoy : n. 
a deceptive stratagem ; a lure ; a 
piece of enclosed water into which 
wild fowl are decoyed. 

decoy-duck (-duk), n. a tame, or 
imitation, duck used to allure wild 
fowl : hence a person who entraps 
others. 



decrease (de-kres'), v.i. to become 
less ; diminish ; abate ; wane ; fail : 
v.t. to cause to grow less ; reduce 
gradually in size or extent ; dwindle : 
n. gradual diminution, or decay ; the 
amount or degree of lessening ; the 
wane of the moon. 

decree (de-kre'), n. an ordinance, 
law, or edict ; a judicial decision ; 
the award of an umpire or arbitra- 
tor ; the predetermined purpose of 
God : v.t. to determine by a decree ; 
ordain ; constit^ite by edict ; assign : 
v.i. to make a decree ; determine. 

decrement (dek're-ment), n. diminu- 
tion. 

decrepit (de-krep'it), adj. enfeebled 
by age, or infirmity ; wasted ; worn 
out. 

decrepitate ('i-tat), v.t. to calcine 
(as salt) in a strong heat, causing a 
crackling sound. _ 

decrepitude ('i-tud), n. physical in- 
firmity caused by old age. 

decrescent (-kres'ent), adj. growing 
less. 

decretal (-kre'tal), n. a papal de- 
cree ; a book of edicts. 

decretive ('tiv), adj. having the au- 
thority of a decree. 

decretory (dek're-to-ri), adj. judi- 
cial ; settled. 

decrial (de-kri'al), n. clamorous cen- 
sure. 

decrier ('er), n. one who censures. 

decry (de-kri'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. de« 
cried, p.pr. decrying], to blame clam- 
orously ; cry down ; censure ; dispar- 
age. 

decumbent (-kum'bent), adj. lying 
down ; prostrate ; reclining. 

decuple (dek'u-pl), adj. tenfold: n. a 
number repeated 10 times : v.t. in- 
- crease tenfold. 

decurrent (-kur'ent), adj. running, 
or extending, downw^ard : said of a 
plant. 

decursive ('siv), adj. running down. 

decussate (-kus'at), v.i. to intersect 
or cross at an acute angle : adj. in- 
tersected. 

dedicate (ded'i-kat), v.t. to set apart 
by a solemn act or religious cere- 
mony ; devote or set apart to some 
work or duty ; inscribe, as a literary 
work. 



ate, iirm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue. but: think, ///en. 



ded 



246 



del 



dedication (-i-ka'shun), n. the act 
of dedicating; an inscription or ad- 
dress. 

dedicator ('i-ka-ter), n. one who 
dedicates. 

dedicatory (-to-ri), adj. pertaining 
to composing, or constituting, a ded- 
ication. 

deduce (de-dus'), v.t. to gather by 
reasoning ; infer ; derive [with from 
or out of]. 

deduct (de-dukt'), v.t. to take away. 

deduction (-duk'shun), n. the act or 
process of deducting ; subtraction. 

deductive ('tiv), adj. pertaining to 
deduction. 

deductively (-li), adv. by deduction. 

deed (ded), n. that which is done by 
a responsible agent ; an act ; an ^il- 
lustrious achievement ; a written in- 
strument for the transfer of real es- 
tate : v.t. convey by deed. 

deem (dem), v.t. to think ; determine : 
v.i. to have, or be of, an opinion ; 
judge. 

deemster (dem'ster), n. a judge or 
umpire : the title of either of the 
two chief judges of the Isle of Man. 
Also dempster. 

deep (dep), adj. extending far below 
the surface ; low in situation ; pen- 
etrating ; sagacious ; profound ; dif- 
ficult to understand ; absorbed ; 
grave in tone, or low in pitch ; 
strongly colored : n. that which is of 
great depth ; a great body of water. 

deepen ('en), v.t. to make deep or 
deeper ; make darker ; make sad ; 
cloud : v.i. to become deep or deeper. 

deep-laid ('lad), adj. well-concerted. 

deepness ('nes), n. depth; profun- 
dity. 

deep-sea ('se), adj. pertaining to the 
open sea, or deeper parts of the 
ocean. 

deer (der), n. sing. 8c pi. b. general 
name for solid-horned ruminants of 
the genus Cervus. 

deerliound ('hound), n. a staghound. 

deer-lick ('lik), a spot of salt 
ground, resorted to by deer to lick 
the earth. 

deer-stalking ('stawk-ing), n. the 
hunting of deer by stealing upon 
them unawares. 

deface (de-fas'), v.t. to mar or de- 



stroy the surface of ; disfigure ; im- 
pair the legibility of ; injure ; spoil. 

defacement ('ment), n. the act of 
defacing ; the condition of being de- 
faced ; injury. 

defalcation (-fal-ka'shun), n. a def- 
icit of funds through a breach of 
trust ; embezzlement ; diminution. 

defalcator (def'al-ka-ter), n. an em- 
bezzler. 

defamation (def-a-ma'shun), n. the 
act of injuring one's good name or 
reputation without justification, 
either orally, or by a written com-, 
munication. 

defamatory (de-fam'a-to-ri), adj, 
containing that which is injurious to 
the character or reputation. 

defame (de-fam'), v.t. to injure or 
destroy the good reputation of ; ac- 
cuse falsely ; asperse ; vilify. 

default (de-fawlf), n. failure or 
omission to do any act ; failure to 
satisfy the acts required in a law- 
suit : v.t. to make a default in ; neg- 
lect : v.i. to make a default. 

defaulter ('er), n. one who makes a 
default ; one who fails to make a 
proper account of money or prop- 
erty intrusted to his charge. 

defeasance (de-fez'ans), n. the an- 
nulment of a contract or deed. 

defeat (de-fef), v.t. to overcome or 
vanquish ; frustrate ; baffle : n. the 
act of defeating ; frustration ; over- 
throw. 

defecate (def'e-kat), v.t. to clarify: 
v.i. to become clear ; discharge es- 
crementous matter from the bowels. 

defecation (-ka'shun), n. clarifica- 
tion ; evacuation from the bowels. 

defecator (def'e-ka-ter), n. one who, 
or that which, purifies or cleanses; 
an apparatus for removing feculent 
matter from juices, &c. 

defect (de-fekf), n. an imperfection, 
moral or physical ; insufficiency ; 
fault ; error. 

defection (-fek'shun), n. a falling 
away from duty or allegiance ; de- 
sertion. 

defective ('tiv), adj. having a defect 
or flaw of any kind ; incomplete ; 
faulty ; wanting some of the usual 
grammatical forms. 

defend (de-fend'), v.t. to guard or 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



dcf 



247 



de£ 



protect ; maintain ; vindicate one's 
legal rights by force of argument or 
evidence : v.i. to formally enter a de- 
fense to an action. 

defendant ('ant), n. a person who is 
sued or accused in a civil or crim- 
inal court. 

defense (de-fens'), n. the act or state 
of defending or being defended ; pro- 
tection ; vindication by force or ar- 
gument ; a defendant's plea or an- 
swer. 

defensibility (-fen-si-bil'i-ti), adj. 
the quality of being defensible. 

defensible ('si-bl), adj. capable of 
being defended. 

defensive (-fen'siv), adj. serving to 
defend or protect; carried on in de- 
fense. 

defer (de-fer'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
ferred, p.pr. deferring], to put off to 
a future time; delay; v.i. to pro- 
crastinate. 

deference (def'er-ens), n. a yielding 
to the opinions or wishes of anoth- 
er ; regard. 

deferent ('er-ent), adj. conveying: 
n. that which conveys or carries ; a 
duct or vessel in the body which con- 
veys fluids. 

deferential (-er-en'shal), adj. char- 
acterized by, or expressing, defer- 
ence. 

deferentially (-li), adv. respect- 
fully. 

deferment (de-fer'ment), n. delay. 

defiance (-fi'ans), n. contemptuous 
disregard ; a challenge. 

defiant ('ant), adj. characterized by 
defiance. 

deficiency (-fish'en-si), n. [pi. defi- 
ciencies (-siz)], the state of being 
deficient : incompleteness ; insuflS- 
ciency ; scarcity. 

deficient ('ent), adj. wanting; in- 
complete. 

deficit (def'i-sit), n. a falling off, or 
deficiency, in amount or quantity, 
especially of receipts. 

defier (de-fi'er), n. one who defies. 

defilade (def-i-lad'), v.t. to raise, as 
a rampart, so as to protect the lines 
of the defending parts from guns 
placed in a high position. 

defile (de-fil'), v.t. to make foul or 
impure ; tarnish ; corrupt the chas- 



tity of : v.i. to march off in a file : n. 
a long narrow mountainous pass ; a 
marching in file. 

defilement ('ment), n. moral or 
physical pollution. 

definable (-fln'a-bl), adj. capable of 
being defined. 

define ( de-fin' ) , v.t. to determini i %^ 
limits of; describe the nature Vy 
properties of. 

definite Cdefi-nit). «(?;. having fixed, 
or distincr limits ; certain ; pointing 
out. 

definitely (-li), adv. certainly; di& 
tinctly. 

definition (-nish'un), n. a brief de- 
scription or explanation of the pre- 
cise meaning of a term, phrase, &c. ; 
a concise statement. 

definitive (de-fin'i-tiv), adj. deter- 
mining ; conclusive : n. a word used 
in grammar to define the significa- 
tion of a noun. 

deflagrate ^ (def'la-grat), v.t. to set 
fire to : v.i. to burn with sudden and 
sparkling combustion. 

deflagrator ('la-gra-ter), n. an in- 
strument for producing combustion 
of metallic substances by electricity. 

deflect (de-flekf), v.t. to bend from 
a straight line: v.i. to swerve; bend 
or turn aside. 

deflection (-fiek'shun), n. a bending. 

deflective ('tiv), adj. causing deflec- 
tion. 

deflector ('ter), n. a plate or cone in 
a furnace or lamp to bring flames 
or gases into close contact, and thus 
increase combustion. 

deflexure (-flek'shur), n. a bending 
down. 

deflower (-de-flour') , v.t. to deprive of 
flowers or bloom ; despoil of pristine 
grace or beauty ; deprive of virginity. 

defluent (def'lu-ent), adj. running 
downward : n. a river rising in a 
lake. 

deforest (de-for'est), v.t. to clear of 
forest ; cut down, clear away, or de- 
stroy the trees of. 

deform (-form'), v.t. to render ugly 
or unshapely ; disfigure ; mar. 

deformity ('i-ti), n. [pi. deformi- 
ties (-tiz )], physical malformation; 
disfigurement; want of beauty or 
harmony. 



ate, arm, ask, at., awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



def 



248 



del 



defraud (-frawd'), v.t. to deprive of 
some right or interest by deception ; 
cheat; withhold wrongfully. 

defray (de-fra'), v.t. \_p.t. & p.p. de- 
frayed, p. pr. defraying], to discharge 
(the expenses of anything) ; pay ; 
settle. 

defrayal ('al), n. the act of defray- 
ing. 

deft (deft), adj. dexterous; handy; 
clever. 

defunct (de-fungkf), adj. dead; ex- 
tinct : n. a dead person ; the dead 
(collectively). 

defy (-fi')j v.t. [p.t. & p.p. defied, p. 
pr. defying], to challenge or pro- 
voke to strife; set at defiance; re- 
sist openly. 

degeneracy (de-jen'er-a-si), n. the 
state of being degenerate. 

degenerate ('er-at), v.i. to become 
inferior in goodness or quality; be- 
come of a lower type; pass to an 
inferior or worse state ; deteriorate : 
adj. deteriorated ; degraded : n. a 
degenerate person or organism. 

degenerately (-li), adv. in a degen- 
erate manner. 

degeneration (-a'shun), n. the act, 
state, or process of growing worse ; 
degeneracy ; decline ; the morbid 
impairment of any structural tis- 
sue or organ. 

deglutition (deg-loo-tish'un), n. 
swallowing. 

degote (de-got'), n. oil distilled from 
the white birch : used for Russian 
leather. 

degradation (deg-ra-da'shun), n. the 
act of degrading. 

degrade (de-grad'), v.t. to reduce in 
grade or rank ; deprive of honors, 
office, or dignity; lower physically 
or morally ; tone down ; diminish ; 
wear away. 

degree (de-gre'), n, a step or grade; 
rank or station ; relationship be- 
tween a person and the next in line 
of descent ; rank conferred by a 
diploma after examination ; one of 
three degrees in the comparison of 
an adjective or adverb ; a certain 
amount or interval ; the 360th part 
of the circumference of a circle ; 
60 geographical miles. 



dehisce (de-his'), v.i. to gape open. 

dehiscence ('ens), n. the opening of 
a capsule for the discharge of seeds, 
or of anthers for the discharge of 
pollen. 

dehiscent Cent), adj. opening. 

dehorn (-horn'), v.t. to deprive of 
horns. 

dehypnotize (-hip'no-tiz), v.t. to 
awaken from hypnotism. 

deification (de-i-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
act of defying ; apotheosis. 

deify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. deified, 
p.pr. deifying], to make, or exalt 
to the rank of, a deity ; idolize. 

deign (dan), v.i. to condescend; 
vouchsafe : v.t. to permit. 

deism (de'izm), n. the creed of a 
deist. 

deist ('ist), n. one who believes in 
the existence of a personal God, 
but not in revealed religion. 

deistic ('ik), adj. pertaining to deism, 
or deists. 

deity ('i-ti), n. [pi. deities (-tiz)], 
a god, goddess, or person worshipped 
as a divine being. 

Deity, n. God ; Jehovah ; the charac- 
ter, nature, or attributes of God; 
the Godhead. 

deject (de-jekt'), v.t. to depress the 
spirits of; dishearten; sadden. 

dejection (-jek'shun) n. lowness of 
spirits ; melancholy ; depression ; 
evacuation. 

dejeuner (da-zhu-na'), n. the first 
formal meal of the day. 

delaine (de-lan'), n. a light textile 
fabric of wool and cotton. 

delay (de-la'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
layed, p.pr. delaying], to postpone; 
hinder for a time : v.i. to act or pro- 
ceed slowly : n. postponement ; pro- 
crastination. 

dele (de'le), v.t. to take out (a letter. 
&c.) in proof reading : n. a mark (d) 
that a letter, &c., is to be deleted. 

delectability (de-lek-ta-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being delectable. 

delectable ('ta-bl), adj. pleasing; 
delightful. 

delectably (-li), adv. delightfully. 

delectation (-ta'shun), n. delight; 
pleasure. 

delegate (del'e-gat), v.t. to send as 
a representative with authority to 



fite, firm, ^sk, at, awl ; mS, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; bOon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



del 



249 



ifek 



act ; entrust ; commit : n. one sent 
to represent and act for others. 

delegation (-ga'shun), n. the act of 
delegating ; a person or body of per- 
sons chosen to act for others. 

delete ( de-let'), v.t. to blot out; 
erase. 

deleterious (-ter'i-us), adj. harm- 
ful, morally or physically; poison- 
ous. 

deletion (-le'shun), n. the act of de- 
leting. 

delf (delf), n. glazed earthenware. 

deliberate (de-lib'er-at), v.t. to think 
upon or consider ; weigh in the mind ; 
ponder : v.i. to take counsel with 
one's self or others : adj. circum- 
spect; slow in determining or in 
action ; well-considered. 

deliberately (-li), adv. with care- 
ful consideration. 

deliberateness (-nes), n. circum- 
spection. 

deliberation (-er-a'shun), n. calm 
and careful consideration ; slowness 
in action. 

deliberative (-tiv), adj. character- 
ized by, or acting with, deliberation. 

delicacy (del'i-ka-si), n. [pi. delica- 
cies (-siz)], the state or quality of 
being delicate; agreeableness to the 
taste or other senses ; grace ; sensi- 
tiveness ; refinement ; sensibility ; 
consideration for the feelings of 
others ; susceptibility to disease. 

delicatessen (-ka-tes'en), n.pl. table 
delicacies. 

delicious (de-lish'us), adj. highly 
pleasing to the senses, taste, or 
mind ; exquisite. 

deligbt ( de-lit'), v.t. to gratify or 
please greatly ; charm : v.i. be high- 
ly gratified or pleased (with in) : n. 
an extreme degree of pleasure; high 
satisfaction ; joy. 

delightful ('fool), adj. affording 
delight. 

delimit (-lim'it), v.t. to mark out or 
fix the limits of, as territory ; bound. 

delineate (-lin'e-at), v.t. to mark 
out with lines ; sketch ; portray ; 
describe minutely and accurately in 
words. 

delineation (-e-a'shun), n. the act 
or art of delineating; a sketch, de- 
scription, &c. 



delineator ('e-a-ter), n. one who de- 
lineates. 

delineatory (-to-ri), adj. delineat- 
ing. 

delinquency (-ling'k wen-si), n. [pi, 
delinquencies (-siz)], neglect of, or 
failure in, duty ; a misdeed ; fault. 

delinquent ('kwent), adj. falling 
short of duty : ti. one who neglects, 
or fails to perform, a duty; an of- 
fender. 

deliquesce (del-i-kwes'), v.i. to melt 
and become liquid by absorbing 
moisture from the atmosphere. 

deliquescence ('ens), n. the . act, 
property, or state of deliquescing. 

deliquescent ('ent), adj. liquefying 
or melting on exposure to the at- 
mosphere. 

delirious (de-lir'i-us), adj. light- 
headed ; insane ; frantic with delight. 

delirium ('i-um), n. excitement and 
aberration of the mind, caused by 
fever, &c. 

delirium tremens (tre'mens), n. a 
disease of the brain caused by the 
excessive and prolonged use of in- 
toxicating liquors. 

deliver (de-liv'er), v.t. to set free; 
save ; yield possession or control of ; 
send forth vigorously; discharge; 
communicate ; speak ; disburden of 
a child. 

deliverance ('er-ans), n. the act of 
delivering ; rescue ; an authoritative 
utterance by an official or judge on 
some technical point. 

delivery ('er-i), n. [pi. deliveries 
(-riz)], the act of delivering; a set- 
ting free ; a surrender ; transfer ; 
manner of utterance ; a distribution 
of letters, &c. ; the act or manner of 
delivering a ball ; parturition. 

dell (del), n. a small secluded valley. 

Delpbic (del'fik), adj. pertaining to 
Delphi, or to the famous sanctuary \ 
of Apollo with its priestess, or the ' 
games celebrated there in honor of 
Apollo. Also Delphian. 

delta (del'ta), n. [pi. deltas ('taz)], 
an alluvial deposit, shaped like the 
Greek letter A formed at the mouth 
of a river ; any triangular surface. 

deltaic (-ta'ik), adj. pertaining to a 
delta. 

deltoid ('toid), adj. shaped like a 



ate, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon. 



book; hiie, hut; think, *Aen. 



del 



250 



dent 



delta (J) ; pertaining to the deltoid 
muscle of the shoulder. 

delude (de-lud'), v.t. to impose upon 
the mind or judgment of ; beguile ; 
deceive. 

deluge (del'uj), n. an inundation; a 
great overflowing of the land by 
water, especially that of the time of 
Noah (Genesis vii.) ; a sudden and 
resistless calamity : v.t, to over- 
^ whelm. 

delul (de-lool'), n. a female drome- 
dary. 

delusion (-lii'zhun), n. the act of 
deluding ; deceit ; imposition ; illu- 
sion. 

delusive (-lu'siv), adj. tending to 
delude or deceive ; deceptive. Also 
delusory. 

delve (delv), v.t. to open with a 
spade ; fathom ; penetrate. 

demagnetize (de-mag'net-iz), v.t. to 
deprive of magnetic properties. 

demagogic (dem-a-gog'ik), adj. char- 
acteristic of a demagogue. Also 
demagogical. 

demagogism ('a-gog-izm), n. the 
principles or practice of a dema- 
gogue. 

demagogue ('a-gog), n. a popular 
and factious orator, especially one 
who inveighs against constituted au- 
thority. 

demand (de-mand'), v.t. to claim as 
by right or authority ; ask in a per- 
emptory manner ; summon : n. an 
authoritative claim ; a peremptory 
request ; the state of being much 
sought after. 

demandant ('ant), n. a plaintiff. 

demantoid (-man'toid), n. an em- 
erald green garnet : used as a gem. 

demarcation (-mar-ka'shun), n. the 
act of defining, or marking, the 
bounds of. 

demarcL. (de'mark), n. the ruler of 
a deme or district in Greece. 

demean (de-men'), v.t. to behave 
(with self). 

demeanor ('er), n. behavior; de- 
portment. 

dement (-menf), v.t. to make in- 
sane. 

dementia (-men'shi-a), n. insanity. 

deniesne (de-men'), n. landed estate 



attached to a manor : adj. pertaining 
to a demesne. 

demi (dem'i), a prefix signifying 
half, used in composition, as demi- 
quaver, a note equal in duration to 
half a quaver. 

demi. Same as demy. 

demigod (dem'i-god), n. an inferior 
deity ; one wdiose nature is partly 
divine ; the offspring of a god and 
a human being ; a deified hero. 

demijolin (-jon), n. a. large glass 
bottle with a small neck and large 
body, usually incased in wickerwork. 

demisable (-miz'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being demised. 

demise (-miz'), n. the transfer of a 
right to, or of a title in, an estate 
through death or forfeiture ; death, 
especially of a royal personage ; the 
conveyance or transfer of an estate 
by will or lease for a term of years 
or in fee simple : v.t. to give or grant 
by will : v.i. to pass by bequest or 
inheritance. 

demobilize (-mo'bi-liz), v.t. to dis- 
band or dismiss (troops that have 
been mobilized) ; change from a war 
to a peace footing. 

democracy (-mok'ra-si), n. [pi. de- 
mocracies (-siz)], government by 
the people collectively by elected 
representatives ; political or social 
equality. 

Democracy, n. the Democratic party 
or its principles. 

democrat (dem'o-krat), n. one who 
advocates and upholds the principles 
of democracy. 

Democrat, n. sl member of the Demo- 
cratic pa.rty. 

democratic (-krat'ik), or demo- 
cratical (-al), adj. pertaining to 
democracy. 

democratically (-li), adv. in a dem- 
ocratic manner. 

demoiselle (dem-wa-zel'), w. a young 
lady, or unmarried woman ; the Nu- 
midian crane ; a handsome small 
dragon-fly. 

demolish (de-mol'ish), v.t. to thro^ 
down ; reduce to ruins ; destroy ; 
annihilate. 

demolition (dem-o-lish'un), n. the 
act or process of demolishing ; de- 
struction. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



dem 



251 



ftei. 



demon (de'mon), n. an evil spirit; 
devil ; a guardian spirit or genius. 

demonetize (-mon'e-tiz), v.t. to de- 
prive of standard value, as currency ; 
withdraw from use as money. 

demoniac (-mo'ni-ak), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or influenced by, demons ; 
characteristic of a demon or evil 
spirit. Also demoniacal : n. a luna- 
tic. 

demonism ('mon-izm), n. belief in 
demons ; the nature of a demon. 

demonolatry (-ol'a-tri), n. devil 
worship. 

demonology (-ol'o-ji), n. a treatise 
on demons or evil spirits, as con- 
nected with the science of religion, 
or popular superstitions. 

demonstrable ( de-mon'stra-bl ) , adj. 
capable of being demonstrated. 

demonstrate (de-mon' or dem'on- 
strat), v.t. to prove beyond the pos- 
sibility of a doubt ; teach by exam- 
ples : v.i. to organize, or take part 
in, a party demonstration. 

demonstration ( dem-on-stra'shun ) , 
n. the act of demonstrating ; a proof 
beyond the possibility of a doubt ; 
jaanifestation ; a public exhibition 
of sympathy with some political or 
social movement ; the exhibition and 
description of examples in art and 
science teaching, especially anatomy. 

demonstrative ('stra-tiv), adj. hav- 
ing the power of demonstration ; 
conclusive ; manifesting the feelings 
openly and strongly : n. a demon- 
strative pronoun. 

demonstrator ('on-stra-ter), n. one 
who demonstrates ; a teacher of 
practical anatomy, or physical sci- 
ence. 

demoralize ('al-iz), v.t. to corrupt, 
or undermine, the morals of ; de- 
prive of spirit or energy; throw 
into confusion. 

demulcent (-mul'sent), adj. soften- 
ing ; lenitive : n. a medicine which 
allays irritation. 

demur (de-mur'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
murred, p.pr. demurring], to hesi- 
tate ; raise objections ; to interpose 
a demurrer : n. an objection or ex- 
ception. 

demure (-mur'), adj. grave; sober; 



decorous in bearing* affectedly 
modest or grave. 

demurely (-li), adv. in a demure 
manner. 

demureness ('nes), n. quality of 
being demure. 

demurrage (-mur'aj), n. the com- 
pensation paid by the freighter for 
the detention of a vessel in port 
beyond the stipulated time. 

demurrer ('er), n. an issue on a 
point of law. 

demy (de-mi), w. [^L demies (-miz')], 
a particular size of writing and 
printing paper, 15 x 20 inches, and 
17% X 22 inches respectively. 

den (den), n. the hollow cave of a 
wild beast ; lair ; subterraneous re- 
treat ; a squalid place of residence ; 
a small or secluded apartment, used 
as a retreat for work and leisure. 

denationalize (de-nash'un-al-iz), v.t. 
to deprive of national rights or 
character ; render local. 

denaturalize (-nat'u-ral-Iz), v.t. to 
make unnatural ; divest of the ac- 
quired rights of citizenship in a 
foreign country. 

dendrite (den'drit), n. a stone or 
mineral with tree-like markings. 

dendroid ('droid), adj. resembling a 
tree in appearance ; arborescent. 

dendrology (-drol'o-ji), n. the nat- 
ural history of trees; a treatise on 
trees. 

dendrometer (-drom'e-ter), n. an 
apparatus for taking the heights 
and diameters of trees to ascertain 
their contents. 

dengue (deng'ga), n. the West In- 
dian name for the dandy fever, an 
acute febrile epidemic disease with 
pain in the bones, and skin eruption. 

denial (de-nl'al), n. the act of deny- 
ing ; refusal ; contradiction ; non- 
compliance. 

denizen (den'i-zen) , n. an inhabitant ; 
citizen ; an alien who has received 
letters patent admitting him to the 
rights of citizenship. 

denominate (de-nom'i-nat), v.t. to 
designate ; characterized by an epi- 
thet ; name : adj. made up of units 
of a specified kind. 

denomination (-i-na'shun), n. the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



deu 



252 



dep 



act of designating ; a sect, class, or 
division. 

denominational (-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or carried on by, a sect. 

denominationalism (-al-izm), '•^^ a 
denominational or class spirit, _ or 
policy ; the opinion that education 
should be carried out through reli- 
gious bodies. 

denominationally (-li), adv. by 
sects. 

denominative ('i-na-tiv), adj. giv- 
ing a name ; formed from a sub- 
stantive or adjectival stem ; conno- 
tative : n. a verb formed from a sub- 
stantive or adjectival stem. 

denominator ('i-na-ter), n. one who, 
or that which, denominates ; the ex- 
pression of a fraction which, when 
placed below the line, gives the 
name or value to the unit. 

denotable (de-not'a-bl), adj. that 
may be denoted. 

denotative (-no'ta-tiv), adj. having 
the power to denote or point out ; 
significant. 

denote (de-nof), v.t. to signify or 
identify by a visible sign ; indicate ; 
betoken. 

denouement (da-noo-mang'), n. the 
act of unraveling or solving a plot ; 
outcome. 

denounce (de-nouns'), v.t. to threat- 
en or accuse publicly ; censure ; 
stigmatize; lay claim to (a new, or 
an abandoned, mine). 

dense (dens), adj. thick; compact; 
intense. 

density (den'si-ti), n. compactness; 
mass of matter per unit of volume ; 
depth of shade. 

dent (dent), n. a slight depression 
caused by a blow or pressure ; the 
tooth of a wheel ; a cog, card, comb, 
or metallic brush : v.t. to make a 
dent in. 

dental (den'tal), adj. pertaining to 
the teeth ; pronounced by the aid of 
the teeth : n. a letter pronounced by 
the aid of the teeth. 

dentary ('ta-ri), adj. pertaining to 
teeth. 

dentate ('tat), adj. toothed. Also 
dentated. 

denticulate (-tik'u-lat) , adj. fur- 



nished with small teeth. Also den- 
ticulated. 

dentiform ('ti-form), adj. tooth- 
shaped. 

dentifrice ('ti-fris), n. tooth-powder. 

dentil ('til), n. one of the^ small 
square blocks or projections in cor- 
nices. Also dentel. 

dentilabial (-ti-la'bi-al), adj. artic- 
ulated between the teeth and the 
lips. 

dentilingual (-ling'gwal), adj. 
formed between the teeth and the 
tongue. Dentolingual. 

dentine (den'tin), n. the hard, dense, 
calcified tissue which forms the 
body of a tooth. 

dentipbone ('ti-fon), n. an audi- 
phone. 

dentist ('tist), n. a dental surgeon. 

dentistry ('tis-tri), n. dental sur- 
gery. 

dentition (-tish'un), n. the process, 
or period, of cutting the teeth ; ar- 
rangement of the teeth. 

dentoid ('toid), adj. tooth-shaped. 

denudation (de-nu- or den-ii-da'" 
shun ) , n. the act of stripping or 
making bare. 

denude (de-nCid'), v.t. to make bare 
or naked; lay bare (rocks) by ero- 
sive action. 

denunciation (-nun-si-a'shun), n. 
the act of denouncing ; a threat ; 
menace. 

denunciator (-nun'si-a-ter), n. a de- 
nouncer. 

denunciatory (-to-ri), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or containing", a denunciation. 
Denunciative. 

deny (de-ni'), v.t. to refuse to be- 
lieve or admit ; contradict ; refuse 
to grant ; abjure. 

deodand (de'o-dand), n. any per- 
sonal chattel which has caused 
death, and for that reason has been 
given to God (forfeited to the 
Crown) for pious uses. 

deodorant (-o'der-ant), n. a deodor- 
izer. 

deodorize ('der-iz), v.t. to disinfect. 

depart ( de-part'), v.i. to go or move 
away ; leave ; die ; desist. 

department ('ment), n. a separate 
room or office for business ; a branch 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



dep 



253 



dep 



of business, study, or science ; a 
territorial administrative division. 
departmental ('al), adj. pertaining 
to a department ; governed by de- 
partments. 

■ departure (par'chur), n, the act of 

■ departing ; a going away ; deviation ; 

■ death. 

■ depend (de-pend'), v.i. to rely for 

support ; trust ; hang down. 

dependence ('ens), n. the state of 
being dependent ; connection ; reli- 
ance ; trust. Also dependency (-si), 
\_pl. dependencies (-siz)], a colony. 

dependent ('ent), adj. hanging 
down ; contingent ; conditional ; su- 
bordinate : n. one dependent upon 
another ; a retainer ; consequence. 

depict (de-pikt'), v.t. to paint or 

» portray ; describe or represent vivid- 

ly. 
depilatory (de-pil'a-to-ri), adj. hav- 
ing the power of removing hair : n. 
an application for removing super- 
fluous hairs. 

depletion (-ple'shun), n. the act of 
emptying or exhausting ; blood-let- 
ting. 

deplorable (-plor'a-bl), adj. worthy 
to be deplored ; sad ; calamitous ; 
grievous. 

deplore (-plor'), v.t. to lament; 
grieve for. 

deploy (-ploi'), v.t. & vi. [p.t. & p.p. 
deployed, p.pr. deploying], to open 
out ; extend in line so as to present 
a wider front : n. the act of deploy- 
i ing. Also deployment. 

I depolarize (-p5'lar-iz), v.t. to de- 
prive of polarity. 

deponent (-pon'ent), adj. denoting a 
Latin verb with a passive form 
and an active meaning : n. a witness 
who makes an affidavit to a state- 
ment of fact. 

depopulate (-pop'ti-lat), v.i. to de- 
prive of inhabitants ; devastate ; lay 
waste. 

deport (-port'), v.t. to carry from 
one country to another ; banish ; be- 
have (one's self). 

deportment ('ment), n. conduct; 
behavior. 

depose (-poz'), v.t. to remove from a 
throne, or other high station ; de- 
prive of office : v.i. testify on oath. 



deposit (-poz'it), v.t. to put or set 
down ; place ; intrust to another for 
security : n. anything deposited ; 
something committed to the care of 
another ; a pledge ; rocks produced 
by denudation or by the laying down 
of other formations. 

depositary ('i-ta-ri), n. one with 
whom something is intrusted ; a 
guardian. 

deposition (dep-o-zish'un), n. the act 
of depositing or deposing ; that 
which is deposited or deposed ; an 
afiidavit. 

depositor (de-poz'i-ter), n. one who 
deposits. 

depository ('i-to-ri), n. [pi. deposi- 
tories (-riz)], the place where any- 
thing is deposited for security ; a 
depot for the sale of publications. 

depot (de'po, or dep'o), n. a ware- 
house ; a magazine for military 
stores, &c. ; the headquarters of a 
regiment ; a railway station. 

depravation (dep-ra-va'shun), n. 
the act of depraving ; deterioration. 

deprave (de-prav'), v.t. to make bad. 

depraved (-pravd') , p. adj. morally de- 
based ; corrupt ; made bad or worse. 

depi'avity ( -prav'i-ti ) , n. the state of 
being depraved or corrupt ; wicked- 
ness. 

deprecable (dep're-ka-bl), adj. that 
which is, or should be, deprecated. 

deprecate ('re-kat), v.t. to pray 
against ; disapprove strongly ; ex- 
press regret for. 

deprecation (-ka'shun), n. the act 
of deprecating ; in litanies, a peti- 
tion to be delivered from some spir- 
itual or temporal evil. 

deprecatory (dep're-ka-to-ri), adj. 
apologetic. 

depreciate (de-pre'shi-at), v.t. to 
lower the value, or rate, of ; dis- 
parage : v.i. to fall in value. 

depreciation (-a'shun), n. the act 
of lessening the value or worth of ; 
fall in value. 

depredate (dep're-dat), v.t. to pil- 
lage ; rob ; lay waste ; prey upon. 

depredation (-da'shun), n. the act 
of depredating. 

depredator (dep're-da-ter), n. a 
plunderer. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrtb^ not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



dep 



254 



det 



depredatory (-to-ri), adj. plunder- 
ing. 

depress (de-pres'), v.t. to press or 
thrust down ; humble ; dispirit ; 
lower or cheapen. 

depressed (-presf), p.adj. cast down 
in spirits ; lowered in position ; flat- 
tened from above, or vertically. 

depression (-presh'un), n. the act 
of depressing; the sinking or fall- 
ing in of a surface ; abasement ; de- 
jection of spirits ; debility ; diminu- 
tion or dullness of trade. 

depressor (-pres'er), n. one who, or 
that which, depresses ; a muscle 
that draws down an organ or part. 

deprivation (dep-ri-va'shun), n. the 
act of taking away ; destitution ; 
loss ; the deposition of a cleric from 
his office or functions. 

deprive (de-priv'), v.t. to take from; 
dispossess ; debar ; depose from of- 
fice. 

depth, (depth), n. the state or de- 
gree of being deep ; profoundness ; 
extent of penetration ; richness of 
tone or color. 

deputation (dep-ti-ta'shun), n. the 
act of deputing ; the persons de- 
puted. 

depute (de-put'), v.t. to appoint as 
an agent or deputy ; send with au- 
thority to act on behalf of the prin- 
cipal. 

deputize (dep'ti-tiz), v.t. to appoint 
as a deputy. 

deputy ('u-ti), n. [pi. deputies 
(-tiz)], one appointed to act for 
another ; a delegate. 

derail (de-ral'),' v.i. to run off the 
rails : v.t. to cause to leave the rails. 

derange (-ranj'), v.t. to throw into 
confusion ; disturb the normal func- 
tions of ; displace. 

derangement ('ment), n. the act of 
deranging ; insanity. 

Derby {der'bi),n. [p?. derbies ('biz)], 
a race, founded, 1780, for three-year- 
old horses, run annually at Epsom, 
England. 

derby (der'bi), n. a kind of stiff felt 
hat, with convex crown and curved 
brim. 

derelict (der'e-likt), adj. abandoned; 
adrift : n. anything left, forsaken, 



or cast away intentionally, as at 
sea : pi. abandoned goods found at 
sea. 

dereliction (-lik'shun), n. omission, 
as of obligation or duty ; the gain- 
ing of land by the permanent retire- 
ment of the sea. 

deride (-rid'), v.t. to mock; laugh 
at : v.i. to indulge in mockery, scorn, 
or ridicule. 

deridingly ('ing-li), adv. with de- 
rision. 

derisible (-riz'i-bl), adj. open to de- 
rision. 

derision (-rizh'un), n. the act of de- 
riding ; ridicule ; scorn ; contempt. 

derisive (-ris'iv), adj. expressing de- 
rision. 

derivable (-riv'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being derived ; deducible. 

derivation (der-i-va'shun), n. the 
act of deriving, or the condition of 
being derived ; the process of trac- 
ing a word from its original source ; 
evolution ; deduction. 

derivative (de-riv'a-tiv) , adj. derived 
or taken from another ; deducible ; 
secondary : n. a word obtained from 
some other by a prefix or suffix, or 
other modification. 

derive (-riv'), v.t. to draw from an 
original source ; obtain by trans- 
mission or descent; trace (a word) 
to its original rpot or stem ; deduce ; 
infer. 

derma (der'ma), n. the true skin. 

dermal ('mal), adj. pertaining to the, 
or consisting of, skin. Also dermic. 

dermatoid ('ma-toid), adj. like 
skin. 

dermatology (-tol'o-ji), n. the sci- 
ence which treats of the skin and its 
diseases. 

dermic, another form of dermal. 

dernier ressort (der'ni-er re-zor'), 
n. the last resort or expedient. 

derogate ('o-gat), v.t. to take away; 
annual partially: v.i. detract (with 
from). 

derogation (-ga'shun), n. the act 
of derogating ; detraction ; deprecia- 
tion. 

derogatory (de-rog'k-to-ri) , adj. tend- 
ing to derogate from honor, char- 
acter, or value (with to, from). 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



der 



255 



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derrick ('ik), n. an apparatus for 
hoisting heavy weights. 

derringer ('in-jer), n. a pocket pis- 
tol with a short barrel of very large 
caliber. 

dervish ('vish), n. a Mohammedan 
monk who professes extreme pov- 
erty, chastity, and humility, and 
leads a very austere life ; a Sou- 
danese adherent of the Madhi. 

descant (des'kant), n. a varied song 
or melody ; a disquisition or com- 
ment : (des-kant') vA. to comment 
freely ; discourse at length. 

descend (de-send'), vA. to pass from 
a higher to a lower position ; fall 
upon or invade ; be derived from ; 
fall in order of inheritance, or from 
one generation to another ; move to- 
ward the south : said of a star : 'v.i. 
to move or pass along downwards. 

descendant ('ant), n. one who is 
lineally descended from an ancestor ; 
offspring. 

descendent ('ent), adj. descending; 
sinking, 

descendible ('i-bl), adj. that may be 
descended ; transmissible. 

descension ('shun), n. the act of 
descending ; a falling ; declension ; 
sinking downwards. 

descent (-sent'), n. change from a 
higher to a lower place ; a sudden 
hostile invasion or attack ; moral or 
social declension ; transmission of an 
estate ; derivation from a common 
ancestor ; birth ; a passage from a 
higher to a lower pitch. 

describable (de-skrib'a-bl), adj. ca- 
pable of description. 

describe (-skrib'), i;.#. to delineate or 
trace out ; narrate ; set forth. 

description (-skrip'shun), n. the act 
of describing ; delineation by marks 
or signs ; an account of anything in 
words or writing. 

descriptive ('tiv), adj. tending to, 
or serving to, describe ; containing 
description. 

desecrate (des'e-kr^t), v.t. to divert 
from a sacred to a secular use ; pro- 
fane. 

desecration (-kra'shun), n. profana- 
tion. 

desert (de-zerf), v.t. to forsake; 
abandon : v.i. abscond from duty. 



desert (dez'ert), n. a barren tract 
incapable of supporting life or vege- 
tation ; a solitude : adj. pertaining to 
a desert. 

desert (de-zert'), n. a reward or pun- 
ishment deserved ; merit. 

deserve (-zerv'), v.t. to earn by serv- 
ice ; be justly entitled to, or worthy 
of ; merit : vA. to be worthy or de- 
serving (usual with well or ill). 

deser\'edly ('ed-li), adv. justly. 

deshabille, same as dishabille. 

desiccate (des'i-kat)^ v.t. to dry 
thoroughly ; dry up ; preserve by- 
exhausting the moisture from : v.i. 
to become dry. 

desiccation (-ka'shun), n. the act 
of drying. 

desiccative (des'i-ka-tiv), adj. tend- 
ing to dry. 

desiccator (-ter), n. an apparatus 
for drying foods and other sub- 
stances. 

desiderate (de-sid'er-at), v.t. to be 
in want or need of ; desire to have. 

desiderative (-iv), adj. having de- 
sire. 

desideratum (-ra'tum), n. {pi. de- 
siderata ( 'ta ) ] , anything desired ; a 
want or desire generally felt and 
recognized. 

design (-zin'), v.t. to draw, mark, or 
plan out ; project ; set apart mental- 
ly : v.i. to formulate designs or exe- 
cute original work : n. an outline, 
plan, or drawing ; project ; inten- 
tion. 

designate (des'ig-nat), v.t. to indi- 
cate by marks, lines, or a descrip- 
tion the limits of ; point out ; dis- 
tinguish ; name : adj. designated ; 
selected. 

designation (-na'shun), n. the act 
of designating ; nomination ; ap- 
pointment. 

designedly (de-zin'ed-li), adv. inten- 
tionally. 

designing (-zln'ing), adj. scheming; 
artful : cunning ; insidious ; wily. 

desirability (-zir-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being desirable. 

desirable ('a-bl), adj. pleasing; 
agreeable. 

desire (-zir'), v.t. to wish earnestly 
for ; crave : v.i. be in the state of 
desire : n. a longing for the posses- 



ate, arm, 



i, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
book; hue. hut: think. #7)en. 



des 



256 



des 



sion of some object ; a petition or 
prayer ; natural or sensual tenden- 
cy ; the object longed for. 

desirous ('us), adj. full of desire. 

desist Csist), v.i. to cease from. 

desk (desk), n. a sloping frame or 
table for reading or writing upon ; a 
clerk's position. 

desolate (des'o-lat) , v.t. to lay waste ; 
deprive of inhabitants ; overwhelm 
with sorrow : adj. deprived of in- 
habitants ; solitary ; laid waste ; 
abandoned ; miserable. 

desolately (-li), adv. in a desolate 
manner. 

desolation (-la'shun), n. the act of 
desolating ; the state of being deso- 
lated ; a solitude ; ruin ; destruction ; 
affliction ; misery. 

despair (-par'), v.i. to abandon all 
hope, or expectation ; become hope- 
less : v.t. to lose hope or confidence 
in : n. loss of hope or confidence ; 
hopelessness ; desperation. 

despatch (des-pach'), or dispatch 
(dis-), v.t. to send off; expedite; 
put to death ; finish quickly : n. 
speedy performance ; celerity ; an ex- 
press ; an ofiicial document sent to a 
minister abroad. 

desperado (-per-a'do), n. a man 
reckless of danger; a wild ruffian. 

desperate ('per-at), adj. regardless 
of danger or consequences ; reckless ; 
hopeless. 

desperately (-li), adv. recklessly; 
hopelessly. 

despicable ('pi-ka-bl), adj. con- 
temptible. 

despise (-spiz'), v.t. to look down 
upon with scorn or contempt; dis- 
dain. 

despite (-spit'), n. extreme con- 
tempt ; malicious anger ; scorn ; ha- 
tred : prep, notwithstanding. 

despitefuUy (-fool-li), adv. mali- 
ciously. 

despoil (-spoil'), v.t. to rob; deprive. 

despond (-spond'), v.i. to be cast 
down in spirits ; give way to de- 
spondency. 

despondency ('en-si), n. absence of 
hope or courage; deep mental de- 
pression. 

despot (des'pot), n. an absolute ir- 



responsible ruler ; an autocrat ; 
tyrant. 

despotic (-pot'ik), adj. absolute in 
power ; autocratic ; irresponsible ; 
arbitrary ; tyrannical. Also despot- 
ical. 

despotically (-al-li), adv. in a des- 
potic manner. 

despotism ('pot-izm), n. absolute 
power or government; tyranny. 

dessert (dez-erf), n. a course of 
fruits, sweets, &c., usually served 
last at dinner. 

destination (des-ti-na'shun), n. pur- 
pose or end for which anything is 
appointed ; ultimate design ; goal ; 
termination. 

destine (des'tin), v.t. to appoint to 
any use or purpose ; fix unalterably ; 
doom. 

destiny ('ti-ni), n. [pi. destinies 
(-niz)], premeditated lot; fate; in- 
evitable necessity. 

destitute ('ti-tut), adj. without 
means of existence ; forsaken ; poor ; 
penniless. 

destitution (-tti'shun), n. poverty; 
want. 

destroy (de-stroi'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
destroyed, p.pr. destroying], to pull 
down ; overturn ; lay waste ; render 
desolate ; kill ; put an end to ; dis- 
prove. 

destructibility (-struk-ti-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being destructible. 

destructible ('ti-bl), adj. that may 
be destroyed. 

destruction (-struk'shun), n. the 
act or process of destroying ; sub- 
version ; overthrow ; ruin ; death. 

destructive ('tiv), adj. tending to, 
or causing, destruction ; ruinous ; 
hurtful. 

destructively (-li), adj. in a destruc- 
tive manner. 

destructiveness (-nes), n. the qual- 
ity of being destructive ; a propen- 
sity to destroy. 

desudation (des-u-da'shun), n. pro- 
fuse sweating. 

desuetude (des'we-ttid), n. disuse. 

desultory (des'ul-to-ri), adj. passing 
from one thing to another without 
order or method ; cursory ; erratic. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon^ 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



des 



257 



det 



desultorily (-ri-li), adv. in a desul- 
tory manner. 

desultoriness (-ri-nes), n. the qual- 
ity of being desultory ; discursive- 
ness. 

detach (de-tach'), v.t. to disconnect; 
detail for a specific purpose ; send 
away from. 

detachment ('ment), n. the act of 
detaching ; the thing detached ; a 
body of troops, or certain ships, de- 
tached from the main body and sent 
on special service. 

detail (de-tal'), v.i. to relate minute- 
ly ; enumerate ; tell off for a given 
duty : v.i. to give details of : n. an 
item ; a particular or minute ac- 
count ; a small detachment for spe- 
cial service : pi. minute parts of a 
picture, statue, &c. 

detain, (de-tan'), v.t. to hold back; 
restrain from departure ; retain in 
custody. 

detainer ('er), n. one who detains; 
a writ for holding a person in cus- 
tody. 

detainment ('ment), n. detention. 

detect (de-tekf), v.t. to discover; 
bring to light ; expose ; find out ; as- 
certain the character of. 

detectable (-tek'ta-bl), at?/, that may 
be detected. Also detectible. 

detection ('shun), n. the act of de- 
tecting or its result ; discovery. 

detective ('tiv), adj. employed in de- 
tecting ; pertaining to detectives, or 
detection : n. one whose business it is 
to trace wrong-doers. 

detector ('ter), n. one who, or that 
which, detects ; an apparatus or de- 
vice for indicating the presence of 
anything. 

I detent (de-tent'), n. a pin, lever, or 
■ stud forming a stop in a clock, lock, 

&c. 

detention (-ten'shun), n. the act of 
detaining or withholding ; restraint ; 
delay. 

detentive ('tiv), adj. employed in 
detaining. 

deter (de-ter'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. de- 
terred, p.pr. deterring], to dis- 
courage, or hinder, by fear ; re- 
strain ; dishearten. 

deterge (-terj'), v.t. to cleanse, as a 
wound. 



deteriorate (-te'ri-6-rat), v.t. to re- 
duce to an inferior quality or value; 
impair : v.i. to grow worse. 

deterioration (-ra'shun), n. degen- 
eracy. 

determinable (-ter'mi-na-bl), adj. 
capable of being definitely ascer- 
tained ; defined with clearness ; ter- 
minable. 

determinant ('mi-nant), adj. caus- 
ing determination : n. that which 
determines, decides, or establishes 
something. 

determinate ('mi-nat), adj. having 
definite or fixed limits; clearly de-' 
fined; ^specific. 

determination (-na'shun), n. the 
act of determining; purpose; reso- 
lution. 

determinative ('min-a-tiv), adj. de- 
termining, limiting, or defining; 
tending to define the genus or 
species : n. that which serves to de- 
termine the quality or character of 
something else ; a demonstrative 
pronoun ; an ideograph. 

determine (de-ter'min), v.i. to de- 
cide ; end : v.t. to fix or settle the 
bounds of ; put an end to ; restrict. 

determined ('mind), p. adj. reso- 
lute; inflexible; fixed; circum- 
scribed ; limited. 

determinedly (-li), adv. resolutely. 

deterrent (-ter'ent), adj. serving, or 
tending, to deter: n. that which 
deters. 

detest (-test'), v.t. to hate intense- 
ly. 

detestation (de-tes- or det-es-ta'- 
shun), n. extreme dislike or abhor- 
rence ; loathing. 

dethrone (-thron'), v.t. to remove 
from a throne ; deprive of authority. 

detinue (det'i-nu), n. a writ for the 
recovery of chattels unlawfully de- 
tained. 

detonate (det'o-nat), v.t. to cause 
to explode with a loud and sudden 
report : v.i. to explode loudly and 
suddenly. 

detonation (-o-na'shun), n. a sud- 
den explosion with a loud report. 

detonator ('o-na-ter), n. a sub- 
stance that detonates ; a percussion- 
cap. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, th&n. 



^et 



258 



dev 



detour (de-toor'), n. a circuitous 
way. 

detract (-trakt'), v.t. to draw or 
take away (with from) : v.i. take 
away the reputation. 

detraction (-trak'shun), n. depre- 
ciation ; defamation ; slander. 

detractor ('ter), n. one who de- 
tracts ; a muscle that draws away 
some part. 

detrain (de-tran'), v.t. to remove 
from a train, as troops : v.i. alight 
from a train. 

detriment (det'ri-ment), n. that 
' which injures, reduces in value, or 
causes damage. 

detrimental ('al), adj. injurious. 

detrimentally ('al-li), adv. inju- 
riously. 

detrital (de-tri'tal), adj. pertaining 
to, or consisting of, detritus. 

detritus ('tus), n. accumulations 
arising from fragments of rocks 
broken off or worn away ; debris ; 
waste. 

de trop (de tro'), too much; out of 
place ; not wanted : said of a per- 
son whose presence is not desired. 

deuce (dus), n. the devil ! ; a card or 
dice with two spots ; a term used in 
scoring at lawn tennis. 

deuce-ace ('as), n. the one and two 
thrown at dice. 

deutoplasm (du'to-plazm), n. the 
secondary or nutritive plasm or albu- 
minous part of the yolk, which pro- 
vides food for the embryo. 

Deutzia (dut'zi-a), n. a small genus 
of handsome Chinese and Japanese 
shrubs. 

dev (dav), n. one of the high powers 
or gods in nature. Also deva. 

devachan (da'va-kan), n. in occult- 
ism, a state into which the higher 
spiritual life of man passes after 
death. 

devaclianee (-e'), n. one who is in 
the enjoyment of the devachan. 

devaporation (de-vap-o-ra'shun), n. 
the change of vapor into water. 

devastate (dev'as-tat), v.t. to lay 
waste ; desolate ; ravage ; plunder. 

devastation (-ta'shun), n. the act 
of devastating ; desolation ; waste ; 
destruction. 



devastator ('as-ta-tgr), n. one who 
devastates. 

develop (de-vel'op), v.t. to unfold 
gradually ; make known in detail ; 
complete ; to cause to go from a 
lower to a higher state ; bring to 
view by inducing changes on a sen- 
sitized plate : v.i. to advance from 
one stage to another : become grad- 
ually apparent. 

development (-ment), n. the act of 
developing. 

developmental {-Sil),adj. pertaining 
to development. 

devest (de-vesf), v.t. to alienate or 
annul, as right or title : v.i. to be 
lost or alienated. 

deviate (de'vi-at), v.i. to turn aside 
from a certain course ; diverge ; err : 
v.t. to change the direction or posi- 
tion of. 

deviation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
deviating ; digression ; wandering ; 
variation from established rule ; er- 
ror. 

de viator (-ter), n. one who deviates. 

device (de-vis'), n. a contrivance; 
invention ; a stratagem ; a. fanciful 
design or pattern; a heraldic em- 
blem. 

devil (dev'l), n. the Evil Spirit, Sa- 
tan ; a fallen angel ; a false god or 
demon ; a very wicked person ; a 
bold dashing fellow; a malicious 
spirit in a person ; a printer's ap- 
prentice ; a machine for dividing 
rags or cotton in paper-making : v.t. 
to season highly with cayenne pep- 
per cold cooked meat and then to 
fry it ; prepare work for another ; 
tear up in a machine. 

devil-fish (-fish), n. a large species 
of octopus. 

devilish (-ish), adj. diabolical; ex- 
tremely wicked ; infernal ; excessive, 

devilishly (-li), adv. diabolically; 
excessively. 

devilkin (-kin), n. a little devil. 

devilment (-ment), oi. roguishness. 

devilry (-ri), malicious mischief; dia- 
bolical wickedness. 

devious (de'vi-us), adj. rambling; 
circuitous. 

devisable (-vis'a-bl), adj. capable of 
being imagined or bequeathed. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; nDte, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



dev 



259 



dia 



devise (-viz'), v.t. to imagine; 
scheme ; contrive ; concoct ; bequeath 
by will : n. a gift of real property 
by will ; a will._ 

devisee (dev-i-ze'), n. the person to 
whom a bequest has been made. 

deviser (de-viz'er), n. one who de- 
vises or invents. 

devisor ('er), n. one who bequeaths 
by will. 

devoid (-void'), adj. destitute of. 

devoir (dev- war'), n. a service or 
duty owed ; an act of courtesy or 
respect (usual pi.). 

devolve (de-volv'), v.t. to transfer 
from one to another ; transmit : v.i. 
to be transferred or transmitted. 

devote (de-vof). v.t. to dedicate or 
consecrate ; consign to evil ; give up 
wholly to; apply (one's self, &c.) to 
some object. 

devotee (dev-o-te'), n. a votary; en- 
thusiast. 

devotion (de-vo'shun), n. the act of 
devoting or consecrating ; the state 
of being devoted ; strong affection ; 
ardent love ; religious worship ; 
prayer (usually pi.). 

devotional (-al), adj. devout. 

devour (de-vour'), v.t. to swallow 
greedily or ravenously ; consume or 
destroy rapidly ; annihilate ; enjoy 
with avidity. 

devout (-vout'), adj. devoted to re- 
ligious thoughts and exercises ; 
heartfelt. 

dew (du), n. aqueous vapor con- 
densed from the atmosphere and de- 
posited in small drops at evening ; 
that which falls lightly and in a re- 
freshing manner. 

dew-claw ('claw), n. the little claw 
behind a dog's foot ; the false hoof 
of a deer. 

dewiness (dti'i-nes), n. state of being 
dewy. 

dewlap ('lap), n. the loose skin that 
hangs from the neck of an ox or 
cow. 

dewy (du'i), adj. moist with dew. 

dexter (deks'ter), adj. right: opposed 
to left. 

dexterity ('i-ti), n. manual skill; 
mental or physical adroitness ; clev- 
erness. 

dexterous (-us), adj. possessing 



manual skill ; quick, mentally or 
physically ; adroit ; clever. Also 
dextrous. 

dextrine ('trin), n. a white gummy 
substance found in plant sap, &c. : 
used as gum. 

dextrose ('tros), n. a white crystal- 
line variety of sugar found in sweet 
fruits : as the grape, cherry, &c., and 
in diabetic urine. 

dey (da), n. the former title of the 
governor of Algiers, and of the chief 
of the Janissaries. 

diabase (di'a-bas), n. a dark colored 
igneous rock ; composed of augite, 
feldspar, and iron ; greenstone. 

diabetes (-a-be'tez), n. a disease 
characterized by a morbid and ex- 
cessive discharge of urine. 

diabetic (-bet'ik), adj. pertaining to 
diabetes. 

diabolic (di-a-bol'ik), or diabolic* 
al (-al), adj. devilish; outrageously 
wicked ; impious. 

diabolically (-li), adv. in a diabol- 
ical manner. 

diacaustic (-a-kaws'tik), adj. denot- 
ing a caustic curve formed by re- 
fracted rays : n. a diacaustic curve. 

diaconal (-ak'o-nal), adj. pertaining 
to a deacon. 

diaconate (-ak'o-nat), n. the office 
or dignity of a deacon ; deacons col- 
lectively. 

diacoustics dl-a-kous' or -koos'- 
tiks), ii.pl. the science of refracted 
sounds ; diaphonics. 

diacritical (-krit'i-kal), adj. serving 
to separate or distinguish ; sufficient 
to magnetize an iron core to one- 
half its saturation. Also diacritic. 

diacritical mark (mark), n. a mark 
employed to distinguish letters or 
sounds which resemble each other, 
and to indicate their true pronun- 
ciation, as a, o. 

diadem ('a-dem), n. a crown; tiara, 

diaeresis, same as dieresis. 

diaglypbic (-glif'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or like, an intaglio : sunk into the 
general surface. 

diagnose (-ag-nos'), v.t. to ascer- 
tain, as a disease, by its general 
symptoms. 

diagnosis (-no'sis), n. [pi. diagnoses 
('sez)], scientific discrimination; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boonj 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



dia 



260 



dia 



the recognition of a disease by its 
symptoms. 

diagnostic (-nos'tik), adj. char- 
acteristic : n. a symptom distinguish- 
ing a disease. 

diagometer (-gom'e-ter), n. a kind 
of electroscope for measuring and 
determining relative conductivity. 

diagonal (-ag'o-nal), adj. extending 
from one angle to another : n. a 
straight oblique line dividing a rec- 
tangular figure into equal parts. 

diagonally (-li), adv. in a diagonal 
manner. 

diagrasu ('i.-gram), n. a geometrical 
figure ; a mechanical plan ; an out- 
line, drawing, or figure. 

diagrammatic (-at'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or illustrated by, a diagram. 

diagrammatically (-al-li), adv. by 
a diagram. 

diagraph ('a-graf), n. an instrument 
for drawing figures or objects me- 
chanically. 

dial (di'al), n. an instrument for 
showing the time by the sun's shad- 
ow ; the face of a timepiece ; any 
plate on which an index finger 
marks revolutions, pressure, &c. ; 
an insulated fixe'd wheel used in 
telegraphy : v.t. to measure or in- 
dicate by a dial ; survey with a 
miner's compass. 

dialect ('a-lekt), n. the peculiar 
manner in which a language is 
spoken in a province or district of 
a country ; idiom ; a sub-division of 
a language. 

dialectic ('ik), adj. pertaining to a 
dialect, or to logic. Also dialectical. 

dialectics ('iks), n.pl. the art of rea- 
soning. 

dialectician (-tish'an), n. a logician. 

dialectology (-toro-ji), n. that 
branch of philology which treats of 
dialects. 

dialing ('ul-ing), n. the art of con- 
structing dials. 

dialogue ('a-log), n. a conversation 
between two or more persons ; a 
literary composition in which per- 
sons are represented as reasoning 
on, or discussing, a subject. 

dialysis (-al'i-sis), n. the breaking 
up, or division, of one syllable into 
two ; in Latin grammar, the change 



of j and V into i and u; the separa- 
tion of different substances in solu- 
tion by diffusion through a moist 
membrane or septum. 

diamagnetism (-mag'net-izm), n. 
the property possessed by certain 
bodies when under the influence of 
magnetism, and freely suspended, of 
taking a position at right angles to 
the magnetic meridian. 

diameter (di-am'e-ter), n. the length 
of a line passing through the center 
of any object from one side to the 
other ; the distance through the 
low^er part of the shaft of a column. 

diametrical (-a-met'ri-kal), adj. 
pertaining to a diameter ; directly 
adverse or opposite. 

diametrically (-li), adv. in a dia- 
metrical manner. 

diamond (di'a-mund), n. a gem of 
extreme hardness and refractive 
power : a rhomboidal figure ; a play- 
ing card with one or more lozenge- 
shaped figures ; a glass cutter's tool ; 
the smallest kind of type generally 
used (see type) : adj. resembling a 
diamond. 

diamond-drill (-dril), n. a rod or 
tube furnished at the end with dia- 
monds for boring very hard rock. _ 

diapason (-a-pa'zon), n. the entire 
compass of a voice or instrument ; 
a recognized musical standard of 
pitch ; the foundation stops of an 
organ. 

diaper ('a-per), n. linen cloth woven 
in geometric patterns ; a napkin ; 
surface decoration of one or more 
simple figures repeated : v.t. to varie- 
^gate or embroidery work in diaper. 

diapliane (-af'a-ne), n. the art of 
imitating stained glass by trans- 
parencies on plain glass. 

diaphanous (-af'a-nus), adj. tranS' 
parent. 

diaplnantograpli (-fan'to-graf), n. 
an instrument for drawing objects 
from their reflection on a sheet of 
glass. 

diaphonic, same as diacoustic. 

diaphoretic (-fo-ret'ik), adj. pro- 
ducing perspiration : n. a sudorific 
medicine. 
I diaphragm ('a-fram), n. the mid- 
1 riff, which divides the chest from 



*Ue, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book: hue. hnt : fl^i^ik. f^"^^. 



lia 



261 



did 



the abdomen ; any substance that in- 
tercepts or divides. 
diapliy lactic (-fi-lak'tik), n. a pre- 
ventive against disease. 
diarist ('a-rist), n. one who keeps a 

diary. 
diarrhoea (di-a-re'a), n. a morbidly 
persistent purging or looseness of 
the bowels. 

diary ('a-ri), n. [pi. diaries (-riz)], 
a register of daily occurrences or 
duties ; a book for daily memoranda. 

diastase ('a-stas) , n. a soluble nitrog- 
enous ferment formed in germinat- 
ing grain and animal fluids, and 
having the property of converting 
starch and dextrine into sugar. 

diastole (-as'to-le), n. the rhythmical 
expansion and dilatation of the 
heart and arteries in beating ; the 
lengthening of a syllable naturally 
short. 

dlastyle ('a-stil), n. an arrangement 
of columns in which the interspace 
between each measures 3 or 4 diam- 
eters of the shaft. 

diatonic (-a-ton'ik), adj. designat- 
ing the regular tones of a key or 
scale. 

diatribe ('a-trib), n. a continued dis- 
course or disputation ; a strain of 
violent abuse ; bitter criticism. 

dibber (dib'er), n. an instrument 
with a sharp steel point : used by 
gardeners, miners, &c. 

dibble (dib'l), n. a gardening tool 
for making holes in the earth : v.t. 
plant with a dibble; v.i. dip bait 
gently into the water. 

dice (dis), n.pl. small cubes marked 
on the sides with one to six spots : 
used in games of chance : v.i. to 
play with dice : v.t. to decorate with 
woven patterns to resemble cubes ; 
cut into cubes. 

dichroism ('kro-izm), n. the proper- 
ty by which a crystallized body ex- 
hibits different colors according to 
the direction of light transmitted 
through it. 

dicbromism (-mizm), n. color blind- 
ness characterized by inability to see 
more than one of the three primary 
colors. 

dicing (di'sing) , n. gaming with dice ; 



stamped leather ornamented with 
squares. 
dicker ('er), v.i. to barter or trade 
on a small scale. 

dicky (dik'i), n, [pi. dickies ('iz)], 
a small separate shirt front ; a seat 
at the back of a coach ; a child's bib 
or pinafore ; a donkey. 

dicrotic (di-krot'ik), adj. having a 
double or secondary pulse-beat. 

dictate (dik'tat), v.t. declare with 
authority ; express orally so that an- 
other may take words down in writ- 
ing : v.i. to speak with final author- 
ity ; prescribe : n. an injunction ; 
command ; a controlling principle. 

dictation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
dictating ; the thing dictated ; au- 
thoritative utterance. 

dictator ('ter), n. one who dictates; 
one invested with absolute powers of 
government ; an ancient Roman 
magistrate with supreme authority, 
appointed in times of emergency. 

dictatorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to a dictator ; absolute ; imper- 
ious. 

dictatorially (-li), adv. in a dicta- 
torial manner. 

diction (dik'shun), n. manner of 
speaking or expression ; choice of 
words ; style. 

dictionary (-a-ri), n. [pi. diction- 
aries (-riz)], a book containing all, 
or the principal, words in a lan- 
guage, arranged alphabetically, with 
their meanings, derivations, &c. ; a 
lexicon ; vocabulary ; wordbook. 

dictum ('tum), n. [pi. dicta ('ta)ly 
a dogmatic or authoritative asser- 
tion ; aphorism. 

did, p.t. of do. 

didactic (di-dak'tik), adj. teaching; 
instructing ; explanatory. Also di- 
dactical. 

didactically (-al-li), adv. in a 'di- 
dactic manner. 

didactics ('tiks), n.pl. the art of 
teaching. 

didactyl (-dak'til), adj. having two 
digits, as fingers or toes : n. an ani- 
mal with only two toes on each foot. 

diddle (did'l), v.t. to overreach or 
cheat : v.i. to totter like a child ; 
trifle. 



^te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not; boon„ 
book ; hue, hut ; think, t/ien. 



did 



262 



die 



didecahedral ( di-dek-a-he'dral ) , adj. 
having the form of a ten-sided prism 
with a five-sided base. 

dido (di'do), n. a caper. 

didodecahedral ( -do-dek-a-he'dral ) , 
adj. having the form of a prism w^ith 
12 sides and a 6-sided base. 

didymous (did'i-mus), adj. growing 
in pairs ; paired or double. 

die (di), v.i. \_p.t. & p.p. died, p.pr. 
dying], to cease to live; expire; 
perish ; wither ; become extinct 
gradually ; faint ; sink, languish 
with pleasure. 

die (di), n. [pi. dies (diz)], a small 
cube {pi. dice, see dice) ; a piece of 
engraved metal with a device used 
for coining money, medals, &c. ; a 
tool used in cutting the threads of 
screws or bolts, &c. ; a kind of 
knife used by envelope makers, and 
in shoe factories : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
died, p.pr. dying], to mold, stamp, 
cut with a die. 

dielectric (di-e-lek'trik), adj. non- 
conducting : n. any medium, as glass, 
&c., that transmits electric force by 
induction. 

dieresis (-er'e-sis), n. a sign ( • •) 
placed over the second of two sepa- 
rate vowels to show that each has a 
separate sound in pronunciation, as 
aerated ; a division in a line or 
verse ; cell-division. Also diaeresis. 

diesis (di'e-sis), n. the double dagger 

(t) used in printing; the difference 

^between a greater and less semitone. 

diet (di'et), n. solid or liquid food; 
manner of living, with special refer- 
ence to food ; a deliberative conven- 
tion ; a national or legislative assem- 
.bly. 

dietary (di'e-ta-ri), adj. pertaining 
to the rules of diet : n.pl. dietaries 
(-riz)], a certain fixed allowance of 
food ; system of diet. 

dietetic (di-e-tet'ik), adj. regulating 
food or diet. Also dietetical : n.pl. 
that branch of hygiene which relates 
to rules of diet. 

dieting (di'et-ing), n. the act of eat- 
ing according to regimen. 

differ (dif'er), v.i. to be dissimilar; 
be distinguished from, or have dif- 
ferent properties or qualities ; dis- 
agree ; contend. 



difference ('er-ens), n. the act or 
state of being unlike; disparity; 
distinction ; controversy ; quarrel ; 
on the Stock Exchange, the margin 
payable on settlement : v.t. to distin- 
guish between ; discriminate ; take 
the difference of. 

different ('er-ent), adj. unlike; dis- 
tinct. 

differentia (-en'shi-a), n. [pi. dif- 
ferentiae (-e)], that which distin- 
guishes one species from another of 
the same genus. 

differential ('shal), adj. indicating 
a difference ; having different veloci- 
ties. 

differential calculus (kal'ku-lus), 
n. the method of finding an infinite- 
ly small quantity which shall equal 
a given quantity when taken in- 
finite times. 

differential duties (dti'tiz), w.pi 
duties levied unequally on similat 
produce from foreign countries. 

differentially (-11), adv. in a differ- 
ential manner. 

differentiate (-en'shi-at), v.t. to 
constitute a difference between ; 
specialize in structure or functions : 
v.i. to acquire a distinctive and sepa- 
rate character. 

differentiation (-a'shun), n. the act 
^of differentiating ; specialization. 

difficult ('i-kult), adj. not easy; 
arduous ; perplexing ; not easily 
managed. 

difficulty (-kul-ti), n. [pi. difliculties 
(-tiz)], something that requires la- 
bor or skill to overcome ; scruple ; 
objection ; controversy : pi. compli- 
cation of affairs ; embarrassment ; 
perplexity. 

diffidence ('i-dens), n. lack of self- 
reliance ; modest reserve. 

diffident ('i-dent), adj. lacking self- 
reliance ; shy ; modest. 

diffraction (dif-rak' or di-frak'shun) , 
n. the act of turning aside a ray of 
light when passing the edge of an 
opaque body. 

diffractive ('tiv), adj. pertaining to 
diffraction. 

diffuse (dif-uz'), v.t. to pour out and 
spread all around ; scatter ; circwi- 
late: adj. (dif-us') widely spread; 
verbose ; redundant. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 






^if 



263 



dil 



diffusibility (-i-bil'i-ti). n. the ca- 
pability of being diffused. 

diffusible ('i-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing diffused. 

diffusion ( dif -u'zhun ) , n. the act of 
diffusing ; a spreading abroad ; the 
passing by osmosis through animal 
membranes. 

diffusive (-us'iv), adj. capable of dif- 
fusing ; spreading every way ; wide- 
ly reaching. 

dig (dig), v.i. Ip.t. & p.p. dug, or 
digged; p.pr. digging], to work with 
a spade ; cast up earth ; study hard : 
-?;.#. to excavate ; break up (ground) ; 
search; thrust or force in (with 
into) : n. a poke or thrust; a plod- 
ding student. 

digest (di'jest), n. any compilation, 
abridgment, or summary of laws ar- 
ranged methodically under proper 
heads, or titles ; the Pandects of the 
Emperor Justinian ; a synopsis : v.t. 
(di-jest') to arrange methodically un- 
der proper heads or titles ; classify ; 
dissolve in the stomach by the action 
of digestive juices ; think over and 
arrange in the mind ; soften and pre- 
pare by heat : v.i. to be digested, or 
prepared by heat. 

digester ('er), n. an apparatus for 
extracting the essence of a substance 
by heat. 

digestibility (-jes-ti-biri-ti), n. the 
quality of being digestible. 

digestible ('ti-bl), adj. capable of 
being digested. 

digestion (-jes'chun), n. the act of 
digesting ; the conversion of food by 
the action of the gastric juices into 
soluble products ; mental or physical 
assimilation. 

digestive ('tiv), adj. pertaining to 
digestion. 

digger (dig'er), n. one who digs. 

Digger, n. a name of a class of Cali- 
fornian Indians who subsist chiefly 
on roots. 

digging ('ing), n. the act of excavat- 
ing : pi. a locality where mining op- 
erations, especially for gold, are car- 
ried on ; residence. 

digit (dij'it), n. a finger or toe; a 
measure (% inch) ; l-12th of the di- 

. ameter of the sun or moon ; any one 
of the Arabic numerals. 



digital ('Hal), adj. pertaining to a 
^digit. ^ 

digitalin ('i-tal-in), n. a poisonous 
crystalline alkaloid obtained from 
the leaves of the foxglove. 

Digitalis (-i-ta'lis), n. a genus of tall 
plants, the figworts, including the 
^foxglove. 

digitate ('i-tat), adj. finger-shaped. 

digitigrade ('i-ti-grad), adj. walk- 
ing on the toes, as cats, dogs, &c. 

dignified (dig'ni-fid) , adj. invested, 
or marked, with dignity; noble; 
stately. 

dignify ('ni-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dig- 
nified, p.pr. dignifying], to invest 
with, or exalt in, dignity or rank ; 
confer honor upon ; elevate ; ennoble. 

dignitary (-ta-ri), n. [pi. dignitaries 
(-riz)], one who holds a position of 
dignity or honor ; an ecclesiastic who 
holds rank above a priest or canon. 

dignity ('ni-ti), it. [pi. dignities 
(-tiz)], elevation of rank; degree of 
excellence ; ^ moral worth ; qualities 
suited to inspire or command re- 
spect and reverence. 

digraph (dl'graf), n. combination of 
two sounds or characters to repre- 
sent one simple sound, as read. Also 
digram. 

digress (di- or di-gres'), v.i. to turn 
aside; deviate from the main sub- 
ject or line of argument ; wander. 

digression (-gresh'un), n. the act of 
digressing; the angular distance of 
the planets Mercury and Venus from 
the sun. 

digressive (-gres'iv), adj. character- 
ized by digression. 

digressively (-li), adv. in a digres- 
sive manner. 

dihedral (-he'dral), adj. having two 
plane faces or sides. 

dike (dik), n. an embankment or cut- 
ting of earth, especially one thrown 
up as a protection against the sea, 
floods, &c. ; a mass of igneous intru- 
sive rock. Also dyke : v.t. to sur- 
round, protect, or inclose with a 
dike ; drain by ditching. 

dilapidate (di-lap'i-dat), -y.f. to bring 
into partial ruin by neglect or mis- 
use : v.i. to become dilapidated. 

dilapidation ('i-da'shun), n. a state 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



dil 



264 



of partial ruin, especially through 
neglect or misuse. 

dilatability (di- or dl-la-ta-biri-ti ) , 
n. the quality of being dilatable. 

dilatable (-lat'a-bl), adj. expansive. 

dilatation (-ta'shun), n. expansion. 

dilate (-laf), v.t. to enlarge or ex- 
pand in all directions ; distend : vA. 
to be extended or enlarged ; speak 
fully and copiously. 

dilator ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, dilates ; a surgical instrument 
for opening or expanding an orifice, 
&c. ; a muscle that dilates the parts 
on which it acts. 

dilatory (dil'a-to-ri), adj. causing, or 
tending to cause, delay ; slow ; inac- 
tive. 

dilemma (di- or di-lem'a), n. an 
awkward or vexatious situation ; an 
argument which presents an antag- 
onist with alternatives, each of which 
is fatal to his cause. 

dilettante (-e-tan'te), n. [pi. dilet- 
tanti (-ti)], one who pursues the 
fine arts, literature, or science, only 
for amusement ; an amateur : op- 
posed to connoisseur : adj. pertain- 
ing to dilettanti, or dilettantism. 

dilettantism ('tizm), n. the charac- 
teristics of dilettanti ; amateurish 
pursuit of art, literature, &c. (used 
in a disparaging sense). 

diligence ('i-jens), n. carefal atten- 
tion ; assiduity ; industry ; a French 
stage-coach ( de-la-zhans' ) . 

dill (dil), n. an herb belonging to the 
parsley family, with an aromatic 
fruit. 

dilly-dally (dil'i-dal'i), v.i. [p.t. & 
p.p. -dallied, p.pr. -dallying], to loi- 
ter ; trifle. 

dilute (di- or di-lut'), v.t. to thin or 
weaken by the admixture of another 
fluid, especially water : weaken : v.i. 
^to become thinner. 

dilution (-lu'shun), n. the act of di- 
luting ; a weak liquid. 

diluvial (-lu'vi-al), adj. pertaining 
to, produced by, or resulting from, a 
^deluge or flood. 

dim (dim), adj. [comp. dimmer, su- 
perl. dimmest], somewhat dark; 
hazy ; obscure ; faint ; tarnished ; ill- 
defined : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dimmed, 
p.pr. dimming], to render obscure or 



less distinct ; cloud ; tarnish ; dull t 
v.i. to become dim ; fade. 

dime (dim), n. a silver coin = 1-lOth 
of a dollar, or ten cents : adj. of the 
value of a dime. 

dime novel (nov'el), n. a term ap- 
plied to cheap sensational literature. 

dimension (di-men'shun), n. the size 
or measured extent of a body; cubic 
capacity ; the literal factor of an 
algebraic product or term : pi. mag- 
nitude or importance. 

dimensional (-al), pertaining to di- 
mension. 

diminish (di-min'ish), v.t. to make 
less; reduce in bulk or amount; 
weaken ; impair ; detract from ; re- 
duce by a semitone : v.i. to lessen ; 
dwindle. 

diminution ( dim-i-nti'shun ) , n. the 
act of making less ; reduction ; les- 
sening. 

diminutive (di-min'ti-tiv), adj. be- 
low the average size ; little ; cou' 
tracted ; narrow ; n. a word formed 
from another to express the sense of 
littleness. 

dimissory (dim'is-o-ri), adj. sending 
to the jurisdiction of another ; giv- 
ing leave to depart. 

dimity ('i-ti), n. [pL dimities (-tiz)], 
a cotton cloth of thick texture with 
a ridged surface. 

dimorpliism (di-m6r'fizm), n. the 
quality of assuming, crystallizing, or 
existing in, two forms. 

dimorphous ('fus), adj. existing in 
two forms. Also dimorphic. 

dimple (dim'pl), n. a small depres- 
sion or hollow in the cheek or chin ; 
an indentation : v.i. to form dim- 
ples ; sink in slight depressions : v.t. 
to mark with dimples. 

dimply Cpli), adj. full of, or marked 
with, dimples. Also dimpled. 

din (din), n. a continued and violent 
noise: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dinned, p.pr. 
dinning], to stun with noise; press 
with clamor or persistent repetition : 
v.i. make a clamor. 

dine (din), v.i. to take dinner: v.t. to 
give or provide a dinner for ; feed. 

ding (ding), v.i. to sound, as a bell, 
with a continuous monotonous tone : 
v.t. to impress by noisy repetition. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, but ; think, then. 




Sln.it-liaiiL(i riiL;lisli greyhound 
- 3 Coarse-haired Scotch greyhoun 
6. Short-haired dachshund 

Black field-spaniel 



terrier 



— 2. Long-haired Russian greyhound. 

d 4. English fox-hound. — 5. box 

7. Long-haired daclishund. — 8. 



din 



265 



dir 



ding-dong ('dong), n. the sound of 
a metallic body produced by blows, 
as a bell. 

dinghy (ding'ji), n. the smallest boat 
of a man-of-war ; an East Indian 
ferry-boat ; a small boat without 
outriggers. Dinghey, dingy. 

dingily (-li), adv. in a dingy manner. 

dingle (ding'gl), n. a narrow hollow 
between hills ; the enclosed weather- 
porch of a house. 

dingle-dangle (-dang'gl),^^?^. swing- 
ing backwards and forwards ; loose- 
ly pendent. 

dingo (ding'go), n. the Australian 
wild dog. 

dingy (din'ji), adj. dark-colored; 
dirty. 

^nner ('er), n. the chief meal of the 
day ; a dinner party. 

dint (dint), n. a mark left by a blow 
or pressure; force or power (with 
of) : v.t. to make a mark on or in. 

diocesan (di-os'e-san, or di'o-se-san), 
adj. of, or pertaining to, a diocese : 
n. a bishop._ 

diocese ('o-ses), n. [pi. dioceses (-se- 
sez ) ] , a bishop's see ; a bishopric. 

dioptase (-op'tas), n. a vitreous em- 
erald green ore of copper. 

dioptric ('trik), adj. assisting vision 
by means of the refraction of light 
in viewing distant objects. Also 
dioptrical. 

diorama (-ra'ma), n. an exhibition 
of pictures on movable screens, 
viewed through a large opening in a 
darkened room. 

diorite (-rit), n. a granite-like rock 
consisting of triclinic feldspar and 
hornblende. 

diosmose (-os'mos), n. the mingling 
of fluids through a permeable mem- 
brane. Also diosmosis. 

dioxide (-oks'id), n. an oxide con- 
sisting of 2 atoms of oxygen and 1 
atom of a metal. 

dip (dip),.i;.*. [p.t. & p.p. dipped, 
dipt, p.pr. dipping], to plunge for a 
short time into a fluid ; baptize by 
immersion ; lower and raise quickly : 
v.i. to immerse one's self ; enter 
slightly into anything ; incline down- 
wards ; sink : n. the act of dipping ; 
the inclination of the magnetic nee- 
dle, or the angle made by it ; the 



angle of inclination of strata to the 
horizon. 

diphtheria (dif- or dip-the'ri-a), n. 
a contagious throat-disease charac- 
terized by the formation of a false 
membrane in the air-passages. Also 
diphtheritis. 

diphthong ('thong), n. the union of 
two vowel sounds pronounced in one 
syllable. 

diploma (di-plo'ma), n. a writing on 
parchment or paper under sign and 
seal, conferring some honor, author- 
ity, &c. 

diplomacy ('ma-si, or -plom'a-si), n. 
[pi. diplomacies (-siz)], the art of 
conducting negotiations between two 
states or nations, or of transacting 
international business ; skill in con- 
ducting negotiations. 

diplomat (dip'lo-mat), n. a diplo- 
matist. 

diplomatic (-mat'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to diplomacy ; characterized by 
special tact in the management of 
affairs. 

diplomatically (-al-li), adv. with 
diplomatic skill ; with tact. 

diplomatist ('ma-tist), n. one who 
is skilled in diplomacy. 

dipper (dip'er), n. one who, or that 
which, dips ; a water-fowl. 

dipsomania (-so-ma'ni-a), n. a mor- 
bid and uncontrollable craving for 
alcoholic drinks. 

dipsomaniac ('ni-ak), n. one who 
suffers from dipsomania : adj. pert, 
to dipsomania. 

dipteral ('te-ral) , adj. furnished with 
a double row of columns, as in tem- 
ples ; dipterous. 

dipterous ('te-rus), adj. two- winged. 

dire (dir), adj. dreadful; mournful. 

direct (di-rekf), adj. straight; not 
circuitous ; open ; plain ; straightfor- 
ward ; not of collateral descent; not 
retrograde : v.t. to aim or drive in a 
straight line ; guide or show ; point 
out or determine with authority : v.i. 
to act as a guide. 

direction (-rek'shun), n. relative po- 
sition ; a command ; order ; guid- 
ance ; the address of a person on a 
package, &c. 

directly ('li), adv. in a direct or 
straight line; immediately; openly. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; booiif 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



dir 



266 



dii> 



directness ('nes), n. the quality of 
being direct; freedom from ambigu- 
ity. 

director ('ter), n. one who directs 
or superintends ; one appointed to 
transact the affairs of a company, 
&c. ; a spiritual guide or adviser ; a 
surgical instrument. 

directorate ('to-rat), n. the office of 
a director ; a body or board of direc- 
tors. 

directory ('to-ri), n. [pi. directories 
(-riz)], a book containing the 
names, addresses, and occupations 
of the residents of a place ; a body 
of directors ; a book of ecclesiastical 
rules or directions for divine wor- 
ship : adj. guiding ; commanding. 

direful (dir'fool), adj. dreadful; dis- 
mal, 

direfully (-li), adv. in a dire man- 
ner. 

dirge (derj), n. a funeral hymn. 

dirigible (dir'i-ji-ble), adj. that may 
be guided or steered : as, a dirigiMe 
balloon. 

dirk (derk), n. a dagger. 

dirt (dert), n. any foul or filthy sub- 
stance ; garden earth. 

dirtily ('ti-li), adv. filthily; meanly. 

dirtiness (-nes), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being dirty. 

dirty ('i), adj. impure; soiled; mor* 
ally unclean ; disgusting ; muddy ; 
sleety ; rainy : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dir- 
tied, p.pr. dirtying], to soil; sully; 
tarnish. 

dis-, prefix, signifies separation, pri- 
vation or negation, 

disability (dis-a-bil'i-ti), n. [pZ. dis- 
abilities (-tiz)], lack of physical, 
intellectual, or social fitness ; legal 
incapacity, 

disable (-a'bl), v.t. to deprive of 
power ; disqualify ; impoverish ; in- 
capacitate, 

disabuse (-buz'), v.t. to clear from 
mistakes or false conceptions ; set 
right, 

disafPect (-a-fekt'), v.t. to fill with 
discontent ; alienate the affections 
^from ; disturb the functions of, 

disaffection (-fek'shun), n. aliona- 

^tion of affection ; disloyalty ; ill-will, 

disagreeable ('a-bl), adj. exciting 

repugnance or displeasure : n. that 



which is displeasing or unsatisfac- 
tory. 

disagreeableness (-bl-nes), n. un- 
pleasantness. 

disagreeably (-bli), adv. in a disa- 
greeable manner. 

disappear (-a-per'), v.i. to pass 
away ; vanish. 

disappearance ('ans), n. removal 
from sight. 

disappoint (-point'), v.t. to thwart 
or frustrate the hopes of ; fail to 
keep an appointment with. 

disappointment ('ment), n. defeat 
or failure of expectation ; state of 
depression caused by failure, &c, 

disarm (-arm'), v.t. to deprive of 
arms ; reduce to a peace footing ; 
render harmless ; subdue, 

disarmament (-arm'a-ment), n. the 
act of disarming; reduction to a 
peace footing. 

disarray (-ra'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dis- 
arrayed, p.pr. disarraying], throw 
iUto disorder ; rout : n. negligent or 
insufiicient dress ; confusion, 

disaster (-as'ter), n. sl sudden or un- 
expected misfortune ; a serious acci- 
dent. 

disastrous ('trus), adj. occasioning 
loss or misfortune ; unfortunate ; ca- 
lamitous, 

disband (-band') , v.t. to dismiss from 
military service ; break up : v.i. to 
be dismissed. 

disbar (-bar'), -y.*. [p.t. & p.p. dis- 
barred, p.pr. disbarring], to deprive 
a lawyer of his right to practice. 

disburden (-ber'dn), v.t. to remove 
a burden from ; relieve of anything 
annoying or oppressive : v.i. to ease 
one's mind. 

disburse (-bers'), v.t. to expend, 

disbursement ('ment), n. money ex- 
pended. 

disc, another form of disk. 

discard (-kard'), v.t. to cast off as 
useless ; dismiss from service ; reject 
as useless : v.i. in card-playing, to 
throw out cards not required. 

discern (diz-ern'), v.t. to distinguish 
mentally, or with the eye ; judge or 
decide between : v.i. to make distinc- 
tion, 

discernible ('i-bl), adj. perceptible. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon^ 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



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discernment ('ment), n. acuteness 
in judgment ; penetration ; discrim- 
ination. 
discharge (-charj'), v.t. unload; dis- 
embark ; free from any burden, im- 
pediment, or obligation ; exonerate 
or acquit ; free from restraint or 
custody ; let fly ; explode ; perform 
(a trust or duty) : v.i. to send out 
liquid matter : n. the act of discharg- 
ing ; that which is discharged ; an 
explosion ; a flowing or issuing out ; 
dismission from office or employ- 
ment ; liberation. 
disciple (di-si'pl), n. one who re- 
ceives the teaching of another ; a 
scholar ; a follower. 
disciplinable (dis'i-plin-a-bl), adj. 
capable of instruction, or liable to 
disciplinary punishment. 
disciplinarian (-pli-na'ri-an), adj. 
pertaining to discipline : n. one who 
advocates, or enforces, strict disci- 
pline. 
disciplinary ('i-plin-a-ri), adj. per- 
taining to discipline. 
I discipline ('i-plin), n. mental or 
moral training ; education ; subjec- 
tion to control ; military regulation ; 
chastisement ; an instrument of pun- 
ishment : iKt. to train to obedience 
or efficiency ; regulate ; chastise. 
disclaim (-klam'), v.t. to disown; re- 
j pudiate. 

' disclaimer ('er), n. disavowal; de- 

■ nial. 
disclose (-kioz'), v.t. to uncover; re- 
veal. 

disclosure ('iir), the act of revealing 
anything secret ; discovery ; uncov- 
ering. 

discoid ('koid), adj. disk-shaped. 

discolor (-kul'er), v.t. to change from 
the natural color ; give a false com- 
plexion to ; stain. 

discomfit (-kum'fit), v.t. to defeat; 
J rout ; frustrate ; thwart. 

■ discomfiture ('fi-ttir), w. defeat ; dis- 
T appointment. 

discommode (-kom-od'), v.t. to in- 
convenience. 

discompose (-kom-poz'), v.t. disar- 
range ; vex ; ruflie. 

discomposure ('ur), n. agitation; 
unrest. 

disconcert (-kon-sert'), v.t. to dis- 



turb the composure or self-posses- 
sion of ; frustrate. 

disconsolate ('so-lat), adj. hope- 
less ; sad. 

disconsolately (-li), adv. hopeless- 
ly; sadly. 

discord ('kord), n. disagreement; a 
confused noise ; a combination of 
discordant sounds ; disagreement in 
coloring or parts. 

discordant ('ant), adj. at variance; 
inharmonious ; jarring ; incongruous. 

discount (dis'kount), n. a sum de- 
ducted or allowed for prompt pay- 
ment of an account ; a deduction 
made according to the current rate 
of interest: v.t. (dis-kount') to al- 
low a discount on ; advance money, 
deducting a certain rate per cent. ; 
make a deduction from ; anticipate. 

discourage (-kur'aj), v.t. to deprive 
or lessen the courage of ; dishearten ; 
deter. 

discouragement ('ment), n. the act 
of depriving of confidence ; that 
which destroys courage. 

discourse (-kors'), n. speech or lan- 
guage ; conversation ; a treatise or 
dissertation ; sermon : v.t. & v.i. to 
talk or converse ; utter ; communi- 
cate ideas orally. 

discover (dis-kuv'er), v.t. to bring to 
light; reveal; find (something previ- 
ously unknown). 

discovery (-i), n. [pi. discoveries 
(-iz)], a bringing to light or mak- 
ing known, especially for the first 
time ; disclosure. 

discreet (-kref), adj. prudent; cir- 
cumspect. 

discrepancy (-krep'an-si), n. incon- 
sistency ; difference. Also discrep- 
ance. 

discrepant ('ant), adj. disagreeing; 
different. 

discrete (-kref), adj. separate from 
others ; distinct ; not continuous. 

discretion (-kresh'un), ci. prudence; 
judgment ; sagacity ; skill. 

discriminate (-krim'i-nat), v.t. to 
observe or mark the differences be- 
tween ; select : v.i. to make a differ- 
ence or distinction. 

discrimination (-i-na'shun) , n. pow- 
er of penetration ; faculty of nice 
discernment. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; booHp 
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discriminative ('i-na-tiv), acZy. char- 
acteristic. 

discriminator ('i-na-ter), n. one 
who discriminates. 

discursive (-ker'siv), adj. desultory. 

discursively (-li), adv. in a discur- 
sive manner. 

discursiveness (-nes), n. digression. 

discuss (dis-kus'), v.t. to debate; agi- 
tate; reason upon; test (viands). 

discussion (-kush'un), n. argument; 
debate ; ventilation of a Question. 

disdain (-dan'), v.t. to think unvror- 
thy ; deem unsuitable ; look upon 
with contempt or scorn : n. con- 
tempt ; haughty, or indignant scorn. 

disdainful ('fool), adj. contemptu- 
ous. 

disdainfully (-11), adv. in a disdain- 
ful manner. 

disease (di-zez'), n. any mental, 
moral, or physical disorder ; mal- 
ady ; illness : v.t. to cause disease in ; 
derange. 

disembogue _(dis-em-bog'), v.t. to 
pour out or discharge at the mouth : 
said of a river : v.i. to find a vent, 
pass across, or out, at the mouth of 
a river. 

disemboAvel (-bou'el), v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. disembovv^eled, p.pr. disembowel- 
ing], to deprive of bowels ; wound in 
the abdomen, so that the bowels pro- 
trude. 

disfiguration (-fig-ti-ra'shun), 7i. de- 
formity. 

disfigure ('•fig'tir), v.t. to injure the 
shape, form, or beauty of ; deform. 

disfranchise (-fran'chiz), v.t. to de- 
prive of electoral or municipal priv- 
ileges, especially to withdraw the 
power of voting in elections. 

disgorge (-gorj'), v.t. to force out of 
the mouth or stomach with violence ; 
surrender what has been unlawfully 
obtained ; make restitution of. 

disgrace (-gras'), n. the state of be- 
ing out of favor ; ignominy ; shame ; 
dishonor : v.t. to bring shame, re- 
proval, or dishonor upon ; dismiss 
with dishonor. 

disgraceful ('fool), adj. character- 
ized by, or occasioning, disgrace. 

disgracefully (-li), adv. in a dis- 
graceful manner. 

disguise (-giz'), v.t. to change the 



appearance of, as by an unusuai 
dress ; counterfeit ; conceal : n. a 
dress designed to conceal the iden- 
tity of the wearer ; counterfeit ap- 
pearance ; false pretense. 

disgust (-gust'), v.t. to cause aver- 
sion in, or repugnance to ; ofEend the 
moral sense of : n. strong aversion 
or repugnance. 

dish (dish), n. a broad hollow vessel 
with a rimmed edge ; food served in 
a dish : v.t. to put into a dish for 
serving at table (often with up) ; 
frustrate. 

dishabille (dis-a-bil'), n. undress or 
negligent attire. Also deshabille. 

dishearten (-har'tn), v.t. to discour- 
age. 

dishevel (-shev'el), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
disheveled, p.pr. disheveling], to dis- 
order (the hair 7 or cause it to hang 
negligently : v.i. to be spread in dis- 
order. 

dishonor (-on'er), v.t. to deprive of 
honor ; bring shame upon the char- 
acter of ; lessen the reputation of ; 
violate the chastity of ; refuse, or_ 
fail, to pay (a bill or note when due 
and presented) : n. disgrace; igno- 
miny ; shame ; violation of dignity. 

dishonorable (-a-bl), adj. discredit- 
able ; shameful ; ignominious. 

dishonorably (-li), adv. in a dishon- 
orable manner. 

disintegrate (-in'te-grat), v.t. to 
break up into component parts by 
mechanical or atmospheric agency ; 
v.i. separate. 

disintegration (-gra'shun), n. the 
act of disintegrating ; wearing down 
of rocks by atmospheric influences ; 
separation. 

disjunctive (-jungk'tiv), adj. serv- 
ing, or tending, to disjoin or sepa- 
rate : n. a disjunctive conjunction 
which connects grammatically two 
words or clauses disjoined in mean- 
ing. 

disk (disk), n. an ancient quoit; a 
flat circular plate, or anything re- 
sembling it; the whole surface of a 
leaf. Also disc. 

dislike (dis-lik'), n. a strong feeling 
of repugnance or aversion ; disrel- 
ish ; antipathy : v.t. to regard with 
aversion ; be displeased with. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not : boon< 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



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dislocate ('lo-kat), v.t. to put out of 
^ joint ; interrupt the continuity of. 

'dislocation (-ka'shun), n. the act of 
dislocating ; a joint put out of its 
socket ; a displacement of stratified 
rocks. 

dislodge (-loj'), v.t. to remove or 
drive out from a place of lodgment ; 
drive from a hiding place or chosen 
station. 

dismal (diz'mal), adj. gloomy; de- 
pressing ; dark ; horrid ; sorrov^ful. 

dismally (-li), adv. in a dismal man- 
ner. 

dismantle (dis-mant'l), v.t. to strip 
or divest of furniture, equipment, or 
means of defense ; raze ; demolish. 

dismay (-ma'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dis- 
mayed, p.pr. dismaying] , to terrify ; 
dispirit ; discourage ; intimidate : n. 
loss of courage through fear ; a con- 
dition of terror. 

dismember (-mem'ber), v.t. to cut 
or tear limb from limb ; sever into 
parts and distribute ; dislocate ; sev- 
er ; divide. 

dismiss (-mis'), v.t. to send away; 
permit to depart ; discharge from of- 
fice or employment ; efface from 
memory. 

dismissal ('al), n. the act of dis- 
missing ; removal from office, &c. 

disorder (-or'der), n. want of order 
or arrangement ; lack of system ; ir- 
regularity ; breach of public order ; 
riot ; mental or physical disease : v.t. 
to throw into confusion ; disturb the 
regular mental or physical func- 
tions ; derange ; ruffle. 

disordered ('derd), p.adj. disorder- 
ly ; irregular ; loose ; unruly ; dis- 
reputable. 

disorderly (-li), adj. confused; un- 
methodical ; turbulent ; unruly. 

disparage (-par'aj), v.t. treat with 
contempt ; criticise unjustly ; depre- 
ciate ; belittle. 

disparagement (-ment), n. the act 
of disparaging ; depreciation ; re- 
proach ; disgrace ( often with to ) . 

disparity (-par'i-ti), n. \_pl. dispari- 
ties (-tiz)], inequality of rank, sta- 
tion, degree, or excellence ; dispro- 
portion. 

dispart (-part'), n. the difference be- 
tween the thickness of the muzzle of 



2i piece of ordnance and its breech. 

dispassionate (-pash'un-at), adj. 
free from passion ; calm ; unpreju- 
diced ; impartial. 

dispassionately (-li), adv. in a dis- 
passionate manner. 

dispatch, same as despatch. 

dispel (dis-pel'), v.t. \_p.t. & p.p. dis- 
pelled, p.pr. dispelling], to drive 
away by, or as by, scattering; dis- 
perse ; dissipate. 

dispensable (-pen'sa-bl), adj. that 
for which a dispensation may be 
granted. 

dispensary ('sa-ri), n. [pi. dis- 
pensaries (-riz)], a place where 
medicines are kept and made up ; a 
charitable institution for providing 
the poor with medical advice and 
medicines. 

dispensation (-sa'shun), n. the act 
of dispensing ; distribution ; that 
which is appointed or bestowed by a 
higher power ; the particular way by 
which, at different periods, God has 
made known His dealings with man- 
kind ; the suspending of a rule or 
law in some particular case ; a li- 
cense granted from the pope, or by 
a bishop. 

dispense (dis-pens'), v.t. to deal out 
in portions ; distribute ; give forth 
effusively ; excuse : v.i. to give dis- 
^pensation ; distribute medicines. 

dispermous (di-sper'mus), adj. two- 
seeded. 

disperse (dis-pers'), v.t. to scatter 
in different directions or parts ; dif- 
fuse ; spread ; cause to vanish : v.i. 
to separate ; go to different parts ; 
vanish out of sight. 

dispersion (-per'shun), n. the act of 
dispersing ; the separation of light 
into different colored rays in passing 
through a prism. 

dispersive ('siv), adj. tending to dis- 
perse. 

dispirit (-pir'it), v.t. to depress the 
spirits of ; dishearten ; render cheer- 
less. 

displace (-plas'), v.t. to put out of 
place ; disorder ; depose from office 
or dignity. 

displacement ('ment), n. the act of 
displacing ; substitution ; apparent 
change of position; the weight of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nQrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue. hut ; think, then. 



dis 



270 



dis 



water displaced by a solid body im- 
mersed in it. 

display (-pla'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dis- 
played, p.pr. displaying], to spread 
out ; unfold ; exhibit ; force into no- 
tice ; manifest mentally or physical- 
ly : v.i. to make a display. 

displeasure (dis-plezh'tir), n. annoy- 
ance ; vexation ; distaste ; pique. 

disport (-port'), v.t. to amuse or di- 
vert (with self) ; to display gaily: 
v.i. to play. 

disposable (-poz'a-bl), adj. free to 
^be employed ; subject to disposal. 

disposal ('al), n. arrangement; or- 
der ; control ; right of bestowing. 

dispose (-poz'), v.t. to place; ar- 
range ; order ; distribute ; adapt ; in- 
cline. 

disposition (-izh'un), n. the act of 
disposing ; order ; method ; arrange- 
ment ; tendency ; natural tempera- 
ment. 

disputable ('pti-ta-bl), adj. liable to 
be disputed ; called in question. 

disputation (-ta'shun), n. a verbal 
controversy ; an altercation. 

disputatious ('shus), adj. conten- 
tious. 

dispute (dis-put'), v.i. to debate; 
argue : v.t. contend for by words or 
actions ; express doubt of ; contro- 
vert : n. a controversy ; altercation ; 
quarrel ; contest. 

disquisition (-kwi-zish'un), n. a sys- 
tematic investigation or discussion 
of some subject ; an elaborate essay. 

disrate (-rat'), v.t. to degrade or 
lower in rank, as a petty officer. 

disruption (-rup'shun), w. forcible 
separation ; breach. 

disruptive ('tiv), adj. causing dis- 
ruption. 

diss (dis), n. a reedy Algerian grass. 

dissatisfaction (-sat-is-f ak'shun ) , 
ti. state of being discontented ; dis- 
pleasure. 

dissatisfy ^'is-fi), v.t. To render 
discontented ; to displease. 

dissect (-sekf), v.t. to cut in pieces; 
anatomize ; divide and examine mi- 
nutely. 

dissection (-sek'shun), n. the act of 
dissecting for critical examination. 

disseize (-sez'), v.t. to deprive of 



seizin or possession ; dispossess un- 
lawfully. 

disseizin ('in), n. the act of unlaw- 
fully dispossessing a person of an 
estate. 

dissemble (-sem'bl), v.t.. to hide un- 
der a false appearance ; give the 
semblance of something else to : v.i. 
to act the hypocrite. 

dissembling (sem'bling), n. dissimu- 
lation. 

disseminate (-sem'i-nat), v.t. to 
scatter abroad, like seed ; propagate ; 
diffuse. 

disseminator ('ter), ii. one who, or 
that which, disseminates. 

dissension (dis-sen'shun), n. strife; 
disagreement ; breach of union ; va- 
riance. 

dissent (-sent'), v.i. to disagree in 
opinion (with from) ; refuse adher- 
ence to an Established Church : n. 
difference of opinion ; refusal to ac- 
knowledge or conform to an Estab- 
lished Church. 

dissenter ('er), n. a nonconformist. 

dissentient ('shent), adj. dissenting: 
n. one who disagrees. 

dissenting (-sent'ing), p.adj. per- 
taining to, or characterized by, dis- 
sent ; separating from an Established 
Church ; pertaining to dissenters. 

dissertation (-er-ta'shun), n. a for- 
mal argumentative discourse ; trea- 
tise. 

dissever (-sev'er), v.t. to cut in two; 
disjoin ; divide ; separate. 

dissidence ('i-dens), n. disagree- 
ment. 

dissident ('i-dent), adj. not agree- 
ing, or conforming : n. one who dis- 
agrees, or dissents. 

dissilient (-sil'i-ent) , adj. springing 
asunder, or bursting open with force. 

dissimulate (-sim'ti-lat) , v.i. & v.t. 
to dissemble ; feign ; disguise. 

dissimulation (-la'shun), n. hypoc- 
risy ; false pretense ; fallacious ap- 
pearance. 

dissipate ('i-pat), v.t. to scatter com- 
pletely ; drive in different directions ; 
squander: v.i. to engage in dissipa- 
tion. 

dissipated (-ed), p.adj. scattered; 
dispersed ; characterized by dissipa- 
tion. 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, ' 
book : hue. hut ; thin!:, then. 



dis 



27i 



dis 



dissipation (-pa'shun), n. the act or 
state of being dissipated ; mental dis- 
traction ; excessive indulgence in 
luxury, especially drink or vicious 
pleasures, 

dissociate (-so'shi-at), v.t. to sepa- 
rate. 

dissolubility (-sol-u-bil'i-ti), n. the 
capacity of being dissolved. 

dissoluble ('ol-u-bl), adj. capable of 
being dissolved or converted into a 
fluid. 

dissolute ('o-lut), adj. given to vice 
or dissipation ; loose in morals or 
conduct. 

dissolution (-lu'shun), n. the act of 
dissolving or liquefying ; separation 
y'^t component parts ; separation of 
tiie soul from the body ; death ; a 
breaking up of a union of persons, 
as a society, &c. 

dissolutionism (-izm), n. the social 
theory of anarchism or nihilism. 

dissolvable (diz-ol'va-bl), adj. that 
may be dissolved. Also dissolvible. 

dissolve (-olv'), 'v.t. to liquefy; melt; 
terminate ; annul : i^i. to become 
liquefied ; waste away ; separate. 

dissonance ('6-nans), n. discord. 

dissonant (-nant), adj. discordant. 

dissuade (-wad'), v.t. to advise or 
counsel against ; divert by argument 
or persuasion. 

dissuasion (-swa'zhun), n. the act 
of dissuading ; advice or persuasion 
against a purpose or action. 

dissuasive ('siv), adj. tending to dis- 
suade : n. an argument employed to 
dissuade. 

dissyllable (-sil'jVbl), n. a word of 
two syllables. 

distaff (dis'taf), n. [pi. distaffs 
('tafs)], the staff from which flax 
is drawn in spinning. 

distance ('tans), n. the space or in- 
terval between two objects or 
points ; remoteness of time, rank, re- 
lationship or place ; interval be- 
tween two notes ; reserve of man- 
ner ; alienation : v.t. to place re- 
motely ; leave behind in a race. 

distant ('tant), adj. remote; re- 
served. 

distaste (-tast'), n. aversion of the 
palate ; dislike ; disinclination. 

distasteful ( 'fool ) , adj. unpleasant 



to the taste ; expressive of dislike. 

distastefully (-li), adv. in a dis- 
tasteful manner. 

distemper (-tem'per), v.t. to disor- 
der or disease ; derange the func- 
tions of; compound (colors) for use 
in distemper painting : n. a disease ; 
a catarrhal disease affecting young 
dogs ; a method of painting in spe- 
cially prepared opaque colors mixed 
with a binding medium soluble in 
water : used for mural decoration, 
&c. 

distend (-tend'), v.t. to stretch out 
in all directions ; expand : v.i. to 
swell. 

distention (-ten'shun), n. a swelling 
out. 

distich, ('tik), n. a couplet. 

distil (-til'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. dis- 
tilled, p.pr. distilling], to fall in 
drops ; flow gently ; trickle forth ; 
practice the art of distillation : v.t. 
to let fall in drops ; obtain by dis- 
tillation ; rectify. 

distillate ('at), n. the product of 
distillation found in the receiver of 
a distilling apparatus. 

distillation (-a'shun), n. the proc- 
ess of distilling ; the substance 
drawn by the still. 

distinct (-tingkt'), adj. separate; 
different ; clear ; plain ; unconf used. 

distinction (-tingk'shun), n. mark 
of difference or superiority ; emi- 
nence of rank or conduct ; fame ; 
discrimination. 

distinctive ('tiv), adj. marking a 
difference or distinction ; character- 
istic ; discriminating ; plain. 

distingue (dis-stan-ga'), adj. dis- 
tinguished. 

distinguisb (-ting'gwish), v.t. ta 
separate from others by some mark 
of honor or preference ; designate 
by special characteristics ; discrim- 
inate ; make known : v.i. to make a 
distinction (with hetioeen) . 

distinguished ('gwisht), p.adj. emi- 
nent ; celebrated ; conspicuous ; 
noted. 

distort (-tort'), v.t. to twist or turn 
from the natural shape or figure; 
twist ; pervert from the true mean- 
ing ; misrepresent. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mi te, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



dis 



272 



dii) 



distortion (-tor'shun), n. the act of 
distorting ; perversion ; a deformity. 

distract (-trakf), v.t. to perplex; 
harass ; confuse the mind ; bewilder ; 
derange. 

distractile ('il), adj. widely sepa- 
rated. 

distraction (-trak'shun), n. per- 
plexity ; embarrassment ; perturba- 
tion or mental distress ; insanity. 

distr active ('tiv), adj. causing dis- 
traction. 

distrain (-tran'), v.t. to seize and 
hold (goods or chattels) as security 
for payment of a debt : v.i. to levy 
a distress. 

distraint (-trant'), n. the act of dis- 
training for' debt. 

distrait (dis-tra'), adj. absent-mind- 
ed. 

distraught (dis-trawf), adj. bewil- 
dered or harassed. 

distress (dis-tres'), v.t. to inflict pain 
or suffering upon ; grieve ; harass ; 
perplex ; in law, to seize for debt : n. 
physical or mental anguish ; the act 
of distraining ; goods taken in dis- 
traint. 

distribute (-trib'tit), v.t. to deal out 
or divide ; allot ; apportion ; arrange 
according to classification ; dispose 
of separately ; separate and return 
(as types) to their respective cases. 

distribution (-tri-bti'shun), n. the 
act of distributing ; apportionment ; 
arrangement ; classification. 

distributive ('tiv), adj. pertaining 
to distribution : n. a distributive 
word. 

district ('trikt), n. a territorial di- 
vision ; circuit ; region or tract of 
country. 

distrust (-trust'), n. want of confi- 
dence, faith, or reliance ; suspicion ; 
discredit : v.t. to have no confidence 
or trust in ; doubt ; suspect. 

distrustful ('fool), adj. suspicious. 

distrustfully (-li), adv. suspicious- 

^ly. 

disturb (-terb'), v.t. to trouble ; vex; 
throw into confusion ; agitate ; dis- 
place. 

disturbance ('ans), n. the interrup- 
tion of a settled state ; uproar ; men- 
tal agitation. 



distyle ('til), n. a two-columned por- 
tico. 

disulpbate (di-sul'fat), n. a sulphate 
containing one atom of hydrogen, 
replaceable bya basic element. 

disulphide ('fid), n. a sulphide in 
which two atoms of sulphur are 
contained. 

ditch, (dich), n. a trench cut in the 
earth ; a moat : v.i. make a ditch : 
v.t. surround with a ditch ; run into 
a ditch. 

ditto ('to), n. that which has been 
said ; a duplicate : adv. as before ; 
likewise, 

ditty ('i), n. [pi. ditties ('iz)], a lit- 
tle song. 

diuretic (di-u-ret'ik), adj. promoting 
the secretion and flow of urine. 

diurnal (er'nal), adj. pertaining to a 
day ; daily ; performed in 24 hours ; 
active during the day-time ; w. a day- 
book ; journal. 

diurnally (-li), adv. daily. 

diva (de'va), n. a prima donna. 

divan (di-van'), n. a court of jus- 
tice ; a council of state in Turkey ; 
a council-hall ; a smoking-room ; 
cafe ; couch. 

dive (div), v.i. to plunge head fore- 
most into water ; enter deeply into 
any subject or question : v.t. to ex- 
plore by diving : n. a sudden plunge 
head foremost into water. 

diverge (di-verj'), v.i. to spread out 
from one point ; recede from. 

divergence (-ver'jens), n. a receding 
from each other ; a tending apart. 

divergent ('jent), adj. tending to di- 
verge. 

divers (di'verz), adj. various; sun- 
^dry. 

diverse ( 'vers, or di- vers' ) , adj. es- 
sentially different ; dissimilar ; sep- 
arate. 

diversification (-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
variation. 

diversify (di-ver'si-fi), v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. diversified, p.pr. diversifying], 
to make different from another ; give 
variety to ; discriminate ; variegate. 

diversion ('shun), n. variation; al- 
teration ; pastime ; the act of di- 
verting the attention of an enemy 
from the real point of attack. 



ate, arm, ask, at. awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 




haired-poinler. 



setter. 



— 6. Short- 



8. Long- 




-o bb 

re 
-^ CO 

^" 1 















I O 



o 



div 



273 



doQ 



divert (di- or di-vert'), v.t. to turn 
aside from any direction or course ; 
draw away from ; entertain ; amuse. 

divertimento (di-vert-i-men'to), n. 
a light pleasant vocal or instru- 
mental composition. 

divertissement ('tiz-mang), n. 
amusement ; recreation ; an entr'- 
acte, as a ballet, &c. 

divest (di-vest'), v.t. to strip or de- 
prive of anything ; despoil ; make 
bare. 

divestiture ('i-ttir), n. surrender of 
property. 

divide (di-vid'), v.t. to cut into two 
or more parts ; separate ; keep 
apart ; disunite by discord ; distrib- 
ute : v.i. to be separated ; cleave ; 
diverge ; have a share ; vote by di- 
vision : n. a watershed. 

divided skirt ('ed skert), n. a skirt 
made so as to combine both skirt 
and knickerbockers. 

dividend (div'i-dend), n. a share of 
the profits of a public company or 
business ; a sum paid pro rata out 
of a bankrupt's estate ; interest pay- 
able on money invested in the pub- 
lic funds ; a number or quantity to 
be divided. 

divi-divi (div'i-div'i), n. astringent 
husks of a South American tropical 
plant, used for dyeing and tanning. 

divination (-i-na'shun), n. the act 
of divining; the pretended art of 
foreseeing future events by super- 
natural or magical agency. 

divine (di-vin'), adj. partaking of 
the nature of God ; excellent in the 
highest degree ; godlike ; sacred ; 
holy ; pertaining to theology : n. a 
theologian ; clergyman : v.t. to fore- 
tell by, or as by, divination ; pre- 
sage : v.i. to conjecture ; guess. 

diving (div'ing), n. the act of plung- 
ing into water ; connected with, or 
used in, diving. 

diving-bell (-bel), n. a hollow ap- 
paratus supplied with air, used for 
various purposes below the surface 
of the water. 

divining-rod (-rod), n. a forked rod 
or branch, as of witch-hazel, which, 
when held loosely in the hand, is 
said to be drawn down to the ground 



where water or minerals are situ- 
ated. 

divinity (di-vin'i-ti), n. [pi. divini- 
ties (-tiz)], the state or quality of 
being divine ; Godhead ; a pagan or 
heathen deity ; theology. 

divisibility (-viz-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being divisible. 

divisible ('i-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing divided ; capable of division with- 
out a remainder. 

division (-vizh'un), n. the act or 
state of being divided ; separation ; 
a partition ; section ; discord ; dif- 
ference ; the separating of the mem« 
bers of a legislative or municipal 
assembly in order to take a vote ; 
two or more brigades under the com- 
mand of a general officer ; a section 
of a fleet under one commander ; the 
process of finding how many times 
one number or quantity is contained 
in another. 

divisional (-al), adj. pertaining to 
division. 

divisor (di-vi'zor), n. the number by 
which another (the dividend) is 
divided. 

divorce (-vors'), n. a dissolution of 
the marriage contract by legal au- 
thority ; disunion : v.t. to dissolve 
the marriage contract between by 
legal authority ; release from close 
union. 

divorcement ('ment), n. the act or 
process of divorcing (Deut. xxiv, 1). 

divort (di-v6rt'), n. a watershed. 

divulge (di-vulj'), v.t. to make 
known, as something previously kept 
secret ; disclose. 

dizen ( di'zn ) , v.t. to deck out ; dress. 

dizziness ('i-nes), n. giddiness. 

dizzy (diz'i), adj. giddy. 

do (doo), v.t. [p.t. did, p.p. done, p. 
pr. doing], to perform; achieve; 
cause to bring about ; make ready 
for some object or purpose ; cheat or 
swindle : v.i. to act or behave ; suc- 
ceed ; suffice ; fare as to health : n. a 
trick or hoax. 

docile (do'sil, or dos'il), adj. easy to 
teach ; tractable ; easily managed. 

docility (do-sil'i-ti), n. the quality 
of being docile. 

dock (dok), n. a place for construct- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, ^7ien. 



doc 



274 



dog 



ing and laying up ships ; the place 
where a prisoner stands in a court 
to be tried; a coars^ weed with 
broad leaves ; the tail of a horse 
after it has been docked : v.t. to 
cut off or curtail ; deduct from ; di- 
minish. 

dockage (Ttj), n. reduction; provi- 
sion or accommodation for the dock- 
ing of vessels ; money paid for the 
use of a dock, 

docket ('et), v.t. to mark the con- 
tents or titles of papers on the back 
of them ; indorse : n. a directed label 
or ticket tied on goods ; a summary 
of a larger writing ; a digest. 

dockyard ('yiird), n. a place where 
ships are built and naval stores are 
kept. 

doctor ('ter), n. one skilled in any 
particular branch of knowledge ; an 
academical degree denoting the 
highest proficiency in a faculty of 
a university ; a learned man ; a 
medical practitioner : v.t. to treat 
medically ; tamper with or give a 
false appearance to: v.i. to practice 
medicine ; undergo medical treat- 
ment. 

doctorate (-at), n. the degree of 
doctor. 

doctrinaire (-tri-nar'), n. one who 
theorizes on political or other mat- 
ters, disregarding practical consid- 
erations : adj. visionary. 

doctrinal ('trin-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or containing, doctrine. 

doctrinally (-li), adv. in a doctrinal 
manner. 

doctrine ('trin), n. that which is 
taught ; the principles, belief, or 
dogma of any church, sect, or party. 

document ('ti-ment), n. a printed or 
written paper relied upon to estab- 
lish some fact or assertion, or con- 
veying information. 

documentary (-men'ta-ri), adj. per-, 
taining to, derived from, or consist-" 
ing of, documents. 

dodder (dod'er), n. a parasitical 
plant. 

dodecagon (do-dek'a-gon), n. a figure 
with twelve sides and twelve angles. 

dodecahedron (-he'dron), n. a solid 
having twelve faces. 

dodge (doj), v.i. to start aside and 

ate, arm, ask. 



shift about ; evade by craft ; avoid ; 
practice tricky devices : v.t. to es- 
cape by starting aside : n. the act of 
dodging ; a trick. 

dodo (do'do), n. [pi. dodos ('doz)], 
a large extinct bird with a short 
neck, a large hooked bill, short 
wings and legs. 

doe (do), n. the female of a buck or 
fallow deer, or of an antelope, rab- 
bit, or hare. 

doeskin ('skin), n. the skin of a doe ; 
a fine woolen cloth with a smooth 
finish. 

doif (dof), v.t. to take or put off, 
as clothes : v.i. remove the hat in 
saluting. 

dog (dog), n. a domesticated carnivo- 
rous animal belonging to the genus 
Canis ; name of various mechanical 
contrivances : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dog- 
ged, p.pi". dogging], to hunt as a 
dog ; follow pertinaciously. 

dogcart ('kart), n. a light cart with 
two transverse seats back to back. 

dog-days ('daz), n.pl. a period in 
July and August when the dog star 
or Sirius rises and sets with the 
sun : usually the hottest part of the 
summer. 

doge (doj), n. the title of the chief 
magistrates of the ancient republics 
of Venice and Genoa. 

dogfisk (dog'fish), n. a species of 
small littoral shark very destructive 
to fish. 

dogged ('ed), adj. stubborn; perti- 
nacious. 

dogger ('er), n. a two-masted vessel 
with a broad beam : used in the cod 
and herring fisheries by the Dutch 
in the North Sea. 

doggerel (-el), n. a kind of verse 
devoid of sense or rhythm : adj. weak 
and absurd in construction : said of 
verse or poetry. 

dogma ('ma), n. [pZ. dogmas ('maz)], 
or dogmata ('ma-ta)], an estab- 
lished principle, tenet, or doctrine ; 
a doctrine stated in a formal man- 
ner and received by the Church as 
authoritative. 

dogmatic (-mat'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or of the nature of, dogma ; posi- 
tive ; authoritative ; dogmatical : n.pl. 
doctrinal theology. 

at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



dog 



275 



dom 



dogmatically (-al-li), adv. in a dog- 
matic manner. 

dogmatisxu (-tizm), n. dogmatic or 
positive assertion of opinion. 

dogmatize ('ma-tiz), v.i. to make 
dogmatic assertions ; utter positive 
assertions without adducing proof : 
v.t. to treat dogmatically. 

dog-trot ('trot), n. a gentle trot. 

dog-watch ('woch), n. one of tv^o 
watches on board ship of two hours 
each, between 4 and 8 p.m. 

dogwood ('wood), n. the wild cornel. 

doily (doi'li), n. [pi. doilies ('liz)], 
a small mat or napkin : used on 
dessert plates, &c. 

doings (doo'ingz), n.pl. things done; 
movements ; conduct ; stir. 

doldrums ('drumz), n.pl. a sailor's 
term for the tropical zones of calms 
and variable winds ; depression of 
spirits ; the dumps. 

dole (dol), n. that which is dealt out 
sparingly ; a charitable gift of mon- 
ey or food ; alms : v.t. to deal out 
sparingly. 

doleful ( 'fool ) , adj. sorrowful ; dis- 
mal. 

dolefully (-li), adv. sorrowfully; 
dismally. 

dolerite (dol'er-it), n. a dark-col- 
ored bassic igneous rock ; basaltic 
greenstone. 

dolesome (dol'sum), adj. melancholy. 

doll (dol), n. a girl's puppet or toy- 
baby ; a childish-featured girl or 
woman. 

dollar Car), n. a silver coin current 
in the United States and Canada = 
100 cents ; a coin of various other 
countries. 

dolly ('i), n. {pi. dollies ('iz)], a lit- 
tle doll ; a block used in pile driv- 
ing ; an apparatus for washing 
clothes ; a contrivance for washing 
ore in mining ; in India a brass tray 
on which fruit, flowers, &c., are 
presented as a complimentary offer- 
ing. 

Dolly Varden (-var'dn), n. a wom- 
an's dress of light bright-figured 
muslin, worn over a bright colored 
petticoat. 

dolman ('man), n. a long outer gar- 
ment worn by the Turks ; a hussar's 



uniform jacket ; a woman's sleeve- 
less mantle. 

dolmen ('men), n. a sepulchral mon- 
ument, consisting of a large unhewn 
stone resting on two or more un- 
hewn stones. 

dolomite ('o-mit), n. a crystalline 
variety of magnesian limestone. 

doloriiic (-rif'ik), adj. causing grief. 

dolorous (dol'o-rus), adj. sorrowful. 

dolour (do'ler), n. sorrow; pain. 

dolpMn (dol'fin), n. the name of a 
cetaceous mammal of the genus 
Delphinus and allied genera. 

dolt (dolt), n. a heavy stupid fellow. 

dom (dom), n. a title of respect ap- 
plied to gentlemen in Portugal and 
Brazil ; in Portugal a title of the 
king and royal family. 

domain (do-man'), n. lordship; au- 
thority ; empire ; landed property ; 
demesne. 

dome (dom), w. a hemispherical roof. 

domestic (do-mes'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to the house or household af- 
fairs ; private ; home-made : n. a 
household servant : pi. articles of 
home manufacture, especially cotton- 
cloths. 

domestic economy (e-kon'o-mi), n. 
the art of managing household af- 
fairs in the best and thriftiest man- 
ner. 

domestically (-al-li), adv. privately. 

domesticate ('ti-kat), v.t. to make 
domestic ; familiarize with domestic 
life ; tame : v.i. to become domestic. 

doxnesticity (-tis'i-ti), n. \_pl. domes- 
ticities (-tiz)], the state of being 
domestic ; domestic character. 

domicile (dom'i-sil), n. a permanent 
residence or place of abode. ; home : 
v.t. to establish in a fixed residence. 

domiciliary ('i-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
to the residence of a person or fam- 
ily. 

dominant ('i-nant), adj. exercising 
chief authority ; ruling ; predomi- 
nant ; ascending : n. the recitative 
note in Gregorian scales ; the fifth 
tone of a musical scale in any as- 
cending key. 

dominate ('i-nat), v.t. to govern; 
rule ; predominate over : v.i. to be 
dominant. 

domination (-na'shun), n. the act 



ate, arm, isk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



doxil 



276 



dot 



of dominating ; absolute authority ; 
power. 

domineer (-i-ner'), v.i. to exercise 
authority arrogantly or tyrannical- 
ly ; bluster. 

dominical ( do-min'i-kal ) , adj. per- 
taining to Christ as Lord, or to Sun- 
day : «. a dominical letter. 

dominical letter (let'er), n. one of 
the letters (A B C D E F G) used 
in the calendar of the Prayer Book 
to denote Sunday throughout the 
year, and to determine the date of 
Easter Day. 

dominie (dom'i-ne), n. a schoolmas- 
ter ; a clergyman of the Dutch Re- 
formed Church. 

dominion (do-min'yun), n. supreme 
authority ; sovereignty ; independent 
right or possession ; a territory or 
country subject to the control of one 
government. 

domino (dom'i-no), n. [pi. dominos 
(-noz)], a large loose silk cape or 
cloak with large sleeves and a hood 
used as a masquerade garment ; an 
ecclesiastical hood : pi. a game 
played with 28 oblong dotted pieces 
of bone or wood (dominoes). 

dom-pedro (-pe'dro), n. the name of 
the game of sancho-pedro when 
played with the joker. 

don (don), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. donned, 
p.pr. donning], to put on; invest 
with ; assume : n. a Spanish title 
[Fern. Dona] ; a fellow or collegiate 
dignitary. 

donate (do'nat), v.t. to contribute, 
especially to some religious or phil- 
anthropic object. 

donation (-na'shun), n. a charitable 
gift ;^ benefaction ; present. 

donative (don'a-tiv), adj. vested or 
vesting by donation : n. a gift. 

donator (do-na'ter), n. a giver. 

done (dun), p.adj. completed; pub- 
lished officially; cooked sufficiently; 
thoroughly fatigued ; cheated : inter j. 
agreed ! 

donee (do-ne'), n. a person to whom 
a gift or donation is made. 

dongola (don'go-la), n. a goatskin, 
or sheepskin tanned to resemble kid. 

doni (do'ni), n. a single-masted Cey- 
lonese coasting vessel with a long 
sail. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl 



me, merge, met ; mite, 
book; hue, hut; think, 



donjon (don' or dun'jun), n, the 
principal tower or keep of a medise- 
val castle, containing the prison. 

donkey (dong'ki), n. [pi. donkeys 
('kiz)], an ass; a stupid or obsti- 
nate fellow. 

donna (don'na), n. a lady (Italian). 

donnish, (don'ish), adj. pertaining to, 
or characteristic of, a don. 

donnism ('izm), n, academic self- 
importance. 

donor (do'ner), n. a giver. 

doom (doom), n. a judicial sentence 
of condemnation ; the infliction of 
a sentence ; irrevocable destiny , 
fate ; ruin ; the Day of Judgment ; 
v.t. to pronounce condemnation 
upon ; sentence to punishment ; or- 
dain as a penalty. 

doomsday (doomz'da)^ n. the day of 
final and universal judgment. 

door (dor), n. the gate or entrance 
of a house ; portal ; means of access. 

dor (dor), n. a large black dung bee- 
tle with a characteristic droning 
sound in flight. 

Dorian (do'ri-an), adj. pertaining to, 
or characteristic of, Doris, a small 
district of ancient Greece : n. a 
member of the Doric or Dorian race, 
one of the four great division of the 
ancient Greeks. 

Doric (dor'ik), adj. Dorian: n. the 
broad hard dialect of the Dorians. 

Doric order (or'der), the oldest and 
simplest of the three orders of Greek 
architecture. 

Doricism ('i-sizm), n. a Doric idiom, 
phrase, or peculiarity. 

dorking (dor'king), n. one of a breed 
of domestic fowls. 

dormancy ('man-si), n. quiescence, 

dormant ('mant), adj. sleeping; 
quiet ; in abeyance. 

dormer ('mer), n. a bedroom; a win- 
dow pierced vertically in the side of 
a roof. 

dormitory ('mi-to-ri), n. [pZ. dormi- 
tories (-riz) ], a large apartment ca- 
pable of holding several beds. 

dormouse ('mous), n. [pi. dormice 
('mis)], a small European squirrel- 
like rodent. 

dorsal ('sal), adj. pertaining to, or 
situated near, the back. 

dory (do'ri), n. [pi. dories ('riz)], a 

note, north, not; boon, 



mit; 
then. 



dos 



277 



dow 



popular name for a golden-colored 
fish much esteemed for the table ; 
the wall-eyed pike-perch ; John 
Dory ; a small flat-bottomed skiff 
with a sharp prow. 

dosage ('saj), n. the operation of 
putting into sparkling wines some- 
thing to give them a distinctive 
taste. 

dose (dos), n. the quantity of medi- 
cine to be taken at one time ; any- 
thing nauseous ; quantity : v.t. to 
give doses to ; administer anything 
objectionable or nauseous. 

dost, 2 p. sing. pres. indie, of do. 

dot (dot), n. a small point or speck; 
a diminutive child : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
dotted, p.pr. dotting], to mark with 
dots or specks. 

dotage (do'taj), n. imbecility of 
mind; foolish or excessive affection. 

dotard ('tard), n. one whose intellect 
is impaired by age ; one who is 
foolishly affectionate : adj. imbecile. 

dote (dot), v.i. to exhibit the weak- 
ness of age ; bestow excessive love. 

doth, 3 p. sing, indie, of do. 

dotterel ('er-el), n. a small plover. 

double ( dub'l ) , adj. twofold ; two of 
a sort ; being in pairs ; twice as 
much ; deceitful ; insincere : n. twice 
the quantity ; a duplicate ; trick ; a 
turning back to escape pursuit ; an 
apparition ; a fold or plait : pi. 
changes rung on five bells ; games 
played by two on a side : v.t. to 
make double ; duplicate ; repeat ; 
fold ; sail round or by : v.i. to in- 
crease to twice the quantity ; return 
on one's track ; march at double 
quick time : adv. twice over. 

double-bass (-bas), n. the largest 
violin. 

double-dagger (-dag'er), n. a refer- 
ence mark ($). 

double entendre (doobi ang-tiing'- 
dr), n. a word or phrase with a 
double meaning, one of which is 
usually indelicate. 

doubleness (dub'1-nes), n. the state 
of being double ; duplicity. 

doublet (dub'let), n. a duplicate; 
pair ; a kind of close-fitting man's 
garment. 

doubloon ('loon), n. a Spanish gold 
coin. 



doubly ('li), adv. twice the quantity 
or degree ; in a double or twofold 
manner. 

doubt (dout), v.i. to waver in opin- 
ion ; hesitate ; be in suspense : v.t. 
to suspect ; distrust ; question : n. 
uncertainty of mind ; suspense ; 
scruple ; perplexity ; apprehension ; 
fear ; disbelief. 

doubtful ('fool), adj. of uncertain 
issue ; questionable ; hazardous ; in- 
secure. 

doubtfully ('li), adv. in a doubtful 
manner. 

doubting ('ing), adj. inspiring, or 
subject to, doubt ; questionable. 

doubtless ('les), adv. assuredly; 
certainly. 

doucbe (doosh), n. a jet or current 
of water directed upon some part 
of the body. 

dough (do), n. a soft mass of mois- 
tened flour yet unbaked. 

doughty (dou'ti), adj. valiant; 
strong. 

doughtily (-li), adv. valiantly. 

doughtiness (-nes), n. valor; bra- 
very. 

doughy (do'i), adj. soft like dough. 

douse (dous), v.t. to plunge sudden- 
ly into a liquid ; drench ; extinguish ; 
strike ; slacken or lower suddenly, 
as sails : v.i. to fall suddenly into 
water ; search for water or ores by 
a divining rod. 

dove (duv), n. a pigeon of the genus 
Columba ; a_ term of endearment. 

dovecote ('kot), n. a small house or 
box with compartments for doves. 
Dovecot. 

dovetail ('tal), v.t. to join by a joint 
resembling a dove's tail spread out; 
fit closely and exactly. 

dowager (dou'a-jer), n. the widow 
of a king, prince, or person of rank ; 
a widow with a jointure. 

dowdily ('di-li), adv. in a dowdy 
manner. 

dowdiness (-nes), n. the state of 
being dowdy. 

dowdy ('di), n. [pi. dowdies ('diz)], 
a slatternly woman who affects 
finery : adj. slovenly or ill-dressed ; 
shabby. 

dowel (dou'el), n. a pin to connect 
two pieces of wood by being sunk 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, ^7ien. 



dow 



278 



dra 



in the edges of each ; a piece of 
wood driven into a wall to secure 
soDtething else: v.t. to fasten by 
dowels. 

dower ('er), n. that part of a hus- 
band's property which his widow en- 
joys during her life ; jointure ; per- 
sonal endowment. 

dowlas ('las), n. a kind of coarse 
linen cloth. 

down (doun), n. soft feathers, hair, 
or wool ; the soft fibers of plants : 
pi. a tract of bare, hilly land used 
for pasturing sheep ; banks or round- 
ed hillocks of sand : adv. from a 
higher to a lower degree or position ; 
at the lowest point ; on the ground ; 
below the horizon ; from earlier to 
later times ; in hand, or on the 
counter ; on paper, or in a book : 
adj. dejected ; downcast : prep, along 
a descent ; from a higher place to a 
lower; along the course or current 
of. 

downcast ('kast), adj. directed down- 
wards ; sad : n. the ventilating shaft 
of a mine. 

doxirnfall ('fawl), n. a falling down- 
wards ; sudden fall from rank or 
reputation ; ruin. 

downgrade ('grad), n. a downward 
movement ; reverse of fortune ; de- 
parture from the orthodox standard 
of belief. 

downright ('rit), adj. straight to the 
point ; blunt ; unceremonious : adv. 
perpendicularly ; completely ; thor- 
oughly. 

downward ("ward), adj. tending to 
the ground ; moving from a higher 
to a lower place, grade, or direc- 
tion ; descending : adv. from a higher 
to a lower condition, state, or place : 
from the sour-ce. Also downwards. 

downy ('i), adj. covered with, or 
made of, down ; soft ; restful ; cun- 
ning ; artful. 

dowry (dou'ri), n. [pi. dowries 
('riz)], the property a woman 
brings to her husband at marriage ; 
gift or possession. 

doxology (doks-ol'o-ji), n. [pi. dox- 
ologies (-jiz)], an ascription or 
short hymn of praise to God. 

doze (doz), v.i. to sleep lightly or fit- 
fully : n. a light sleep, or nap. 



dozy ('i), adj. sleepy; drowsy. 

drab (drab), n. a kind of thick dull 
brown or yellowish-grey woolen 
cloth ; a tint of such a color : adj. 
of a drab color. 

drabble ('1), v.t. to make wet or 
dirty by dragging through mud or 
water : v.i. to fish with a long line 
and rod. 

drac (drak), n. an evil spirit; lilia- 
ceous palm-like plants, to which the 
dragon-tree belongs. 

drachma (drak'ma), n. [pi. drach- 
mae ('me), drachmas ('maz)], a 
Greek silver coin. Also drachm. 

dra:ff (draf), n. refuse from malt 
breweries ; hog's-wash ; dregs. 

draft (draft), n. a sketch or outline; 
bill of exchange ; an order for mon- 
ey ; detachment of soldiers ; the act 
of drawing a load ; the state of be- 
ing drawn ; the act of drinking or 
the amount drunk at once ; an out- 
line or sketch ; the act of sweeping 
with a net ; the quantity of fish 
caught at one draw of the net ; the 
depth of water a vessel draws or 
to which she sinks ; a current of 
air : v.t. to delineate or sketch out ; 
call forth ; select by a draft for mili- 
tary service. 

drag (drag), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dragged, 
p.pr. dragging], to pull or draw 
along by force ; draw along slowly 
or heavily ; haul ; tug : v.t. to trail 
along the ground : n. the act of 
dragging ; a net or apparatus for 
drawing along the bottom of the 
water ; a coach drawn by four 
horses ; a kind of sledge for heavy 
loads ; the difference between the 
draft of water forward or aft of a 
ship. 

draggle (drag'l), v.t. to wet or soil 
by dragging in the mud or along 
the ground : v.i. to become dirty or 
wet by dragging. 

dragoma^n -(drag'o-man), n. [pi. 
dragomans (-manz)], in the East, 
an interpreter, guide, or agent for 
travelers, especially an interpreter 
attached to an embassy, &c. 

dragon ('un), n. a fabulous animal 
represented as a winged serpent or 
lizard ; a fierce person ; a winged 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon,. 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



dra 



279 



dra 



heraldic beast : adj. fierce ; destruc- 
tive. 

dragon-fly (-fli), n. an insect witi^, a 
long slender abdomen, large eyes 
and wings. 

dragon's-blood (-z-blud), n. the red 
juice and gum of several South 
American and East Indian trees. 

dragoon (dra-goon'), n. originally a 
kind of mounted infantry, now^ cav- 
alry, either light or heavy, wearing 
helmets : v.t. to harass or reduce to 
submission by military force. 

drain (dran), v.t, to draw off grad- 
ually ; exhaust : v.i. to become dry : 
n. a channel or pipe for superfluous 
water ; a sewer ; the act of exhaust- 
ing. 

drainage ('aj), n. the act or means 
of draining ; that which is drained 
off. 

drake (drak), n. a male duck. 

dram (dram), n. l-8th of an ounce 
troy, and l-16th of an ounce avoir- 
dupois ; a small quantity of spiritu- 
ous liquor. 

drama (dra'ma), n. a prose or poet- 
ical composition depicting a story of 
human life in character, &c., on the 
stage ; theatrical entertainment ; 
dramatic literature or art. 

dramatic (dra-mat'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or appropriate to, the drama. 
Dramatical. 

dramatically (-al-li), adv. in a dra- 
matic manner. 

dramatis personse (dram'a-tis per- 
so'ne), the characters in a play oa- 
drama. 

dramatize (dram'a-tiz), v.t. to com- 
pose in the form of a drama ; adapt 
for stage representation. 

dramaturgy ('a-ter-jl), n. the art 
of dramatic composition ; represen- 
tation and stage effect. 

drank, p.t. & p.p. of drink, 

drape (drap) , V.t. to cover with cloth ; 
arrange in folds or hangings. 

draper (dra'per), n. a dealer in wool- 
en or cotton cloth, &c. 

draperied (-id), adj. furnished or 
covered with drapery. 

drapery (-i), n. [pi. draperies (-iz)], 
textile cloths or fabrics used for gar- 
ments or hangings ; costuoes repre- 
sented in sculpture or painang. 



drastic (dras'tik), adj. powerful; 
vigorous. 

draugkt (draft), n. Same as draft. 

draughts (drafts), n. the game of 
checkers. 

draw (draw), v.t. ip.t. drew, p.p. 
drawn, p.pr. drawing], to pull along 
or haul ; raise ; suck in ; pull out ; 
force out ; elongate ; disembowel ; 
win, as in a lottery ; drive or beat 
out ; sketch ; draft ; require a cer- 
tain depth to float in ; entice or al- 
lure ; induce ; receive ; write out ; 
leave undecided : v.i. to produce mo- 
tion ; act as an inducement ; shrink : 
come together or near ; practice 
drawing ; settle in the water to a 
certain depth : n. the act of draw- 
ing ; a lot or chance drawn ; a game 
left undecided ; a feeler ; the act of 
drawing a covert. 

drawback ('bak), n. loss of advan- 
tage ; a discouragement ; money paid 
back, especially to an importer of 
goods on which customs duty has 
been paid on thpir being exported, 

drawbridge ('brij), n. a bridge 
which may be wholly or partially 
lifted up. _ 

draw^ee (-e'), n. one on whom an 
order, bill of exchange, or a draft 
is drawn. 

drawer ('er), n. one who draws; a 
draftsman ; a sliding box-like ar- 
rangement for holding clothes, pa- 
pers, &c. ; one who draws a bill of 
exchange, or an order for the pay- 
ment of money : pi. an under-gar- 
ment worn by both sexes, covering 
the lower part of the body and legs. 

drawing ('ing), n. delineation; at- 
traction or motion ; a distribution in 
a lottery : pi. the takings or re- 
ceipts of a business. 

drawing-room (-room), n. a room 
for the reception of company ; a for- 
mal reception by the sovereign, or a 
distinguished official ; the company 
assembled in a drawing-room. 

drawl (drawl), v.t. to utter in a slow, 
lazy tone : n. a slow, lazy manner of 
speaking, 

drawn (drawn), p.adj. left unde- 
cided ; disemboweled ; contracted. 

dray (dra), n. a low, stoutly-built 
cart used for heavy loads. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; booiij 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



dre 



280 



dri 



dread (dred), v.t. to fear greatly; an- 
ticipate with hrinking or terror ; 
venerate : v.i. to be in great fear : 
n. apprehensive terror ; reverential 
awe : adj. awful ; solemn. 

dreadful ('fool), adj. inspiring 
dread, 

dreadfully (-li), adv. in a dreadful 
manner. 

dreadnauglit ('nawt), n. a fearless 
person ; a thick woolen felted cloth. 

dream (drem), n. a train of thoughts 
or images passing through the mind 
during sleep ; an idle fancy : v.t. [p.t. 
& p.p. dreamt, p.pr. dreaming], to 
see or imagine in sleep ; think about 
vainly : v.i. to have a train of ideas 
in sleep. 

dreamy ('i), adj. pertaining to, or 
full of, dreams ; indistinct ; vision- 
ary. 

drear (drer), adj. dismal; sorrowful. 

drearily ('i-li), adv. gloomily. 

dreary ('i), adj. cheerless; gloomy. 

dredge (drej), n. a drag or instru- 
ment for sweeping the bottoms of 
rivers to bring up something : v.t. 
to clean out and deepen by a dredge ; 
gather with a dredge ; sprinkle flour 
upon. 

dregs (dregz), n.pl. the sediment of 
liquor ; lees ; worthless matter. 

dreibund (dri'bunt), n. a triple al- 
liance, especially that (1883) be- 
tween Germany, Austria-Hungary, 
and Italy for mutual defense. 

drench, (drench) , v.t. to wet thorough- 
ly ; steep in moisture; forcibly ad- 
minister a draft to : n. s, large draft ; 
a dose of medicine for a horse or 
cattle. 

Dresden (dres'den), n. a fine porce- 
lain. 

dress (dres), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dressed 
or drest, p.pr. dressing], to invest 
with, or as with, clothing ; adorn ; 
deck out ; embellish ; prepare or 
make ready ; cook ; curry or rub 
down; adjust to a straight line; 
prune or trim : v.i. to put on clothes : 
n. a covering for the body ; a robe ; 
elegant or fashionable attire ; ex- 
ternal finish or ornament ; plumage ; 
adjustment. 

dresser ('er), n. one who regulates 
or adjusts dress; a surgeon's as- 



sistant ; a set of shelves or open 
cupboard for plates, &c. ; a com- 
bination of mirror and bureau. 

dressing ('ing), n. the act of putting 
on clothes ; material used in sizing 
or stiffening fabrics ; the smoothing 
of the surface of stone ; sauce or 
stuffing used for preparing a dish ; 
a beating ; reprimand ; an external 
application to a wound ; the prepara- 
tion of mineral ores for the furnace. 

dressing-gown (-goun), n. a light, 
easy, loose gown worn while dress- 
ing or in dishabille. 

dressy (dres'i), adj. fond of dress, 
especially showy or elaborate attire ; 
stylish. 

drest, p.t. & p.p. of dress. 

drew, p.t. of draw. ^ 

dribble (drib'l), v.i. to fall in small 
drops ; drip : v.t. to let fall in drops ; 
give out or deal in small portions ; 
in football to give a slight kick or 
shove to : n. a drizzling shower ; a 
trickling out in small drops. 

driblet (drib'let), n. a small piece, 
part, or sum. 

dried, p.t. & p.p. of dry. 

drier (dri'er), n. one who, or that 
which, dries ; a substance added to 
paint, &c., causing it to dry quick- 
ly ; an apparatus for drying off 
moisture. 

drift (drift), n. the direction in 
which anything is driven ; an im- 
pellent force ; overbearing influence ; 
an accumulation heaped up by sea 
or wind ; tendency ; scope ; the hori- 
zontal passage of a mine ; a collec- 
tion of loose earth, rocks, &c., trans- 
ported from a distance by the 
agency of ice; leeway made in a 
gale ; the direction of a current : v.t. 
to drive along, or in heaps ; cover 
with driftage : v.i. to be carried 
along by a current, or by circum- 
stances ; accumulate in heaps. 

driftage ('aj), n. that which is 
drifted ; leeway caused by wind or 
sea currents. 

drill (dril), v.t. to pierce with a 
drill ; bore ; perforate ; instruct thor- 
oughly in the rudiments of any busi- 
ness, &c. ; train ; sow in lines or 
rows : v.i. to engage in military ex- 
ercises : n. a tool for boring or mak- 



ate, a/m, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



dri 



281 



dm 



ing holes in a hard substance ; a 
machine for sowing seeds in rows ; 
military exercise. 

drilling ('ing), n. the act of using 
a drill ; a heavy, firm twilled cloth. 

drink (dringk), vA. [p.t. drank, p.p. 
drunk, p.pr. drinking], to swallow a 
liquid ; imbibe alcoholic liquors ha- 
bitually : n. any beverage swallowed 
to quench thirst ; as much Liquor as 
can be taken at once ; strong or in- 
toxicating liquor, 

drip (drip), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. dripped, 
p.pr. dripping], to fall in drops : v.t. 
to let fall in drops : n. that which 
falls in drops ; a projecting cornice 
to throw off rain. 

drive (driv), v.t. [p.t. drove, p.p. 
driven, p.pr. driving], to impel or 
urge forward by force ; propel ; com- 
municate motion to ; - convey in a 
vehicle : v.i. to press, or be impelled 
forward with violence ; travel in a 
carriage; aim a blow (with let) : n. 
thp act of driving or impelling ; a 
strong blow ; a road prepared for 
driving ; an excursion in a carriage ; 
an annual gathering of cattle for 
branding ; a forward blow given to 
a ball at cricket. 

drivel (driv'el), v.i. to slaver; be 
weak or foolish ; talk or act like a 
fool or dotard. 

driven, p.p. of drive. 

drizzle (driz'l), v.i. to rain slightly 
or in misty drops : n. fine misty rain. 

drizzly ('li), adj. shedding fine rain. 

droit (droit, or drwa), n. equity; 
right of ownership, especially in 
^and : custom ; duty. 

di die ( drol' ) , w. a funny fellow ; buf- 
foon. 

droll (drol'), adj. ridiculous; queer. 

-irollery ('er-i). n. [pi. drolleries 
(-riz)], the quality of being droll; 
buffoonery. 

drolling ('ing), n. burlesque. 

drolly ('li), adv. comically. 

dromedary (drum'e-da-ri), n. [pi. 
dromedaries (-riz)], one of a do- 
mesticated breed of camels distin- 
guished for its speed and by having 
one hump. 

drone (dron), v.i. to utter in a mo- 
notonous tone or sound ; live in idle- 
ness : v.t. to read in a monotonous 



tone : n. a dull, monotonous tone ; 
one of the pipes of a bagpipe; the 
male of the honev-bee which pro- 
duces no honey ; a lazy fellow. 

drony (dro'ni), adj. like a drone. 

droop (dro5p), v.i. to sink or hang: 
down ; languish ; bend down gradu- 
ally : v.t. cause to hang down : w, 
the act of drooping. 

drop (drop), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. dropped^ 
dropt, p.pr. dropping], to fall in 
drops ; distil ; sink to a lower posi- 
tion ; fall in death ; visit informally 
(with in) : v.t. to let fall ; discou- 
tinue ; utter casually; send off (u. 
hasty note) : n. a globule of mois- 
ture ; something that hangs like a 
drop ; a small quantity of a liquid ; a 
falling trap-door ; the painted cur- 
tain of a theater (drop-scene) : pi. 
medicine regulated by drops ; lauda- 
num. 

drop-shutter (-shut'er), n. a device, 
operated by a spring, for taking in- 
stantaneous photographs. 

dropsical ('si-kal), adj. affected with 
dropsy. 

dropsy ('si), n. an unnatural accu- 
mulation of serous fluid in any 
cavity of the body or its tissues ; a 
disease affecting the food-sac of 
young trout ; blue swelling. 

dropt, p.t. & p.p. of drop. 

dross (dros), n. the scum or slag of 
melted metal ; sediment ; refuse. 

drouglit (drout), n. continued ab- 
, sence of rain or moisture ; dryness. 

drove, p.t. of drive : w. a collection of 
cattle or sheep driven in a body ; a 
crowd ; sprats caught early in the 
season. 

drown (droun), v.i. to perish by suf- 
focation in water : v.t. to suffocate 
by immersion in water ; overwhelm ; 
inundate ; deluge. ^ 

droTTse (drouz), v.i. to be heavy with 
sleepiness ; be half-asleep : n. a light 
sleep. 

drowsiness ('i-nes), n. sleepiness. 

drowsy ('i), adj. sleepy; sluggish. 

drtib (drub), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. drubbed, 
p.pr. drubbing], to beat vigorously: 
n. a thump. 

drudge (druj), v.i. to labor hard at 
mean or uncongenial tasks ; slave : 
v.t. to spend or pass laboriously : n. 



&te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue. hut; think, then. 



daru 



282 



due 



one employed in menial work who 
works hard for insufficient remu- 
neration. 

drudgery ('er-i), n. the work of a 
drudge ; mean servile labor. 

drug (drug), n. an ingredient used 
in medicine ; a narcotic ; an unsal- 
able article: v.t. \_p.t. & p.p. drug- 
ged, p.pr. drugging!, to mix drugs 
with ; render stupid by a narcotic 
drug : v.i. to take drugs habitually. 

drugget ('et), n. a coarse woolen 
fabric. 

druggist ('ist), n. a dealer in drugs. 

druid (droo'id), n. a priest of the 
ancient Kelts of 3ritain, Gaul, and 
Germany. 

drum (drum), n. an instrument of 
percussion, consisting of a hollow 
cylinder with vellum at the ends, 
and beaten with sticks (drum- 
sticks) ; the tympanum of the ear; 
a drum-shaped box for figs ; a cylin- 
der or revolving shaft : v.i. [p.t. & 
p.p. drummed, p.pr. drumming], to 
beat a drum ; beat up recruits ; tout 
for customers; beat rapidly with 
the fingers : v.t. to play (a tune) on 
a drum ; din ; expel ignominiously 
(with out). 

drumhead ('hed), n. the head or top 
of a drum ; the top of a capstan. 

drumzner ('er), n. one who plays a 
drum ; a commercial traveler. 

drumstick ('stik), n. the stick with 
which a drum is beaten ; the outer 
joint of a fowl's leg from the knee 
to the heel. 

Drummond-liglit ('und-lit), n. an- 
other name for the limelight. 

drunk (drungk), p.p. of drink: n. a 
fit of drunkenness ; a drunken per- 
son : adj. intoxicated. 

drunkard ('ard), n. one habitually 
drunk. 

drunken ('en), p.adj. habitually in- 
temperate. 

drunkenness (-nes), n. the state of 
being drunk ; habitual intemperance ; 
frenzy. 

dry (dri), adj. [comp. drier, superl. 
driest], free from moisture or wet- 
ness ; not yielding juices ; devoid of 
interest ; unintentionally humorous 
or _ quaint ; without sweetness or 
fruity flavor : v.t. free from moisture 



or juice ; stop the flow of ; parch : 
v.i. to lose or be deprived of moist- 
ure. 

dryad (dri'ad), n. a wood nymph. 

dryly ('li), adv. without moisture; 
in a dry manner ; coldly ; sarcastical- 
ly. Also drily. 

dry-nurse ('ners), v.t. to rear with- 
out the breast. 

drysalt ('sawlt), v.t. to cure by salt- 
ing and drying, as meat. 

dual (du'al), adj. expressing, or com- 
posed of, the number 2 : n. the 
form of the noun or verb connoting 
two persons or things. 

dualism (-izm), n. a twofold divi- 
sion ; the doctrine of two indepen- 
dent and separate principles in man, 
the spiritual and the corporeal ; the 
Gnostic theory that there are two 
independent eternal principles, one 
evil and the other good. 

dualist ('a-list), n. one who holds 
any of the theories of dualism. 

dualistic (-a-list'ik), adj. twofold; 
characterized by, or pertaining to, 
dualism. 

duality (-al'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being twofold; division 
into two. 

dub (dub), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dubbed,, 
p.pr. dubbing], to invest with 
knighthood by striking the shoulder 
with a sword ; confer any rank, dig- 
nity, character, or name upon ; rub, 
dress, or smooth : v.i. make a brisk 
noise : n. a tap or blow. 

dubious (du'bi-us), adj. doubtful. 

ducal ('kal), adj. pertaining to a 
duke. 

ducat (duk'at), n. a gold or silver 
coin formerly in use in Europe : pi. 
money. 

duckess (duch'es), n. the consort or 
widow of a duke. 

ducky ('i), n. [pi. duchies ('iz)L the 
territory, dominions, or jurisdiction 
of a duke. 

duck (duk), n. any bird of the fam- . 
ily Anatid^e, especially the domestic 
duck ; the female of this bird, as dis- ' 
tinguished from the drake ; an ex- 
pression of endearment ; a strong 
linen untwilled fabric : pi. sailors' 
trousers or light clothes worn in hot 
climates : v.i. to plunge the head 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; booEU 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



dnc 



283 



dam 



under water and then withdraw it 
quickly ; bob the head. 

ducking ('ing), n. the act of putting 
under water ; the sport of shooting 
wild ducks, 

dncking-stool (-stool), n. a stool 
in which female scolds were ducked 
in the water. 

duckling ('ling), n. a young duck. 

duckiveed ('wed), n. a common 
fresh-water plant eaten by ducks. 

duct (dukt), n. a passage, tube, or 
canal by which a fluid or secretion 
is conveyed. 

ductile ('til), adj. capable of being 
drawn out into threads or wire ; 
tractable. 

ductility_ ('i-ti), n. flexibility. 

dude (dud), n. a kind of dandy, 
characterized by over-affectedness in 
manners, dress, «S:c. 

dudeen (du-den'), n. a short clay 
pipe. 

dudgeon (duj'un), n. sullen anger: 
resentment ; ill-will. 

diidism. (dtid'izm), n. the affectation 
or social peculiarities of dudes. Also 
dudeism. 

duds (dudz), n.pl. clothes. 

due (du), adj. owed or owing; pay- 
able ; fulfilling obligation ; suitable 
to a case ; ascribable ; proper : adv. 
exactly ; directly : n. that which is 
owed or required by an obligation ; 
a custom, toll, tribute, or fee. 

duel ('el), n. a combat between two 
persons with deadly weapons : v.i. 
to fight in a duel. 

dueling (-ing), n. the fighting a duel. 

duena (doo-a'nya), n. an elderly 
Spanish or Portuguese lady who acts 
as a guardian to a younger one ; a 
governess. Also duenna, 

duet (du-et'), n. a vocal or instru- 
mental composition for two per- 
formers. Also duetto. 

duetino ( doo-a-te'no ) , n. a short 
duet, 

duff (duf), n. pudding of flour, &c., 
boiled in a bag ; a vegetable growth 
accumulated in forest ground. 

duifer ('er), n. a peddler or hawker 
of feminine articles of attire, flash 
jewelry, &c. ; a dull, stupid, inefii- 
cient person ; a fogy ; a spurious 
coin. 



duffing ( 'ing) , adj. worthless ; coun- 
terfeit. 

dug, p.t. & p.p. of dig: n. a teat. 

dugong (du'gong), n. an aquatic 
herbivorous mammal resembling the 
seal and walrus ; the sea-cow. 

dugout (dug'out), n. a canoe hol- 
lowed out from a log ; a rough kind 
of shelter excavated in the side of a 
hill or bank. 

duke (duk), the highest order of 

• English nobility and ranking next 
below an archbishop and the princes 
of the blood ; a continental prince or 
noble. 

dukedom ('dum), n. a duchy. 

dulcet (dul'set), adj. sweet or pleas- 
ant to the ear ; harmonious. 

dulciana (si-a'na), n. a soft-toned 
stop. 

dulcimer ('si-mer), n. an instru- 
ment with wire strings which are 
struck with a rod. 

dull (dul), adj. slow of apprehension 
or action ; stupid ; sluggish ; with- 
out sensibility ; not bright or clear 
to the eye ; blunt ; without wind : 
v.t. to deprive of sharpness ; make 
stupid or heavy ; tarnish : v.i. to be- 
come calm : becqme dull or blunt. 

dullard ('ard), n. a stupid person; 
blockhead. 

dulness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being dull, 

duly (du'li), adv. in a fit and becom- 
ing manner ; fitly ; regularly. 

dum.b (dum), adj. incapable of 
speech, 

dumb-bell Chel), n, one of a pair 
of heavy weights used for muscular 
exercise. 

dumb-sbo-w ('sho), n. gesture with- 
out speech. 

dumbledore (dum'bl-dor), n. the 
bumble-bee ; the brown cockchafer. 

dummy (dum'i), n. [pi. dummies 

('iz)], one who is mute or silent; 

that which imitates a reality ; an 

exposed hand at whist when three 

.persons are playing: adj. fictitious. 

dump (dump), n. sl thud or heavy 
sound; anything short, thick, and* 
heavy ; a place to discharge rub- 
bish in : pi. low spirits : v.t. to throw 
down and empty, especially abrupt- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



dnm 



284 



das 



ly ; unload from a cart : vA. to un- 
load by tilting. 

dumpy ( 'i ) , adj. short and thick ; 
discontented ; sulky. 

dun (dun), adj. of a dull brown col- 
or : n. a creditor who presses per- 
sistently for payment of a debt ; a 
fortified eminence; earthwork; 
mound : v.t. [p.t. & jj.p. dunned, 
p.2)r. dunning], to urge importunate- 
ly, especially for a debt ; cure, as 
codfish, after salting, to impart a' 
dark color. 

dunce (duns), n. a dull, ignorant 
person. 

dunderhead ('der-hed), n. a dolt; 
a numskull. 

dune (dun), a heap of drifted sand 
piled up on the sea-shore by the 
action of the wind. 

dunfisli. ('fish), n. codfish cured by 
dunning. 

dung (dung), n. the excrement of 
animals ; anything filthy or rotten : 
v.t. to manure with dung. 

dungeon ('jun), n. the principal 
keep of a mediaeval castle ; a dark 
underground cell ; a prison. 

Dunkers ('kerz). n.pl. a sect of Ger- 
man-American Baptists, properly 
termed Brethren. ' 

dunnage ('aj), n. loose wood, fag- 
ots, &c., stowed in the hold of a 
vessel to protect the cargo from in- 
jury. 

dunnisL. ('ish), adj. inclined to dun 
color. 

duodecimal ( du-o-des'i-mal ) , adj. 
consisting of, or computing by, 
twelves or any power of 12 : n. a 
twelfth power of anything : pi. a 
system of computing by twelves the 
number of square feet and inches 
in a rectangular area. 

duodecimo ('i-mo), n. a sheet folded 
into 12 leaves (12mo) : said of a 
book. 

duodenum (-de'num), n. [pi. duo- 
dena Cna)], the first portion of the 
small intestine. 

dupable (dup'a-bl), adj. capable of 
being duped. 

dupe (dup), n. one who is, or can be, 
easily tricked; a credulous person; 
v.t. to deceive by trickery ; cheat. 

duplex (du'pleks), adj. double; com- 



pound : applied to the transmission 
of two telegraphic messages over 
a single wire at the same time : v.i. 
to transmit telegraphic messages by 
the duplex system. 

duplicate ('pli-kat), v.t. to make or 
render double ; make a copy or 
copies of : v.i. to celebrate Mass or 
receive the Eucharist twice in one 
day : adj. corresponding exactly with 
another ; twofold ; double ; growing 
in pairs : n. facsimile ; counterpart ; 
an exact copy. 

duplication (-ka'shun), n. the act of 
duplicating ; a fold ; multiplication 
by 2. 

duplicity (-plis'i-ti), n. deceit; 
hypocrisy. 

durability (dti-ra-biri-ti), n. endur- 
ance. ' 

durable ('ra-bl), adj. not perishing; 
permanent ; stable ; lasting, 

durably (-li), adv. in a durable man- 
ner. 

dura mater ('ra ma'ter), w. the 
tough covering which envelops the 
brain and spinal cord. 

duramen (-ra'men), n. the inner or 
heart wood of an exogenous tree. 

durance ('rans), n. imprisonment. 

duration (-ra'shun), n. continuance 
in time ; permanency. 

duress (du-res' or dU'res), n. re- 
straint of personal liberty by fear 
or physical force, compelling a per- 
son to do some act ; imprisonment. 

during (dur'ing), prep, in the time 
of ; at soma period of. 

durometer (du-rom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for testing the hardness of 
steel rails. 

durst, p.t. of dare. 

dusk (dusk), adj. tending to dark- 
ness ; shadowy ; swarthy : n. incip- 
ient darkness. 

duskily ('i-li), adv. with a tendency 
to darkness or blackness. 

dust (dust), n. fine dry particles of 
matter ; a stirring of such fine par- 
ticles ; state of dissolution ; un- 
organized matter ; pollen ; obscur- 
ity ; confusion : v.t. to brush away 
dust from ; cover with a powdered 
substance. 

dusty ('i), adj. [conip. dustier^ 
superl. dustiest], covered with dust. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth. not ; boon, 
book; htie, hut; think, then. 



dnt 



285 



dys 



Dutch, (duch), adj. pertaining to, or 
characteristic of, the Dutch or Low 
Germans of Holland, or their lan- 
guage. 

duteous ('ti-us), adj. fulfilling duty; 
obedient. 

dutiable (dti'ti-a-bl), adj. subject to 
duty. 

dutiful (-fool), adj. respectful; 
obedient to parents. 

dutifully (-li), adv. in a dutiful 
manner. * 

duty Cti), n. [pi. duties ('tiz)], ob- 
ligatory service ; tax, impost, or toll 
levied by Government on certain 
articles. 

duumvir (-um'ver), n. [pi. duumviri 
Cvi-ri), duumvirs ('verz)], two an- 
cient Roman officers of high rank 
acting together in one capacity or 
public function. 

duumvirate ('ver-at), n. the joint 
office of the duumviri. 

d'tvarf (dwawrf), n. a human being, 
animal, or plant much below the 
average height : adj. of smaller size 
or height than the average : v.t. hin- 
der from growing to the natural 
size : v.i. become stunted ; grow 
smaller. 

dwell (dwel), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. dwelt, 
p.pr. dwelling], to reside for a 
length of time ; have a fixed abode ; 
continue ; linger : v.t. to inhabit. 

dwelling ('ing), n. a house or place 
of abode. 

dwindle (dwin'dl), v.i. to become 
gradually less ; diminish ; decrease. 

Dyak (dl'ak), adj. pertaining to the 
natives of the Malay race inhabiting 
Borneo. 

dye (di), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. dyed, p.pr. 
dyeing], to stain or color: v.i. to 
follow the trade of a dyer : n. a col- 
oring liquid or stain. 

dying ('ing), p.adj. the passing away 
from life ; decaying physically ; 
drawing to a close ; the act of ex- 
piring. 



dynactinometer ( nak-ti-nom'e-ter ) , 
n. an instrument for measuring the 
intensity of the photogenic rays of 
light and comparing the quickness 
of action of lenses in photography. 

dynam ('nam), n. a unit of work = 
1 foot pound. 

dynamic ('ik), adj. pertaining to 
mechanical forces not in equilibrium ; 
effective. Also dynamical ; n.pl. 
that branch of mechanics whicK 
treats of the effects of force in 
producing motion. Also kinetics. 

dynamitard ('na-mi-tard), n. one 
who advocates the use of dynamite 
as a revolutionary agent. Also 
dynamiter. 

dynamite ('ni-mit), n. a highly ex- 
plosive compound of nitro-glycerine 
mixed with sawdust or infusorial 
silica : v.t. to destroy by dynamite. 

dynamo ('na-mo), n. an electric ma- 
chine for converting mechanical into 
electric energy. 

dynamograph (-nam'o-graf), n. an 
instrument for registering muscular 
power by compressing a spring held 
in the hand. 

dynamometer (-n^-mom'e-ter), w. an 
apparatus for measuring the force 
or power in moving a load, &c. 

dynastic (-nas'tik), adj. pertaining 
to a dynasty. 

dynasty ('nas-ti), n. [pL dynasties 
(-tiz)], a line or succession of sov- 
ereigns of a particular family ; the 
length of time during which a cer- 
tain family reigns. 

dyne (din), n. the force which, act- 
ing upon a gramme per second, gen- 
erates a velocity of 1 centimeter. 

dysentery (dis'en-ter-i), n. a tropic- 
al disease akin to diarrhoea, at- 
tended with fever. 

dyspepsia (-pep'si-'l), n. indiges- 
tion. 

dyspeptic ('tik), adj. pertaining to, 
causing, or afflicted with, dyspepsia. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




each (ech), adj. & pron. every one; 

either. 

eager (e'ger), adj. impetuous; vehe- 
ment ; earnest ; keen ; enthusiastic. 

eagle ('gl), n. a bird of prey, genus 
Aquila, noted for its strength, size, 
and keenness of vision ; a gold coin 
of the United States = 10 dollars ; the 
military standard of ancient Rome. 

eagle- wood (-wood), n. a highly 
fragrant resinous wood. Also agal- 
lochum. 

eaglet ('glet), n. a young eagle. 

ear (er), n. the organ of hearing; 
. delicate perception of sounds ; at- 
tention ; a spike of corn ; anything 
that resembles an ear. 

eared (erd), adj. having ears. 

earing (er'ing), n. a small rope for 
fastening the upper corner of a sail 
to a yard or stanchion ; a plowing 
of land ; the formation of ears, as 
in wheat. 

earl (erl), n. nobleman next in rank 
below a marquis. 

earldoiH ('dum), n. the possessions 
or dignity of an earl. 

early (er'li), adj. [comp. earlier, 
superl. earliest], before the usual 
time ; seasonable : adv. soon ; sea- 
sonably. 

earmark (er'mark), n. a mark for 
identification : v.t. to set a distinc- 
tive mark upon. 

earn (ern), v.t. to gain as a just 
recompense for one's labor, service, 
&c. ; merit. 

earnest ('est), adj. in serious reality : 
serious in speech or action ; ardent ; 
zealous; eager: n. a portion of 
something given or done in advance 
as a pledge. 



earnings ('ingz), n.pl. wages; re« 

ward. 
earring (er'ring), n. an ear orna« 

ment. 

eartlx (erth), ?i. the inhabited terra- 
queous globe ; the solid materials 
which compose the globe ; ground ; 
soil ; a region or land ; worldly 
things or interests ; the inhabitants 
of the globe ; that part of the ground 
forming part of an electric cir- 
cuit : v.t. to hide or bury in the 
earth ; place in connection with the 

t earth : v.i. to burrow. 

i earthen ('en), adj. made of earth. 

j earthenware (-war), n. vessels or 

I other objects made of clay or a 

[ similar earthy substance. 

; earthly (-li), adj. pertaining to the 
earth ; sensual ; worldly ; possible ; 
conceivable. 
earthnut ('nut), n. the ground nut. 
earthquake ('kwak), n. a shaking 
or trembling of the earth produced 
by subterranean volcanic forces. 
earth^work (-werk), n. a cutting or 
embankment ; an offensive or de- 
fensive fortification constructed 
chiefly of earth, 
earthworm ('werm), n. a common 
name for worms that live in the 
ground. 
earthy ('i), adj. pertaining to, com- 
posed of, or resembling, the earth; 
dull ; coarse. 
earwax (er'waks), n. cerumen. 

earwig (er'wig), n. a well-known 

: insect with a pair of curved forceps 

I at its tail: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. earwig- 
ged, p.pr. earwigging], to gain the 
ear of and influence by whispered or 
covert statements. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



286 



eas 



287 



eee 



ease (ez), n. freedom from pain, dis- 
turbance, labor, or affectation ; 
quiet ; repose ; facility : v,t. to free 
from pain, anxiety, or trouble; give 
rest or relief. 

easel (e'zl), n. a wooden frame or 
tripod for supporting a canvas, 
blackboard, &c. 

easement (ez'ment), n. that v^hich 
gives ease or relief ; a right of ac- 
commodation in another's land, or a 
right of passage. 

east (est), n. that part of the hea.vens 
where the sun is seen to rise ; one 
of the four cardinal points ; the 
eastern part of the earth : adj. com- 
ing from the east ; near the altar of 
a church, as seen from the nave : 
adv. in an easterly direction. 

East (est) , n. the Orient ; eastern part 
of the United States. 

Easter (es'ter), n. a festival of the 
Christian Church to commemorate 
the resurrection of Jesus Christ : 
adj. pertaining to Easter. 

easterly (-li), adv. situated, or mov- 
ing towards, the east : adj. in the 
direction of the east. 

eastern (est'ern), adj. situated to- 
wards, or lying in, the east. 

Eastern (-em), adj. Oriental. 

Eastern Churcli (cherch), n. the 
Orthodox Oriental or Greek Church. 

Eastern Empire (em'pir), n. that 
part of the later Roman Empire 
which had its papital at Byzantium 
( Constantinople) . 

Easterner (-er), n. a person who 
resides in the eastern part of the 
United States. 

Eastern question (kwes'chun), n. 
the term applied to the complicated 
internal problems arising out of the 
possession by the Turks of the 
southeast of Europe, and their re- 
lations to Russia and adjoining 
states. 

easting ('ing), n. the distance trav- 
ersed by a vessel eastward from a 
given meridian. 

eastward ('ward), adv. toward, or 
in the direction of, the east. Also 
eastwards. 

easy (-ez'i), adj. [comp. easier, superl. 
easiest], free from pain, disturbance. 



&c. ; not burdensome ; moderate ; 
well-to-do ; credulous ; natural ; not 
formal ; yielding ; gentle ; self-indul- 
gent : adv. easily : n. diminution in 
speed while rowing. 

eat (et), v.t. [p.t. ate, p.p. eaten, p.pr. 
eating], to chew and swallow, as 
food ; devour ; consume ; corrode : 
waste or wear away : v.i. to take 
food ; penetrate ; taste. 

ean (6),n. [pi. eaux (oz), (French)], 
water, especially as applied to per- 
fumes, cordials, spirituous waters, 
&c., as eau de cologne. 

eaves (evz), n.pl. the edges of the 
roof which overhang a building. 

eavesdrop ('drop), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
eavesdropped, p.23r. eavesdropping], 
to listen to the private conversa- 
tion of others. 

ebauchoir (a-bo-shwar'), n. a large 
broad hewing chisel used by statu- 
aries. 

ebb (eb), n. the flowing back of the 
tide ; ebb-tide ; decline : v.i. to flow 
back or return, as the tide to the 
sea ; decline ; recede. 

eblis (eb'lis), n. the Mohammedan 
Devil ; in Mohammedan mythology, 
the chief evil spirit. 

ebonite ('un-it), n. a hard dark va- 
riety of vulcanite. 

ebonize (-iz), v.t. to make black by 
staining like ebony. 

ebony ('un-i), n. a hard, heavy, dur- 
able black-colored wood [pi. ebonies 
(-iz)], negroes: adj. made of, or 
like, ebony. 

eboulement (a-bool'mang), n. the 
crumbling of a wall or fortification; 
a landslip ; avalanche. 

ebullition (eb-u-lish'un), n. the act 
of boiling ; effervescence ; a sufiden 
outburst of feeling. 

eburine (eb'ti-rin), n. an artificial 
ivory. 

e carte (a-kar-ta'), n. a game of cards 
played by two persons with 32 cards, 
from which those from two to six 
have been cast out. 

ecaudate (e-kaw'dat), adj. tailless. 

ecbatic (ek-bat'ik), adj. denoting the 
relation of cause and effect. 

eccentric ('sen-trik), adj. not sit- 
uated in, or deviating from the cen- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book: hue, hut; think, then. 



ecc 



288 



ter ; peculiar in manner or char- 
acter ; erratic ; not having the same 
center : opposed to concentric : n. a 
circle or sphere not having the same 
center as another circle ; a mechanic- 
al device for converting continuous 
circular motion into reciprocating 
rectilinear motion. 

eccentricity (-tris'i-ti), n. [pi. ec- 
centricities (-tiz)], deviation from 
a center ; peculiarity of manner or 
character ; idiosyncrasy. 

ecchymosis (-i-mo'sis), n. a livid 
spot on the skin, caused by extrav- 
asated blood. 

ecclesiastic (e-kle-zi-as'tik), n. a 
person in holy orders ; a clergyman. 

ecclesiastical (-al), adj. pertaining 
to the Chvirch and its organization 
or government. 

ecclesiastically (-li), adv. in an ec- 
clesiastical manner. 

ecclesiasticism ( -as ' ti -sizm), n. 
strong attachment to the forms, 
usages, organization, and privileges 
of the Church. 

ecclesiology (-zi-ol'o-ji), n. the 
science which treats of the Church 
as an organized society, and of its 
development ; science of church 
architecture and decoration. 

echelon (esh'e-lon), n. an arrange- 
ment of a body of troops in the form 
of steps ; an arrangement of the 
vessels of a fleet in V form : v.t. to 
form in echelon. 

ecliinoderm (e-ki'no-derm), w. an in- 
dividual of the Echinodermata, a 
class of animals in Cuvier's system 
vphich includes the star-fishes, sea- 
urchins, &c. 

echinus Cnus), n. [pi. echini ('m)], 
a sea-urchin ; a rounded egg-shaped 
molding. 

echo (ek'o), n. [pi. echoes ('oz)], 
the repetition of a sound caused by 
reflection ; the repetition of the 
words or opinions of others : v.i. 
[p.t. & p.p. echoed; p.pr. echoing], 
to emit an echo ; give, or reflect 
back, a sound : v.t. to repeat the 
sound of; repeat closely (the words, 
&c., of others). 

echometry (e-kom'e-tri), n. the art 
of measuring the duration of sounds. 



eclair (a-klar'), n. a small oblong 
cake containing flavored cream, &c., 
covered on the top with sugar or 
chocolate. 

eclaircissement (-ses'mang), n. an 
explanation or clearing up of some- 
thing previously obscure or misun- 
derstood. 

eclat (a-kla'), n. a bursting forth, as 
of applause or admiration ; renown ; 
striking effect ; splendor. 

eclectic (ek-lek'tik) , adj. selecting or 
choosing from different systems, doc- 
trines, or sources ; liberal and broad 
in taste or belief : n. one of a class 
of ancient philosophers. 

eclecticism ('ti-sizm), n. the eclectic 
system of philosophy. 

eclipse (e-klips'), n. the total or par- 
tial obscuration of the light of a 
heavenly body caused by its entering 
the shadow of another body : hence 
diminution : obscuration ; temporary 
failure : adj. pertaining to an 
eclipse : v.t. to cover or obscure by 
an eclipse ; darken or conceal ; over- 
shadow. 

ecliptic (-klip'tik), n. the apparent 
path of the sun, or real path of the 
earth, in the heavens during a year. 

eclogue (ek'log), n. a pastoral poem. 

economic (ek-o, or e-ko-nom'ik), adj. 
frugal ; saving ; pertaining to_ do- 
mestic economy. Also economical r 
n.pl. political economy. 

economically (-al-li), adv. with 
economy. 

economist (-kon'o-mist), n. one pru- 
dent in expenditure ; a student of 
political economy. 

economize ('o-miz), v.t. to manage 
with care or frugality : v.i. to be 
careful in outlay. 

economy ('o-mi), n. [pi. economies 
(-miz)], the regulation of household 
affairs ; frugality in expenditure ; 
any system of religious laws, rites, 
or ceremonies. 

ecorche (a-kor-sha'), n. an anatom- 
ical model, represented as deprived 
of the skin ; to exhibit for study the 
muscular system. 

ccrevisse (a-kre-ves'), n. a piece of 
armor formed of overlapping splints 
resembling the tail of the crawfish. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met: mite, mit : note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



289 



edu 



6cTXL ( a-kroo' ) , adj. unbleached : said 
of the color of textile fabrics. 

ecstasy (ek'sta-si), n. [pi. ecstasies 
(-siz)], the state of being beside 
one's self ; excessive joy ; a kind of 
cataleptic trance. 

ecstatic (-stat'ik), adj. overpower- 
ing ; rapturous ; entrancing. Also 
ecstatical. 

ecstatically (-&I-Ii), adv. raptur- 
ously. 

ectasis (ek'ta-sis), n. the pronuncia- 
tion of a vowel as long, or its length- 
ing if short. 

ectoblast ('to-blast), n. an outer cell 
wall. 

ectocyst ('sist), n. the outer covering 
of a polyzoon. 

ectoderm (-derm), n. the external 
skin, or outer layer, of an animal or 
plant. 

ectoplasm (-plazm), n, the exterior 
protoplasm or sarcode of a cell, 

ectozoa (-zo'a), n.pl. external para- 
sites. 

ectype (ek'tip), n. a reproduction or 
imitation of an original design. 

ectypography (-ti-pog'ra-fi), n. a 
method of etching in relief. 

6cu (a-ko6') , n. a mediaeval shield ; the 
name of various gold and silver coins 
formerly current in France. 

ecumenic (ek-u-men'ik), adj. gen- 
eral ; universal, pertaining to the 
Christian Church throughout the 
world : said of certain councils of 
the Church. Also ecumenical. 

eczema ('ze-ma), n. an inflammatory 
disease of the skin. 

eddy (ed'i), n. [pi. eddies ('iz)], a 
contrary current of air or water 
causing a circular motion ; a small 
whirlpool : v.i. to move with a circu- 
lar motion ; whirl. 

edelTveiss (a'dl-vis) , n. a small peren- 
nial white, woolly, composite Alpine 
plant. 

Eden (e'dn), n. paradise; any partic- 
ularly delightful region or residence. 

edge (ej), n. the thin, sharp or cut- 
ting part of an instrument ; extreme 
border ; brink ; margin ; keenness ; 
mental acuteness : v.t. to furnish 
with an edge or a border ; exasper- 
ate ; incite ; move forward little by 



little : v.i. to sail close to the wind. 

edged ('d), p. adj. furnished with an 
edge, border, or fringe. 

edge-tool (tool), n. any sharp tool. 

edging ('ing), n. that which forms 
an edge or border ; narrow lace or 
embroidery for a garment ; the oper- 
ation of shaping or ornamenting 
anything. 

edible ('i-bl), adj. fit to be eaten as 
food : n. something fit to be eateu 
(usually in pi.) . 

edict (e'dikt), n. a public proclama- 
tion or decree issued by a sovereign 
and having the force of a law. 

edification (ed-i-fi-ka'shun), n. a 
building up in a moral or religious 
sense ; instruction. 

edify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. edified, 
p.pr. edifying], to build up or 
strengthen, especially in faith or 
morals ; impart instruction to. 

edit ('it), v.t. to revise and prepare 
for publication ; direct, select, and 
adapt literary matter for the press ; 
make a revision of. 

edition (e-dish'un), n. the published 
form of a literary work ; the number 
of copies of a book, magazine, or 
newspaper published at one time ; 
reproduction. 

editor (ed'i-ter), ti. one who superin- 
tends, revises, or prepares a literary 
work for publication ; one who con- 
ducts a newspaper, magazine, &c. 

editorial (-tor'i-al), adj. pertaining 
to an editor, or his duties : n. a 
leading article. 

editress ('i-tres), n. a female editor. 

educate ('ti-kat) , v.t. to impart 
knowledge to ; cultivate the moral or 
intellectual faculties of; instruct; 
train. 

education (-ka'shun), n. the act, pro- 
cess, or result of educating ; the sys- 
tematic training of the moral and 
intellectual faculties ; the rearing of 
animals. 

educationist ('shun-ist), n. one 
versed in the art, theory, and meth- 
ods of education ; one who advocates 
the promotion and extension of edu- 
cation. 

educator (-ka-ter), n. one who, or 
that which, educates ; a tutor ; an 
educationist. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon^ 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



edii 



290 



eff 



educe (e-dus'), v.t. to draw out; 
evolve ; bring to light. 

eduction (e-duk'shun), n. the act of 
exhausting, as steam. 

eductive (tiv), adj. drawing out. 

eel (el), n. an elongated fish, destitute 
of ventral fins, having a slippery 
mucous skin. 

eelbuck ('buk), n. a funnel-shaped 
wicker basket for catching eels. 

eelfare ('far), n. the passage of 
young eels up a stream ; a brood of 
eels. 

eel-pout ('pout), n. the burbot. 

e'en (en), contraction of even and 
evening. 

e'er (ar), contraction of ever. 

eerie (e'ri), adj. lonely; weird; 
gloomy ; mysterious. Also eery. 

efface (ef-fas'), v.t. to obliterate; 
render indistinguishable ; destroy. 

effaceable ('a-bl), adj. capable of 
being effaced. 

ejffacement ('ment), n. obliteration. 

effect (ef-fekt'), v.t. to produce as a 
cause, consequence, or result ; ac- 
complish ; fulfil : n. result ; purpose : 
realization ; efficiency ; purport : pi. 
goods ; personal estate. 

effective ('iv), adj. having the power 
to effect ; operative ; efficient ; pow- 
erful : n. a soldier fit for duty. 

effectual ('ti-al), adj. producing, or 
having, effect ; completely operative ; 
efficient. 

effectually (-li), adv. in an effectual 
manner. 

effeminacy (-fem'i-n§.-si), n. the 
quality of being effeminate ; woman- 
ish softness or delicacy ; unmanli- 
ness. 

effeminate ('i-nat), v.t. to make 
womanish or delicate; unman: v.i. 
become womanish : adj. having the 
qualities or characteristics of a 
woman ; delicate or unmanly. 

efferent ('fer-ent), adj. conveying or 
discharging outwards, 

effervesce (-ves'), v.i. to be in a 
state of natural ebullition ; bubble 
or hiss. 

effervescence ('ens), n. the state or 
condition of effervescing ; irrepressi- 
ble excitement ; a display of feeling. 

effervescent ('ent), adj. gently bub- 



bling and hissing from the giving off 
of gas. 

effervescible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
effervescing. 

effete (-fef), adj. worn out; barren; 
exhausted. 

efficacious (-i-ka'shus), adj. produc- 
ing, or capable of producing, a de- 
sired effect. 

eiiicacy (-ka-si), n. power to produce 
results or effects ; ability. 

efficiency (-fish'en-si), n. effectual 
agency or power ; the state of being 
efficient. 

efficient ('ent), adj. producing or 
causing effects or results ; powerful ; 
ready : n. an agent or cause ; a qual- 
ified person. 

effigy Ci-ji), n. [pi. effigies (-jiz)], 
an image ; a likeness or figure in 
sculpture, painting, or on coins, &c. 

effloresce (flo-res'), v.i. to blossom; 
become covered with a whitish crust 
or fine white crystals. 

efflorescence ('ens), n. the time or 
state of flowering ; the production of 
flowers ; redness of the skin ; the 
formation of fine white crystals on 
the surface of efflorescing substances. 

efflorescent ('ent), adj. blossoming. 

effluence ('flti-ens), n. an issuing out. 

effluent (-ent), adj. flowing or issu- 
ing forth : n. a stream which flows 
out of another or forms the outlet of 
a lake. 

effluvial ('vi-M), adj. pertaining to 
effluvia. 

effluvium ('vi-um), n. [pi. effluvia 
(-fi) ], an invisible subtle emanation ; 
disagreeable exhalations arising from 
decaying matter. 

efflux ('fluks), n. the act of flowing 
out ; effluence ; emanation ; a passing 
away. 

effoliation (-fol-i-a'shun), n. the de- 
priving of leaves : said of a plant. 

effort ('fort), n. strenuous exertion, 
physical or mental ; struggle ; at- 
tempt. 

effrontery (-frunt'er-i), n. impu- 
dence. 

effulgence (-ful'jens), n. a great lus- 
ter, brightness, or splendor. 

effusion (-fu'zhun), n. the act of 



ate, iirm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



eff 



291 



ela 



pouring out, or shedding forth ; an 
outpouring of thought or sentiment ; 
the escape of a fluid from the vessel 
inclosing it. 

effusive ('siv), adj. pouring forth 
freely or widely. 

eft (eft), n. a newt. 

egad (e-gad'), inter j. an exclamation 
of wonder, pleasure, or admiration. 

egg (eg), n. the oval or roundish body 
laid by birds and certain other ani- 
mals, from which their young are 
produced ; something shaped like an 
egg ; the germ or first principle of 
anything : v.t. to urge on or incite ; 
pelt with eggs. 

egging ('ing), n. incitement. 

egis, same as aegis. 

eglantine ('lan-tin), n. the dog-rose. 

ego (e'go), n. self; personality. 

egoism (-izm), n. the habit of re- 
garding self as the center of every- 
thing ; the doctrine that everything 
is uncertain but the fact of one's 
existence. 

egoist (-ist), n. an adherent of ego- 
ism. 

egotism (e'go-, or eg'o-tizm), n. self- 
exaltation in thought, speech, or 
writing ; vanity. 

egotist (-tist), n. one characterized 
by egotism. 

egotistic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
characterized by, egotism. Also ego- 
tistical. 

egregious (e-gre'jus), adj. extraordi- 
nary. 

egress ('gres), n. departure. 

egret ('gret), n. a species of heron ; a 
heron's plume ; the feathery down of 
seeds. 

egyptology ('o-ji), n. the science or 
scientific investigation of Egyptian 
antiquities and hieroglyphics. 

eider (i'der), n. a large marine duck, 
the down of which is an article of 
commercial value. 

eidograpb. ('do-graf),, n. an appara- 
tus for copying drawiiigs, &c. 

eidoscope (-sk5p), n. an instrument 
for producing an infinite variety of 
geometrical figures. 

eight (at), adj. one more than 7: a 



cardinal numeral : n. the sum of 7 
and 1 ; a symbol (8, VIII., viii.), de- 
noting this number. 

eighteen (a'ten), adj. one more than 
17 : a cardinal numeral : n. the sum 
of 17 and 1; a symbol (18, XVIII., 
xviii.), denoting this number. 

eighteenmo (-mo), n. a book whose 
sheets are folded into 18 leaves. Oc- 
todecimo. 

eighteenth ('tenth), adj. next in or- 
der after 17th : an ordinal numeral. 

eighth (at'th), adj. next after sev- 
enth : an ordinal numeral : n. an in- 
terval of an octave. 

eightieth (a'ti-eth), adj. next to 
79th. 

eightscore ('skCr), adj. containing 
eight times 20 : n. 160. 

eighty ('ti), adj. 8 times 10. 

eikon (i'kon), n. \_pl. eikones ('ko- 
nez)], a holy image; a sacred pic- 
ture used in the Greek Church. 

eis-'wool (is'wool), n. a fine kind of 
worsted. 

either (e' or I'tMv) , adj. one or the 
other of two ; both : pron. one of 
two : conj. the correlative to or. 

ejaculate (e-jak'ti-lat), v.t. to utter 
suddenly : v.i. to utter ejaculations. 

ejaculation (-la'shun), n. the act of 
uttering suddenly ; an exclamation. 

ejaculatory ('u-la-to-ri), cwZ/. uttered 
suddenly or sharply. 

eject (e-jekf), v.t. to cast forth; dis- 
miss from office ; evict. 

ejecta ('a), n.pl. refuse. 

ejection (-jek'shun), n. expulsion. 

ejective ('tiv), adj. pertaining to 
ejection. 

ejectment ('ment), n. the act of 
ejecting ; an action for the recovery 
of lands, &c. 

ejector ('ter), n. one who, or that 
which, ejects. 

ejoo-fiber (ej'oo-fi'ber), n. a strong 
black fiber, used in commerce. 

eke (ek), v.t. to extend or lengthen, 
(with out): adv. also; likewise 
[poet.]. 

elaborate (e-lab'o-rat), v.t. to pro- 
duce with labor ; improve or refine 
with study or labor : adj. highly-fin- 
ished ; complicated. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; bo6n^> 
book; hue, hut; think, tliQU. 



ela 



292 



ele 



elaborately (-li), adv. in an elab- 
orate manner. 

elaborator (-ra-ter), n. one who, or 
that which, elaborates. 

elain, same as olein. 

elan (a-liing'), n. dash. 

eland (e'land), n. the Cape elk. 

elapse (-laps'), vA. to slip or glide 

away ; run out without notice. 
^elastic (-las'tik) , adj. springing back : 
having the power of returning to its 
original form ; rebounding ; springy ; 
capable of extension : n. an elastic 
woven fabric made in part of india- 
rubber. 

elasticity (-tis'i-ti), n. the quality of 
being elastic ; power to recover from 
depression. 

elastic-tissue (-tish'u), n. elastic 
light yellow tissue in the ligaments 
of the vertebrae. 

elate (-laf), v.t. to raise the sp'rits 
of ; cause to feel exultant ; excite ; 
puff up. 

elation (-la'shun), n. the state of be- 
ing elated ; joyful elevation of mind. 

elbo-w (el'bo), n. the joint or'bend of 
the arm ; anything bent or curved 
like an elbow : v.t. to thrust on one 
side : v.i, to jut into an angle ; push 
rudely. 

elder ('der), adj. older; exceeding an- 
other in age ; prior in time, origin, 
or appointment : n. one older in age, 
rank, or station ; a lay member of 
the Jewish Sanhedrim ; one of a 
body of laymen, in certain churches, 
authorized to superintend its spir- 
itual interests, and to assist the 
minister ; a shrub or tree with a 
spongy pith and purple berries. 

elderly ('li), adj. somewhat old. 

eldest ('est), adj. oldest; firstborn. 

El Dorado (do-ra'do), n. an imagin- 
ary country in South America, fa- 
bled to be very rich in gold and 
precious stones : hence an inexhaus- 
tible treasure. 

elect (e-lekt'), v.t. to choose for any 
office or use ; choose by ballot ; select 
from a number : adj. taken in prefer- 
ence ; chosen to an office but not yet 
invested with the dignity : n.pl. 
those chosen to eternal life by Di- 
vine Sovereignty. 



election (-lek'shun), n. the act of 
electing ; voluntary preference ; the 
act of choosing a person for some of- 
fice or function by show of hands, or 
ballot ; the selection by Divine Sov- 
ereignty of certain individuals to 
eternal life ; one of the five points of 
Calvinism. 

electioneer (-shun-er'), v.i. to em- 
ploy means for influencing the result 
of an election. 

electioneering ('ing), n. the act of 
canvassing for, or the means em- 
ployed to secure, votes at an elec- 
tion. 

elective (-lek'tiv), adj. regulated by 
choice ; exerting the power of choice : 
opposed to hereditary ; having the 
tendency to attract, or combine with. 

elector ('ter), n. one legally qualified 
to vote ; a member of a United 
States electoral college ; one of the 
German princes who formerly pos- 
sessed the power of electing the Em- 
peror. 

electoral (-al), adj. pertaining to 
elections or electors; having the 
rights of an elector. 

electoral college (kol'ej), n. body 
of representatives elected by the vot- 
ers of the several states to choose a 
president of the United States. 

electorate ('to-rat) , n. the whole body 
of persons entitled to vote ; the dig- 
nity or territory of an elector of the 
old German empire. 

electric ('trik), adj. pertaining to, 
containing, generated by, or pro- 
duced by, electricity ; magnetic. Also 
electrical. 

electrically (-al-li), adv. by elec- 
tricity. 

electrician (-trish'un), n. one who 
is skilled in the science of electric- 
ity ; the maker or vendor of electri- 
cal appliances. 

electricity (-tris'i-ti), n. an impon- 
derable and invisible agent produc- 
ing light, heat, chemical decomposi- 
tion, and other physical phenomena ; 
the science of the laws and phenom- 
ena which characterize electricity. 

electricute (-kut), v.t. same as elec- 
trocute. 

electrifiable ('tri-f i-a-bl ) , adj. capa- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; Doon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ele 



293 



el^ 



ble of receiving, being charged with, 
or transmitting, electricity. 

electrification (-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
act of electrifying ; the state of be- 
ing electrified. 

electrify ('tri-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
electrified, p.pr. electrifying], to 
charge with, or act upon, by elec- 
tricity ; pass an electric current 
through. Also electrize. 

electro, a prefix denoting electricity 
as the motive power, or operating 
agent, used in many words, the 
meaning of which is self-evident, as 
eZec^ro-engrave, eZec/ro-gild, &c. 

electro-biology (-bi-ol'o-ji), n. mes- 
merism. 

electro-cautery (-kaw'ter-i) , n. cau- 
terizing by a platinum wire heated 
by electricity. 

electrocute ('tro-ktit), v.t. to put to 
death j^a criminal) by an electric 
current*. 

electrocution (-ku'shun), n. the act 
of electrocuting. 

electrode (e-lek'trod), n. either of 
the terminals of an electric source ; 
anode or cathode. 

electro- dynamics (-di-nam'iks), n. 
that branch of physics which treats 
of electric currents. 

electro-dynamometer (-na-mom'e- 
ter), n. an instrument for measur- 
ing the strength of an electric cur- 
rent. 

electrograph (-graf), n. an appara- 
tus used in preparing copper cylin- 
ders for printing fabrics and wall- 
papers. 

electrograpliy (-trog'ra-fi), w. a pro- 
cess of copying fine engravings on 
copper or steel by means of an elec- 
tro-copper deposit. 

electrokinetics (-ki-net'iks), n. that 
branch of electrical science which 
treats of electric currents, or elec- 
tricity in motion, as distinguished 
from electrostatics. 

electrolier (-tro-ler'), n. an orna- 
mental metal bracket for supporting 
electric lamps. 

electrolysis (-trol'i-sis), n. the de- 
composition of a chemical com- 
pound by electricity into its compo- 
nent parts. 



electrolyze ('tro-liz), v.t. to decom- 
pose by the direct action of elec- 
tricity or galvanism. 

electro-magnet (-mag'net) , n. a coil 
of soft iron rendered magnetic by 
the passage of an electric current 
through it. 

electromagnetics (-mag-net'iks), n, 
the science of electro-magnetism. 

electromassage (-mas-aj'), n. mas- 
sage with the application of an elec- 
tric current. 

electrometallurgy (-met'al-er-ji), n. 
the art of precipitating certain met- 
als from their solutions, or of sep- 
arating metals from their ores, &c., 
by a slow electric current. 

electrometer (-trom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring the amount 
of electrical force. 

electromotor (-mo'ter), n. any ar- 
rangement, or apparatus, which pro- 
duces or excites an electric current ; 
a dynamo. 

electron (e-lek'tron), n. an electrical 
unit. 

electronegative (-neg'a-tiv) , adj. 
having a tendency to pass to the pos- 
itive pole in electrolysis. 

electropathy (-trop'a-thi), n. the 
treatment of diseases by electricity. 

electroplione (-fon), n. an instru- 
ment for producing resonant sounds 
by electric currents ; a form of tele- 
phonic transmitter. 

electrophorus (-trof'o-rus), n. an 
instrument for generating statical 
electricity by induction. 

electropliotometer ( -f o-tom'e-ter ) , 
n. an instrument for comparing the 
brightness of various lights with 
that produced by an electric spark. 

electrophotomicrograpliy (-fo-to- 
mi-krog'ra-fi), n. photographing by 
electric light objects magnified by 
the microscope. t 

electrophysiology (-fiz-i-ol'o-ji), n. 
that branch of electricity which in- 
vestigates the electric phenomena of 
living organisms. 

electroplate ('tro-plat), v.t. to cov- 
er or give a coating of metal to by 
means of a current of electricity : n. 
an article thus coated : generally ap- 
plied to silver plate. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ele 



294 



elf 



electropositive (-poz'i-tiv), adj. 

tending to pass to the negative pole 

in electrolysis. 
electroscope (-skop), n. an electrom* 

eter. 

electrotlierape'atics, see electropa- 
thy. 

electroteclia&ics (-tek'niks), n. the 
science of the processes or methods 
in which electricity is applied to the 
industrial arts. 

electrotintimg (-tint'ing) , n. a meth- 
od of producing a design, &c., in re- 
lief on a metal plate, the lines of 
which when exposed in an electro- 
bath are protected by an agent. 

electrotype ('tro-tip), n. a facsimile 
in metal of any object made by cov- 
ering a mold, plate, &c.,with a coat- 
ing of copper by the action of a gal- 
vanic electric current : v.i. to take a 
copy of by electrical deposition. 

electrum ( 'trum) , n. amber ; German 
silver plate. 

electuary (-lek'-tti-a-ri), w. a purga- 
tive composed of powders and fruit 
preserves. 

eleenaosynary (el-e-mos'i-na-ri), adj. 
pertaining to alms ; devoted to chari- 
table purposes ; dependent upon 
charity : n. one who lives on alms. 

elegance ('e-gans),) n. [pi. elegances 
(-gan-siz)], the state or quality of 
being elegant ; polish ; refinement ; 
symmetry. 

elegant (-gant), adj. characterized by 
refinement and good taste ; refined ; 
polished ; beautiful in form, color, 
or design. 

elegiac (el-e-ji'ak, or e-le'ji-ak), adj. 
pertaining to, or of the nature of, an 
elegy ; plaintive ; mournful : n. a song 
expressing sorrow ; a funeral song. 

elegit (e-le'jit), n. a writ of execu- 
tion under which a creditor can hold 
a debtor's goods until his claim is 
satisfied. 

elegy (el'e-ji), n. [pi. elegies (-jiz)], 
a funeral song or ode ; dirge ; re- 
quiem. 

element (el'e-ment), n. a first or con- 
stituent principle ; a component or 
essential part ; a substance which 
cannot be decomposed by any known 
method ; natural environment ; in- 



gredient : pi. the letters or sounds 
of the alphabet ; the Eucharistic 
bread and wine. 

elemental ( 'al ) , adj. pertaining to, or 
characteristic of, an element ; fun- 
damental. Also elementary. 

elephant ('e-fant), n. a large five- 
toed proboscidian mammal with a 
flexible trunk and large tusks. 

elepkantiasis (-ti'a-sis), n. a cuta- 
neous disease resembling leprosy. 

elepliantine ('tin), adj. pertaining 
to, or resembling, an elephant ; 
huge ; unwieldy. 

elepliantoid ('toid), adj. like an ele- 
phant. 

elevate (el'e-vat), v.t. to raise from 
a lower to a higher position ; enno- 
ble ; animate ; inspire ; raise by train- 
ing or education ; to intoxicate 
slightly. 

elevation (-va'shun), n. the act of 
elevating ; the state of b'eing ele- 
vated ; a sketch plan of the front or 
principal side of a building ; the alti- 
tude of a heavenly body above the 
horizon ; raising of the land by seis- 
mic or other agency: slight intoxi- 
cation. 

elevator (-ter), n. that which raises 
up or exalts ; a hoisting machine or 
lift ; a warehouse for the storage of 
grain. 

elevatory (-to-ri), adj. tending to 
. elevate. 

eleven (e-lev'n), adj. 10 with 1 added : 
a cardinal numeral : n. the sum of 10 
with 1 added. 

eleventh, (-lev'nth), adj. next in or- 
der after 10th : an ordinal numeral ; 
constituting one of 11 parts : n. one 
of 11 equal parts. 

elf (elf), n. \_pl. elves (elvz)], a di- 
minutive mischievous sprite supposed 
to haunt hills and wild places ; a 
dwarf ; fairy. 

elf -child ('child), n. a child believed 
to have been left by the fairies in 
the place of one stolen by them ; a 
changeling. 

el&n ( 'fin ) , w. an inhabitant of fairy- 
land ; a sportive child : adj. pertain- 
ing to elves. 

elf -fire (elf 'fir), n. will-o'-the-wisp. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, f/ten. 



elf 



295 



elfish (.'isb), adj. resembling, or 
caused by, an elf ; mischievous. 

elf kin ('kin), n. a little elf. 

elf-lock ('lok), n. a knot of hair 
twisted in an intricate manner. 

elicit (e-lis'it), v.t. to draw out. 

elide (-lid'), v.t. to slur over, or cut 
off, as a final vowel. 

eligibility (el-i-ji-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being eligible. 

eligible (el'i-ji-bl), adj. capable of 
being, or fit to be, chosen ; legally 
qualified. 

eliminate (e-lim'i-nat), v.t. to leave 
out of consideration, or cast aside. 

eliquate (el'i-kwat), v.t. to separate 
or melt out, as metal from ore. 

elision (e-lizh'un), n. the cutting off 
of a vowel or syllable for the sake 
of euphony, as o'er for over. 

61ite (a-lef), n. the choicest part, as 
of society, a profession, an army, &c. 

elixir (-lik'ser), n. an imaginary 
liquid of the alchemists supposed to 
be capable of prolonging life indefi- 
nitely, and of changing baser metals 
into gold ; a tincture, essence, or 
cordial. 

elk (elk) , w. a very large deer of North 
America and Northern Europe ; the 
moose-deer. 

elk-wood ('wood), n. the wood of the 
ambrella-tree. 

ell (el), n. a measure formerly used 
for cloth, varying in different coun- 
tries, an English ell being 45 inches. 

ellipse (el-lips'), n. one of the sec- 
tions of a cone ; the elliptical orbit 
of a planet. 

ellipsis ('is), n. the omission of a 
word or words in a sentence, the 
sense of which is obvious. 

ellipsoid ('oid), n. an elliptical sphe- 
roid. 

elliptic (-lip'tik), adj. pertaining to, 
or formed like, an ellipse ; having a 
part omitted. Also elliptical. 

elliptically (-al-li), adv. in an ellip- 
tical manner. 

ellipticity (-lip-tis'i-ti), n. the qual- 
ity of being elliptic ; the extent of 
any divergence of any ellipse from 
the circle. 

elm (elm), n. a tree of various spe- 
cies belonging to the genus Ulmus. 



elocution (el-o-kti'shun), n. the art, 
manner, or style of speaking in pub- 
lic ; delivery. 

elocutionary (-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
to elocution. 

elocutionist (-ist), n. one skilled in, 
or a teacher of, the art of elocution. 

elod (ei'od), n. the odic force of elec- 
tricity. 

eloge (a-l6zh'), n. a funeral oration, 
especially one pronounced on the 
death of a member of the French 
Academy. 

EloMm (el'o-him), n. one of the 
Old Testament names of God. 

elongate (e-long'gat), v.t. to stretch 
out ; extend ; lengthen. 

elongation (-ga'shun), n. extension. 

elope (e-l6p'), v.i. to escape private- 
ly ; run away with a lover or para- 
mour. 

elopement ('ment), n. running away. 

eloquence (el'o-kwens), n. the art of 
speaking with fluency and elegance. 

eloquent (-kwent), adj. having the 
power of fluent and elegant oratory. 

else (els), adv. besides; otherwise. 

elsewhere ('hwar), adv. in another 
place. 

elucidate (e-ltis'i-dat), v.t. to make 
clear ; render intelligible ; illustrate. 

elucidator ('i-da-ter), n. one who 
elucidates ; an expositor. 

elude (e-lud'), v.t. to avoid by artifice 
or dexterity ; shun ; escape. 

elusion (-Iti'zhun), n. evasion; arti- 
fice. 

elusive ('siv), adj. deceptive; falla- 
cious. 

elusory ('so-ri), adj. evasive; decep- 
tive. 

elvan ('v&n), adj. pertaining to elves. 

elver ('ver), n. a young conger. 

elves, pi. of elf. 

elysian (-liz'i-an), adj. pertaining to 
elysium ; yielding the highest enjoy- 
ment. 

Elysium ('i-um), n. the Greek Para- 
dise or residence of the blessed after 
death ; a condition of perfect happi- 
ness. 

em (em), n. the square body of any 
size of type, serving as a unit of 
measurement. 

emaciate (e-ma'shi-at), v.i. to lose 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



boon. 



296 



emb 



flesh gradually ; pine away : v.t. to 
make thin. 

emanate (em'a-nat), v.i. to flow out, 
issue, or proceed, as from a source. 

emancipate (e-man'si-pat), v.t. to 
liberate from servitude or bondage ; 
set free ; enfranchise. 

emancipator (-pa-ter), n. a libera- 
tor. 

eiuarginate ' (-mar'gin-at), adj. in- 
dented at the edges ; having the apex 
notched. 

emasculate (-mas'kti-lat), v.t. to 
castrate ; deprive of virility ; weaken 
by expurgation : adj. castrated ; de- 
prived of vigor. 

embalm (em-bam'), v.t. to preserve 
from decay by balsams or aromatic 
spices ; keep from putrefaction by 
antiseptics. 

embank (-bangk'), v.t. to inclose 
with a bank ; protect by a bank. 

embankment ('ment), n..a bank of 
earth, stones, &c., for protection or 
defense. 

embargo (-bar'go), n. [pi. embar- 
goes ( 'goz ) ] , an order by authority 
prohibiting the departure of vessels 
from a port. 

embark (-bark'), v.t. to put on board 
ship ; venture or invest : v.i. to go 
on board a vessel ; engage in any 
affairs. 

embarrass (-bar'as), v.t. to hinder; 
perplex ; involve in pecuniary diffi- 
culties ; distress. 

embarrassment (-ment), n. confu- 
sion of mind ; pecuniary difficulties. 

embassy ('ba-si), n. [pi. embassies 
(-iz)], the public function, mission, 
or official residence of an ambassa- 
dor ; a legation. 

embattled (-bat'ld), p.adj. furnished 
with battlements ; drawn up in bat- 
tle array. 

embed (-bed'), v.t. to lay in, or as in, 
a bed ; set in surrounding matter. 

embellish, (-bel'ish), v.t. to make 
beautiful ; set off by ornamentation. 

ember ('ber), n. a small live coal or 
unextinguished smoldering ashes. 

embezzle (-bez'l), v.t. to appropriate 
fraudulently, as property entrusted 
to one's care. 

embitter (-bit'er), v.t. to make bit- 



ter, or more bitter ; exasperate. 
Also imbitter. 

emblazon (-bla'zn), v.t. to adorn 
with heraldic figures ; blazon ; deco- 
rate ; celebrate the praises of. 

emblazonry (-ri), n. [pi. emblazon- 
ries (-riz)], heraldic decoration. 

emblem ('blem), n. a symbolical fig- 
ure or design ; a visible sign of an 
idea. 

emblemata (-ble'ma-ta), n.pl. de- 
tachable figures with which the an- 
cients ornamented gold, silver, or 
other metallic vessels. 

emblematic (-blem-at'ik) , adj. per- 
taining to an emblem ; symbolical. 
Also emblematical. 

emblematically (-al-li), adv. in an 
emblematical manner. 

emblements ('ble-ments), 7i.pl. an- 
nual crops produced by the labor of 
the cultivator. 

embodier (-bod'i-er), n. one who em- 
bodies. 

embodiment ('i-ment), n. the act of 
embodying, or uniting in a whole. 

embody (-bod'i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. em- 
bodied, p.pr. embodying], to collect 
into one mass or united whole ; in- 
vest with, or as with, a material 
body : v.i. to coalesce. 

embolden (em-bold'en), v.t. to en- 
courage. 

embolism ('bo-lizm), n. an intercala- 
tion ; the insertion of days, months, 
or years into the calendar to pro- 
duce regularity of time ; the presence 
of obstructing clots in the blood ves- 
sels. 

embolus ('bo-Ius), n. [pi. emboli 
(-11)], something inserted and act- 
ing in another thing, as a piston- 
rod. 

embonpoint (ang-bong-pwang'), n. 
plumpness of figure, especially of 
the bust. 

embosom (em-booz'um), v.t. to hold 
in the bosom ; inclose in the midst ; 
shelter. 

emboss (-bos'), v.t. to cover with 
bosses or studs ; raise in relief from 
the surface. 

embossing ('ing), n. the art of pro- 
ducing raised or projecting figures or 
designs in relief on surfaces. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



emb 



297 



CTui 



embouchure (ang-boo-shtir'), n. the 
mouth of a river, a cannon, &c. ; 
the mouthpiece of a musical wind 
instrument. 

ezubowel (-bou'el), v.i. \_p.i, & p.p. 
emboweled, p.pr. emboweling], to 
remove the intestines from ; disem- 
bowel. 

embo-wer (-bou'er), v.t. to cover with, 
or as with, a bower : v.i. to rest, as 
in a bower ; form a bower. 

embrace (-bras'), v.t. to take in 
close, or press to the bosom with 
affection ; hug ; cling to ; receive 
with willingness ; in law, to attempt 
to influence by threats or bribes : v.i. 
to join in an embrace : n. the act of 
embracing ; a clasping in the arms ; 
a hug. 

embracery (-bra'ser-i), n. the act of 
attempting to corrupt or influence a 
Jury. 

embrasure ('zhur), n. an opening in 
a wall or parapet from which to fire 
guns ; a window or door having its 
sides slanted on the inside. 

embrocate ('bro-kat), v.t. to mois- 
ten and rub, as a diseased or injured 
part, with a lotion. 

embrocation (-ka'shun). n. a lini- 
ment for applying to. or rubbing, an 
injured part of the body. 

embroider (-broid'er), v.t. to deco- 
rate with needlework ; embellish 
with additions. 

embroidery (-i), n. pi. embroider- 
ies (-iz)], ornamental work of gold, 
silver, silk, &c., executed with the 
needle ; embellishment. 

embroil (-broil'), v.t. to throw into 
confusion ; involve in contention ; 
mix up ; entangle. 

embryo ('bri-o), n. [pi. embryos 
(-oz)], the first germ or rudiment 
of an organism ; the first or unde- 
veloped state of anything. 

embryogeny (-oj'e-ni), n. the devel- 
opment of the embryo in the ovule. 

embryologist (-ol'o-jist), n. one who 
studies, or is skilled in, embryology. 

embryology ('o-ji), n. that branch 
of biology which treats of the de- 
velopment of embryos. 

embryonic (-on'ik), adj. pertaining 



to, or resembling, an embryo ; rudi- 
mentary. 

embryoplastic (-plas'tik), adj. per- 
taining to the formation and devel- 
opment of an embryo. 

embryoscope ('bri-6-skop), n. an in- 
strument for the observation of the 
development of embryos. 

embryotomy (-ot'o-mi), n. the ex- 
traction of an embryo or foetus by 
cutting. 

emendation (e-men-da'shun), n. the 
alteration or correction of a text, 
so as to give an improved reading. 

emendator (-ter), n. one who cor- 
rects or improves the text of a work. 

emerald (em'e-rald), n. a precious 
stone of a rich, deep green color : a 
variety of berj'l ; a size of type : adj. 
of a color like the emerald. 

emeraldine (-din), n. a dye of a 
dark green color, 

emerge (e-merj'), v.i. to rise up, or 
come forth, from anything which 
conceals ; become apparent. 

emergency (-mer'jen-si), n. \_pl. 
emergencies (-siz)], a sudden occa- 
sion ; pressing necessity ; strait ; cri ■ 
sis : adj. pertaining to, or used in, 
an emergency. 

emeritus (-mer'i-tus), adj. retired 
from service with honor : said of a 
university or college professor. 

emersion (-mer'shun), n. the act of 
emerging; the reappearance of a 
heavenly body after an eclipse. 

emery (em'er-i), n. a very hard va- 
riety of corundum : used when pow- 
dered for grinding or polishing. 

emetic (e-met'ik), adj. inducing vom- 
iting : 11. a medicine possessing 
emetic properties. 

emetically (-al-li), adv. so as to 
cause vomiting. 

emeute (a-muf), n. a seditious or 
revolutionary outbreak ; riot. 

emigrant (em'i-grant), n. one who 
quits his own country to settle in 
another : adj. moving from one coun- 
try to another ; pertaining to, or 
used by, emigrants. 

emigrate ('i-grat), v.i. to leave one's 
country to settle in another. 

eminence (em'i-nens), n. that which 
is lofty ; elevation ; height ; exalted 



ate, iirm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, f/ien. 



emi 



298 



esLp 



rank, station, celebrity, or repute ; 
a title given to cardinals. 

eminent (-nent), adj, high in office, 
rank, or reputation ; distinguished ; 
exalted ; conspicuous. 

emir (e-mer'), n. a prince: a title of 
dignity given to a Mohammedan 
prince or chieftain. Also ameer, 
amir. 

emissary (em'i-sa-ri), n. [pi. emis- 
saries (-riz)], a person, or agent, 
sent on a mission, especially of a 
secret nature. 

emission (e-mish'un), n. the act of 
sending out ; that which is issued at 
the time, as bank notes. 

emissive (-mis'iv), adj. sending out. 

emit (-mif), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. emitted, 
p.pr. emitting], to send or give 
forth ; issue, as an order or decree ; 
to print and send into circulation, as 
bank notes. 

emmet ('et), n. an ant. 

emollient (e-moryent), adj. soften- 
ing : n. a medicine that has a soften- 
ing effect on living tissues. 

emolliotype ('i-o-tip), n. a picture 
taken on opal glass by the collodio- 
chloride process. 

emolument ('ti-ment), n. profit; re- 
muneration ; income ; pecuniary 
gain. 

emotion (-mo'shun), n. mental agita- 
tion ; excited feeling ; passion. 

emotional (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or characterized by, emotion. 

emotionality (-al'i-ti), n. the quali- 
ty of being emotional. 

emotive (-mo'tiv), adj. prodi-'cing 
emotion. 

empale. Same as impale. 

emperor (em'per-er), n. the sover- 
eign or supreme ruler of an empire. 

empliasis ('fa-sis), n. a particular 
stress of the voice on a word or 
words in reading or speaking ; spe- 
cial force of language or thought. 

emphasize ('fa-siz), v.t. to pronounce 
with emphasis ; bring out clearly 
and distinctly. 

emphatic (-fat'ik), adj. uttered with 
emphasis ; forcibly significant ; im- 
pressive ; earnest. Also emphatical. 

emphatically (-M-li), adv. in an 
emphatic manner. 



empire Cpir), n. supreme power or 
dominion ; imperial rule or sover- 
eignty ; the region ruled over by an 
emperor or sovereign ; sway ; con- 
trol. 

empiric (-pir'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
founded upon, or derived from, ex- 
perience. Also empirical. 

empirically (-61-li), adv. in an em- 
pirical manner. 

empiricism ('i-sizm), n. observation, 
or practical experience apart from 
scientific knowledge ; the practice of 
medicine without the usual medical 
training or qualification ; quackery. 

employ (-ploi'), v.t. {p.t. & p.p. em- 
ployed, p.pr, employing], tq give oc- 
cupation to ; keep busy ; exercise ; 
make use of ; apply or devote to an 
object : n. occupation. 

employee (-e'), n. one who works 
for another [French employe (-a)]. 

employment ('ment), n. business; 
occupation. 

emporium (-po'ri-um), n. a commer- 
cial center or place of trade ; a large 
shop. 

empoiver (-pou'er), v.t. to authorize; 
enable. 

empress ('pres), n. a woman invest- 
ed with sovereign sway over an em- 
pire ; the consort or widow of an 
emperor. 

empresario (-pres-a'ri-o), n. a con- 
tractor who introduces foreign set- 
tlers to Mexico by arrangement with 
the government. 

emptiness (emp'ti-nes), n. the state 
of being empty ; want of knowledge 
or sense. 

empty ('ti), adj. [comp. emptier, 
superl. emptiest], containing noth- 
ing ; vague ; unsatisfactory ; desti- 
tute of force, knowledge, or sense ; 
fasting ; vacant : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
emptied, p.pr. emptying], to deprive 
of the contents ; pour out ; dis- 
charge ; make vacant : v.i. to become 
empty; discharge itself: n.pl. (emp- 
ties) an empty vessel, packing case, 
or sack. 

emptying (-ing), n. the act of mak- 
ing empty : pi. the lees of beer or 
cider, used as yeast (pronounced 
emptins) . 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, > 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



exnp 



299 



empyrean (em-pir'e-an), adj. per- 
taining to the highest and purest re- 
gion of heaven, or the region of pure 
fire ; ethereal. Also empyreal. 

emu (e'mti), n. a large Australian 
ostrich-like bird. 

ezuulate (em'u-lat), v.t. to strive to 
equal or excel ; vie v^ith ; rival. 

emulator (-la-ter), n. a rival; com- 
petitor. 

emulgeut (e-mul'jent), adj. draining 
out : applied to the arteries and 
veins : n. an emulgent vessel ; a med- 
icine that promotes a flow of bile. 

emulous (em'ti-lus), adj. desirous to 
excel ; rivaling ; competitive. 

emulsion (e-mul'shun), n. any liquid 
preparation resembling milk ; a sub- 
stance suspended in gelatine or col- 
lodion, used in the preparation of 
dry photographic plates, 

enable (en'a-bl), v.t. to make able; 
furnish V7ith adequate means or 
power ; empower. 

enact (-akt'), v.t. to decree; pass into 
law ; act the part of. 

enacting clause (klawz), n. the in- 
troductory clause of a bill or act, 
usually commencing "Be it enact- 
ed." 

enactment ('ment), n. the act of 
enacting ; a statute ; the passing of 
a bill into law. 

enactor ('ter), n: one who enacts. 

enamel (-am'el), w. an opaque, semi- 
transparent, or colored substance, or 
glass, used in coating the surface of 
metals or porcelain, and afterwards 
fired ; anything enameled ; any 
smooth hard coating, especially the 
dense white substance of the teeth : 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p. enameled, p.pr. en- 
ameling], to lay on, cover, or deco- 
rate with enamel ; adorn with vari- 
ous hues : v.i. to practice the art of 
enameling. 

enamor (-am'er), v.t. to captivate, 

encamp (-kamp'), v.i. to form a 
camp ; halt on the march ; go into 
camp or settle in temporary quar- 
ters : v.t. to form into a camp. 

encampment ('ment), n. a tem- 
porary resting place for an army or 
company of travelers. 

encaustic (-kaws'tik), adj. pertain- I 



ing to the drt of painting in burnt 
wax. 

encaustic-tile (-til), n. a variegated 
paving-tile inlaid on ground of an- 
other color. 

enceinte (ang-sangt'), n. the line of 
works which forms the main in- 
closure of a fortress or place ; a 
close or precinct : adj. with child ; 
pregnant. 

enchain (en-chan'), v.t. to hold fast 
with, or as with, a chain. 

enchant (-chant), v.t. to charm or 
subdue, as by spells or sorcery ; be- 
witch ; fill with delight. 

enchantment ('ment), n. the use or 
practice of magic, sorcery, charms, 
&c. ; the state of being enchanted ; 
rapture. 

encircle (-ser'kl), v.t. to form, or 
inclose, in a circle ; enclasp ; em- 
brace. 

encomiastic (en-ko-mi-as'tik), adj. 
bestowing praise ; eulogistic. 

encomium ('mi-um), n. {pi. encomi- 
ums (-umz)], formal praise; eulo- 
gy. 

encompass (-kum'pas), v.t. to sur- 
round. 

encore (ang-kor'), adv. once more; 
again: n. a repetition in response 
to a call by an audience : v.t. to call 
for a repetition of (any particular 
part of a performance). 

encounter (en-koun'ter), v.t. to come 
upon suddenly ; meet face to face : 
v.i. to come into collision ; meet in 
combat : n. a sudden or accidental 
meeting ; conflict ; battle. 

encourage (-kur'aj), v.t. to give, or 
inspire with, courage ; stimulate. 

encouragement (-ment), n. the act 
of encouraging ; that which gives 
courage or incites to action or per- 
severance. 

encrinite ('kri-nit), n. a stone-lily. 

encroach (-kroch'), v.i. to invade 
gradually or by stealth; infringe; 
intrude (usually with on or upon). 

encroachment ('ment), n. intru- 
sion. 

encumlfer (-kum'ber), v.t. to im- 
pede ; retard ; clog ; obstruct ; load 
with debt or other legal liabilities. 

encumbrance ('brans), n. that 



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book ; hue, hut ; think, theu. 



300 



which encumbers ; a Jien or liability 
attached to real property. 

encyclical (-sik'lik-al), adj. sent to 
all members of a class or commu- 
nity ; intended for general circula- 
tion. Also encyclic : n. a circular 
letter sent by the Pope to the bish- 
ops, treating of topics of general ec- 
clesiastical interest. 

encyclopsedia or encyclopedia (-sl- 
klo-pe'di-a), n. the circle of the 
arts and sciences ; a dictionary of 
the arts, sciences, and literature ; a 
comprehensive summary of knowl- 
edge ; a cyclopsedia. 

encyclopssdic (-pe'dik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or of the nature of, an ency- 
clopaedia. Also encyclopedic. 

encyclopsedist (-pe'dist), n. a com- 
piler of an encyclopsedia ; one whose 
studies embrace all knowledge. Also 
encyclopedist. 

encyst (-sist'), v.t. & v.i. to inclose, 
or become inclosed, in a cyst or vesi- 
cle. 

end (end), n. the extreme limit or 
terminal point of anything ; purpose 
in view ; design ; necessary termina- 
tion, or logical outcome ; death : v.t. 
to bring to an end ; finish ; ter- 
minate ; destroy : v.i. to come to an 
end ; die. 

endanger ( en-dan' jer), v.t. expose 
to, or bring into, danger ; hazard. 

endear (-der'), v.t. to make dear or 
beloved ; attach to one's self. 

endearment ('ment), n. affection. 

■endeavor (-dev'er), v.i. to strive for 
the attainment of some object ; at- 
tempt : n. an effort or attempt ; 
physical or intellectual exertion to- 
wards the attainment of some ob- 
ject. 

endemic (-dem'ik), adj. peculiar to 
a nation, people, or locality : ap- 
plied to a disease. 

ending (end'ing), r>. result; end. 

endo and endon, a prefix used in 
many scientific words, meaning 
witliin, denoting internal growth, as 
entoderm, enc/oplasm. 

endocarp (en'do-karp), n. the inner 
coat or shell of a fruit. 

endogen ('do-jen), n. an endogenous 
plant : pi. one of the primary 
classes of the vegetable kinaxlom. 



in w^hich the plants increase by in- 
ternal growth and elongation at the 
summit, and have a distinct pith. 

endogenous (doj'en-us), adj. per- 
taining to the endogens ; originating 
or growing within. 

endoscope ('do-skop), n. an instru- 
ment used for examining some in- 
ternal part of the body, as the 
urethra. 

endosmosis (-dos-mo'sis), n. the 
transmission of a fluid inward from 
outside when two fluids are sepa- 
rated by a porous septum. 

endosperm ('do-sperm), n. the albu- 
men of a seed. 

endow (-dou'), v.t. to bestow a fund 
or income upon ; settle upon ; fur- 
nish, as with some gift or quality 
(with icitli) . 

endowment ('ment), n. the act of 
endowing ; that which is bestowed, 
settled, or appropriated to any ob- 
ject ; that which is given _ or be- 
stowed on the person or mind : pi. 
natural gifts. 

endue (-du'), v.t. to clothe; invest; 
assume ; furnish with some moral 
or spiritual gift. Also indue. 

endurability (-dur-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being endurable. 

endurable ('a-bl), adj. bearable. 

endurance (-dtir'ans), n. the capac- 
ity to endure ; power of suffering 
without succumbing ; continuance ; 
fortitude. 

endure (-dur'), v.t. to support with- 
out breaking or yielding; put up 
with : remain in : v.i. to harden ; re- 
main in the same state. 

enduring {'\x\g) , adj. permanent. 

endways (end'waz), adv. on end; 
with the end forward or uppermost ; 
lengthwuse. Also endwise. 

enema (en'e-ma), n. an injection 
thrown into the rectum as a medi- 
cine. 

enemy ('e-mi), n. [pi. enemies 
(-miz) ], one hostile to another ; foe ; 
antagonist ; a hostile army. 

energetic (-er-jet'ik), adj. possess- 
ing, or displaying, energy ; vigorous 
in action ; forcible : n.pl. physical, 
as distinguished from vital dynamics. 



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book ; hue, hut ; think, t/ien. 



301 



emg 



energico (-er'je-ko), adj. with ener- 
gy, force, and strong accentuation 
[Mus.]. 

energize ('er-jiz), v.t. to endow with 
energy : v.i. to act with energy, 

energy ('er-ji), n. [pi. energies 
(-jiz)], internal or inherent power; 
vigorous operation ; power efficient- 
ly and forcibly exerted ; capacity for 
performing work ; emphasis. 

enervate (en'er-vat or e-ner'vat), 
v.t. to deprive of nerve, force, or 
vigor ; render effeminate or feeble ; 
debilitate. 

en f amille ( ang f a-mel' ) , with one's 
family ; at home ; in domestic fash- 
ion, without formality. 

enfeeble (en-fe'bl), v.t. to weaken; 
relg.x. 

enfeoff (-fef), v.t. to invest with a 
feud, fief, or fee ; give, sell or con- 
vey lands in fee to. 

enfilade (-fi-lad'), n. a straight line 
or passage ; the situation of a place 
or a body of men liable to be raked 
with shot through its whole extent : 
v.t. to pierce or rake with shot in a 
straight line. 

enforce (-fors'), v.t. to put into exe- 
cution with vigor ; compel ; make 
clear or intelligible. 

enfranchise (-fran'chiz), v.t. to lib- 
erate or set free ; make free of a 
state, city, or corporation ; confer 
the electoral franchise upon ; ad- 
mit to the right of voting in public 
elections. 

engage (en-gaj'), v.t. to pledge or 
bind by oath or contract ; make lia- 
ble for a debt ; secure for aid or em- 
ployment ; encounter in battle ; oc- 
cupy the time or attention of ; inter- 
lock : v.i. to promise or assume an 
obligation ; occupy one's self ; enter 
a conflict. 

engaged (-gajd'), p. adj. busy or oc- 
cupied ; affianced. 

engagement (-gaj'ment), n. the act 
of engaging ; the state or condition 
of being engaged ; betrothal ; occu- 
pation ; a conflict between armies 
or fleets. 

engaging ('ing), ac?;. winning ; pleas- 
ing. 

engender (-jen'der), v.t. to beget; 
excite : v.i. to come into existence. 



engine (-jin), n. anything used to 
effect a purpose ; a machine by which 
power is applied for the perform- 
ance of work ; an apparatus for pro- 
ducing some mechanical effect : v.t. 
to furnish or fit up a vessel with 
engines. 

engineer (-ji-ner'), n. one who is 
skilled in the principles, or practice 
of any branch of engineering ; one 
who has charge of and manages an 
engine ; one who carries through a 
scheme or undertaking by skill or 
astuteness : v.t. to plan, lay out, or 
direct, as an engineer, the forma- 
tion or execution of, as a road or 
work. 

engineering ('ing), n. the art of 
constructing and using machinery ; 
the ax't and science by which natu- 
ral forces and materials are utilized 
in structures or machines. 

English (ing'glish), adj. belonging 
to, characteristic of, or pertaining 
to, the language or th© people of 
England, or those descended from 
them : n. the English people or the 
language spoken by them ; a size of 
printing-type (see type) : v.t. to give 
a twisting or spinning motion to, as 
a ball at billiards so as to deflect it 
from its course. 

engrailment (-gral'ment), n. a ring 
of dots round the edge of a coin or 
medal. 

engrain, another form of ingrain. 

engrave (en-grav'), v.t. to cut or 
carve in sunken patterns ; incise 
with figures or lines ; impress deep- 
ly or indelibly. 

engraving ('ing), n. the act, process, 
or art of producing designs, &c., in- 
cised or relief, on metal, stone, or 
hard wood ; that wnich is engraved ; 
an impression from an engraved 
plate. 

engross (-gros'). v.t. to purchase in 
the gross or bulk ; monopolize ; write 
in a large distinct round hand. 

engrossment ('ment), n. the act of 
acquiring large or undue quantities 
of things ; the act of engrossing 
documents ; that which has been en- 
grossed ; attention to one thing to 
the exclusion of everything else. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
j book ; hiie, hut ; think, then. 



eng 



302 



engulf, same as ingulf. 

enhance (-bans'), v.t. to raise in 
esteem ; advance ; heighten in price 
or value. 

enharmonic (-har-mon'ik), adj. pro- 
ceeding by smaller intervals than a 
semitone. Also enharmonical. 

enharmonically (-al-li), adv. in an 
enharmonic manner. 

enharmonic scale (skal), n. a mus- 
ical scale having more than 12 tones 
to the octave. 

enhydrite (-hi'drit), n. any mineral 
containing water. 

enigma (e-nig'ma), n. a riddle. 

enigmatic (-mat'ik), adj. pertaining 
to an enigma ; obscure or puzzling. 
Also enigmatical. 

enigmatically (-al-li), adv. in an 
enigmatical manner. 

enjoin (-join'), v.t. to direct with 
authority or urgency ; enforce ; pro- 
hibit or restrain by an injunction. 

enjoy (-joi'), v.t. to feel or perceive 
with pleasure ; have the use or pos- 
session of. 

enjoyment ('ment), n. the act of 
enjoying ; pleasure or gratification. 

enkindle (-kin'dl), v.t. to set on fire; 
rouse. 

enlarge (-larj'), v.t. to make larger; 
extend in limits or dimensions ; am- 
plify ; extend to more purposes or 
uses ; release from confinement ; di- 
late upon : v.i. to become larger ; ex- 
patiate. 

enlighten (-lit'n), v.t. to illuminate; 
make clear to the mind ; furnish 
with increased knowledge ; elevate 
morally or spiritually. 

enlist (-list'), v.t. to enroll, as for 
military service ; register ; gain 
over, or employ in some cause : v.i. 
to engage one's self for military 
service. 

enlistment ('ment), n. the act of 
enlisting; the state of being en- 
listed, 

enliven (-liv'n), v.t. to make vigor- 
ous, active, or vivacious ; exhilarate ; 
inspirit. 

en masse (ang mas'), collectively; 
altogether. 

enmity (-mi'ti). n. [pi. enmities 



(-tiz)], animosity; hatred; hostility; 
ill-will. 

ennoble (-no'bl), v.t. to make noble; 
dignify ; exalt ; make famous or il- 
lustrious. 

ennui (ang-we'). languor of mind; 
listlessness. 

enormity (e-nor'mi-ti), n. [pi. enor- 
mities (-tiz)], something outrageous 
or extremely immoderate ; an atroc- 
ity. 

enormous ('mus), adj. excessive; 
very great ; immense ; huge ; ex- 
tremely wicked. 

en passant (ang pas-sang'), by the 
way. 

enough (e-nuf), adj. sufficient: n. a 
sufficiency : adv. so as to be suffi- 
cient ; very ; quite : inter j. stop ! 

enquire, same as inquire. 

enrage (en-raj'), v.t. to throw into a 
rage. 

enrail (-ral'), v.t. to place a car 
upon rails : opposed to derail. 

en rapport (ang rap-por'), in sym- 
pathy with (with with). 

enrapt (-rapt'), adj. enraptured. 

enrapture (-rap'tur), v.t. to trans- 
' port with delight ; please intensely ; 
charm. 

en regie ( ang ra'gl ) , in due order. 

enrich (en-rich'), v.t. to make rich; 
fertilize ; store ; adorn. 

enrobe (-rob'), v.t. to clothe; invest. 

enroll (-rol'), v.t. to insert in a reg- 
ister ; enlist ; record. Also enrol. 

en route ( ang root' ) , on the way. 

ens (enz), n. [pi. entia (en'shi-a)], 
an entity ; existence ; being. 

ensanguine (en-sang'gwin), v.t. to 
smear or cover with blood. 

ensconce (-skons'), v.t. to hide; fix 
securely or comfortably ; settle. 

ensemble (ang-sang'bl), the whole. 

enshrine (en-shrin'), v.t. to place in 
a shrine ; keep sacred. 

ensheathe (sheth'). v.t. to sheathe. 

enshroud (-shroud'), v.t. to cover 
with, or as with, a shroud ; conceal. 

ensiform ('si-form), adj. sword- 
shaped. 

ensign ('sin), n. a flag; badge; the 
lowest rank in the navy. 

ensilage ('si-laj), n. fodder or vege- 
table produce stored in a silo : v.t. 
to preserve in a silo. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



303 



emt 



enslave (-slav'), v.t. to bring into, 
or reduce to, slavery ; enthrall. 

ensnare (-snar'), v.t. to take in, or 
as in, a snare ; take by craft ; al- 
lure. 

ensue (-sti'), v.i. to follow as a con- 
sequence ; succeed. 

en suite (ang swet'), in a series. 

ensure, same as insure. 

entablature (-tab'la-ttir), n. the 
w^le parts on the top of a pillar or 
column, composed of architrave, 
frieze, and cornice. 

entail (en-tal'), n. an estate in fee 
limited to a particular heir or heirs : 
v.t. to leave or settle, as if by en- 
tail ; involve ; necessitate. 

entangle (-tang'gl), v.t. to involve; 
tangle ; ensnare ; perplex ; bev^^ilder. 

enter ('ter), v.t. to go or come into; 
begin ; penetrate ; set down in writ- 
ing ; join or become a member of ; 
initiate into a business, &c. ; place 
on the records of a court : v.i. to 
effect an entrance ; come in. 

enteric (-ter'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or situated near, the intestines. 

enteritis (-i'tis), n. inflammation of 
the small intestines. 

enterozoa (-ter-o-zo'a), n.pl. intes- 
tinal parasites. 

enterprise ('ter-priz), n. an under- 
taking of importance or risk ; bold- 
ness ; energy and invention. 

enterprising (-ing), n. adventurous, 
energetic, and progressive. 

entertain (-tan'), v.t. to receive and 
treat hospitably ; afford diversion 
to ; keep in the mind ; take into con- 
sideration : v.i. to receive guests 
hospitably. 

entertaining ('ing), p.adj. amusing; 
diverting. 

entertainment ('ment), «. the act 
of entertaining ; hospitality at table ; 
a feast or banquet ; a diverting per- 
formance ; amusement. 

entlirall (-thrawl'), v.t. to enslave; 
bring or hold under some overmas- 
tering influence. 

enthrone (-thron'), v.t. to place on 
a throne ; invest with sovereign 
power and authority. 

enthuse (-thuz'), v.t. to render en- 
thusiastic : v.i. manifest enthusiasm. 



enthusiasm (-thu'zi-azm), n. eleva- 
tion of fancy ; ardor of mind ; fer- 
vent zeal ; fanaticism. 

enthusiast ('zi-ast), n. one who is 
filled with enthusiasm ; one who 
thinks himself to be inspired; a 
visionary ; fanatic. 

enthusiastic (-as'tik), adj. given to, 
or characterized by, enthusiasm ; ar- 
dent ; zealous. 

enthusiastically (-al-li), adv. with 
enthusiasm. 

entice (-tis'), v.t. to attract or al- 
lure ; tempt. 

entire (-tir'), adj. complete in all 
parts ; whole ; undivided or un- 
broken ; unalloyed ; consisting of one 
piece : adv. entirely ; wholly : n. the 
whole ; entire beer. 

entirely ('li), adv. fully; completely. 

entireness ('nes), n. the state or 
quality of being entire ; complete- 
ness. 

entirety ( 'ti ) , n. completeness ; the 
whole. 

entitle (en-ti'tl), v.t. to give a title, 
name, or designation to ; style ; give 
a right to. 

entity ('ti-ti), n. [pi. entities (-tiz)], 
anything that exists, or is supposed 
to exist ; being. 

ento, ent, a prefix forming many 
compounds with scientific words, 
meaning ivitMn, interior. 

entomb (en-toom'), v.t. to place in, 
or as in, a tomb. 

entombment ('ment), n. the act of 
placing in a tomb. 

entomoid ('to-moid), adj. resembling 
an insect. 

entomology (-to-mol'o-ji), n. that 
branch of zoology which treats of in- 
sects and their habits. 

entomologist (-jist), n. a student of 
entomology. 

entomophagus (-mof'a-gus), adj, 
insect-eating. 

entonic (-ton'ik), adj. having great 
tension ; strained. 

entourage (ang-too-razh'), n. asso- 
ciates, surroundings. 

entr'acte (ang'tr-akt), n. the inter- 
val between the acts of a play or 
opera ; a musical interlude. 

entozoon (-to-zo'on), n. [pi. entozoa 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ent 



304 



epe 



('a)], a parasite living in the in- 
testines of another animal. 

entrails ('tralz), n.pl. the intestines, 

entrain (-tran'), v.t. to dispatch 
(troops) by train. 

entrance ('trans), n. the act of en- 
tering ; a passage ; avenue ; the en- 
try of a ship, or goods, at the cus- 
tom house of a port. 

entrap (-trap'), v.t. to take in, or 
as in, a trap ; inveigle ; ensnare. 

entreat (-tret), v.t. to solicit ear- 
nestly ; importune ; beseech. 

entreaty (-tret'i), n. [pi. entreaties 
Ciz)], an earnest petition or re- 
quest ; prayer. 

entree (ang-tra'), n. entrance; ad- 
mission ; a subordinate or side dish. 

entremets (ang-tr-ma'), n.pl, side 
dishes ; a made dish. 

entrencli, same as intrench. 

entre nous (ang'tr noo), confiden- 
tially. 

entre pas (pa), n. an amble. 

entre-pot (ang'tr-po)', n. a commer- 
cial center for the distribution of 
goods ; a free port where foreign 
merchandise is kept in bond. 

entrust, same as intrust. 

entry (en'tri),w. [2)L entries ('triz)], 
an entrance ; passage ; entree ; the 
act of entering and inscribing in a 
book ; item ; the act of taking right- 
ful possession of lands or tene- 
ments, or feloniously entering an- 
other's premises. 

entwine (-tv^'in'), v.t. to twine 
around ; twist together. 

enumerate (e-nu'mer-at), v.t. to 
reckon or name singly ; count ; go 
over in detail. 

enumeration (-a'shun), n. the act 
of numbering ; counting up ; a cata- 
logue ; list. 

enunciable ( -nun'shi-a-bl ) , adj. ca- 
pable of being enunciated. 

enunciate ('shi-at), v.t. to declare 
or proclaim ; utter ; express ; speak. 

enunciation (-a'shun), n. definite or 
declaratory statement ; articulation ; 
the words in which a proposition is 
expressed. 

enunciative ('shi-S.-tiv), adj. declar- 
atory. 



enunciator ('shi-a-ter), one who 
enunciates or declares. 

envelop (-vel'up), v.t. to surround 
with, or as with, a wrapper ; hide ; 
cover, 

envelope (en'vel-op), n. a case or 
wrapper, usually gummed, for safe 
conveyance of a letter by post, &c. ; 
covering ; wrapper ; an investing in- 
tegument ; exterior fortified works. 

envelopment (-vel'up-ment), n. the 
act of enveloping ; a covering ; wrap- 
per. 

envenom (-ven'um), v.t. make poi- 
sonous ; infuse venom into ; embit- 
ter. 

enviable ('vi-a-bl), adj. exciting 
envy ; capable of awakening the de- 
sire to possess. 

enviably (-bli), adv. in an enviable 
manner. 

envious ('vi-us), adj. feeling, or 
characterized by, envy ; jealous, 

environ (-vi'run), v.t. to surround or 
inclose ; encompass ; hem in : n.pl. 
places near a town or city ; suburbs. 

environment (-ment), n. that which 
surrounds ; external circumstances 
of an organism. 

envoy ('voi), n. a diplomatic repre- 
sentative, second in rank to an am- 
bassador ; one sent on a special mis- 
sion. 

envy ('vi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. envied, 
p.pr. envying], to grudge; feel dis- 
pleasure at the excellence or pros- 
perity of ; covet : v.i. to feel or ex- 
hibit envy : n. malice, ill-will ; dis- 
pleasure felt at the excellence of an- 
other ; an object of envy. 

enwrap (-rap'), v.t. to wrap up. 

enzootic (-zo-ot'ik), adj. pertaining 
to a disease which affects animals of 
a particular district, 

epact (e'pakt), n. the excess of the 
solar over the lunar month, about 11 
days in the year, 

epaulment (e-pawl'ment), n. a side- 
work to protect troops in flank, 

epaulet (ep'aw-let), n. an ornament- 
al badge sometimes worn on the 
shoulder by naval and military of- 
ficers. 

epentbesis (-en'the-sis), n. the in- 
sertion of a letter or syllable in the 
middle of a word. 



fite, arm, ^sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



epe 



305 



epi 



epergne (e-pern'), n. an ornamental 
stand with a dish and branches for 
holding flowers, &c. 

ephemera _(ef-em'e-ra), n. [pi. eph- 
emerae (-re)], that which exists but 
for a day ; a May-fly. 

eplieiueral ('er-al), adj. existing 
only for a day ; short-lived. 

ephemeris ('er-is), n. [pi. ephemer- 
ides (-mer'i-dez) ], an astronomiacl 
almanac showing the daily positions 
of the sun, moon, and planets. 

ephod (ef'od), n. a priestly vestment 
worn by the Jewish high priest. 

ephor (ef'er), n. [pi. ephori (-i), 
ephors ('erz) ], one of the five Spar- 
tan magistrates. 

epic (ep'ik), adj. heroic; narrative; 
said of a poem : n. a narrative poem 
of some heroic deed or event. 

epicarp ('i-karp), n. the outer layer 
or skin of a fruit. 

epicene ('i-sen), adj. of common 
gender : n. a noun common to both 
genders. 

epicranium (-i-kra'ni-um),. n. the 
^ scalp of the cranium or skull. 

epicure ('i-ktir), n. one devoted to 
luxury, especially of a dainty kind. 

epicurean (-ku-re'an), adj. luxu- 
rious ; devoted to the pleasures of 
the table : n. a voluptuary ; gor- 
mand ; epicure. 

epicycle ('i-si-kl), n. a small circle 
whose center is situated on the cir- 
cumference of a greater circle. 

epicycloid ('kloid), n. a curve de- 
scribed by a point in the circum- 
ference of one circle which rolls 
upon the convex circumference of 
another circle. 

epidemic (-i-dem'ik), adj. attacking 
many at the same time : said of a 
disease : n. a disease having this 
characteristic. 

epidermal (-der'mal), adj. pertain- 
ing to the epidermis. Also epider- 
mic. 

epidermis ('mis), n. the cuticle or 
scarf skin ; the outer coating or 
bark of a plant. 

epigenesis (-jen'e-sis), w. the hypoth- 
esis that the germ is created by the 
division or segmentation of a fecun- 
dated egg-cell. 



epiglottis (-glot'is), n. the leaf- 
shaped cartilage which covers the 
upper part of the larynx in the act 
of swallowing. 

epigram ('i-gram), n. a verse or 
short poem ending in some ingenious 
or witty turn ; a pithy phrase. 

epigrammatic (-at'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or of the nature of, an epi- 
gram ; pointed. Also epigrammatical. 

epigrammatically (-al-li), adv. in 
an epigrammatical manner ; pointed- 
ly and concisely. 

epigraph ('i-graf), n. an inscription 
on a building, monument, &c. ; a 
motto or quotation prefixed to a 
literary work. 

epilepsy ('i-lep-si), n. a chronic ner- 
vous disease accompanied by loss of 
consciousness and convulsions. 

epileptic ('tik), adj. pertaining to, 
or affected with, epilepsy : n. one af- 
fected with epilepsy. 

epilogue ('i-log), n. a poem or 
speech at the conclusion of a play. 

epiornis (-or'nis), n. a gigantic fos- 
sil bird. 

Epiphany (e-pif'a-ni), n. a Church 
festival (Jan. 6) to commemorate 
the visit of the Magi to Bethlehem, 
and the manifestation of Christ to 
the Gentiles. 

episcopacy (e-pis'ko-p§.-si) , n. 
church government by bishops ; prel- 
acy. 

episcopal ('ko-pal), adj. pertaining 
to, or characterized by, episcopacy ; 
vested in a bishop. 

episcopalian (-pa'lian), adj. per- 
taining to episcopacy. 

Episcopalian, adj. pertaining to the 
Protestant Episcopal Church : w. a 
member, or supporter, of such church. 

episcopally (-li), adv. by episcopal 
authority. 

episcopate ('ko-pat), n. the oflace 
and dignity of a bishop ; bishopric. 

episode (ep'i-sod), n. an incident; a 
digression, or incidental narrative. 

episodic (-sod'ik), adj. pertaining to 
an episode ; adventitious. Also epi- 
sodical. 

episodically (-Al-li), adv. incident- 
ally. 

episperm (-sperm), n. the outer cov- 
ering of a seed. 



I ate. arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
1 book ; hue. hut ; think, then. 



epi 



306 



eqn 



epistle ( e-pis'l ) , n. a letter ; a writ- 
ten cbimnunication or message. 

epistolary ('to-la-ri), adj. pertaining 
to letters. 

epitapli (ep'i-taf), n. a memorial in- 
scription on a tomb or monument. 

epithet ('i-thet), n. an adjective de- 
noting any quality either good or 
bad ; appellation. 

epitome (e-pit'o-me), n. a summary; 
abridgment ; compendium. 

epitomize ('o-miz), v.t. to describe 
briefly ; condense. 

epizoan (ep-i-zo'an), n. [pi. epizoa 
('a)], a parasitic animal which 
lives on the exterior of another ani- 
mal. 

epizootic (ep-i-zo-ot'ik), adj. parasit- 
ic on animals ; prevailing among 
animals. 

epizoiity (ep-i-zo'o-ti), n. an epi- 
demic influenza prevailing among 
animals, especially horses. 

epoch (e'pok), n. a point of time 
^rom which succeeding years are 
reckoned ; era ; date. 

epode (ep'od), n. the last part of an 
ode ; a burden or refrain in music. 

©ponym ('6-nim), n. the presumed 
ancestor or founder of a, race, tribe, 
city, nation, &c. ; surname. 

epsom salts ('sum sawltz), n.'pl. sul- 
phate of magnesia. 

equability ( e-kwa-bil'i-ti ) , adj. even- 
ness. 

equable ( 'kwa-bl ) , adj. uniform ; 
consisently eqw^X ; proportionate. 

equably (-bli), adv. in an equable 
manner. 

equal ('kwal), adj. of the same ex- 
tent, or magnitude : uniform ; ade- 
quate ; of the same rank, degree, or 
value ; just ; parallel : n. one of the 
same age, rank, ofiice, talents, &c. : 
y.t. ['p.t. & p.p. equaled, p.pr. equal- 
ing], to be, become or make equal; 
return a full equivalent for. 

equality (-kwal'i-ti), n. [pi. equali- 
ties (-tiz)], the state of being 
equal; uniformity; evenness; equa- 
bility. 

equalize ('kwa-llz), v.t. to make 
equal ; render uniform. 

equally (-li), adv. in an equal man- 
ner ; in the same degree ; uniformly ; 
in equal parts or shares. 



equanimity (-kwa-nim'i-ti), n. even- 
ness of temper or mind ; calmness. 

equate (-kwaf), v.t. to reduce to an 
average ; put in the form of an equa- 
tion.^ 

equation (-kwa'shun), n. in mathe- 
matics, a proposition expressing the 
equality of two quantities, the sign 
= being placed between them ; a 
representation of a chemical reac- 
tion expressed by symbols. 

equator (-kwa'ter), n. the imaginary 
circle which passes round the mid- 
dle of the earth and divides it into 
two equal parts. 

equatorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to the equator : n. a telescope 
mounted on two axes, one axis being 
parallel to the axis of the earth's 
rotation : used for keeping any star 
constantly in the field independently 
of the earth's rotation. 

equatorially (-li), adv. in a line 
with the equator. 

equerry (ek'wer-i), n. [pi. equerries 
(-iz)], an officer in the house of a 
prince or nobleman, who attends 
him in public, and has the super- 
vision of his horses. 

equestrian (e-kwes'tri-§.n), adj. per- 
taining to horses or horsemanship ; 
performing with horses : n. one 
skilled in horsemanship. 

equestrienne (-kwes-tri-en'), n. a 
skillful horsewoman. 

equi, a prefix meaning equal, equally, 
same, found in many words, the 
sense of which is usually self-evi- 
dent, as egwiangular, egwtdistant, 
equiiovm., &c. 

equilateral (e-kwi-lat'er-al), adj. 
having all the sides equal : n. a fig- 
ure with equal sides. 

equilibrium (-lib'ri-um), n. equali- 
ty of weight, power, force, &c. ; 
equipoise. 

equine (e'kwin), adj. pertaining to, 
or resembling, a horse or horses. 

equinoctial (-kwi-nok'shal), adj. 
pertaining to the equinoxes : n. the 
equinoctial line. 

equinoctially (-li), adv. in the di- 
rection of the equinoctial line. 

equinox ('kwi-noks), n. the point of 
intersection of the ecliptic and the 
equator ; the time the sun enters 



ate, iirm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



equ 



307 



one of the two equinoctial points 
when the days and nights are of 
equal duration. 

-equip (e-kwip'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
equipped, p.pr. equipping], to fur- 
nish or fit out ; accoutre ; prepare or 
qualify. 

equipage (ek'wi-paj), n. the arms 
and outfit of an army, vessel, trav- 
eler, &c. ; the carriage, horse, liver- 
ied servants of a person of rank or 
gentleman. 

equipment (e-kv^ip'ment), ■». arti- 
cles or supplies necessary for any 
particular service ; arms, horses, &c., 
required for military service ; roll- 
ing-stock or plant of a railway. 

equipoise (e'kwi-poiz), n. equilibri- 
um ; equality of weight. 

equiponderant (-pon'der-ant), adj. 
of the same weight. 

equitable ( ek'wi-ta-bl ) , adj. impar- 
tial ; just. 

equitably (-bli), adv. justly; impar- 
tially. 

equity ('wi-ti), n. [pi. equities 
(-tiz)L justice; just regard to right 
or claim ; impartiality ; the adminis- 
tration of law according to its spirit 
and not according to the letter. 

equivalence (e-kwiv'a-lens), n. 
equality of value or power ; in chem- 
istry, the property of having equal 
valency. Equivalency. 

equivalent ('a-lent), adj. equal in 
value or power ; the same in signifi- 
cance or effect ; commensurate : n. a 
thing of the same value, weight, 
power, effect, &c. 

equivocal ( 'o-kal ) , adj. of a doubt- 
ful or double significance ; ambigu- 
ous ; open to suspicion or doubt ; 
uncertain. 

equivocally (-li), adv. in an equivo- 
cal manner. 

equivocate ('o-kat), v.i. to use 
words of double meaning ; prevari- 
cate. 

era (e'ra), n. the point of time from 
which a series of years is reckoned ; 
period ; the beginning of a new geo- 
logical system or formation. 

eradicate (e-rad'i-kat), v.t. to de- 
stroy thoroughly ; exterminate. 

erase (-ras'), v.t. to obliterate by, or 



as by, scratching, or blotting out; 
expunge. 

eraser (-ra'ser), n. a knife or pre- 
pared india-rubber for rubbing out 
pencil-marks, &c. 

erasure ('zhur), n. the act of erasing. 

erbium (er'bi-um), n. a rare metal; 
one of the elements. 

ere (ar), conj. & prep, before; sooner 
than. 

Erebus (cr'e-bus), n. a place of utter 
darkness ; Hades. 

erect (e-rekt'), v.t. to raise upright; 
construct ; build ; raise ; establish ; 
distend or stiffen : adj. upright ; 
firmly uplifted ; bold or unshaken. 

erectile (-rek'til), adj. having the 
property of, or susceptible to, erec- 
tion. 

erection ('shun), n. the act of con- 
structing or raising edifices ; a struc- 
ture or building. 

erective ('tiv), adj. tending, or serv- 
ing, to erect, or to build up. 

erector ('ter), n. one who erects; a 
muscle that erects any part. 

eremite, another form of hermit. 

erethism (er'e-thizm) n. unnatural 
excitation of some organ or tissue 
of the body. 

erg (erg), n. a unit of work in the 
centimeter-gram-second system. Also 
ergon. 

ergmeter ('me-ter), n. an instrument 
for measuring the strength of an 
electric current in ergs. 

ergo (er'gd), adv. therefore; conse- 
quently. 

ergometer (-gom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring work per- 
formed or force produced. 

ergot ('got), n. a black horn-like 
fungus, growing upon rye, &c. 

erg-ten ('ten), n. a unit of work =: 
10,000,000,000 ergs. 

erinite ('in-it), n. a rich emerald- 
green arseniate of copper. 

ermine (er'min), n. a weasel-like 
animal, much valued for its fur, 
which becomes white in winter, ex- 
cept the tip of the tail, which re- 
mains black ; the emblem, dignity, 
or ofiice of a judge. 

ermined ('mind), p.adj. clothed or 
invested with ermine. 

ern (ern), n. an eagle. Also erne. 



4te, arm, Sslf, at, awl : m5, mSrge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; bo5n, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



808 



esp 



erode (e-rod'), v.t. to eat away; cor- 
rode. 

erose (-ros'), adj. toothed irregularly, 
as if gnawed away : said of a leaf. 

erosion (-ro'zhun), n. the act of 
eroding ; gradual destruction or eat- 
ing away ; an eroded part. 

erosive (-ros'iv), adj. gnawing or 
wearing away. 

erostrate (-ros'trat), adj. beakless. 

erotic (-rot'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
caused by, love ; amorous : n. an 
amatory poem or composition. 

err (er), v.i. to commit an error or 
mistake ; wander ; deviate from the 
path of rectitude. 

errand (er'and), n. a message; com- 
mission. 

errant ( 'rant ) , adj. roving ; wander- 
■ ing. 

errantry (-ri), n. knight-errantry. 

erratic (-rat'ik), adj. wandering; 
irregular ; eccentric : n.pl. boulders 
transported by natural agencies 
from their original site. 

erratically (-al-li), adv. irregularly. 

erratum (-ra'tum), n. [pi. errata 
Cta) ], an error in printing or writ- 
ing. 

erroneous (-ro'ne-us), adj. charac- 
terized by error ; incorrect ; mis- 
taken ; wrong. 

error ('er), n. deviation from the 
truth ; mistake ; blunder ; an irreg- 
ularity. 

Erse (ers) , adj. pertaining to the Kelts 
of Ireland or Scotla.nd, or to their 
language. . 

erst (erst), adv. formerly. 

eructation (e-ruk-ta'shun), n. the 
act of throwing off wind from the 
stomach. 

erudite (er'ti-dit), learned. 

erudition (-dish'un), n. knowledge 
obtained by the study of books ; 
learning. 

erupted (e-rupt'ed), adj. violently 
ejected. 

eruptive (-rup'tiv), adj. bursting 
forth. 

eryneo (e-ring'go), n. sea-holly. 

erysipelas (er-i-sip'e-las), n. an in- 
flammation of the skin, accompanied 
with fever. 

escalade (es-ka-lad'), n. the act of 
scaling the walls of a fortified place 



by means of scaling-ladders : v.t. to 
storm by scaling-ladders. 

escallop. Same as scallop. 

escapade (-pad'), n. a breach of pro- 
priety : misdeed ; freak. 

escape (-kap'), v.t. to flee from; get 
out of the way of ; avoid ; enjoy ] 
immunity from : v.i. to get out of 
danger; fly: n. a getting away from 
danger ; flight ; deliverance. 

escapement ('ment), n. a mechani- 
cal device for securing regularity of 
movement. , 

escarp (-karp'), v.t. to give a steep 
slope to : n. the side of the ditch next 
the rampart forming a steep slope. 

escarpment ('ment), n. the precipi- 
tous face of a ridge of high land. 

escheat (-chet), v.t. to forfeit 
through failure of heirs : v.i. to re- 
vert to the crown or lord of the 
manor by reason of forfeiture or 
failure of heirs : n. land or tene- 
ments which fall to the crown or 
lord of the manor by forfeiture or 
failure of heirs. 

escheiv (-chCi'), v.t. to shun; avoid. 

escorial (es-ko'ri-al), n. a worked- 
out mine. 

escort (es'kort), n. a body of armed 
men acting as a guard ; a retinue : 
v.t. (es-kort') to accompany; con- 
voy. 

escritoire (-kri-twar'), n. a writing 
desk, table, or bureau. 

esculent ('kti-lent), adj. eatable. 

escutclieon (-kuch'un), n. a shield 
on which the heraldic arms of a 
family are emblazoned. 

Eskimo ('ki-mo), adj. pertaining to 
one of a tribe of diminutive people 
inhabiting Greenland and adjacent 
parts. Also Esquimau. 

esophagus (e-sof'a-gus), n. the gul- 
let or canal through which food and 
drink pass to the stomach. Also 
oesophagus. 

esoteric (es-6-ter'ik), adj. pertaining 
to doctrines taught privately ; se- 
cret ; confidential. 

esoterist ('o-ter-ist), n. an occultist. 

espaliers (-pal'yerz), w.pZ. fruit trees 
trained on a trellis. 

esparto (-par'to), n. a species of 
Spanish grass used for making pa- 
per. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



«sp 



309 



etc 



especial (-pesh'al), adj. particular; 

chief. 
especially (-li), adv. particularly; 

chiefly. 

espionage ('pi-o-naj), n. the act or 
practice of spying to detect wrong- 
doing, or Of employing spies or se- 
cret agents. 

esplanade (-pla-nad'), n. a level 
walk or drive, especially by the sea- 
side ; a lawn ; glacis. 

espousal (-pouz'al), adj. pertaining 
to the act of espousing : n. the act 
of espousing or betrothing : pi. the 
ceremony of contracting a man and 
woman to each other in marriage. 

espouse (-pouz'), v.t. to promise, en- 
gage, or give in marriage ; vied ; 
adopt ; advocate or defend, as a 
cause. 

esprit de corps (-pre' de kor'), a 
spirit of common devotion, honor, 
interest, binding together men of 
the same profession, society, &c. 

espy (-pi'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. espied, 
p.pr. espying], to see at a distance; 
discover (something intended to be 
hid) ; see unexpectedly. 

Esquiimau, same as Eskimo. 

esquire (-kwir'), n. originally the ar- 
mo] -bearer or attendant on a knight ; 
a title next below a knight ; a title 
applied to professional men, justices 
of the peace, and often used instead 
of Mr. in the address of a letter. 

essay ('sa), n. a short written com- 
position or treatise ; an attempt ; 
experiment: v.t. (es-sa'), [p.t. & 
p.p. essayed, p.pr. essaying], to try 
or attempt. 

essence ('ens), n. the concentrated 
preparation of any substance ; vola- 
tile matter ; perfume ; that in which 
the real character of a thing con- 
sists. 

essential (-sen'shal), adj. necessary 
to the existence of a thing ; most 
important ; indispensable ; pure ; 
volatile : highly rectified. 

essemtiality (-shi-al'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being essential. 

essentially (-li), adv. in the highest 
degree. 

establish (-tab'lish), v.t. to fix firm- 
ly ; settle ; prove legally ; strength- 
en ; restore. 



establislinient (-ment), n. the act 
of establishing ; ratification ; settle- 
ment ; a place of residence or busi- 
ness ; household ; income ; a form of 
religion connected with the state. 

estate (-tat'), n. condition of life; 
rank, position, or quality ; the title 
or interest one has in lands or tene- 
ments ; property in general : pi. or- 
ders or classes of men in a country ; 
a legislative assembly composed of 
these classes. 

esteexn (-tem'), v.t. to set a high 
value upon ; respect ; prize ; con- 
sider : n. favorable opinion ; estima- 
tion ; respect ; reverence. 

esthetics, same as aesthetics. 

estimable ('ti-ma-bl), adj. worthy of 
regard, esteem, or honor ; calcula- 
ble. 

estimate ('ti-mat), v.t. to compute; 
determine the value of : n. the com- 
puted cost or value of anything ; 
appraisement. 

estimation (-ma'shun), n. calcula- 
tion ; appraisement ; honor, respect, 
or esteem ; conjecture. 

estop (-top'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. es- 
topped, p.pr. estopping], to place 
under estoppel ; bar. 

estoppel ('el), n. a legal impediment. 

estovers (-to'verz), n.pl. alimony; 
wood taken for his own use by a 
tenant. 

estrade (-trad'), n. a level place; a 
slightly raised platform. 

estrange (-tranj'), v.t. to alienate; 
keep at a distance ; turn from kind- 
ness to indifference or enmity (with 
from) . 

estrapade (-tra-pad'), n. the effort 
of a horse in trying to throw his 
rider, by kicking, rearing, &c. 

estrich ('trich), n. a trade name for 
fine ostrich down. 

estuarial (-tti-a'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or formed in, an estuary. 
Also estuarine. 

estuary ('tti-a-ri), n. [pi. estuaries 
(-riz) ], the mouth of a tidal river. 

et csetera (et set'er-a), and others 
of the same kind ; and so forth. 
Also et cetera. 

etch (ech), v.t. to engrave by biting 
out with an acid the design previous- 



ate, arm. ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ete 



310 



end 



ly drawn with an etching-needle : v.i. 
to practice etching. 

eternal (e-ter'nal), adj. without be- 
ginning or end ; everlasting ; per- 
petual ; incessant. 

Eternal, n. an appellation of God 
(with The). 

eternally (-li), adv. perpetually. 

eternity ('ni-ti), n. [pi. eternities 
(-tiz)], infinite duration; unending 
existence. 

etesian (e-te'zhi-an) , adj. noting the 
north or northeast wind which in 
early spring prevails over Europe. 

ether (e'ther), n. an extremely fine 
fluid, lighter than air, supposed to 
pervade all space beyond the atmos- 
phere of the earth ; a volatile in- 
flammable liquid produced by the 
distillation of alcohol with sulphuric 
acid. 

ethereal (-the're-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or formed of, ether ; airy ; ex- 
quisite ; heavenly. 

ethereally (-li), adv. in an ethereal 
manner. 

etherol (e'ther-ol), n. a yellowish, 
viscid, oily hydrocarbon. 

ethical (eth'i-kal), adj. pertaining to 
ethics ; moral. Also ethic. 

ethicis ('iks), n.2ol. the science that 
treats of the principles of human 
morality and duty ; moral philoso- 
phy ; morals. 

Ethiopian (-thi-o'pi-an), adj. per- 
taining to Ethiopia : n. a native of 
Ethiopia. 

ethmoid (eth'moid), n. a light, 
spongy, sieve-like bone, which forms 
the roof of the nose. 

ethnic ('nik), adj. pertaining to, or 
characteristic of, races or peoples. 
Also ethnical. 

ethnography (-nog'ra-fi), n. the sci- 
entific description of races and na- 
tions of mankind. 

ethnology (-nol'o-ji), n. the science 
that treats of races of men, their 
characteristics, &c. 

ethology (-ol'o-ji), n. the science 
of ethics. 

ethos (e'thos), n. the characteristic 
genius of a people, institution, or 
system. 

ethyl (eth'il), n. a monatomic fatty 



hydrocarbon radical, contained in 
alcohol and ether. 

ethylene (-en), n. heavy carburetted 
hydrogen, or defiant gas. 

etiolate (e'ti-o-lat), v.t. to blanch or 
whiten by exclusion from sunlight. 

etiq.nette (et'i-ket), n. the conven- 
tional rules or ceremonial observed 
in polite society ; good breeding. 

etymological (et-i-mo-loj'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to etymology. 

etymologically (-li), adv. in an ety- 
mological manner. 

etymologist (-mol'o-jist), n. one 
who is proficient in etymology. Also 
etymologer. 

etymologize (-mol'o-jiz), v.i. to in- 
vestigate the origin and primary 
meaning of words. 

etymology ('o-ji), n. [pi. etymolo- 
gies (-jiz)], that branch of philolo- 
gy which treats of the origin and 
derivation of words ; that part of 
grammar which treats of the parts: 
of speech and their inflections. 

etymon ('i-mon), n. the root of a 
word or its primitive signification. 

eucalyptol (ti-ka-lip'tol), n. a liquid 
contained in eucalyptus oil. 

Eucalyptus ('tus), n. [pi. Eucalypti 
('ti)], a genus of Australian ever- 
green trees, some species of which 
furnish gum and a valuable medi- 
cine. 

eucalyptus, n. a tree of the genus- 
above defined. 

eucharist (u'ka-rist), n. the Holy 
Communion ; the sacrament of the 
Lord's Supper ; the elements, bread 
and wine, used in that sacrament. 

eucharistic (-ris'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to the eucharist ; expressing 
thanksgiving. Also eucharistical. 

euchlorine (-klo'rin), n. a greenish 
explosive gas, having bleaching 
properties. 

euchre ('ker), n. a particular game 
of cards, those between seven and 
ace being discarded : v.t. to prevent 
(an opponent at euchre) from tak- 
ing three of the five tricks : hence 
to outwit. 

eudiometer (-di-om'e-ter), n. a grad- 
uated instrument for measuring the 
■volume of a gas. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



enl 



311 



evo 



eulogist (-jist), n. one who eulo- 
gizes. 

eulogistic ('ik), adj. laudatory. 

eulogize ('lo-jiz), v.t. to praise high- 
ly ; ■ commend. 

eulogy (-ji), n. [pi. eulogies (-jiz)], 
the praise of anyone spoken or writ- 
ten; panegyric. 

eunuch ('nuk), n. a castrated per- 
son, especially an attendant in a 
harem. 

euphemism ('fem-izm), n. the sub- 
stitution of a delicate or pleasing 
expression in place of that which is 
offensive or indelicate. 

euphemistic (-is'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or characterized by, euphe- 
mism. 

euphonic (-fon'ik), adj. sounding 
pleasantly to the ear. Also euphoni- 
cal, euphonious. 

euphonium (-fo'ni-um), n. a bass 
brass instrument ; a musical instru- 
ment consisting of glass tubes unit- 
ed by metal bars. 

euphony ('fo-ni), n. [pi. euphonies 
(-niz)], an agreeable sound, or pro- 
nunciation. 

euphuism ('fti-izm), n. the pedantic 
or affected use of words or language. 

euroclydon (-rok'li-don), n. a tem- 
pestuous northeasterly wind preva- 
lent in the Levant. Also euraquilo. 

European (-ro-pe'an), adj. pertain- 
ing to Europe. 

eustachian (-sta'ki-an), adj. noting 
a tube which leads from the cavity 
of the tympanum of the ear to the 
pharynx. 

eutectic (-tek'tik), adj. melting at a 
low temperature. 

euthanasia (-than-a'zhi-a), n. a 
painless, easy death. Also euthan- 
asy. 

evacuate (e-vak'ti-at), v.t. to make 
void or empty ; discharge through 
the excretory passages ; abandon 
possession, or withdraw from. 

evade (-vad'), v.t. to elude; escape 
by artifice, stratagem, or sophistry. 

evadible ('i-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing evaded. Also evadable. 

evanescent (ev-a-nes'ent), adj. dis- 
appearing gradually from sight; 
vanishing. 



evangel (e-van'jel), n. good news, 
especially that of the Gospel. 

evangelical ('ik-al), ayij. pertaining 
to the Gospel, or the four Gospels ; 
maintaining the fundamental doc- 
trines of the Protestant faith ; spir- 
itually minded. Also evangelic : n. 
one who holds evangelical doctrines. 

evangelically (-li), adv. in an evan- 
gelical manner. 

evangelism Cjel-izm), w. the doctrine 
and preaching of evangelical princi- 
ples. Also evangelicalism. 

evangelist (-ist), n. one of the four 
writers of the Gospel ; an itinerant 
preacher. 

evangelize ('jel-iz), v.t. to instruct 
in the Gospel ; convert to Chris- 
tianity. 

evaporate (-vap'o-rat), v.i. to dis- 
perse in vapor; pass away without 
effect : v.t. to convert into vapor. 

evaporation (-ra'shun), n. the slow 
conversion of a fluid into vapor. 

evasion (-va'zhun), n. the act of 
evading ; an excuse ; equivocation ; 
subterfuge. 

evasive (-va'siv), adj. tending, or 
seeking to evade ; elusive. 

evasively (-li), adv. with evasion. 

eve (ev), n. the fast or vigil before 
a church festival, or saint's day ; 
the period immediately preceding 
some important event ; evening 
[Poet.]. 

evection (-vek'shun), n. a periodical 
irregularity of the moon's motion. 

even (e'vn), adj. level; uniform; 
smooth ; parallel ; divisible by 2 
without a remainder ; equal ; bal- 
anced ; calm ; whole : n. evening 
[Poet.] : v.t. to level or make even : 
v.t. to be quits : adv. verily ; exactly ; 
noting emphasis ; but also. 

evening ('vn-ing), n. the close of the 
day and beginning of the night ; the 
latter end of life. 

evenly (-li), adv. in an even man- 
ner ; smoothly ; uniformly ; impar- 
tially. 

evenness (-nes), n. smoothness; uni- 
formity ; regularity ; equality of sur- 
face ; equanimity. 

event (-vent'), n. an occurrence; in- 
cident ; consequence of an action ; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; booo, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



eve 



312 



any single item in a program of 
sports or games. 

eventful ('fool), adj. full of inci- 
dents or events ; momentous. 

eventide ('vn-tid), n. evening. 

eventual (-ven'tu-al), adj. happen- 
ing as a result ; ultimate ; contin- 
gent. 

eventuality ('i-ti), n. [pi. eventual- 
ities (-tiz)], a possible occurrence; 
a propensity to take cognizance of 
events or facts. 

eventually (-li), adv. ultimately. 

eventuate ('tti-at), v.i. to happen; 
terminate; result. 

ever (ev'er), adv. at any time; al- 
ways ; without end ; in any degree. 

everglade (-glad), n. a low, swampy 
tract of land, with patches of tall 
grass. 

evergreen (-gren), n. a tree or plant 
which retains its foliage throughout 
the year : adj. always green, or 
fresh. 

everlasting (-last'ing), adj. perpet- 
ual ; n. eternity ; a plant whose flow- 
ers retain their color when dried ; a 
kind of stout woolen material. 

Everlasting, n. God, the Eternal. 

evermore (-mor), adv. eternally; al- 
ways. 

evert (e-vert'), v.t. to destroy; over- 
throw ; turn outwards. 

every (ev'ri or ev'er-i), adj. the 
whole, taken one at a time ; each. 

evict (e-vikt'), v.t. to expel or dis- 
possess by legal process. 

eviction (-vik'shun), n. the act of 
evicting. . 

evidence (ev'i-dens), n. indubitable 
certainty ; proof ; testimony : v.t. to 
prove ; make evident or plain. 

evident (-dent), adj. plain; obvious. 

evidential (-den'shal), adj. proving 
clearly. 

evidentially (-li), adv. as evidence. 

evil (e'vl), adj. morally bad; wicked; 
sinful ; unfortunate ; mischievous ; 
disastrous ; worthless : adv. badly ; 
unkindly : n. moral depravity ; in- 
jury ; affliction. 

evil-eye (-i), n. an influence for in- 
jury, supposed to be exerted by cer- 
tain persons who cast a malignant 
glance at anyone. 



evilly (-li), adv. maliciously; wick- 
edly. 

evizice (e-vins'), v.t. to manifest or 
make evident ; demonstrate. 

evincible (-vin'si-bl), adj. capable 
of proof or demonstration. 

eviscerate (-vis'er-at), v.t. to dis- 
embowel. 

evoke (-vok'), v.t. to call forth. 

evolution (ev-o-lu'shun), n. devel- 
opment or growth ; the movements 
of troops in marching or on the bat- 
tle field ; the extraction of roots of 
any arithmetical or algebraical pow- 
er ; the gradual development or de- 
scent of forms of life from simple 
or low organized types consisting of 
a single cell. 

evolutional (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or resulting from, evolution. Also 
evolutionary. 

evolutionist (-ist), adj. pertaining 
to evolution : n. one who maintains 
the doctrine of evolution ; tactician. 

evolutive (-tiv), adj. evolutionary. 

evolve (e-volv'), v.t. to develop; un- 
fold ; expand ; work out. 

eive (ti), n. a female sheep. 

ewer ('er), n. a large water jug, used 
in the toilet. 

ex, prefix, meaning out of, teyond, 
from; before words denoting occu- 
pation or ofiice, it indicates previous 
occupancy. 

exact (egz-akt'), adj. very correct or 
accurate; precise; methodical; 
strict ; particular : v.t. require or 
claim authoritatively ; compel to be 
paid ; insist upon as a right. 

exacting ('ing), p.adj. making un- 
reasonable demands ; oppressive ; 
severe ; arduous. 

exaction (-ak'shun), n. the act of 
exacting ; extortion. 

exactly ( 'li ) , adv. accurately ; pre- 
cisely. 

exactness ('nes), n. accuracy; pre- 
cision. 

exactor ('er), n. one who exacts. 

exaggerate (egz-aj'er-at), v.t. to en- 
large or heighten by overstatement ; 
color highly. 

exalt (-awlt'), v.t. to elevate in rank, 
station, or dignity ; raise on high ; 
glorify or extol. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon^ 
book; hue, hut; think, *Aen. 



313 



examine (-am'in), v.t. to scrutinize 
or investigate carefully ; search or 
inquire into ; interrogate as a wit- 
ness ; test orally or by papers the 
knowledge, qualifications, &c., of, as 
a candidate for a degree or office ; 
experiment ; analyze ; test. 

examinee (-i-ne'), n. one who is ex- 
amined. 

example (-am'pl), n. a pattern; a 
model or copy ; an illustration of a 
rule or precept ; sample ; specimen ; 
one punished for the admonition of 
others. 

exasperate (egz-as'per-at), v.t. to 
irritate exceedingly ; enrage great- 
ly ; embitter ; intensify : adj. cov- 
ered with hard, stiff points : said of 
a plant. 

ex cathedra (eks ka-the'dra), adv. 
with an air of official authority ; 
dogmatically. 

excavate (eks'ka-vat), v.t. to dig or 
hollow out ; scoop or cut out. 

excavation (-va'shun), n. a hollow 
cavity formed by cutting or digging 
out earth ; an open earth-cutting. 

excavator (-va-ter), n. one who, or 
that which, excavates ; a digging 
machine. 

exceed (ek-sed'), v.t. to go beyond the 
limit or measure of ; surpass ; excel ; 
transcend : v.i. to be greater ; go be- 
yond bounds. 

exceeding ('ing), p.adj. very great. 

exceedingly (-li), adv. extremely. 

excel (-sel'), v.i. [p.t. &, p.p. excelled, 
p.pr. excelling], to possess good 
qualities in a great degree : v.t. sur- 
pass ; outdo in comparison ; to be 
superior to. 

excellence (-ens), n. the state of ex- 
celling in anything ; superior merit, 
goodness, or virtue. 

excellency (-en-si), n. [pi. excellen- 
cies (-siz)], a title of honor of vari- 
ous high officials, as an ambassador, 
governor, &c. 

excellent (-ent), adj. of great value, 
merit, or virtue ; highly useful or 
desirable ; eminently distinguished 
for goodness, or ability. 

excelsior ('si-er), adj. yet higher. 

except (-sept'), v.t. to omit or leave 
out ; exclude : v.i. to object (with 



to) : prep, omitting; without inclu- 
' sion of ; besides : conj. unless. 

exception ('shun), n. the state of 
being excepted ; omission ; exclu- 
sion ; objection; offense taken (with 
to) ', a. formal objection to a decision 
of a court during trial. 

exceptionable (-a-bl), adj. objec- 
tionable. 

exceptional (-al), adj. unusual. 

exceptionally (-li), adv. unusually. 

excerpt (-serpf), v.t. to take out or 
select from, as a book ; quote : n. a 
selection or extract from a book or 
writing. 

excess (-ses'), n. that which exceeds 
the ordinary limit, measure, or ex- 
perience ; overplus ; superfluity ; in- 
temperance. 

excessive ('iv). adj. extreme; un- 
reasonable. 

exchange (eks-chanj'), v.t. to give in 
return for an equivalent ; barter, 
feive, rc'siorn, or abandon : n. the act 
of exchanging' ; barter ; reciprocity ; 
the act of resigning one thing for 
another ; a place where merchants 
meet (often 'change). 

exchange-broker (-bro'ker), n. a 
broker who negotiates foreign bills. 

exchangeable ('a-bl), adj. that may 
be exchanged ; ratable. 

exchanger ('er), n. a money-chang- 
er. 

exchequer (-chek'er), n. a treasury; 
cash or funds ; formerly an English 
court of law, now merged into the 
Queen's Bench division of the High 
Court of Justice. 

excisable (ek-siz'a-bl), adj. dutiable. 

excise (-siz'), v.t. to levy an excise 
duty upon : n. an inland tax levied 
on commodities of home production 
and consumption. 

excision (-sizh'un), n. the act of cut- 
ting out, or off ; the state of being 
cut off ; destruction ; ruin ; amputa- 
tion. 

excitability (-sTt-ta-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. 
excitabilities (-tiz)], the state or 
quality of being excitable or easily 
stirred up ; sensitiveness to irrita- 
tion. 

excitant (-si'tant), n. a stimulant. 

excitation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
exciting ; the excitement produced. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl 



I 



me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; bOon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



esc 



314 



excite (-sit'), v.t. to animate; rouse 
up ; encourage ; put into motion or 
action. 

excited ('ed), p.adj. aroused; pro- 
voked. 

exciting ('ing), p.adj. tending to ex- 
cite ; stirring ; lively. 

excitement ('ment), n. the state of 
being excited ; commotion ; sensa- 
tion ; stimulation ; warmth of tem- 
per. 

exclaim (eks-klam'), v.L & v.t. to cry 
out abruptly and passionately ; to 
vociferate. 

exclamation (-kla-ma'shun), n. an 
abrupt or clamorous outcry ; an ex- 
pression of surprise, pain, &c. ; a 
mark (!) in v^riting or printing to 
denote emotion, surprise, &c. 

exclamatorily (-li), adv. in an ex- 
clamatory manner. 

exclamatory (-klam'a-to-ri), adj. 
containing, expressing, or using, ex- 
clamation. 

exclave ('klav), n. a small part of a 
country lying within the territory of 
another power. 

exclude (-klud'), v.t. to shut out; 
hinder from entrance or admission ; 
prohibit ; debar ; except. 

exclusion (-klti'zhun), n. the act of 
excluding ; the state of being ex- 
cluded ; omission. 

exclusionist (-ist), n. one who would 
debar another from any privilege or 
right. 

exclusive ('siv), adj. tending to ex- 
clude ; illiberal ; shutting out from 
limits fixed by law: n. one who ex- 
cludes all but a few from his society 
or fellowship. 

excogitate (-koj'i-tat), v.t. to in- 
vent ; discover by thinking. 

excommunicable ( -kom-mu'ni-ka- 
bl), adj. deserving, or punishable 
by, excommunication. 

exeommunicate ('ni-kat), v.t. to 
punish by cutting off from the mem- 
bership and communication of the 
church. 
excoriate (-ko'ri-at), v.t. to strip ofB 

the skin ; rub or gall ; abrade. 
excortication (-kor-ti-ka'shun), n. 

the act of stripping off bark. 
excrement ('kre-ment), n. matter 



discharged from the body of an ani- 
mal after digestion. 

excremental (-men'tal), adj. of the 
nature of excrement. 

excrementitious (tish'us), arf;. per- 
taining to, or consisting of, excre- 
ment. 

excrescence (-kres'ens), n. an un- 
natural or disfiguring outgrowth. 

excrescent Cent), adj. pertaining to 
an excrescence ; superfluous. 

excreta (-kre'ta), n.pl. useless mat- 
ter eliminated from the body. 

excretion ('shun), n. the throwing 
off or ejection of waste matter from 
the body. 

excretory ('to-ri), adj. pertaining to 
excretion: n. [pZ. excretories (-riz)], 
a duct or vessel that transmits ex- 
creted matter. 

excruciate (-krti'shi-at), v.t. to in- 
flict severe pains upon ; torture. 

excruciating (-a-ting), adj. agoniz- 
ing. 

excruciation (-a'shun), n. agony; 
torture. 

exculpate (-kul'pat), v.t. to clear 
from the imputation of a fault ; ex- 

. onerate. 

exculpatory ('pa-to-ri), adj. vindi- 
catory. 

excurrent (-kur'ent), adj. running 
out beyond the edge : said of trees 
or leaves. 

excursion (-ker'shun), n. a pleasure 
trip ; a short or rapid tour ; a di- 
gression. 

excursive ('siv), adj. rambling. 

excursus ('sus), n. a dissertation 
supplemental to a work, giving ad- 
ditional information on certain 
points ; a digression. 

excusable (-kuz'a-bl), adv. pardona- 
ble. 

excusably (.-bli), adv. pardonably. 

excuse (-kuz'), v.t. to extenuate by 
apology ; pardon ; free from obliga- 
tion or duty ; remit ; justify : n. 
(-kus') a plea offered in extenua- 
tion of some fault or neglect of 
duty ; apology ; pretext. 

exeat ('e-at), n. leave of absence 
from a college ; permission granted 
by a bishop to a priest to depart 
from his diocese. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hiie, hut ; think, then. 



exe 



315 



esh 



execrate ('e-krat), v.t. to imprecate 

evil upon; detest; abhor. 
execration (-kra'shun), n. the act 
of execrating ; imprecation ; detesta- 
tion. 

execute ('e-kut), v.t. to perform; 
carry into effect ; put to death ; pur- 
sue to the end ; make valid or legal 
by signing or sealing : v.i. to per- 
form any act or office ; play some 
piece of music. 

execution (-ku'shun), n. the act of 
executing ; performance ; manner of 
carrying anything into effect ; com- 
pletion ; a legal v^^arrant or order ; 
the act of giving validity to a legal 
instrument ; capital punishment ; 
destruction ; effective work or oper- 
ation. 

executive (egs-ek'u-tiv), adj. per- 
taining to the governing body ; ad- 
ministrative ; active : n. an official, 
or body, charged with carrying the 
laws into effect ; the administrative 
branch of a government. 

executor ('u-ter), n. a person ap- 
pointed by a testator to see that the 
terms of his will are duly carried 
out. Fern, executrix. 

executory ('u-to-ri), adj. pertaining 
to the execution of laws ; carrying 
out official duties ; to be performed 
at a future period. 

exegesis (eks-e-je'sis), n. explana- 
tion or interpretation of a text or 
passage, especially of the Bible. 

exegetic (-jet'ik), adj. expository; 
interpretative. Also exegetical : n. 
pi. the science which deals with the 
interpretation of Scripture. 

exeniplar (egz-em'plar), n. some- 
thing to be copied, or serving as a 
model ; example. 

exemplary (-em'pla-ri), adj. serving 
as a copy or model ; commendable. 

exemplification (-pli-fi-ka'shun), n. 
illustration by example. 

exemplify ('pli-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
exemplified, p.pr. exemplifying], to 
illustrate by example ; transcribe. 

exempt (-empt'), v.t. to free from 
some duty or obligation ; grant im- 
munity to : adj, free from some duty 
or obligation (with from) : w. a 
person thus set free ; an exon. 



exequatur (eks-e-kwa'ter), n. a 
written recognition of a consul or 
commercial agent given by the for- 
eign government to which he is 
accredited, authorizing him to exer- 
cise his authority in the place where 
he is stationed. 

exercise ('er-siz), v.t. to train by 
use ; exert ; practice ; employ ac- 
tively ; make anxious ; harass ; v.i. 
to undergo training : n. bodily exer- 
tion ; mental or physical develop- 
ment ; labor ; practice ; a lesson or 
example for practice. 

exercitor (egz-er'si-ter), n. the per- 
son to whom the profits of a ship be- 
long. 

exergue (-erg'), n. the small space 
beneath the principal design on a 
coin or medal for the insertion of a 
date, &c. 

exert (-erf), v.t. to put forth; use 
with an effort, 

exeunt (eks'e-unt), they go out: a 
word used in plays to denote that 
the actors retire from the stage. 

exfoliation (-fo-li-a'shun), n. the 
act of scaling or peeling off. 

exhalation (eks-ha-la'shun), n. the 
act of exhaling ; emanation. 

exhale (-hal'), v.t. to breathe forth; 
emit or ^ send out ; cause to evapo- 
rate : v.i. to rise in vapor. 

exhaust (egz-awst'), v.t. to empty 
by drawing off the contents ; drain ; 
weaken ; wear out by exertion ; dis- 
cuss or treat thoroughly : adj. whol- 
ly or partially deprived of strength. 

exhaustible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
being exhausted. 

exhaustive ('iv), adj. exhausting; 
complete. 

exhibit (egz-ib'it and eks-hib'it,) v.t. 
to present to view ; display ; show ; 
manifest publicly; present formally 
or officially ; administer : n. a legal 
document presented in proof of 
facts ; an object offered for public 
view. 

exhibition (-hi-bish'un), n. the act 
of exhibiting ; a public show ; a pri- 
vate benefaction for the support of 
a scholar at a university. 

exhilarate (egz-il'a-rat and eks-hil'- 
a-rat), v.t. to make joyous, glad, or 
cheerful ; enliven. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, t/ien. 



exh. 



816 



exp 



exhort (egz-ort and eks-hort'), v.t. 
to incite by appeal or argument to 
good deeds ; caution ; admonish. 

exhortative ('a-tiv), adj. contain- 
ing exhortation. 

exhortatory ('a-to-ri), adj. tending 
to exhort. 

exhume (eks-htim'), v.t. to disinter. 

exigency (eks'i-jen-si), n. [pi. exig- 
encies (-S4z)], pressing necessity or 
demand ; urgency. 

exigent ('i-jent), adj. urgent; press- 
ing. 

exile (ex'il), v.t. to banish from one's 
native country : n. the state of being 
banished from one's native country ; 
the condition of living away from 
one's home or friends. 

exist {egz-ist'),v.i.to have existence; 
live. 

existence ('ens), n. the state of 
being ; life ; duration ; occurrence. 

existent, ('tent), n. having being. 

exit (eks'it), n. the act of going out; 
egress ; the departure of an actor 
from the stage. 

exo, a prefix, meaning on the outside, 
occurring in many scientific words. 

exode (eks'od), n. an interlude, &c., 
at the conclusion of a play. 

ex ofScic (of-fish'i-o), by virtue of 
office. 

ezogen ('o-jen), n. a plant which 
increases year by year by the addi- 
tion of layers outside the previous 
bark : opposed to endogen. 

exogenous (-oj'en-us), adj. pertain- 
ing to exogens or their method of 
growth. 

exonerate (egz-on'er-at), v.t. to 
free from the imputation of a fault ; 
acquit ; justify ; relieve or dis- 
charge from a responsibility, duty, 
&c. 

exonerative (-a-tiv), adj. tending to 
exonerate. 

exophthalmia (eks-of-thal'mia), n. 
abnormal prominence of the ejaball. 

exorbitance (egz'or-bi-tans), n. go- 
ing beyond due limits ; excess. Also 
exorbitancy. 

exorbitant (-tant), adj. excessive. 

exorcise (eks'or-slz), v.t. to expel (an 
evil spirit) by prayers or incanta- 
tions ; pronounce exorcisms over. 



exorcism (-sizm), n. the act of ex- 
pelling evil spirits. 

exorcist (-sist), n. one who exor- 
cises ; one of the minor orders in 
the Roman Catholic and Greek 
Churches. 

exordium (egz-or'di-um), n. the 
opening part of a speech or compo- 
sition. 

exosmose (eks'os-mos), n. the pas- 
sage outwards through a membrane 
of gases and liquids. 

exoteric (-o-ter'ik), adj. pertaining 
to the uninitiated public : opposed 
to esoteric. 

exotic (-ot'ik), adj. foreign. 

expand (-pand'), v.t. to distend; di- 
late ; extend : v.i. to increase in size. 

expanse (-pans'), n. a continuous 
area ; the firmament ; extent. 

expansible (-pan'si-bl), adj. capable 
of, or permitting, expansion. 

expansion (-pan'shun), n. the state 
of being expanded. 

expansive ('siv), adj. capable of 
being expanded ; widely extended ; 
large. Also expansile. 

ex parte (par'te), adj. one-sided. 

expatiate (-pa'shi-at), v.i. to en- 
large in statement or language ; be 
copious in discussion. 

expatriate (-pat'ri-at), v.t. to drive 
from one's native country. 

expect (-pekt'), v.t. to wait for; 
look for with an apprehension of 
something good or evil. 

expectance ('ans), n. the act or 
state of expecting. Also expectancy. 

expectant ('ant), adj. waiting in ex- 
pectation ; presumptive. 

expectation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
looking forward to ; anticipation ; 
contingent prospect of wealth. 

expectorant ('to-rant), n. a medi- 
cine that promotes expectoration. 

expectorate ('to-rat), v.t. to eject 
from the lungs by coughing, &c. ; 
spit. 

expectoration (-to-ra'shun), n. the 
act of expectorating ; the mucous 
matter expectorated. 

expediency (-pe'di-en-si), n. [pi. ex- 
pediencies (-siz)], suitability to an 
end or purpose ; fitness ; propriety. 
Also expedience. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hiie, hut ; think, then. 



dsp 



317 



ezp 



expedient ('di-ent), adj. fit; con- 
venient ; suitable ; proper : n. that 
which aids as a means to an end ; 
device. 

expedite ('pe-dit), v.t. to hasten; 
facilitate. 

expedition (-dish'un), n. haste; des- 
patch ; promptness ; a march, voy- 
age, &c., by an army or several per- 
sons for some particular purpose. 

expeditionary (-a-ri), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or constituting, an expedition. 

expeditions ('us) , adj. quick; 
speedy. 

expel (-pel'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ex- 
pelled, p.pr. expelling], to drive 
away ; force out ; send away by 
authority ; exclude. 

expend (-pend'), v.t. to lay out; 
spend. 

expenditure ('i-tur), n. a laying out, 
as money, time, labor, &c. ; disburse- 
ment. 

expense (-pens'), n. expenditure; 
drain on resources ; detriment ; cost. 

expensive ('iv), adj. causing ex- 
pense. 

experience (-pe'ri-ens), n. knowl- 
edge gained by trial and practice ; 
test ; practice ; spiritual exercise of 
mind. 

experientialism (-en'shal-izm), n. 
the theory that all knowledge is 
based upon experience. 

experiment (-per'i-ment), 11. a trial 
or operation to discover something 
previously unknown ; proof ; trial : 
v.i. to search out by trial. Also 
experimentalize. 

experimental (-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or founded on, experiment ; 
guided, or learned by experience. 

experimentally (-li), adv. by ex- 
periment. 

expert (-pert'), adj. skilful, through 
practice or experience ; adroit ; dex- 
terous. 

expiate ('pi-at)_, v.t. to atone for. 

expiatory (-a-to-ri), adj. having the 
power or nature of atonement. 

expiration (-pi-ra'shun), n. termi- 
nation. 

expire (-pir'), v.t. to breathe out 
from the lungs : v.i. to die. 

expiry ('pi-ri), n. the end. 

explain (-plan'), v.t. to make in- 



telligible or clear ; expound or in- 
terpret. 

explanation (-pla-na'shun), n. the 
act of explaining ; elucidation ; in- 
terpretation ; a mutual clearing up 
of a misunderstanding. 

explanatory (-plan'a-to-ri), adj. 
serving to explain. 

expletive ('ple-tiv), n. a word not 
necessary for the sense inserted in 
a sentence for ornament or to fill 
up a verse : adj. filling up ; added 
or inserted for emphasis, &c. 

explicable ('pli-ka-bl), adj. that 
may be explained or interpreted. 

explicative (-ka-tiv), adj. serving to 
explain. Also explicatory. 

explicit (-plis'it), a(Z;. plain ; definite. 

explode (-plod'), v.i. to burst forth 
with sudden noise and violence ; col- 
lapse : v.t. to cause to pass from a 
solid to a gaseous state ; refute ; de- 
molish. 

exploit (-ploit ;, v.t. to make use of 
for one's own profit ; put to use ; 
explore in search of : explain at 
length : n. a remarkable deed or 
heroic act. 

exploitation (-ploi-ta'shun), n. the 
act of exploiting ; the improvement 
of lands, working of mines, &c. ; an 
examination to utilize natural re- 
sources previously neglected ; sel' 
fish utilization. 

exploration (-plo-ra'shun), n. the 
act of exploring ; careful investi- 
gation or search, especially geo- 
graphical research. 

explore (-plor'), v.t. to search into 
or examine thoroughly ; travel in 
or over (a country) to discover its 
characteristic features, &c. 

explosion (-plo'zhun), n. the act of 
exploding ; a sudden bursting with 
a loud report ; a sudden and violent 
outbreak. 

explosive ('siv), adj. pertaining to, 
or causing, explosion : n. any sub- 
stance that causes an explosion ; a 
mute consonant. 

exponent (-po'nent), n. the index of 
an algebraical power ; one who ex- 
plains or interprets the principles 
of something. 

exponential (-nen'shal), adj. per= 
taining to an exponent. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



mxp 



318 



est 



export (-port'), v.t. to send or carry 
out of a country, as merchandise : 
v.i. to send goods to a foreign 
country: (eks'port), n. a commodity 
carried to a foreign country. 

expose (-poz'), v.t. to lay open; put 
forward for sale ; leave to the ac- 
tion of any force or circumstance; 
disclose ; place in peril ; lay open to 
censure or ridicule. 

expose (-po-za'), n. an exposure. 

exposition (-zish'un), n. an expla- 
nation or interpretation ; an exhi- 
bition. 

expositor (-poz'i-ter), n. one who ex- 
pounds or interprets. 

expository ('i-to-ri), adj, pertaining 
to, or conveying, exposition. Also 
expositive. 

ex post facto (post fak'to), (Latin, 
after the deed is done), a law en- 
acted with retrospective effect. 

expostulate (-pos'tu-lat), v.i. to 
reason earnestly or remonstrate 
(followed by with, on or upon). 

expostulatory ('tu-la-to-ri), adj. 
pertaining to, containing, or of the 
nature of, expostulation. 

exposure (-po'zhur), n. the act of 
exposing ; situation ; aspect. 

expouurl (-pound'), v.t. to set forth, 
explain, or interpret ; make clear. 

express (-pres'), v.t. to exhibit by 
language ; utter ; show ; represent ; 
squeeze out ; despatch by express : 
adj. plainly stated ; exact ; resem- 
bling precisely ; not implied ; special- 
ly prepared ; pertaining to quick or 
Jirect conveyance : n. sl person or 
vehicle that carries letters or small 
packages expeditiously ; an express- 
train ; a message or despatch ; a 
regular and systematic method of 
conveyance for passengers, mails, 
goods of small bulk, &c. 

expressible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
being expressed, in any sense of the 
word. 

expression (-presh'un), n. the act 
or power of representing anything ; 
a saying ; mode of speech ; transient 
change of the countenance ; modu- 
lation of the voice. 

expressive ('iv), adj. serving to ex- 
press ; full of significance ; forcibly. 



expressively (-li), adv. in an ex- 
pressive manner. 

expressly (-pres'li), adv. plainly; 
specially. 

expressman ('man), n. the person 
who takes charge of express matter 
and attends to its delivery ; the 
driver of an express wagon. 

expropriation (-pro-pri-a'shun), n, 
the exclusion of a small owner from 
the ownership of land, &c. 

expulsion (-pul'shun), n. forcible 
ejection. 

expulsive (-siv), adj. serving to ex- 
pel. 

expunge (-punj'), v.t. to blot out; 
erase ; destroy ; obliterate. 

expurgate ('per-gat), v.t. to remove 
whatever is offensive to good taste 
or morality from : said of books. 

expurgator (-ga-ter), n. one who ex- 
purgates. 

expurgatory ('ga-to-ri), adj. serving 
to expurgate. 

exquisite ('kwi-zit), adj. refined; 
delicate ; nice ; accurate ; choice ; ex- 
cellent ; highly finished ; very sen- 
sibly felt ; extreme : n. a person 
over refined in dress ; a dandy. 

extant ('tant), adj. still existing. 

extemporaneous (-tem-po-ra'ne-us) , 
adj. unpremediated ; without pre- 
vious notes or study ; off-hand. 
Also extemporary. 

extempore ('po-re), adj. without 
study or premeditation. 

extemporize ('po-riz), v.t. to com- 
pose on the spur of the moment : v.i. 
to discourse, &c., without notes or 
previous study. 

extend (-tend'), v.t. to stretch out; 
enlarge ; amplify ; continue ; diffuse ; 
communicate ; disseminate : v.i. to 
reach to any distance ; be prolonged. 

extensible (-ten'si-bl), adj. capable 
of extension. Also extensile. 

extension ('shun), n. the act of ex- 
tending; the state of being ex- 
tended ; a branch line of railway, 
&c. ; space regarded as having di- 
mensions. 

extensive ('siv), adj. having great 
extent ; wide ; comprehensive. 

extensively (-li), adv. widely ; large- 
ly- 



ate, arm, 



at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, *^en. 



est 



319 



est 



eztensometer (-som'e-ter), n. sl mi- 
crometer for measuring the expan- 
sion of a body. 

extensor (-ten'ser), n. a muscle that 
extends, or straightens, a limb. 

extent (-tent'), n. the space or de- 
gree to which a thing is extended ; 
size ; compass ; reach ; a writ of 
execution. 

extenuate (-ten'ti-at), v.t. to offer 
excuses for ; palliate ; mitigate. 

extenuator (-a-ter), n. one who ex- 
tenuates. 

extenuatory (-to-ri), adj. palliative. 

exterior (-te'ri-er) adj. outward; 
external : n. that which is outside ; 
outer surface. 

exterminate (-ter'mi-nat), v.t. to 
destroy utterly ; annihilate ; root 
out. 

exterminator (-na-ter), n. one who, 
or that which, exterminates. 

exterminatory (-to-ri), adj. per- 
taining to extermination; serving to 
exterminate. 

extern (-tern'), n. a non-resident 
scholar : adj. external ; visible. 

external (-ter'nal), adj. outside; ex- 
terior ; superficial ; objective ; for- 
eign : n. an exterior or outward part ; 
an outward form, rite, or ceremony. 

externally (-li), adv. outwardly. 

exterritoriality (- ter - ri-to-ri-al'i- 
ti), n. the right possessed by am- 
bassadors to live under the laws of 
their own country. 

extinct (-tingkt'), adj. extinguished; 
put out; quenched; worn out; in- 
active. 

extinctenr ('tur or -tang-tur'), n. a 
portable fire-extinguisher. 

extinguish, (-ting'gwish), v.t. to put 
out ; pay off and satisfy in full ; 
eclipse. 

extinguislier (-er), n. one who, or 
that which, extinguishes ; a hollow 
cone for extinguishing a light. 

extirpate ('ter-pat), v.t. to eradi- 
cate ; destroy ; exterminate. 

extirpative (-tiv), adj. capable of, 
or tending to, extirpate. Also ex- 
tirpatory. 

extirpator (-ter), n. one who, or 
that which, extirpates. 

extol (tol'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ex- 



tolled, p.pr. extolling], to praise 
highly ; magnify ; laud ; celebrate. 

extorsive (-tor'siv), adj. tending to 
extort. 

extort (-tort'), v.t. to obtain by 
threats, violence, or injustice : v.i. 
to practice extortion. 

extortion (-tor'shun), n. the act or 
practice of extorting; oppressive or 
unjust exaction. 

extortionate ('shun-at), adj. char- 
acterized by extortion ; unjust. 

extortionately (-li), adv. in an ex- 
tortionate manner. 

extortioner ('shun-er), n. one who 
practices extortion. Also extortion- 
ist. 

extra, a prefix meaning over and 
aiove; ieyond; hesides, found in 
numerous words, the sense of which 
is self-evident, as ea?^ra-official, ex- 
;fra-parochial, eo^^ra-judicial, extra- 
mural, &c. 

extra (/tra), adj. additional: n. 
something not included in the usual 
fee or charge ; an edition of a news- 
paper issued in addition to the reg- 
ular edition, or for some particular 
object. 

extract (-trakt'), v.t. to draw out 
of ; pull out ; select from a larger 
literary work: n. (eks'trakt) a sub- 
stance extracted by distillation, so- 
lution, &c. ; an abstract or excerpt 
from a book ; quotation. 

extractible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
being extracted. Also extractable. 

extraction (-trak'shun), n. the act of 
extracting; lineage, birth, or de- 
scent. 

extractor ('ter), n. one who, or that 
which, extracts. 

extradite ('tra-dit) , v.t. to surrender 
(a person) to another government 
under, the terms of a treaty of ex- 
tradition. 

extraditable (-di'ta-bl), adj. liable 
or subject to, extradition. 

extradition (-dish'un), n. the sur- 
render by the government of one 
nation to another of a person guilty 
of a crime, in accordance with the 
terms of a treaty existing between 
the two nations. 

extrados ('dos), n. the exterior 
curve of an arch. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ext 



320 



eyx 



extrane (eks-tran'), adj. foreign; 
not in accord with the hypnotized 
subject : n. one who is extreme. 

extraneity (eks-tra-ne'i-ti), n. ex- 
ternality. . , 

extraneous ('ne-us), adj. external; 
foreign. 

extraordinary (-tror'di-na-ri, or 

-tra-6r'di-na-ri), adj. beyond or out 

of the usual course ; uncommon ; 

unusual ; remarkable ; rare ; emi- 

, nent ; special. 

extravagance (-trav'ti-gans), n. ex- 
cess in anything, especially expendi- 
ture ; profusion. 

extravagant ('a-gant), adj. exceed- 
ing reasonable limits ; wasteful ; 
prodigal ; irregular ; needlessly lav- 
ish in expenditure ; visionary. 

extravaganza (-gan'za), n. a stage 
burlesque ; an irregular piece of 
music ; a wild flight of language or 
feeling. 

extravasate ('a-sat), v.t. to force 
out of a duct or vessel, as blood : 
vA. to escape out of the proper ves- 
sel. 

extreme (-trem'>, adj. of the highest 
degree ; last ; utmost ; furthest ; final ; 
most severe or strict ; uncompro- 
mising : n. the utmost degree of any- 
thing ; extremity ; excess ; end : pi. 
points at the greatest distance from 
each other. 

extremely ('li), adv. exceedingly. 

extremist ('ist), n. a supporter of 
extreme views or practice. 

extremity (-trem'i-ti), n. [pi. ex- 
tremities (-tiz)], the utmost point 
• or degree ; remotest part ; utmost 
violence, vigor, or necessity ; end : 
pi. the limbs. 

extricate ('tri-kat), v.t. to free 

I from difficulties, complications, or 

perplexity ; disembarrass, 
€5:trieable ('tri-ka-bl), adj. capable 

of being extricated. 
extrinsic (-trin'sik), adj. external; 

not inherent or essential ; foreign. 
extrinsically (-al-li), adv. outward- 
ly. 
extroversion (-tro-ver'shun), n. 
the turning of an inner part out- 
ward. 
extrude (-trud'), v.t. to thrust out. 



exulierance (-u'ber-ans), n. super- 
abundance. 

exuberant (-ant), adj. copious. 

exude (-ud'), v.t. to discharge grad- 
ually through pores : v.i. to flow 
out slowly. 

exult (egz-ulf), v.i. to rejoice in tri- 
umph ; be glad above measure. 

exultant ('ant), adj. rejoicing tri- 
umphantly. 

exuviae (eks-u'vi-e), n.pl. the cast off 
skinSj shells, &c., of animals ; fossil 
remains of animals. 

eye (i), n. the organ of sight; the 
eyeball ; sight ; observation ; view ; a 
small perforation; bud; that which 
resembles an eye : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
eyed; p.pr. eyeing], to ;watch close- 
ly ; keep in view ; scrutinize. 

eyeball ('bawl), n. the globe of the 
eye. 

eyebright ('brit), n. the plant eu- 
phrasy, of the figwort family. 

eyebrow ('brou), n. the hairy arch 
above the eyes. 

eyelash ('lash), n. the ridge of hair 
that lines the eyelid. 

eyelet ('let), n. a small hole to re- 
ceive a lace or cord. 

eyelid ('lid), n. the movable skin 
which covers over and closes the 
eye. 

eye-opener (-op'en-er), n. anything 
that opens the eyes ; something in- 
credible, as news ; an early dram 
of spirits. 

eye-piece ('pes), n. the lens or 
lenses in an optical instrument 
through which the image of an ob- 
ject is magnified and viewed. 

eyesight ('sit), n. the sight of the 
eye ; range of vision ; view. 

eyesore ('sor), n. anything that of- 
fends the sight. 

eye-spot ('spot), n. a rudimentary 

visual organ ; an eye-like marking. 
eye-tooth ('tooth), n. [pi. eye- 
teeth Cteth)], one of the upper 
canine teeth in the human jaw. 
eyot (I'ot), n. a little island in .a 

river or lake. Also ait. 
eyra ('ra), n. the wild cat of Texas. 
eyre (ar), n. a circuit of itinerant 

judges. 
eyrie (e' or a'ri), n. the nest of a 
predatory bird. Also eyry. 



ate. arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




fa (fa), w. the fourth note in the sol- 
fa musical notation = F. 

fable (fa'bl),w. a short fictitious nar- 
rative intended to convey some 
moral ; an idle story or falsehood : 
v.t. to feign ; fabricate : v.i. to speak 
falsely or untruthfully. 

fabric (fab'rik), n. an edifice or 
building ; a woven, felted, or knitted 
material. 

fabricate ('ri-kat), v.t. to con- 
struct ; form by manufacture or 
art ; invent falsely. 

fabricator (-ka-ter), n. one who 
fabricates. 

fabulist ('ii-list), n. a writer of fa- 
bles ; a liar. 

fabulize ('ti-liz), v.i. to compose, 
write, or relate fables. 

fabulous ('ti-lus), adj. fictitious; 
mythical. 

facade (f^-sad'), n. front elevation. 

face (fas), n. the countenance; dial 
of a clock, &c. ; front ; visage ; sur- 
face ; appearance ; outward aspect ; 
confidence ; personal influence ; an 
expressive grimace ; value, exclud- 
ing discount or interest : said of a ! 
note, &c. (face-value): v.t. [p.t. &j 
p.p. faced, p.pr. facing], to meet, 
in front ; oppose with boldness or 
confidence ; stand opposite to ; cover 
with an additional surface : v.i. to 
turn the face. 

faced (fast), p.adj. having a face; 
dressed, as stone or tea ; furnished 
with a covering of harder metal. 

facer (fas'er), n. a blow in the face; 
a quick retort ; an unexpected 
check. 

facet (fas'et), n. a small surface or 



face; one of the minute planes into 
which the surface of a diamond is 
cut : v.t. to cut or work a facet 
upon. 

facetise (fa-se'shi-e), n.pl. witty 
sayings ; books characterized by 
coarse wit. 

facetious ('shus), adj. humorous; 
jocular. 

facial ('shal), adj. pertaining to the 
face. 

facial angle (ang'gl), n. the angle 
formed by the two lines drawn re- 
spectively from the nostrils to the 
ear, and from the nose to the fore- 
head : used in craniometrical calcu- 
lations. 

facially (-li), adv. as regards the 
face. 

facies ('shi-ez), n. the face; the gen- 
eral resemblance or aspect of any 
group of organisms or rocks. 

facile (fas'il), adj. yielding; pliant; 
affable. 

facile princeps (prin'seps), easily 
first. 

facilitate (fa-sil'i-tat), v.t. to make 
easy or less difficult ; lessen the 
labor of. 

facility ('i-ti), n. [pi. facilities 
(-tiz)], freedom from difficulty; 
dexterity ; ease ; pliancy ; ready com- 
pliance : pi. the means by which the 
performance of any act may be 
more easily accomplished. 

facing (fa'sing), n. a covering in 
front for ornamental or other pur- 
poses ; a method of coloring tea, 
&c. : pi. military movements in drill 
in turning to the right, left, &c. ; 
the collars, cuffs, &c., of different 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, ^Tien. 



823 



tac 



322 



fal 



color to the coat on a military uni- 
form. 

fac-simile (fak-sim'i-le), n. an ex- 
act reproduction, counterpart, or 
likeness of an original. 

fact (fakt), n. anything that is done; 
reality ; event ; truth. 

faction (fak'shun), n. a party in dis- 
loyal opposition ; dissension. 

factious ('shus), adj. given to, or 
characterized by, faction ; turbulent. 

factitious (-tish'us), adj. artificial; 
sham. 

factitive ('ti-tiv), adj. causative. 

factor ('ter), n. an agent who trans- 
acts business for another ; one of 
two or more quantities (multiplier 
and multiplicand) which, multiplied 
together, give a product ; any cir- 
cumstance, &c., which produces a 
result : v.t. to manage or act as a 
factor for ; resolve into mathemat- 
ical factors. 

factorage (-aj), n. a factor's com- 
mission. 

factory ('to-ri), n. [pi. factories 
(-riz)], a manufactory; a trading 
settlement. 

factotum (-to'tum), n. a man of all 
work. 

faculse ('u-le), n.pl. luminous spots 
on the sun's surface. 

facultative ('ul-ta-tiv), adj, ena- 
bling ; permissive. 

faculty ('ul-ti), n. [pi. faculties 
(-tiz)], any mental or physical 
power ; mental capacity ; skill ob- 
tained by practice ; ability ; ease ; 
readiness ; the members collectively 
of any one of the learned profes- 
sions, especially the medical ; the 
masters and professors of a depart- 
ment in a university. 

fad (fad), n. a crotchet; a pet idea 
or hobby : a passing fashion. 

faddist ('ist), n. one given to fads. 

faddy (^i), adj. given to fads. 

fade (fad), vA. to lose color or dis- 
tinctness ; languish ; wither ; droop ; 
die away. 

fading ('mg), n. decay; loss of color. 

faecal (fe'kal), adj. pertaining to ex- 
crement or sediment. 

faeces ('sez), n.pl. excrement; sedi- 
ment. 

f aecula, same as fecula. 



fag (fag), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. fagged, 
p.pr. fagging], to work hard; grow 
weary ; drudge for another : v.t. to 
tire out or exhaust ; to compel to 
drudge for another : n. one who 
drudges for another ; a school-boy 
who performs menial duties for an- 
other in a higher class ; fatigue or 
weariness ; drudgery. 

fag-end ('end), n. the latter or 
meaner part of anything ; the frayed 
end of a piece of cloth, rope, &c. 

fagot ('ot), 71. a bundle of sticks 
bound together ; a bundle of fish laid 
up for drying ; a bundle of scrap- 
or wrought-iron or steel to be 
worked over ; a kind of meat-cake of 
pork : v.t. to form into fagots. 

fagoting (-ing), n. a method of 
ornamenting textile fabrics. 

Fahrenheit (fa'ren-hit) , n. the name 
of a thermometer-scale, having 32° 
as its freezing point, and 212° as 
the boiling point ol! water. 

faience (fa-ytings'), n. a variety of 
decorated majolica ware. 

fail (fal), v.i. to fall short; be defi- 
cient; waste away; decline; turn 
out badly ; become bankrupt : v.t. to 
be wanting, or insuflBcient for: for- 
sake : n. failure ; omission. 

failing ('ing), n. a fault; weakness; 
imperfection; the act of becoming 
bankrupt. 

faille (fal, or fa'ye), n. a soft un- 
twilled silk used for dresses or bon- 
net trimmings, &c. 

failure (fal'ur), n. the act of fail- 
ing ; omission ; neglect or non-per- 
formance ; want of success ; lapse ; 
the act of becoming bankrupt. 

fain (fan), adv. willingly; gladly. 

faint (fant), v.i. to become feeble; 
lose consciousness ; swoon ; lose 
courage and hope : adj. feeble ; lan- 
guid ; depressed ; spiritless ; not 
bright or vivid in color ; not loud or 
clear : n. a sudden loss of conscious- 
ness : pi. the impure spirit which 
distils over first and last in making 
whisky. 

fainting ('ing), n. a sudden and tem- 
porary loss of consciousness ; syn- 
cope. 

fair (far), adj. beautiful; handsome; 
pleasing to the eye or mind ; free 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, i/ien. 



fai 



323 



fal 



from any dark hue ; spotless ; not 
cloudy ; fine ; favorable ; prosper- 
ous ; just ; equitable ; civil ; legible ; 
above mediocrity ; of good reputa- 
tion ; reasonable ; passably good ; 
blowing direct ; the female sex (with 
the) ; a market held at particular 
times : adv. distinctly ; openly ; hon- 
estly ; on good terms ; legibly. 

fairly ('li), adv. honorably; openly. 

fairness ('nes), n. the quality of 
being fair ; beauty ; equity ; clear- 
ness ; candor. 

fairy (far'i), n. [pi. fairies (-iz)], 
an imaginary being of graceful and 
diminutive human form, supposed 
to interfere in human affairs for 
good or evil ; an elf ; fay ; sprite ; 
brownie : adj. pertaining to, or re- 
sembling, fairies. 

fairy-land (-land), n. the supposed 
abode of fairies ; an enchanting and 
pleasant abode. 

fairy ring (ring), n. a small circle 
of grass greener than the turf sur- 
rounding it, caused by an under- 
ground fungus. 

fait accompli (fat a-kang-ple')", 
something already done. 

faith (fath), n. belief; trust in the 
honesty and truth of another ; the 
assent of the mind to Divine revela- 
tion ; unshaken adherence ; fidelity ; 
honesty; a system of doctrines or 
tenets. 

faithful ('fool), adj. full of faith; 
trustworthy ; truthful ; honest ; loy- 
al : n. Christians in full communion 
(with the). 

faithfully (-li), adv. in a faithful 
manner. 

fake (fak), v.t. to fold or coil; to 
cover up imperfections of, or fabri- 
cate with the view to deception ; 
steal : n. a coil or turn of a rope ; a 
cheat or dodge ; canard ; hoax ; a 
swindler or trickster. 

fakement ('ment), n. fraud; decep- 
tion. 

faker ('er), n. one who fakes; a 
swindler ; pickpocket. 

fakir (fa'ker), n. a Mohammedan as- 
cetic or mendicant priest. 

falcate (fal'kat), adj. sickle-shaped. 
Also falciform. 



falchion (fawl'shun), n. a short, 
slightly curved sword, with a broad 
blade. 

falcon ('kn or faw'kn), n. a preda- 
tory bird with a hooked beak, 
trained for hunting. 

falconer (faw'kn-er), n. one who 
trains or sports with falcons, 

faflconry (faw'kn-ri), n. the art of 
training hawks to pursue other 
birds. 

faldstool (fawld'stool), n. a litany- 
stool, or -desk ; the bishop's chair 
near the altar. 

fall (fawl), v.i. [p.t. fell, p.p. fallen, 
p.pr. falling], to drop from a higher 
to a lower place : drop from an erect 
posture ; descend ; sink ; flow into ; 
perish ; be degraded or disgraced ; 
happen ; apostatize or fall into sin ; 
begin with ardor ; become the prop- 
erty of : adj. pertaining to the au- 
tumn : n. the act of falling ; distance 
through which anything falls ; over- 
throw ; ruin ; death ; cadence ; water- 
fall ; cataract ; decrease in value ; a 
veil ; autumn. 

fallacious (fal-Ia'shus), adj. decep- 
tive. 

fallacy ('a-si), n. [pi. fallacies 
(-siz)], a deceptive or false appear- 
ance ; mistake ; an unsound method 
of reasoning ; sophism. 

fallen (fawl'n), p. adj. sunk to a low- 
er state or condition ; degraded ; 
ruined ; outcast ; overthrown ; dead. 

fallibility (fal-i-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
of being fallible ; liability to err. 

fallible ('i-bl), adj. liable to be de- 
ceived, mislead, err, or fail. 

falling (fawl'ing), p.adj. moving or 
hanging downwards ; sinking ; de- 
clining ; decreasing in value or quan- 
tity : n. the act or process of falling ; 
descent ; downward displacement. 

fallopian (fal-o'pi-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to the ducts which convey the 
ova to the uterus. 

fallow ('6), v.t. to make or keep fal- 
low : adj. plowed but not sown for 
the season ; untilled ; neglected ; of 
a pale yellow or reddish-yellow col- 
or : n. land plowed but left un- 
seeded. 

fallow-deer (-der), n. a species of 



nte, arm, ^sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



fal 



324 



fan 



deer of yellowish-brown color, with 
branched and recurved horns. 

false (fawls), adj. untrue; dishon- 
est ; disloyal ; perfidious ; counter- 
feit ; not well founded ; unreliable ; 
made for temporary use ; not in har- 
mony : adv. falsely. 

falsehood ('hood), n. an untruth; 
lie. 

false-keel (-kel), n. the timber below 
the main keel. 

falsetto (fawl-set'o), n. an artificial 
tone higher in key than the natural 
compass of the voice. 

falsify ('si-fl), v.t. [p.t, & p.p. falsi- 
fied, p.pr. falsifying], to make, or 
prove to be, false ; counterfeit ; 
forge : v.i. to lie. 

falsity ('si-ti), n. [pi. falsities 
(-tiz)], the quality of being false; 
an untruth ; false statement. 

FalstaJiian (fawl'staf-i-an), adj. re- 
sembling Palstaff : hence boasting ; 
coarsely jovial, etc. 

falter ('ter), v.t. to utter in a weak 
trembling manner (with out) : v.i. 
to exhibit moral or physical hesi- 
tancy ; waver ; tremble ; fail in ut- 
terance. 

fame (fam), n. public report ; rumor ; 
celebrity ; renown. 

famed ('d), adj. renowned; cele- 
brated. 

familiar (fa-mil'yer), adj. well ac- 
quainted, or intimate, with ; domes- 
tic ; affable ; easy ; unconstrained ; 
unceremonious ; habituated by cus- 
tom : 11. a spirit or demon supposed 
to attend at the call of a necroman- 
cer : a domestic of the papal house- 
hold. 

familiarity (-i-ar'i-ti), n. [pi. famil- 
iarities (-tiz)], intimacy; ease of 
conversation ; freedom from cere- 
mony or conventionality ; a liberty 
or freedom. 

familiarize ('yer-iz), v.t. to make 
familiar ; habituate. 

family (fam'i-li), n. [pi. families 
(-liz) ], a household ; children as dis- 
tinguished from the parent ; a body 
of persons descended from a common 
ancestor ; tribe ; race ; genealogy ; 
noble lineage ; class ; a group of ani- 
mals larger than a genus, but less 
than an order; an order [Bot.]. 



famine (fam'in), n. extreme dearth; 
great scarcity. 

famish, ('ish), v.t. & v.i. to starve. 

famous (fa'mus), adj. renowned; 
conspicuous ; noted. 

famously (-li), adv. in a famous 
manner ; admirably. 

famulus ('u-lus), n. the familiar 
spirit of a magician ; an assistant. 

fan (fan), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. fanned, 
p.pr. fanning], to cool with a fan; 
agitate the air, as with a fan ; ven- 
tilate ; winnow : n. a fiat implement 
used to cool the face by agitating the 
air ; an instrument for exciting a 
current of air ; anything resembling 
a fan in shape ; a winnowing imple- 
ment. 

fanatic (fa-nat'ik), n. one who is in- 
temperately zealous, or wildly ex- 
travagant, especially on religious 
subjects : adj. characterized by fa-. 
naticism : visionary. Also fanatical. 

fanatically (-al-li), adv. in a fanatic 
manner. 

fanaticism ('i-sizm), n. extravagant 
or frenzied zeal ; wild enthusiasm. 

fancied (fan'sid), adj. imaginary. 

fancier ('si-er), n. one who breeds or 
sells animals and birds ; an amateur. 

fanciful ('si-fool), adj. influenced by 
the fancy ; unreal ; whimsical ; wild. 

fancifully (-li), adv. in a fanciful 
manner. 

fancy ('si), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. fancied, 
p.pr. fancying], to imagine; take a 
liking to ; be pleased with : v.i. to 
imagine ; suppose : adj. ornamental ; 
elegant ; imaginary ; characterized by 
- variety : n. creative imagination ; 
idea ; notion ; liking ; caprice ; pet 
pursuit ; sporting characters, as 
pugilists, &c. (with the). 

fandango (-dang'go), n. a lively 
Spanish dance ; a lively ball. 

fane (fan), n. a temple; church. 

fanfare (fan'far), n. a flourish of 
trumpets ; noisy ostentatious parade. 

fanfaronade (-o-nad'), n. blustering 
talk or swagger : v.i. to make a noisy 
parade. 

fang (fang), n. the lower part of a 
tooth set in the socket ; the poison- 
tooth of a serpent ; a tusk, claw, 
talon, or pointed tooth. 

f anion (fan'yun), n. a small banner. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



fan 



325 



fas 



f antail ( 'tal ) , w. a variety of pigeon. 

fantan ('tan), n. a Chinese gambling 
game. 

fantasia (-ta' or ta'zhi-a), n. a mu- 
sical composition not restricted by 
the usual laws of form or time. 

fantastic (-tas'tik), adj. odd; whim- 
sical ; grotesque ; unreal ; imaginary. 
Also fantastical, 

fantastically (-al-li), adv. in a fan- 
tastic manner. 

fantasy, see phantasy. 

far (far), adj. [comp. farther, fur- 
ther, superl. farthest, furthest], re- 
mote ; distant ; extending widely or 
at length ; contrary to design or pur- 
pose ; alienated : adv. remotely ; very 
much ; to a certain point or degree ; 
to a great distance ; widely. 

farad (far 'ad), n. a unit of electric 
capacity. 

farce (fars), n. a short comedy in 
which qualities and actions are muoh 
exaggerated ; ridiculous or empty 
parade. 

farcical (far'si-kal), adj. pertaining 
to, or of the nature of, a farce ; 
ludicrous. 

farcically (-li), adv. in a farcical 
manner. 

farcy ('si), n. a disease of horses, 
closely allied to glanders. 

fardage ('daj), n. loose wood, &c., 
stowed among the cargo to prevent 
it from moving, or to protect it from 
bilge water. 

fare (far), v.i. to be in any state, 
either good or ill ; be entertained 
with food ; live ; succeed ; result : n. 
the sum paid for a journey by rail, 
&c. ; a person conveyed for hire in a 
vehicle ; provisions of a table ; enter- 
tainment ; the quantity of fish taken 
by a smack. 

farewell ( 'wel ) , inter j. may you fare 
well or prosper ; good-bye : adj. not- 
ing, or accompanying, a parting : n. 
an adieu. 

far-fetched ('fecht), adj. unnatu- 
ral ; forced. 

farina (fa-re' or fa-ri'na), n. starch; 
flour or meal obtained by grinding 
the seeds of cereals and leguminous 
plants. ' 

farinaceous (na'shus), adj. consist- 



ing of, or made from, farina ; like 
meal. 

farinose (far'i-nos), adj. producing, 
or covered with, farina ; mealy. 

farm (farm), n. a portion of land, 
cultivated by one person, with the 
buildings, «S:c., appurtenant to it : v.t, 
to cultivate (land) at a fixed rental ; 
lease or let : v.i. to cary on the op- 
eration of farming. 

farmer ('er), n. one who cultivates a 
farm ; an agriculturist ; one who col- 
lects revenues, taxes, &c., for a cer- 
tain commission or rate. 

farming ('ing), adj. pertaining to, or 
engaged in, agriculture : n. the leas- 
ing out, or collection of taxes, rev- 
enues, &c., for a certain commission 
or rate per cent. 

faro (fa' or fa'ro), n. a game of 
chance, played with cards : so called 
from the picture of Pharaoh, which 
formerly was printed on one of the 
cards. 

farness (far'nes), n. distance; re- 
moteness. 

farrago (far-ra'go), n. a medley; 
hotch-potch. 

farrier ('i-er), n. one who shoes 
horses ; a veterinary surgeon. 

farriery (-i), n. the occupation of 
shoeing horses ; veterinary surgery. 

farrow ('o), v.t. to give birth to: 
said of pigs : n. a litter of pigs : adj. 
noting a cow not calving in a given 
season. 

fartiier (far'f/ier), adj., comp. of 
far; more distant or remote; addi- 
tional : adv. more remotely : conj. 
moreover. 

farthing {' thing), n. l-4th of an 
English penny. 

farthingale (-gal), n. a kind of 
hoop-skirt formed of circles of whale- 
bone, worn by women of the 16th 
and 17th centuries. Also farthing- 
dale. 

fasces (fas'ez), n.pl. a bundle of rods 
containing an axe, carried by the 
lictors before the magistrates of an- 
cient Rome as a symbol of authority. 

fascia (fash'i-a), n. [pZ. fasciae (-e)], 
a filet or belt ; a broad volute ; a 
jutting brick course beyond the win- 
dows ; a ligature ; the board over the 
top of the window of a shop, on 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; bo5n, 
book : hue, hut ; think, then. 



fas 



326 



fat 



which the owner's name, &c., are in- 
scribed. 

fasciculate (fas-ik'ti-lat), adj. formed 
of, or growing in, bundles. Also fas- 
ciculated. 

fascicle ('i-kl), n. a small collection, 
group, or bundle ; a serial division 
of a book. 

fascinate ('i-nat), v.t. to influence 
the mind or will of as if by enchant- 
ment ; bewitch ; captivate : v.i. to 
exercise a bewitching or captivating 
power. 

fascination (-na'shun), n. the act of 
fascinating ; the state of being fas- 
cinated ; any invisible influence that 
overpowers the mind or will ; be- 
witchment ; charm. 

fascine (-en'), n. a cylindrical bundle 
of sticks or fagots bound together, 
used for fortifying ditches, building 
earthworks, &c. 

fashion ('un), n. the shape or form 
of anything ; conventional custom or 
usage, especially in dress ; compli- 
ance with the rules of good society ; 
method ; general practice : v.t. to 
mold, shape, or form ; accommodate. 

fashionable (-a-bl), adj. according 
to the prevailing mode ; made in ac- 
cordance with the fashion of the 
day; observant of the rules of polite 
society and its usages ; well-bred. 

fast (fast), v.i. to abstain from food, 
either from necessity, or as a reli- 
gious obligation : n. abstinence from 
food ; religious mortification by ab- 
stinence. 

fast (fast), adj. quick; speedy in mo- 
tion ; expeditious ; in advance of the 
standard : said of a timepiece ; firm ; 
immovable ; close ; faithful ; dissi- 
pated ; gay :_ adv. rapidly ; firmly. 

fast-day (-da), n. a day set apart by 
civil or ecclesiastical authority for 
religious fasting, 

fasten (fas'n), v.t. to fix securely; 
make fast ; bolt or bar : v.i. to seize 
or take hold : generally with on. 

fastening (-ing), n. the act of mak- 
ing fast ; a bolt or clasp. 

fastidious (-tid'i-us), adj. squeam- 
ish : overnice. 

fasting (fast'ing), n. abstinence from 
food, especially as a religious ob- 
servance. 



fastland ('land), n. upland. 

fastness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being fast; a fortress or nat- 
ural stronghold. 

fat (fat), adj. [comp. fatter, superl. 
fattest], corpulent; fleshy; adipose; 
greasy ; unsually extended : said of 
type ; broad ; sluggish ; stupid ; dull ; 
lucrative ; fertile ; afiluent : n. a 
solid, oily, yellow or white substance 
forming part of the tissue of ani- 
mals ; the best or richest of any- 
thing : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. fatted, p.pr. 
fatting], to fatten; cause to gain 
flesh : v.i. to become fat. 

fatal (fa'tal), adj. causing death or 
destruction ; mortal ; fateful. 

fatalism (-izm), n. the doctrine that 
all things happen by irresistible ne- 
cessity overruling all things. 

fatalist (-ist), n. a believer in the 
doctrine of fatalism. 

fatalistic (-is'tik), adj. pertaining 
to fatalism. 

fatality ('i-ti), n. [pi. fatalities 
(-tiz) ], predetermined order or series 
of events ; destiny ; a calamity ; fa- 
tal occurrence. 

fatally ('tal-i), adv. in a fatal man- 
ner. 

fata morgana (fa'ta mor-ga'na), n. 
a name for the mirage sometimes 
seen near the straits of Messina. 

fate (fat), n. destiny; inevitable ne- 
nessity ; death or destruction ; pre- 
destined lot : pi. the three classic 
goddesses, Clotho, Lachesis, and 
Atropos, who presided over the des- 
tinies of mankind. 

fated (fa'ted) , p. adj. decreed by fate ; 
destined. 

fateful (fat'fool), adj. possessing 
fatal power ; determining destiny ; 
fatal. 

father (fa'^/ier), n. a male parent or 
ancestor ; one who stands in the re- 
lation of a father ; an originator or 
founder ; the official title of a con- 
fessor of the Roman Catholic Church, 
the superior of a convent, and of an 
ancient Roman senator ; the senior 
member of any class, profession, or 
body ; an ecclesiastical writer of the 
Early Christian Church : v.t. to 
adopt as a son or daughter : to 



ate, arm, ask. 



t, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



fat 



327 



fea 



ascribe to anyone as his offspring or 
production : with on. 

Father, n. the Creator, God. 

fatherhood (-hood), n. paternity. 

fatherland (-land), n. one's native 
country. 

fatherly (-li), adj. pertaining to a 
father ; kind, affectionate, as a fa- 
ther : adv. like a father. 

fathom (faf/i'um), n. a measure of 
length = 6 ft. : v.t. to reach ; ascer- 
tain the depth of. 

fatigue (fa-teg'), n. weariness; toil; 
bodily or mental exhaustion : v.t. to 
weary with bodily or mental exer- 
tion ; tire ; harass. 

fatigTxe-duty (du'ti), n. labor a sol- 
dier is employed in distinct from the 
practice of arms. 

fatling ('ling), n. a young animal 
fattened for slaughter. 

fatness ('nes), n. the quality or state 
of being fat ; corpulency ; fertility. 

fatten ('n), v.t. to make fat, plump, 
or stout ; feed for the table ; make 
fertile or abundant. 

fatty ('i), adj. consisting, or having 
the qualities of, fat ; greasy ; oily. 

fatuity (fa-tu'i-ti), n. weakness of 
intellect ; obstinate folly. 

fatuous ('u-us), adj. weak in intel- 
lect ; silly ; obstinately foolish ; illu- 
sory. 

faubourg (fo'boorg), n. a suburb. 

fauces (faw'sez), n.pL the upper part 
of the throat and entrance to the 
gullet. 

faucet ('set), n. a short pipe with a 
valve, used for drawing out liquor. 

faugh (faw,) inter j. an exclamation 
expressive of disgust or abhorrence. 

fault (fawlt), n. a slight crime or 
offense ; blemish ; defect ; omission ; 
the loss of scent in hunting : said of 
a hound ; fracture of strata ; an ac- 
cidental leak in an electric circuit ; 
an improper service in lawn-tennis. 

faultfinder ('find-er), n. one given 
to finding fault ; a mechanical de- 
vice for discovering faults in an 
electric circuit. 

faulty ( 'i ) , adj. imperfect ; erroneous. 

faun (fawn), n. a classic woodland 
deity, resembling the satyrs in ap- 
pearance. 

fauna (faw'na), n. [pi. faunae Cne), 



faunas ('naz)], the animals charac- 
teristic of any particular region, or 
geological period. 

fauteuil (fo-tal' or -tul'), n. an up- 
holstered arm chair ; membership in 
the French Academy ; the seat of a 
president, &c. 

faux pas (fo pa'), n. an error or slip, 
especially in respect of good man- 
ners or morality. 

Favonian (fa-vo'ni-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to Favonius, the west wind : 
hence auspicious. 

favor (fa'ver), n. kindness; support; 
patronage ; good will ; facility ; par- 
tiality ; bias ; a love token ; a bunch 
of ribbons worn on some special oc- 
casion ; a letter : v.t. to regard with 
favor ; befriend ; facilitate ; resemble 
in features ; spare. 

favorable (-a-bl), adj. propitious; 
advantageous ; friendly ; partial. 

favored ('verd), adj. featured. 

favorite (-it), n. one who, or that 
which, is particularly esteemed ; one 
regarded with undue preference ; a 
person or animal considered to have 
the best chance of winning in a con- 
test : adj. preferred ; esteemed. 

favoritism (-izm), n. the disposition 
or tendency to favor one person or 
class in preference to others possess- 
ing equal claims ; partiality. 

fawn ( fawn ) , w. a young deer : v.i. & 
v.t. to court servilely (with on or 
upon) ; to exhibit affection by leap- 
ing upon, cringing, or licking the 
hand of a person : said of a dog. 

fawning ('ing), n. gross, or servile, 
flattery. 

fay (fa), n. an elf; fairy: v.t. to fit 
(two pieces of wood) flush together : 
v.i. to fit closely : adj. fated ; dead 
[Scotch]. 

faze (faz), v.t. to worry; annoy; 
frighten ; disturb ; produce an effect 
on. 

fealty (fe'al-ti), n. the duty of a 
vassal or tenant to his feudal su- 
perior ; loyalty. 

fear (fer), n. apprehension of evil or 
danger ; dread ; anxiety ; solicitude ; 
reverence : v.t. to regard with appre- 
hension ; dread : v.i. to be in fear ; 
feel anxiety. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



£ea 



328 



fee 



fearful ('fool), adj. affected with 
fear ; timorous ; apprehensive ; in- 
spiring fear. 

fearfully (-li), adv, in fear; so as 
to cause fear. 

fearless ('les), adj. intrepid. 

fearlessness (-ues), n. intrepidity. 

fearsome (fer'sum), adj. fearful; 
terrible. 

feasibility (-bil'i-ti), n. practicabil- 
ity. 

feasible (fe'zi-bl), adj. practicable. 

feasibly_ ('zi-bli), adv. practicably. 

feast (fest), n. a sumptuous repast, 
especially in commemoration of some 
event, &c. ; a festival, especially of 
the Church ; anything affording 
pleasure to the palate or mind : v.t. 
to_ entertain sumptuously ; delight : 
v.i. to feed sumptuously ; enjoy one's 
self. 

feat (fet), n. a notable achievement, 
deed, or performance. 

featber (fe^/i'er), n. part of the ex- 
terior covering of a bird ; a plume ; 
something resembling a feather ; the 
water thrown up by the turn of the 
blade of an oar ; kind or class : v.t. 
to ornament with feathers ; cover 
with, or as with, feathers ; turn the 
blade of (an oar) horizontally when 
leaving the water : v.i. to become 
covered with, or something resem- 
bling, feathers. 

f eatber-braiued (-brand), adj. 
giddy. 

featber-edged (-ejd), adj. thin at 
the edges. 

featber-weigbt (-wat), n. in a 
handicap, the least weight than can 
be put on a racehorse. 

featbery (-i), adj. covered with, or 
resembling, feathers ; very light. 

feature (fe'tur), n. the cast of the 
face ; lineament ; principal part ; 
outline; characteristic; appearance. 

featured ('turd), adj. having a par- 
ticular cast of face. 

feaze (fez), v.t. to disturb; discon- 
cert ; frighten. 

febrifuge (feb'ri-fuj) , n. a medicine 
that lessens or dispels fever. 

febrile (feb' or fe'bril), adj. pertain- 
ing to, accompanied by. or indicat- 
ing fever. 

fecal, same as fsecal. 



feces, same as faeces. 

fecula (fek'u-la), n. farina; starch; 

chlorophyll. 

feculence ('lens), n. the quality of 
being feculent ; dregs. Also fecu- 
lency. 

feculent ('lent), adj. containing, or 
full of, dregs or sediment ; turbid ; 
muddy. 

fecund (fek' or fe-kund'), adj. fruit- 
ful ; prolific. 

fecundate (fek'un-dat), v.t. to make 
fruitful or prolific ; fertilize ; im- 
pregnate. 

fecundity ('di-ti), n. fruitful ness ; 
prolificness ; fertility of invention \ 
germination. 

fed, p.t. & p.p. of feed. 

federal (fed'er-al), adj. pertaining 
to, constituting, or founded upon, a 
league or treaty ; consisting in a 
union or compact between the states, 
especially of the United States or 
Switzerland ; confederated : n. a sup' 
porter of federalism. 

Federal, adj. supporting the cause of 
the Union in the American civil war 
1861-'65) : n. one who favored the 
Union cause in that war. 

federalism (-izm), n. the doctrine of 
federal union, and the support of 
the central government of the Uni- 
ted States. 

federalize (-Tz), v.t. to bring togeth- 
er in a political federacy : v.i. to 
unite under a federal form of gov- 
ernment. Also federate. 

federiate (-at), adj. united by com- 
pact. 

federation (-a'shun), n. a league; 
federal government. 

federative (-tiv), adj. forming a 
league or confederacy ; federal. 

fee (fe), n, a compensation or pay- 
ment for service rendered, especially 
professional service ; a gratuity ; an 
heritable or inherited estate ; land 
held from a superior ; feud : v.t. to 
pay or give a fee to. 

feeble (fe'bl), adj. weak; wanting in 
physical strength or mental vigor ; 
infirm : v.t. to weaken. 

feed (fed), v.t. to give food to; nour- 
ish ; graze or pasture ; supply with 
necessaries ; furnish with materials, 
as a machine : v.i. to eat ; subsist 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



fee 



329 



fel 



(with on or upon) : n. a certain 
quantity of food given to animals at 
one time ; fodder ; pasture ; a ban- 
quet. 

feeder ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, feeds ; one who fattens cat- 
tle ; that which nourishes or supplies 
the needs of, or increases the im- 
portance or value of ; a branch canal 
or railway ; an electric wire supply- 
ing a current to a main conductor. 

feeding ('ing), the act of eating; 
pasture. 

feed-pipe (-pip), n. a pipe which 
supplies water to the boiler of a 
steam-engine. 

feed-pump (-pump), n. sl force-pump 
which supplies water to the boiler of 
a steam-engine. 

feel (fel), v.t. to perceive by the 
touch ; be conscious of ; understand ; 
test ; be influenced or moved by ; ex- 
perience, as pleasure or pain ; exam- 
ine by touching or handling : v.i. 
seem to the touch ; have the passions 
moved : n. the sense of feeling ; 
touch ; sensation. 

feeler ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, feels ; that part of an inverte- 
brate animal which serves as an or- 
gan of touch, as the antennae of in- 
sects, &c. ; something put forth as a 
means of gaining information not 
directly obtainable. 

feeling ('ing), p.adj. easily affected; 
sympathetic ; of great sensibility ; 
perceptible by touch : n. sense of 
touch ; physical or mental sensation ; 
perception ; tenderness. 

fee-simple (-sim'pl), n. an estate in 
land or tenements held by a person 
in his own right, without restrictions. 

feet, pi. of foot. 

fee-tail (fe'tal), n. an estate en- 
tailed to a person and his heirs. 

feign (fan), v.t. to pretend; invent. 

feigned (fand), adj. pretended ; coun- 
terfeited. 

feint (fant), n. a pretense; mock at- 
tack. 

feldspar (feld'spar), n. a name for 
various crystalline minerals occur- 
ring in igneous rocks, composed 
principally of silicate of aluminia. 
Also felspar. 



felicitate (fe-lis'i-tat), v.t. to con- 
gratulate. 

felicitous ('i-tus), adj. characterized 
by, or causing, happiness ; appropri- 
ate. 

felicitously (-li), adv. happily; suit- 
ably. 

felicity ('i-ti), n. [pi. felicities 
(-tiz)], a condition of supreme hap- 
piness ; blissfulness ; pros])erity ; ap= 
' propriateness ; a neat or well-choseis 
expression. 

feline ('lin), adj. pertaining to, or 
resembling, a cat ;' stealthy ; treach- 
erous. 

fell (fel), v.t. to hew, cut, or knock 
down ; cause to fall ; turn down ( a 
seam) : adj. cruel; savage; barbar-= 
ous ; hideous ; powerful : 71. the skin 
of an animal ; a hem laid level with 
the material ; a rocky or barren hill ; 
small pieces of ore. 

fellah ('a), n. [pi. fellahs ('az), fel- 
laheen (-hen')], in Egypt and Syria^ 
a peasant or laboring man. 

felloe, same as felly. 

fellow ('o), n. SL companion or asso^ 
ciate ; one of the same kind ; com 
peer ; one of a pair ; an individual ; 
one held in slight esteem ; a membei 
of an incorporated society ; a gradu= 
ate member of a college who holds a 
fellowship ; the trustee of a college ', 
adj. associated or joined with (used 
in composition). 

fellowship (-ship), n. association; 
communion ; intimacy ; society ; joint 
interest or feeling ; a college endow- 
ment for the support of a fellow ; 
one of the rules of arithmetic. 

felly ('i), n. [pi. fellies ('iz)], one of 
the curved pieces of wood which 
form the rim of a wheel ; the rimo 
Also felloe. 

felo-de-se (fe'lo-de-se), n. a suicide, 

felon (fel'un), n. one guilty of fel= 
ony ; a whitlow: adj. malignant; 
traitorous. 

felonious _(fe-lo'ni-us), adj. done 
with the intention of committing 
crime ; malignant. 

felony (fel'o-ni), n. [pi. felonies 
(-niz)], a crime punishable by 
death or imprisonment in a state 
prison. 

felsite (slt),w. a variety of feldspar. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon.^ 
book ; hue, hut ; think, *^en. 



fel 



330 



fer 



felspar ('spar), n. same as feldspar. 

felt, p.t. of feel. 

felt (felt), n. an unwoven fabric 
composed of wool or wool and hair, 
compacted together by pressure or 
heat. 

felting; ('ing), n. the material of 
which felt is made-, or the process 
of manufacturing it. 

felucca (fe-luk'a), n. a small sailing- 
vessel propelled by lateen sails and 
oars, used in the Mediterranean. 

female (fe'mal), n. one of that sex 
which conceives and produces 
young; the plant or flower which 
bears the pistil and receives the 
pollen of the male flower : adj. per- 
taining to that sex which produces 
young ; feminine ; womanly ; having 
pistils but destitute of stamens ; 
noting, in mechanics, something, as 
a hollow, into which another part 
fits. 

feme coverte (fern or fam kuv'ert), 
n. a married woman. Also femme 
coverte. 

feme sole (sol), n. an unmarried 
woman. Also femme sole. 

feminine (fem'i-nin), a(?y. pertaining 
to, or characteristic of, women ; deli- 
cate ; tender ; sensitive ; wanting in 
manly characteristics ; effeminate : 
n. a woman. 

femininity (-i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being feminine ; woman- 
kind. 

femme de cliambre (fam' de shang'- 
br), n. a lady's-maid; chambermaid. 

femoral (fem'o-ral), adj. pertaining 
to the thigh. 

femur (fe'mer), n. the thigh-bone. 

fen (fen), n. low, flat, marsh land, 
covered with sedges, &c. ; a kind of 
mold or moss causing disease in 
hops. 

fence (fens), v.i. to practice fencing; 
deposit stolen property with a con- 
federate : v.t. guard or protect ; de- 
fend ; to inclose or surround with a 
fence ; fortify : n. the art of fencing ; 
defense ; guard ; a boundary con- 
sisting of posts, wire, &c. ; inclos- 
ure; skill in debate; a receiver of 
stolen goods. 

fencible (fen'si-bl), adj. capable of 



defense, or being defended : n. a sol- 
dier enlisted for home service. 

fencing ('ing), n. the art of skil- 
fully using a foil or sword for at- 
tack or defense ; materials used for 
constructing a fence ; a collection of 
fences ; guard ; skilful debate. 

fend (fend), v.t. to ward off; protect 
with a fender. 

fender ('er), n. a cushion of rope, or 
piece of wood hung over the side of 
a vessel to prevent injure by con- 
tact with a landing-stage, &c. ; a 
metal guard in front of a fireplace 
to prevent the hot coal falling upon 
the floor ; a device affixed to the 
front of a street car to prevent in- 
jury to pedestrians. 

fenks (fenks), n. whale-blubber ref- 
use : used as a manure. 

fennec ('ek), n. small African fox. 

fennel (fen'el), n. an aromatic bien- 
nial herb of the parsley family, with 
yellow flowers. 

fenny ( 'i ) , adj. full of fens ; marshy. 

fent (fent), n. a slit in a garment 
for convenience in putting it on; 
placket ; remnant. 

ferae naturae (-na-tu're), in law, 
wild animals as distinguished from 
those domesticated. 

feral ( f e'ral ) , adj. wild ; undomesti- 
cated. 

ferial ('ri-al), adj. pertaining to 
week days, especially those which are 
not festivals or fasts ; pertaining to 
holidays. 

ferment (fer'ment), n. a microscopic 
fungus which produces fermenta- 
tion ; internal commotion ; tumult : 
v.t. (fer-ment'), to produce fermen- 
tation in ; excite : v.i. to be in a 
state of fermentation ; effervesce ; be 
excited. 

fermentation (-men-ta'shun), n. the 
chemical decomposition which takes 
place in an organic substance ex- 
posed to the air, due to the action 
of microscopic organisms, or to un- 
organized ferments ; excitement. 

fermentative (-men'ta-tiv), adj. 
causing, or characteristic of, fermen- 
tation. 

fern (fern), n. a cryptogamous or 
flowerless plant with broad and 



ate, iirrn, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



fer 



331 



fes 



feathery fronds or leaves, on the 
under surface of which the repro- 
ductive seeds are situated. 

fernery ('er-i), n. pi. ferneries 
(-iz)], a place where ferns are cul- 
tivated. 

ferny ('i), adj. fern-like, or abound- 
ing in ferns. 

ferocious (fe-ro'shus), adj. savage; 
fierce ; rapacious ; of cruel nature. 

ferocity (-ros'i-ti), n. [pi, ferocities 
(-tiz)], savageness or cruelty of 
disposition ; inhuman cruelty. 

ferrate (fer'at), n. a salt of ferric 
acid. 

ferret (fer'et), n. a domesticated va- 
riety of polecat, employed to hunt 
rats and rabbits from their holes ; 
a kind of binding ; an iron rod used 
for making the rings at the mouths 
of bottles, or trying melted glass : 
v.t. to search minutely or discover 
by cunning methods (with out). 

f erreter ( 'er ) , n. one who ferrets. 

ferretto (-ret'to), n. a preparation 
of copper with sulphuric acid : used 
in coloring glass. 

ferriage ('i-aj), n. money paid for 
conveyance by ferry. 

ferric ('ik), adj. pertaining to, con- 
taining, or extracted from, iron. 

ferric acid (as'id), n. an acid com- 
posed of 3 atoms of oxygen and 1 
of iron. 

ferric oxide Coks'id), n. red oxide of 
iron ; haematite. 

ferro (fer'rd), a prefix, denoting the 
presence of iron in a substance. 

ferro-cyanic (-si-an'ik), adj. per- 
taining to an acid formed by the 
union of iron and cyanogen. 

ferr o-manganese ( -mang'ga-nez ) , 
n. an alloy of iron and manganese, 
used in the Bessemer process of 
manufacturing steel. 

ferrotype (-tip), n. a photograph 
taken upon a sensitized iron plate. 

ferrous (fer'us), adj. pertaining to, 
or obtained from, iron. 

ferrous oxide (oks'id), n. monoxide 
of iron. 

ferruginous (-ru'ji-nus), adj. con- 
taining, or impregnated with, iron ; 
rust-colored. 

ferrule ('ril), n. a metal ring placed 



at the end of a stick, &c., to 
strengthen it. 

ferry ('i), n. [pi. ferries ('iz)], a 
passage across a river, &c. ; a ferry- 
boat ; the place where a ferry-boat 
lands its passengers : v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. ferried, p.pr. ferrying], to con- 
vey across a river, &c., in a boat : 
v.i. go across water in a boat. 

fertile (fer'til), adj. producing abun- 
dantly ; fruitful ; reproductive ; rich 
in resources or invention. 

fertilization (-i-za'shun), n. the act 
or process of making fertile ; im- 
pregnation. 

fertilize ('til-iz), v.t. to make fer- 
tile ; render fruitful ; impregnate. 

fertilizer (-er), n. any material used 
as a manure for the land. 

fertility Ci-ti), n. the state or quali- 
ty of being fertile ; abundance ; fe- 
cundity ; richness of resources or in- 
vention. 

£«rule ('ul), n. a rod or flat stick 
used for chastisement : v.t. to chas- 
tise with a ferule. 

fervency (fer'ven-si), n. earnestness; 
ardor. 

fervent ('vent), adj. zealous; ear- 
nest ; vehement ; very hot. 

fervently ('li), adv. with fervor. 

fervid ('vid), adj. burning; ardent; 
fiery ; intense ; eager ; vehement. 

fervor ('ver), n. intensity of feeling; 
zeal ; warmth. 

festal Ctal), adj. pertaining to a 
feast ; joyous ; festive ; hilarious. 

festally (-li), adv. festively. 

fester ('ter), v.t. to cause to fester 
or rankle : v.i. to become ulcerated ; 
suppurate ; rankle ; become putrid ; 
rot : n. an ulcerous or purulent sore ; 
act of festering or rankling. 

festival ('ti-val), n. a joyful cele- 
bration in cor nemoration of some 
event, religious .'>r civil ; an enter- 
tainment on behalf of some charity 
at which fruit, &c., :s sold. 

festive ('tiv), adj. pe^'taining to a 
feast; gay; joyous; merry. 

festively (-li), adv. in a fe^rtive man- 
ner. 

festivity (-tiv'i-ti), n. [pi. festivi- 
ties (-tiz)], social gaiety at an en- 
tertainment or feast ; merrymaking ; 
joyfulness; a festival. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



fes 



332 



fexv 



festoon (-toon'), n. a wreath or gar- 
land suspended at the extremities 
and hanging in a curve ; an archi- 
tectural ornament of such form : v.t. 
to decorate with, or form into, fes- 
toons. 

fetal, same as foetal. 

fetch (fech), v.t. to go after and 
bring ; obtain as its price ; call for 
and accompany ; heave, as a sigh ; 
fascinate : v.i. to move and turn ; 
reach or get : n. an artifice or trick ; 
the deep long breath, as of a person 
dying ; a wraith ; the appearance at 
night of a light resembling a candle, 
supposed to portend death (fetch- 
light). 

fete (fat), n. a festival or holiday: 
v.t. to entertain, or honor, with fes- 
tivities. 

fete cliampetre (shang-pa'tr), n. a 
rural or open-air festival. 

fete day (da), n. a birthday celebra- 
tion, especially the day of the saint 
whose name one bears [French]. 

feticide, same as foeticide. 

fetid (fe'tid, or fet'id), adj. giving 
forth an offensive smell ; stinking. 

fetish (fe'tish, or fet'ish), n. any 
material object, as a stone, weapon, 
feather, &c., supposed by the ne- 
groes of Western Africa to be the 
abode of a spirit, and to give to its 
possessor power over such a deity : 
hence any object of unreasoning de- 
votion ; image or idol. Also fetich. 

fetishism (-izm), n. the worship of, 
or belief in, fetishes ; unreasoning 
or superstitious devotion. Also fet- 
ichism. 

fetish-man (-man), n. a medicine- 
man. 

fetlock ('lok), n. a tuft of hair be- 
hind a horse's pastern joint ; the 
pastern joint. 

fetlocked ('lokt), adj. having fet- 
locks ; secured or fastened by the 
fetlocks. 

fetter ('er), n. a chain or shackle 
for the feet (usually pi.) ; a re- 
straint ; hindrance : v.t. to place fet- 
ters upon ; chain ; bind ; hinder ; re- 
strain. 

fettle (fet'l), v.i. to repair; work 
with activity ; clean up : v.t. to put 



in order ; cover or line ; fasten : n. \\ 
good condition or repair ; fuss. 

fetus, same as foetus. 

feud (fud), n. an inveterate quarrel 
between clans or families ; blood- 
feud ; quarrel ; enmity ; hatred. 

feud (fud), n. a fief, or land held 
from a lord on condition of render- 
ing him feudal service. Also feod. 

feudal ( 'al ) , adj. pertaining to a feud 
or quarrel ; pertaining to, or found- 
ed upon, a feud or fief. 

feudalize ('al-Iz), v.t. to conform 
to feudalism. 

feudalist (-ist), n. one skilled in 
feudal law. Also feudist ; an up- 
holder of feudalism. 

feudality (-al'i-ti), n. the state of 
being feudal ; feudal principles or 
constitution. 

feudally (-li), adv. in accordance 
with the principles of feudalism. 

feudal system (sis'tem), n. the po- 
litico-social system formerly preva- 
lent in Europe during the Middle 
Ages of holding lands on condition 
of military service. Feudalism. 

feudatory (-da-to-ri), n. [pi. feuda- 
tories (-riz)], one holding land by 
feudal tenure ; a vassal : adj. per- 
taining to, or held by, feudal tenure. 
Also feudary. __ 

feu de joie (foo de zhwa'), w. an ex- 
pression of public rejoicing, as the 
firing of guns, or burning of bon- 
fires. 

feudist, sameas feudalist. 

f euilleton ( f oo-i-tang' ) , n. that sec- 
tion of a French newspaper which 
is devoted to light literature, criti- 
cal notices, fiction, &c. ; a newspaper 
serial. 

fever (fe'ver), n. a disease charac- 
terized by marked increase of heat 
of the skin, quickened pulse, great 
debility, thirst, &c. ; a condition of 
extreme nervous excitement : v.t. to 
put into a fever. 

f ever-few (-fu), n. a plant of the 
aster family, formerly esteemed as a 
febrifuge. 

feverish (-ish), adj. affected with, 
indicating, or resembling, fever. 

few (fu), adj. [comp. fewer, superl. 
fewest], not many; small in num- 
ber ; limited. 



ate, arm, S.sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



few 



333 



fid 



fewness ('nes), n. smallness of num- 
ber. 

fez (fez), n. a brimless, close fitting, 
felt hat, usually red, with a black 
tassel : worn by Turks, Egyptians, 
&c. 

fiacre (fe-a'kr), n. a hackney-coach 
r French]. 

fiance (fe-ang-sa'), n. one who is be- 
trothed or affianced. Fem. fiancee. 

fiasco (fe-as'ko), n. a complete or lu- 
dicrous failure, as of some enter- 
prise of which high hopes were en- 
tertained, as a musical performance, 
&c. ; a flask or bottle. 

fiat (fi'at), n. a peremptory order or 
decree ; an order of a court authoriz- 
ing certain proceedings, as in bank- 
ruptcy. 

fib (fib), n. a falsehood; white lie: 
^.i. [p.t. & p.p. fibbed, p.pr. fibbing], 
to tell fibs ; to deliver a quick suc- 
cession of blows. 

fibber ('er), n. one who tells fibs. 

fiber (fl'ber), n. a slender, thread- 
like substance, or filament ; raw ma- 
terial which can be separated into 
threads for making up textile fab- 
rics. 

fibriform ('bri-form), ad], fiber-like. 
I fibril Cbril), n. a small fiber. 

fibrillse ('e), n.pl. minute subdivi- 
sions of a root, as of the lichens. 

fibrillose (-os), adj. composed of, or 
covered with, fibrils. - 

fibrin (fi'brin), n. a white albumi- 
noid substance which forms the clot 
of blood ; the fibrous part of flesh ; 
gluten obtained from corn, &c. Also 
fibrin e. 

fibrinous (-us), adj. composed of, or 
of the nature of, fibrin. 

fibroid ('broid), adj. of the struc- 
ture of, or containing, fiber. 

fibroin ('bro-in), n. the principal 
constituent of raw silk, cobwebs, 
and horny sponge-tissue. 

fibrous ('brus), adj. composed of, or 
of the nature of, fibers. 

fibster (fib'ster), n. a liar in a small 
way. 

fibula ('u-la), n. ]_pl. fibulae (-le)], 
the outer and smaller of the two 
bones which form the lower leg; an 
ancient ornamental brooch or safe- 
ty-pin. 



ficbu (fe-shoo'), n. a light three-cor- 
nered article of ladies' dress worn 
on the neck, or over the neck and 
shoulders. 

fickle (fik'l), adj. capricious; incon- 
stant. 

fictile (fik'til), adj. pertaining to pot 
tery ; readily molded ; plastic. 

fiction ('shun), n. the act of feign- 
ing or inventing ; that which is 
feigned or invented ; a literary pro- 
duction of the imagination in prose 
form, as a novel, romance, &c. ; 
a legal assumption for the purpose 
of convenience, the furtherance of 
justice, &c. 

fictional (-al), adj. pertaining to» 
characteristic of, or created by, fic- 
tion. 

fictionist (-ist), n. a writer of fic- 
tion. 

fictitious (-tish'us), adj. pertaining 
to, or of the nature of, fiction : 
false ; unreal. 

fid (fid), n. an iron or wooden bar to 
support a topmast ; a large tapering 
wooden pin for opening the strands 
of a rope : v.t. to put into place and 
secure by a fid. Also fidd. 

fidalgo (fi-dal'go), n. a Portuguese 
nobleman : hidalgo. 

fiddle (fid'l), n. a violin; a frame 
used on board ship to prevent arti- 
cles from rolling off the table in 
stormy weather : v.i. to play the fid- 
dle or violin : v.t. to cheat by ?rti- 
fice. 

fiddle-de-dee (-de-de), inter j. non- 
sense ! : M. a piece of nonsense. 

fiddle-faddle (-fad'l), *i. nonsense* 
trifling conversation : v.i. to talk 
nonsense ; fuss about trifles : adj. 
fussy about trifles. 

fiddler (fid'ler), n. a violinist; a 
name of the common sandpiper ; 
sixpence ; one who is fussy about 
trifles. 

fiddlestick (-stik), n. a bow for 
playing upon the fiddle or violin : 
interj. nonsense! (usually in pi.), 

fiddling (fid'ling), n. the act of play- 
ing the violin : p.adj. trifling. 

fidelity (fi-del'i-ti), n. [pi. fldelities 
(-tiz)], integrity; faithful adliier- 
ence to obligation or duty ; honesty ; 
loyalty ; reliability. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon^ 
book; hue, hut; thi^ik, tliQn. 



€d 



334 



fig 



fid-fad (fid'fad), n. fiddle-faddle. 

fidget (fij'et), n. one who is fidgety; 
nervous restlessness (often in pi.) : 
v.t. to put in a fidget ; worry ; v.i. to 
move about uneasily or restlessly. 

fidgetiness (-i-nes), n. the state of 
being fidgety. 

fidgety ('et-i), adj. restless; impa- 
tient. 

fiducial (fi-du'shal), adj. of the na- 
ture of a trust ; practical confidenc. 

fiduciary ('sbi-a-ri), n. [pi. fiducia- 
ries (-riz)], a trustee; one who de- 
pends for salvation on faith without 
works : adj. pertaining to, or of the 
nature of, a trust ; confident ; unwa- 
vering. 

fie (fi), inter j. for shame! Also fy, 
fye. 

fief (fef), n. a fee or feud; a landed 
estate or manor held under a feudal 
superior. 

field (feld), n. a piece of land en- 
closed for tillage or pasture ; open 
country ; a region yielding some nat- 
ural product ; site of a battle ; 
sphere of action ; a wide expanse ; 
space within which telescopic or 
microscopic objects are viewed ; 
out-door work ; in heraldry, the sur- 
face of the shield; the ground upon 
which a game is played ; the com- 
petitors in a race, hunt, &c. : v.t. to 
catch or stop and return to the 
wicket-keeper, as a ball at cricket, 
&c. : v.i. to act as a fielder ; in a 
race, bet on the field against the 
favorite. 

Seld-allowance (-a-Iou'ans), n. ex- 
tra pay given to ofiicers on active 
service. 

field-artillery (-ar-til'er-i), n. artil- 
lery so mounted as to be readily 
handled in active service. 

field-book (-book), n. a surveyor's 
note-book. 

field-day (-da), n. a military review; 
a day of unusual excitement or dis- 
play ; a day devoted to outdoor sci- 
entific research. 

field-glass (-glas), n. a small porta- 
ble telescope. 

field-marlisal (-mar'shal), n. the 
highest rank in the British army. 

field-o£Glcer (-of'i-ser), n. a major, 
lieutenant-colonel, or colonel. 



field-sports (-sportz), n.pl. outdoor 
diversions, especially shooting, hunt- 
ing, &c. 

field-work (-werk), n. outdoor oper- 
ations or observations. 

fiend (fend), n. an infernal being; 
demon : one who is intensely mali- 
cious or wicked ; a monomaniac. 

fiendish ('ish), adj. like a fiend. 

fierce (fers), adj. savage; violent; 
merciless ; ferocious ; unrestrained. 

fiercely ('li), adv. in a fierce manner. 

fieri facias (fi'e-ri fa'shi-as), (Latin 
cause it to be done), a writ of exe- 
cution authorizing a levy on the 
goods and chattels of the person 
against whom it is issued. 

fierily (fir'i-li), adv. in a fiery man- 
ner. 

fieriness (-nes), n. the quality of 
being fiery ; heat of temper. 

fiery ('ri), adj. [comp. fierier, superl. 
fieriest], pertaining to, or consisting 
of, fire ; passionate ; easily roused ; 
fervent ; ardent. 

fife (fif), 11. a shrill-toned musical 
instrument of the flute class : v.t. to 
play (a tune) on a fife. 

fifteen (fif 'ten), adj. consisting of 5 
and 10 ; a cardinal numeral : n. the 
number made up of 5 and 10 ; one 
point scored at lawn-tennis. 

fifteenth ('tenth), adj. next in order 
after 14th : n. a fifteenth part. 

fifth (fifth), adj. next in order after 
4th : n. one of 5 equal parts ; in 
^usic, an interval of three tones 
and a semi-tone ; the dominant. 

fifthly ('li), adv. in the fifth place. 

fiftieth (fif'ti-eth), adj. next in order 
after 49th : n. one of 50 equal parts. 

fifty ('ti), adj. consisting of five 
times 10: n. [pi. fifties ('tiz)], the 
number which amounts to five times 
10. 

fig (fig), n. the pear-shaped fruit of 
the fig-tree ; the fig-tree ; a snap of 
the fingers in token of contempt : 
anything insignificant or worthless. 

figgy Ci), adj. fig-like. 

fight (fit), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. fought, 
p.pr. fighting], contend in battle or 
in arms ; make war ; offer resist- 
ance : v.t. to war against ; strive for 
the mastery of ; manoeuvre in bat- 



&te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hae, hut ; think, then. 



fig 



335 



m 



tie, as ships : n. a combat ; battle or 
engagement ; contest. 

figlLtiiig ('ing), adj. pertaining to 
conflict ; qualified, or trained, to 
fight ; skilled in v^arf are : n. a com- 
bat. 

fig-leaf (fig'lef), n. the leaf of a fig- 
tree ; a light covering in the form of 
a fig-leaf to conceal nakedness. 

fig-marigold (-mar'i-gold), n. a 
plant which produces a fig-shaped 
fruit. 

figment ('ment), n. an invention; 
fiction. 

figuline ('ii-lin), n. potter's clay. 

figuraut ( 'u-rant) , n. an opera dancer 
who performs as one of the group. 
Fern, figurante. 

figurative ('ti-ra-tiv), adj. repre- 
senting by figure; symbolical; un- 
real ; metaphorical. 

figuratively (-li), adv. in a figura- 
tive manner. 

figure ('ur), n. the outline or shape 
of a person or object ; appearance ; 
an image or statue; representation 
of a person by drawing or painting ; 
idea ; pattern ; type ; sign or charac- 
ter denoting a number ; a movement 
in a dance ; musical phrase, or re- 
peated theme ; a horoscope ; value 
or cost ; in logic, the character of a 
syllogism as determined by the place 
of the middle term ; a space bounded 
on all sides by lines or planes : v.t. 
to form into any determinate shape ; 
show by resemblance ; represent ; 
symbolize ; adorn or cover with fig- 
ures ; calculate or compute ; v.i. to 
be conspicuous ; cipher. 

figured Curd), adj. covered or 
adorned with figures ; symbolized ; 
pictured; indicated by figures 
[Mus.]. 

figurs-head (-hed), n. a carved rep- 
resentation of a human or other fig- 
ure placed at the prow of a ship ; a 
person who is only nominally im- 
portant. 

figuring (fig'tir-ing), n. computation. 

figwort (fig'wert), n. a plant used as 
a specific for piles. 

filament ('a-ment), n. a fine thread, 
or thread-like process or appen- 
dage ; the stalk of an anther. 



filamentary ( -men'ta-ri ) , adj. con- 
sisting of, or resembling, a filament. 

filar (fi'lar), adj. pertaining to, or 
furnished with, threads ; having fine 
threads stretched across the field of 
view : said of a microscope, &c. 

filbert (fil'bert), n. the edible nut of 
the cultivated hazel. 

filch (filcSi), v.t, to pilfer; rob. 

file (fil), n. a wire, &c., on which pa- 
pers are strung for preservation or 
reference ; a bundle of papers fas- 
tened together and endorsed with the 
date, contents, &c., of each ; a line 
of soldiers ranged one behind the 
other ; a tool of hard steel with 
small grooves on the surface, used 
for cutting and smoothing : v.t. to 
cut or smooth with a file ; string 
(papers. &c.) on a file, or place 
them away, endorsed, for future 
reference ; place among the records 
of _ a court or house of legislature : 
v.i. to march in a file or line. 

filial (fil'i-al), adj. pertaining to, or 
befitting, a son or daughter ; due to 
a father. 

filially (-li), adv. in a filial manner. 

filiation (-a'shun), n. affiliation. 

filibuster (-i-bus'ter), n. a free- 
booter ; buccaneer ; a lawless military 
adventurer who invades a foreign 
country ; v.i. to act as a filibuster ; 
to delay legislation by obstructive 
tactics. 

filiform (fil'i-fCrm), adj. thread-like. 

filigree ('i-gre), adj. made of, or re- 
lating to, work in filigree : n. orna- 
mental work, resembling lace, in 
gold or silver wire ; something deli- 
cate and ornamental, but not last 
ing. 

filigreed ('i-gred), adj. ornamented 
with, or as with, filigree. 

filing (fi'ling), n. the act of using a 
file : pi. fine fragments rubbed off 
by the action of a file. 

Filipino (fil-i-pe'no) , n. a native of 
the Philippine Islands. 

fill (fil), v.t. to make full; satisfy; 
crowd ; engage ; occupy ; employ : v.i. 
to become full or replete ; be dis- 
tended ; pour a glass or vessel full : 
n. as much as produces complete 
satisfaction; satiety. 

filler ('er), n. one who, or that which, 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



fil 



fin 



fills; a funnel for filling bottles, 
&c. ; composition for stopping up 
holes or pores in a material before 
painting it ; the body of a cigar. 

fillet ('et), n. a narrow band of metal, 
linen, silk, &c., worn around the 
forehead, for securing the hair ; the 
fleshy part of the thigh : said of 
veal ; a boneless lump of meat or 
fish served flat or rolled together 
and tied round ; a raised rim, nar- 
row ornament, or molding ; a plain 
line or band ; the loins of a horse : 
v.t. to bind with a fillet ; ornament 
with a fillet ; make into fillets, as 
veal, &c. 

filling (firing), p.adj. serving to fill; 
occupying the whole space ; satiat- 
ing : 71. something that serves to fill 
up a vacant space, cavity, or pore : 
pi. prepared wort. 

fillip ('ip), n. a sudden sharp jerk or 
stroke with the finger ; an incite- 
ment : v.t. to strike with the nail of 
the finger by a sudden movement ; 
project : v.i. to aim a fillip, 

fillister ('is-ter), n. a rabbet-plane; 
a groove or rabbet on the outer 
edge of a window-sash to receive 
glass. 

filly ('i), n. [ph fillies ('iz)], a young 
mare ; a bold, lively girl. 

film (film) , n. a thin skin or filament ; 
a thin covering of some sensitized 
substance to receive a photographic 
impression : v.i. to become covered 
with a film. 

filminess ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being filmy. 

filmy -('i), adj. composed of, or re- 
sembling, films. 

filo-iloss (fi'lo-flos), n. a fine soft 
thread, used in embroidery, 

filo-plume (-plum), n. a long slen- 
der feather with a delicate shaft, 

filose {'los),_ adj. thread-like, 

filoselle ('lo-zel), n. a kind of floss- 
silk, 

filter (fil'ter), n. any material or ap- 
paratus by which water or any 
other liquid is purified ; a contri- 
vance for arresting particles of 
steel, dust, &c., in the air ; a strain- 
er : v.t. to purify, as a liquid, 

filth (filth), n. foul matter; dirt; de- 
filement, moral or physical. 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



filthily (-li), adv. in a filthy manner. 
filthiness (-nes), n. uncleanness ; 

impurity. 

filthy ('i), adj. [comp. filthier, su- 
perl. filthiest], foul; dirty; unclean, 
morally or physically ; obscene. 

filtrate (fil'trat), n. sl liquid which 
has been filtered : v.t. to filter, 

fin (fin), n. one of the organs of loco- 
motion of a fish, 

finable (fin'a-bl), adj. liable to a 
fine ; capable of belong refined, 

final (fi'nal), adj. pertaining to the 
end ; ultimate ; finishing ; decisive : 
n. that which is last, or makes an 
end ; the deciding heat of an ath- 
letic contest, 

final cause (kawz), n. the end for 
which a thing is done. 

finale (fe-nii'la), n. the last passage 
in a musical composition ; the final 
act, &c., of a scene or performance ; 
termination ; end, 

finality (fi-nal'i-ti), n. completeness. 

finally (fi-nal-li), adv. lastly; com- 
pletely. 

finance (fi-nans'), n. the public 
revenue of a government or state ; 
the science of the profitable manage- 
ment of monetary affairs : v.t. to 
manage the financial arrangement 
of : v.i. to raise money for some spe- 
cial object. 

financial (-nan'shal), adj. pertaining 
to finance. 

financially (-li), adv. with respect 
to finance. 

financier (fin-an-ser'), n. one who is 
skilled in the principles of banking, 
or conducts private or public finan- 
cial affairs. 

finback (fin'bak), n. sl variety of 

' whale, having the dorsal fin promi- 
nent. Also finner, razorback. 

finch (finch), n. the common name 
for various small birds, as the chaf- 
finch, canary, &c. 

find (find), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. found, 
p.pr. finding], to discover; obtain 
by searching ; ascertain by experi- 
ment ; meet by accident ; regain, as 
something lost ; supply ; declare by 
judicial verdict : n. the discovery of 
something valuable. 

finder ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, finds ; a small telescope at- 



fin 



337 



fin 



tached to a larger one to locate 
some particular star, &c., to be ex- 
amined by the larger instrument. 

fin de siecle (fang de sia'kl) 
[French], at the end of the cen- 
tury. 

finding; (fmd'ing), n. discovery; the 
verdict of a jury, or court : pi. the 
tools, &c., which a workman himself 
supplies. 

fine (fin), n. money paid as a pen- 
I alty ; forfeiture : v.t. to impose a 
I monetary penalty upon ; purify ; re- 
fine ; clarify. 

fine (fin), adj. slender; thin; keen; 
pure ; refined ; subtle ; delicate ; ele- 
gant ; of small diameter ; very hand- 
some ; noble ; showy ; admirable ; 
splendid ; beautiful in thought or 
language ; free from clouds or rain ; 
dexterous ; discriminating ; artful : 
adv. very much ; finely. 

fine-cut ('kut), adj. delicately cut or 
chiseled ; cut fine, as tobacco. 

finedraxiT' ('draw), v.t. to sew up 
neatly, as a rent, so that it is im- 
perceptible ; draw out to extreme 
tenuity, as wire. 

finedrawn ('drawn), adj. spun very 
fine ; over-subtle ; far-fetched. 

finely ('li), adv. in a fine manner. 

fineness ('nes), n. the state or quali- 
ty of being fine ; in an alloy, the 
quantity of pure metal contained. 

finery (fi'ner-i), n. [pi. fineries 
(-iz)], personal adornment, as fine 
or showy clothes, &c. ; outward 
show. 

finesse (fi-nes'), n. artifice or strat- 
agem ; skill ; dexterity ; finessing at 
whist : v.i. to use artifice or skill to 
accomplish some end ; in playing 
whist, to endeavor to take a trick 
with a lower card than that held 
by an opponent, while holding a 
higher card. 

finger (fing'ger), n. one of the five 
divisions of the hand ; one of the 
four digits of the hand, as dis- 
tinguished from a thumb ; a fin- 
ger's breadth ; any mechanical con- 
trivance resembling a finger ; an in- 
dex ; musical touch : v.t. to handle, or 
perform, with the fingers ; meddle 
with ; steal ; pilfer : v.i. to use the 



fingers skilfully in performing upon 
a musical instrument. 

fingerer (/ger-er), n. one who fin- 
gers ; a pilferer. 

fingering (-ing), n. the act of touch- 
ing with the fingers ; the act of 
manipulating the fingers on a fin- 
gered instrument ; fine work exe- 
cuted by the fingers ; a loose-twisted 
woolen yarn, used for knitting 
stockings, &c. 

fingerling ('ling), n. a young trout. 

finger-print (print), n. an impres- 
sion of the markings on the fin:^?rs, 
used by the police to identify crimi- 
nals. 

fingerstall (-stawl), n. a protective 
covering for an injured finger. 

finial (fin'i-al), n. a pointed orna- 
ment at the top of a spire, gable, &c. 

finical ( 'i-kal ) , adj. fastidious ; over 
particular. 

finicality ('i-ti), n. the characteris- 
tic of being finical. 

finically (-li), adv. in a finical man- 
ner.^ 

finikin ('i-kin), adj. fussy or affect- 
edly precise in trifles, as in dress, 
manner, &c. ; a variety of pigeon. 
Also finicking. 

fining (fin'ing), n. the act or process 
of purifying or refining ; clarifica- 
tion. 

finis (fi'nis), n. the end. 

finish (fin'ish), v.t. to bring to an 
end ; complete ; put an end to ; con- 
clude ; make perfect ; polish ; kill or 
render powerless: v.i. to come to an 
end ; expire : n. completion ; careful 
elaboration ; the final touches given 
to a work. 

finished ('isht), p. adj. complete; of 
superior excellence or quality ; care- 
fully elaborated. 

finite (fi'nit), adj. having limits: n. 
that which is finite (with the). 

finitely (-li), adv. in a limited de- 
gree. 

finiteness (-nes), n. the state of be- 
ing finite. 

finlet (fin'let), n. a small fin. 

finned (find), adj. having fins. 

finny ('ni), adj. having fins; resem- 
bling, or abounding in, fish. 

fines (fe'nos), n. wool of the merino 
sheep of the second best quality. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
' book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



£o 



33f5 



fix 



fiord (fyOrd), n. a long narrow inlet 
or arm of the sea between high 
rocks or banks. 

fir (fer), n. the name of various cone- 
bearing trees of the genus Abies, 
and allied genera ; a fir-tree. 

fire (fir), n. heat and light evolved 
by ignition and combustion ; the 
result of combustion of bodies; 
a burning ; conflagration ; flame ; 
discharge of firearms ; light ; in- 
tensity of feeling ; ardor ; spirit ; 
severe trial or afiiiction : v.t. to set 
on fire ; inflame ; kindle ; bake, as 
porcelain ; explode ; excite violently ; 
irritate ; illuminate ; cauterize : v.i. 
to become ignited ; be inflamed ; dis- 
charge firearms ; ring a peal of bells 
all together. 

firearms ('armz), n.pl. rifles, can- 
non, &c. 

fire-ball ('bawl), n. a grenade; me- 
teor. 

fire-balloon ('bal-loon), n. a bal- 
loon inflated by hot air ; a balloon 
sent up with fireworks, which be- 
come ignited when at a certain 
height. 

fire-box ('boks), n. in a locomotive 
engine, the receptacle for the fire. 

firebrand ('brand), n. a piece of 
burning wood ; an incendiary ; one 
who inflames the passions of others. 

firebug ('bug), n. an incendiary. 

fire-clay ('kla), n. a kind of clay 
capable of resisting intense heat. 

firecracker ('krak-er), n. a small 
explosive firework. 

fire-damp ('damp), n. carburetted 
hydrogen. 

fire-dog^ ('dog), n. an andiron. 

fire-engine ('en-jin), n. a hand or 
steam engine for ejecting water 
through hose to extinguish a fire. 

fire-escape ('es-kap), n. a kind of 
ladder for rescuing persons from the 
upper parts of a building on fire. 

firefly ('fii), n. a winged insect which 
emits light at night. 

fire-irons ('i-erns), n.pl. the shovel, 
poker, and tongs. 

fire-kiln ('kil), n. an oven. 

fireman ('man), n. \_pl. firemen 
('men)], one trained to extinguish 
fires ; a stoker. 

fire-skip ('ship), n. a ship filled with 



combustibles, set firo to, and floated 
among the vessels of an enemy. 

fireside ('sid), n. the hearth: hence 
domestic life and comfort. 

fire-water ('waw-ter), n. ardent 
spirits [American Indian]. 

firework ('werk), n. a preparation 
of gunpowder, sulphur, charcoal, 
&LC., inclosed in a cardboard or paper 
case, which, when ignited, scintil- 
lates and explodes : pi. a pyrotech- 
nic display. 

fire-worskip ('wer-ship), n. the 
worship or veneration of fire as a 
deity. 

firing ('ing), n. the act of discharg- 
ing firearms ; the application of in- 
tense heat, as in baking, &c. ; fuel ; 
cauterization. 

firkin (fer'kin), n. a small wooden 
vessel for holding butter, lard, &c. ; 
a measure of capacity — l-4th of a 
barrel ; 9 gals. 

firm ( f erm ) , adj. hard ; compact ; 
solid ; closely compressed ; unyield- 
ing ; not easily moved ; rigorous ; 
staunch ; unfaltering ; steadfast : 
n. the title or style under which a 
mercantile house transacts its busi- 
ness ; a mercantile partnership. 

firmament (fer'ma-ment), n. the sky. 

firman ('man, or 'man, n. a spe- 
cial decree, edict, or license of an 
oriental potentate, as of the Turk- 
ish Sultan. 

first (ferst), adj. the ordinal of one; 
foremost in place, rank, dignity, 
time, excellence, &c. ; earliest ; most 
important ; chief : adv. before all 
others in order, place, rank, time, 
&c. ; sooner : n. the beginning ; the 
upper part of a vocal or instru- 
mental duet, trio, &c. [Mus.]. 

first-ckop ('chop), adj. of the first 
quality. 

first-class ('Mas), adj. of the high- 
est excellence, rank, or quality. 

First-day ('da), n. the name given 
to Sunday by the Society of Friends. 

first-fruits (-fruts), n.pl. the first 
gatherings of the produce of the 
season ; the first profits of any of- 
fice or undertaking. 

first-kand ('hand), n. the mate of a 
fishing-smack : adj. obtained direct 
from the producer or grower. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



fir 



839 



fit 



firstling ('ling), n. the first-born; 
first produced. 

firstly ('li), adv. in the first place. 

first-mate ('mat), n. in the mer- 
chant service, the officer next in 
rank to the captain. 

first-rate ('rat), adj. of the highest 
excellence ; having the highest qual- 
ity or character : n. a warship of 
the first class : adv. excellently. 

firth., same as frith. 

fiscal (fis'kal), adj. pertaining to the 
exchequer or public revenues ; finan- 
cial : n. a state treasurer [ Span- 
ish]. 

fish (fish), n. [pi. fish, fishes ('ez)], 
a vertebrate, cold-blooded, aquatic 
animal furnished w^ith permanent 
gills ; the flesh of fish used as food ; 
a machine for hoisting an anchor ; 
a piece of v\^ood fastened to an- 
other to strengthen it ; one of the 
signs (Pisces) of the zodiac;, a 
counter used at cards : v.t. to search 
in quest of fish; catch (fish) ; seek 
for and bring to light ; draw up ; 
strengthen bj^ spars : v.i. to try to 
catch fish ; seek to gain or obtain 
something by artifice or indirect 
methods. 

fish-beam ('bem), n. a beam of tim- 
ber bulging downwards. 

fish-block ('blok), n. a hoisting- 
block for raising the fiukes of an 
anchor to the gunwale. 

fish-davit ( 'dav-it) , n. a strong spar, 
or crane, for fishing the anchor. 

fisher ('er), n. one who fishes; the 
pekan. 

fisherman (-man), n. one whose oc- 
cupation it is to catch fish ; a fish- 
ing-smack. 

fishery ('er-i), n. [pi. fisheries 
(-iz) ], the business of catching fish ; 
a fishing-ground ; the right to fish 
at a particular time or ground. 

fishgarth ('garth), n. a fish-weir. 

fishgig Cgig), n. a pronged instru- 
ment for spearing fish. Also fizgig. 

fish-glue Cgloo), n. isinglass. 

fish-hawk ('hawk), n. the osprey. 

fishiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being fishy. 

fishing ('ing), n. the art, sport, or 
business of taking fish ; a fishing- 
ground ; the operation of hoisting 



an anchor up to the gunwale of a 
vessel. 

fish- joint ('joint), n. a pair of iron 
plates for fastening the ends of two 
rails together. 

fish-maw ('maw), n. the sound of a 
fish. 

fishmonger ('mung-ger), n, one who 
sells fish. 

fish-sound ('sound), n. the swim- 
ming or air-bladder of a fish. 

fish-torpedo ('tor-pe-do), n. a sub- 
marine torpedo somewhat resem- 
bling a fish in shape. 

fish- weir ( 'wer ) , n. a. dam for stop- 
ping or preserving fish. 

fish- wife ('wif), n. a woman who 
retails fish. Also fishwoman. 

fishy ('i), adj. pertaining to, consist- 
ing of, abounding in, or like, fish ; 
dull ; vacant ; questionable ; incredi- 
ble. 

fissi, prefix, meaning cleft, occurring 
in various scientific words, as fissi- 
parous, propagating or multiplying 
by fission. 

fissile (fis'il), adj. capable of being 
split : said of rocks. 

fission (fish'un), n. the act of cleav- 
ing or splitting up into parts ; the 
spontaneous division of a simple 
organism into two parts, each of 
which becomes a new individual. 

fissiparous. See fissi. 

fissiped (fis'i-ped), adj. having the 
toes separated : n. an animal belong- 
ing to the Pissipedia, a division of 
carnivorous mammals, including the 
dogs, cats, &c. 

fissure (fish'ur), n. a cleft or crack; 
a narrow opening ; furrow : v.t. to 
make a fissure.: v.i. to crack. 

fist (fist), n. the hand when closed or 
clenched : v.t. to grip or strike with 
the fist. 

fistic (fis'tik), adj. pertaining to pu- 
gilism. 

fisticuffs ('ti-kufs), n. a combat with 
the fists ; boxing. 

fistula ('tti-la), n. a deep pipe-like 
ulcer. 

fistulose (-los), adj. of the nature of 
a fistula ; hollow like a pipe. Also 
fistulous. 

fit (fit), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. fitted, p.pr. 
fitting], to make fit or suitable; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



fit 



340 



fla 



adapt ; accoramodate to anything ; 
qualify; adjust; eqaip ; benetit : v.i. 
to be proper or suitable : n. adapta- 
tion of one thing to another; suit- 
ability : ad), [comp. fitter, superL 
fittest] , convenient ; suitable ; pre- 
pared ; qualified. 

fit (fit), w. a sudden attaek of disease 
attended with convulsions, and often 
with loss of consciousness ; a tem- 
porary mental paroxysm, or attack 
of pain or illness ; caprice. 

fitch (fitsh;, n. the pole-cat. 

fitful ( fit'f ool ) , adj. capricious ; spas- 
modic. 

fitfully (-li), adv. in a fitful manner. 

fitly (fit'li), adv. suitably; properly. 

fitness ('nes), n. the state or quality 
of being fit. 

fitter ('er), n. one who adjusts pipes, 
or puts the parts of a machine to- 
gether ; one who fits on and shapes 
an article of dress ; a coal-broker. 

fitting ('ing), p.adj. suitable; appro- 
priate : n.pl. the necessary fixtures, 
«S:c., of a house or shop. 

fitty Ci), adj. subject to fits. 

five (fiv), adj. consisting of 4 and 1: 
a cardinal numeral : n. the sum of 
4 and 1 : pZ. a game resembling ten- 
nis, 

fivefold ('fold), adj. five times as 
much or as great ; multiplied by 5. 

fix (fiks), v.t. to make fast, secure, or 
staple ; direct steadily ; set or place 
permanently ; adjust ; transfix ; de- 
prive of volatility ; predispose : v.i. 
to become solid or firm ; settle down : 
n. an awkward situation ; quandary. 

fixation (-a'shun), n. the act of fix- 
ing ; stability ; absence of volatility ; 
reduction from a fluid to a solid 
state. 

fixative ('a-tiv), n. something that 
serves to fix, as a mordant, &c. 

fixed (fikst), p.adj. firm; lasting; 
settled ; permanent ; stable ; estab- 
lished ; resolute ; not volatile. 

fixed body (bod'i), n. a substance 
not readily volatilized, as a fixed oil. 

fixedly (fiks'ed-li), adv. steadily; 
firmly. 

fixedness (-nes), n. the state of being 
fixed ; absence of volatility. 

fixed star (star), n. a star which 



retains relatively the same position 
in the heavens. 

fixing (fiks'ing), n. the act of making 
firm, or rendering permanent ; the 
act of adjusting or amending ; a 
cast to carry a shaft-bearing : pi. 
ornaments, outfit, apparatus, &c. 

fixity ( 'i-ti ) , n. stability ; perma- 
nence. 

fixture (fiks'tur), n. that which is 
firmly fixed ; an article of furni- 
ture fixed to a house and regarded 
as part of it. 

fizgig (fiz'gig), n. a firework made 
of damp powder; a flirting, giddy 
girl. 

fizz (fiz), n, a hissing noise; an ef- 
fervescent beverage, as sparkling 
champagne : v.i. to make a fizzing 
noise. Also fizzle. 

fjeld (fyeld), n. a lofty barren table- 
land [Norwegian]. 

flabbily (flab'i-li), adv. in a flabby 
manner. 

fjord. Same as fiord. 

flabbily (flab'i-li), adv. in a flabby 
manner. 

flabbiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being flabby. 

flabby ('i), adj. easily shaking or 
yielding to the touch ; lacking mus- 
cle ; mentally or physically feeble. 

flabellate (-bel'at), adj. fan- shaped. 

flabellum (flri-bel'um), n. [pi. flabel- 
la ('a)], a large fan carried by the 
Pope's attendants ; in the (jrreek 
Church, a fan used to drive away 
flies from the chalice during the cele- 
bration of the eucharist. 

flaccid (flak'sid), adj. flabby; weak. 

flaccidity ('i-ti), n. the state of 
being flaccid. 

flag (flag), n. a piece of cloth or 
bunting on which usually some de- 
vice is wrought, used as a standard, 
ensign, signal, &c. ; a plant of the 
genus Iris : a flagstone : v.i. {p.t. & 
p.p. flagged, p.pr. flagging], to be- 
come weary ; lose vigor ; hang down : 
v.i. signal with a flag ; pave with 
flagstones. 

flagellant (flaj'el-ant), adj. using a 
whip or scourge : n. one who 
scourges himself for religious disci- 
pline. 

flagellata (-a'ta), n.pJ. a class of in- 



ate, arm. ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, *7ien. 



fla 



341 



fla 



fusorians with whip-like append- 
ages. 

flagellate Cel-at), v.t. to whip: adj. 
having whip-like processes. 

flageolet (flaj'o-let), n. a musical 
instrument of the flute class. 

flagging (flag'ing), n. pavement of 
flagstones. 

flagitious (fla-jish'us), adj. atro- 
cious : wicked ; highly criminal. 

flag-offtcer (-of'i-ser), n. an admiral. 

flagon (flag'un), n. a large drinking 
vessel with a narrow mouth. 

flagrant (fla'grant), adj, openly 
wicked ; heinous ; glaring ; notorious. 

flagrante delicto (-gran'te de-lik'- 
to) [Latin], in the very act. 

flagstone ('ston), n. a large flat pav- 
ing stone. 

flail (flal), n. a wooden instrument 
for threshing wheat, &c., by hand. 

flake (flak), n. a small film of any- 
thing loosely held together, as 
snow ; a thin scaly piece of any- 
thing ; a carnation with a single 
color in stripes on a white ground : 
v.t. & v.i. to form into flakes ; scale 
or peel off. 

flake-white ('whit), n. pure white 
lead. 

flaky ('i), adj. consisting of flakes 
or layers. 

flam (flam), n. a falsehood; freak; 
blarney ; false pretense. 

flaxubeau ('bo), n. {pi. flambeaux 
Cboz)], a lighted torch ; a large or- 
namental candlestick. 

flamboyant (-boi'ant), adj. denoting 
a florid or showy style, especially as 
deficient in good taste ; denoting the 
French Pointed Gothic, character- 
ized, by flame-like tracery. 

flame (flam), n. fire; ardor of tem- 
per or passion ; glow of imagina- 
tion ; excitement ; a sweetheart : v.t. 
to heat ; excite : v.i. to burst into 
flame ; blaze. 

flamen (fla'men), n. one of fifteen 
priests in ancient Rome devoted to 
the service of a special deity. 

flaming (flam'ing), adj. giving forth 
flames : blazing ; causing excite- 
ment ; violent. 

flamingo (flf\-ming'go), n. a long- 
legged, web-footed, red-colored bird. 

flamingo-plant (-plant), n. a hand- 



some hot-house plant belonging to 
the arum family. 

flammule (flam'ul), n. a little flame, 
especially the small flame symboliz- 
ing Chinese and Japanese deities. 

flamy (flam'i), adj. resembling flame; 
flame-colored. 

flang (flang), n. a miner's double- 
pointed pick. 

flange (flanj), n. a raised or project- 
ing rim for preventing a wheel slip- 
ping, or as an attachment : v.t. to 
attach a flange to. 

flank (flangk), n. the fleshy part of 
an animal between the ribs and 
hip ; the side of an army, regiment, 
or building ; that part of a fortifica- 
tion constructed to defend another : 
v.t. to attack or turn the flank or 
side of (an army) ; guard on the 
flank: v.i. to border or touch (with 
on) : adj. pertaining to, or cut from, 
the flank. 

flanker ('er), n. one of a body of 
troops thrown out to protect a line 
of march ; a man who walks on the 
flank of grouse-drivers to keep the 
birds in the line required. 

flannel (flan'el), n. a soft-textured, 
loosely-worn cloth with a light nap. 

flanneled ('eld), adj. covered in flan- 
nel. 

flannelet (-et), n. a soft cotton ma- 
terial resembling flannel. 

flap (flap), n. anything broad and 
flexible, hanging loosely, and fas- 
tened on one side ; the motion or 
noise of anj-thing broad and flat ; 
a slap ; the tail of a coat : v.t. \_p.t. 
S: p.p. flapped], to strike with, or 
as with, a flap ; let fall ; move back- 
wards and forwards rapidly : v.i. to 
move, as wings, with noise. 

flapper ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, flaps ; a flipper. 

flare (flar), n. sl large, unsteady, 
glaring light : v.i. to burn with a 
broad, unsteady light ; be offensive- 
ly showy in dress. 

flash (flash), n. a sudden, quick, 
transitory blaze or light ; sudden 
outburst, as of merriment, wit, or 
passion ; a short, transient state ; a 
body of water driven by violence ; 
a sluice above a shoal on navigable 
rivers for easing the water for the 



ate, arm. 



:, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



fla 



342 



fla 



passage of boats : v.t. to cause to 
act, burst, or appear suddenly ; 
cover with a thin coating of colored 
glass : v.i. to shine with a sudden, 
quick, transient blaze or light ; act, 
or burst forth, suddenly ; gleam ; 
splash : adj. pertaining to thieves or 
their language ; cheap and gaudy ; 
sham ; vulgarly ostentatious or 
showy. 

flash liglit (-lit), n. a momentary, 
brilliant light for taking photo- 
graphs. 

flashily ('i-li), adv. in a flashy man- 
ner. 

flashiness ('i-nes), n. gaudiness. 

flashing ('ing), n. a name for va- 
rious operations in glass-making : pi. 
pieces of lead or other metal used 
as a cap-joint to keep roofs, &c., 
watertight : adj. emitting flashes. 

flashing-point (-point), n. the tem- 
perature, below the burning-point, 
at which the vapor of a volatile 
liquid will ignite and explode : used 
as a test for illuminants. 

fiashy ('i), adj. brilliant, but empty; 
gaudy. 

flash (flask), n. a small bottle; a ves- 
sel, usually metal or leather, for 
holding powder or shot. 

flat (flat), adj. level; even; smooth; 
prostrate : horizontal ; insipid ; posi- 
tive ; downright ; low : said of 
prices ; dull : said of sales ; without 
interest ; wanting relief or promi- 
nence : said of figures in painting ; 
sounded below the true pitch : n. a 
level or extended plain ; a shallow ; 
shoal ; story or floor of a house ; the 
broad or plane part of a thing ; sur- 
face without relief or prominence ; 
depression in thought or language ; 
a musical sign (b) which lowers 
the succeeding note half a tone ; 
one of the halves of a scene which 
meet in the middle of the stage of a 
theater ; a person easily duped : adv. 
in a level or prostrate position. 

flatfish ('fish), n. any fish with a 
compressed body, having its eyes 
situated on one side, and the under 
side colorless, as the sole. 

flatten ('n), v.t. to lay flat; make 
level or even ; beat down ; depress • 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



make dull, insipid or tasteless ; lower 
in tone : v.i. to become flat or level ; 
become insipid. 

flatter (er), v.t. to gain over or 
please by complimentary speech ; 
soothe ; persuade ; raise false hopes 
or expectations : v.i. to employ flat- 
tery. ^ 

flattering (-ing), p.adj. pleasing to 
pride or vanity; fallacious; partial. 

flattery ('er-i), n. [pi. flatteries 
(-iz)], insincere complimentary 
speech ; adulation ; false praise. 

flatting ('ing), n. the act or process 
of making flat or smooth ; the pro- 
cess of rolling metal into sheets by 
cylindrical pressure ; the sounding 
of a note below the true pitch ; a 
method of house painting by which 
the paint appears lusterless ; a coat 
of size laid over gilding to protect 
it. 

flatulence ('u-lens), n. distension 
of the stomach, caused by gases 
generated within it ; emptiness ; con- 
ceit. Also flatulency. 

flatulent ('u-lent), adj. afEected with, 
or tending to produce, flatulence ; 
pretentious ; conceited. 

flatwise ('wiz), adv. with the flat 
side downwards. 

flaunt (flant and flawnt), v.i. to 
make an ostentatious display in 
dress : v.t. behave or exhibit pertly 
or impudently : n. the act of flaunt- 
ing ; a boast ; brag. 

flav, prefix, occurring in various 
scientiflc compound words, meaning 
yelloio. Also flavi, flavo. 

flavor ( 'ver ) , w. a particular smell or 
taste : v.t. to impart a flavor to. 

flavoring (-ing), n. an essence or 
extract for giving a flavor to any- 
thing. 

flaw (flaw), n. a blemish; inherent 
defect ; crack : v.t. to make a flaw 
in ; crack. 

flax (flaks), n. a plant of the genus 
Linum, the fiber of which is spun 
into linen cloth. 

flaxen ('en), adj. resembling, or made 
of, flax ; of golden color : said of the 
hair. Also flaxy. 

flaxseed ('sed), n. linseed. 

(fla), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. flayed, p.pr. 
flaying], to strip off, skin; torture. 



fle 



843 



M 



flea (fle), n. a small blood-sucking 
insect of the genus Pulex, remark- 
able for its agility and irritating 
bite. 

fleabaue ('ban), n. a plant of the 
aster family. 

flea-bite ('bit), n. the bite of a flea; 
the red spot it causes ; a trifling 
wound or trouble ; a very small 
quantity. 

fleaking ('king), n. a light covering 
of reeds under the thatch of a 
house. 

fleam (flem), n. a lancet for bleeding 
cattle. * 

fleck (flek), n. a streak or spot: v.t. 
to streak or spot ; variegate. 

flection. Same as flexion. 

fledge (flej), v.i. to acquire the full 
plumage or feathers necessary for 
flight. 

fledgling ('ling), n. a young bird 
just fledged. 

flee (fle), v.t. [p.t. fled, p.pr. fleeing], 
to run away from ; avoid : v.i. to 
hasten away from danger ; scatter ; 
disappear. 

fleece (fles), n. the whole wool shorn 
from a sheep at one time : v.t. to 
deprive of the wool or fleece ; strip ; 
plunder by injustice or fraud ; cover 
with, or as with, a fleece. 

fleece-wool ('wool), n. wool cut 
from a living animal. 

fleecy ('i), adj. resembling a fleece; 
w^oolly. 

fleer (fler), n. mockery or contempt 
expressed in words or gesture : v.i. 
to mock or sneer ; grin contemptu- 
ously. 

fleering ('ing), p.adj. mocking; scoff- 
ing : n, the act of mocking or scoff- 
ing. 

;^eet (flet), adj. swift; rapid; nimble: 
n. a company of warships or mer- 
chant vessels ; a creek or inlet : v.t. 
to move or pass rapidly over ; skim. 

fleeting ('ing), p.adj, passing quick- 
ly. 

flense (flens), v.t. to cut up and strip 
the blubber from : said of a whale 
or seal. Also flench, flinch. 

flesk (flesh), n. that part of an ani- 
mal body underlying the skin, and 
composed of soft muscular tissue ; 
animal food ; pulp of fruit, &c. ; the 



body : opposed to soul ; human na- 
ture or race ; carnal state or ap- 
petites ; present life ; kindred : adj. 
resembling flesh in color or ap- 
pearance : v.t. to satiate or glut ; in- 
ure or harden by practice ; intiate ; 
make familiar with. 

fleskiness ('i-nes), n. corpulence. 

fleskings ('ingz), n.pl. flesh-colored 
tights. 

fleskliness Cli-nes), n. carnality. 

fleskly ('li), adj. pertaining to the 
body ; corporeal ; human ; carnal ; 
lascivious : adv. carnally. 

flesky ('i), adj. \_comp. fleshier, 
superl. fleshiest], full of flesh; 
plump ; corpulent ; succulent ; gross. 

fleur-de-lis (floor-de-le'), n. [pi. 
fleurs-de-lis], the royal bearing or 
emblem of France ; the name for 
various species of iris. 

flew, p.t. of fly. 

flexibility (fleks-i-bil'i-ti), w. the 
state or quality of being flexible. 
x\lso flexibleness. 

flexible ('i-bl), adj. easily bent; pli- 
ant ; yielding to persuasion. Also 
flexile. 

flexion (flek'shun), n. the act or pro- 
cess of bending ; a curve ; in gram- 
mar, inflection. 

flexor (fleks'er), n. a muscle that 
acts in bending the joints : opposed 
to extensor. 

flexure ('ur), n. the act of bending; 
the part bent ; a curve or fold ; 
joint. 

flick (flik), n. a light, quick stroke, 
as with a whip : v.t. to whip lightly. 

flicker ('er), v.i. to move with an un- 
steady and quick motion ; flutter 
with the wings: n. an unsteady 
light or movement ; the golden- 
winged woodpecker of North Amer- 
ica. 

flickering (-ing), n. the state of 
burning unsteadily. 

flier (fli'er), n. one who flies, or 
flees; a fugitive; that part of a 
machine that regulates and equalizes 
motion ; an essay or feeler : pi. a 
straight flight of steps. 

flies, pi. of fly. 

fligkt (flit), n. the act, process, man- 
ner, or power of flying; hasty de- 
parture; birds flying together, or 



dte, arm, dsk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; bo6n, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



fli 



344 



flo 



produced in the same season ; a 
soaring forth ; extravagant sally ; 
the distance traveled by a projectile ; 
a shower or volley ; a series of 
steps. 

flightily ('i-li), adv. capriciously. 

iLig'litiness ('i-nes), w. the state of 
being flighty. 

flighty ( 'i ) , adj. changeful ; capri- 
cious ; extravagant in fancy ; wild ; 
giddy. 

fiimsily (flim'zi-li), adv. in a flimsy 
manner. 

flimsiness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being flimsy. 

flimsy ('zi), n. [pi. flimsies ('ziz)], 
a thin manifold paper, especially 
that used for making reporting 
copies ; a bank-note : adj. unsub- 
stantial ; thin ; weak ; ineffective. 

flinch (flinch), v.i. to shrink or draw 
back, as from pain, danger, &c. : n. 
the act of flinching. 

flinder (flin'der), n. a splinter; frag- 
ment. 

fling (fling), v.t. \_p.t. &, p.p. flung, 
p.pr. flinging], to throw or hurl; 
drive by violence ; scatter ; cast to 
the ground: v.i. to flounce ; throw 
out the legs violently : n. the act of 
throwing or casting ; a sneer or 
gibe ; kick or leap ; unrestrained 
pleasure ; dash ; a Highland dance. 

flint (flint), n. a variety of quartz; 
a flint implement ; anything pro- 
verbially hard. 

flinty ('i), adj. composed of, or re- 
sembling, flint ; hard ; obdurate. 

flip (flip), n. a liquor of beer, spirit, 
sugar, &c. ; a short quick ^troke ; a 
flick : v.t. to jerk with the fingers ; 
strike with a short quick blow. 

flip-flap (-flap), n. the noise caused 
by something flapping : adv. with a 
flapping sound. 

flippancy (flip'an-si), n. pertness ; 
thoughtless fluency of speech. 

flippant ('ant), adj. characterized 
by thoughtless levity of speech, or 
pertness. 

flipper ('er), n. a broad fin, arm, or 
paddle used in swimming, as that of 
the whale, seal, or turtle. 

flirt (flert), v.t. move to and fro with 
a short rapid action ; throw with a 



quick elastic motion : v.i. make love 
from mere amusement ; coquette : n. 
a coquette ; a sudden jerk or toss. 

flirtation (fler-ta'shun), n. the act 
of flirting. 

flirtatious ('shus), n. inclined to 
flirt. 

flirting ('ting), n. coquetry: adj. co- 
quettish. 

flit (flit), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. flitted: 
p.pr. flitting], to remove (a thing) 
from one house to another [Scotch] : 
v.i. to pass lightly and swiftly 
along ; fly away ; skim : migrate. 

flitch (flich), n. the side of a hog 
salted and cured. 

flitter-niouse(flit'er-mous),n. a bat. 

flitting (flit'ing), n. the act of flying 
or moving lightly and swiftly ; a 
removal. 

flix (fliks,) n. soft fur. 

float (flot), v.t. to cause to rest or be 
conveyed on the surface of a liquid ; 
convey without effort or will ; to 
start, sell, or dispose of ; smooth 
or level plaster with a float : v.i. to 
be buoyed up on the surface of a 
liquid or gaseous fluid ; move lightly 
or glide without apparent effort ; 
drift about : n. anything that floats 
on the surface of a liquid or buoys 
up something ; a raft ; the cork or 
quill used in angling ; a ball-cock ; 
a plasterer's tool for spreading and 
smoothing ; tiie water-gauge of a 
steam-boiler. 

floater ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, floats ; a voter not belonging 
to any particular party. 

floating, p.adj. swimming, or buoyed 
up, on the surface of a liquid ; free 
to move about ; circulating ; not 
fixed or settled ; ready for use : n. 
the act or state of anything that 
floats. 

floccillation (flok-sil-a'shun), n. the 
picking of bed-clothes by a delirious 
patient : regarded as a serious 
symptom. 

floccose (flok'os), adj. covered with 
soft hair or wool ; woolly. 

flocculence ('u-lens), n. the state of 
being flocculent. 

flocculent ('u-lent), adj. woolly. 

i flocculus ('ti-lus), n. [pi. flocculi 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



fio 



345 



fl< 



(-li)], a small flake; a small tuft 
of down or wool-like hair. 

floccus ('us), n. [pi. flocci ('si)], the 
long tuft of hair which terminates 
the tail of certain quadrupeds, as 
the lion ; the down on an unfledged 
bird. 

flock (flok), n. a company or collec- 
tion of sheep or birds ; a congrega- 
tion ; crowd ; a lock of wool ; fibrous 
material used for stuffing uphol- 
stery, &c. : v.i. to come together in 
a flock ; assemble. 

floe ( flo ) , n. a large flat mass of float- 
ing ice. 

floe-rat ('rat), n. the ringed seal. 

flog (flog), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. flogged, 
p.pr. flogging], to whip; chastise; 
to lash (the water) with the line in 
angling. 

flogging ('ing), n. a whipping. 

flood (flud), n. a great flow of water ; 
inundation ; the deluge ; high tide ; 
the sea ; an abundant supply or out- 
pouring of anything : v.t. to deluge ; 
inundate ; overflow\ 

flood-gate ('giit), n. a gate in a 
water-way, which when opened al- 
lows the water to escape when at a 
certain height. 

flood-tide ('tid), n. the rising tide. 

floor (flor), n. the part of a house, 
room, &c., on which one treads ; 
story ; a level suite of rooms ; any 
smooth or level area ; pavement ; the 
part of a legislative chamber oc- 
cupied by the members : v.t. to cover 
with a floor ; put to silence ; strike 
down. 

floorage ('aj), n. the area of a floor. 

floorer ('er), n. a knock-down blow; 
an unanswerable question or argu- 
ment. 

flooring ('ing), n. materials for 
floors ; floors collectively ; pavement. 

flop (flop), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. flopped, 
p.pr. flopping], to strike frequently; 
unfold with a jerk : v.i. to plump 
down ; fall loosely and flatly : n. the 
sound caused by a soft flat body 
coming suddenly in contact with the 
ground : adv. suddenly. 

flora (flo'ra), n. the wild plants of 
a particular region, district, or geo- 
logical period ; a description of such 
plants. 



floral ('ral), adj. pertaining to, re- 
sembling, or consisting of, flowers, 

floral envelope (en'vel-op), n. the 
corolla and calyx of a flower. 

floran ('ran), n. fine-grained tin ore. 

floreated ('re-a-ted), adj. orna- 
mented with floral decorations. 
Also floriated. 

florescence (flo-res'ens), n. the flow- 
ering of a plant. 

floret ('ret), n. a little flower. 

floretum ('re-tum), n. a botanical 
garden specially devoted to flowers. 

floricnltural (-ri-kul'tur-al), adj. 
pertaining to floriculture. 

floriculture ('ri-kul-tur), n. the cul- 
ture of flowers. 

floriculturist ('tur-ist), n. one who 
is skilled in floriculture. 

florid (flor'id), adj. bright in color; 
brilliant with decorations ; profuse- 
ly embellished. 

floridly (-li), adv. in a florid man- 
ner. 

florin ('in), n. a European silver 
coin, ranging in value in different 
countries from 40 to 50 cents. 

florist (flo'rist), n. one who culti- 
vates flowers for pleasure, or sells 
them for profit. 

flory-boat (flo'ri-bot), n. a small 
boat for conveying passengers be- 
tween a steamboat and the shore at 
low tide. 

flosh. (flosh), n. a receptacle into 
which ore is put for stamping. 

floss (flos), n. floss-silk; the soft,, 
downy, silken substance in the husks 
of certain plants ; the slag on the 
surface of molten iron in a puddling- 
furnace ; a small stream. 

floss-silk ('silk), n. an inferior un- 
twisted soft silk. 

flossy ('i), adj.Jike floss; downy. 

flotation (flo-ta'shun), n. the act or 
state of floating ; the science of float- 
ing bodies. 

flotilla (-til 'a), n. a fleet of small 
vessels. 

flotsam (flot'sam), n. goods lost in 
shipwreck, and found floating upon 
the sea. Also flotson. 

flounce (flouns), n. a narrow piece 
of cloth sewed to the skirt of a 
dress or petticoat, with the lower 
border loose and spreading ; a eud- 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ffl 



84(5 



flu 



den jerk or movement of the body, 
indicative of impatience : v.t. to fur- 
nish or trim with flounces : v.i. to 
throw about the limbs and body. 

flouncing ('ing), n. material for 
flounces. . 

flounder (floun'der), v.i. to strug- 
gle, roll, or proceed with difficulty, 
as an animal in the mire : n. a flat 
sea-fish ; a bootmaker's tool. 

flour" (flour), n. the fine meal of 
ground wheat ; a fine soft powder : 
v.t. to sprinkle flour upon. 

flourish, (flur'ish), v.i. to prosper or 
thrive ; be vigorous ; be copious or 
flowery in language ; embellish : v.t. 
swing about or brandish ; give flour- 
ishes to : n. a figure formed by lines 
or strokes fancifully drawn ; the act 
of brandishing ; a musical passage 
intended only for display ; ostenta- 
tious parade. 

flourishing (-ing), p. adj. prosper- 
ous ; thriving ; vigorous ; ostenta- 
tious. 

floury (flour'i), adj. resembling, con- 
sisting of, or covered with, flour. 

flout (flout), v.t. to insult; treat 
contemptuously ; jeer : v.i. to scofE ; 
sneer : n. an insult ; scoff. 

flow (flo), v.i. to run or spread, as 
water ; circulate ; glide ; rise, as the 
tide ; melt ; issue forth : v.t. to over- 
flow or inundate : n. a current or 
stream ; copiousness ; the rise of the 
tide. 

flower (flou'er), n. that part of a 
plant which contains the reproduc- 
tive organs ; blossom ; the best, or 
choicest, part of anything ; the 
prime ; a figure or ornamental ex- 
pression : pi. a light powdery sub- 
stance obtained by sublimation : v.i. 
to put forth flowers ; blossom or 
bloom : v.t. ornament or cover with 
flowers. 

floweret (-et), n. a little flower. 

flowering-fern ('er-ing-fern), n. 
the Osmunda regalis. 

flowery ('er-i), adj. abounding, or 
adorned, with flowers ; highly figu- 
rath-e or embellished. 

flowing (flo'ing), p.adj. moving, or 
pouring forth, as a stream ; copious ; 
fluent ; hanging loosely or swaying. 

flown, p.p. of fly. 



fluctuate ( fluk'tti-at ) , v.i. to roll to 
and fro, as a wave ; undulate ; rise ^ 
and fall ; be irresolute or wavering. 

flue (flu), n. a pipe or passage to con- 
vey away smoke, hot air, &c. ; soft 
downy matter ; fluff. 

fluency (flti'en-si), n. the quality of 
being fluent. 

fluent Cent), adj. possessing readi- 
ness and ease of speech ; voluble ; 
eloquent. 

fluey Ci), adj. like flue; fluffy. 

fluif (fluf), n. light down or fur nap ; 
v.t. to spread out, as feathers : n. a 
flash. 

flui^ness ('nes), n, the quality of be- 
ing fluffy. 

fluiSfy ('i), adj. consisting of, or cov- 
ered with, fluff ; feathery. 

fluid (flti'id), adj. liquid or gaseous: 
n. a substance the particles of which 
are readily separable. 

fluidity (-id'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being fluid. 

fluke (fltik), n. the broad part of an 
anchor which is fixed into the 
ground ; a flounder ; a parasitic dis- 
ease in sheep ; a variety of potato ; 
one of the two lobes of a whale's 
tail ; a lucky stroke in billiards : v.i. 
to score by a lucky stroke ; use the 
flukes in swimming : said of a 
whale. 

fluky ('i), adj. like a fluke; obtained 
by chance. 

flume (flum), n. a channel for the 
conveyance of water. 

flummery (flum'er-i), w. a jelly made 
of flour ; blanc-mange ; insipidity ; 
humbug. 

flung, p.t. & p.p. of fling. 

flunk (flungk), n. a complete failure: 
v.i. to fail completely ; retire through 
fear. 

flunky ('i), n. [pi. flunkies ('iz)], a 
liveried servant ; a toady ; snob ; a 
foolish incautious speculator. Also 
flunkey. 

flunky ism ('i-izm), n. the character- 
istics of a flunky. Also flunkeyism. 

fluoresce (floo-o-res'), v.i. to exhibit 
fluorescence. 

fluorescence ('ens), ii. the quality 
existing in certain transparent 
bodies of giving off under the action 
of light a color differing from their 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n^rth, not ; boon^ 
book; hue, hut; think, *7ien. 



flu 



347 



fly 



own ; the property possessed by cer- 
tain substances of becoming lumi- 
nous when exposed to X-rays or oth- 
er forms of radiant energy. 

fluorescent ('ent), adj. pertaining 
to fluorescence ; possessing the ca- 
pacity of fluorescing. 

fluoric (-or'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
obtained from, fluorine. 

fluoride ('o-rld), n. a compound of 
fluorine with a metallic base. 

fluorine ('o-rin), n. an elementary 
gaseous body allied to chlorine. 

fluoroscope (flo6'er-o-skop), n. a de- 
vice for use in making X-ray ex- 
aminations on a screen covered with 
fluorescent material. 

fluor-spar ('er-spar), n. a trans- 
parent or semi-transparent mineral, 
composed of fluoride of calcium. 
Also fluorite. 

flurry (flur'i), v.t. \.p.t. & p.p. flur- 
ried, p.pr. flurrying], to agitate, 
confuse, or bewilder : n. sudden com- 
motion or excitement ; hurry ; a sud- 
den gust. 

flush (flush), v.t. to cause to blush; 
excite ; clean out with a rush of 
water : drive from cover : said of 
game birds : vA. to blush ; glow : 
n. a sudden rush of water ; flow 
of blood to the face ; sudden ex- 
citement or impulse ; a flock of 
game birds suddenly started ; abun- 
dance ; bloom ; growth ; a hand of 
cards all of the same suit : said of 
cribbage ; a bog or morass : adj. level 
with the surface ; quite full ; abun- 
dant ; plentifully supplied with mon- 
ey ; vigorous: adv. so as to be level. 

flush deck (dek), n. a deck level from 
stem to stern. 

flushing I'ing), n. the act of cleans- 
ing out by a copious flow of water ; 
a glow of red in the face. 

fluster (flus'ter), v.t. to confuse or 
agitate ; hurry : n. agitation or con- 
fusion ; excitement. 

flute (flut), n. a tubular wind-instru- 
ment furnished with finger-holes and 
keys ; a long channel or groove cut 
in the shaft of a column ; crimping 
or furrowing : v.t. to sound as a 
flute ; form parallel grooves or chan- 
nel in ; crimp or furrow. 



fiutina (-te'na), a kind of accordion. 

fluting (flu'ting), n. a channel or 
groove ; fluted work ; a flute-shaped 
crimp. 

flutist ('tist), n. a performer on the 
flute. 

flutter (flut'er), v.i. to move or flap 
the wings rapidly ; move rapidly and 
irregularly ; be in agitation or un- 
certainty : v.t. to throw into con- 
fusion : n. a quick and irregular mo- 
tion ; vibration ; state of excitement 
or anxiety. 

flutter-wheel (-hwel), n. a water- 
wheel connected with a chute. 

fluty (flu'tj), adj. flute-like in tone. 

fluvial (flu'vi-al), adj. pertaining to, 
growing or living in, or caused by, 
rivers. Also fluvatile. 

flux (fluks), n. any flow or issue of 
matter ; flow of the tide ; a substance 
added to assist in the reduction of a 
metal by fusion : v.t. to melt or fuse. 

fluxion (fluk'shun), n. the act of 
flowing or melting ; matter that 
flows : pi. in mathematics, the analy- 
sis of infinitely small variable quan- 
tities. 

fly (fli), v.i. [p.t. flew, p.p. flown, p.^r. 
flying], to move through, or rise in, 
the air with wings ; pass swiftly ; be 
driven through the air ; move rapid- 
ly ; run away ; part with violence ; 
burst ; fade : v.t. to avoid or shun ; 
cause to fly or float in the air ; flut- 
ter : n. [pi. flies (fliz)], a two- 
winged insect of many species, in- 
cluding the house-fly, Musca domes- 
tica ; an artificial fly used in an- 
gling ; a disease in turnips ; a hack- 
ney carriage : adj. wide awake. 

flyblow ('bio), n. the egg or larva 
of a fly : v.t. & v.i. [p.p. flyblown, 
p.pr. flyblowing], to lay eggs in 
meat, &c., and taint it. 

flying ('ing), n. the action of the 
verb to fly: p.adj. adapted for flight ; 
floating ; waving ; brief, or hurried. 

flying-bridge (-brij), n. a tempo- 
rary bridge. 

flying-buttress (-but'res), n. an 
arched brace for strengthening and 
supporting a part of a building 
which rises above the rest. 

flying-fish (-fish), n. a fish with long 
pectoral fins, which has the power 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



fly 



of sustaining itself in the air for a 
short time. 

flying- jib (-jib), n. a sail beyond the 
jib. 

fly-wheel (fli'hwel), n. a heavy 
wheel in a machine which regulates 
its motion. 

foal (fol), n. the young of a horse, 
ass, or camel : v.i. to bring forth 
young : said of a mare, &c. 

foam (fom), n. the white substance 
formed on a liquid by violent agita- 
tion or fermentation ; spume : v.t. to 
cause to foam : v.i. to gather foam ; 
be enraged ; froth. 

fob (fob), n. a small pocket, especial- 
ly for a watch : v.t. to cheat. 

focal (fo'kal), adj. pertaining to, or 
placed at, a focus. 

focal distance (dis'tans), n. the dis- 
tance between the optical center of 
a lens or mirror and the point where 
the rays converge. 

focns (fo'kus), n. [pi. focuses (-ez), 
foci ( 'si ) ] , the point where a sys- 
tem of rays of light or heat meet 
after being reflected or refracted ; 
any central point : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
focused, p.pr. focusing], to bring to 
a focus or center. Also focalize 
(-iz). 

fodder (fod'er), n. food for horses, 
cattle, or sheep ; a weight for lead = 
21 cwt. (Also f other) : v.t. to feed 
with fodder. 

foe (fo), n. a personal enemy; ill- 
wisher ; an adversary in war. 

foebn (fon), n. a warm, dry, Alpine 
wind, prevalent in Switzerland. 

foeman (fo'man), n. [pi. foemen 
('men)], an adversary in war. 

foetal (fe'tal), adj. pertaining to the 
fcptus. 

foeticide ('ti-sid), n. the destruction 
of a foetus in the womb ; criminal 
abortion. 

foetus ('tus), n. the young of vivipa- 
rous animals in the uterus. 

fog (fog), n. condensed watery vapor 
near the surface of the sea or land ; 
bewilderment; a cloud or haze ob- 
scuring a photographic plate; the 
after-grass of autumn ; winter pas- 
ture : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. fogged, p.pr. 
fogging], to become foggy. 



8 foi 

fog-bank ('bangk), n. a dense mass 
of fog at sea, appearing like land in 
the distance. 

foggily (fog'i-li), adv. in a foggy 
manner ; dimly. 

fogginess ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
ing foggy. 

foggy ('i), adj. abounding in, or filled 
with, fog ; bewildered ; obscure ; ob- 
tuse, 

fogy (fo'gi), n. [pi. fogies ('giz)], 
a person of old-fashioned or eccen- 
tric habits. Also fogey, fogie, 

fohat (fo'at), n. a term used in oc- 
cultism to denote the connecting- 
link between mind and matter. 

foible (foi'bl), n. a failing or imper- 
fection in character ; the weakest 
part of the blade in a sword. 

foil (foil), v.t. to baffle or frustrate; 
defeat : n. a long thin fencing weap- 
on with a button on the end; the 
trail of hunted game ; a thin plate, 
or sheet of metal ; a contrast to set 
something off to advantage ; a small 
arc in the tracery of a Gothic win- 
dow, &c. 

foist (foist), v.t. to place in wrong- 
fully or surreptitiously ; palm off 
slyly (with in, into, upon). 

fold (fold), v.t. to bend one part over 
another ; inclose ; wrap up ; shut up 
in a pen or fold : n. a part bent or 
doubled over another ; a plait ; a pen 
for sheep ; a bend of a stratum ; 
flock of sheep ; the Church. 

folder ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, folds ; a name for various in- 
struments or contrivances for fold- 
ing. 

folderol (fol'de-rol), n. mere non- 
sense ; an idle fancy or conceit ; a 
silly trifle. 

folding ('ing), n. the act or process 
of doubling one part over another. 

folding-doors (-dorz), n.pl. a pair 
of doors hung on opposite side-posts 
and meeting in the middle. 

foliaceous (fo'li-a'shus), adj. resem- 
bling, shaped like, or having, leaves ; 
consisting of thin plates or laminae. 

foliage ('li-aj), n. leaves collective- 
ly ; the artistic representation of 
leaves, flowers, &c., as in archi- 
tectural decoration. 

foliated ('li-a-ted), p.adj. beaten. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl 



me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, 
book; hue, hut: think, then. 



north, not; boon. 



fol 



349 



foo 



formed into, or covered with, thin 
plates ; splitting into laminae ; deco- 
rated with leaf-like ornamentation. 

foliation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
leafing ; the act or process of beating 
a metal into thin plates ; lamina- 
tion : said of a ipineral ; the number 
of the leaves of a book. 

folio (fo'li-o), n. a book of the larg- 
est size formed by folding a sheet of 
paper once ; a page of MS. or print- 
ed matter ; the right and left hand 
pages of a ledger, &c. ; in legal doc- 
uments 72 words of MS., 100 words 
in congressional proceedings ; a case 
for music, &c. : adj. having a sheet 
of paper folded once : v.t. to page. 

foliole (fo'li-ol), n. a leaflet. 

f oliose ( 'li-os) , adj. resembling a leaf ; 
covered with leaves. 

folk (folk or fok), n. people in gen- 
eral ; nation or race ; one's relatives. 

folk-lore ('lor), n. popular tradi- 
tions, customs, beliefs, &c. 

folk-song ('song), n. a popular song 
or ballad, illustrative of the common 
life of the people. 

follia (fol-le'a), n. a kind of musical 
composition consisting of varieties 
on a given air. 

follicle (fol'i-kl), n. a seed-vessel; 
a very small tube or cavity ; a sim- 
ple gland. 

follicular (-ik'u-Iar), adj. like a fol- 
licle. 

toUoxfr (fol'o), v.t. to go or come 
after ; pursue ; succeed in order ; ac- 
company ; attend ; espouse the opin- 
ions or cause of ; imitate or conform 
to ; watch or attend to closely ; to 
practice : v.i. to go or come after an- 
other ; result : n. a particular stroke 
in billiards or croquet. 

follo-wer (-er), n. one who follows 
another ; a disciple, attendant, or 
dependent ; one of the same sect or 
party ; a maidservant's sweetheart. 

following ('o-ing), adj. succeeding: 
n. vocation or calling ; disciples or 
adherents collectively. 

folly (fol'i). n. [pi. follies ('iz)], 
want of understanding ; foolishness ; 
unbecoming conduct ; criminal weak- 
ness ; sin. 

foment (fo-ment'), v.t. to bathe with 



warm or medicated liquids ; excite ; 
stir up or instigate. 

fomentation (-men-ta'shun), n. the 
act of fomenting ; warm or medi- 
cated liquids applied to a diseased 
part ; incitement. 

fomes (fo'mez), n. [pi. fomites ('mi- 
tez)], a porous substance, as wool, 
&c., capable of retaining germs, and 
■ thus communicating contagion. 

fond (fond), adj. affectionate; lov- 
ing ; ardently attached or devoted ; 
partial to ; injudiciously, foolishly- 
indulgent (with of). 

fondle (fon'dl), v.t. to caress; treat 
with tenderness ; handle tenderly : 
v.t. to exhibit fondness. 

fondling ('dling), n. one who, or that 
which, is fondled. 

f o n d u (fong-doo') , adj. in calico- 
printing and paper hangings, the 
gradual blending of one color into 
another. 

font (font), n. a stone receptacle to 
hold the water used in baptizing ; a. 
complete assortment of a particular 
kind of type. 

fontal ('al), adj. pertaining to a 
font. 

fontanel (fon'ta-nel), n. one of the 
six open spaces in the skull of an 
infant ; a seton. 

food (food), n. nutriment; material. 

fool (fool), n. a person devoid of rea- 
son or intelligence ; idiot ; one who- 
acts in a foolish manner ; a victim 
or butt ; a compound of crushed 
gooseberries with cream : v.t. to make 
a fool of ; treat with contempt ; dis- 
appoint. 

foolery ('er-i), n. [pi. fooleries (-iz) ],. 
habitual folly ; absurd conduct or 
action. 

foolhardiness ('har-di-nes), n. a 
courage without sense. 

foolhardy ('har-di), adj. foolishly 
bold ; daringly rash ; regardless of 
consequences. 

fooling ('ing), n. foolish speech or 
conduct ; buffoonery ; banter ; idle 
interference. 

foolish ('ish), adj. acting without 
reason or judgment ; weak-minded y 
silly ; ridiculous ; trifling ; contempt- 
ible. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon,, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



foo 



350 



for 



foolisMy (-li), adj. in a foolish man- 
ner, 

foolishness (-nes), n. folly. 

foolscap (foolz'kap), n. a size of pa- 
per about 17 in. X 14 in. : original- 
ly water-marked with the cap and 
bells formerly worn by professional 
jesters. 

foot (foot), n. [pi. feet (fet)], that 
part of the leg on which an anim.al 
walks or stands ; the lower part, 
base, foundation, or end of any- 
thing ; that part of a boot or stock- 
ing which receives the foot ; a meas- 
ure = 12 in. ; infantry soldiers ; a 
certain number of syllables consti- 
tuting part of a verse : v.t. to add a 
foot to, as a stocking ; add fig- 
ures in a column, and place the total 
at the bottom : v.i. to dance ; go on 
foot. 

football ('bawl), n. a large india- 
rubber ball encased in leather, used 
in the game of football. 

footing ('ing), n. ground or support 
for the feet ; tread ; a firm or as- 
sured position ; dance ; an entertain- 
ment given by a new employe, &c., 
to his fellow workmen ; state or con- 
dition. 

footman ('man) , n. [pi. footmen 
('men)], a livery servant who at- 
tends a carriage, waits at table, &c. 

footpad ('pad), n. a highwayman 
who robs on foot. 

foot-pound ('pound), n. the unit of 
energy = work required to raise 1 
lb. through a space of 1 ft. 

foots (footz), n.pl. the sediment of 
oil or sugar. 

fop (fop), n. a dandy; pretentious 
fool. 

foppery ('er-i), n. [pi. fopperies 
(-iz) ], dandyism. 

foppish ('ish), adj. affected in dress 
and manners. 

for (for), prep, in place of; on ac- 
count of ; for the sake of ; notwith- 
standing ; to the number or amount 
of : conj. because ; since : prefix, 
meaning tlioroughly, before, greatly, 
with a privative, or negative force.* 

forage (for'aj), n. food for horses 
and cattle ; a search for provisions : 
v.i. to wan der about in search of 

iite, arm, ask, at, 



provisions : v.t. to supply with for- 
age. 

foraging (-ing), n. the act of search- 
ing for forage. 

foramen (fo-ra'men), n. [pi. foram- 
ina (ram'i-na)], a short passage or 
or opening, as in a bone^ or ovule. 

foraminated (-ram'i-na' ted), adj. 
furnished with small holes or fo- 
ramina. Also foraminate. 

foray (for'a), n. a predatory expedi- 
tion in border warfa,re : v.t. to plun- 
der or ravage. 

forbade, p.t.ot forbid. 

forbear (-bar'), v.t. [p.t. forbore, 
p.p. forborne, p.pr. forbearing], to 
abstain from ; excuse ; spare : v.i. to 
restrain one's self ; be patient : n. an 
ancestor. Also forebear. [Scotch.] 

forbearance ('ans), n. patience; in- 
dulgence ; self-command. 

forbid (-bid'), v.t. [p.t. forbade, p.p. 
forbidden, forbid, p.pr. forbidding], 
to prohibit ; command not to do ; op- 
pose. 

forbidding ('ing), p.adj. repellent; 
disagreeable. 

force (fors), n. active power; vigor; 
strength ; energy ; violence ; power 
to persuade or convince ; validity ; 
legality ; efficacy ; meaning ; troops ; 
armanent ; a trained or organized 
bodj'- ; unlawful violence to property 
or person; any cause that produces, 
or tends to produce, motion, or a 
change of motion, in a body ; a wa- 
terfall : v.t. to compel ; overpower 
by strength ; impel ; push ; press ; 
strain ; cause to grow or ripen by 
artificial means : v.i. to endeavor. 

forced (forst), p.adj. strained; af- 
fected. 

forcemeat (fors'met) , n. meat 
chopped fine and seasoned. 

forceps (for'seps), n. pincers or pli- 
ers for seizing and extracting any- 
thing. 

forcible (for'si-bl), adj. character- 
ized by mental or physical power ; 
vigorous ; violent. 

forcibly ('si-bli), adv. in a forcible 
manner ; vigorously ; violently. 

ford (ford), n. a shallow part of a 
stream, &c., which can be crossed by 
men or animals : v.t. to wade 



; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



?or 



351 



fox 



through, or pass over without swim- 
ming. 

fore, a prefix meaning 'before, in front, 
much used in composition : its mean- 
ing is usually self-evident. 

fore and aft (aft), the entire length 
of a ship. 

forearm (for'arm), n. the arm be- 
tween the wrist and elbow : v.t. to 
prepare for attack or resistancf' be- 
fore the time of need. 

forebear. See under forbear. 

forebode (-bod'), v.i. to presage, es- 
pecially evil ; feel a presentiment 
of: vA. to foretell (evil). 

forebo"w ('bo), n. the pommel of a 
saddle. 

forecast ('kast), n. a previous con- 
trivance ; foresight ; prediction of the 
weather: v.t. (for-kast'), to plan or 
calculate beforehand ; foresee ; pre- 
dict. 

forecastle (fok'sl), n. the part of a 
vessel forward of the foremost, where 
the seamen take their meals and 
sleep. 

foreclose (for-kloz'), v.t. to cut off 
from the right of redemption : said 
of a mortgage. 

forefather {'IMli-ev) , n, a male an- 
cestor. 

Forefather's Day ('ia.-theTZ da), n. 
Dec. 21, the day when the Pilgrim 
Fathers landed at Plymouth, Mass., 
1620 : observed as an anniversary in 
New England, &c. 

foregather (-ga/7i'er), v.i. to assem- 
ble; associate (with with). 

forego (-go'), v.t. [p.t. forewent, p.p. 
foregone, p.pr. foregoing], to re- 
nounce or refrain from ; give up : 
v.t. precede. 

forehead (for'ed), n. that part of the 
face between the eyes and the hair ; 
brow. 

foreign (for'en), adj. belonging to 
another nation or country ; alien ; 
exotic ; extraneous ; remote. 

for el ('el), n. a kind of parchment 
used for covers of books. 

foreland (for'land), n. point of land 
projecting into the sea ; headland. 

forelock ('lok), n. a lock of hair 
growing on the forehead ; a linchpin. 

foreman ('man), n. [pi. foremen 



('men)], the spokesman of a jury; 
an overseer. 

foremost ('most), adj. chief; first. 

forensic (fo-ren'sik) , adj. pertaining 
to, or used in, courts of justice or 
public debate. 

forensic medicine (med'i-sin), n. 
medical jurisprudence. 

forereach (for-rech'), v.t, to gain 
upon : v.i. to forge ahead in stays : 
said of a vessel. 

forerun (-run'), v.t. [p.t. foreran, 
p.p. forerun, p.pr. forerunning], to 
run before ; precede ; announce. 

forerunner ('er), n. a messenger 
sent before ; herald ; something that 
precedes a person or event. 

foresail ('sal), n. a large square sail, 
the principal one on the foremast. 

foreshore ('shor), n. that part of a 
beach or shore situated between the 
high and low water marks. 

foreshorten (-short'n), v.t. to depict 
(figures as they appear to the eye 
when viewed obliquely) so as to 
convey the impression of full length. 

foreskin ('skin), n. the prepuce. 

forespeech ('spech), n. a preface. 

forest (for 'est), n. a large extent of 
ground covered with trees ; wood- 
land ; an uncultivated tract of land, 
more or less covered with trees and 
undergrowth : adj. pertaining to a 
forest ; rustic ; sylvan : v.t. to cover 
with trees or forest. 

forestall (-stawl'), v.t. to be before- 
hand with ; anticipate ; buy up in 
advance. 

forestay ('sta), n. a strong rope 
reaching from the foremast-head to 
the bow of a vessel to strengthen 
the foremast. 

forester (for'est-er), n. one skilled 
in forestry, or an officer who has 
charge of a forest ; an inhabitant of 
a forest or wild region. ( 

forestry ('est-ri), n. the art of cul- 
tivating forests or managing timber. 

foretop (for'top), n. the platform at 
the head of a foremast. 

foretopmast (-mast), n. the mast 
immediately above the foremast. 

forewind ('wind), n. a favorable 
wind. 

forfeit (for'fit), n. a fine or penalty: 



&te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; b5on. 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



4for 



352 



fox 



v.i. to lose (some position, right, or 
advantage) by breach of conditions, 
omission, or conduct : adj. alienated 
or lost. 

forfeiture ('fi-ttir), n. the act of for- 
feiting ; that which is forfeited ; pen- 
alty. 

forfend (-fend'), v.t. to ward off. 

■£org;ave,_ p.t. of forgive. 

forge (forj and forj), v.t. to fashion 
(a piece of metal) by heating and 
hammering ; form into shape ; in- 
vent ; counterfeit, with intent to de- 
fraud ; impel forward : v.i. to be 
guilty of the crime of forgery ; go 
slowly or with difficulty : n. an open 
fire in which a blacksmith heats 
irons by forced draught, and fash- 
ions the metal while hot ; a place 
where metal is forged ; smithy ; 
workshop. 

forgeable ('a-bl), adj. capable of 
being forged. 

€orger ('er), n. one who commits the 
crime of forgery ; a fabricator. 

forgery (-i), n. the act of counter- 
feiting the handwriting of another 
with intent to defraud; the act of 
counterfeiting coin. 

forget (for-gef), v.t. [p.t, forgot: 
p.p. forgotten, p.pr. forgetting], to 
lose the remembrance of ; overlook 
or neglect ; slight. 

^orgetable ('a-bl), adj. liable to be 
forgotten. 

■forgetful ('fool), adj. apt to forget; 
careless ; negligent ; heedless. 

iforgetfuUy (-li), adv. in a forgetful 
manner. 

^orgetfulness (-nes), n. the quality 
of being forgetful ; loss of remem- 
brance ; neglect. 

forget-me-not ('me-not), n. a per- 
ennial plant with small bright sky- 
blue flowers. 

forgivable (-giv'a-bl), adj. that may 
be forgiven. 

forgive (-giv'), v.t. [p.t. forgave, p.p. 
forgiven, p.pr, forgiving], to par- 
don ; remit, as a sin, offense, debt, 
&c. : v.i. to exhibit forgiveness. 

forgiveness ('nes), n, pardon; re- 
mission. 

forgotten, p.p. of forget. 

fork (fork), n. an instrument with 
two or more prongs; anything re- 



sembling, or branching like, a fork ; 
the branch or space caused by the 
junction of two roads or rivers : v.t. 
to raise, throw, or dig with a fork ; 
steal : v.i. to branch off. 

forked (forkt), adj. shaped like a 
fork ; opening into two or more 
parts ; zigzag, as lightning. 

forlorn (-lorn'), adj. abandoned; de- 
serted ; destitute ; miserable ; bereft ; 
hopeless. 

forlorn-kope (-hop), n. a body of 
men detached for some service of ex- 
ceptional peril ; a hopeless enter- 
prise. 

form (form), n. the external appear- 
ance or shape of anything ; image ; 
likeness : orderly arrangement ; beau- 
ty ; symmetry ; determinate shape or 
structure ; established practice, or 
ritual ; a mold or pattern ; an offi- 
cial formula ; a long bench without 
a back ; a class ; state of high con- 
dition or fitness ; the bed or seat of 
a hare ; types, plates, &c., imposed in 
a chase ready for printing (forme) : 
v.t. to give shape to; create; mold 
to a particular pattern ; conceive or 
imagine ; constitute ; devise ; adjust : 
v.i. to take shape. 

formal ('al), adj. according to form 
or established rules ; precise ; cere- 
monious ; conventional ; essential ; 
having the outward form without 
the inward reality. 

formaldehyde (form-al'de-hid), n. a 
gas obtained by the partial oxida- 
tion of methyl alcohol, used largely 
as a disinfectant and as an anti- 
septic. 

formalin (form'al-in), n. a 40 per 
cent solution of formaldehyde, used 
for preserving specimens for biolog- 
ical work. Also formol. 

formalism (-izm), n. exact and scru- 

, pulous observance of outward forms 
and conventional usages, especially 
in religious duties. 

formalist (-ist), n. a scrupulous ob- 
server of outward forms. 

formality ('i-ti), n. [pi. formalities 
(-tiz)], strict adherence to external 
or customary forms ; ceremony ; 
method or mode. 

formally (-li), adv. in a formal man- 
ner. 

^te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, */ien. 




FUNGI II. 

(All illustrations at] 

1. False Egg or Chantarelle Mushroom (Orange Crinkled). — 2. Devil Fungus. — 3. Tuberous Mushrcl 
8. Witches' Fungus. — 9. Thick Base Fungus. — 10. Little Horn Fungus. — 11. Fly Agaric or Mushroom; 




FUNGI 
iths natural size) , 

inge Apple. — 5. Green Agaric or Mushroom. — 6. Poisonous Mushroom. — 7. Satan s Fungus. 

[ur Top. 



for 



353 



foi 



formate (for 'mat), n. a salt of for- 
mic acid. 

formation (-ma'shun), n. the act of 
forming ; that which is formed ; 
structure ; figure ; production ; a 
group of strata of nearly the same 
age having certain common charac- 
teristics. 

formative ('ma-tiv), adj. giving or 
serving to form ; plastic ; germinal : 
n. a word formed by adding a pre- 
fix, or suffix. 

former ( 'mer ) , adj. preceding in time 
or place ; first mentioned : n. a mak- 
er ; author. 

formierly (-li), adv. anciently; some 
time ago. 

formic ('mik), adj. pertaining to, or 
produced by, ants ; derived from 
formic acid. 

formic acid (as'id), n. a colorless 
corrosive acid consisting of oxygen, 
hydrogen, and carbon, obtained from 
oxalic acid and glycerine : originally 
obtained from the bodies of red ants. 

formiicant ('mi-kant), adj. weak: 
said of the pulse. 

formication (-mi-ka'shun), n. irri- 
tation of the skin, resembling that 
made by the creeping of ants. 

formidable ( 'mid-a-bl ) , adj. exciting 
dread ; fearful ; powerful. 

formidably (-li), adv. in a formid- 
able manner. 

formula ('ti-la), n. [pi. formulas 
(-laz), formulae (-le)], a prescribed 
form, rule, or model ; a group of 
symbols, expressing the composition 
of a chemical compound ; a formal 
statement of faith or doctrine ; a 
prescription ; the expression of a 
rule by algebraic symbols. 

formulary (-ri) , n. [pi. formularies 
(-riz)], a book of stated and pre- 
scribed forms, or of prayers, ritual, 
&c. ; a formula. 

formulate ('u-lat), v.t. to put into 
the form of, or reduce to, a formula ; 
fix or state, in definite terms. 

formyl ('il), n. the hypothetical base 
of formic acid. 

fornicate (forn'i-kat), v.i. to com- 
mit fornication : od;. arched ; vaulted. 

fornication (-i-ka'shun), n. the illic- 
it sexual intercourse of unmarried 



persons; adultery; idolatry; an 
arching or vaulting. 

fornix _ (for'niks), n. [pi. fornices 
('ni-sez)], in anatomy, an arch- 
shaped part; the upper shell of an 
oyster. 

forsake (-sak'), v.t. [p.t. forsook, p.p, 
forsaken, p.pr. forsaking], to leave; 
desert ; abandon ; depart from. 

forsooth (-sooth'), adv. verily; in 
truth. 

forswear (-swar'), v.i. [p.t. forswore, 
p.p. forsworn, p.pr. forswearing], to 
swear falsely ; commit perjury : v.t. 
to deny on oath ; abjure. 

fort (fort), n. an inclosed fortified 
place ; castle ; fortress. 

fortalice ('a-lis), n. a small fort, or 
fortified outwork. 

forte (fort), n. one's strong point, or 
special talent. 

forth (forth), adv. onward in time, 
place, or order; forward; abroad; 
away. 

forthcoming (-kum'ing), adj. ready, 
or about to appear : n. a coming 
forth. 

forthwith (-wiif^,), adv. immediately. 

fortieth (for'ti-eth), adj. next in or- 
der after 39th: n. one of 40 equal 
parts. 

fortification (-ti-f i-ka'shun), n. th& 
art or science of fortifying ; a mili- 
tary defensive work ; a strengthen- 
ing. 

fortifier ('ti-fi-er), n. one who forti- 
fies. 

fortify Cti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. forti- 
fied, p.pr. fortifying], to strengthen 
against attack by military works ; 
make strong ; encourage or confirm : 
v.i. to erect works of defense. 

fortitude ( 'ti-tud ) , n. mental strength 
to endure suffering or adversity with 
courage ; patient endurance. 

fortnight (fort'nit), n. 14 days. 

fortnightly (-li), adv. once every 14 
days. 

fortress ('res), n. a large permanent 
fortified place for defense or secur- 
ity ; castle. 

fortuitous (-tti'i-tus), adj. happen- 
ing by chance ; accidental. 

fortuity ('i-ti), n. [pi. fortuities 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; bden, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



for 



354 



ton 



(-tiz)], an accidental occurrence; 
chance. 

fortunate ('tti-nat), adj, happening 
by good fortune ; lucky ; auspicious ; 
successful. 

fortunately (-li), adv. luckily; au- 
spiciously. 

fortune ('tCm), n. the good or ill 
that happens to mankind ; chance ; 
fate ; estate ; wealth ; possessions ; 
future destiny. 

fortune-liTiiater .(-liun'ter), n. one 
who seeks to marry an heiress, or 
wealthy woman. 

forty ('ti), adj. one more than 39: n. 
the sum of 10 and 30. 

forum (for'um), n. [pi. fora ('a), 
forums ('umz)], the public place of 
meeting in ancient Rome, where the 
law courts, public offices, &c., were 
situated : hence a place of public re- 
sort, or court of law. 

forward (for'werd), adv. onward; in 
advance ; toward the forepart : adj. 
situated near the front ; early in sea- 
son or preparation ; ready ; prompt ; 
presumptuous ; unreserved ; not over 
modest ; eager ; earnest ; imperti- 
nent : inter j. on ! v.t. to help for- 
ward ; quicken or hasten ; improve ; 
transmit. 

forwardness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being forward; imperti- 
nence ; pertness. 

forwarder (-er), n. one who for- 
wards or promotes ; a merchant who 
transmits goods ; the workman who 
forwards the rough work in book- 
binding to the finisher. 

forwards. Another form of forward, 
adv. 

fossil (fos'il), n. any organic body 
which by burial in the earth's strata 
has become petrified ; a person an- 
tiquated in his ideas : adj. pertain- 
ing to, of the nature of, or converted 
into, a fossil ; dug from the earth ; 
antiquated. 

fossiliferous (-if'er-us), adj. con- 
taining fossils. 

fossilize (-Iz), v.t. to petrify: v.i. to 
become antiquated. 

foster ('ter), v.t. to nourish; nurse; 
rear up ; sustain or support ; cherish. 

foster-brother (-brut/i'er), n. a 
brother by nursing, but not by birth. 



foster-child (-child), n. a child 
nursed or reared by one who is not 
its parent. 

f other. Same as fodder. 

fought, p.t. & p.p. of fight. 

foul (foul), adj. offensive, morally or 
physically ; dirty ; impure ; scurril- 
ous ; filthy ; hateful ; loathsome ; dis- 
graceful ; unfair ; cloudy and stormy ; 
contrary, as a wind ; thick with 
weeds, &c. ; entangled, as an anchor : 
n. a wilful collision : v.t. to make 
foul or dirty ; sully or defile ; come 
into collision with : v.i. to become 
foul or dirty. 

foulard (foo-lard'), n. a light silk, or 
silk-cotton washable dress fabric ; a 
silk handkerchief for wear round the 
neck or head. 

foumart ('mart), n. the pole-cat. 

found, p.t. & p.p. of find. 

found (found), v.t. to lay the basis 
of ; build ; fix firmly ; establish ; orig- 
inate ; form by melting a metal and 
pouring it into a mold ; cast. 

foundation (foun-da'shun), ii. the 
basis or lowest part of a structure ; 
groundwork ; the principles or origin 
of anything ; an endowment or en- 
dowed institution ; the first stitches 
in knitting or crocheting. 

founder (foun'der) , n. one who 
founds or originates ; builder ; one 
who casts metal : v.t. to sink by fill- 
ing with water ; disable or make 
lame : said of a horse : v.i. to fill and 
sink ; go lame. 

foundling (found'ling), n. a child 
found whose parent is unknown. 

foundry ('ri), n. [pi. foundries 
('riz)], the place where metal cast- 
ing is carried on. 

fount (fount), n. a fountain or 
spring ; original source. 

fountain (foun'tan), n. a natural or 
artificial spring of water ; the head 
or source of a river ; a jet or spout 
of water ; the first cause or origin. 

fountain-head (-hed), n. the spring 
from which a stream flows ; the first 
source. 

fountain-pen, n. a pen having a 
reservoir of ink in the holder. 

four (for), adj. consisting of 1 more 
than 3 ; a cardinal numeral : n. the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nDrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



fon 



355 



fra 



sum of 3 and 1 ; a four-oared boat, 

or its crew. 
fourcliette (foor-shet'), n. a forked 

surgical instrument ; the wish-bone 

of a bird ; the frog of a horse's foot. 
fourfold (for'fold), n. a quantity 

four times as much : adj. four times 

told. 
fourgon (foor-gohg'), n. a military 

ammunition wagon, or baggage car- 
riage. 
Fourierism (foo'ri-er-izm), n. the 

socialistic and cooperative system 

advocated by Fourier, the French 

socialist. 
four-in-liand (for'in-hand), n. a 

coach drawn by four horses and 

driven by one person ; a necktie, worn 

tied in a knot so as to leave the ends 

hanging vertically : adv. with a team 

of four horses. 
fourneau (foor-no'), n. the chamber 

of a mint in which the powder is 

placed. 
four-o'clock ('o-klok), n. a flower, 

the Marvel of Peru. 
fourscore ('skor), adj. 80. 
fourteen ('ten), adj. consisting of 4 

more than 10 : n. the sum of 4 and 10. 
fourteentli ('tenth), adj. fourth in 

order after 10th : n. one of 14 equal 

parts. 
fourth, (forth), adj. next in order 

after third : n. one of 4 equal parts ; 

a musical interval of two tones and 

one semitone. 
Fourtli, n. the fourth day of July ; 

Independence Day. 
fourthly ('li), adv. in the fourth 

place. 
fovilla (f6-vira),'M. the gummy fer- 
tilizing protoplasmic liquid of pollen 

grain. 
fowl (foul), n. a gallinaceous bird, 

especially the domestic cock or hen ; 

poultry ; birds collectively : v.i. to 

catch or kill wild birds for sport or 

food. 
fowler ('er), n. one who catches or 

kills wild birds for sport or food. 
fowling ('ing), n. the act or practice 

of catching or shooting wild birds. 
fowling-piece (-pes), n. a light gun 

used for ordinary sporting. 
foz (foks), n. a canine mammal with 



a long bushy tail, belonging to the 
genus Vulpes, notorious for its cun- 
ning : hence a sly, cunning person ; 
a small strand of rope, formed by 
twisting several rope-yarns together : 
v.t. to make sour, or turn reddish ; 
repair : said of boots ; watch slyly : 
v.i. to turn sour or become reddish ; 
act as a spy. 

fox-bats ('batz), n. a genus of bats 
with a fox-like head. 

fox-hrush ('brush), n. the tail of a 
fox. 

foxed (fokst), p.adj. stained, as tim- 
ber, or spotted, as prints, books, &c., 
with a reddish discoloration ; re- 
paired with leather : said of a boot. 

foxglove Cgluv), n. a plant of the 
genus Digitalis, especially the purple 
foxglove, the leaves of which are 
used medicinally. 

fox-grape ('grap), n, a variety of 
grape. 

foxhound ('hound), n. one of a breed 
of dogs used for fox-hunting. 

foxiness ('i-nes), n. sly cunning, or 
shrewdness ; the state of being de- 
cayed, or sour. 

fox-squirrel ( 'skwer-el) , n. the North 
American tree squrrel. 

foxtail ('tal), n. the name of various 
species of grass ; the tail of a fox. 

foxy ('i), adj. pertaining to, or re- 
sembling, a fox ; cunning ; crafty ; 
reddish-brown ; soured ; discolored. 

foyer (fwa-ya'), n. the lobby of a 
theater. 

fracas (fra'kas), n. a noisy quarrel. 

fraction (frak'shun), n. a part bro- 
ken off ; act of breaking ; the state of 
being broken ; a part of a unit, as %. 

fractional (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or constituting, a fraction; very 
small. 

fractious ('shus), adj. unruly; cross. 

fracture ('tur) n. a part broken; a 
break caused by violence ; separa- 
tion ; the direction in which a min- 
eral breaks so as to show its texture : 
v.t. to break, or crack, as a bone, &c. 

fragile (fraj'-il), adj. easily broken; 
weak ; delicate. 

fragilely (-li), adv. in a fragile man- 
ner. 

fragileness (-nes), n. the state of 
being fragile. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



fra 



356 



fra 



fragility (fra-jil'i-ti), n. the state of 
being fragile. 

fragment (frag'ment), n. a part 
broken off from a whole ; an imper- 
fect part. 

fragmental (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or composed of, fragments, discon- 
nected ; made of parts of preexistent 
rock ; conglomerate. Also fragmen- 
tary. 

fragxuentation (-ta'shun), n. fis- 
sion. 

fragrance (fra'grans), n. the state 
or quality of being fragrant. Also 
fragrancy. 

fragrant ('grant), adj. sweet-smell- 
ing. 

frail (frai), adj. fragile; brittle; 
weak, physically or morally ; infirm : 
n. a basket made of rushes. 

fraise (fraz), n. palisading formed 
of inclined or horizontal stakes. 

framable (fram'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being framed. 

frame (fram), n. something con- 
structed or composed of parts fitted 
and joined together ; that on which 
anything is held or stretched ; any 
contrivance for inclosing, admitting, 
or supporting something ; a compos- 
itor's stand ; an inclined table of 
planks for washing ore ; shape ; 
temper ; state : v.t. to fit (one thing) 
into another ; shape or form ; adjust 
or regulate ; invent ; adapt : v.i. to 
wash ore on a frame. 

frame-bridge ('brij), n. a timber 
bridge. 

framer ('er), n. one who frames; a 
contriver. 

framework ('werk), n. that which 
incloses or supports something else. 

franc (frangk), n. sl French coin, the 
unit of monetary value — 19.3 cents. 

/^franchise (fran'chiz), n. the consti- 
tutional right of suffrage ; a particu- 
lar privilege or right granted by a 
sovereign or by a legislative body to 
an individual, or to a corporation ; 
the district or jurisdiction to which 
a particular privilege extends. 
Franco, a form used in composition 
to denote France, or French, as the 
Franco-German war. 
francolin (frang'ko-lin), n. a bird al- 
lied to the partridge. 



frangibility (franj-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being frangible. 

frangible ('i-bl), adj. easily broken. 

frank (frangk), adj. open or ingenu- 
ous ; candid ; outspoken ; unreserved : 
n. a signature that exempts maii- 
matter from payment of postage ; a 
letter privileged to go post-free : v.t. 
to send or have conveyed free of 
charge. 

frankincense ('in-sens), n. a fra- 
grant inflammable resin burnt as in- 
cense. 

frankly ('li), adv. candidly, openly. 

frankness ( 'nes ) , n. candor ; open- 
ness. 

frantic (fran'tik), adj. violently mad 
or distracted ; outrageous ; trans- 
ported by passion. 

frantically (-al-li), adv. in a frantic 
manner. 

frap (frap), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. f rapped, 
p.pr. frapping], to strengthen or 
draw together by ropes crossing each 
other ; undergird. 

frappe (-pa'), adj. chilled with ice. 

fraternal ( f ra-ter'nal ) , adj. pertain- 
ing to, becoming, or like, brothers. 

fraternally (-li) , adv. in a fraternal 
manner. 

fraternize (frat'er-niz), v.i. to asso 
ciate or hold fellowship as brothers, 

fraternity (fra-ter'ni-ti). ;i. [pi. fra- 
ternities (-tiz)], brotherly relation- 
ship ; a body of men associated to- 
gether by a common bond of inter- 
est, especially of a religious charac- 
ter ; men of the same profession or 
class. 

fratricide (frat'ri-sid), n. the crime 
of killing a brother ; one who kills a 
brother. 

fraud (frawd), n. deceit; artifice: 
trick ; cheat ; a humbug. 

fraudulence ('ti-lens), n. deceitful- 
ness ; trickery ; unfairness. 

fraudulent ('ti-lent), adj. character- 
ized by, founded on, or obtained by, 
fraud. 

fraugkt (frawt), adj. laden ; charged. 

fraxin (fraks'in), n. a crystalline 
substance obtained from the bark of 
the ash tree. Also fraxinin. 

fray (fra) , n. a riot ; quarrel ; a chafe 
or rub : v.t. to chafe or wear away. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



fra 



151 



fre 



fraying ('ing), n. the act of wearing 

away by friction ; the peeling off of 
the velvet of a deer's horn. 

freak (frek), n. sudden or capricious 
change of mind, or whim ; a prank ; 
an abnormal animal or plant : v.t. 
to variegate ; spot or streak. 

freckle (frek'l), n. a brownish spot 
in the skin : v.t. to mark with frec- 
kles : v.i. to become freckled. 

freckly ('li), adj. marked with frec- 
kles. 

free (fre), adj. [comp. freer, superl. 
freest], without restraint; at liber- 
ty ; permitted ; liberal ; generous ; 
open ; free from guilt ; independent ; 
familiar ; licentious ; not arbitrary 
or despotic ; spirited ; not attached 
or fixed ; uncombined ; invested with 
the franchise, &c. (with of) : v.t. to 
set at liberty ; emancipate ; rid or 
exempt ; clear : adv. gratuitously. 

free-board ('bord), n. that part of 
the side of a ship between the upper 
side of the deck and the water-line. 

freebooter ('boot-er), n. one who 
roves about for plunder or pillage ; 
buccaneer. 

free city (sit'i), n. a city having an 
independent franchise and govern- 
ment. 

freedxuan (fred'man), n. \_pl. freed- 
men ('men)], a slave who has been 
legally emancipated. 

freedom (fre'dum), n. the state of 
being free ; liberty ; independence ; 
ease in performance ; particular 
privilege ; absence of conventionali- 
ty ; undue familiarity. 

free-band ('hand), adj. drawn by 
the hand without the aid of instru- 
ments. 

free-banded (-ed), adj. generous; 
liberal. 

freebold ('hold), n. an estate or ten- 
ement held by fee-simple, fee-tail, or 
for life. 

free-lance ('lans), n. one of a class 
of mediaeval soldiers who sold their 
services to fight for the highest bid- 
der ; one who acts, speaks, or writes 
irrespective of any party. 

freeman ('man), n. {pi. freemen 
('men)], one in the enjoyment of 
liberty ; one possessed of certain 
franchises or municipal pr^n'leges. 



Freemason ('ma-sn), n. a member of 
a secret society in the Middle Ages, 
consisting formerly of skilled crafts- 
men, now a social association pro- 
fessing principles of brotherly love, 
charity, and mutual aid. 

Freemasonry (-ri), n. the system, 
rites, &c,, of the Freemasons. 

free port (port), n. a port where no 
duties are levied on merchandise. 

Free-soil ('soil), adj. opposed to the* 
extension of slavery : said of the 
party formed at Boston, United 
States, 1848, to restrict slavery. 

freestone ('ston), n. a sandstone 
suitable for working. 

freetbinker ('thingk-er), n. one who 
forms his opinions independently of 
others ; one who rejects revelation 
in religion, and dogmatic belief ; a 
latitudinarian. 

free trade (trad), n, trade with other 
countries unrestricted by tariffs or 
customs duties. 

free-ivill ('wil), adj. voluntary; 
holding the theological doctrine that 
man is free to exercise his will for 
good or evil. 

freezable (frez'a-bl), adj. that may 
be frozen. 

freeze (frez), v.t. [p.t. froze, p.p. 
frozen, p.pr. freezing], to congeal or 
harden into ice ; kill by cold : v.i. to 
be congealed with cold ; be chilled 
with cold ; be at or below the tem- 
perature of 32°. 

freezing-point ('ing-point), n. 32° 
above 0° in the Fahrenheit scale 
(0° Centigrade), at which water 
freezes. 

freigbt (frat), n. the goods with 
which a vessel is loaded ; cargo ; 
goods carried by rail ; the sum paid 
or charged for the conveyance of 
goods : adj. used for conveying 
goods : v.t. to load with goods for 
conveyance ; hire or charter. 

freigbtage ('aj), n. charge for 
freight ; cargo. 

freigbt-car ('kar), n. a railway car 
for transporting freight. 

freigbter ('er), n. one who freights 
a ship or car ; shipper ; a vessel for 
conveying freight, 

French (french), adj. pertaining to 
France, its inhabitants, or language. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boop^ 
book : hue. hut ; think, th^n. 



fre 



358 



fri 



frencMfy ('i-fl), v. Ip.t. & p.p. 
frenchified, p.pr. frenchifying], to 
infect with French manners, char- 
acteristics, or customs. 

fremcli leave- (-lev), n. departure 
without ceremony or notice. 

frenzied (fren'zid), p. adj. affected 
with frenzy ; delirious. 

frenzy ('zi), n. {pi. frenzies ('ziz)], 

" violent agitation ; temporary mad- 
ness ; fury : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. fren- 
•^ied, p.pr. frenzying], to throw into 

^ a frenzy ; render mad. 

frequency (fre'kwen-si), n. the re- 
peated occurrence of a thing at 
short intervals. 

frequent ('kwent), adj. recurring 
often: v.t. (fre-kwenf) to resort to, 
or visit often. 

frequentative ('ta-tiv), adj. in 
grammar, noting repetition, as cer- 
tain verbs. 

frequently (-li), adv. often; repeat- 
edly. 

fresco (fres'ko), n. [pi. frescos, fres- 
coes ('koz)], a method of wall- 
painting in water-colors on fresh 
plaster : v.t. to decorate or paint in 
fresco. 

fresh (fresh), adj. new; recent; un- 
faded ; uninjured by time ; in good 
condition ; not forgotten ; healthy ; 
strong and active ; not wearied ; live- 
ly ; brisk ; pure and cool ; not salt ; 
inexperienced ; intoxicated : n. a 
spring ; freshet ; the union of fresh 
and salt water in a river. 

freshen ('en), v.t. to make fresh; 
render less salt; revive; slacken (a 
rope) to relieve the part exposed to 
friction : v.i. to become vigorous ; 
grow fresh ; lose saltness. 

freshet ('et), n. a flood caused by 
melting snow or heavy rain. 

freshman ('man), n. [pi. freshmen 
('men)], a college student in his 
first year. 

fresh- water ('waw-ter), adj. per- 
taining to, living in, found in, or 
formed in, fresh water ; accustomed 
to river navigation or the coasting 
trade. 

fret (fret), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. fretted, 
p.pr. fretting], to wear away by fric- 
tion ; injure by rubbing ; corrode ; 
agitate ; vex ; irritate ; make rough 



on the surface ; ornament with 
raised or interlaced work ; varie- 
gate : v.i. to be worn away by fric- 
tion or corrosion ; be agitated or 
irritated ; utter peevish complaints : 
n. the act or process of fretting ; an 
ornament formed by small bands or 
fillets interlacing each other at right 
angles ; perforated or interlaced or- 
namental work ; an agitation on the 
surface of a liquid ; chafing, or irri- 
tation ; a small piece of ivory or 
wood on the keyboard of certain 
stringed instruments. 

fretful ( 'fool ) , adj. peevish ; irri- 
tated. 

fret-saw ('saw), n. a long, thin, nar- 
row saw with fine teeth, used for 
cutting frets. 

frette (-ta'), adj. decorated with fret- 
work. Also fretted. 

fretwork ('werk), n. carved, raised, 
or open ornamental work. 

friability ( f rl-a-bil'i-ti ) , n. the state 
or quality of being friable. Also 
friableness. 

friable ('a-bl), adj. readily crum- 
bled, or reduced to powder. 

friar ('er), n. one of a mendicant 
order of monks in the Roman Cath- 
olic 'Church. 

friary (-ri), n. a raonastery. 

fricassee (frik-a-se'), n. a dish of , 
chicken, rabbit, or other meat cut 
into small pieces, stewed and fried 
with gravy or sauce : v.t. to make 
into, or dress like, a fricassee. 

fricative ('a-tiv), n. a name for cer- 
tain letters, as th, sh, zh, produced 
by the friction of the breath issuing 
through the narrow aperture of the 
organs of articulation. 

friction ('shun), n. the act of rub- 
bing ; attrition ; resistance to the 
motion of a body, caused by contact 
with the surface upon which it 
moves ; the act of rubbing to stimu- 
late the circulation of the blood ves- 
sels ; irritation or disagreement 
caused by divergence of opinion. 

frictional (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or produced by, friction. 

Friday (fri'da), n. the sixth day of 
the week : named from the Scandi- 
navian deity Frigga, the goddess of 
love. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ] boon; 
book ; hue, but ; think, then. 



fri 



859 



£rt 



fried, p.t. & p.p. of fry. 

friend (frend), n. one attached to 
another by affection, regard, or es- 
teem ; an intimate acquaintance ; a 
supporter or favorer of a cause, 
\ &c. ; an ally ; a term of salutation. 

Friend, w. a member of the Society 
of Friends. 
: friendliness ('li-nes), n. the state 

or quality of being friendly. 

' friendly ('li), adj. pertaining to a 

friend ; having the characteristics 

of a friend ; amicable ; affable ; gen- 

1 ial ; convenient ; favorable : adv. 

I amicably. 

friendship ('ship), n. intimacy; 
united with affection or esteem ; mu- 
tual attachment ; good-v^ill. 

Triesian (fre'zian), adj. pertaining 
to Friesland, its inhabitants, or its 
language. Also Frisian. 

frieze (frez), n. the middle part of 
the entablature of a column between 
the architrave and cornice : usually 
ornamented with sculpture, &c. ; a 
coarse woolen cloth with a rough 
shaggy nap on one side. 

frigate (frig'at), n. formerly a war- 
ship with an upper flush deck, car- 
rying from 24 to 50 guns. 

frigate-bird (-herd), n. a swift rap- 
torial bird allied to the pelican. 

frigeratory (frij'er-a-to-ri), n. a 
cooling or refrigerating chamber. 

fright (frit), n. a sudden and vio- 
lent fear ; alarm ; a person whose 
dress or appearance is ridiculous. 

frighten ('n), v-t. to terrify. 

frightful ('fool), a (Zy. terrible; dread- 
ful ; alarming ; shocking ; grotesque. 

frightfully (-li), adv. terribly; gro- 
tesquely. 

frigid (frij'id), adj. without warmth ; 
wintery ; cold in temperament ; stiff ; 
formal ; dull. 

frigidity (fri-jid'i-ti), n. the state of 
being frigid ; coldness. 

frijole (fre-hol'), n. a bean much 
cultivated in Mexico as an article 
of food. 

frill ^ ( f ril ) , n. a pleated or crimped 
edging of fine linen to a garment, 
as a shirt front, &c. ; ruffle : pi. af- 
fectation of manner ; ornamentation 
of dress, &c. : v.i. to ruffle or shiver 



the feathers with cold : said of a 
hawk : v.t. to make into a frill. 

frilling ('ing), n. gathered trimming 
or edging for garments, 

fringe (frinj), n. an ornamental bor- 
der of hanging cords, &c. ; any bor- 
der or edging resembling a fringe : 
v.t. to border with, or as with, a 
fringe. 

fringy ('ji), adj. fringe-like. 

frippery (frip'er-i), n. old clothes 
or furniture ; the place where old 
clothes are sold ; trade in second- 
hand clothes : adj. trumpery ; con- 
temptible. 

frisk (frisk), v.i. to gambol or dance 
in frolic : n. a gambol, dance, or 
frolic. 

frisket (fris'ket), n. a light frame 
for holding down the sheet while 
the impression is being printed. 

f riskiness ('ki-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being frisky. 

frisky ('ki), adj. lively in action; 
sprightly ; gay ; frolicsome. 

frit (frit ) , n. the mixture of sand 
and fluxes from which glass is made 
after being calcined and baked in a 
furnace prior to fusion : v.t. [p.t. &. 
p.p. fritted, p.pr fritting], to decom- 
pose and melt partially. 

frit-fly ('fli), n. a small fly injurious: 
to wheat. 

frith (frith), n. an inlet of the sea. 
at the mouth of a river ; estuary- 
[Scotch]. Also firth; a kind of weit 
for capturing fish. 

fritter (frit'er), v.t. to waste by de- 
grees ; cut up as meat into small 
pieces for frying : n. a small piece 
of meat cut for frying ; a small cake 
with meat or fruit in it. 

frivolity (fri-vol'i-ti), n. [pi. frivoli- 
ties (-tiz)], levity; a trifling act, 
thought, or action. 

frivolous (friv'o-lus), adj. trifling; 
trivial ; petty ; silly ; inclined to 
levity. 

frizette (fri-zef), n. a small 'piece of 
hair worn as a bang. Also fri- 
sette. 

frizz (friz), v.t. to curl or crisp; 
form into little hard burrs : said of 
the nap of cloth : n. that which is 
frizzed, as hair. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



fri 3 

frizzle (friz'l), v.t. to curl on hot 

coals ; curl or frizz : n. a crisped 
lock of hair. 

fro ( f ro ) , adv. away from ; backward. 

frock (frok), n. a loose upper gar- 
ment worn by children and women ; 
dress ; a monk's habit ; a coarse 
over-garment worn by laborers, &c. ; 
an undress regimental coat. 

^rock-coat ('kot), n. a close-fitting 
strait-bodied coat with wide skirts 
of the same length before and be- 
hind. 

farog (frog), n. a small tailless am- 
phibious animal of the genus Rana ; 
a tender horny substance growing 
in the middle of the sole of a horse's 
foot ; a spindle-shaped button or 
toggle used for fastening military 
cloaks, ladies' mantles, &c. ; a section 
of a railway line where the rails 
diverge. 

frogged (frogd), adj. ornamented or 
fastened with frogs. 

frogging ('ing), n. ornamentation 
with frogs ; fishing with frogs as 
live bait. 

frolic (frol'ik), n. a scene of merry- 
making or gaiety ; a sportive out- 
burst ; wild prank : adj. sportive ; 
merry or gay : v.i. to indulge in 
tricks of mirth and levity ; play wild 
pranks. 

frolicsome (-sum), adj. full of frolic. 

froin (from), prep, out of, away; 
since; noting source or beginning, 
distance, logical or physical se- 
quences. 

frond (frond), n. the union of a leaf 
and a branch ; the leaf of a fern, 
palm, or seaweed. 

frons (fronz), n. [pi. frontes (fron'- 
tez)], the forehead. 

front (frunt), n. the forehead; the 
forepart or foremost of anything ; 
van ; the most conspicuous part • 
impudence or boldness ; a false shirt- 
bosom or dickey : adj. situated at the 
front : v.t. to stand, or be situated, 
opposite to, or over against : v.i. to 
have the front turned in a particular 
direction, 

frontage ('aj), n. the front part of a 
building or its area. 

frontal (fron'tal), adj. pertaining to 



frt 

the front or forehead : n. somethin4 
worn on the forehead; an ecclesias- 
tical hanging in front of an altar ; 
a small pediment over a window or 
door. 

frontier (fron'ter), n. the boundary 
or limits of a country : adj. pertain- 
ing to, or situated near, the boun- 
dary of a country ; contiguous. 

frontispiece (fron'tis-pes), n. an 
illustration facing the front page of 
a book. 

frontlet (frunt'let), n. a fillet or 
band worn on the forehead ; a Jew- 
ish phylactery ; the margin of the 
head of a bird behind the bill. 

fronton (fron'ton), n. the entrance 
to a building ornamented. 

frost (frost), n. minute frozen parti- 
cles of moisture ; the temperature of 
the atmosphere which causes the 
congelation of water ; hoar-frost ; an 
enterprise ending in failure : v.t. to 
cover with, or as with, hoar-frost ; 
injure by frost; sharpen (horses' 
shoes) in frosty weather. 

frosted ('ed), p.adj. covered with, 
resembling, or injured by, frost. 

frostily ('i-li), adv. with frost, or ex- 
cessive cold. 

frostiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being frosty. 

frosting ('ing), n. a preparation of 
fine sugar and white of egg for cov- 
ering cakes ; rough powdered glass 
used in decorative work. 

frosty ('i), adj. [comp. frostier, su- 
perl, frostiest], producing, or accom- 
panied with, frost ; frozen ; hoary ; 
cold or distant in manner. 

froth (frOth), n. the mass of bubbles 
formed on the surface of a liquid by 
agitation, or fermentation ; foam ; 
superficial knowledge ; vapid elo- 
quence. 

frothily ('i-li), adv. in a frothy man- 
ner. 

frothiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being frothy. 

frothy ('i), adj. [comp. frothier, su- 
perl. frothiest], full of, or composed 
of, froth ; empty ; frivolous ; unsub- 
stantial. 

frousy. Same as frowsy. 

frow (frou), n. a German or Dutch 
woman ; slattern ; (fro) potato-flour r 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



fro 3 

a tool used for cleaving shingles, 

staves, &c. 
fro-ward (fro'werd), adj. perverse; 

wayward. 
:?roivii (froun), n. a contraction of 

the brows indicative of displeasure, 

&c. : v.i. to contract the brows to 

indicate displeasure, &c. ; scowl ; 

lower. 
±rowyz (frou'zi), adj. musty; untidy. 
■froze, p.t. of freeze. 
-frozen (froz'en), p. adj. congealed, 

benumbed, or killed with cold ; icy ; 

wanting in warmth of feeling or 

sympathy. 
•fructify (fruk'ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 

fructified, p.pr.ivuctif.jing\, to make 

productive ; fertilize : v.i. to bear 

fruit. 

n. sugar in ripe 



-fructose ('tos), 
fruit or honey. 

:f r ugal ( f rti'gal ) , 
nomical. 

frugality ('i-ti), 



adj. thrifty ; eco- 

n. thrift ; economy. 

frugally (-li), adv. with economy. 

€rugivorous (fru-jiv'6-rus), adj. 
fruit-eating. 

fruit (frut), n. the product of a tree 
or plant containing the seed ; prod- 
uct ; result or profit ; offspring : v.i. 
to produce fruit. 

fruitage ( 'aj ) , n. fruit collectively ; 
product. 

fruiterer ('er-er), n. one who deals 
in fruit. 

fruitful ('fool), adj. yielding fruit; 
prolific. 

fruitfully (-li), adv. abundantly. 

fruitfulness (-nes), n. the quality 
of being fruitful. 

fruiting ('ing), p.adj. bearing fruit. 

fruition (fru-ish'un), n. the bearing 
of fruit ; realization ; enjoyment de- 
rived from use or possession. 

fruity (frut'i). adj. full-flavored; 
rich. 

frumenty (frti'men-ti), n. food made 
of wheat and boiled milk. 

frustrate (frus'trat), v.t. to defeat 
or disappoint ; thwart ; nullify : adj. 
vain ; useless ; void. 

frustrum ('trum), n. [pi. frustra 
Ctra)], that part of a solid next 
the base, as a cone, pyramid, &c., 
which is left after cutting off the 
top. 



1 ful 

fry (fri), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. fried, p.pr, 
frying], to cook or roast with fat 
in a pan over a fire : v.i. to be 
cooked with fat in a pan ; be sub- 
jected to intense heat : n. a dish of 
things fried ; a swarm of young fish. 

fuchsia (fu'shi-a), n. a garden plant 
with handsome pendulous elongated 
flowers. 

fuddle (fud'l), v.t. to stupefy with 
drink ; intoxicate : v.i. to become 
intoxicated. 

fudge (fuj), n. a made-up story: 
inter j. nonsense ! : v.t. to make or do 
in a bungling, careless manner : v.i. 
to contrive by imperfect or impro- 
vised means. 

fuel (fu'el), n. combustible material 
for supplying a fire ; anything that 
serves to inflame or sustain passion 
or excitement. 

fugacious (fu-ga'shus), adj. fleet- 
ing ; volatile ; falling off very early. 

fugal ('gal), adj. pertaining to a 
fugue. 

fugh (foo), inter j. an exclamation of 
disgust. 

fugitive (fu'ji-tiv), adj. unstable; 
volatile ; fleeting ; not permanent ; 
fleeing from danger, pursuit, or 
duty : n. one who flees from danger, 
pursuit, or duty; a runaway or de- 
serter ; one who takes shelter with 
another power to escape punish- 
ment. 

fugitively (-li), adv. in a fugitive 
manner. 

fugleman (fu'gl-man), n. [pi. fugle- 
men (-men)], a trained soldier who 
stands in front of a line of men 
and leads them by his movements 
in their drill. 

fugue (fug), n. a musical composi- 
tion in which the parts follow each 
other with repetitions at certain in- 
tervals. 

fuguist Cist), n. a composer or per- 
former of fugues. 

fulcrum (ful'krum), n. [pi. fulcra 
('kra), fulcrums ('krumz)], that 
part of a lever on which it rests. 

fulfill (fool'fil), v.t. to complete or 
accomplish ; execute ; perform or 
carry out, as that which is prom- 
ised, foretold, or anticipated. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; hbon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ful 



fun 



fulfillment ('ment), n. accomplish- 
ment ; completion ; execution. 

fulgency (ful'jen-si), n. brightness; 
splendor. 

full (fool), adj. filled; having no 
empty space ; well supplied ; stored ; 
saturated ; satiated ; copious ; round- 
ed out; plump; expressing much; 
clear ; distinct ; souorous ; having 
the whole disk illuminated : said of 
the moon : n. the highest state, ex- 
tent, or measure : v.i. to pucker : 
v.t. scour and thicken, as cloth, in a 
mill : adv. without diminution or 
qualification ; directly ; quite. [Full 
is used in composition to express 
full extent or degree, its meaning 
being generally self-evident, as full- 
armed, full-Qedged, &c.l 

full age, n. age of twenty-one years. 

full-back ('bak), n. in football, the 
player furthest from the goal of the 
opposing side. 

full-butt ('but), adv. meeting di- 
rectly and violently. 

full-dress ('dres), n. dress required 
for formal or ceremonial occasions. 

full-drive ('driv), adv. with full 
speed or vigor. 

fuller ('er), n. one who fulls cloth. 

fuUer's-earth ('erz-erth), n. a soft 
clay used for fulling cloth and the 
removal of grease. 

fully (fool'i), adv. completely; abun- 
dantly. 

fulminate (ful'mi-nat), v.t. to cause 
to explode ; send out or utter ( a 
threat or denunciation, as a papal 
bull) : v.i. to thunder; make a loud 
sudden noise ; detonate : n. a de- 
tonating compound formed of a salt 
of fulminic acid. 

fulminating powder (-ing pou'- 
der), n. an explosive substance 
which on being struck detonates 
with a loud report, 

fulminic acid (-min'ik as'id), n. an 
acid composed of cyanogen and oxy- 
gen. 

fulsome (ful'sum), adj. offensive; 
gross. 

fulvous (ful'vus), adj. tawny; saf- 
fron-colored. 
fulwa (ful'wa), n. the butter-tree of 
India; the butter obtained from it. 
fumarole (fu'ma-rol), n. a small 



hole from which volcanic smoke 
issues. 

fumble Cbl), v.i. to grope or feel 
about ; handle or attempt something 
in an awkward manner : v.t. to man- 
age awkwardly. 

fume (fum), n. vapor or exhalation^ 
especially of a narcotic or suffocat- 
ing nature ; mental irritation or agi- 
tation : v.i. to emit smoke ; pass off 
in gas or vapor ; to be in a passion : 
v.t. fill with gas or vapor ; exhale. 

fumigate ('i-gat), v.t. smoke; per- 
fume ; disinfect by the action of 
smoke or vapor. 

fumitory ('i-to-ri), n. a plant, the 
leaves of which were formerly used 
as a specific for skin diseases. 

fun (fun), n. mirth; drollery; sport: 
v.i. [p.t. & p.p. funned, p.pr. fun- 
ning], to indulge in fun, 

funambulist (fu-nam'bu-list), n. a 
rope-walker or -dancer. 

function (fungk'shun), n. the dis- 
charge or performance of any duty, 
office, or business ; faculty ; power ; 
the office of any organ, animal or 
vegetable ; public or official cere- 
mony ; any mathematical quantity 
considered as formed from another 
quantity, the change in the one af- 
fecting the other correspondingly : 
v.i. to perform a function ; act. 

functional (-al), adj. pertaining to^ 
or performing, a function ; official. 

functionary (-a-ri), n. [pi. func- 
tionaries (-riz)], one who holds an 
office, or discharges som^ trust ; an 
official. 

fund (fund), n. established stock or 
capital ; money set apart for carry- 
ing out some permanent or tempo- 
rary object ; a permanent debt due 
by a government on which interest 
is paid at a certain rate per cent. ; 
a stock in reserve : pi. money : v.t. 
to place in, or convert into, a fund. 

fundament ('a-ment), n. the base 
of the body ; anus ; foundation. 

fundamental ('al), adj. pertaining 
to a foundation or basis ; essential ; 
primary : n. a primary or essentia! 
principle ; basis ; the note on which 
a chord is formed [Mus.]. 

fundamental bass (has), n. that 
part in musical harmony which 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



fun 



363 



fur 



contains .the fundamental notes of 
chords. 

fundamentally (-li), adv. in a fund- 
amental manner. 

funded (fund'ed), p. adj. converted 
into a permanent loan ; invested in 
the public^ funds. 

funded debt (det), n. that part of a 
public debt for the payment of the 
interest of which certain funds are 
appropriated. 

funding ('ing^, n. the act or proc- 
ess of converting money lent to the 
government into a permanent fund 
bearing a fixed rate of interest ; in- 
vestment in government stocks or 
funds. 

fundus (fun'dus), n. the base or 
depth of anything. 

funeral ( f u'ner-al ) , n. the ceremony 
of burying a dead human body and 
the procession of mourners accom- 
panying it : adj. pertaining to, be- 
fitting, or used at, a funeral. 

funereal (-ne're-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or suitable for, a funeral ; mourn- 
ful ; sad. 

funereally (-li), adv. in a funereal 
manner. 

fungous (fung'gus), adj. pertaining 
to the nature of fungi ; spongy ; ex- 
crescent ; growing up suddenly. 

fungus Cgus), n. {pi. fungi (fun'ji), 
funguses (-ez)], a cryptogamous 
plant not containing chlorophyll, as 
a mushroom, toadstool, &c. ; a 
spongy excrescence. 

funicle (fu'ni-kl), n. a small cord, 
ligature, or fiber. 

funicular (-nik'u-lar), adj. pertain- 
ing to, composed of, or resembling, 
a funicle or funiculus ; rope-shaped. 

funiculus ('ti-lus), n. \_pl. funiculi 
(-li)], a small cord, ligature, or 
fiber ; a little stalk or cord-like ap- 
pendage uniting a seed with the 
placenta. 

funk (fungk), n. an overpowering or 
offensive odor ; cowardice ; a kick ; 
ill-temper [Scotch]; fright: v.i. to 
be in a state of cowardly fear ; to 
kick backwards [Scotch]. 

funnel (fun'el), n. a wide-mouthed 
conical vessel terminating in a 
spout for pouring liquids into close 



vessels ; the chimney of a steam- 
ship or steam-engine. 

funneled ('eld), ad;', having, or re- 
sembling, a funnel. 

funnily ('i-li), adv. in a funny man- 
ner. 

funning Cing), n. merry jesting. 

funny ('i), adj. {comp. funnier, su- 
perl. funniest], comical; droll; pro- 
voking laughter ; ludicrous ; queer ; 
curious : strange : n. a long narrow 
clinker-built pleasure boat rowed 
with sculls. 

funny-bone (-bon), n. the lower 
part of the elbow over which the 
nerve of the ulna passes. 

fur (fer), n. the soft hair of certain 
animals, growing thickly upon the 
skin ; morbid matter collected on the 
tongue ; the calcareous coating on 
the interior of a boiler, &c. : pi. the 
dressed skins of fur-bearing animals, 
used for apparel or ornament : adj. 
consisting, lined, or trimmed, with 
fur: v.t. [p.t. furred, p.pr. furring], 
to cover, line, or trim with fur ; 
cover with a calcareous deposit or 
morbid matter. 

furbelow ('be-lo), n. an ornament of 
feminine attire. 

furbish, ('bish), v.t. to make bright 
by rubbing, polishing, or burnish- 
ing ; renovate. 

furcate ('kat), adj, forked. 

furious (fti'ri-us), adj. full of fury; 
frenzied ; mad ; tempestuous. 

furl (ferl), v.t. to roll up and secure 
to something, as a sail, flag, «&c. 

furlong (fer 'long), n. l-8th of a 
mile. 

furlough. ('15), n. leave of absences 
v.t. to grant leave of absence to. 

furnace ('nas), n. a chamber or ap- 
paratus for producing a violent heat 
to reduce ores, metals, &c. ; severe 
trial. 

furnish ('nish), v.i. to supply with 
what is requisite ; fit out ; equip : 
v.i. to improve in flesh and condi- 
tion : said of a racehorse. 

furnishing (-ing), n. the act of pro- 
viding with furniture. 

furniture ('ni-tur), n. the necessary 
equipments of a house, ship, or a 
trade ; outfit ; equipage ; trappings 
of a horse. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



iur 



364 



fyk 



furore (fu'ror, or fu-ro're), n. a 
great outburst of excitement or en- 
thusiasm. 

furrier (fur'i-er), n. one who pre- 
pares or sells furs ; fur-dresser. 

furrow (fur'6), n. a trench made in 
the* ground by a plow ; a groove ; 
wrinkle : v.t. to plow ; make grooves 
or wrinkles in. 

furry (fur'i), adj. covered with, or 
consisting of, fur. 

further (fur'f/ier), adj, more dis- 
tant ; additional : adv. to a greater 
distance or degree ; moreover ; also : 
v.t. to promote ; help forward. 

furtherance (-ans), n. advancement. 

furthermore (-mor), adv. moreover; 
besides. 

furthermost (-most), adj. most re- 
mote. 

furthest ('tJiest), adj. most distant 
in time or degree : adv. at, or to, the 
greatest distance. 

furtive (fer'tiv), adj. sly; secret; 
stealthy. 

fury (fti'ri), n. [pi. furies ('riz)], 
violent or uncontrollable rage ; mad- 
ness; one of the three avenging dei- 
ties of Greek mythology ; a terma- 
gant woman. 

furze (ferz), n. a hardy spiny shrub, 
belonging to the bean family. 

furzy ('i), adj. covered with furze. 

fuse (fuz), v.t. to liquefy by heat; 
melt : v.i. to become melted by heat ; 
blend, as if melted : n. a small tube 
filled with an inflammable material, 
or a cord impregnated with such 
material, used for exploding gun- 
powder, &c. 

fusee (fu-ze'), n. a kind of match, 
used for igniting tobacco ; a grooved 
cone in a watch, &c., around which 
the chain is wound. 

fusel-oil ('zel-oil), n. an oily poi- 
sonous product produced in rectify- 
ing grape-, potato-, or corn-spirit. 

fusible (fuz'i-bi), adj. capable of be- 
ing fused. 

fusil (fu'zil), n. the old flint-lock 
musket. 

fusileer ('zi-ler), n. the name of sev- 



eral British line regiments. Also 
fusilier. 

fusillade (-zi-lad'), n: sl simulta- 
neous discharge of firearms : v.t. to 
shoot down or kill by a fusillade. 

fusinist ('zin-ist), n. an artist who 
draws with charcoal crayons. 

fusion, ('zhun), n. the act or process 
of melting by heat ; the state of be- 
ing fused or melted ; union by, or 
as by, melting. 

fuss (fus), n. unnecessary or irritat- 
ing activity, especially in small mat- 
ters ; disorderly bustling about ; con- 
fusion ; stir : v.i. to worry. 

fussy ('i), adj. making a fuss. 

fustanelle (-ta-nel'), n. the short 
white skirt worn by modern Greeks. 

fustian ('chan), n. a kind of coarse 
twilled cotton cloth, as corduroy, 
velveteen, &c. ; an inflated or pre- 
tentious style in writing or speak- 
ing ; bombast : adj. made of fustian ; 
bombastic. 

fustiness ('ti-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being fusty. 

fusty Cti), adj. [comp. fustier, su- 
perl, fustiest] , ill-smelling ; moldy ; 
meddlesome ; officious. 

futile ('til), adj. vain; useless. 

futilely (-li), adv. in a futile man- 
ner. 

futility (-til'i-ti), n. the quality of 
being futile. 

futtocks (fut'oks), n.pl. the upright 
curved ribs of a ship springing fromi 
the keel. 

futtock-shrouds ('ok-shrouds), w.. 
pi. the short shrouds which go ta 
the shrouds above. 

future ('tur), adj. that will be here- 
after : n. time yet to come ; a tense 
in grammar ; a commodity, &c., sold 
or bought for future delivery. 

futurity ('i-ti), n. [pi. futurities 
(-tiz) ], time to come ; future events. 

fuzz (fuz), n. fine minute particles 
of down, wool, &c. : v.i. to fly off iB 
fuzz. 

fuzzy ('i), adj. covered with, or like, 
fuzz. 

fy. Same as fie. 

fyke (fik), w. a kind of fish-trap. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; hodn» 
book) hue, hut; think, then. 




gab (gab), n. idle chatter; loquacity; 
a hook on the eccentric rod of a 
steam-engine; the mouth [Scotch]: 
v.i. [p.t. & p.p. gabbed, p.pr. gab- 
bing], to chatter. 

gabardine (-er-den'), n. a coarse 
smock frock. 

gabble (gab'l), v.t. to utter rapidly 
without sense : v.i. to chatter inco- 
herently : n. rapid incoherent talk. 

gabion (ga'bi-un), n. a large cylin- 
drical bottomless basket filled with 
earth : used for purposes of military 
defense, &c. 

gabionnade (ga-bi-o-nad'), n. a de- 
fensive work formed of gabions. 

gable (ga'bl), n. the triangular end 
of a building. 

gablet ( ga'bl et), n. a small ornamen- 
tal gable : used for the summit of 
niches, &c. 

gad (gad), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. gadded, 
p.pr. gadding], to roam about in a 
purposeless manner : n. the act of 
roaming about without an object ; 
an iron or steel pointed mining 
tool ; a gadfly. 

gadfly ('fli), n. [pi. gadflies ('fliz)], 
a fly that stings cattle. 

gadolinite ('o-li-nit), n. a silicate of 
yttrium. 

gadwall Cwawl), n. a large fresh- 
water duck, esteemed as game. 

Gael (gal), n. a Scottish Highlander. 

Gaelic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or be- 
longing to, the Keltic inhabitants of 
the Scottish Highlands, or to their 
language : n. the language of the 
Gaels. Also Gadhelic, Galic. 

gafP (gaf), n. a large hook for land- 
ing salmon, &c. ; a boom or yard to 



extend the upper edge of a fore-and- 
aft sail ; a low-class theater, &c., 
admission to which is a penny : v.t, 
to seize or land with a gaff. 

gaff-topsail ('top-sl), n. sl light sail 
set above a gaff. 

gag (gag), n. something placed in the 
mouth to hinder speech : v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. gagged, p.pr. gagging], to stop 
the mouth of, with, or as with, a 
gag ; silence by force ; introduce 
one's own words, &c.; into : said of 
an actor, &c. 

gage, gauge (gaj), n. a standard of 
measure ; the number of feet a ves- 
sel sinks in the water ; position of 
one ship to another and the wind; 
a measuring rod ; the distance be- 
tween the rails of a railway line : v.t. 
to ascertain the capacity or contents 
of; estimate. 

gageable (gaj'a-bl), adj. that may 
be gaged. 

gager (gaj'er), n. one who gages. 
See gauger. 

gagger ('er), n. one who gags; a T- 
shaped piece of iron used by foun- 
ders. 

gabnite (gan'it), n. a greenish and 
dark-brown mineral ; zinc-spinel. 

gaiety (ga'e-ti), n. [pi. gaieties 
(-tiz)], the state or quality of be- 
ing gay ; merriment ; pleasure ? 
finery. 

gaily (ga'li), adv. merrily; finely. 

gain (gan), n. advantage; profit; a 
mortise : v.t. to obtain, as profit or 
advantage ; earn ; win ; arrive at : 
v.i. to improve or make progress; 
increase; advance. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl* me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; bod]3; 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



365 



gai 



366 



gal 



gainsay ('sa), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. gain- 
said, p.pr. gainsaying], to contra- 
dict ; speak against ; oppose. 

gairish, same as garish. 

gait (gat), n. manner of walking; 
way or course. 

gaiter ('er), n. a covering of cloth 
for the ankle, fitting over the top 
of the boot ; a shoe with a cloth 
top. 

gala ('la), n. a festive show; pomp. 

galactic (ga-lak'tik), adj. pertaining 
to the secretion or flow of milk ; per- 
taining to the Milky Way. 

galacto, a prefix meaning niilh, form- 
ing compound words, as galactoi)hsL- 
gus, feeding on milk. 

galanga (-lang'ga), n. the name for 
various species of Alpinia, from the 
rootstocks of which an aromatic 
medicine, used in China, is obtained. 

galantine (gal'an-tin), n. a dish 
composed of chickens, veal, or other 
wliite meat, boned, seasoned, tied 
up, boiled, and served cold in its 
own jelly. 

galatea (-a-te'a), n. a cotton fabric 
with blue and white stripes. 

Galaxy ('aks-i), n. the Milky Way. 

galaxy, n. an assemblage of splendid 
persons or things. 

galbanum ('ba-num), n. an odorous 
and bitter gum resin used in medi- 
cine. 

gale (gal), n. a strong wind, less vio- 
lent than a tempest ; a quarrel ; 
noisy merriment ; bog myrtle. 

galeate (ga'le-at), adj. wearing, cov- 
ered with, or shaped like, a helmet. 

galena (ga-le'na), n. sulphide of lead. 

galiot (gal'i-ot), n. a heavily-built 
two-masted trading vessel. 

galipot ('i-pot), n. a white resinous 
juice which exudes from pine trees. 

gall (gawl), n. the bile; anything 
very bitter ; malignant feeling ; ran- 
cor ; the gall-bladder ; the morbid 
excrescence of plants caused by in- 
sects ; gall-nut ; a wound caused by 
friction ; low-lying marshland with 
rank vegetation : v.t. to break the 
skin of by friction ; wear away ; 
vex ; fret ; harass ; impregnate with 
an infusion of gall-nuts : v.i. to fret ; 
be vexed, &c. 

gallant (gal'ant), adj. brave; high- 



spirited ; chivalrous : n. a person of 
sprightly and gay manners ; a beau. 

gallant ( gal-ant'), adj. showing 
courtesy and respectful deference to 
women : n. a man who is attentive 
to women (used either in a good 
or bad sense) : v.t. to pay court to ; 
accompany or escort. 

gallantly (gal'ant-li), adv. bravely 
(gal-ant'li) politely. 

gallantry ('ant-rJ), n. [pi. gallant- 
ries ( -riz ) ] , bravery ; heroic cour- 
age ; polite and deferential attention 
to women ; court paid to women for 
immoral purposes ; intrigue. 

gallate ('St), n. a salt of gallic acid. 

gallatin ('a-tin), n. coal tar oil used 
in the Bethell process for preserving 
timber. 

galleass ('e-as), n. a large low-built 
three-masted vessel propelled bj* 
sails and oars, and carrying twenty 
or more guns. 

galleon ('e-on), n. a large Spanish 
three-decked vessel, formerly used 
as a warship, or as a merchantman 
for trading to South America. 

galleried ('er-id), adj. furnished 
with galleries. 

gallery ('er-i), n. [pi. galleries 
(-iz)], a long apartment serving 
as a means of communication to 
others ; corridor ; the upper seats of 
a theater, church, assembly-room, 
&c. ; a building, or room, used for 
the exhibition of works of art, &c. ; 
a covered passage in a work for de- 
fense, or for communication ; a .bal- 
cony at the stern of a large ship. 

galley ('li), n. [pi. galleys ('liz)], 
a low, flat, one-decked vessel pro- 
pelled by oars, and sometimes with 
sails, formerly rowed by slaves or 
convicts ; an open boat used by 
British men-of-war, river police, and 
customs officers ; the cook-house of 
a ship ; a flat, oblong frame for hold- 
ing composed type. 

Gallic ('ik), adj. pertaining to an- 
cient Gaul, or modern France. 

gallic acid (as'id), n. an organic 
crystalline compound found in gall- 
nuts, tea, &c. 

Gallican ('i-kan), adj. pertaining to 
Gaul, or Prance, or the Roman 
Catholic Church in France. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



gal 



367 



gam 



Gallicism ('i-sizm), n. a French 
idiom. 

Gallicize ('i-siz), v.t. to conform to 
the French idiom. 

galling (gawl'ing), p.adj. chafing; 
irritating. 

gallisiipper (gal'i-nip-er), n. a large 
■ mosquito. 

gallipot ('i-pot), n. a small glazed 
earthenware jar. 

gallium ('i-um), n. a metallic ele- 
ment. 

gallivant ('i-vant), v.i. to flirt; idle 
or gad about with women. 

gallivat ('i-vat), n. a large, two- 
masted, quick-sailing boat, used by 
Malay pirates. 

gallnnt (gawrnut), n. a round ex- 
crescence produced on the oak by 
the puncturing of the leaf-buds by 
an insect, the gall-beetle. The gall 
contains tannin, and is used in the 
manufacture of ink, dyeing, &c. 

gallon (gal'un), n. a liquid measure 
= 4 quarts ; a dry measure = l-8th 
of a bushel. 

galloon (-oon'), n. a cotton, silk, or 
worsted fabric used for dress trim- 
mings ; a thin tape made of metal 
woven in silk, worsted, &c., used for 
uniforms. 

gallop Cup), n. the rapid forward 
springing movement of a horse ; the 
act of riding at a gallop : v.i. to run 
with leaps, like a horse ; ride a 
horse at a gallop ; hasten. 

gallopade (-lo-pad'), n. a lively 
dance ; music appropriate to it ; a 
curvetting or sidelong gallop. 

galloper (-er), n. one who gallops. 

galloping (-ing), p.adj. going at a 
gallop ; progressing very quickly. 

gallows ('oz), n. a wooden structure 
consisting of two uprights with a 
cross bar on the top ; used for hang- 
ing criminals ; execution by hanging. 

gallstone (gawl'ston), n. a concre- 
tion formed in the gall bladder or 
biliary duct. 

galore (ga-lor'), adv. in great plenty. 

galosh (gfi-losh'), n. an overshoe of 
india-rubber. Also goloshe. 

galvanic ( gal-van'ik ) , adj. ' pertain- 
ing to galvanism ; voltaic ; spasmod- 
ic. 



galvanism (-izm), n. that branch of 

electric science which treats of cur- 
rents arising from the chemical ac- 
tion of certain bodies placed in con- 
tact, or an acid on a metal. 

galvanize (-iz), v.i. to affect with 
galvanism ; to imbue with fictitious 
animation ; to electrotype. 

galvanography (-va-nog'ra-fi), n. a 
method of reproducing by the elec- 
trotype process copies of stone and 
metal objects, so as to resemble a 
copper-plate engraving. 

galvanometer (-va-nom'e-ter), n. 
an instrument for measuring the 
presence, extent, and direction of 
an electric current. 

galvanometry (-nom'e-tri), n. the 
art, science, or process of measur- 
ing currents of electricity. 

galvanoscope ('os-kop), n. an in- 
strument for measuring delicate cur- 
rents of electricity. 

gambier (gam'ber), n. a vegetable 
extract used medicinally as an as- 
tringent, and for tanning and dyeing. 

gambit ('bit), n. an opening in chess 
in which a pawn, or piece, is sacri- 
ficed to obtain a favorable position 
for the action of the more important 
pieces. 

gamble ('bl), v.i. to practice gam- 
ing ; play for money ; risk money on 
an event or contingency : v.t. to 
squander in gaming (with aioay), 

gambler ('bier), n. one who gambles, 
especially one who gambles as a 
business. 

gamboge (-booj'), n. a yellow gum- 
resin obtained from Cambodia, used 
as a pigment, and as a drastic pur- 
gative. 

gamboised ('boizd), adj. quilted or 
padded. 

gambol ('bol), n. a dancing or skip- 
ping about for joy or sport ; frolic : 
v.i. [p.t. & p.p. gamboled, p.pr. 
gamboling], to skip about sportive- 
ly ; frolic. 

gambrel ('brel), n. the hock of a 
horse ; a bent stick, resembling a 
horse's leg, used by butchers. 

gambrel-roo£ (-roof), n. a curved 
roof. 

gambroon (-broon'), n. a twilled lin- 
en fabric used for linings. 



^te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, mSrge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



gaxu 



368 



gar 



game (gam), n. a sport or diversion; 
fun ; frolic ; a single match at play ; 
the advantage required in order to 
win ; wild animals pujsued and 
killed by shooting or hunting ; any 
object of pursuit : pi. athletic con- 
tests : adj. pertaining to game ; 
ready ; plucky : v.i. to play at any 
sport or diversion ; play for a stake 
or prize. 

game-cock ('kok), n. a cock bred 
and trained for fighting. 

game-fcwl ('foul), n. one of a 
breed of fancy poultry, of a pugna- 
cious disposition, kept for fighting. 

gameful ('fool), adj. sportive. 

gamely ('li), adv. pluckily. 

gamesome ('sum), adj. merry ; sport- 
ive. 

gamete (gam'et), n. a protoplasmic 
•body that in conjunction with an- 
other forms a zygote. 

gamin ('in), n. a precocious street 
child ; street Arab. 

gaming (gam'ing), n. the act of 
playing games for stakes ; gambling. 

gammon ('un), v.t. to impose upon 
(a person by inducing him to believe 
improbable stories) ; hoax ; to de- 
feat at the game of backgammon ; 
cure by salting and smoking ; at- 
tach or fix a bowsprit to (a ship : n. 
a hoax ; imposition ; the buttock of 
a hog salted and smoked : inter j. 
nonsense ! 

gamut (gam'ut), n. the lines and 
spaces upon which musical notes 
are written or printed : hence entire 
range or extent. 

gamy (gam'i), adj. having the flavor 
of game. 

gander (gan'der), n. a male goose. 

gang (gang), n. a number of persons 
associated together for a particular 
purpose ; a selected number of a 
ship's company for special duty ; a 
lode or course ; the matrix in which 
an ore is embedded. Also gangue. 

gangboard ('bord), n. a plank with 
pieces of wood fastened on it for 
going on board a vessel. 

ganger ('er), n. the foreman of a 
gang of workmen, especially of nav- 
vies or platelayers. 

ganglion ('gli-on), n. [pi. ganglia 
(-a), ganglions (-onz)], an enlarge- 



ment in the course of a nerve ; an 
encysted tumor on a tendon. 

ganglionic (-gli-on'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to a ganglion. 

gangrene ('gren), n. the first state 
of mortification : v.t. to mortify : 
v.i. to become mortified. 

gangue, see under gang. 

gangway (gang'wa), n. a narrow 
platform of horizontal planks used 
as a temporary passageway, or to 
enter a ship ; a passage into or out 
of any place ; a passageway be- 
tween two rows of seats ; that part 
of a ship's side, within or without, 
by which persons enter or depart; 
the waist of a vessel or clear way by 
the side of the bulwarks ; the main 
level in a mine. 

gannet ('et), n. the solan goose. 

gantlet, same as gauntlet. 

gaol, same as jail. 

gap (gap), n. an opening; cleft; 
passage ; hiatus ; breach : v.t. Ip.t. 
& p.p. gapped, p.pr, gapping], to 
make a gap in. 

gape (gap), v.i. to open the moutb 
wide, as from drowsiness, wonder, 
&c. ; yawn ; open as a fissure or 
chasm : n. the act of gaping ; yawn ; 
the opening between the mandibles 
of birds ; the width of the mouth of 
a fish when opened : pi. a disease in 
poultry. 

gar (gar), n. a garfish. 

garage ( ga-raj'), n. a shed, shelter 
or stable for automobiles. 

garb (garb), n. a dress; external 
form : v.t. to clothe. 

garbage ( 'aj ) , n. offal ; refuse. 

garble (gjir'bl), v.t. to cleanse by 
sifting; select such parts of as are 
wanted or may serve some particu- 
lar purpose. 

garboard ('bord), n. the first plank ^ 
fastened to the keel on the outside. ■ 

garcon (-song'), n. a boy; waiter 
[French]. 

garden ('dn), n. a piece of ground 
set apart for the cultivation of flow- 
ers, fruit, vegetables, &c. ; a place 
specially delightful or fertile : v.t. 
to cultivate as a garden : v.i. to lay 
out and cultivate a garden. 

gare (gar), n. coarse wool growing 
on the legs of sheep. 



ate, arm, ^sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 




i^UNGi I. 

1 -n i-Li T.^ , (All illustrations abo 

• Edible Mushroom. -2. Morel. -3. Golden Coxcomb, -4. Early Turban Top. -5. Egg or ChantareJi 
10. Golden Hedgehog Mushroom. -11. The Mousseron. - 12. Parasol Mushroom. - 13. Common Mushr. 




ttural size) 

• Capuchin Mushroom. - 7. Stone Mushroom. 



Edible Mushroom. — 9. French Truffle. 



gar 



369 



gas 



garfish (gar'fish), n. a marine fish 
with a long body and spear-like 
snout. 

garget ('get), n. a disease in cattle. 

gargle ('gl), n. a medicinal liquid 
for washing the throat and mouth : 
v.i. to wash the throat and mouth 
with a gargle. 

gargoyle ('goil), n. in Gothic archi- 
tecture, a projecting stone water- 
spout, often in the form of a gro- 
tesquely-shaped man or animal. 

garibaldi (gar-i-bal'di), n. a loose 
blouse-shaped shirt, usually red. 

garish (gar'ish) , adj. gaudy ; dazzling. 

garland (giir'land), n. a chaplet or 
wreath made of flowers, &c., a col- 
lection of choice extracts of prose 
or poetry ; a netted provision-bag 
used by sailors ; in heraldry, a 
wreath of laurel, or oak-leaves and 
acorns : v.t. to deck or adorn with 
a garland. 

garlic ('lik), n. a bulbous-rooted 
plant of the lily family, with a 
strong pungent taste and unpleasant 
smell. 

garment ('ment), n. any article of 
clothing : pZ. clothing collectively. 

garner ('ner), n. a granary: v.t. to 
store for preservation in, or as in, 
a granary ; gather up. 

garnet ('net), n. a precious stone. 

garnish ('nish), v.t. to adorn; em- 
bellish with something laid round a 
dish : n. an ornament or decoration ; 
something laid round a dish as an 
embellishment. 

garnishee (-e'), n. the person in 
whose hands the property of an- 
other is attached pending the satis- 
faction of the claims of a third 
party. 

garnishment (-ment), n. an embel- 
lishment ; a warning or summons ; 
especially a notice to a party not to 
pay money, &c., to a defendant, but 
to appear in court. 

garniture ('ni-tur),M. embellishment. 

garpike ('pik), n. the garfish. 

garret (gar'et), n. the uppermost 
room of a house. 

garrison ('i-sn), n. a body of troops 
stationed in a fort or fortified place ; 
a fortified place with troops, guns, 



&c. : v.t. to furnish (a fortified 
place) with troops. 

gar rot ('ot), n. a kind of torniquet; 
a sea-duck. 

garrote (-rot'), n. an instrument 
for strangling a criminal : used in 
Spain ; strangulation : v.t. to exe- 
cute with a gar«pte or by stran- 
gling ; seize by the throat so as to 
render a person helpless and then 
to rob him. 

garroter ('er), n. one who is guilty 
of the crime o_f_ garroting. 

garrulity (-roo'li-ti), n. incessant 
and inconsequent loquacity. 

garrulous (-lus), adj. characterized 
by garrulity ; verbose. 

garter (gar'ter), n. an elastic band, 
&c. by which a stocking is held up 
on the leg; the distinctive badge of 
the Order of the Garter, the highest 
order of British knighthood (insti- 
tuted about 1348 by Edward III.) : 
v.t. to bind or fasten with a gar- 
ter ; invest with the Order of the 
Garter. 

garter-fish (-fish), n. a long thin- 
bodied fish. 

garter-snake (-snak), an innocuous 
yellow striped snake, common in 
America. 

garth (garth), n. a fish- weir. 

gas (gas), n. [pi. gases ('ez)], mat- 
ter in its most rarefied state : op- 
posed to fluid, and solid ; carburet- 
ted hydrogen used for lighting and 
cooking ; empty talk : v.t. ip.t. & 
p.p. gassed, p.pr. gassing], to^ im- 
pose upon by empty talk : v.i. to 
boast or indulge in empty talk. 

gasconade (-kun-ad'), n. boastful or 
blustering talk : v.i. to bluster ; 
boast. 

gaselier ('e-ler), n. a gas- burning 
chandelier. 

gaseous ('e-us), adj. having the na- 
ture or form of gas. 

gash (gash), n. a deep or gaping 
wound : v.t. to cut deep. 

gasify (gas'i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. gas- 
ified, p.jyr. gasifying], to convert 
into gas. 

gasket ('ket), n. a flat plaited cord by 
which the sails are furled or tied to 
the yard ; hemp, &c., used for pack- 
ing the piston of a steam-engine. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; booijj 
book ; hue, hut ; think, th&n^ 



gas 



370 



gan 



&c. ; a thin round piece of rubber, 
metal, &c., placed between two flat 
surfaces to make a water-tight 
joint. 

gasogene ('o-jen), n. an apparatus 
for making aerated beverages. 

gasolier, another form of gaselier. 

gasoline ('o-len), n. a volatile in- 
flammable colorless product of petro- 
leum : used for heating purposes, 
&c. 

gasometer (-om'e-ter), n. a circular 
hollow reservoir for storing gas, 
open at the bottom and closed at 
the top ; an apparatus for measuring 
gases. 

gasometry ('e-tri), n. the science or 
process of measuring gas. 

gasoscope ('o-skop), n. an instru- 
ment for detecting the presence of 
inflammable gas. 

gasp (gasp), n. a convulsed pain- 
ful effort to catch the breath : vA. 
to catch the breath with difliculty ; 
crave earnestly : v.t. to breathe out 
in gasps (with away). 

gasping ('ing), n. convulsive or dif- 
ficult breathing. 

gassing (gas'ing), n. pretentious 
talk. 

gassy ('i), adj. impregnated with 
gas ; given to pretentious talk ; in- 
flated. 

gastero, a prefix, meaning tJie stom- 
ach : found in various compound 
scientific w^ords, as gastero^od, one 
of the gasteropoda. Also gastro. 

gasteropoda (gas-ter-op'o-da), n.pl. 
a division of univalve mollusks, 
which move by means of a broad 
muscular foot under the belly, in- 
cluding the snails and slugs. Also 
gastropoda. 

gasteropodons (-dus), adj. pertain- 
ing to the gasteropoda. 

gastralgia (-tral'ji-a), n. neuralgia 
of the stomach ; stomachache. 

gastric ('trik), adj. pertaining to the 
stomach. 

gastric juice (jus), n. a thin acid 
fluid secreted in the mucous mem- 
brane of the stomach : the chief 
agent in digestion. 

gastritis (-tri'tis), n. inflammation 
of the stomach. 

gastro-cephalitis (sef-a-li'tis), n. 



inflammation of the stomach and 
brain. 

gastro-enteritis (-en-te-ri'tis), n. 
inflammation of the stomach and in- 
testines. 

gastronomic (-tro-nom'ik), adj. per- 
taining to gastronomy. Also gastro- 
nomical. 

gastronomically (-al-li), adv. in a 
gastronomic manner. 

gastronomist (-tron'o-mist) , n. an 
epicure. 

gastronomy (-tron'o-mi), n. the art 
of good eating, or the preparation 
of food. 

gastropoda, same as gasteropoda. 

gatcla (gach), n. plaster. 

gate (gat), n. a frame of wood, iron, 
&c., closing an entrance or passage, 
usually moving on hinges ; a large 
entrance to a city, castle, &c. ; an 
avenue ; entrance ; power. 

gather (ga//i'er), v.t. to assemble; 
collect ; bring into one place ; pick 
up ; glean ; pluck ; accumulate ; 
pucker or plait ; infer : v.i. to con- 
gregate ; generate pus ; increase ; 
ripen : n. a plait or pucker in cloth, 
made by drawing thread through 
the folds. 

gathering (-ing), n. the act of as- 
sembling together ; an assemblage ; 
a charitable contribution ; an ab- 
scess or suppurating tumor. 

gatling gun (gat'ling-gun), n. a 
cannon with numerous small barrels, 
which are discharged in succession 
by turning a handle. 

gaud (gawd), n. finery; ornament. 
Also gaudery. 

gaudily ('i-li), adv. in a gaudy man- 
ner. 

gaudiness ('i-nes), n. the quality of 
being gaudy. 

gaudy ('i), adj. [comp. gaudier, 
superl. gaudiest], showy; vulgarly 
gay or fine. 

gauge (gaj)., same as gage. 

ganger ('er), n. one who gauges; 
an officer of excise who ascertains 
the contents of casks. 

gauging ('ing), n. the art or science 
of measuring the contents of ves- 
sels of capacity. 

Gaul (gawl), n. an inhabitant of an- 
cient Gaul or France. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, tJi^n. 



gan 



371 



gaunt (gant), adj. pinched and lean. 

gauntlet (gjint'let), n. a military 
or naval punishment, formerly prac- 
ticed, by which the culprit was 
compelled to run bet^t^een two lines 
of soldiers or sailors, who chastised 
him with rods, ropes, &c. ; a series 
of unpleasant events ; a mailed 
glove, or one with a long M^rist-es- 
tension. Also gantlet, gantlope. 

gauntleted (-ed), adj. wearing a 
gauntlet. 

gaur (gawr), n. a large fierce, dark- 
colored ox found in Indian jungles ; 
Bengal bison. 

gauze (gawz), n. a very thin light 
transparent silk or cotton fabric ; 
light open-work material, as wire 
gauze. 

gauzy ('i), adj. thin and semi-trans- 
parent, like gauze. 

gave, p.t. of give. 

gavel (gav'el), n. a small mallet; a 
small unbound sheaf ; toll or cus- 
tom : v.t. to bind into sheaves. 

gavial (ga'vi-al), n. the crocodile of 
the Ganges, with a long, narrow 
snout. 

gavotte (ga-vof), n. a lively, but 
dignified, dance of the minuet class ; 
a dance-tune in common time. 

gawk (gawk), n. a simpleton; 
cuckoo. 

gawkiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being gawky. 

gawky ('i), adj. awkward; ungain- 
ly : w. a tall, awkward, stupid per- 
son. 

gay (ga), adj. lively; merry; full of 
spirits ; cheerful ; sportive ; given to 
pleasure ; licentious. 

gayal ('al), n. a short-horned, semi- 
domesticated East Indian ox. 

gaze (gaz), v.i. to look earnestly and 
fixedly : n. a steady, fixed look. 

gazelle (ga-zel'), n. a small, elegant, 
swift-footed antelope, with large, 
soft, black eyes. 

gazette (-zef), n. English govern- 
ment bi-weekly newspaper contain- 
ing official announcements ; news- 
paper : v.t. to publish in a gazette. 

gazeteer (gaz-e-ter'), n. a dictionary 
of geographical names. 

gear ( ger ) , n. accoutrements ; ap- 
paratus ; tackle ; harness ; dress ; the 



gem 



.t. to 



moving parts of machinery : 
put gear on ; harness ; dress. 

gearing ('ing), n. a train of toothed 
wheels for transmitting motion; 
ropes and tackle. 

gear- wh.eel_ ( 'hwel ) , w. a cog-wheel. 

gecko (gek'o), n. the wall-lizard. 

gee (Je), v.i. to turn to the off side; 
to move ; stir. 

geese, pi. of goose. 

gelatinate (jera-ti-nat), v.t. to con- 
vert into gelatine or a jelly-like sub- 
stance : v.i. to be converted into 
gelatine. Also gelatinize. 

gelatine ('a-tin), n. a transparent 
nitrogenous animal substance found 
in bones, hoofs, connective tissue, 
&c., from which it is extracted by 
boiling, &c. ; animal jelly. Also 
gelatin. 

gelatine process (pro'ses), n. a 
method of photo-engraving by tak- 
ing a negative on a gelatine film im- 
pregnated with a bichromate. 

gelation (-a'shun), n. solidification. 

geld (geld), v.t. to castrate: said of 
horses; deprive of any essential 
part. 

gelding ('ing), n. castration; a 
young horse which has been cas- 
trated. 

gelid (jel'id), adj. intensely cold; icy. 

gelidity ('i-ti), n. intense cold; ici- 
ness. 

gelose (jel'os), n. a vegetable gum- 
my isinglass prepared from seaweed 
and Chinese moss. 

gem (jem), n. a precious stone; leaf- 
bud ; any perfect or rare object ; 
jewel : v.t. [v.t. & p.p. gemmed, p.pr, 
gemming], to adorn with, or as with, 
gems. 

gemel-window (-win'do), n. a win- 
dow with two bays. 

geminate ('i-nat), adj. growing or 
occurring in pairs. 

gemination (-i-na'shun), n. duplica- 
tion. 

Gemini ('i-ni), n.pl. one of the signs 
in the zodiac (Castor and Pollux) ; 
the Twins. 

gemmule ('ul), n. a small bud; an 
ovule ; a kind of cell produced by 
certain molds. 

gemmy ('i), adj. full of, set with, or 
resembling, a gem ; spruce. 



ate, arm, 



at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, th&n.. 



gem 



372 



geifc 



gemote (ge-mof), n. an assembly; 
the court of the hundred, or local 
court. 

gemsbok (gemz'bok), n. the South 
African antelope. 

genappe (je-nap'), n. a smooth 
worsted yarn, used for fringes, &c. 

gendarme (zhang-darm'), n. ipl. 
gendarmes], in France and Belgium, 
an armed policeman. 

gendarmerie ('e-re), n. gendarmes 
collectively. 

gender (jen'der), n. the grammatical 
distinction of sex, expressed by suf- 
fixes, prefixes, or by a different 
word : v.t. to produce. 

genealogical (je-ne or jen-e-a-loj'i- 
kal), adj. pertaining to genealogy; 
exhibiting descent. 

genealogist (-al'o-jist), n. one skilled 
in tracing pedigrees or genealogy. 

genealogize ('o-jiz), 'v.i. to trace 
family lineage. 

genealogy ('o-ji), n. [pi. genealogies 
(-jiz)], family pedigree; lineage; 
the science that treats of t^^acing 
pedigrees. 

genera, pi. of genus. 

general (jen'er-al), adj. relating to a 
whole genus, kind, class, order, or 
race ; not special or particular ; 
pertaining to the majority ; not re- 
stricted ; usual ; ordinary ; common ; 
extensive but not universal ; indefi- 
nite ; taken as a whole ; senior or 
highest, as Postmaster-General : n. 
the whole ; the chief part ; a general 
principle or statement ; the popu- 
lace ; the commander of an army di- 
vision or brigade ; the chief of a 
religious order ; the roll of a drum 
to summon troops (usually gen- 
erale). 

generalissimo (-is'i-mo), n. a com- 
mander-in-chief. 

generality ('i-ti), n. [pi. generali- 
ties (-tiz)], the state of being gen- 
eral : opposed to specific ; bulk ; ma- 
jority. 

generalization ('i-aa'shun), n. the 
act or result of generalizing ; an in- 
duction. 

generalize ('er-al-iz), v.t. to reduce 
to, or arrange in, a genus or genera ; 
infer inductively, as a general prin- 
ciple from particular instances. 



generally (-al-i), adv. commonly; in 
the main ; without exact limitation. 

generalship (-ship), n. the office, 
rank, or military skill of a general ; 
skilful tacticsor leadership. 

generate ('er-at), v.t. to produce; 
procreate ; originate ; trace out or 
form by motion. 

generation (-a'shun), n. the act or 
process of generating ; a single suc- 
cession in natural descent ; people 
of the same period ; progeny. 

generative ('er-a-tiv), adj. pertain- 
ing to generation ; having the power 
to generate. 

generator ('er-a-ter), n. one who, or 
that which, generates ; a machine 
in which steam or gas is produced ; 
the principal sound or sounds by 
which other musical sounds are pro- 
duced. 

generic (je-ner'ik), adj. pertaining 
to a genus, kind, or class : opposed 
to specific ; comprehensive. Also ge- 
nerical. 

generically (-al-li), adv. with re- 
spect to a genus or generic charac- 
teristics. 

generosity (jen-er-os'i-ti), n. [pi. 
generosities (-tiz)], the quality of 
being generous ; liberality ; magna- 
nimity ; munificence. 

generous (-er-us), adj. characterized 
by liberality ; munificent ; bounti- 
ful ; high-minded ; honorable; 
strong ; stimulating. 

genesis ('e-sis), n. the act or process 
of producing or originating; begin- 
ning. 

genet (-ef), n. an animal allied to 
the civet, valued for its fur ; the fur 
of a cat made in imitation of genet. 
Also genette. 

genet ('et), n. a small Spanish horse. 
Also jennet. 

genial (jen'i-al), adj. kindly and 
sympathetic in disposition ; cordial ; 
contributing to cheerfulness and 
life ; agreeably warm and cheerful. 

geniality ('i-ti), n. the quality of 
being genial ; cheerfulness, 

genially (-li), adv. in a genial man- 
ner. 

geniculate (je-nik'ti-lat), adj. having 
knee-like joints. 

genie, same as jinn. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



gen 



373 



geo 



genii, pi. of genius. 

genital (jen'i-tal), adj. pertaining to 
generation. 

genitival ('i-tiv-al), adj. pertaining 
to^the genitive case. 

genitive ('i-tiv), n. a grammatical 
case, indicating origin, possession, 
or relation. 

genius (jen'ius), n. innate bent of 
mind or disposition ; remarkable 
aptitude or natural endowment for 
some special pursuit, &c. ; character 
or essential principle ; embodiment ; 
a person possessed of high mental 
powers or faculties {pi. geniuses) : 
a good or evil spirit supposed to 
preside over the destinies of men 
(pi. genii). 

genoblast (jen'o-blast), n. the nu- 
cleus of an impregnated ovum. 

Genoese (-o-ez'), adj. pertaining to 
Genoa, or to its inhabitants. Also 
Genovese. 

genre (zhang'r), n. a style of paint- 
ing or sculpture representing some 
scene of common life. 

gens (jenz),w. [pZ. gentes (jen'tez)], 
among the ancient Romans, a clan, 
house, or subdivision of a curia. 

genteel (jen-tel'), adj. graceful or 
elegant in manners or dress ; polite ; 
well bred. 

gentian ('shian), n. a biiiter herb 
with tonic roots. 

Gentile ('til), adj. belonging to a 
non-Jewish people : n. one who is 
not a Jew. 

gentility (-til'i-ti), n. [pi. gentilities 
(-tiz)], high or gentle birth; good 
breeding ; social status and refine- 
ment. 

gentle ('tl), adj. mild and refined in 
manner and disposition ; kindly ; 
moderate in action ; peaceful ; docile ; 
easy ; well born or descended : n. the 
larva of the flesh-fly ; a trained fal- 
con. 

gentle-folks (-foks), n.pl. persons 
of good birth or breeding. 

gentleman (-man), n. [pi. gentle- 
men (-men)], one who is entitled 
to bear a coat of arms ; a well-bred 
and honorable man ; a person of in- 
dependent income ; a term of polite- 
ness, used in addressing an assem- 
bly. 



gentle-woman (-woom'an), n. [pi. 
gentlewomen (-wim'en)], a woman 
of good birth and breeding ; lady. 

gently (jen'tli), adv. in a gentle 
manner. 

gentry ('tri), n. the upper class of 
society. 

genuflection (-H-flek'shun), n. bend- 
ing of the knee, especially in wor- 
ship. Also genuflexion. 

genuine ('ti-in), adj. real; unadul- 
terated ; belonging to, or derived 
from, the original or true stock ; 
not hypocritical ; open. 

genus (je'nus), n. [pi. genera (jen'- 
er-a)], that which has under it sev- 
eral species or sub-genera, having 
certain common characteristics ; in 
logic, a class made up of two or 
more species or subordinate classes. 

geo, a prefix, meaning earth, forming 
the first element of many scientific 
words, as greobotanical, pertaining to 
geographical botany. 

geocentric (je-o-sen'trik), adj. per- 
taining to the center of the earth ; 
having the earth as the center ; 
viewed from the earth as a center. 

geode C'od), n. a rounded nodule of 
stone, usually hollow and lined with 
crystals. 

geodesy (-od'e-si), n. the science of 
measuring large portions of the 
earth's surface ; the determination 
of the earth's figure and size. 

geodetic (je-o-det'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, determined by, or carried out by, 
geodesy. Also geodetical. 

geodetically (-al-li), adv. by geode- 
sy. 

geodetic line (lin), n. the shortest 
line between any two points on the 
earth's surface. 

geographer (-og'ra-fer), n. one who 
is versed in, or a writer on, geog- 
raphy. 

geograpMcal (-o-graf'i-kal,) adj. 
pertaining to geography. 

geographically (-li), adv. with ref- 
erence to geography. 

geography (-og'ra-fi), n. [pi. geog- 
raphies (-fiz)], the science that* 
describes the surface of the earth, 
and its division into continents, 
kingdoms, &c. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon;, 
book; hue, hut; think, tllQU, 



geo 



374 



gew 



geological (-o-loj'i-kal), adj. per- 
taining to geology. 
geologically (-li), adv. according to 

geology. 

geologist (-ol'o-jist), n. one versed 
in geology. 

geology ('o-ji), n. the science that 
investigates the structure of the 
earth, the successive physical 
changes it has undergone, and the 
causes which have operated in pro- 
ducing such alterations in the crust 
of the globe. 

geometer (-om'e-ter), n. a geometri- 
cian. 

geometric (-o-met'rik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or done by, geometry. Also 
geometrical. 

geometrician (-om-e-trish'an), n. 
one who is skilled in geometry. 

geometry (-om'e-tri), n. [pi. geom- 
etries (-triz)], that branch of 
mathematics that treats of the meas- 
urement of lines, angles, surfaces, 
and solids, with their various rela- 
tions ; a text-book on geometry. 

georgic (jor'jik), adj. pertaining to 
husbandry or rural : n. a poem on 
agriculture. 

geotropism (je-ot'ro-pizm), n. a 
tendency in the roots of certain 
plants to turn in the direction of 
the earth. 

geraniuiu (-ra'ni-um), n. a plant of 
various species, cultivated for its 
handsome scarlet or white flowers. 

germ (jerm), n. the rudimentary 
form of an organism ; origin ; first 
principle. 

German (jer'man), adj. pertaining 
to Germany, its inhabitants, or lan- 
guage ; of the same stock or parent- 
age ; germane. 

germander (-man'der), n. a wild 
plant of the mint family with a blue 
flower, used sometimes as a substi- 
tute for hops. 

germane (jer-man'), adj. related; 
akin ; relevant ; appropriate. 

Germanic (-man'ik), adj. pertaining 
to Germany ; Teutonic. 

Germanisxa (-izm), n. a German 
idiom, custom, or characteristic ; 
love of^ German institutions. 

germanium (-ma'ni-um) , ■ w. one of 
the metallic elements. 



Germanize (-iz), v.t. to make Ger- 
man, in language, customs, &c. 

German-millet (-mil-et), n. an edi- 
ble grain obtained from a grass. 

German-silver (-sil-ver), n. a white 
alloy of zinc, nickel, and copper. 

German-text (-tekts), n. a black 
letter type similar to Old English 
and modern German. 

germicide (jer'mi-sid), n. a sub- 
stance used to destroy disease germs. 

germinal ('mi-nal), adj. pertaining 
to a germ or seed-bud. 

germinant ('mi-nant), adj. sprout-, 
ing ; gradually developing. 

germinate ('mi-nat), v.i. to sprout 
or bud ; begin to develop into a 
higher form. 

germination (-na'shun), n. the first 
act of growth in a seed, bud, or 
germ. 

germnle (jerm'ul), n. a small or in- 
cipient germ. 

gerrymander ( ger'i-man-der ) , v.t. 
to divide, as a state, voting district, 
&c., so as to give an unfair advan- 
tage to a particular political party ; 
misrepresent ; garble. 

gerund (jer'und), n. a kind of verbal 
noun. 

gestation (jes-ta'shun), n. pregnan- 
cy. 

gestatory ('ta-to-ri), adj. pertaining 
to gestation. 

gesticulate (-tik'ti-lat), v.i. to make 
gestures or motions, as in speaking 
or attracting attention. 

gesticulator (-la-ter), n. one who 
gesticulates. 

gesture ('tur), n. a movement of the 
face, body, or limbs, to express 
ideas, emotions, &c. 

get (get), v.t. [p.t. got, p.p. got, got- 
ten, p.pr. getting], to obtain; pro- 
cure ; win ; gain ; acquire ; deserve ; 
meet with ; realize ; learn ; pro- 
create ; prevail upon : v.i. to arrive 
at ; become ; find time, opportunity. 
&c. ; depart quickly. 

getter ('er), n. one who gets or ac 
quires. 

getting ('ing), n. acquisition; profit. 

get-up ('up), n. style, as of dress, 
&c. 

gewgaiv (gu'gaw), n. a showy trifle. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



gey 



375 



gii 



geyser (gi'ser), n. an intermittent 
hot or boiling spring from which 
water or mud is ejected. Also gey- 
sir. 
|g]ia,stliness (gast'li-nes), n. the 
quality or state of being ghastly. 
ghastly ('li), adj. death-like; pale; 
haggard ; cadaverous ; horrible. 

ghaut (gawt), n. in India, a moun- 
tain pass ; chain of mountains ; a 
[ flight of steps to a river, or to a 

! temple ; approach ; a wharf. Ghat. 

gherkin (ger'kin), n. a small cucum- 
ber used for pickling. 

Ghetto (get'o),w. [pi. ghettos ('oz)], 
ghetti ('i)], the Jews' quarter. 

ghost (gost), n. the spirit of a de- 
ceased person ; apparition ; the soul ; 
breath of life ; shadow ; remotest 
likelihood; a false image due to 
some defect in a lens. 

ghostly ('li), adj. pertaining to the 
soul ; spiritual ; supernatural. 

ghoul (gool), n. a supposed demon 
who robs graves and feeds on the 
flesh of the dead. 

giant (ji'ant), n. a man of extraor- 
dinary bulk or stature ; one pos- 
sessed of great physical or intellec- 
tual power ; one of a race of mon- 
strous size who, according to classic 
mythology, assailed the gods : adj. 
like a giant ; huge. 

giaour (jour), n. the term applied 
by Mohammedans to unbelievers, 
especially Christians. 

gibber (gib'er), v.i. to speak inco- 
herently. 

gibberish (-ish), n. rapid incoherent 
talk : adj. incoherent. 

gibbet (jib'et), n. a gallows: v.t. to 
hang on a gibbet ; expose to public 
scorn or ridicule. 

gibbon (gib'un), n. a long armed 
anthropoid ape of Southern Asia. 

gibbosity (-os'i-ti), n. [pi. gib- 
bosities (-tiz)], a round or swelling 
prominence. 

gibbous ('us), adj. protuberant; ir- 
regularly rounded ; between full and 
half-full : said of the moon ; hump- 
backed. Also gibbose. 

gibe (jib), n. a scoff; taunt; sneering 
or sarcastic expression : v.t. to sneer 
at ; taunt : v.i. to use gibes ; cast re- 
proaches ; sneer ; scoff. 



giblet (jib'let), n. one of the edible 
^internal parts of a fowl, goose, &c. 

gid (gid), n. a disease in sheep. 

giddiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being giddy. 

giddy ('i), adj. [comp. giddier, 
superl. giddiest], having a confused 
whirling sensation in the head ; friv- 
olous ; fickle. 

gift (gift), n. something given or be- 
stowed ; present ; donation ; offering ; 
benefaction ; natural talent. 

gifted ('ed), adj. talented. 

gig (gig), n. a two-wheeled open 
chaise drawn by one horse ; a rotary 
machine for raising nap on cloth ; 
a long ship's boat, rowed by alter- 
nate oars, and usually reserved for 
the commanding ofiicer ; a racing 
boat ; a whirligig ; a fish-gig : v.i. 
[p.t. & p.p. gigged, p.pr, gigging], 
to fish with a fish-gig. 

gigantic (ji-gan'tik), adj. huge; co- 
lossal. 

giggle (gig'l), v.i. to laugh in a nerv- 
ous, foolish, tittering manner : n, 
a nervous, silly laugh. 

gild (gild), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. gilded, 
gilt, p.pr. gilding], to overlay or 
wash with gold ; give a fair external 
appearance to ; illuminate : n. an- 
other form of guild. 

gilding ('ing), n. the art or process 
of overlaying or covering with gold ; 
gold leaf, powder, &c., applied to a 
surface ; a . superficial covering de- 
signed to give a fair external ap- 
pearance. 

gill (gil), n. the respiratory organ of 
aquatic animals, especially fishes ; 
the wattle of a fowl ; a deep, nar- 
row glen through which a rivulet 
flows : pi. the thin spore-bearing 
lamellae, or plates, under a cap of 
certain fungi, as a mushroom. 

gill (jil), n. l-4th of a pint; ground- 
ivy ; a wanton girl ; sweetheart. 

gilling (gil'ing), n. a salmon of the 
second year. 

gillyflower (jil'i-flou-er), n. one of 
various plants of the mustard fam- 
ily, as the wall-flower, stock, &c. 

gilt (gilt), adj. covered with, or yel- 
low like, gold : n. gilding. 

gimbal (jim'bal), n. one of two brass 
rings moving within each other at 



ate, arm, 



at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



gim 



376 



gla 



right angles : used for suspending a 
mariner's compass, chronometer, 
&c. 

gimcrack ('krak), adj. showy, but 
of no value ; trumpery : n. a pretty, 
useless thing ; toy. 

gimlet (gim'let), n. a small boring- 
tool with a pointed screw at the 
end : v.t. to make a hole in with a 
gimlet. 

gimp (gimp), n. a kind of interlaced 
silk twist or trimming interwoven 
with wire or cord ; used for furni- 
ture, dresses, &c. : v.t. to border with 
gimp. 

gin (jin), n. an aromatic alcoholic 
liquid flavored with juniper berries ; 
a trap or snare ; a machine for clear- 
ing cotton fibers from the seeds _; a 
portable hoisting-machine ; a pile- 
driving machine : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
ginned, p.pr. ginning], to catch in a 
trap ; clear cotton. 

ginger ('jer), n. the scraped and 
dried root of a pungent aromatic 
East & West Indian plant. 

gingerade (-ad'), n. an aerated bev- 
verage flavored with ginger. 

ginger-Tjeer (-ber), n. an efferves- 
cent beverage made from ginger, 
yeast, cream of tartar, and sugar. 

gingerbread (-bred), n. a dark col- 
ored cake made of flour, ginger, 
molasses, sugar, &c. 

gingerly (-li), adv. cautiously; 
daintily. 

gingham (ging'am), n. a cotton 
dress-cloth dyed in the yarn before 
weaving ; an umbrella. 

gingko (ging'ko), n. a Japanese tree 
with handsome foliage ; the maiden- 
hair tree. 

ginn, same as jinn. 

ginseng (jin'seng), n. an herb with 
an aromatic root, much valued in 
China. 

Gipsy (jip'si), n. [pi. Gipsies ('siz)], 
one of a wandering, dark-skinned, 
and dark-eyed race, of Eastern, prob- 
ably Hindu, origin; the language of 
the Gipsies (Romany) ; a person of 
dark complexion ; a hoydenish girl : 
y.i. [p.t. & p.p. gipsied, p.pr. gipsy- 
mg], to picnic or camp out in the 
woods. Also Gypsy. 



giraffe (ji-raf), n. the camelopard. 
girandole (jir'an-dol), n. a branch- 
ing chandelier ; a kind of rotating 
firework. 
girasol ('a-sol), n. a variety of opal; 

the fire-opal. Also girasole. 
girba (gir'ba), n. a stiff leather water 

vessel, used in Africa. 
gird (gerd), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. girded, 
girt, p.pr. girding], to surround with 
a flexible substance ; bind ; encircle ; 
gibe ; taunt. 
girder ('er), n. the main beam in a 

floor. 
girdle (ger'dl), n. a belt or zone for 
the waist ; anything that encompass- 
es like a girdle ; a circular band 
round the shaft of a column : v.t. to 
bind with, or as with, a girdle ; en- 
close ; to make a cut round the bark 
of the trunk of a tree and so kill it. 
girl (gerl), n. a female child; young 

unmarried woman. 
girt (gert), p.t. of gird : p.adj. moored 
so taut by two cables as not to 
swing to the wind or tide. 
girtb. (gerth), n. the band by which 
the saddle is kept secured on a 
horse ; the circumference of a tree, 
animal, &c. ; anything that binds or 
encircles. 
gist (jist), n. the substance of a mat- 
ter ; main point ; object. 
gittern (git'ern), n. a cithern. 
give (giv), v.t. [p.t. gave, p.p. given, 
p.pr. giving] , to bestow ; confer 
without price or reward ; grant ; 
yield ; deliver ; supply ; enable ; 
emit : v.i. to give gifts ; yield to 
pressure ; grow moist : n. elasticity. 
gizzard (giz'ard), n. the muscular 
part of the intestinal canal in cer- 
tain birds. 
glabrous (gla'brus), adj. bald; 

smooth. 
glace (-sa'), adj. iced or cooled: n. a 

thin shiny silk. 
glacial ('shi-ul), adj. pertaining to, 

consisting of, or caused by, ice. 
glaciate ('shi-at), v.t. to cover over 

with, or transform into, ice. 
glacier (gla'shi-er or glas'i-er), n. a 
vast accumulation of ice and snow 
found in the valleys and ravines of 
lofty mountains which moves slowly 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not; booilt 
book; hue, hut; think, *^en. 



BIRDS. 




1, Wren; 2, blackbird; 3, swallow; 4, wagtail; 5, crow; 6, thrush; 7, magpte; 8, cuckc^; 
9, wryneck; 10, canary; 11, sparrow; 12, robin; 13, jay; 14, humming-bird; 15, mocking-bir J ' 
16, whippoorwill; 17, linnet; 18, nightingale. 



DOMESTIC 70WLS. 




1 and 16, Turkey cock and ken; 2, duck; 3, goose; 4. peacock; 5- carrier-pigeon- 6 and 7 Cochin 
China Chickens; 8. 9 and 12. collared, turtle and ring doves; li, pheasant f 11 Dorking cock 't 
game-cock; 14 and 15. Silver Hamburg chickens; 17. guinea: 18. bantam: 19. bL-owl 



gla 



377 



Sla 



down the slopes till it melts or 
breaks off into icebergs. 

glacis (gla'sis), n. a sloping bank of 
earth directly in front of a fortifica- 
tion and designed for its defense ; a 
protective slope on an ironclad to 
throw off hostile shot, 

glacure (-siir'), n. a. thin glaze on 
the finer sorts of pottery. 

glad, adj. [comp. gladder, superl. glad- 
dest], in a state of hilarity; joyous; 
gay ; pleased ; cheerful ; satisfied. 

gladden ('n), v.t. to make glad: v.i. 
to rejoice. 

glade (glad), n. an open space or 
passage in a wood or forest ; an 
open space surrounded by ice. 

gladiate (glad'i-at), adj. sword- 
shaped. 

gladiator ('i-a-ter), n. in ancient 
Rome a professional swordsman who 
fought in the arena with other men 
or animals ; a combatant. 

gladiatorial (-a-to'ri-al), adj. per- 
taining to gladiators or their com- 
bats. 

gladiolus (gla-di'6-Ius) , n. the sword- 
lily. 

gladsome (glad'sum), adj. joyous; 
gay ; pleased ; cheerful. 

Gladstone ('ston or 'stun) , n. a four- 
wheeled pleasure-carriage carrying 
two passengers ; a long narrow trav- 
eling bag with a wide mouth. 

glair (glar), n. the white of egg, used 
as size or varnish; any sticky or 
glairy matter. 

glairy ( 'i ) , adj. consisting of glair. 

glaive, same as glave. 

glamour (glam'er), n. a charm on 
the eyes causing them to see things 
differently from what they are in 
reality ; fascination ; witchery : v.t. 
to fascinate. Glamer. 

glance (glans), n. a sudden shoot of 
light ; quick passing look of the eye ; 
a quick momentary view ; a lustrous 
ore : v.i. to shoot a sudden ray ; view 
with a quick movement of the eye : 
v.t. to shoot or dart suddenly or ob- 
liquely ; allude to in passing. 

gland (gland), n. a bodily organ by 
which secretion is carried on ; small 
secreting organ for sap in plants ; 
an acorn ; a name for various me- 
chanical contrivanceso 



glanders ('erz), n.pl. a contagious 
disease in horses, in which mucus is 
discharged profusely from the nos- 
trils. 

glandular ('u-lar), adj. pertaining 
to, resembling, or having glands ; 
covered with hairs tipped with 
glands : said of a plant. 

glandule _('ul), n. a small gland. 

glare (glar), n. a bright dazzling 
light ; overpowering luster ; a fierce 
piercing look : v.i. to shine with a 
dazzling overpowering light ; look 
with fierce piercing eyes ; be exces- 
sively gaudy in dress or ornamenta- 
tion : adj. having a smooth slippery 
surface, as ice. 

glaring ('ing), p.adj. emitting or re- 
flecting a dazzling light ; gaudy. 

glass (glas), n. a hard, brittle, trans- 
parent substance formed of silica 
and certain metallic oxides ; an in- 
strument or vessel made of glass ; 
a drinking glass, or the quantity 
contained in it ; a mirror ; lens ; a 
telescope, or barometer : adj. per- 
taining to, or made of, glass ; vitre- 
ous : v.t. to mirror, or reflect in a 
mirror ; glaze. 

glasswort ('wert), n. a plant from 
which a soda is obtained ; used in 
glass-making. 

glauberite (glaw'ber-it), n. a min- 
eral formed of sulphate of limej and 
sulphate of soda. 

glauber's-salt ('berz-sawlt), n. sul- 
phate of soda, used medicinally as a 
strong purgative. 

glaucous (glaw'kus), adj. sea-green; 
green with a bluish-grey tinge ; cov- 
ered with bloom of a bluish-white 
color. 

glave (glav), n. a cutting weapon 
fixed to a pole, somewhat resembling 
a halbert, formerly used by foot sol- 
diers. Also glaive. 

glaze (glaz), v.t. to furnish with 
glass ; overlay with a transparent 
substance resembling glass : v.i. to be- 
come glassy or glazed : n. the vitreous 
or glassy coating on potter's ware. 

glazier ('zher), n. one whose busi- 
ness is to set glass in windows, &c. 

glazing ('ing), n. a glaze; vhe opera- 
tion of setting glass, o> applying a 
glaze ; window-panes ; gls.ss ; semi- 



Ste, arm, ask, atj awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



gle 



378 



glo 



transparent colors passed thinly over 
other colors to tone down their ef- 
fect. 

gleam (glem), n. a stream or shoot 
of light ; brightness : v.i. to emit 
brightness ; shoot, or dart, as rays 
of light. _ 

glean (glen), v.t. to gather, as grain 
that the reapers have left ; collect 
little by little, or piece by piece ; 
infer : v.i. to gather gleanings : n. a 
collection made by gleaning ; a col- 
lection, as of herrings. 

glebe (gleb), n. land belonging to a 
parish church, or ecclesiastical bene- 
fice ; in mining, a plot of land con- 
taining ore. 

glede (gled), n. the kite. 

glee (gle), n. gaiety; mirth; exhila- 
ration; a musical composition for 
voices in harmony. 

gleeful ('fool), adj. merry, joyous. 

gleet (glet), n. a thin mucous dis- 
charge resulting from gonorrheal 
disease. 

glen (glen), n. a narrow valley; a 
secluded hollow between hills. 

glib (glib), adj. voluble; flippant: n. 
the tongue ; smooth talk. 

gliddery (glid'er-i), adj. slippery. 

glide (glid), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. glided, 
p.pr. gliding], flow or move along 
smoothly and noiselessly ; to slur 
[Music] : n. the act of gliding ; a 
gliding movement; a slur [Music], 

glider (glld'er), n. an aeroplane 
without motor power on which the 
operator descends or glides from a 
height to the ground. 

gliff (glif), n. a glimpse; brief inter- 
val ; sudden fear. 

glim (glim), n. a light or candle. 

glimmer ('er), v.i. to shine faintly 
and intermittently : n. a faint inter- 
mittent light ; sheen. 

glimpse (glimps), n. a weak, faint 
light ; transient view ; slight trace : 
v.t. to catch a glimpse of : v.i. to 
glance ; appear for the moment. 

glin (glin), n. a haze on the horizon 
at sea, indicative of a storm. 

glint (glint), n. a gleam of light; sly 
glance : v.i. to gleam or flash out. 

glioma (glT-o'ma), n. a tumor of 
rapid growth on the brain, spinal 
cord, or auditory nerve. 



glissade (glis-ad'), n. the act of slid- 
ing down a glacier ; a glide in danc- 
ing : v.i. to slide, especially down a 
glacier. 

glissando (-san'do), n. in pianoforte 
playing, a run by sliding the fingers 
over the keys ; in violin-playing, a 
quick slur. 

glisten (glis'n), v.i. to sparkle with 
light ; shine : n. a glitter. 

glitter (glit'er), v.i. to sparkle with 
light ; gleam ; be showy, attractive, 
or specious : n. brilliancy ; specious 
luster. 

glizade (gli-zad'), n. a sliding move- 
ment of the foil in fencing. 

gloam (glom), v.i. to begin to grow 
dark, like twilight ; exhibit sullen- 
ness or gloom. 

gloaming ('ing), n. twilight: adj. 
pertaining to twilight. 

gloat (glot) , v.i. to stare or gaze earn- 
estly or with admiration, often in a 
bad sense with feelings of lust and 
cruelty. 

global (glo'bal), adj. pertaining to 
a globe ; world-wide. 

globate ('bat), adj. globe-shaped. 

globe (glob), n. a spherical body; 
ball ; the terraqueous earth (with 
the) ; a sphere on which are repre- 
sented the divisions of the earth, &c. 
(terrestrial globe), or the heavenly 
bodies (celestial globe). 

globe-fisli ('fish), n. a fish capable 
of inflating itself to a globular shape. 

globeflower ('flou-er), n. a plant of 
the crowfoot family with globular- 
shaped flowers. 

globe-trotter ('trot-er), n. an ex- 
tensive traveler. 

globi, a prefix in various scientific 
words, meaning a ball, or ball- 
sliaped. Globo. 

globin ('bin), n. a constituent of red 
blood corpuscles. 

globular (glob'u-lar) , adj. globe-like ; 
spherical. Also globose. 

globule ('til), n. a small spherical 
particle ; a minute homoeopathic 
pill ; a blood- or lymph-corpuscle. 

globulin Cti-lin), n. an albuminous 
proteid substance forming one of the 
constituents of the blood and cellu- 
lar tissue of plants. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; htie, hut ; think, then. 



glo 



379 



glo 



glome (glom), n. a roundish head of 
flowers. 

glomerate (glom'er-at), adj. gath- 
ered into a roundish head or mass. 

glonoin (glon'o-in), n. a pure nitro- 
glycerine. 

gloom (gloom), n. partial darkness; 
obscurity ; melancholy ; depression ; 
sadness ; sullenness : vA. to be, or 
become, cloudy or partially dark ; 
present a gloomy aspect : v.t. to 
make gloomy ; deject or sadden. 

gloomily ('i-li), adv. in a gloomy 
manner. 

gloominess ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being gloomy. 

gloomy ('i), adj. \_c07np. gloomier, 
superl. gloomiest], overspread with, 
or enveloped in, darkness ; dismal ; 
melancholy ; dispirited ; cheerless ; 
morose. 

gloria (glo'ri-a), n. an ascription of 
praise, especially the Gloria in Ex- 
celsis and Gloria Patri ; a musical 
setting of these. 

glorification (-ri-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
act of glorifying ; exaltation to honor 
and dignity ; a jollification. 

glorify ('ri-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. glori- 
fied, p.pr. glorifying], to raise in 
honor and dignity ; magnify and 
{^ honor in worship ; adore ; beautify. 

gloriole ('ri-ol), n. a circle of light. 

gloriosa (-ri-o'sa), n. a genus of 
plants of the lily family, with bright 
red or yellow flowers. 

glorious ('ri-us), adj. full of glory; 
illustrious ; celebrated ; magnificent ; 
exalted. 

glory ('ri), n. [pi. glories ('riz)], 
splendor ; magnificence ; brightness ; 
praise ascribed in adoration ; distinc- 
tion ; renown ; honor ; the Divine 
perfection or presence ; the felicity 
of heaven ; in art, a circle of rays 
surrounding the head of a saint : v.i. 
[p.t. & p.p. gloried, p.pr. glorying], 
to rejoice or exult (with in). 

gloss (glos), n. luster from a polished 
surface ; specious show ; an explana- 
tion or comment to elucidate some 
difficulty or obscurity in the text ; a 
plausible, specious representation : 
o.t. to explain by notes or com- 
ments ; palliate by plausible repre- 



sentation ; varnish ; make glossy : 
v.i. to annotate. 

glossa ('a), n. [pi. glossse ('e)], the 
tongue, especially of insects. 

glossarial (-a'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or of the nature of, a glossary. 

glossary ('a-ri), n. [pi. glossaries 
(-riz)], a dictionary of obsolete, ob- 
scure, or technical words. 

glossily ('i-li), adv. in a glossy man- 
ner. 

glossiness ('i-nes), n. superficial lus- 
ter. 

glossitis (-i'tis), n. inflammation of 
the tongue. 

glosso, a prefix in scientific words 
meaning tongue, or tongue-like, as 
glossocele, protrusion of the tongue 
due to inflammation. 

glossograph (glos'o-graf), n. an in- 
strument for recording the vibra- 
tions of the tongue in speaking. 

glossography (-og'ra-fi), n. an an- 
atomical description of the tongue. 

glossology (-ol'o-ji), n. that branch 
of anthropology which treats of the 
classification of languages; compar- 
ative philology. 

glossonomy (-on'6-mi), n. the sci- 
ence of language and the laws which 
govern it. 

glossy ('i), adj. [comp. glossier, 
superl. glossiest], having a lustrous 
smooth surface ; smooth and plausi- 
ble. 

glottal (glot'al), adj. pertaining to, 
or produced by, the glottis. 

glottic ('ik), adj. pertaining to the 
tongue. 

glottis ('is), n. the small elastic ob- 
long opening at the top of the wind- 
pipe. 

glove (gluv), n. a hand-covering with 
a separate sheath for each finger : 
pi. boxing-gloves: v.t. to cover with, 
or as with, a glove. 

glover ('er), n. a maker or seller of 
gloves. 

gloving ('ing), n. glove-making. 

gloiv (glo), v.i. to shine with intense 
heat ; radiate heat and light ; be in- 
candescent ; be red or flushed ; be 
animated with passion, love, zeal, 
&c. : n. intense or shining heat ; in- 
candescence ; redness, or brightness 
of color ; passion ; ardor. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon^ 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



glo 



380 



gno 



glower (glou'er), v.i. to stare with a 
threatening or angry countenance ; 
frown. 

glow-worm (glo'werm), n. a beetle, 
the wingless female of which emits 
a shining green light at night. 

gloxinia (gloks-in'i-a), n. a genus of 
tropical plants with bell-shaped 
flowers, 

gloze (gloz), v.t. to gloss over. 

glucic acid (gloo'sik as'id), n. a col- 
orless honey-like compound obtained 
by the action of acids from cane- 
sugar. 

glucinum (-si'num), n. a metallic 
element resembling magnesium. 

glucose ('kos), n. the particular form 
of sugar existing in many animal 
and vegetable organisms : it is pro- 
duced for commercial use by the ac- 
tion of sulphuric acid on starch. 

glue (gloo), n. a tenacious viscid ce- 
ment made by boiling some animal 
substance to a jelly : v.t. to unite or 
cement with glue. 

gluey ('i), adj. like glue; sticky. 

glum (glum), adj. gloomy; moody; 
sullen. 

glume (gloom), n. the husk of corn 
or grasses. 

glut (glut), n. a superabundance: v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. glutted, p.pr. glutting], 
to fill to repletion ; oversupply. 

gluten (gloo'ten), n. a tough grey al- 
buminous substance obtained from 
wheat and other grains. 

glutinous ('ti-nus), adj. viscid; 
gluey. 

glutton (glut'n), n. one who eats to 
excess ; a carnivorous animal, the 
wolverine. 

gluttonize (-iz), v.i. to act as a 
glutton. 

gluttonous (-us), adj. pertaining to, 
or characterized by, gluttony. 

gluttony (-i), n. pi. gluttonies 
(-iz)], the act or habit of eating to 
excess. 

glyceric (glis'er-ik), adj. obtained 
from glycerine. 

glyceride (-id), n. an ether of glyc- 
erine. 

glycerine (glis'er-in), n. a sweet col- 
orless viscid liquid obtained from 
oils, fat, &c. : used extensively in 



various manufactures and medicine. 
Also glycerin. 

glycerol, another name for glycerine. 

glycogen (gli'ko-jen), n. a white in- 
soluble starch-like substance ob- 
tained from the livers of animals. 

glycol (gli'kol, or 'kol), n. a viscid^ 
liquid, intermediate between glycer-' 
ine and alcohol. 

glyph, (glif), n. a perpendicular flut- 
ing. 

glyphic ('ik), adj. pertaining to 
carving or sculpture : n. a hiero- 
glyphic. 

glypliograpliy (-og'ra-fi), n. a meth- 
od of producing engravings in re- 
lief for printing, similar to electro- 
typy, after etching the picture on 
a copperplate covered thinly with 
wax. 

glyptic (glip'tik), adj. pertaining to 
engraving on gems ; figured : n.pl. 
the art of engravging designs on pre-: 
cious stones, ivory, &c. 

glyptograph ('to-graf), n. a design 
cut or engraved on a gem. 

gnarl (narl), n. a knot on the trunk 
or branch of a tree. 

gnarled ('d), adj. full of knots; dis- 
torted. 

gnash (nash), v.t. to strike together, 
as the teeth : v.i. to grind the teeth 
in anger or agony. 

gnat (nat),n. a small stinging winged 
insect of several species, allied to 
the mosquito. 

gnaw (naw), v.t. to bite off, or eat 
away, by degrees ; corrode ; bite in 
agony, rage, or despair ; fret : v.i. 
to exercise the teeth in biting re- 
peatedly ; act as if by continual 
biting. 

gneiss (nis), n. a crystallized rock 
composed of quartz, mica, and feld- 
spar. 

gnome (nom),n. a fabulous deformed, 
diminutive goblin, supposed to dwell 
in the earth or to be the guardian 
spirit of miners ; a pithy or sen- 
tentious saying. 

gnomic ( 'mik ) , adj. dealing in, or 
containing, pithy or sententious say- 
ings ; didactic. Also gnomical. 

gnomide ('mid), n. a female gnome, 
supposed to keep guard over dia- 
monds. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hCie, hut ; think, then. 



gno 



381 



god 



gnomiometrical ( -mi-o-met'ri-kal ) , 
adj. employed in the measurement 
of angles. 

gnomon ('mon), n. the style which 
by its shadow on a dial shows the 
time of day ; the figures made up of 
the two complements of a parallelo- 
gram, together with either of the 
parallelograms about the diameter. 

gnomonics ('iks), n.pl. the science 
of dialing. 

gnosiology (no-si-ol'o-ji), n. that 
branch of philosophy that treats of 
the principles of cognition. 

gnosis ('sis), n. higher knowledge or 
insight. 

Gnostic (nos'tik), adj. pertaining to 
the Gnostics or the adherents of 
Gnosticism. 

gnostic, adj. knowing; shrewd. 

Gnosticism ('ti-sizm), n. a system 
of religion and Greek and Oriental 
philosophy (lst-6th century A.D.) 
intermediate between Christianity 
and paganism. 

gnu (noo), n. a ruminant horned ani- 
mal with a head resembling a buf- 
falo, of the antelope kind, inhabit- 
ing South Africa. 

go (go), v.i. Ip.t. went, p.p. gone, 
p.pr. going], to depart; proceed; 
move on ; pass from one state or 
place to another ; conduce ; contrib- 
ute ; be habitually used or said ; 
pass current ; succeed ; fall out or 
terminate ; move by mechanism ; 
strike, as a clock ; act in harmony 
with ; fit or suit ; be expended ; car- 
ry young in the womb : n. the fash- 
ion ; enterprise or push ; difficulty 
or scrape ; a glass of spirits. 

goa ('a), n. the Tibetan gazelle. 

goad (god), n. a pointed stick to urge 
on cattle : v.t. to urge on with, or as 
with, a goad ; stimulate : v.i. to act 
as a goad. 

goaf (gof), n. [pi. goaves (govz)], 
a place left in the old workings of a 
coal mine ; the coal-waste left there. 

goal (gol), n. the winning post at a 
race or at football : hence, the end 
aimed at. 

goat (got), n. a ruminating horned 
quadruped with long hair. 

goatee (go-te'), n. a goat-like beard. 



gobble (gob'l), v.t. to swallow hasti- 
ly or greedily : v.i. to utter a cry like 
a turkey : n. the noise of a turkey ; 
a quick straight stroke in putting at 
golf. 

gobelin (go'be-lin, go'blin, go-be- 
lang'), n. a superior kind of French 
tapestry. 

go-between ('be-twen), n. an inter- 
mediary. 

goblet (gob'let), n. a drinking-vessel 
with a stem and without a handle. 

goblin ('lin), n. an evil, mischievous 
spirit ; gnome ; fairy. 

goby (go'bi), n. [pi. gobies ('biz)], 
a fish of peculiar shape. 

go-by Cbi), n. avoidance; evasion. 

go-cart ('kart), n. a contrivance for 
teaching children to walk ; a child's 
cart ; a light village cart. 

God (god), n. the Supreme Deity, 
and self-existent Creator or Up- 
holder of the Universe. 

god,n. a supernatural being conceived 
of as possessing divine powers or 
attributes ; idol ; a person or thing 
deified or honored to excess ; an oc- 
cupant of the upper gallery of a 
theater. 

godcbild ('child), n. one for whom 
one is sponsor at baptism. 

goddess ('des), n. a female deity; a 
woman of superior charms or excel- 
lence. 

godfather ('fa-]57ter), n. one who 
acts as sponsor to another at bap- 
tism : v.t. to act as godfather to. 

Godhead ('hed), n. the Divine es- 
sence, nature, and attributes ; the 
Supreme Deity. 

godbood ('hood), n. divinity. 

godliness ('li-nes), n. piety; devo- 
tion. 

godly Cli), adj. devout; pious. 

God-man ('man), n. the union of 
deity and manhood in Jesus Christ. 

godmother ('mu^/i-er), n. a female 
sponsor at baptism. 

godroon (go-droon'), n. fluting or 
beading of olive shape. 

God's-acre (godz'a-ker), n. a church- 
yard. 

godsend (god'send), n. unexpected 
assistance or acquisition. 

godspeed ('sped), n. success. 

god-wit ('wit), n. a curlew-like bird. 



ate, arm, aek, at, awl : me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; booQi 
book ; hue. hut : think, i/ien. 



«oe 



382 



gon 



goer (go'er), n. one who, or that 
which, goes. 

gofPer (gofer), v.t. to form flutes 
in ; crimp. 

goffering (-ing), n. fluting for frills, 
&c. ; indented ornamentation on the 
edge of a book. 

goggle (gog'l), v.i. to strain or roll 
the eyes : adj. staring ; prominent : 
n. a strained or affected rolling of 
the eyes : pi. a particular kind of 
spectacles for protecting the eyes 
from dust, excessive light, &c. 

going (go'ing), n. the act of depart- 
ing or moving ; state of roads. 

goiter (goi'ter), n. a swelling of the 
glands in the front part and side of 
the neck : prevalent in mountainous 
districts. 

goitrous ('rus), adj. affected with 
goiter. 

d-olconda (gol-kon'da), n. a mine of 
wealth. 

gold (gold), n. a metallic element, 
soft, ductile, and of a bright yellow 
color when pure ; money ; wealth ; 
precious or pure quality ; in archery, 
the bull's-eye. 

gold-beater ('be-ter), n. one who 
beats gold into thin leaves for gild- 
ing. 

gold-bug ('bug), n. one who advo- 
cates gold as the only money stand- 
ard. 

gold-carp_ ('karp), n. the goldfish. 

golden (gold'n), adj. formed of, con- 
sisting of, or resembling, gold ; shin- 
ing ; lustrous like gold ; bright ; most 
valuable ; excellent. 

golden age, n. the fabled primeval 
age of perfect human happiness and 
innocency. 

golden number (num'ber), n. a 
number which shows the year of the 
moon's cycle. 

'golden-pheasant (-fez-ant), n. a 
handsome Chinese pheasant. 

golden rod (-rod), n. a tall plant of 
the aster familywith yellow flowers. 

golden rule (rool), n. the rule to 
treat others as we ourselves wish 
to be treated _(cf. Matthew vii. 12). 

goldfields Cfeldz), n.pl. auriferous 
deposits and diggings in Australia, 
Alaska, California, South Africa, 
&c. 



goldfincb ('finch), n. a beautiful 
singing bird with yellow-streaked 
wings and a red throat. 

goldfish, ('fish), n. an orange-col- 
ored fresh-water fish of the carp 
family. 

goldsmith ('smith), n. a worker in 
gold, or dealer in gold-plate. 

goldylocks (-loks), n. a common 
name for various plants with yellow 
flowers, as the buttercup. 

golf (golf), n. a game played with a 
small gutta-percha ball and club- 
headed sticks, the object being to 
drive the ball into a series of small 
holes with the fewest possible 
strokes : v.i. to play golf. 

Golgotha (gol'go-thji), n. (Hebrew 
the place of a skull) the place where 
Jesus Christ was. crucified. 

golgotha, n. a burial place. 

gommer (gom'er), n. milled amel- 
corn (an inferior wheat) : much 
used in parts of Germany as an in- 
gredient in soups. 

gomphiasis (-fi'a-sis), n. looseness 
of the teeth. 

gomuti (go-moo'ti), n. a tough hair- 
like fiber obtained from the sago- 
palm : used for cordage ; ejoo. 

gonad (gon'ad), n. a germ-gland. 

gonagra (go-nag'ra), n. gout in the 
knee. 

gondola (gon'do-la), n. a long nar- 
row Venetian pleasure boat pro- 
pelled by one oar ; a ■ flat-bottomed 
boat or railway car used for carry- 
ing coal, produce, &c. 

gondolier (-do-ler'), n. the rower of 
a gondola. 

gondolino (-le'no), n. a racing gon- 
dola. 

gone (gon), p. adj. ruined; lost; char- 
acterized by faintness or weakness ; 
carried away : said of a spar, &c. 

goneness ('nes), n. a state of weak- 
ness or collapse. 

goner ('er), n. one who is lost or 
ruined. 

gonfalon ('fa-Ion), n. standard or 
ensign, usually with streamers. 

gong (gong), n. a tambourine-shaped 
musical instrument of bronze, which 
is struck by a padded stick. 

goniometer (go-ni-om'e-ter) , n. an 
instrument for measuring angles. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met: mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



eon 



383 



go< 



gono, a prefix in many scientific 
words, meaning generation, repro- 
duction, as gonohl&st, a reproduc- 
tive cell or bud. 

gonopliore (gon'o-for), n. the gen- 
erative bud or receptacle of a hy- 
drozoan ; in plants, an elongated re- 
ceptacle elevating the pistil and sta- 
mens above the floral envelope. 

gonorrlioea (-re'a), n. a venereal dis- 
ease. 

good (good), adj. [comp. better, su- 
perL best], having excellent quali- 
ties ; proper, fit for, adapted, or con- 
ducive to, any particular object : 
pious ; moral ; kind ; well-disposed ; 
favorable ; beneficial ; convenient ; 
useful ; unblemished ; adequate ; ex- 
pedient ; reliable ; well-informed ; 
full ; not irritable : n. that which 
contributes to happiness ; moral 
qualities ; prosperity ; benefit : pi. 
household furniture ; merchandise : 
interj. an expression of assent or 
pleasure. 

Good Friday (fri'da), n. a fast hqld 
in commemoration of the crucifixion 
of Jesus Christ on the Friday be- 
fore Easter Day. 

goodliuess ('li-nes), n. grace; physi- 
cal beauty. 

goodly ('li), adj. [comp. goodlier, 
superl. goodliest], good-looking; no- 
ble ; considerable ; pleasant. 

goodman ('man), n. the master of a 
house. 

goodness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being good; benevolence; ex- 
cellence. 

goods and chattels (chat'lz), n. 
personal property. 

goodwife ('wif), n. [pi. goodwives 
('wivz)], the mistress of a house. 

goodwill (-wil'), n. benevolence; 
kindly feeling ; the value a business 
has over and above stock-in-trade, 
&c. ; the money paid for such value ; 
friendly disposition. 

goody ('i), adj. affectedly or weakly 
pious; namby-pamby: n. {pi. good- 
ies) a person affectedly or weakly 
pious ; a poor old rustic woman ; a 
kind of sweetmeat. 

googul (goo'gul), n. a gum obtained 
from a tree of the myrrh family. 



goose (goos), n. [pi. geese (ges)], a 
web-footed domesticated bird of the 
genus Anser ; a tailor's smoothing 
iron ; a silly person. 

gooseberry (gooz'ber-i), n. [pi. 
gooseberries (-iz)], the fruit of a 
shrub of the genus Ribes ; the shrub 
itself : adj. made of gooseberries. 

gooseneck (goos'nek), n. a bent iron 
fitted to the extremity of a boom or 
yard. 

gooseiving ('wing), n. a studding- 
sail ; the lower corner of a fore-sail 
or square main-sail when the body 
of the sail is furled. 

gopher (go'fer), v.i. to mine unsys- 
tematically : n. a North American 
burrowing, rat-like rodent ; a wood 
mentioned in the Old Testament 
(Gen. vi. 14). 

goral ('ral), n. the Nepaul antelope. 

Gordian (gor'di-an), adj. pertaining 
to the Phrygian King Gordius, or to 
the intricate knot tied by him in his 
harness, which Alexander the Great 
cut with his sword. 

gordian, n. anything intricate or 
difficult. 

gore (gor), n. congealed or clotted 
blood ; a triangular piece sewn into 
a dress, sail, &c. ; a narrow or tri- 
angular piece of land : v.t. to pierce 
as with a horn ; furnish with gores : 
said of a garment, &c. 

gorge (g6rj)j n. the throat; gullet; 
that which is gorged or swallowed ; 
a narrow passage between moun- 
tains or hills : v.t. to swallow with 
greediness or in large mouthfuls : 
satiate : v.i. to feed greedily. 

gorged (gorj'd), adj. having a gorge; 
in heraldry, bearing a crown or the 
like about the neck. 

gorgeous ('jus), adj. glittering in 
various colors ; splendid ; showy ; in- 
clined to magnificence. 

gorget Cjet), n. a protective piece 
of armor for the throat or neck ; a 
crescent-shaped' breast-plate. 

Gorgon ('gun), n. one of three sis- 
ters in Greek mythology whose as- 
pect was so terrible that anyone who 
beheld them was turned to stone. 

gorgoneia (-go-ni'a), n.pl. masks 
carried in the form of Gorgons' 
heads : used as keystones in arches. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, */ien. 



gor 



384 



gow 



gorilla (go-ril'a), n. an African an- 
thropoid ape some 5 ft. in height 
with powerful limbs; the largest 
ape known. 

gormand (gor'mand), n. a greedy or 
ravenous eater ; glutton ; a connois- 
seur in table delicacies. 

gormandize (-iz), v.i. to eat greedi- 
ly or voraciously. 

gorse (gors), n. the common furze; 
whin. 

gorsy ('i), adj. covered with gorse. 

gory (gor'i), adj. covered or stained 
with gore. 

goshaivk (gos'hawk), n. a raptorial 
bird of the hawk family. 

gosling (goz'ling), n. a young goose; 
a catkin. 

gospel (gos'pel), n. the announce- 
ment of the salvation of mankind by 
Jesus Christ ; the history of the life 
and doctrines of Jesus Christ, con- 
tained in the four canonical books 
of SS. Matthew, Mark, Luke, and 
John ; a selection from these in the 
Church service ; the general doc- 
trines of the New Testament ; some- 
thing received as infallibly true : 
adj. pertaining to the gospel. 

gospeler (-er), n. an evangelist; the 
priest who reads the gospel at the 
altar. 

gossamer ('a-mer), n. a very fine 
spider's web which floats in the air; 
a very thin soft filmy strong gauze : 
adj. very thin, like gossamer ; flim- 
sy. 

gossip ('ip), n. familiar or idle talk; 
scandal ; a babbler ; formerly a 
sponsor, neighbor, or friend : v.i. to 
tell idle tales about others; tattle; 
chat. 

got, p.t. of get. 

Goth (goth), n. one of an ancient 
Teutonic tribe that overran the Ro- 
man Empire (3rd and 4th centuries 
A.D.) ; an uncivilized person, espe- 
cially one who is destitute of artis- 
tic taste. 

Gothic ('ik), adj. pertaining to the 
Goths or their language ; denoting 
the style of architecture character- 
ized by high and pointed arches, 
clustered columns, &c. : n. the lan- 
guage of the Goths ; the Gothic or 
pointed style of architecture. 



gouge (gouj), n. a rounded hollow 
chisel for cutting grooves or holes ; 
a swindle : v.t. to scoop out with a 
gouge : v.i. force out the eye with 
the thumb or finger. 

gonger ('er), n. one who, and that 
which, gouges ; a swindler. 

gourami (goo'ra-mi), n. an Oriental 
fish, cultivated for food. Also go- 
ramy. 

gourd (gord), n. a plant and fruit 
of various species of the genus Cu- 
curbita, the shell of which is used 
for holding liquids ; a gourd-shaped 
vessel. 

gourmet (goor'ma'), n. an epicure. 

gout (gout), n. a painful inflamma- 
tory disease of the joints or extremi- 
ties, especially of the great toe. 

gouty (gout'i), adj. pertaining to, or 
affected with, gout. 

govern (guv'ern), v.t. to control by 
authority ; regulate ; direct ; man- 
age ; steer ; restrain ; require to be 
in a particular mood, case, &c. : v.i. 
to exercise authority ; administer 
the law. 

governance (-ans), n. government; 
control. 

governante (-ant), n. a governess; 
duenna. 

governess (-es), n. a lady who trains 
and instructs children ; an instruc- 
tress ; teacher. 

governing (-ing), p.adj. exercising 
control ; prevalent ; ruling. 

government (-ment), n. the act of 
governing; administration of pub- 
lic affairs ; established state of le- 
gal authority ; executive power ; 
self-control ; relation between two 
words by which one determines the 
case or mood of another. 

governmental (-men'tal), adj. per- 
taining to, connected with, or pro- 
ceeding from, the government. 

governor ('ern-er), n. one who is 
invested with supreme authority ; 
chief ruler ; tutor ; a mechanical de- 
vice for regulating the speed of an 
engine, &c. 

gown (goun), n. a woman's outer 
garment, or dress ; a long loose robe 
worn by university or professional 
men : the emblem of peace ; a long 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



«ow 



385 



gra 



loose outer covering or wrapper, as 
a dressing-gown, &c. 

go'wned (gound), adj. attired in a 
gown. 

goivnsman (z'man), n. one who 
wears a gown professionally ; a ci- 
vilian. 

gowt (gout), n. a sluice in an em- 
bankment for letting out water. 

grab (grab), v.t. \_p.t. & p.p. grabbed, 
p.pr. grabbing], to seize suddenly 
and forcibly ; snatch : n. a sudden 
and forcible seizure : a large East 
Indian coaster with two or three 
masts. 

grabble ( '1 ) , v.i. to feel about ; grope. 

grabouge (gra-boozh'), n. a card 
game. 

grace (gras), n. any excellence, char- 
acteristic attraction, or endowment, 
natural or acquired ; elegance of 
action or language ; beauty ; embel- 
lishment ; the unmerited favor and 
love of God towards man in Christ ; 
divine sanctifying, regenerating, 
and preserving influence ; spiritual 
excellence ; virtue ; a brief prayer 
before or after meals ; a respectful 
title of address appplied to an arch- 
bishop or duke ; behavior or de- 
meanor ; indulgence or privilege ; in 
music, an ornamental note or pas- 
sage ; an act, vote, or decree of the 
governing body of a university or 
college : v.t. to adorn or embellish ; 
honor ; dignify ; favor. 

graceful ('fool), adj. full of grace 
or beauty ; easy and elegant in man- 
ner or demeanor. 

gracefully (-li), adv. in a graceful 
manner. 

grace-note ('not), n. an ornamental 
note. 

gracious (gra'shus), adj. showing or 
bestowing grace, kindness, or mer- 
cy ; affable ; polite. 

grackle (grak'l), n. a starling-like 
bird. 

gradate (gra'dat), v.t. to produce in 
grades ; blend by gradation. 

gradatim. (gra-da'tim), adv. by de- 
grees. 

gradation (gra-da'shun), n. a regu- 
lar advance or progress, step by 
step ; regular arrangement ; a grad- 



ual blending of one tint into an- 
other ; series ; order. 

gradatory (grad'a-to-ri), adj. pro- 
ceeding by gradations ; suited for 
walking: n.pl. (gradatories) a se- 
ries of steps leading from a cloister 
into a church. 

grade (grad), n. a step or degree in 
rank, dignity, quality, order, &c. ; 
the rise or descent of a railroad, &c. : 
v.t. to level and prepare (ground) 
for laying the rails of a railway ; 
arrange in a regular series : v.i. to 
take rank. 

gradely ('li), adv. decently ; properly. 

gradient (gra'di-ent), adj. advancing 
by steps ; walking or running on 
legs ; ascending or descending in a 
certain proportion : n. the incline of 
a railway or road ; in meteorology, 
the rate of atmospheric pressure or 
temperature. 

gradine (-den), n. a sculptor's 
toothed chisel ; a tier of seats (gra- 
dang'). 

gradual (grad'u-al), adj. proceeding 
by degrees ; step by step ; regular 
and slow : n. a response sung after 
the Epistle ; an ancient book of an- 
thems or scripture sentences : so 
called because some were chanted on 
the steps of the pulpit. Also grad- 
uale, grail. 

gradually (-li), adv. in a gradual 
manner. 

graduate ('ti-at), n. one on whom 
an academical degree has been con- 
ferred : v.t. to mark with degrees or a 
scale ; temper : v.i. to take or re- 
ceive an academical degree ; change 
by degrees : adj. having been gradu- 
ated. 

graduation (-a'shun), n. the con- 
ferring or reception of an academi- 
cal degree ; regular progression ; a 
marking intodegrees or parts. 

graduator ('u-a-ter), n. an instru- 
ment for dividing lines into equal 
minute parts ; an electro-magnet for 
making and breaking gradually a 
telegraphic circuit. 

gradus (gra'dus), n. a dictionary of 
Greek and Latin prosody (Gradus 
ad Parnassum). 

graffito (graf-fe'to), n. [pi. graffiti 
('te)], rude writing, or sketching, 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl : me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book : hue, hut ; think, then. 



gra 



386 



gra 



on the wall of an ancient building, 
as at Rome. 

graft (graft), n. a small shoot of a 
tree inserted into another tree : 
hence something incorporated with 
a foreign stock ; an unlawful or ir- 
regular perquisite ; a bribe : v.t. to 
insert as a shoot in another tree ; 
join so as to receive support from 
another thing ; In surgery, to trans- 
plant (tissue) : i;.*. to practice graft- 
ing ; to accept bribe money. 

grail (gral), n. a dish or chalice, es- 
pecially the Holy Grail (Sangreal), 
the cup used by Jesus Christ at the 
. Last Supper, said to have been pre- 
served by Joseph of Arimathea, who 
collected in it some of the blood 
which flowed from our Lord on His 
crucifixion ; a gradual. Also graal. 

grain (gran), n. any minute hard 
mass ; a single seed of corn ; the 
smallest particle or amount ; a unit 
of weight = l-20th of a scruple, 
l-24th of a pennyweight; the ar- 
rangement of particles in a body ; 
texture ; a red dye obtained from 
cochineal insects : pi. the refuse of 
malted barley : v.t. form into grains ; 
to paint in imitation of the grain of 
wood. 

grainer ('er), n. one who imitates 
the grain or texture of wood ; a 
graining tool. 

graining ('ing),) n. painting in imi- 
tation of the grain or texture of 
wood ; a process in dyeing ; the peb- 
bling of paper or leather in book- 
binding. 

graxa, see gramme. 

grama-grass (gra'ma-gras), n. a 
low pasture grass of the West and 
Southwest United States. 

gramercy (gra-mer'si), inter j. great 
thanks ! 

graminivorous ( gram - i - ni v'o - rus ) , 
adj. feeding on grasses. 

grammalogue ('a-log), n. in pho- 
nography, a word represented by a 
single sign. 

grammar ('er), n. the art of speak- 
ing or writing a language correct- 
ly ; the science that treats of the 
principles that govern the correct 
use of language ; an elementary 
treatise. 



grammarian (-ma'ri-an), n. one 
who is versed in grammar ; a phi- 
lologist. 

grammatical (-at'ik-al), adj. per- 
taining to grammar, or its rules. 

grammatically (-li), adv. in a gram- 
matical manner. 

grammaticism ('i-sizm), n. a point 
in grammar. 

grammaticize ('i-siz), v.t. to ren- 
der grammatical. 

gramme (gram), n. the unit of 
weight in the metric system, 15.43 
grains troy. Also gram. 

grammopetalous (-6-pet'a-lus), adj. 
having the petals very narrow. 

gramophone ('o-fon), n. an instru- 
ment for recording and reproducing 
speech. 

grampus ('pus), n. a large cetacean, 
akin to the porpoise ; a corpulent 
person. 

granadilla ( gran-a-dil'a ) , n. the edi- 
ble fruit of a species of passion- 
flower. 

granary ('a-ri), n. [pi. granaries 
( -riz ) ] , a store-house for grain ; a 
country where grain is the chief 
product. 

grand (grand), adj. high in dignity 
or power ; illustrious ; chief ; great ; 
magnificent ; splendid ; sublime ; no- 
ble ; of striking excellence or im- 
pressive dignity ; conceived or ex- 
pressed in dignified language ; com- 
prehensive ; complete ; the second 
degree of parentage or descent : n. 
a grand piano. 

grandam (gran'dam), n. a grand- 
mother ; an old woman. 

grandchild (grand'child), n. the 
child of one's son or daughter. 

granddaughter ('daw-ter), n. the 
daughter of one's son or daughter. 

grandee (gran-de'), n. a Spanish no- 
bleman of the highest rank. 

grandeur ( ' jiir ) , n. greatness ; vast- 
ness ; sublimity ; splendor of ap- 
pearance ; social distinction and 
display ; elevation of thought, sen- 
timent, or demeanor. 

grandfather (grand'fa-^/ier), n. the 
father of one's father or mother. 

grandiloquent ( gran- dil'o-k went ) . 
adj. speaking in, or characterized 
by, a lofty or bombastic style. 



ate, arm, 



i, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book : hue. hut : think, then. 



gra 



387 



grandiose ('di-os), adj. really or af- 
fectedly grand or impressive. 

grandparent ('par-ent), n. the par- 
ent of one's parent. 

grandsire ('sir), n. a grandfather; 
male ancestor. 

grandson ('sun), n. the son of one's 
son or daughter. 

grand vizier (viz'er), n. the chief 
minister of the Turkish Empire. 

grange (granj), n. a farm with its 
dwelling-house, appurtenances, &c. ; 
a local lodge of the Patrons of Hus- 
bandry, a powerful agricultural as- 
sociation in the United^tates. 

granite (gran'it), n. a massive crys- 
talline rock composed of quartz, 
feldspar, and mica. 

granitic (-it'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or formed of, granite. 

granitoid (gran'i-toid), adj. resem- 
bling granite. 

granivorous (gra-niv'6-rus), adj. 
eating grain ; living on seeds. 

granny, abbreviation of grandmother. 

grant (grant), v.t. to give or confer, 
especially in response to a request ; 
admit as true (what has not been 
proved) ; concede; transfer the title 
of, for any good consideration : n. 
the act of granting ; a gift ; a be- 
stowing ; an allowance ; the thing 
conveyed ; an admission or conces- 
sion. 

grantee (-e'), **• the person to whom 
property is transferred by deed, &c. 

granter ('er), n. one who grants. 

grantor ('er), n. one who transfers 
property by deed, &c. 

granular ( gran'ti-lar ) , adj. composed 
of, or resembling, grains or granules. 

granulate ('u-lat), v.t. to form into 
grains or small masses ; roughen 
the surface of : v.i. to become granu- 
lar. 

granule ('ul), n. a small grain or 
particle. 

granulose ('u-los), n. the more solu- 
ble part of starch grains in plants, 
capable of being formed into sugar. 

grape (grap), n. the fruit of the 
grape-vine ; a vine of the genus 
Vitis ; grape-shot. 

grapery ('er-i), n. a vinery. 

grape-shot ('shot), n. a cluster of 



small shot arranged in tiers of three 
shots each between plates, so as to 
disperse when fired. 

graphic (graf'ik), adj. pertaining to 
the art of writing or delineating ; 
vividly described ; well delineated ; 
life-like. Also graphical. 

graphically (-al-li), adv. in a graph- 
ic manner. 

graphite ('it), n. a metallic variety 
of carbon. 

graphitic (gra-fit'ik), a (?;. pertaining, 
to, or obtained from, graphite. 

grapho, a prefix meaning loriting or 
delineation, as grap}wi>hone, an in- 
strument resembling the phono- 
graph, but having a rubber cylinder 
instead of one of' wax. Also graph. 

graphology (graf-ol'o-ji), n. the art 
of describing character by the hand- 
writing. 

graphometer (-om'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring the degrees 
in an angle. 

graphophone, see under grapho. 

graphotype ('o-tip), n. a chemical 
process for producing surface-blocks 
speedily ; the chalk process. 

grapnel (grap'nel), n. a kind of 
small anchor usually with flukes ; 
heavy tongs used for lifting stone, 
ice, &c. 

grapple (grap'l), v.t. to lay fast hold 
of : v.i. struggle or contend in close 
fight : n. a close fight ; a seizing ; 
close hold, as in wrestling, &c. ; a 
mechanical device for taking hold 
of anything. 

grasp (grasp), v.t. to seize or catch 
at ; hold by clasping or contracting : 
v.i. to endeavor to seize ; struggle 
or grapple ; lay hold of greedily ; 
encroach : n. a seizure of the hand ; 
reach of the hand ; power of seiz- 
ure ; hold ; intellectual capacity. 

grasping ('ing), p.adj. avaricious. 

grass (gras), n. field or hill pasture; 
herbage having hollow-jointed stalks,, 
a husky calyx, and the seed single; 
springtime ; that which is subject 
to decay : v.t. t® cover with grass; 
or turf ; bleach, by exposure on 
grass ; pasture or graze. 

grasshopper ('hop-er), n. a small 
nimble insect of the locust kind. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, but; think, then. 



gra 



388 



gre 



grassiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being grassy. 

grass-ivido-w ('wid-o), n. a wife 
whose husband is abroad. 

grassy ('i), adj. abounding in, cov- 
ered with, or like, grass. 

grate (grat), n. a framework of iron 
bars to hold fuel ; a set of bars : v.t. 
to rub or wear away by the friction 
of a rough body ; produce a sound 
of by the friction of rough or hard 
surfaces ; grind down ; furnish with 
a grate : v.i. make a harsh roise ; 
produce mental irritation. 

grateful ( 'fool ) , adj. thankful ; 
pleasurable. 

gratefully (-li), adv. in a grateful 
manner. 

graticulation ( gra-tik-u-la'shun ) , n. 
the art of dividing a plan, &c., into 
small squares for reduction or en- 
largement. 

gratification (grat-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
the act of gratifying ; satisfaction • 
pleasure ; reward or recompense. 

gratify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. grati- 
fied, p.pr. gratifying], to afford 
pleasure to ; indulge ; delight ; hu- 
mor. 

grating (grat'ing), n. an open frame- 
work or lattice of bars : p.adj. 
harsh ; irritating. 

gratis (gra'tis), adv. gratuitously. 

gratitude (grat'i-ttid), n. the state 
of being grateful ; appreciation of 
favors received ; thankfulness. 

grattoir (grat-twar'), n. a chipped 
stone or flint implement. 

gratuitous (gra-tti'i-tus), adj. free- 
ly bestowed ; voluntary ; without 
cause or provocation ; granted with- 
out merit or claim. 

gratuity ('i-ti), n. [pi. gratuities 
(-tiz)], a donation or present; free 
gift. 

gravamen (gra-va'men), n. cause 
of complaint or action. 

grave (grav), adj. serious; solemn: 
thoughtful ; sedate ; important ; in 
grammar, the grave, or long-sound- 
ing accent ; plain ; slow in move- 
ment ; very deep in pitch [Mus.] : 
n. an excavation in the earth for 
the reception of a dead body; place 
of interment ; place of great slaugh- 
ter or mortality; the place of the 



dead (Hades) : v.t. to shape or 
carve by cutting with a chisel ; en- 
grave. 

gravel (grav'l), v.t. to cover with 
gravel ; run aground on a beach : 
said of a vessel ; embarrass ; lame 
a horse by gravel under the shoe : 
n. fragments of rock coarser than 
saijd, and frequently intermixed 
with it ; a disease occasioned by the 
presence of calculi in the bladder 
and kidneys. 

gravelly (-li), adj. composed of, ©r 
abounding in, gravel. 

gravely (grav'li), adv. in a grave 
manner. 

graver ('er), n. a cutting tool used 
by engravers and sculptors ; an en- 
graver, or carver in stone. 

gravied (gra'vid), adj, covered, or 
served with, gravy. 

gravimeter (gra-vim'e-ter), n. an 
instrument for measuring the spe- 
cific gravity of liquid or solid bodies. 

gravimetric (grav-i-met'rik), adj. 
determined by weight. 

graving (grav'ing), n. the act of en- 
graving or incising ; the clearing ot 
the bottom of a ship. 

gravitate (grav'i-tat), v.i. to be 
acted upon or attracted by the force 
of gravity ; be naturally attracted. 

gravitation (-i-ta'shun), n. the force 
which attracts material bodies to 
each other. 

gravity ('i-ti), n. that force which 
tends to draw all bodies towards 
the center of the earth ; weight ; im- 
portance ; seriousness ; solemnity ; 
weight of guilt ; lowness of a tone 
or note [Mus.]. 

gravy (gra'vi),w. [pi;, gravies ('viz)], 
the fatty juice from roasting flesh. 

gray, another form of grey. 

grayling (gra'ling), n. a fresh-water 
fish of the salmon family. 

graze (graz), v.t. to furnish pasture 
for ; touch or rub lightly : v.i. to eat 
grass ; move along while grazing : n. 
a slight rub or touch. 

grazier (gra'zher), n. one who pas- 
tures cattle or breeds them for the 
market. 

grease (grez), n. soft animal fat; 

oily matter ; inflammation of the 

^^^ hoof and fetlock in horses, with a 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



gre 



389 



gre 



fetid discharge : v.t. to smear or 
rub with grease ; cause to move easi- 
ly ; bribe. 

greaser ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, greases ; a Mexican, or Mex- 
ican Creole. 

greasily ('i-li), adv. in a greasy 
manner. 

greasiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being greasy. 

greasy ('i), adj. [comp, greasier, su- 
perl. greasiest], resembling, smeared, 
or spotted with, grease ; oily ; unctu- 
ous ; foggy ; muddy. 

great (grat), adj. large; chief; prin- 
cipal ; weighty ; marvelous ; emi- 
nent; illustrious; high in rank or 
position ; sublime ; noble ; able ; ac- 
complished ; long-continued ; mag- 
nanimous ; high-minded ; wealthy ; 
sumptuous ; proud ; swollen ; preg- 
nant ; intimate ; denoting a step of 
ascending or descending consanguin- 
ity : adv. very much : n. the whole, 
or gross ; noble, or influential, peo- 
ple. 

Greater Britain ('er-brit'n), n. 
the colonies of Great Britain. 

great primer (grat prim'er), n. a 
size of type (see type). 

great seal (sel), n. the chief official 
seal of a kingdom, government, state. 
&c. 

Great Spirit (spir'it), n. the title 
applied to the Supreme Being by 
the Red Indians. 

greaves (grevz), n.pl. armor to pro- 
tect the legs from the ankle to the 
knee ; the sediment of melted tallow. 

grebe (greb), n. a four-toed tailless 
diving bird. 

Grecian (gre'shan), adj. pertaining 
to Greece ; a native or inhabitant of 
Greece ; a Greek scholar. 

Grecian bend (bend), n. a fashion 
prevalent among women in 1868 of 
bending the body forward in walk- 
ing. 

Grecism ('sizm), n. a Greek idiom. 

Grecize (gre'siz), v.t. to make Gre- 
cian ; translate into Greek : v.i. to 
imitate the Greeks in language, man- 
ner, &c. 

Greco, a prefix meaning Greek. 

greed (gred), n. avarice; greediness. 



greedily ('i-li), adv. in a greedy 
manner. 

greediness ('i-nes), n. the quality of 
being greedy. 

greedy ('i), adj. [comp. greedier, 
superl. greediest], voracious; glut- 
tonous ; eagerly desirous ; covetous. 

Greek (grek), adj. pertaining to, or 
resembling, Greece or the Greeks ; 
Hellenic : n. a Grecian ; the lan- 
guage of ancient and modern Greece ; 
something unintelligible. 

Greek Church (cherch) , n. the East- 
ern or Oriental Church. 

Greek-cross ('kros), n. a cross with 
four equal arms. 

Greek-fire ('fir), n. an inflammaMe 
material used by the ancient Greeks 
in warfare : said to have been inex- 
tinguishable in water. 

Greek orders (or'derz), n.pl. in 
architecture, the Doric, Ionic, and 
Corinthian orders. 

green (gren), adj. having the color 
of growing grass or plants ; of a 
color composed of blue and yellow ; 
fresh ; flourishing ; unripe ; not 
salted ; immature ; inexperienced ; 
raw ; pale ; sickly ; not four months 
old : said of a goose : n. the color of 
growing grass or plants ; a color 
composed of blue and yellow ; a 
grass plot or common : v.t. to make 
green : v.i. to become green. 

greenback ('bak), n. a paper money 
(U. S. legal-tender note) with a 
green back, first issued in 18G2. 

greenfinch ('finch), n. the green 
grosbeak. 

greenfly ('fli), n. a green plant- 
louse. 

greenhorn ('horn), n. a simpleton; 
novice. 

greenhouse ('hous), n. a conserva- 
tory. 

greenroom ('room), n. the actors* 
retiring-room in a theater. 

green sickness ('sik-nes), n. chloro- 
sis. 

greet (gret), v.t. to salute in kind- 
ness or respect ; congratulate : v.i. 
to exchange greetings. 

greeting ('ing), n. salutation; wel- 
come. 

gregale (gra-ga'la), n. a cold dry 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



gre 



390 



gri 



northeast wind prevailing at Malta ; 
the euroclydon. 

gregarian (gre-ga'ri-an), adj. liv- 
ing in herds ; common. 

gregarina (greg-a-rl'na), n. a very- 
minute parasite belonging to the 
Protozoa, 

gregarious (gre-ga'ri-us), adj. asso- 
ciating or going together in herds. 

grege (grej), n. raw silk. 

Crregorian calendar (kal'en-der), 
n. the reformed calendar introduced, 
1582, by Pope Gregory XIII. 

Gregorian chant (chant), n. the 
mediaeval system of choral music, in- 
troduced by Pope Gregory the 
Great ; plain song. 

gremial (gre'mi-al), n. an ecclesias- 
tical vestment worn by a bishop of 
the Roman Catholic Church. 

grenade (gren-ad'), n. an explosive 
shell fired by a fuse and thrown by 
hand. 

grenadier (gren-a-der'), n. originally 
a foot soldier who threw grenades, 
now a soldier of the Grenadier 
Guards. 

grenadine (-a-den'), n. a dress fabric 
of thin gauzy silk or wool ; a dye- 
stuff. 

gres (gra), n. a fine stoneware made 
in Germany. 

greiv, 'p.t. of grow. 

grey (gra), adj. of a white color 
with a mixture of black ; hoary ; ma- 
ture : n. the color of white mixed 
with black ; a grey horse. 

greybeard ('herd), n. an old man. 

greyhound ('hound), n. a slender 
swift hound used for coursing. 

griddle (grid'l), n. a broad shallow 
pan, used for cooking cakes ; a large 
sieve for sifting ore. 

griddle-cake (-kak), n. a thin but- 
ter cake. 

gride ^(grid), v.t. to jar harshly. 

gridelin (grid'e-lin), n. a color mixed 
of white and red, or a grey violet. 

gridiron ('irn), n. a grated iron 
utensil for broiling meat or fish ; a 
contrivance for examining and re- 
pairing the hulls of ships. 

grief (gref), n. mental pain on ac- 
count of present or past trouble ; 
that which causes sorrow or sad- 
ness ; physical pain. 



grievance (grev'ans), n. a sense of 
wrong or oppression ; just or sup- 
posed ground of complaint ; an in- 
justice ; cause of annoyance. 

grieve (grev), v.t. to cause to ex- 
perience grief ; affiict mentally : v.i. 
to be in sorrow ; lament. 

grievous ('us), adj. causing grief or 
sorrow ; hard to be borne ; painful ; 
oppressive ; pitiable ; atrocious ; vex- 
atious. 

griffin ('in), n. a fabulous animal 
with the body and legs of a lion, 
the wings and beak of an eagle, and 
with listening ears ; a watchful 
chaperon. Also griffon and gryphon. 

grig (grig), n. a grasshopper; crick- 
et ; the sand-eel ; heather. 

grill (gril), v.t. to broil; torment, 
as if by grilling : v.i. to be broiled : 
n. a gridiron ; grilled meat. 

grillade (-ad'), n. the act of grill- 
ing ; grilled meat. 

grillage ('aj), n. an arrangement of 
sleepers and crossbeams forming a 
foundation in loose or marshy soil 
for erections. 

grille (gre-la'), n. lace with a back- 
ground of parallel bars. 

grille (gril), n. an open grating or 
screen of wrought metal ; a kind of 
frame for hatching fish. 

grim (grim), adj. [comp. grimmer, 
superl. grimmest], of a forbidding 
aspect ; stern and surly ; hideous ; 
frightful ; cruel ; unyielding. 

grimace (gri-mas'), n. a distortion 
of the countenance ; smirk : v.i. to 
make grimaces. 

grimalkin (-mawl'kin), n. an old 
cat. 

grime (grim), n. foul matter; dirt 
deeply ingrained : v.t. to make dirty 
or grimy. 

grimily ('i-li), adv. in a grimy man- 
ner. 

griminess ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being grimy. 

grimy ('i), adj. full of grime. 

grin (grin), n. the act of closing the 
teeth and showing them ; a broad 
smile : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. grinned, p.pr, 
grinning], to show the teeth in 
laughter, scorn, or pain : v.t. to ex- 
press by grinning. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, but; think, then. 



gri 



891 



gro 



grind (grind), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
ground, p.pr. grinding], to pulverize 
or reduce to powder by friction ; 
sharpen or smooth by friction ; 
grate ; oppress ; harass ; prepare for 
examination ; study hard : v.i. to 
perform the act of grinding; be 
rubbed together ; turn a mill : n. the 
act of grinding ; hard study for an 
examination ; laborious and tedious 
work. 

grinder ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, grinds ; a molar tooth ; one 
who coaches pupils for an examina- 
tion. 

grindstone ('ston), n. sl flat, circu- 
lar stone for sharpening tools, &c. 

grinningly (grin'ing-li), adv. with a 
grin. 

grip (grip), n. a grasp with the 
hand ; a holding fast ; that by which 
' anything is held firmly ; a particular 

mode of grasping the hand, as 
among Freemasons ; grasping 
power ; a small ditch or trench ; 
grippe : v.t. to grasp, or seize : v.i. 
to take fast hold. 

gripe (grip), n. sl clasping with the 
hand' or -arms ; a squeeze ; pressure ; 
pinching distress : pi. colic : v.t. to 
hold with closed fingers ; grasp ; 
hold tightly ; seize ; clutch ; oppress ; 
pinch : v.i. to take firm hold. 

griping ('ing), adj. avaricious. 

grippe (grip, or grep), n. influenza. 
Also grip. 

gripper (grip'er), n. one who, or 
that which, grips; a mechanical de- 
vice for seizing and holding. 

grisaille (gri-zal' or gri-za'ya), n. 
a method of painting in grey tints, 
so as to represent a solid body in 
bas-relief. 

grisette (gre-zef), n. a Parisian 
shop-girl ; a French girl of the 
operative class who dresses coquet- 
tishly ; a moth. 

griskin (gris'kin), n. a hog's spine. 

grisly (griz'li), adj. terrible; savage- 
looking. 

grisly, same as grizzly. 

grison (gri'sun), n. a carnivorous 
mammal of South America resem- 
bling a weasel. 

grist (grist), n. grain for grinding: 
ground corn ; provision or supply. 



gristle (gris'l), n. cartilage. 

gristly ('li), adj. cartilaginous. 

grit (grit), n. rough, hard particles, 
as sand, &c. ; a hard sandstone com- 
posed of sharp silicious grains ; the 
coarse part of meal ; firmness of 
character ; courage : pi. oats hulled 
and coarsely ground. 

grittiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being gritty. 

gritty ('i), adj. composed of, con- 
taining, or resembling, grit ; cour- 
ageous. 

grizzly ('li), adj. somewhat grey: 
n. the grizzly bear, a large, fierce, 
bear of North America. 

groan (gron), n. a low, deep sound 
uttered in pain or sorrow ; a deep, 
rumbling sound expressive of dis- 
approbation or ridicule ; a low, dis- 
mal sound, as of the wind: v.i. to 
utter a groan ; lament ; be burdened : 
v.t. to express disapproval of by 
groans. 

groat (grot), n. formerly a silver 
coin current in England, value 4d. ; 
a trifling sum : pi. hulled oats. 

grocer (gro'ser), n. one who sells 
groceries. 

grocery (-i), n. [pi. groceries (-iz)], 
tea, coffee, sugar, spices, &c. (usu- 
ally pi.) ; a grocer's shop; a grog- 
shop. 

grog (grog), n. a mixture of spirits 
and water ; spirituous liquor : v.t. 
to make into grog by the addition 
of water. 

groggery ('er-i), n. a low drinking 
place ; a grog-shop. 

grogginess ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being groggy. 

grogging ('ing), n. the extraction of 
spirits from empty casks by hot 
water. 

groggy ('i), adj. tipsy; moving with 
an unsteady gait : said of horses ; 
staggering as if dazed : said of a 
pugilist. 

groin (groin), n. the depressed part 
of the human body between the thigh 
and the belly ; the angular curve 
made by the intersection of two 
arches : v.t. to build or form into 
groins. 

grommet (grom'et), n. a ring formed 
of a strand of rope laid round ; an 



fitf» fi.rm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boo% 
book ; hiie, hut ; think, then. 



grt 



392 



gro 



eyelet of metal ; a cannon-wad made 
of rope, and rammed between the 
powder and the ball. 

grooiu (groom), n. a man or boy who 
has charge of horses ; a bridegroom ; 
the title of several officers of the 
royal household: v.t. to feed and 
take care of, as a groom does a 
horse ; curry and brush. 

groomsman (groomz'man), n. one 
who attends a bridegroom ; best 
man. 

groove (groov), n. a channel or fur- 
row, especially as cut by a tool ; set- 
tled habit or routine: v.t. to form 
or cut a groove in. 

grope (grop), v.i. to feel one's way 
with the hands, as in the dark ; seek 
blindly : v.t. to search out, as in 
the dark, by feeling with the hands. 

gros (gro), n. a heavy silk fabric. 

grosbeak (gros''bek), n. the name of 
various warblers with a large stout 
beak, allied to the finches. 

grosgrain (gro'gran), n. a stout 
double-corded silk. 

gross (gros), adj. bulky; thick; 
coarse ; rude ; indelicate ; flagrant ; 
dull ; heavy ; corpulent ; dense ; 
whole : n. 12 dozen ; main body ; 
mass ; entire amount. 

grossuline (gros'u-lin), n. a prin- 
ciple obtained from certain acid 
fruits, as gooseberries. Also grossa- 
line. 

grot (grot), n. a grotto [Poet.]. 

grotesque (gro-tesk'), adj. fantas- 
tically or oddly formed ; extrava- 
gant ; whimsical ; ridiculous : n. 
whimsical ornamentation, figures, or 
scenery ; the incongruous or uncouth 
in art. 

grotto (grot'o), n. a natural or arti- 
ficial cavern in the earth. 

grotto-xsrork (-werk), n. ornamental 
work in imitation of grottos. 

ground (ground), n. the earth or 
soil ; surface of a floor or pave- 
ment ; land ; territory ; country ; es- 
tate ; foundation ; cause or reason : 
origin ; original principle ; a funda- 
mental or preparatory part in va- 
rious arts ; plain song : pi. dregs 
or sediment : v.t. to place or set on, 
or in, the ground ; settle in first 
principles ; base ; cover with paint 



or plaster ; run aground : v.i. /o take 
the ground ; place dependence on : 
adj. fundamental : p.t. & p.p. of 
grind. 

ground-hog ('hog), n. the wood- 
chuck ; the aardvark. 

groundsel ('sel), n. a weed of the 
aster family with yellow flowers. 

ground-swell ('swel), n. a broad, 
deep, heavy, rolling sea, caused by a 
distant storm or earthquake. 

group (groop), n. a small crowd or 
assemblage ; a cluster ; an assem- 
blage of figures or objects forming 
an artistic whole ; a division of 
organisms with certain characteris- 
tics ; the chief division of a geological 
system : v.t. to form into a group. 

grouse (grous), n. red and black 
heath-game ; partridge ; pheasant ; 
prairie-hen. 

grout (grout), n. mortar or cement 
mixed with gravel, used for founda- 
tions and joints of masonry ; a fine 
plaster for ceilings ; coarse meal : v.t. 
to surround or fill in with grout. 

grouty (grout'i), cross; sulky; dreg- 
gy. 

grove (grov), n. a small wood; a 
row of trees shading an avenue. 

grovel (grov'el), v.i. to lie prone; 
move with the body prostrate on the 
ground ; be mean or debased. 

groveler (-er), n. one who grovels. 

groveling (-ing), p.adj. lying pros- 
trate ; mean ; undignified. 

grow (gro), v.t. [p.t. grew, p.p. 
grown, p.pr. growing], to cultivate: 
v.i. to increase in stature or size 
by natural organic development; be 
produced by vegetation ; increase : 
flourish ; thrive ; become ; advance ; 
become fixed or attached. 

growl (groul), n. a deep angry snarl 
or murmur: v.i. to snarl or murmur 
like a dog; grumble. 

growler ('er), n. one who, and that 
which, growls ; a North American 
perch ; a four-wheeled cab ; pitcher 
or pail of beer. 

grown, p.p. of grow. 

growth (groth), n. the progressive 
increase of animal or vegetable bod- 
ies ; advancement ; increase ; prog- 
ress ; result ; effect. 



tte, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



gm 



393 



gue 



grub (grub), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. grub- 
bed, p.pr. grubbing], to dig up; root 
out of the ground ; provide with 
food : v.f. to drudge or toil ; per- 
form dirty work : n. the larva of a 
beetle, moth or other insect ; food ; 
a sloven or dirty person. 

grubber ('er), one who, or that 
which, grubs. 

grudge (gruj), v.t. to regard with 
envy or discontent ; give or take 
with reluctance : n. secret malice or 
ill-will ; an old dislike or quarrel. 

gruel (groo'el), n. sl light semi-liquid 
food made of oatmeal, &c., for in- 
valids. 

gruesome (groo'sum), adj. horrible 
of aspect ; inspiring gloom or hor- 
ror. 

gruff (gruf), adj. rough or surly in 
voice or manner ; harsh ; hoarse. 

gru-gru (groo'groo), n. the larva of 
a South American weevil, cooked for 
food as a delicacy. 

grumble (grum'bl), v.i. to murmur 
discontentedly ; find fault. 

grum.bling ('bling), n. the act of 
murmuring discontentedly. 

grumous (groo'mus), adj. consisting 
of clustered grains; thick or clotted. 

grumpily (grump'i-li), adv. in a 
grumpy manner. 

grumpiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being grumpy. 

grumpy ('i), adj. surly; cross; low- 
spirited. 

grunt (grunt), n. the guttural noise 
of a hog; an edible marine Ameri- 
can fish : v.i. to make a noise like a 
hog. 

gruyere (groo-yar'), n. a Swiss or 
French cheese made from skim-milk. 

gryposis (gri-po'sis), n. an ingrow- 
ing of the nails. Also gryphosis. 

grysbok (gris'bok), n. a South Afri- 
can antelope. 

guaco (gwa'ko), n. tropical Ameri- 
can plant, used as a specific for 
snake-bites. 

Guaiacumi (gwi'a-kum), n. a genus 
of tropical American and West In- 
dian shrubs and trees from which a 
resin, extensively used in medicine, 
is pbtained. 

guan (gwan), n. a gallinaceous bird 
of South America. 



guanaco (gwa-na'ko), n. the wild 
llama of the Andes. 

guaniferous (gwa-nif'er-us), adj. 
yielding guano. 

guanine ('nin), n. a principle found 
in guano, pancreatic juice, &c. 

guano ('no), n. the dung of sea-birds 
found in thick layers in South 
America and Africa, yielding a valu- 
able manure. 

guarantee (gar-an-te'), n. an en- 
gagement made by a third person 
to secure the fulfillment of an agree- 
ment ; one who becomes surety for 
the performance of another's acts : 
v.t. to undertake that another shall 
perform a certain stipulation ; war- 
rant ; be responsible for. Also guar- 
anty. 

guarantor ('an-t5r), n. one who 
guarantees, or makes, a guaranty. 

guaranty, the legal form of guar- 
antee. 

guard (gard), v.t. to watch over or 
protect ; preserve by caution ; shield 
or defend : v.i. be cautious ( with 
against) : n. security or defense 
against injury or attack ; a state 
of vigilance or caution ; attention ; 
any contrivance or device for se- 
curity ; an official in charge of a 
train ; a man or body of men em- 
ployed for defense or control. 

guarded ('ed), p.adj. defended; 
careful ; cautious ; circumspect. 

guardian ('i-an), n. one who has the 
care of the person or property of 
another ; a warden : adj. protecting ; 
tutelary. 

guard-ship ('ship), n. a warship 
stationed at a port or harbor for its 
protection. 

guardsman (z'man), n. [pi. guards- 
men ('men) ], an officer or soldier of 
the guards. 

guava (gwa'va), a tree of tropical 
America yielding a pear-shaped 
fruit, from which a jelly is made. 

gubernatorial ( gu-ber-na-to'ri-al ) , 
adj. pertaining to a governor or to 
his office. 

gudgeon (guj'un), n. a small edible 
fresh-water fish ; a person who is 
easily imposed upon ; an iron pin 
or shaft on which a wheel revolves. 

guerdon (ger'dun), n. a reward. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, but ; think, then. 



gue 



394 



gul 



guerilla (ger-il'a), n. one of an ir- 
regular force engaged in harassing 
an enemy in small bands ; petty war- 
fare : adj. belonging to, or consisting 
of, guerillas ; pertaining to irregular 
warfare. 

Guernsey (gern'zi), n. a breed of 
dairy cattle from the island of 
Guernsey. 

guernsey (gern'zi), n. a close-fitting 
knitted woolen shirt. 

guess (ges), n. a conjecture; the act 
of guessing : v.t. to hit upon at ran- 
dom ; believe or think : v.i. to con- 
jecture. 

guess-work ('werk), n. random 
conjecture ; work performed by 
guess. 

guest (gest), n. one who is enter- 
tained at the house or table of an- 
other. 

guevi (gwa've), n. a South African 
antelope. 

guffaw .( guf-f aw'), n. a rude boister- 
ous laugh. 

guffer ('er), n. the eel-pout. 

guhr (goor), n. a loose earthy de- 
posit found in the clefts and cavities 
of rocks. 

guib (gwib), n. a West African ante- 
lope. 

guidable (gid'a-bl), adj. that may be 
guided. 

guidance ('ans), n. direction ;" lead- 
ing. 

guide (gid), n. one who leads or 
directs ; conductor ; director ; a 
soldier or other person who obtains 
information for an army ; that by 
which one directs his course ; a 
guide-book : v.t. to lead or direct ; 
influence ; regulate ; govern by coun- 
sel. 

guide-book ('book), n. a handbook 
for the direction of travelers. 

guidon (gi'dun), n. the forked flag of 
a troop of light cavalry ; the flag of 
a guild or confraternity. 

guild (gild), n. a fraternity; corpo- 
ration ; association. Also gild. 

guilder ('er), n. the Dutch florin, 
value about 40.2 cents. 

guile (gil), n. deceit; cunning; du- 
plicity. 

guileful ('fool), ad), full of guile. 

fite, arm, ask. 



guillemot (gil'e-mot), n. a species of 
auk. 

guilloche (gil-losh'), n. a series of 
interwoven or twisted ornaments. 

guillotine ('o-ten), n. an apparatus 
for beheading a criminal by means- 
of a heavy knife sliding in two up- 
right grooves: v.t. (-o-ten') to be- 
head with the guillotine. 

guilt (gilt), n. the state of one who 
is liable to a penalty ; sin ; crim- 
inality. 

guiltily ('i-li), adv. in a guilty man- 
ner. 

guiltiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being guilty. 

guilty ('i), adj. [comp. guiltier, 
superl. guiltiest], justly chargeable 
with a crime ; wicked ; criminal ; not 
innocent. 

guinea (gin'e), n. a gold coin, for- 
merly current in England, value 
21s. or about $5. 

guinea-fowl (-foul), n. a greyish- 
blue gallinaceous bird with white 
spots, originally from Guinea. 

guinea-pig (-pig), n. a small do- 
mesticated South American rodent, 
allied to the cavy. 

guipure (ge-piir'), n. a kind of lace 
or gimp. 

guise (giz), n. external appearance; 
dress ; mien. 

guitar (gi-tar'), n. a six-stringed in- 
strument, on the principle of the 
violin, played with the fingers. 

gnla (gu'la), n. [pi. guise ('!§)], n. 
the gullet ; throat. 

gular ('lar), adj. pertaining to the 
gula. 

gulcb (gulch), n. a rocky or rough 
narrow valley. 

gulf (gulf), n. an arm of the sea 
extending into the land, interme- 
diate in size between a bay and 
sea ; a deep place in the earth ; an 
abyss ; whirlpool ; something insati- 
able. 

gulf stream (strem), n. a vast and 
important warm ocean-current flow- 
ing out from the Gulf of Mexico. 

gull (gul), n. a web-footed sea-fowl 
with long wings ; one who is easily 
cheated : v.t. to cheat ; deceive ; im- 
pose upon. 



at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, f/ien. 



%nl 



395 



gns 



.gullet ('et), n. the throat; oesopha- 
gus. 

gullibility (gul-i-biri-ti), n. capac- 
ity for being gulled. 

.gullible (gul'i-bl), adj. capable of 
being easily deceived. 

gully ('i), n. [pi. gullies ('iz)], a 
channel or hollow worn by water : 
narrow ravine ; a metal tram-rail or 
-plate. 

gulp (gulp), v.t. to swallow down 
eagerly or in large draughts : n. the 
act of gulping ; swallow. 

gum (gum), n. the soft fleshy part 
of the jaws by which the teeth are 
surrounded ; a semi-transparent 
viscid vegetable substance that ex- 
udes from certain trees and shrubs 
and hardens on the surface : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. gummed, p.pr. gum- 
ming], to smear or unite with gum. 

gum arable (ar'a-bik), n. a gum ob- 
tained from various species of 
acacia. 

gumbo ('bo), n. a dish or soup made 
from the gummy pods of the Dkra ; 
a Creole patois ; prairie mud. 

gumminess ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being gummy. 

gum.my ('i), adj. like gum. 

gumption (gump'shun), n. quickness 
of perception ; common sense ; in the 
fine arts, the art of preparing col- 
ors. 

gumptious ('shus), adj. shrewd; 
smart. 

gun (gun), n. an instrument for dis- 
charging shot, by the force of an ex- 
plosive : v.i. to shoot with a gun. 

gunboat (gun'bot), n. a warship of 
light draught, next in size to a 
cruiser, carrying several heavy guns. 

guncotton ('kot-n), n. a highly ex- 
plosive substance formed by the ac- 
tion of nitric and sulphuric acid 
upon cotton, or some other vegetable 
fibre. 
gun-fire ('fir), n. the hour at which 
the morning and evening gun is 
fired. 
gunjab. Cjii), n. the hemp plant of 
India. Also ganja, 
I gun-metal ('met-al), n. an alloy of 
■ copper and tin. 

gunnel, same as gunwale. 

gunner ('er), n. one who works a 



gun ; an artilleryman ; a warrant- 
officer in the navy who has charge 
of the ordnance of a war-vessel and 
ordnance-stores. 

gunnery ('er-i), n. the science of 
artillery. 

gunning ('ing), n. the shooting of 
game with a gun. 

gunny ('i), n. [pi. gunnies ('iz), 
a coarse heavy sackcloth of jute or 
hemp. 

gunpo-wder ('pou-der), n. an explo- 
sive substance composed of sulphur, 
niter and charcoal : a fine kind of 
green tea. 

Gunter's cbain (gun'terz chan), n. 
a surveyor's chain used in measur- 
ing land, 66 ft. long, and divided in 
100 links of 7.92 in. each. 

Gunter's scale (skal), n. a large 
plane scale, with various lines of 
numbers engraved upon it, by means 
of which surveyors' and navigators* 
calculations are determined. 

gunwale (gun'l), n. the upper edge 
of the side of a ship next to the 
bulwarks. 

gurgitation (ger-ji-ta'shun), n. a 
state of boiling, or whirling round. 

gurgle (ger'gl), v.i. to flow or run 
with a purling bubbling sound : n. 
a purling, bubbling noise. 

gurglet Cglet), n. a porous earthen 
vessel for cooling water. 

gurnet ('net), n. an edible sea-fish 
with a large angular head and rough 
bony skin. Also gurnard. 

gurrah (gur'a), n. a plain coarse 
Indian muslin. 

gurry ('i), n. in India, a small native 
fort ; crude oil from the livers of 
fish. 

gush (gush,) n. a sudden and violent 
flow of a liquid from an inclosed 
space ; outburst ; an extravagant 
display of sentiment : v.i. to issue 
with violence and rapidity ; flow 
copiously ; be extravagantly senti- 
mental. 

gusher ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, gushes ; an oil well that dis- 
charges its contents without the aid 
of machinery. 

gusset (gus'et), n. a small triangular 
piece of cloth inserted in a garment 
to strengthen or enlarge a part. 



ate, Urm, fisk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



gns 



396 



gy» 



gust (gust), n. a sudden squall; a 
sudden and violent outburst of pas- 
sion. 

gustatory ('ta-to-ri), adj. pertaining 
to the taste. 

gustful ('fool), adj. full of gusto. 

gusto ('to), n. zest; relish. 

gusty ('i), adj. characterized by 
gusts. ' 

gut (gut), n. the intestinal canal; an 
intestine ; catgut ; a narrow channel 
or strait : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. gutted, 
p.pr. gutting], to extract the en- 
trails of ; eviscerate ; to plunder, or 
empty entirely. 

gutta-percha (-per'cha), n. a red- 
dish-brown horn-like substance ; the 
inspissated juice of the gutta-percha 
tree {Isonandra gutta) of the Malay 
Archipelago. 

gutter ('er), n. a channel for carry- 
ing away water : v.t. to cut into 
small channels ; furnish with gut- 
ters : v.i. to run in drops. 

guttering (-ing), n. a making into 
hollows ; the act of falling in drops ; 
material for making gutters. 

guttural ('er-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or produced in, the throat : w. a 
letter produced in the throat. 

gutturally (-li), adv. in a guttural 
manner. 

guy (gi), n. a rope, chain, &c., to 
swing and keep steady a heavy body : 
an effigy, especially of Guy Fawkes ; 
a person oddly or dowdily dressed : 
v.t. to steady or guide with a guy ; 
ridicule ; delude. 

guzzle (guz'l), v.i. to drink greedily 
and immoderately : n. intoxicating 
liquor ; a drunken debauch. 

guzzy ('i), n. an East Indian cotton 
cloth. 

gwiniad (gwin'i-ad), n. a Welsh 
trout ; the powan. Also guiniad. 

gymn, a prefix meaning naked, desti- 
tute of, occurring in many com- 
pound words. Also gymno. 

gymnantlious (jim-nan'thus), adj. 
without calyx or corolla. 

gymnasium (-na'zi-um), n. [pi. gym- 
nasia (-a)], a building where gym- 
nastic exercises are practiced ; a 
school for the higher branches of 
literature and art; in ancient 



Greece, a place for athletic exer- 
cises, provided with baths, &c., also, 
in connection with it, apartments in 
which philosophic discussions were 
carried on. 

gymnast ('nast), n. one who prac- 
tices, or is expert in, gymnastics. 

gymnastic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or of the nature of, gymnsatics. 

gymnastics ('iks), n,pl. athletic ex- 
ercises ; the art of developing the 
physical powers by athletic exer- 
cises. 

gymno, prefix see gymn. 

gymnogens (jim'no-jens),w.pZ. plants 
having naked seeds, or not inclosed 
in an ovary. 

gymnotus (jim-no'tus), n. the elec- 
tric eel of South America. 

gynarcliy (jin'ar-ki), n. government 
by a woman ; female rule. 

gyne, a prefix meaning woman, fe- 
male. Also gyneco. 

gynecocracy (jin-e-kok'ra-si), n. fe- 
male rule or supremacy. Also gyne- 
ocracy. 

gynecology (jin-e-kol'o-ji), n. that 
branch of medical science which 
treats of the functions and diseases 
of women. 

gyneolatry ('ol'a-tri), n. excessive 
homage paid to women. 

gyno, prefix meaning ovary or pistil, 
occurring in various botanical terms, 
as firynophore, the long stalk upon 
which some ovaria are situated, as 
in the passion flower. 

gypsum (jip'sum), n. sulphate of 
lime ; plaster of paris. 

Gypsy, same as Gipsy. 

gyral (ji'ral), adj. rotatory; whirl- 
ing. 

gyrate ('rat), v.i. to revolve round a 
central point ; rotate ; wheel. 

gyratory ('ra-to-ri), adj. revolving 
in a circle. 

gyre (jlr), n. a fetter for the legs: 
v.t. to fetter. 

gyro, a prefix in various scientific 
words meaning a circle, round. 

gyroscope (ji'ro-skop), n. an instru- 
ment for demonstrating the laws ot 
rotation. 

gyrostat (-stat), n. an instrument 
for demonstrating the dynamics of 
rotating rigid bodies. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book : hue, hut ; think, then. 




h.a. (ha), inter j. an expression of 
wonder, joy, hesitation, &c. : v.i. to 
express wonder, &c. ; hesitate. 

liaaf (haf), n, a deep-sea fishing- 
bank off the Shetlands. 

liabeas corpus (ha'be-as kor'pus, 
Latin have the body), a writ to pro- 
duce a prisoner at a stated time and 
place to declare the cause of his de- 
tention. 

liaber dasher (hab'er-dash-er), n. a 
dealer in small wares, as ribbons, 
lace, tapes, needles, &c. 

liaberdasliery (-i), n. the wares sold 
by a haberdasher ; a haberdasher's 
shop. 

babergeon ('er-jun), n. a coat of 
mail covering the neck and breast. 

IxabilimeKt (ha-bil'i-ment), n. an 
article of clothing : pi. dress. 

babilitate ('i-tat), vA. to become 
qualified. 

babit (hab'it), n. ordinary course of 
conduct ; general condition or tend- 
ency ; disposition ; established cus- 
tom ; dress ; a woman's riding-dress ; 
the distinctive dress worn by mem- 
bers of a religious order: v.t. to 
dress ; furnish with a habit. 

habitable ('it-a-bl), adj. fit to be 
dwelt in. 

habitant ('it-ant), n. a dweller; per- 
manent resident ; a farmer of French 
descent, in Canada and Louisiana. 

habitat ('i-tat), n. the natural lo- 
cality of animals, plants, &c., in 
their wild state ; geographical range. 

habitation (-i-ta'shun), n. residence 
or place of abode ; natural locality ; 
a Primrose League lodge. 



habited ('i-ted), p.adj. wearing a 
habit or dress. 

habitual ( ha-bit'ti-al ) , adj. formed 
or acquired by use ; customary ; in- 
veterate. 

habitually (-li), adv. by habit. 

habituate ('u-at), v.t. to make fa- 
miliar by use or custom ; familiarize. 

habitude (hab'i-tud), n. habit; cus- 
tomary manner or mode ; familiar- 
ity. 

habitue (ha-bit'u-a), n. one who 
habitually frequents a place of 
amusement, &c. 

hacienda (a-the-en'da, or has-i-en'- 
da.), n. in Spanish America, a large 
plantation on which the owner is 
resident ; an isolated farm ; an es- 
tablishment for raising stock, farm 
produce, &c. 

hack (hak), v.t. to cut irregularly 
and into small pieces ; injure by 
cutting; notch; kick (the shins of 
another) at football; let out for 
hire : n. a notch ; hollow irregular 
cut ; a horse let out for hire ; a kick 
on the shins at football ; a carriage 
let out for hire ; a hackney-coach ; 
a literary drudge ; a drying frame 
for fish ; a place where green bricks 
are dried ; a feeding rack. 

hackberry ('ber-ri), n. a large North 
American forest-tree, with an edible 
fruit. 

hackbut ('but), n. an arquebus. 

hackee ('e),n. the chipmunk. 

hackia ('i-a), n. a lofty South Amer- 
ican tree of the madder family. 

hacking ('ing), adj. notching; ir- 
ritating and wearing : said of a 
cough : n. the stacking of bricks for 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not 
i book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 

397 



boon. 



liac c 

drying ; a particular method of mas- 
sage ; a process in gem cutting. 

hackle (hak'l), v.t. to dress or comb, 
as flax or hemp ; tear into pieces ; 
mangle in cutting : n. sua implement 
with sharp spikes for cleansing 
flax or hemp ; unspun fiber ; a long 
narrow feather in the neck of a 
cock, used for making artificial flies 
for angling; a feather fly for an- 
gling. 

hackmatack ('ma-tak), n. the red 
American larch, or tamarack. 

hackney ('ni), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. hack- 
neyed, p.pr. hackneying], to wear 
out by constant use ; make common- 
place : adj. let out for hire ; com- 
mon or trite : n. a hackney-coach ; a 
horse kept for hire ; a nag. 

hackney-coach (-koch), n. a li- 
censed carriage that plies for hire. 

hackneyed ('nid), p.adj. worn out; 
commonplace. 

had, p.t. of have. 

haddock ('ok), n. a sea-fish of the 
cod family. 

Hadean (ha-de'an), adj. pertaining 
to Hades. 

Hades ('dez), n. the abode and state 
of the dead. 

hading (had'ing), n. the deviation 
from the vertical of a vein or stra- 
tum ; underlay. 

haema, a prefix meaning hlood, occur- 
ring in many scientific words. Also 
haem, hsemat, hsemo, hemo. 

hsemachrome (hem'a-krom), n. the 
coloring matter of the blood. 

haemadromonieter (-dro-mom'e-ter) , 
n. an instrument for determining the 
velocity of the flow of blood. 

haemal (he'mal), adj. pertaining to 
the blood. 

hsemalopia (hem-a-lo'pi-a), n. dis- 
ease of the eye in which objects ap- 
pear red. 

hsematemesis (-a-tem'e-sis), n. vom- 
iting of blood from the stomach. 

haematic (he-mat'ik), adj. pertaining 
to the blood : n.pl. that branch of 
physiology that treats of the blood. 

haematoid (hem'a-toid), adj. blood- 
like. 

haemoglobin (-o-gl6'bin), n. same as 
hemoglobin. 



18 hal 

haemoptysis ( he-mop ''ti-sis), n. same 
as hemoptysis. 

haemorrhage (hem'o-raj), n. same 
as hemorrhage. 

haemorrhoids ('o-roids), n.pl. same 
as hemorrhoids. 

haft (haft), n. a handle of a tool or 
knife : v.t. to furnish with a haft or 
handle. 

hag (hag), n. a witch; an ugly old 
woman ; a cartilaginous fish, para- 
sitic in the bodies of other fish. 

haggard ('ard), adj. worn and anx- 
ious in appearance ; lean and hollow- 
eyed. 

haggle ('1), v.i. to higgle. 

haik (hak), n. an outer woolen gar- 
ment with colored stripes worn by 
the Arabs. 

hail (hal), n. frozen raindrops; a call 
or salutation : v.i. to pour down 
hail : v.t. to pour down or out like 
hail ; call to or salute. 

haily ('i), adj. consisting of, or like, 
hail. 

hair (har), n. one of the small horny 
fibrous tubes with a bulbous root 
growing out of the skin of a mam- 
mal ; the mass of such horny fibrous 
tubes ; minute hair-like filaments on 
the surface of plants. 

hairsplitting ('split-ing), adj. mak- 
ing oversubtle or very minute dis- 
tinctions, in reasoning or statement. 

hairspring ('spring), n. a very fine 
spring to regulate the balance wheel 
of a watch. 

hair-trigger (har'trig-er), n. a sec- 
ondary trigger of a gun. 

hairy ( 'i ) , adj. covered with, abound- 
ing in, or resembling, hair. 

hake (hak), n. an edible seafish al- 
lied to the cod. 

halation (ha-la'shun), n. a halo on a 
photographic plate. 

halberd (hal'berd), n. a mediaeval 
weapon consisting of a long staff to 
which an axe was affixed with a 
spear-like point. Also halbert. 

halcyon ('si-un), adj. pertaining to • 
the kingfisher ; peaceful ; happy ; 
calm : n. the kingfisher : from the 
fable that its hatching season was in 
calm weather. 

hale (hal) , adj. sound bodily ; healthy ; 



Ite, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



lial 



399 



ham 



hearty : v.t. to drag or draw by vio- 
lence. 

half (haf), n. [pi. halves (havz)], 
one of two equal parts ; a school 
term ; in football, a half-back : adv. 
equally ; partly : adj. consisting of a 
half ; approximating. 

half-and-half, n. a mixture of ale 
and porter, or of old and new ale. 

half-blood ('blud), n. one whose 
parents are of different races ; rela- 
tionship between persons who have 
one parent in common. 

half-breed ('bred), n. a person of 
mixed blood : as, an Indian half- 
breed. 

half-caste ('kast), n. a person of an 
East Indian parent on one side and 
of a European on the other. 

halibut (hal'i-but), n. a large edible 
flatfish. 

halicore ('i-kor), n. the dugong. 

hall (hawl), n. a large room for 
the transaction of public business, 
entertainments, &c. ; a court of jus- 
tice ; the first large room of a house ; 
a manor-house ; a college dining- 
room ; the dinner served there ; the 
public room of a. corporation or 
guild ; a minor college. 

hallelujah (hal-e-loo'ya), n. (He- 
brew, Praise ye Jehovah) an ascrip- 
tion of praise to God ; a musical 
composition having as its theme such 
an ascription of praise : adj. singing, 
or containing, hallelujah. Also al- 
leluiah. 

hallelujah lass (las), n. a female 
member of the Salvation Army. 

halliard, same as halyard. 

hall-mark (hawl'mark), n. the oflS- 
cial mark of the Goldsmiths' Compa- 
ny and other English assay offices, 
attesting the quality of the gold and 
silver articles on which it is im- 
pressed : hence a mark or proof of 
genuineness. 

halloo (ha-lo'), inter j. an exclama- 
tion to call attention to or cheer 
one ; a shout to attract attention, or 
to cheer or urge on : v.t. to shout 
out ; incite or cheer on, as dogs : v.i. 
to cry out loudly. Also holloa. 

halloxv (hal'o), v.t. to consecrate; 
devote to sacred purposes ; revere. 



Halloween (-en'), n. the Eve of All 

Saints or All Hallows, Oct. 31. 

hallucination ( hal-loo-si-na'shun ) , 
n. belief in something imaginary ; 
delusion ; error. 

halo (ha'lo), n. a ring or circle of 
light round the sun or moon, caused 
by refraction ; a ring of light or 
nimbus. 

halogen (hal'o-jen), n. an element as 
chlorine, bromine, iodine, and fluo- 
rine, which forms saline Compounds* 
by combining with other elements. 

haloid ('oid), adj. resembling salt. 

halt (hawlt), n. the act of limping; a 
stop in marching : adj. crippled or 
lame : v.i. to be lame ; limp ; be du- 
bious or hesitate ; to stop in march- 
ing. 

halter ('er), n. one who halts ; a rope 
for hanging criminals ; a rope for 
leading or holding a horse : v.t. to 
put on, or secure with, a halter. 

halve (hav), v.t. to divide into two 
equal parts ; fasten together, as tim- 
bers. 

halves, pi. of half, 

halyard (hal'yard), n. a rope or 
tackle for hoisting a sail, flag, &c. 
Also halliard. 

ham (ham), n. the hinder part of the 
thigh ; a thigh of an animal, espe- 
cially a pig, salted and smoked ; a 
house ; village : in place names of 
Anglo-Saxon origin, as Tottenham. 

Hamamelis (-a-me'lis), n. an order 
of shrubs, to which the witch-hazel 
belongs, and from which a medicinal 
extract is obtained. 

Hamburg ('berg), n. a rich kind of 
black grape; a breed of black do- 
mestic fowl. 

hame (ham), n. one of the curved 
bars on the collar to which the traces 
of a draught horse are fastened. 

hamerkop (ham'er-kop), n. an Afri- 
can bird with hammer-shaped feath- 
ers on its head. 

hamiform ('i-form), adj. hook- 
shaped. 

hamlet ('let), n. a small village. 

hammer ('er), n. an instrument with 
a handle and iron head for driving 
nails, beating metals, &c. ; anything 
resembling a hammer in its action 
or shape : v.t. to beat with, or as 



ate, arm, isk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, liSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, 'aut ; think, then. 



ham. 



400 



lian 



with, a hammer ; forge ; beat ; work 
in the mind : v.i. to work hard. 

hammer-beam (-bem),w. a horizon- 
tal piece of timber projecting from 
the inside of a wall. 

hammer-clotli (-kloth), n, the cloth 
which covers a coach-box. 

iiammock ('ok), n. a swinging bed 
usually of network or canvas. 

hamper ('per), n. a large wicker- 
work basket for carrying food, &c. ; 
the rigging of a ship : v.t. to put 
into, or inclose in, a hamper ; em- 
barrass ; perplex ; impede. 

hamshackle ('shak'H, v.t. fasten the 
head of an animal to one of its fore- 
legs, as a horse. 

hamster ('ster), n. a species of grain- 
storing rat with two cheek-pouches 
and a short tail. 

hamstring ('string), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
hamstrung, p.pr. hamstringing], to 
lame by cutting the tendons of the 
ham : n.pl. the strong sinews at the 
back of the knee. 

hand (hand), n. the divided and ter- 
minal extremity of the human arm 
connected with the wrist, a similar 
organ terminating the fore-limb of 
certain animals ; something resem- 
bling a hand in appearance or use ; 
a measure of 4 in. ; dexterity in 
manipulation or performance ; right 
or left side ; possession ; style of 
writing ; an employg who labors with 
his hands ; a sailor ; cards held ; a 
game ; pledge of betrothal ; near- 
ness ; gain ; advantage ; agency of ; 
index of any kind ; turn of a player 
to serve the ball at tennis, &c. ; a 
shoulder of pork : v.t. to give or 
transmit with, or as with, the hand ; 
assist or lead with the hand : adj. 
pertaining to, ^ used by, the hand. 

handicraft ('i-kraft), n. the work or 
skill of an artificer ; manual skill, or 
labor : adj. pertaining to manual la- 
bor. 

handily (han'di-li), adv. in a handy 
manner. 

handiness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being handy. 

handiwork (-werk), n. work done, 
or produced by, the hands. 

handkerchief (hang'ker-c hif ) , n. a 

ate, iirm, ask, at, awl 



pocket handkerchief ; a silk or cot- 
ton square for the neck. 

handle (hand'l), n. that part of a 
tool, vessel, &c., grasped by the 
hand ; an instrument or occasion : 
v.t. to touch or feel with the hand ; 
manage ; manipulate ; discourse on ; 
act toward or treat ; buy, sell, or in- 
vest in : v.i. to work with the hands. 

handmaid ('mad), n. a female serv- 
ant or attendant. Also handmaiden. 

handscrew ('skroo), n. a lifting-jack. 

handsel ('sel), n. an earnest given 
to make good a contract ; the act of 
using anything for the first time ; a 
gift, especially at the time of the 
New Year : v.t. to give a handsel to ; 
use or do for the first time. 

handsome ('sum), pleasing to look 
upon ; well-formed ; elegantly 
dressed ; graceful ; liberal ; gener- 
ous ; ample. 

handy ('i), adj. [comp. handier, su- 
perl. handiest], dexterous; skilful; 
convenient ; close at hand ; manage- 
able. 

hang (hang), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. hung, 
hanged, p.pr. hanging], to suspend; 
to fasten to something so as to be 
movable ; suspend by the neck ; 
cause to droop ; display ; show aloft ; 
attach or fasten ; furnish with orna- 
ments or drapery suspended or fas- 
tened to the walls, &c. ; catch fast : 
v.i. to be suspended ; bend forward ; 
be dependent upon ; dangle ; cling ; 
be in a deadlock : n. method of hang- 
ing ; manner of doing or using ; gen- 
eral tendency ; slope. 

hangar (ahng'gahr), n. a shed or 
shelter for housing aeroplanes, bal- 
loons and all other air-craft. 

hangdog ('dog), adj. of degraded or 
sneaking appearance. 

hanger ('er), n. one who hangs; that 
by which something is hung or sus- 
pended ; a kind of cutlass. 

hanging ('ing), p. adj. suspended or 
dangling ; suggesting or involving 
death by hanging: n. the. act of put- 
ting to death by the punishment of 
the halter : pi. drapery for a room. 

hangman ('man), n. [pi. hangmen 
('men)], a public executioner. 

hangnail ('nal), n. a small piece of 



me, merge, met; mite, 
book; hue, hut; think, 



mit ; 
tliQn. 



note, north, not ; boon. 



!han 



401 



bar 



skin hanging from the root of a fin- 
ger-nail ; an agnail. 

lianif (ha-nef), n. an orthodox Mo- 
hammedan ; a monotheistic Arab, 
before the time of Mohammed. 

liank (hangk), n. two or more skeins 
of thread, silk, wool, &c., fastened 
together ; one of the wooden rings to 
which a fore-and-aft sail is bent ; a 
withy or rope for fastening a gate : 
v.t. to form into .hanks. 

hanker i'er), v.i. to desire eagerly 
(with after). 

kanky-panky ('ki-pang'ki), n. jug- 
glery : adj. tricky ; cheating. 

lianse (bans), n. a confederacy of 
merchants or commercial towns. 

Hanseatic (-e-at'ik), adj. pertaining 
to the Hanse towns or their confed- 
eracy. 

Hanse tojxrn (toun), n. a town con- 
federated with another for mutual 
trade and protection. 

kansom ('sum), n. a two-wheeled cab. 

kap (hap), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. happed, 
p.pr. happing], to happen ; befall cas- 
ually : v.t. cover or wrap [Scotch] : 
n. chance ; a casual event ; a cloak 
or wrapper [Scotch]. 

hapkazard ('haz-ard), n. chance; 
accident : adv. by chance. 

hapless (hap'les), adj. unfortunate; 
unlucky ; unhappy. 

kaploma ('lo-ma), n. an outer cloth 
for an altar. 

kaply ('li), adv. by chance; perhaps. 

kappen ('n), i;.i. to chance; occur. 

kappily ('i-li), adv. successfully; by 
good fortune ; felicitously. 

happiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being happy ; good fortune : felici- 
tousness. 

happy ('i), adj. [comp. happier, 
superl. happiest], enjoying pleasure 
or good ; successful ; prosperous ; 
lucky ; living in concord ; satisfied ; 
propitious ; felicitous. 

haptic ('tik), adj. relating to the 
sense of touch. 

harakiri (hii'ra-ke-ri), n. formerly, 
in Japan, a method of suicide by rip- 
ping open the bowels, permitted to 
nobles and military officers so as to 
escape the indignity of a public exe- 
cution or official disgrace. Called also 
happy despatch : hari-kari (wrongly) . 



karangue (ha-rang'), n. a public ad- 
dress or oration, especially extem- 
pore : v.i. to deliver a harangue : v.t. 
to address by a harangue. 

karass (har'as), v.t. to annoy or vex; 
fatigue or weary with labor or im- 
portunity ; to tire out and annoy an 
enemy by incessant petty attacks. 

karassing (-ing), p.adj. fatiguing; 
annoying. 

karassment (-ment), n. the act of 
harassing ; the state of being har- 
assed. 

karbinger (har'bin-jer), n. a pre- 
cursor ; forerunner : v.t. announce ; 
foretell ; usher in. 

karbor ('ber), n. a port or haven for 
ships ; any place of refuge or safety ; 
formerly an inn or lodging : v.t. to 
shelter or protect ; cherish. 

karborage (-aj), n. a port or anchor- 
age for ships. 

kard (hard), adj. compact and solid; 
firm ; not easy to be pierced or 
broken ; unyielding ; difficult of ac- 
complishment ; laborious ; fatiguing ; 
cruel ; oppressive ; severe ; keen ; 
austere ; inflexible ; unfeeling ; ex- 
acting ; not easily granted ; rough ; 
coarse ; unprosperous ; uttered gut- 
turally ; stiff or formal : adv. forci- 
bly ; laboriously ; diligently ; tem- 
pestuously ; closely ; near ; roughly ; 
to the utmost extent ; so as to be- 
come hard ; with vexation, trouble, 
or sorrow : n. a roadv^ay of hard ma- 
terial by the sea; a pier or landing- 
place : pi. the refuse of flax or 
wool ; alum and salt mixed together, 
used for giving a white color to 
bread. 

karden ('n), v.t. to make hard or 
harder ; confirm in impudence or 
wickedness ; toughen ; inure : v.i. to 
become hard or harder. 

kardikood ('i-hood), n. effrontery; 
boldness ; physical endurance. 

kardily ('i-li), adv. with hardihood. 

kard-labor ('la-ber), n. work im- 
posed as an additional punishment 
to a term of imprisonment. 

kardly ('li), adv. with difficulty; 
scarcely ; vigorously ; severely ; with- 
out delicacy ; coarsely : unfavorably. 

kardness ('nes), n. the quality of 
being hard. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



bar 



402 



har 



bard-pan ('pan), n. in mining, a 
stratum of gravel or sand ; a solid 
foundation. 

hardship ('ship), n. oppression; se- 
vere labor or want ; injustice. 

hard-tack ('tak), n. large hard 
cracker or biscuit baked for army 
and navy use. 

hardware ('war), n. manufactured 
articles of metal. 

hare (har), n. a rodent, with long 
ears and a short tail, larger than a 
rabbit, characterized by its great 
timidity. 

harebell ('bel), n. a species of cam- 
panula, the bluebell of Scotland. 

harebrained ('brand), adj. volatile; 
wild. 

barefoot ('foot), n. a long narrow 
foot ; a fast runner. 

barebound ('hound), n. a harrier. 

harelip ('lip), n. a malformation of 
the upper lip, which is divided in the 
middle. 

harem (ha' or ha'rem), n. the apart- 
ments of the women and children in 
a Mohammedan house ; the wives 
and concubines of a Mohammedan. 
Also hareem, haram. 

hare's-foot (harz'foot), n. a species 
of fern ; a kind of clover ; the foot 
of a hare used in making up by 
actors. 

hare's-tail ('tal), n. a species of cot- 
ton-grass allied to the bulrushes. 

haricot (har'iko), n. a kind of stew 
of meat and vegetables ; the kidney- 
bean. 

hark (hark), v.i. to listen. Also 
harken. 

harlequin (har'le-kwin), n. the per- 
former in a pantomime who wears 
parti-colored garments and carries a 
talismanic wand : adj. fantasic or 
full of trickery ; parti-colored : v.i. to 
make fun by sportive tricks. 

harlequinade (-ad'), n. that part of 
a pantomime in which the harlequin 
appears : an extravaganza. 

harlot ('lot), n. a prostitute. 

harlotry (-ri), n. the trade or prac- 
tice of prostitution. 

harm (harm), n. injury; hurt; dam- 
age ; moral evil or wrong-doing : v.t. 
to inflict hurt, damage, or injury 
upon. 



barmel ( 'mel ) , n. an herb of the rue 
family used in the East as a vermi- 
fuge and disinfectant. 

harmful (harm'fool), adj. hurtful; 
injurious. 

harmfully (-li), adv. injuriously. 

harmonic (har-mon'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or producing, harmony ; mu- 
sical ; concordant ; harmonious ; also 
harmonical : n.pl. the science of mu- 
sical sounds. 

harmonica (-mon'i-ka), n. a musical 
instrument the tones of which are 
produced by friction from a number 
of musical glasses filled to various 
heights with water ; a mouth-organ ; 
an oblong musical instrument con- 
sisting of a number of glass slips 
which are struck by a mallet. Also 
harmonicon. 

harmonically ('ik-al-li), adv. in a 
harmonic manner. 

harmonic triad (tri'ad) , n. the com- 
mon chord, consisting of its third 
and perfect fifth. _ 

harmonious (-mo'ni-us), adj. con- 
cordant ; musical ; symmetrical. 

barmonipbon (-mon'i-fon), n. a 
musical wind instrument with reeds 
and a keyboard. 

harmonize ('mo-niz), v.t. to render 
harmonious ; cause to agree ; recon- 
cile : v.i. to agree ; be in peace and 
friendship ; correspond. 

harmonist ('mo-nlst), n. one who is 
skilled in harmony ; an expounder of 
the harmony of the Scriptures, espe- 
cially of the Gospels. 

harmonium (-mo'ni-um), n. a reed- 
organ. 

harmony ('mo-ni), n. [pi. harmonies 
(-niz)], the quality of being pleas- 
ing to the ear ; unison ; just adapta- 
tion of parts to one another, so as 
to form a connected whole ; accord 
in feeling, sentiment, &c. ; a literary 
work showing the agreement be- 
tween parallel or similar histories 
or passages. 

harness ('nes), n. the working gear 
of a horse ; the accoutrement and 
armor of a knight ; any arrange- 
ment, as of straps, &c., for perform- 
ing some mechanical operation: v.t.. 
to put harness upon ; equip, as a 
knight. 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; thinks then. 



Bar 



403 



liat 



barp (harp), n. a musical stringed 
instrument of triangular shape, 
played with the fingers : v.i. to play 
on the harp ; dwell tediously or per- 
sistently on some particular subject 
(with on or upon). 
' ' harping ('ing), n. the act of playing 
upon a harp : pi. the breadth of a 
ship at the bow. 
i harpoon (-poon'), n. a long barb- 
I headed spear having a line attached 

to the staff, for striking and killing 
whales ; v.t, to strike with a har- 
poon. 

harpsichord ('si-kord), n. a stringed 
instrument with a keyboard, the 
precursor of the pianoforte. 

harpy ('i), n. [_pl. harpies ('iz)], in 
classical mythology, one of three 
winged monsters, the daughters of 
Neptune and Terra, with a woman's 
face, and the body and sharp claws 
of a vulture, exceedingly rapacious 
and filthy : hence, an extortioner ; a 
large crested American eagle. 

harridan (har'i-dan), n. an ugly ill- 
tempered old woman. 

harrier ('i-er), n. a variety of dog 
used for hunting hares ; a species of 
hawk. 

harroiv ('o), n. an agricultural in- 
strument for breaking up ciods and 
casting earth upon sown land : v.t. 
to break up, tear, or draw over with 
a harrow; lacerate or torment. 

harry ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. harried, 
p.pr. harrying], to plunder, lay 
waste ; annoy or vex ; tease ; harass : 
v.i. to make predatory raids. 

harsh (harsh), adj. discordant; jar- 
ring ; rough to the ear, taste, or 
touch ; austere. 

hart (hart), n. the male of the red 
deer. 

hartbeest ('best), n. a large African 
antelope. 

hartshorn (z'horn), n. the antler of 
a hart ; a volatile preparation of 
ammonia. 

hart's-tongue ('tung), n. a British 
fern. 

harum-scarum ( har'um - skar'um ) , 
Qdj. g^iddy ; wild ; reckless ; untidy. 

liaruspex (ha-rus'peks), n. [pi. ha- 
rnspices ('pi-sez)], an ancient Ro- 



man diviner or soothsayer who fore- 
told events by inspecting the entrails 
of sacrificial victims. Also aruspex. 

harvest (hiir'vest), n. the season of 
reaping and gathering in che har- 
vest : v.t. to gather in, as corn ; reap. 

harvest-home (-hom), n. a harvest 
festival. 

harvest-moon (-moon), n. the full 
moon which falls near the time of 
the autumnal equinox, about Sept. 
23. 

harvest-mouse (-mous), n. a small 
field mouse which builds a round 
nest in the stalks of corn. 

hash (hash), n. a dish of meat cut 
and cooked with vegetables ; a mix- 
ture : v.t. to chop small and mix. 

hashish ('esh), n. an intoxicant made 
from Indian hemp ; bhang. 

haslet (has'let), n. the liver, heart, 
and lungs of a sheep. 

hasp (hasp), n. a clasp folded over a 
staple and secured with a padlock: 
v.t. to shut or secure with a hasp. 

hassock (has'ok), n. a padded mat or 
cushion for kneeling upon in church, 
&c. ; a kneeler. 

hast, 2nd per., sing., pres.t. of have. 

haste (hast), n. quickness of move- 
ment ; celerity ; speed ; urgency ; pre- 
cipitancy ; vehemence : v.t. to has- 
ten. 

hasten (ha'sn), v.t. to cause to make 
haste ; hurry ; urge forward : v.i. to 
move wtih speed ; be quick. 

hastily ('sti-li), adv. in a hasty man- 
ner. 

hasty Csti), adj. [comp. hastier, 
superl. hastiest] , precipitate ; quick ; 
speedy ; eager ; vehement ; rash. 

hasty-pudding ( -pud-ing ), w. a pud- 
ding of flour or meal and water or 
milk stirred together and boiled. 

hat (hat), n. a covering for the head, 
with a crown and brim ; a cardinal's 
rank and dignity. 

hatband ('band), n. a band worn 
round the hat ; a black cloth band 
worn as a token of mourning. 

hatch (hach), v.t. to produce (young) 
from eggs ; plot or contrive ; shade 
by narrow lines ; close with, or as 
with, a hatch : n. the number of 
young produced from eggs at a sit- 
ting ; brood ; plot ; a narrow line in 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, iTien. 



tat 



404 



"havr 



engraving, or drawing ; a door with 
an opening over it ; a half-door : pi. 
doors or openings by which a de- 
scent is made from one deck of a 
ship to another. 

hatclL-boat ('hot), n. a half-decked 
fishing-vessel with a well for holding 
fish. \ 

liatcliery ('er-i), n. a place where 
eggs are artificially hatched, espe- 
cially those of fish. 

hatchet C.et), n. a small axe. 

hatching ('ing), w. a kind of draw- 
ing or engraving by narrow parallel 
or crossed lines. 

hatchi^ient ('ment),M. the escutcheon 
or armorial bearings of a deceased 
person, placed in front of his house, 
on a tomb, in a church, &c. 

hatchway (Va), n. a rectangular 
opening in the deck of a vessel for 
passage below. 

hate (hat), v.t. to dislike intensely; 
abhor ; detest : n. hatred. 

hateful ( 'fool ) , adj. causing hate. 

hatefully (-li), adv. in a hateful 
manner. 

hatred ('red), n. bitter aversion: 
continued hostility of feeling ; detes- 
tation. 

hatted (hat'ed), adj. wearing a hat. 

hatter ('er), n. a maker of hats. 

hanhergeon (haw'ber-jun), n. a 
short hauberk. 

hauberk ('berk), n. a coat of armor 
formed of steel rings, reaching be- 
low the knees. 

haughtily (haw'ti-li), adv. in a 
haughty manner. 

haughty ('ti), adj. [comp. haughtier, 
superl. haughtiest], proud and dis- 
dainful ; supercilious ; contemptuous. 

haul (hawl), v.t. to pull or draw 
with force ; transport by drawing ; 
v.i. to change the course of a ship ; 
shift : said of the wind : n. a strong 
pull ; draught of a net ; quantity 
caught at one time; distance over 
which anything is drawn. 

haulage ('aj), n. the act or process 
of hauling; charges for hauling. 

hauler (hawl'er), n. one who, or that 
which, hauls. 

haulm (hawm), n. the stalks or stems 
of grain, beans, &c. ; stubble. 



haunch (hanch), n. the fleshy part 
of the hip and buttock ; a joint of 
venison or mutton ; shoulder of an 

, arch. 

haunt (hant), n. a place of accus- 
tomed resort : v.t. to visit frequently 
or habitually ; trouble with frequent 
visits, as an apparition. 

hautboy (ho'boi), n. a wind instru- 
ment of the flute class : the oboe. 

hauteur (ho-toor'), n. haughty bear- 
ing or spirit. ' 

Havana (ha-van'a), n. a cigar made 
of Cuban tobacco. 

have (hav), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. had, p.pr. 
having], to possess; take; hold or 
bear ; enjoy ; desire ; be obliged ; 
bring forth ; cheat ; obtain the ad- 
vantage of. 

haven (ha'vn), n. a sheltered anchor- 
age for ships ; harbor ; place of shel- 
ter and safety. 

haversack (hav'er-sak), n, a strong 
coarse linen bag in which soldiers 
carry their rations when marching. 

haversian canals (ha-ver'si-an ka'- 
nalz), n.pl. small longitudinal canals 
in the bones conveying the vessels of 
nutrition. 

havildar ('il-dar), n. a native ser- 
geant of an Indian infantry regi- 
ment. 

having ('ing), n. the act or state of 
possession. 

havoc ('ok), n. wide and general dd 
struction ; devastation. 

haw (haw), n. the fruit of various 
species of hawthorn ; an excrescence 
under the third eyelid of a horse ; a 
hedge or inclosure; a hesitation in 
speech. 

Hawaiian (ha-wi'yan), adj. pertain- 
ing to Hawaii, its inhabitants, or 
language. 

hawfinch (haw'finch), w. the common 
grosbeak. 

hawk (hawk), n. a name for various 
- species of raptorial birds allied to 
the eagles and falcons ; a forcible ef- 
fort to clear the throat of phlegm ; a 
square board, with a short handle, 
for holding mortar : v.t. to cry, or 
carry about, for sale : v.i. to make a 
forcible effort to cough up phlegm ; 
to fly trained hawks at birds on the 
wing. 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hUe, hut; think, i/ien. 



liaw 



4Uo 



!hea 



liawkbill ('bil), n. a marine turtle 
that furnishes tortoiseshell : so 
named from its curved upper jaw. 

baivker ('er), n. one who cries and 
sells goods in the streets ; peddler ; 
falconer. 

hawk-eyed ('id), adj. keen sighted 
like a hawk. 

bawkmoth ('moth), n. a large moth 
whose flight somewhat resembles 
that of a hawk. 

kaivk-iveed ('wed), n. a plant of the 
aster family with yellow flowers. 
/ Iiawok (ha'wok), n. the shell money 
of the aborigines of California. 

liawse (hawz), n. that part of a ship's 

• bows where the hawse-holes are sit- 
uated. 

hawse-hole ( 'hoi ) , n. one of the two 
holes under a ship's bow through 
which the cable passes when the ves- 
sel is moored. 

hawser ('er), n. a thick rope or cable. 

hawthorn (haw'thorn), n. sl prickly 
shrub or tree of the rose family. 

hay (ha), n. grass, clover, &c., cut 
and dried for fodder. 

haycock ( 'kok) , a conical pile of hay. 

hay-fever ('fe-ver), n. a catarrh, ac- 
companied by itching, sneezing, 
slight fever, and pains in the head. 

haymow ('mow), n. a mass of hay 
laid up in a barn. 

Haytian (ha'ti-an), adj. pertaining 
to Hayti or its inhabitants. Also 
I Haitian. 

j hazard (haz'ard), n. chance; acci- 
dent ; risk ; danger ; a dice game ; a 
stroke at billiards : v.t. to run the 
risk of ; chance ; put in peril. 

hazardous (-us), adj. risky; peril- 
ous. 

haze (haz), n. a slight fog or mist; 

dimness of sight or knowledge : v.i. 

to be foggy or misty : v.t. pursue or 

1 I harass by overwork or unpleasant 

j tasks ; play practical jokes upon, 

^ ' especially of a severe kind. 

hazel ('1), n. a shrub or tree of the 
genus Corylus, bearing an edible nut. 

haziness ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
ing hazy. 

hazy ('i), adj. misty; obscure. 

he (he), pr. [pi. they (tha)], the 
masculine pronoun of the 3rd per- 
son : n. SL male. 



hea (he'a), n. a tree of the Pacific 
Islands bearing a fruit from which 
a red stain is obtained. 

head (hed), n. the uppermost part of 
the body of an animal that contains 
the face, brain, &c. ; chief or princi- 
pal part of anything ; an individual ; 
leader or commander ; place of honor 
or authority ; top ; fore-par^ ; the 
understanding or intellect ; princi- 
pal topic ; a division ; origin or 
source ; pitch ; crisis or height ; static 
or latent force ; froth : adj. princi- 
pal or chief ; acting against the 
front : v.t. to lead or direct ; take the 
first place in ; get in front of ; direct 
the course of ; oppose ; strain : v.i. 
to move forward ; come to, or form, 
a head. 

headed ('ed), adj. having a head; 
noting understanding or intellect 
(much used in composition, as clear- 
headed, wrong-headed, &c.) . 

header ('er), n. a plunge or fa!! fore- 
most ; one who puts heads on, as in 
pin-making ; a machine, &c., for 
making or removing heads ; a brick 
or stone with its short face in front. 

headfast ('fast), n. a rope at the 
bow of a ship to secure to a wharf, 
&c. 

heading ('ing), n. a title; material 
from which casks' heads are made ; 
the strip on a piece of embroidery, 
for sewing on to a garment ; the 
adit of a mine. 

headland ('land), n. a promontory. 

headline ('lin), n. a line of type dis- 
played conspicuously at the top of a 
page, chapter, column of a newspa- 
per, &c. : pi. the ropes at the head of 
a sail by which it is secured to the 
yard. 

headlong ('long), adv. head fore- 
most ; rashly ; piecipitously : adj. 
rash ; precipitate ; violent ; thought- 
less. 

headsman (z'man), n. an execution- 
er. 

headstrong ('strong), adj. ungov- 
ernable ; selr willed. 

headwind ('wind), n. a contrary 
wind. 

heady (hed'i), adj. precipitate; in- 
toxicating. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not , boon, 
^ book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



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heal (hel), v.t. to restore to health; 
cure ; make sound ; reconcile : v.i. to 
become well or sound. 

healing ('ing), p.adj. curative. 

health, (helth), n. freedom from bod- 
ily pain or disease ; vigor of mind ; 
moral purity ; righteousness ; heal- 
ing power ; a toast or pledge. 

healthful ('fool), adj. promoting 
health ; salubrious. 

healthfully (-li), adv. in a healthful 
manner. 

healthiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being healthy. 

healthy ('i), adj. [comp. healthier, 
superl. healthiest], noting a sound 
condition of body ; enjoying, or con- 
tributing, to health. 

heap (hep), n. a pile or collection of 
things thrown together ; a quantity ; 
accumulation ; crowd : v.t. to form 
into a heap ; pile up ; aggregate ; 
amass. 

hear (her), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. heard, 
p.pr. hearing], to perceive by the 
ear ; attend or listen to ; give heed 
to ; obey ; accede to the wishes of ; 
attend judicially : v.i. to have the 
sense of hearing ; be told of. 

hearing ('ing), n. the sense by which 
sound is perceived ; audience ; judi- 
cial investigation. 

hearken, same as harken. 

hearsay ('sa), n. rumor or report: 
adj. second hand. 

hearse (hers), n. a vehicle for the 
conveyance of dead bodies to the 
grave. 

heart (hart), n. the organ in animals 
by the muscular contraction and di- 
lation of which the blood is circu- 
lated through the arteries, &c. ; the 
vital, inner, or chief part of any- 
thing ; the seat of the affections and 
passions ; emotion ; tenderness ; af- 
fection ; courage ; will ; spirit ; en- 
ergy ; power ; resolution ; secret 
thoughts ; conscience ; one of a suit 
of cards marked with one or more 
red hearts ; a variety of cherry : pi. 
a card game. 

heartache ('ak), n. sorrow; pang; 
grief. 

heart-broken ('bro-ken), adj. over- 
whelmingly grieved. 



heartburn ('bern), n. a burning af- 
fection of the esophagus, caused by 
acidity of the stomach. 

hearted ('ed), adj. having a heart 
(used in compounds, denoting gen- 
erally affections, qualities, &c., as 
good-hearted, &c.) . 

hearten ('n), v.t. to give courage to; 
inspirit. 

hearth (harth), n. that part of a 
room where the fire is made : hence 
the family circle. 

heartily ('i-li), adv. cordially; ener- 
getically. 

heartiness ('i-nes), n. cordiality; 
vigor. 

heartsease (z'ez), n. the pansy. 

heartseed ('sed), n. a climbing plant 
with seeds marked with a heart- 
shaped scar. 

hearty (hart'i), adj. [comp. heartier, 
superl. heartiest], cordial; sincere; 
open ; warm ; strong ; vigorous ; 
good-natured ; kind ; healthy ; having 
a keen appetite. 

heat (het), n. the sensation produced 
by a hot body ; caloric ; the state of 
being hot ; effervescence ; agitation 
of sudden or violent passion ; ardor ; 
vehemence ; redness or flush of the 
face ; a course at a race ; hot weath- 
er : v.t. to make hot ; warm ; excite 
with passion or desire ; make fever- 
ish ; animate : v.i. to become hot or 
warm. 

heater ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, heats, as various mechanical 
contrivances. 

heath (heth), n. a small evergreen 
flowering shrub with rose-colored 
flowers growing on moorlands, &c. ; 
heather ; moorland, especially with 
heath growmg upon it. 

heathen (he'//m), n. one who is ig- 
norant of the true God ; a pagan ; 
idolater ; a rude, irreligious, uncul- 
tured person. 

heathendom, (-dom), n. the state or 
condition of being a heathen ; that 
part of the world inhabited by 
heathens. 

heathenish (-ish), adj. pertaining to 
heathens ; rude ; ignorant, or uncul- 
tured. 

heathenism (-izm), n. ignorance of 
the true God ; paganism ; idolatry. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



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heatlieiiize (-iz), v.t. to render 

heathen. 
lieatlier (heth'erj, same as heath. 
lieatliy (heth'i), adj. pertaining to, 
resembling, or abounding in, heath. 
heave (hev), v.t. to hoist or lift up; 
force from the breast, as a sigh ; 
cause to swell ; throw : v.t. to be 
lifted up ; swell ; rise and fall alter- 
nately ; struggle or toil ; pant ; 
vomit : n. an effort or exertion up- 
wards ; lift ; the act of throwing ; 
swell or rising ; haul ; struggle, ef- 
fort to vomit. 

iieaven (hev'n), n. the abode of God 
and the blessed ; the firmanent or 
sky ; a state or condition of bliss. 

Heaven, n. the Supreme Being. 

heavenliness (-li-nes), n. supreme 
excellence. 

Iieavenly (-li), adj. pertaining to, or 
resembling, heaven ; celestial ; di- 
vine ; supremely excellent. 

lieaver (hev'er), n. one who, or that 
which, lifts or heaves, especially one 
who loads or unloads goods, coal, &c. 

heaviness (hev'i-nes), n. the quality 
of being heavy ; dejection ; grief. 

heavy ('i), adj. [comp. heavier, sw- 
perl. heaviest], ponderous; weighty; 
oppressive ; grievous ; laborious ; ob- 
structive ; depressed ; dull ; dense ; 
powerful ; loud ; indigestible ; clayey : 
adv. heavily [Foet.]. 

heavy-spar (-spar), n. sulphate of 
barium. 

Hebraic (he-bra'ik), adj. pertaining 
to the Hebrews, the Jewish language 
or literature. 

Hebraicize ('i-siz), v.t. to convert 
into the Hebrew idiom : v.i. to speak 
Hebrew, or adopt Hebrew customs. 
Also Hebraize (-ize). 

Hebraism (•'izm), n. a Hebrew idiom, 
or a characteristic of the Hebrews. 

Hebraist (-ist), n. one who is learned 
in the Hebrew language and litera- 
ture. 

Hebrew ('broo), adj. pertaining to 
the Hebrews, a Semitic race ; Jew- 
ish : n. the Hebrew language ; a Jew. 

Hebrewess (-es), n. a Jewess. 

Hecate (hek'a-te), n. an ancient 
threefold Grecian deity possessing 
power over heaven, earth, and the 
under-world. 



hecate, n. a witch ; a hag. 

becato, a prefix meaning a hundrea^ 
Also hecaton, hect, hecto. 

hecatomb ('a-toom), n. a sacrifice 
of a hundred oxen ; any large sac- 
rifice or slaughter. 

heck (hek), n. a rack for fodder; lat- 
ticework ; a latticework grating for 
catching or hanging fish upon ; a 
bend in a stream. 

hectare ('tar), n. in the metric sys- 
tem, a French land measure = 100 
ares, of 2.47 acres. 

hectic ('tik), adj. constitutional; 
slow, but of long continuance ; per- 
taining to hectic fever ; feverish : n. 
a remittent fever accompanying con- 
sumption, characterized by a bright 
pink spot or flush on the cheeks. 

hectogramme ('to-gram), n. in ^he 
metric system, a French weight = 
100 grammes, or 3.53 ounces. 

hectograph ('to-graf), n. an appa- 
ratus for multiplying copies of a 
letter or drawing, &c. 

hectoliter ('to-le-tr), n. in the met- 
ric system, a French liquid measure 
= 100 liters, or 26.42 gallons. 

hectometer ('to-me-tr), n. in the 
metric system, a French measure of 
length = 100 meters, or 328 feet, 1 
inch. 

hector ('ter), v.t. to bully or blus- 
ter : from Hector, the Trojan hero. 

hectostere ('to-ster), n. in the met- 
ric system, a French cubic measure 
= 100 cubic meters. 

heddles (hed'dlz), n.pl. in a loom, 
the harness for guiding the warp 
threads. 

hedge (hej), n. a fence of bushes or 
shrubs : v.t. to inclose with a hedge ; 
encircle ; invest : v.i. to bet on both 
sides, so that the possibility of loss 
will be diminished ; skulk : adj. 
mean ; contemptible ; of the lowest 
class. 

hedgehog ('hog), n. an insectivorous 
mammal covered on the back with 
spines or prickles. 

hedonic (he-don'ik), adj. pertaining 
to hedonism. 

hedonism ('do-nizm), n. the doctrine 
that pleasure is the chief end of 
life. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



Iiee 



408 



nel 



Heed, (bed), v,t. to regard with care; 
take notice of ; mind ; attend ; re- 
gard : n. carefvil attention ; regard ; 
caution. 

heedful ('fool), adj. cautious; at- 
tentive. 

heedfully (-li), adv. cautiously; at- 
tentively. 

lieehaw ('haw), v.i. to bray like an 
ass : n. the bray of an ass. 

lieel (hel), n. the hinder part of the 
foot ; the hinder part of a boot, shoe, 
or stocking ; anything shaped like a 
heel : v.t. to furnish with a heel : 
v.i. lean on one side, as a ship. 

h.eel'hall ('bawl), n. a black waxy 
composition used for blacking the 
heels of shoes, &c., and for obtain- 
ing ruDbiugs of brasses, &c. 

lieeler ('er), n. a political hanger-on. 

lieeling; ('ing), n. the degree of in- 
clination of a vessel from the per- 
pendicular. 

teel-tap ('tap), n. a small thickness 
of leather for a shoe-heel. 

lieft (heft), n. a handle; an effort; 
weight ; the greater part or bulk : 
v.t. to try the weight of by lifting 
or holding in the hand. 

Hegira (he-ji'ra), n. the flight of 
Mohammed from Mecca to Medina 
(602 A.D.). Also Hejira. 

liegleek (heg'lek), n. an African 
tree yielding an edible fruit, from 
which an intoxicating drink is made 
by the natives. 

heifer (hef'er), n. a young cow. 

!heigli-!ho (hi'ho), inter j. an expres- 
sion of languor or uneasiness. 

lieiglit (hit), n. altitude; elevation; 
highest state or degree ; an eminence 
or hill ; summit ; stature. 

heighten ('en), v.t. to make high or 
higher ; elevate ; intensify ; set ofE ; 
increase ; aggravate ; improve. 

heinous (ha'nus), adj. atrocious; 
extremely wicked; flagrant. 

heir (ar), n. one who succeeds an- 
other in the possession of property, 
title, ofiice, mental gifts, &c. 

heir-apparent (-ap-pa'rent), n. one 
whose right to succeed is indefeasi- 
ble at law if he outlives his ancestor. 

heiress ('es), n. a female heir. 

heirloom ('loom), n. any movable 



or personal chattel, which by its 
connection with an estate descends 
to the heir. 

heir-presumptive (-pre-zump'tiv) , 
n. one who will succeed as heir if his 
right is not barred by the birth of 
one nearer in succession than him- 
self. 

hejira, same as hegira. 

held (held), p.t. of hold. 

heliac (he'li-ak), adj. pertaining to 
the sun ; emerging from, or passing 
into, the light of the sun. Also heli- 
acal, 

heliacally (-li'a-kal-li), adv. in a 
heliacal manner. 

Helianthus (he-li-an'thus), n. a ge- 
nus of plants to which the sunflower 
belongs. 

helic, a prefix meaning spiral. Also 
helico. 

helical (hel'i-kal), adj. spiral-shaped. 

helicoid ('i-koid), adj. coiled like the 
shell of a snail : n. a spirally-curved 
geometrical figure. 

helio, a prefix meaning sun, caused 
hy, or like, the sun or sunlight, as 
heliogva.-ph, an instrument for tak- 
ing a photograph of the sun, or foi 
signaling by reflecting sunlight fron;. 
one mirror to another. 

heliocentric (he-li-o-sen'trik), adj. 
having the sun as the center. 

heliochrome ('li-6-krom), n. a pho- 
tograph in natural colors. 

heliochromotype ('o-tip), n. a pho- 
tograph reproducing the color of the 
subject. 

heliochromy (-ok'ro-mi), n. the arl 
or process of obtaining photographs 
in natural colors. 

heliograph, see under helio. 

heliogravure (-grav'ur), n. photo- 
engraving or -etching;. 

heliolatry (-ol'a-tri), n. worship of 
the sun. 

heliometer (-om'e-ter), n. a microm- 
eter for measuring small angles in 
the heavens. 

heliophag ('li-o-fag), n. that part of 
an animal that absorbs sunlight. 

helioscene ('li-o-sen), n. a kind of 
sun-blind. 

helioscope ('li-6-skop), n. a form of 
refracting telescope for observing 
the sun. 



ate, arm, 4sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; booDf 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then 



hel 



409 



liem 



]ieliosi» (-o'sis), n. the production of 
spots on leaves by the continued 
action of the sun's rays ; sunstroke. 

lieliostat ('li-6-stat), w. an instru- 
ment by which signaling is carried 
on by means of a mirror, moved by 
clockwork. 

lieliotrope ( 'li-o-trop ) , n. a plant 
whose flowers follow the course of 
the sun ; a green-colored variety of 
chalcedony with small red spots ; 
bloodstone , the color of the flowers 
of heliotrope, bluish-pink. 

lieliotropic (-li-o-trop'ik), adj. char- 
acterized by heliotropism. Also he- 
liotropical, 

heliotropism (-ot'ro-pizm), n. the 
movements of flowers or leaves to- 
wards the sun. 

teliotype ('li-o-tTp), n. an impres- 
sion from a photograph taken on a 
gelatine plate hardened with alum. 

lieliiim ('li-um), n. an element first 
discovered in the spectrum of the 
sun and supposed to be peculiar to 
that body. It has recently been 
discovered on the earth, and a gas 
arising from radium has been ob- 
served to change into this element. 

helix ('liks), n. [pi. helices (hel'i- 
sez)], a spiral line, as of a line 
coiled round ; a circumvolution ; the 
margin of the external ear ; a small 
volute ; a genus of molluscs, con- 
taining the shell snails. 

hell (hel), n. the place of the dead or 
of departed souls (more correctly 
Hades) ; the place of punishment 
for the wicked after death : hence 
any place or condition of extreme 
misery or evil ; a gambling-house. 

hellebore ('e-bor), n. the Christmas 
rose. 

Hellene ('en), n. a Greek. 

Hellenic (he-len'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or characteristic of, the ancient 
Hellenes or Greeks, or to Grecian 
art and literature. 

Hellenism (hel'en-izm), n. a Greek 
idiom ; Grecian culture and the love 
of the beautiful in art, &c. 

Hellenist ('en-ist), n. a Jew who 
spoke Greek ; one learned in Greek. 

Hellenize ('en-iz), v.t. to cause to 
conform to Greek standards or 
usages ; make Hellenic. 



helm (helm), n. the apparatus for 
steering a ship ; tiller ; the place of 
its direction and government ; a hel- 
met [Poet.] : v.t. to guide or con- 
duct. 

helmet ('et), n. metal or leather ar- 
mor for the head ; the hooded upper 
lip of a flower. 

helminthology ( hel-min-thol'o-ji ) , 
n. that branch of zoology that treats 
of worms. 

helo, a prefix meaning nail, occurring 
in various scientific words, as helo- 
dont, having nail-like teeth ; helo- 
derm, a Mexican poisonous lizard 
with nail-like scales. 

helot (hel'ot, or he'lot), n. a slave in 
ancient Sparta ; slave or serf. 

helotry (hel'ot-ri), n. the condition 
of a helot ; body of helots. Also 
helotage. 

help (help), v.t. to give assistance 
to ; aid ; support ; sustain ; succor ; 
relieve ; avoid ; prevent ; distribute 
food to at table ; remedy ; cure : v.i. 
to lend aid ; be available or useful : 
n. assistance ; aid ; support ; succor ; 
relief ; that which forwards or pro- 
motes ; a portion of food served at a 
meal ; a hired servant. 

helpful ('fool), adj. affording help. 

helter-skelter (hel'ter-skel'ter), adv. 
in hurry and confusion. 

helve (helv), n. the handle of an axe, 
&c. 

Helvetian (hel-ve'shan), adj. per- 
taining to Switzerland : n. a Swiss. 
Also Helvetic. 

hem (hem), w. the edge of a garment 
doubled and sewn ; an ejaculatory 
sound : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. hemmed, p. 
pr. hemming], to form a hem on; 
to shut in ; environ : v.i. utter the 
ejaculation hem. 

hema, a prefix meaning Mood, occur- 
ring in many scientific words. Alsc> 
hem, hemato, hsema, hsem, hsemato ' 

hematin (nem'a-tin), n. the red col- 
oring matter in the blood. Also 
haematin. 

hemi» a prefix meaning half, as hemi* 
sphere, half a sphere or globe. 

heniicrania (hem'i-kra-ni-a), n. a 
pain on one side of the head. 

hemihedral (-he'dral), adj. having 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; bo6n, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



Iiexii 



410 



her 



only half the normal number of 
planes or faces : said of crystals. 

liemiopia (-i-o'pi-S,), n. sl defect in 
vision in which only the half of an 
object is seen. 

hemiplegia (-ple'ji-a), n. paralysis 
of one side of the body. 

hemispliere, see under hemi. 

hemistich (-stik), n. in poetry, an 
incomplete line, or the half of a line. 

hemlock (hem'lok), n. sl wild poi- 
sonous plant of the parsley family : 
hemlock spruce, an evergreen tree of 
the pine family : the lumber made 
from the hemlock tree. 

hemmer ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, hems ; an attachment to a 
sewing machine for hemming. 

hemming ('ing), n. the action of 
the verb to hem ; hems collectively. 

hemo, see hsema. 

hemoglobin (hem-o-glo'bin), w. 'an 
albuminoid substance in the blood 
forming the chief constituent of the 
red corpuscles. 

hemoptysis (-op'ti-sis), n. spitting 
of blood. 

hemorrhage (hem'o-raj), n. bleed- 
ing from the lungs, arteries, veins, 
&c. 

hemorrhoids ('o-roidz), n.pl. bleed- 
ing piles. 

hemp (hemp), n. a plant of the net- 
tle family, the tough fiber of which 
is used for cordage and various 
kinds of coarse linen ; in the East, 
a narcotic and intoxicant, hashish 
(q.v.), is obtained from hemp. 

hempen ('en), adj. pertaining to, or 
made of, hemp. 

hemstitch ('stich), n. a particular 
kind of ornamental stitching. 

hen (hen), n. the female of a bird, 
especially the domestic fowl. 

henbane ('ban), n. a poisonous 
coarse hairy wild herb of the night- 
shade family deadly to fowls. 

hence (hens), adv. from this place, 
source, or time ; in consequence of 
this . inter j. away ! begone ! 

henchman (hench'man), n. [pi. 
henchmen ('men) ], formerly, a male 
attendant or servant ; groom ; one 
who serves in a political campaign 
under another for pecuniary consid- 
erations. 



hendeca, a prefix meaning eleven, as 
/lendecahedron, a solid figure having 
eleven plane faces. 

hendecagon (hen-dek'a-gon), n. a 
plane figure having eleven sides and 
eleven angles. 

hendecasyllable (-sil'a-bl), n. a 
metrical line or verse of eleven syl- 
lables. 

henna ('a), n. a tropical shrub from 
the powdered leaves of which a cos- 
metic paste is made : used in the 
East to dye the nails, hair, &c., a 
reddish-orange color. 

henpecked ('pekt), adj. governed by 
one's wife. 

hepar (he'par), n. sulphide of cal- 
cium. 

hepat, a prefix meaning the liver. 
Also hepato, as hepatocele, hernia 
of the liver. 

hepatic (he-pat'ik), adj. pertaining 
to the liver. 

hepatite (hep'a-tit), n. foetid sul- 
phate of barium. 

hepatocele, see under hepat. 

hepatogastric (he-pat-o-gas'trik) , 
adj. pertaining to the liver and the 
stomach. 

hept, a prefix meaning seven. Also 
hepta, as heptachord, a series of 
seven notes ; a seven-stringed musi- 
cal instrument. 

heptad (hep'tad), n. a chemical atom 
or element that has the equivalence 
of seven atoms of hydrogen. 

heptaglot ('ta-glot), adj. written in 
seven languages. 

heptagon ('ta-gon), n. a plane figure 
having seven sides and seven angles. 

heptagonal (-tag'o-nal), adj. having 
seven sides or seven angles. 

heptahedron (-he'dron), n. a solid 
figure with seven sides. 

heptahexahedral (-heks-a-he'dral) , 
adj. having seven ranges of faces 
one above the other, each range 
containing six faces. 

heptarchy ('tark-i), n. [pi. hep- 
tarchies (-iz)], a government by 
seven rulers, especially the seven 
Anglo-Saxon kingdoms estblished in 
England. 

her (her), pron. the objective and 
possessive case of the personal pro- 
noun she. 



ate, iirm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



her 



411 



hev 



herakla (he-rak'la), n. an antelope 
of equatorial Africa. 

herald (her'ald), n. formerly an offi- 
cial who proclaimed peace and war, 
bore messages from a sovereign to 
a commander, superintended coro- 
nations and other public ceremonial 
functions, &c. ; an official whose 
duty it is to grant, record, and bla- 
zon arms, trace pedigrees, &c. ; a 
precursor : v.t. to introduce ; pro- 
claim ; usher in. 

heraldic (he-ral'dik), adj. pertaining 
to heralds or heraldry. 

heraldically (-al-li), adv. according 
to the rules of heraldry. 

heraldry (her'ald-ri), n. the science 
that treats of armorial bearings, 
and of determining pedigrees, &c. 

herb (erb, or herb), n. a plant with 
a soft and succulent stem that, after 
flowering, withers away. 

herbaceous (-a'shus), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or of the nature of, or feed- 
ing upon, herbs. 

herbage ('aj), n. herbs collectively; 
grass ; pasturage ; the right of pas- 
ture on the lands of another. 

herbal ('al) , adj. pertaining to herbs : 
n. a book descriptive of plants. • 

herbariam (-ba'ri-um), n. [pi. her- 
baria (-a)], a systematic collection 
of dried plants for purposes of 
study ; a building where such a col- 
lection is kept. 

herbiferotis (-bif'e-rus), adj. pro- 
ducing herbs. 

herbivoi'a (-biv'o-ra), n.pl. mam- 
mals that feed on herbs or vegeta- 
bles. 

herbivorous ('o-rus), adj. feeding 
on herbs. 

Herculean (-ku'le-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to Hercules, the hero of Grecian 
mythology, possessed of superhuman 
strength : hence of exceeding 
strength and power ; huge ; vast : 
very difficult. 

herd (herd), n. a collection of beasts 
or cattle feeding or driven together ; 
crowd ; a keeper of cattle : v.i. to 
unite or associate, as beasts ; crowd 
together. 

here (her), adv. in, or to, this place; 
at this point ; in the present life or 
state ; on this occasion. 



hereby (-bi'), adv. by virtue of this; 
near. 

hereditable (he-red'it-a-bl) , adj. that 
may be inherited. Also heritable. 

hereditably (-bli), adv. by way of 
inheritance. 

hereditament (her-e-dit'a-ment), n. 
property inherited. 

hereditarily (he-red'i-ta-ri-li), adv. 
by way of inheritance. 

hereditary ('i-ta-ri), adj. passing 
from an ancestor to a descendant ; 
transmitted from parent to off- 
spring. 

heredity ('i-ti), n. the transmission 
of physical or mental characteris- 
tics or qualities from parent to off- 
spring ; the tendency of an org'anism 
to reproduce the characteristics of 
the^ progenitor. 

herein (her-in'), adv. in this. 

hereinafter (-after), adv. in this 
(deed, book, &c.) after or subse- 
quently. 

heresy (her'e-si), n. [pi. heresies 
(-siz)], an opinion or doctrine at 
variance with fundamental truths 
commonly received as orthodox, es- 
pecially if leading to division. 

heretic ('e-tik), n. one who holds, or 
maintains, heretical opinions. 

heretical (-al), adj. pertaining to, or 
having the character of, heresy ; sub- 
versive of, or contrary to, orthodox 
belief. 

heretically (-li), adv. in a heretical 
manner. 

heretofore (her-too-for'), adv. pre- 
viously ; hitherto. 

heritable, sameas hereditable. 

heritage (her'i-taj), n. an estate that 
passes from an ancestor to a de- 
scendant ; a birthright or inherit- 
ance ; the people of God. 

hermaphrodite (her-maf'ro-dit) , adj. 
having the sexual characteristics of 
both male and female in the same 
individual : n. an animal with both 
the male and female sexual organs ; 
a plant having stamens and pistils 
in the same floral envelope ; a brig 
square-rigged forward and schooner- 
rigged aft. 

hermaphroditic (-dit'ik), adj. per- 
taining to, or of the nature of, a 
hermaphrodite. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



1 



lier 



412 



net 



heruietic (her-met'ik), adj. perfect- 
ly closed and air-tight. Also her- 
metical. 

liernietically (-al-li), adv. in an air- 
tight manner, by means of fusion. 

liermit ('mit), n. one who retires 
from society and lives in solitude, 
especially for devotional contempla- 
tion ; an anchorite. 

liermitage (-aj), n. the abode of a 
hermit ; a variety of red and v^hite 
French wine. 

hermit-crab ('krab), n. one of a 
genus of crabs that live in the empty 
shells of univalve mollusks. 

liermitical ('i-kal), adj. pertaining 
to, or suited for, a hermit ; solitary. 

lieru (hern), n. the heron. Also 
hernshaw. 

heruani (her-na'ni), n. a woolen or 
silk dress fabric. 

liernia ('ni-a), n. a protrusion of 
some part of the intestine, or of 
some other internal organ ; rupture. 

liernial ('ni-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or resembling, hernia. 

herniotomy (-ni-ot'o-mi), n. the 
operation of cutting for strangu- 
lated hernia. 

Iiernshaxr, see hern. 

hero (he'ro), n. [pi. heroes ('r5z)], 
a demigod ; a man of distinguished 
courage, moral or physical ; the chief 
character in a play, novel, poem, 
&c.^ 

heroic (he-ro'ik), adj. having the 
qualities of a hero ; producing he- 
roes ; larger than life ; venturesome ; 
drastic. Also heroical : n.pl. ex- 
travagant or boastful language. 

heroic age (aj), n. the age in which 
the demigods or heroes of Greek 
antiquity are fabled to have lived. 

heroically (-li), adv. like a hero. 

heroic verse (vers), n. epic poetry: 
the hexameter verse in Greek and 
Latin poetry ; in English, an iambic 
measure of ten syllables. 

heroine (her'6-in), n. a female hero; 
the female character in a play, 
novel, &c. 

heroism, (her'o-izm), w. the qualities 
of a hero. 

heron ('un), n. a wading bird with a 
long neck and long legs. 



heronry (-ri) , n, a place where her- 
ons breed. 

hero--worship (-wer'ship), n. exces- 
sive admiration of distinguished men. 

herperto, a prefix meaning lizard. 

herpes (her'pez), n. a skin disease, 
characterized by small clusters of 
vesicles on inflamed surfaces. 

herpetology (her-pe-tol'o-ji), n. that 
branch of zoology that treats of rep- 
tiles and amphibians. 

herr (her), n. mister, or sir [Ger- 
man]. 

herring ('ing), n. an edible sea-fish 
moving in shoals. 

herring-hone (-bon), n. a kind of 
cross-stitch : v.t. & v.i. to work in 
such a stitch. 

Herschel (her'shel), n. the planet 
Uranus. 

herse (hers), n. a portcullis, in the 
form of a harrow set with spikes. 

hesitancy (hez'i-tan-si), n. hesita- 
tion ; suspense. 

hesitate ('i-tat), v.i. to be in sus- 
pense or uncertainty ; pause ; vacil- 
late ; stammer. 

Hesper (hes'per), n, the evening 
star, especially Venus. Also Hes- 
perus. 

Hesperides ('i-dez), n.pl. in Grecian 
mythology, the four daughters of 
Nox (Night) and granddaughters 
of Hesperus, who guarded the 
golden apples given by Gaia .to Hera 
on her marriage with Zeus (Jupi- 
ter) ; the garden containing the 
golden apples protected by an en- 
chanted dragon. 

Hesperus, same as Hesper. 

Hessian (hesh'an), adj. pertaining to 
Hesse in Germany or its inhabit- 
ants ; a venal politician : pi. top- 
boots with tassels in front. 

Hessian-fly (-fli), n. a small fly the 
larvae of which are very destructive 
to corn crops. 

hest (hest), n. a behest; command. 

hetserism (he-te'rizm), n. open con- 
cubinage ; a system of communal 
marriage among certain tribes. 

hetero, a prefix meaning another, ah- 
normal, different, unequal. Also 
heter, as Tze^erocercal, having the 
upper lobe of the tail longer than 
the lower lobe : said of certain fish. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



bet 



413 



Me 



lieterodox ('er-o-doks), adj. deviat- 
ing from an accepted doctrine or 
standard of faith, &c. ; heretical : 
opposed to orthodox. 

teterodoxy (-dok-si), n. [pi. hetero- 
\ doxies (-iz)], an unorthodox doc- 
trine or opinion ; heresy. 

jieterogeneity (-je-ne'i-ti), n. dif- 
ference in kind ; dissimilarity. 

heterogeneous (-o-je'ne-us), adj. 
opposite or dissimilar in character, 
I quality, structure, &c., not homo- 
geneous. 

heterogenesis (-jen'e-sis), n. the 
doctrine that certain organisms can 
produee offspring differing in struc- 
ture and habit from the parent, but 
reverting in subsequent generations 
to the original type. 

lieterologous (-ol'o-gus), adj. ab- 
normal in type or structure ; con- 
sisting of different elements, or of 
the same elements in varying pro- 
portions. 

heteroiuorpliisin (-mor'fizm), n. 
deviation from the natural form or 
structure. 

heteronomous (-on'o-mus), adj. dif- 
fering from the normal type. 

heulandite (hti'land-it), n. a vitre- 
ous transparent brittle mineral, a 
silicate of alumina and lime. 

hexir (hu), v.t. [p.t. hewed, p.p. hewn, 
hewed, p.pr. hewing], to cut or 
shape, as with an axe or other 
sharp instrument ; hack ; chop ; 
form laboriously. 

lieza, a prefix meaning six. Also 
hex, as 7tea?achord, a six-stringed 
musical instrument. 

hexad' (heks'ad), n. a chemical ele- 
ment, atom, or radical that can be 
combined with, or replaced by, six 
atoms of hydrogen. 

hexagon ('a-gon), n. a plane figure 
having six angles and six sides. 

"hexagonal (-al), adj. six-sided. 

liexahedron (-a-he'dron), n. [pi. 
hexahedra ('dra)], a solid bounded 
by six plane faces. 

hexameter (-am'e-ter), n. in Greek 
and Latin verse, a line consisting 
of six feet, the last being usually a 
spondee. 

hexapod ('a-pod), n. an animal with 
six legs, as insects. 



hexiology (-i-ol'o-ji), n. the science 
of habits and environment. 

hiatus (hl-a'tus), n, a break; vacan- 
cy ; gap ; the concurrence of two- 
vowels in two successive syllables. 

hibernaculum (-ber-nak'u-lum), n. 
[pi. -la], the winter quarters of a 
hibernating animal ; the bud-scales 
of a winter bud. 

hibernal (-ber'nal), adj. wintry. 

hibernate ('ber-nat), v.i. to pass 
the winter in a state of torpor, as 
certain animals ; to winter. 

Hibernian ('ni-an), adj. pertaining 
to, or characteristic of, Hibernia or 
Ireland. 

Hibernianism ('ni-an-izm), n. an 
Irish idiom. Also Hibernicism. 

Hiberno-Celtic ('no-sel'tik), adj.. 
pertaining to the Kelts of Ireland or 
their language : n, native Irish. Also 
Hiberno-Keltic. 

Hibiscus (hi-bis'kus), n. a genus of 
plants, shrubs, &c., of the mallow 
family. 

hiccatee (hik-a-te'), n. an American 
fresh water tortoise. 

hiccough ('up), n. a short convulsive 
cough : v.i. to utter a short convul- 
sive cough. Also hiccup. 

hie jacet (ja'set), (Latin here lies) 
an inscription on tombstones. 

hichory ('o-ri), n. [pi. hickories 
(-riz)], an American nut-bearing 
tree of the genus Carya. 

hid, p.adj'. concealed ; not known ; se- 
cret. Also hidden. 

hidalgo (hi-dal'go), w, in Spain, a 
nobleman of the lowest rank. Fern, 
hidalga. 

hide (hid), v.i. [p.t. hid, p.p. hidden,. 
p.pr. hiding], to conceal; secrete; 
not to confess ; disguise ; whip : v.i. 
to lie concealed : n. an animal's skin 
raw or dressed; formerly a measure 
of land. 

hidebound ('bound), adj. having 
the skin close or contracted ; preju- 
diced ; bigoted. 

hideous (hid'e-us), adj. offensive to 
the sight, ear, or taste ; shocking ; 
dreadful ; horrible. 

hiding (hid'ing), n. concealment; a 
beating. 

hie (hi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. hied, p.pr. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, tTien. 



hie 



414 



hil 



hieing], to excite; speed: v.i. to 
hasten. 

liierarcL. ('er-ark), n. the chief ruler 
of an ecclesiastical body ; the leader 
of an angelic host ; in ancient 
Greece, an officer who had charge of 
votive offerings. 

Merarcliic ('ik), adj. pertaining to a 
hierarch, or a hierarchy. Also hier- 
archical. 

tierarcliisiii (-izm), n. church gov- 
ernment by a hierarchy. 

Merarcliy (-i), n. [pi. hierarchies 
(-iz)], the higher and lower clergy 
of a church ; priesthood ; rank of 
holy beings, as angels ; in biology, 
a series of systematic groups. 

hieratic (-e-rat'ik) , adj. pertaining to 
priests ; sacred ; consecrated. Also 
hieratical. 

hiero, a prefix meaning sacred, as 
/iterophant, a priest who, in ancient 
Greece, initiated novices into the 
sacred mysteries. 

hieroglypliic (hi-er-o-glif'ik), n. a 
sacred character or symbol : pi. the 
picture writings of the ancient 
Egj'ptians, &c. : adj. pertaining to 
hieroglyphics ; emblematic. 

liieroglypliicaliy (-al-li), adv. by 
hieroglyphics. 

hierology (-ol'o-ji), n. the science 
of hieroglyphics. 

Mggle (hig'l), v.i. to carry provi- 
sions about for sale ; chaffer ; dis- 
pute about trifles. 

liiggledy-piggledy ( -di-pig'1-di) , 
adv. in confusion ; topsy-turvy. 

liigli (hi), adj. elevated in place; 
lofty ; exalted in degree or quality ; 
chief ; head ; honorable ; noble ; of 
large amount or quantity ; strong ; 
powerful ; intense ; tempestuous ; 
full or complete ; near to the wind ; 
tainted ; shrill ; acute : n. an ele- 
vated place : adv. aloft ; profoundly ; 
^eminently ; aloud ; luxurious. 

iiigli-chTircli Ccherch), adj. attach- 
ing great importance to the prerog- 
ative and authority of the Church, 
its sacraments and priesthood. 

high-colored ('kul-erd), adj. having 
a strong, deep, or glaring color ; 
flushed ; vivid ; exaggerated. 

highest ('est), adj. most high. 



highfalutin ( -f a-Iu'tin ) , adj. bom- 
bastic : n. bombastic speech. 

high- farming ('fiirm-ing), adj. 
using fertilizing manures extensive- 
ly. 

high-flown ('flon), adj. elevated; 
proud ; extravagant ; inflated. 

high-handed ('hand'ed), adj. vio- 
lent ; arbitrary. 

high- jinks ('jingks), n. sportive jol- 
lification. 

highland ('land), n. a mountainous 
region : pi. the mountainous dis- 
tricts of Scotland. 

high life (lif), n. fashionable socie- 
ty ; its manner of living. 

highlows ('loz)], n.pl. laced shoes 
reaching to the ankle. 

highly ('li), adv. in a high manner; 
in a great degree ; with high esteem 
or opinion ; proudly ; arrogantly. 

high mass (mas), n. a mass, usually 
at the high altar, at which a dea- 
con and a subdeacon assist the cele- 
brant. 

highness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being high ; a title of honor 
applied to persons of princely rank 
(with a possessive pronoun). 

high priest (prest), n. a chief priest, 
especially the principal priest of the 
Jewish hierarchy. 

highroad ('rod), n. a chief road; 
highway ; an easy course or method. 

highstrung ('strung), adj. strung to 
a high pitch ; extremely sensitive. 

hight (hit), p.adj. called. 

high-toned ('tond) ,0(?i.high pitched ; 
high principled ; fashionable. 

highwater ('waw-ter), adj. pertain- 
ing to high tide, or its height or 
time. 

highway ('wa), n. a public road; a 
course or path. 

highwayman (-man), n. [pi. high- 
waymen (-men)], one who robs on 
the public road. 

high wine (win), n. a distillage of 
wine ; brandy containing a large 
^percentage of alcohol. 

hilarious (hi-la'ri-us), adj. merry; 
exhilarated. 

hilarity (-lar'i-ti), n. [pi. hilarities 
(-tiz)], noisy merriment; exhilara- 
tion. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, th&n. 






I 



Il 



i 




I 



I 



hil 



415 



his 



hill (hil), n. an elevation less than a 
mountain ; a small mound or heap : 
v.t. to draw earth about (plants in 
mounds), as potatoes. 

hilliness ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
ing hilly. 

hillock ('ok), n. a small hill. 

hilly ('i), adj. abounding with, or 
characterized by, hills ; rugged. 

hilt (hilt), n. a handle, especially of 
a sword. 

him (him) , pr 071. the objective case of 
he. 

hind (hind), n. the female of the 
stag or red deer ; a farm servant ; 
peasant : adj. backward ; hinder. 

hinder (hind'er), adj. belonging to, 
or constituting, the back or r>"'ar of 
anything. 

hinder (hin'der), v.t. to obstruct ^r 
impede : v.i. to impose obstruction^ 
or impediments. 

hindermost (hind'er-most),o<Zi. same 
as hindmost. 

hindmost (hmd'most), adj. farthest 
from the front ; in the extreme rear. 

Hindoo, same as Hindu. 

hindrance (hin'drans), n. obstruc- 
tion. 

Hindu ('doo), n, a native of Hin- 
dustan belonging to the Arj an race ; 
Brahman : adj. pertaining to the 
Hindus or to Hinduism. Also Hin- 
doo. 

Hinduism (-izm), n. Brahmanism, 
more or less modified from the orig- 
inal cult. 

Hindustani (-sta'ne), n. the official 
and common language of India ; 
Urdu. Also Hindustanee. 

hinge (hinj), n. the joint or hook 
on which a door, &c., turn or swing ; 
the joint of a bivalve shell ; that on 
which anything depends or turns : 
v.t. to furnish with a hinge : v.i. to 
stand, turn, or depend, as on a hinge. 

hinny (hin'i), v.i. [p.t. & p.p: hin- 
nied, p.pr. hinnying], to neigh: n. 
the offspring of a horse and a she 
ass. 

hint (hint), v.t, to suggest; mention 
casually : n. a suggestion ; distant 
allusion. 

hip (hip), n. the upper fleshy part 
of the thigh ; haunch ; the coxa of 



an insect ; the rafter at the junction 
of two sloping roofs ; the fruit of 
the briar or dogrose ; melancholy : 
interj. a huzzah : v.t. Vp.t. & p.p. 
hipped, p.pr. hipping], to sprain or 
fracture the hip of ; affect with mel- 
ancholy ; build v/ith a hip ; throw by 
a cross-buttock in wrestling, 

hipp, a prefix meaning horse. Also 
hippo, as /tippophagy, the practice 
of eating horse-flesh. 

Hippocampus (-o-kam'pus), n. [pi. 
Hippocampi (-pi)], a genus of 
small osseous fishes, having the head 
and shoulders somewhat resembling 
that of a horse. 

hippocampus, n. a sea-horse ; the 
name of two eminences on the lat- 
eral ventricles of the brain (hippo- 
campus major and hippocampus mi- 
nor). 

hippodrome ('o-drom), n. an an- 
cient Greek race-course for eques- 
trian games and chariots ; a circus ; 
a fraudulent contest or race, the re- 
sult of which has been previously 
arranged. 

hippogrifE ('o-grif), n. a fabulous 
winged monster, half horse, half 
grifiin. 

hippology (-ol'o-ji), n. the study of 
the horse, its structure, habits, &c. 

hippopotamus (-pot'a-mus), n. [pi, 
hippopotami (-mi), -muses (-ez)], 
a large pachydermatous aquatic 
animal of Africa ; the river-horse. 

hircine (her'sin), adj. resembling a 
goat ; smelling like a goat : n. an 
oily product with a foetid smell 
found in the fat of goats and sheep. 

hire (hir), v.t. to engage for tem- 
porary service at a certain price ; 
bribe ; let or lease : n. recompense 
or consideration paid for the use of 
anything ; wages ; bribe. 

hireling (Mr 'ling), n. one who serves 
for hire : adj. mercenary. 

hirsute (her'sut), adj. hairy; shaggy. 

Ms (hiz), pron. poss. case of he. 

Hispanic (his-pan'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to Hispania or Spain. 

Hispanicism ('i-sizm), n. a Spanish 
idiom. 

hispid Cpid), adj. bristly. 

hiss (his), n. a noise, made by fore- 



ate, arm, 



at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



Ms 



416 



kob 



ing the breath between the tongue 
and upper teeth, resembling that of 
a serpent or goose : v.i. to utter such 
a sound, especially as expressing dis- 
approbation or contempt. 

hist (hist), inter] . silence! hark! 

liisto, a prefix meaning tissue, as 
/listogr aphy, a description of or- 
ganic tissues. 

histology (-tol'o-ji), n. the science 
of animal tissues ; microscopic anat- 
omy. 

historian (-to'ri-an), n. a writer or 
student of history. 

historic (-tor'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
contained in, or celebrated in, his- 
tory ', relating to the past. Also his- 
torical. 

historiette (-to-ri-et'), n. a short 
history. 

historiographer (-og'ra-fer), n. a 
writer of history, especially an offi- 
cial historian. 

history ('to-ri), n. [pi. histories 
(-riz)], a narration of facts and 
events arranged chronologically with 
their causes and effects ; knowledge 
of facts. 

histrionic (-tri-on'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to actors or the stage ; theatri- 
cal ; also histrionical : n.pl. the art 
of theatrical representation. 

histrionically (-al-li), adv. theat- 
rically. 

histrionicism ('i-sizm), stage effect. 

histrionism (-izm), n. stage repre- 
sentation ; affectation. 

hit (hit), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. hit, p.pr. 
hitting], to strike; give a blow to; 
touch (the mark) ; attain to; suit: 
v.i. to clash or collide ; succeed : n. 
a stroke or blow ; a lucky event ; 
felicitous remark. 

.hitch ( hich ) , n. a. catch ; that which 
acts like a catch ; impediment ; a 
I pulling or jerking upwards : v.i. to 
become entangled or caught; move 
by jerks ; strike the feet together, 
as horses : v.t. to fasten or tie ; pull 
up with a jerk. 

hitching ('ing), n. a fastening in 
harness. 

hither (hii?t'er), adv. to this place: 
adj. on the side nearest to the 
speaker. 



hive (hiv), n. an artificial receptacle 
or house for bees ; a swarm of bees 
inhabiting a hive ; a busy assem- 
blage or society : v.t. to gather or 
put into a hive ; harbor : v.i. to live 
or take shelter together. 

hives (hivz), n.pl. nettle-rash; croup. 

ho (ho), inter j. stop! hold! 

hoar (hor), adj. white; grey with 
age ; ancient. 

hoard (hord), n. a store or treasure 
laid up secretly ; an accumulation 
of things : v.t. to collect and lay up : 
v.i. to lay up store. 

hoarding ('ing), n. the act of stor- 
ing up ; a fence of rough boards in- 
closing a building site. 

hoar-frost (hor'frost), n. white par- 
ticles of frozen dew or moisture. 

hoarhound ('hound), n. a white 
woolly aromatic herb. 

hoarse (hors), adj. rough and harsh 
in sound, as the voice when affected 
by a cold. 

hoarsely ('li), adv. in a hoarse man- 
ner. 

hoarseness ('nes), n. the state of 
being hoarse. 

hoax (hoks), n. a sportive deceptive 
trick ; practical joke : v.t. to take in, 
or delude, by a hoax. 

hob (hob), n. the flat part of a grate 
on which things are placed to be 
kept warm ; a sprite or fairy. 

hobble ('1), v.i. to walk with a limp 
or awkward step : v.t. embarrass or 
perplex ; shackle : n. limping or awk- 
ward step. 

hobble-de-hoy (-de-hoi'), n. a lad 
between boyhood and manhood ; an 
inexperienced, awkward youth, 

hobbly ('li), adj. rough or uneven. 

hobby (hob'i), n. [pi. hobbies ('iz)], 
a favorite pursuit or object ; an 
ambling nag ; a hotby-horse ; a kind 
of falcon. 

hobby-horse (-hors), n. a stick with 
a horse's head, across which children 
sit ; a wooden or rocking-horse ; a 
character in old morris dances. 

hobgoblin (-gob'lin), n. a goblin, 
sprite, or elf, especially one of fright- 
ful appearance : hence an alarming 
apparition. 

hobnail ('nal), n. a short thick nail 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



Itob 



417 



hoi 



with a large head : used for protect- 
ing the soles of heavy boots. 

hobnob ('nob), v.i. to drink famil- 
iarly with ; associate intimately to- 
gether. 

hobo (ho'bo), n. an idle itinerant 
workman ; a tramp. 

hock (hok), n. the joint between the 
knee and the fetlock ; the back part 
of the human knee-joint ; any white 
Rhine wine ; pawn. 

hockey ('i), n. an outdoor game 
played with a ball and clubs curved 
at one end. 

hocus (ho'kus), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ho- 
cused, p.pr. hocusing], to cheat or 
trick ; to stupefy or render insensi- 
ble by means of drugged liquor in 
order to cheat or rob : n. a. trick or 
juggle ; drugged liquor. 

hocus-pocus (po'kus), n. a juggler's 
trick ; a juggler. 

hod (hod), n. a wooden trough, af- 
fixed to a long handle, for carrying 
mortar or bricks ; a coal-scuttle ; a 
male ferret. 

hod-carrier ('kar-i-er), n. a man 
who carries a hod ; hodman. 

hodge-podge ('poj), n. a medley of 
ingredients, as in a hodge-podge 
pudding. 

hodman (hod'mun), n. a bricklay- 
er's laborer ; a hod-carrier. 

hoe (ho), n. an agricultural tool for 
cutting weeds, &c. : v.t. to cut, or 
till, with a hoe ; clear from weeds. 

hog (hog), n. a swine; a kind of 
rough broom used for scrubbing a 
ship's bottom under water ; a grasp- 
ing, gluttonous person : v.t. [p.t. 
& p.p. hogged, p.pr. hogging], to 
scrub (a ship's bottom) under water ; 
to cut (the hair) short : v.i. to droop 
at both ends : said of a ship. 

hogshead (z'hed), n. a measure of 
capacity = 52% imperial gals, or 63 
wine gals. ; a large barrel or cask. 

hoideu (hoi'dn), n. a rude rustic 
girl ; romp : adj. inelegant ; rustic ; 
ill-mannered : v.i. to romp roughly 
or indelicately. Also hoyden. 

hoist (hoist), v.t. to lift or raise with 
tackle ; heave : n. an apparatus for 
lifting goods from a lower to a 
higher floor, &c. ; a lift. 



hoity-toity (hoi'ti-toi'ti), inter j. an 
exclamation of surprise, rebuke, &c. 

hoki ('ki), n. a New Zealand fish. 

hoky-poky (ho'ki-po'ki) , n. a com- 
mon kind of ice-cream sold in slabs. 

hold (hold), v.t. [p.t. held, p.p. held, 
holden, p.pr. holding], to grasp and 
keep in the hand ; clutch ; retain ; 
keep ; possess ; connect ; judge or 
consider ; entertain ; contain ; cele- 
brate ; use : v.i. to cling ; adhere ; 
stand good ; continue ; proceed ; re- 
frain ; maintain an opinion : n. the 
act of holding ; a grasp or clutch ; 
an embrace ; support ; a fortified 
place ; that part of a vessel where 
the cargo is stored. 

holdfast ('fast), n. a hook or sup- 
port : adj. tenacious. 

holding ('ing), n. anything - held ; 
tenure or right of possession ; a 
farm held of a superior. 

hole (hoi), n. a cavity; hollow 
place ; pit ; perforation ; the burrow 
of an animal ; mean habitation ; a 
difficulty or dilemma. 

holiday (hol'i-da), n. a day of gaiety 
and joy in celebration of some event, 
&c. ; a day of freedom from labor : 
adj. pertaining to a festival ; joyous ; 
gay. 

holily (ho'li-li), adv. piously. 

holiness ('li-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being holy ; freedom from 
sin ; moral and spiritual purity ; 
sacredness ; a title of the Pope. 

hoUand (hol'and), n. fine unbleached 
Jinen, glazed or unglazed : pi. a kind 
of gin. 

holloa (hol'a), v.i. to shout to one at 
a distance : n. a shout. 

hollow ('o), adj. having a void space 
within : opposed to solid ; sunken ; 
superficial ; unreal : n. a cavity ; 
pit ; groove ; space between hills or 
elevations ; insincere ; deep ; low : 
v.t. to make hollow : adv. complete- 
ly ; thoroughly. 

hollow- ware (-war), n. cast-iron 
kitchen utensils, earthenware, &c. 

holly ('li), n. a shrub or tree of the 
genus Ilex, with glossy, prickly 
leaves and red berries. 

hollyhock (hol'i-hok), n. a tall bien- 
nial plant of the mallow family with 
large flowers. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boonn 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



hoi 



418 



horn, 



holm (horn), n. an evergreen oak; 
low flat land by the side of a river ; 
a small river island. 

liolo, a prefix meaning whole, entire, 
as /ioZocrj'ptic, undecipherable. 

holoblastic (hol-o-blas'tik), adj. 
wholly germinal. 

holocaust ('o-kawst), n. a sacrifice 
vi'holly consumed by fire. 

holocryptic, see under holo. 

holograpli ('o-graf), n. a document 
entirely in the handwriting of the 
author. 

holster (hol'ster), n. a leather pistol- 
case usually carried at the saddle- 
bow. 

holt (holt), n. a wooded hill; a bur- 
row or hiding place. 

holy (ho'li), adj. [comp. holier, su- 
perl. holiest], pure; morally and 
spiritually perfect ; sinless ; preemi- 
nently good ; pious ; sacred ; conse- 
crated. 

holy day (da), a religious festival. 

Holy Ghost, same as Holy Spirit. 

Holy Liand (land), n. Palestine. 

Holy Rood (rood), n. a cross or 
crucifix, especially one over the en- 
trance to the chancel. 

Holy Spirit (spir'it), n. God; the 
third person of the Trinity. 

holystone (-ston), n. a large flat 
piece of stone used for scouring the 
ship's decks: v.t. to scrub (a deck) 
with a holystone. 

homage (hom'aj), n. respect paid by 
external action ; deference ; rever- 
ence ; the ceremony by which a 
tenant or vassal promised fealty and 
service to his feudal lord. 

homalo, a prefix, meaning even, 
plajie, as homaloidal, flat; plane. 

home (horn), n. one's abode or resi- 
dence ; dwelling-place of a man and 
his family ; fatherland ; habitat ; a 
benevolent or charitable institution • 
adj. pertaining to one's abode or 
country ; domestic : to the point de- 
signed ; near ; effective : adv. to or at 
home ; to the uttermost ; closely. 

homeliness ('li-nes), n. the state of 
being homely ; plainness ; rudeness. 

homely ('li), adj. plain-featured; un- 
cultured ; rude. In England benevo- 
lent, kindly, homelike. 



home-made ('mad), adj. of house- 
hold or domestic manufacture, as 
home-made bread. 

homeopathic ("lo-me-o-path'ik), adj. 
of or pertaining to homeopathy ; ex- 
tremely small in quantity. 

homeopathist (op'a-thist) , n. one 
who practices or believes in homeop- 
athy. 

homeopathy (op'a-thi), n. the medi- 
cal system introduced by Hahne- 
mann (1755-1843) which seeks to 
cure diseases by the administration 
of medicines in minute quantities to 
produce in the patient symptoms 
similar to those the same medicine 
would produce in a healthy person. 

Homeridae (ho-mer'i-de), n.pl. the 
poetical descendants of Homer ; the 
rhapsodists who recited the Homeric 
poems. 

home rule (horn rool), n. local self- 
government, especially that form of 
governmenf for Ireland advocated 
by ]Mr. Gladstone and the Irish 
Party. 

homesich (hom'sik), adj. ill because 
of absence from home ; nostalgic. 

homesickness (-nes), n. state of be- 
ing homesick ; nostalgia. 

homestead ('sted), n. a dwelling- 
house with the adjacent land ; orig- 
inal abode. 

homicidal ( hom'i-si-dal ) , adj. per- 
taining to, or having a tendency to, 
homicide. 

homicide ('i-sid), n. the killing of a 
human being ; one who kills another. 

homiletic (-i-let'ik), adj. pertaining 
to homiletics. Also homiletical. 

homiletics ('iks), 7i.pl. that branch 
of theology which treats of ser- 
mons and their composition. 

homilist ('i-list), n. a preacher. 

homily ('i-Ii), n. [pi. homilies (-liz) ], 
a plain religious discourse or sermon. 

homing (hom'ing), adj. returning 
home : said of carrier pigeons. 

hominy (hom'i-ni), n. Indian-corn 
soaked so as to remove the hull, and 
then coarsely ground. 

homo, a prefix meaning like, same, 
similar, as Ziomocercal, lobed alike, 
as the tail of a mackerel. 

homocentric, same as concentric. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon^ 
book ; hue, hut ; think, *7ien. 



horn 



419 



hoo 



homoeopathy, same as homeopathy. 

homogeneity (ho-mo-je-ne'i-ti), n. 
similarity. 

homogeneous (-je'ne-us), adj. uni- 
form ; composed of similar parts or 
elements. 

homogenesis (-jen'e-sis), n. a mode 
of reproduction in which the oif- 
spring of a higher organism passes 
through the same cycle of existence 
as the parent. 

homogenous (-moj'e-nus), adj. ot the 
same origin. Also homogenetic. 

homograph ('mo-graf), n. a word 
spelled the same way as another 
word, but having a different mean- 
ing, and derived from a different 
root, as grave = a tomb, grave = 
serious. 

homologous (-mol'o-gus), adj. iden- 
tical. 

homologue ('mo-log), n. the same 
organ or part in different animals, 
but varying in form and functions, 
as a hand, fin, &c. 

homology ('o-ji), n. affinity of struc- 
ture. 

homomorph ('mo-morf), n. a sim- 
ilar character or mark. 

homonym ('mo-nim), n. a word alike 
in sound, but differing in meaning, 
as 2^air, pare, pear. 

homophone (ho'mo-fon), n. a letter 
representing the same sound as an- 
other. 

homophonous (-mof'o-nus) , adj. 
alike in sound, but differing in mean- 
ing. 

homotype Cmo-tip), n. that part of 
an animal which corresponds to 
another part. 

hone (hon), n. a kind of fine whet- 
stone : v.t. to sharpen on a hone. 

honest (on'est), adj. upright; just; 
sincere ; honorable ; equitable ; fair ; 
righteous ; chaste ; frank or open. 

honesty (-i), n. the quality of being 
honest. 

honey (hun'i), n. a sweet, viscid, 
syrupy substance collected by bees 
from flowers ; sweetness ; darling or 
sweet one : adj. resembling honey : 
v.t. to talk to in an endearing or 
flattering manner. 

honey-bee (-be), n. the common 
hive-bee. 



honeycomb (-kom), n, the waxen 
hexagonal cells made by bees to con- 
tain their honey, eggs, &c. ; any 
structure resembling a honeycomb : 
v.t. to fill with holes, &c., so as to 
leave only thin partitions. 

honey dew (-du), a saccharine secre- 
tion from the leaves of certain 
plants ; a sweet substance secreted 
by aphids ; a variety of tobacco. 

honey-loeust (-lo-kust), n. a large 
American tree of the bean family. 

honeymoon (-moon), n. the first 
month after marriage. 

honeysuckle (-suk'l), n. a climbing 
plant with fragrant flowers. 

honiton (hon'i-tun), n. a kind of 
lace. 

honorarium (on-o-ra'ri-um), n. a 
fee paid to a professional man. 

honorary ('er-a-ri), adj. done, or 
conferred, as an honor. 

honor ('er), n. respectful regard; 
esteem ; worship ; reputation ; ex- 
alted rank ; fame ; magnanimity ; 
scorn of meanness ; self-respect ; 
chastity ; an outward mark of high 
esteem ; glory ; a title used in ad- 
dressing certain officials ; one of the 
four highest trump cards in whist : 
pi. in a university examination, the 
highest class : v.t. to treat with re- 
spect, deference, or civility ; revere 
or worship : bestow marks of honor 
upon (with toith) ; dignity; ac- 
knowledge ; accept and pay when 
due. 

honorable (-a-bl), adj. worthy of, 
or conferring, honor ; distinguished 
in rank ; high-minded ; illustrious ; 
upright ; indicating honor ; a title 
of distinction. 

honorably (-bli), adv. in an honor- 
able manner. 

hood (hood), n. a soft wrapper or 
covering for the head ; a monk's, 
woman's, or falcon's hood ; a fold- 
ing cover for a carriage ; an orna- 
mental fold hanging down the back 
denoting a university degree ; some- 
thing resembling a hood ; a cowl : 
v.t. to cover or furnish with, or as 
with, a hood : suffix = state, con- 
dition, or quality, as manhood, 
hsivdiJiood. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



I 



Iioo 



420 



hor 



lioodlum (hood'lum) , n. originally a 
Californian rough or bully ; a rowdy. 

iLOodoo (hoo'doo), n. a person or 
thing that causes ill-luck : v.t. to 
bring ill-luck upon. 

liood-v^iixk (hood'wingk), v.t. to de- 
ceive : blindfola. 

hoof (hoof), 01. [pi. hoofs], the horny 
substance covering the feet of cer- 
tain mammals, as horses, &c. ; an 
animal with hoofs. 

hook (hook), n. a curved piece of 
metal, bone, &c, to hold or catch 
something ; a fish-hook ; sickle ; a 
trap ; an instrument for lopping or 
cutting ; a cape or headland : v.t. to 
catch with, or as with, a hook ; to 
gore or attack with the horns . 

hookah (hoo'kiih), n. a pipe with a 
long flexible tube which draws the 
smoke through a vase containing 
water. Also hooka. 

hooked (hookt), p.adj. curved like a 
book. 

hooker (hook'er), n. one who, or' 
that which, hooks ; a fishing-smack ; 
a small Dutch vessel ; any clumsy, 
ill-fitted, old craft. 

hook--woriii (hook-werm), n. a 
parasite which enters the human 
body by the feet, and, by sucking 
the blood, produces inanition. 

hoop (h5op, or hoop), n. a metal or 
wooden band to hold together the 
staves of a cask, &c. ; the band of 
a finger-ring ; a kind of crinoline ; 
a large circular ring of metal or 
wood used by children for trun- 
dling ; anything curved like a hoop ; 
a wiioop ; the noise made in whoop- 
ing-cough : v.t. to bind or secure 
with a hoop ; encircle. 

hooper ('er), n. a cooper; the wild 
swan. 

hooping ('ing), n. material for mak- 
ing hoops ; hoops collectively. 

hooping-cough, same as whooping- 
cough. 

hoopoe (hoo'po), n. a bird with an 
erect crest and handsome plumage. 

hoot (hoot), n. .a contemptuous 
shout : v.t. to jeer or drive with 
contemptuous shouts : v.i. to utter 
a hoot. 

hoove (hoov), n. a disease in cattle, 
in which the abdomen is distended. 



hop (hop), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. hopped, 
p.pr. hopping], to leap over; im- 
pregnate with hops : v.i. to proceed 
by short leaps on one leg ; skip with 
both legs ; limp ; to pick hops : n. a 
jump on one leg ; a dance ; a twin- 
ing plant the ripened cones of 
w^hich are used in brewing to im- 
part a bitter taste to malt liquors : 
adj. pertaining to hops. 

hope (hop), n. the desire of good 
accompanied by expectation ; antic- 
ipation ; confidence ; the object of 
hope : v.t. to expect with confidence 
or desire : v.i. to cherish a desire 
for good ; trust confidently. 

hopeful ('fool), adj. full of hope; 
promising success. 

hopefully (-li), adv. in a hopeful 
manner. 

hoplite (hop'lit), n. an ancient 
Greek heavy-armed foot-soldier. 

hopper (hop'er), n. one who, or that 
w'hich, hops ; a name for various 
leaping insects ; a wooden trough or 
funnel through which grain passes 
into a mill ; mechanism in a piano 
for lifting the hammer ; a seed-bas- 
ket used in sowing grain ; a hop- 
picker ; the basin of a water-closet. 

hoppet ('et), n. a hand-basket; a 
dish for measuring ore. 

hopple ('1), v.t. to hobble. 

hoppy ('i), adj. full of, or tasting 
like, hops. 

hops, see under hop. 

hopscotch ('skoch), n. a children's 
game, in which a flat stone is driven 
from one numbered compartment 
to another by the player while he 
hops. 

horal (ho'ral), adj. pertaining to, or 
lasting, an hour ; hourly. Also 
horary. 

horde (hord), n. a nomadic tribe or 
clan dwelling in tents or wagons ; a 
vast multitude : v.i. to live, or act 
together, in hordes. 

hordeine (h6r'de-in), n. a starch-like 
substance obtained from barley. 

horehound, same as hoarhound. 

horizon (ho-ri'zun), n. the circular 
line where the sky and earth, or 
sea, appear to meet : hence the 
limit of one's mental vision. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boou, 
book; hiie, hut; think, then. 



lior 



421 



lior 



horizontal ( hor-i-zon'tal ) , adj. paral- 
lel to, or situated near, the horizon ; 
level : opposed to vertical. 

horizontally (-li), adv. in a horizon- 
tal direction. 

horn (horn), n. a hard projecting, 
usually' curved, protuberance on the 
head of certain mammals, especially 
hoofed animals ; a thickened form of 
tissue; anything made of horn, or 
like horn ; a wind instrument ; one 
of the extremities of the moon v^hen 
in crescent form. 

hornbeak ('bek), n. the garfish. 

hornbeam ('bem), n. a small tree 
yielding a tough wood : used for cog- 
wheels, &c. 

hornbill ('bil), n. a bird with a 
large horn-crested bill, allied to the 
kingfishers. 

Jbiernblende ('blend), n. a dark- 
green or black-colored mineral with 
a horn-like cleavage. 

horned (hornd), adj. having horns; 
horn-shaped. 

hornet (hor'net), n. a social wasp 
which inflicts a severe sting : hence 
a waspish, disagreeable person. 

hox'ning (hOrn'ing), n. the appear- 
ance of the moon at her first and 
last quarter. 

hornpipe (horn'pip), n. a lively 
dance, especially by sailors ; an ob- 
solete wind instrument. 

horn-wrack ('rak), n. sea-mat. 

horny ('i), adj. like horn. 

horologe (hor'o-loj), n. a mechan- 
ism, as a clock, &c., for marking the 
hours. 

horology (ho-rol'o-ji), n. the art of 
measuring time, or of constructing 
timepieces. 

horometer (ho-rom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring time. 

horoscope (hor'o-skop), n. a repre- 
sentation of the heavens at any 
time, especially at one's birth. 

horoscopy (ho-ros'ko-pi), n. the art 
of casting horoscopes and determin- 
ing the destiny of persons from 
them : a horoscope. 

horrent (hor'ent), adj. erect; bris- 
tling. 

horrible ('i-bl), adj. terrible; dread- 
ful. 



horribleness (-nes), n. the state of 
being horrible. 

horribly ('i-bli), adv. terribly; 
dreadfully. 

hori'id ('id), adj. dreadful; terrible; 
hideous ; most obnoxious ; gloomy. 

horrific (-if'ik), adj. causing horror. 

horrify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. horri- 
fied], to fill or strike with horror. 

horripilation (-ip-i-la'shun), n. a 
shuddering sensation as of the hair 
standing on end, or goose-flesh. 

horror ('er), n. excessive fear ac- 
companied with shuddering ; ex- 
treme dread ; great disgust : pi. ex- 
treme depression ; delirium tre- 
mens (with the). 

hors de combat (or de cong-ba'), 
prep. phr. out of the fight ; dis- 
abled [ French 1. 

hors-d'oeuvre (-doovr'), n. a side 
dish [French]. 

horse (hors), n. a solid-hoofed ani- 
mal, used for riding or drawing 
burdens ; a male of the species ; cav- 
alry ; a framework or machine for 
the support of anything : a foot- 
rope to support the foot of a sailor 
under a yard or the bowsprit ; work 
charged for before it is executed : 
v.t. to mount on, or furnish with, 
a horse ; carry on horseback ; place 
astride : v.i. to get on horseback : 
adj. noting something coarse or 
large. 

horse-fly ('fli), n. a large fly that 
stings horses. 

horse-laugh ('laf), n. a coarse noisy 
laugh. 

horse-power ('pou-er), n. the theo- 
retical unit of work of a steam- 
engine = 33,000 lb. raised 1 ft. in 1 
minute. 

horseradish ('rad-ish), n. a plant 
with a long root having an acrid 
pungent taste. 

horseshoe ('shoo), n. a U-shaped 
metal shoe to protect the hoof of a 
horse ; anything U-shaped ; the king 
crab. 

horseweed (^wed), w. the fleabane. 

horsy ('i), adj. pertaining to horses. 
Also horsey. 

hortative (hor'ta-tiv), adj. inciting; 
giving exhortation. Also hortatory. 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, *7ien. 



tor 



422 



lion 



hortensial (-ten'shal), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or fitted for, a garden. 

L-orticultural (-ti-knl'tu-ral), adj. 
pertaining to horticulture. 

liorticulture (-ti-kul'ttir), n. the 
art of cultivating gardens. 

Iiorticulturist (-ist), n. one who is 
skilled in horticulture. 

3iosanna (ho-zan'a), n. an excla- 
mation of praise and glory to God. 

liose (hoz), n. [pi. hose], coverings 
for the legs ; stockings ; flexible tub- 
ing for conveying v^ater, &c. 

liosier ('zher), n. one who deals in 
hosiery. 

hosiery (-i), stockings, undercloth- 
ing, &c. ; a manufactory for such 



liospice (hos'pis), n. an Alpine con- 
vent for the reception and enter- 
tainment of travelers. 

liospitaMe ('pit-a-bl), adj. receiv- 
ing and entertaining friends or 
strangers. 

hospital ('pi-tal), n. an institution 
for the medical treatment and care 
of the sick. 

hospitality Ci-ti), n. [pi. hospital- 
ities ( -tiz ) ] , the practice of enter- 
taining friends and strangers with 
kindness and liberality. 

host (host), n. a crowd; multitude; 
army ; one who entertains another 
in public or private ; a landlord of 
an hotel or inn ; an organism on 
which another is parasitic ; the con- 
secrated bread or wafer of the 
Eucharist, in the Greek Roman 
Catholic, and Lutheran Churches. 

hostage (hos'taj), n. a person who 
remains in the hands of another as 
a pledge for the fulfilment of cer- 
tain conditions ; a pledge. 

hostel ('tel), n. a hostelry; at Ox- 
ford and Cambridge, a small unen- 
dowed college. 

hostelry (-ri), n. an inn or lodging- 
house. 

hostess (host'es), n. a female host. 

hostile (hos'til), adj. showing ani- 
mosity ; inimical ; adverse ; repug- 
nant : n. a hostile Indian. 

hostility (-til'i-ti), n. [pi. hostilities 
(-tiz)], the state of being hostile; 
antagonism ; enmity ; animosity : pi. 
acts of warfare. 



hostler ('ler), n. one who takes 
charge of horses at an inn. Also 
ostler. 

hot (hot), adj. [comp. hotter, superl. 
hottest], having much heat; burn- 
ing ; fiery ; passionate ; lustful ; 
ardent ; furious ; pungent ; acrid ; 
unendurable ; near to the object 
sought for. 

hotbed ('bed), n. a bed of earth cov- 
ered with glass and made warm by 
the fermentation of manure, for 
rearing plants. 

hotchpotch (hoch'poch), n. a mix- 
ture of various ingredients ; a thick 
broth of meat and vegetables 
[Scotch] ; a commixture of property 
for division. 

hotel ho-tel'), n. a superior inn or 
lodging-house. 

hothouse (hot'hous), n. a glazed 
building artificially heated for rear- 
ing tender plants ; a drying-room. 

hot-mouthed ('mouth't), adj. head- 
strong. 

hotpress ('pres), v.i. to gloss paper 
or linen by passing it between heated 
rollers. 

hotspur (hot'sper), n. a man of 
hasty and precipitate valor : adj. 
hot-headed. 

Hottentot ('en-tot), n. one of an 
aboriginal South African race in 
Cape Colony ; the language spoken 
by the Hottentots, characterized by 
a peculiar click. 

houdah, same as howdah. 

hough, same as hock. 

hound (hound), n. a particular breed 
of hunting dog; a despicable, mean 
fellow : v.t. to chase with, or as 
with, hounds ; incite ; set upon. 

houndfish ('fish), n. a kind of shark. 

hour (our), n. the l-24th part of a 
day ; 60 minutes ; particular time : 
pi. life ; in the Roman Catholic 
Church, prayers repeated at stated 
times during the day ; the book con- 
taining such devotional exercises. 

Hour (our), n. one of the Horse, god- 
desses of the hours and seasons. 

hour-glass (our'glas), n. a device 
for measuring time by running sand 
through a narrow neck of a glass 
vessel. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, *^en. 



— jn 



423 



tng 



lionri (hou' or hoo'ri), n. [pi. houris 
('riz) ], one of the dark-eyed nymphs 
of the Mohammedan paradise. 

bouse (hous), n. a building for resi- 
dence ; place of abode ; household af- 
fairs ; manner of living ; family or 
race, especially of high rank ; one of 
the divisions of a legislative or ec- 
clesiastical body ; a quorum of the 
members of such a body ; a mercan- 
tile firm ; in astrology, the station 
of a planet in the heavens, or the 
12th part of the heavens ; a square 
on a chess-board ; a v^orkhouse : 
(houz) v.t. to place in a house; 
shelter or^ lodge ; make secure before 
a storm : v.i. hide ; to take shelter. 

honse-'boat ('bot), n. a covered boat 
fitted up as a river residence. 

household ('hold), n. a family liv- 
ing together : adj. domestic ; pertain- 
ing to a family or home. 

housing (houz'ing), n. a saddle 
cloth : pi. ornamental trappings of 
a horse. 

hovel (hov'l), n. a mean habitation; 
hut or cabin : v.t. to shelter in a 
hovel. 

hover (huv'er), v.i. to flutter over 
or about ; stand in suspense or ex- 
pectation ; move about in a neigh- 
borhood. 

how (hou), adv. in v^hat manner; to 
what degree or extent ; for what 
reason. 

howbeit (-be'it), adv. nevertheless. 

howdah (hou'da), n. a protected 
seat for riding on an elephant or 
camel. Also houdah. 

howel ('el), n. a cooper's smoothing 
plane. 

however (-ev'er), adv. in whatever 
manner or degree ; at all events : 
conj. notwithstanding ; yet. 

howitzer ('itz-er), n. a short can- 
non, formerly used for throwing 
shells. 

howl (houl), n. the prolonged cry of 
a dog or wolf ; the cry of one in pain 
or distress : v.i. to cry like a dog or 
wolf ; utter a prolonged cry of pain 
or distress ; roar, like the wind ; cry 
down by clamor : v.t. to utter in a 
loud wailing tone. 

howler ( 'er ) , n. one who howls ; a 



South American monkey of the ge- 
nus Mycetes. 

howliug ('ing), p. adj. filled with 
howls or howling ; dreary ; dismal ; 
extreme. 

howsoever (-so-ev'er), adv. in what 
manner soever ; although. 

hoy (hoi), n. a heavy one-masted 
coasting-vessel : inter j. ho ! 

hoyden, same as hoiden. 

hub (hub), n. the nave of a wheel; 
the peg at which quoits are thrown ; 
a kind of steel punch used in coin- 
ing, &c. ; a hilt ; a jutting obstruc- 
tion. 

hubbub (hub'bub), n. uproar. 

huccatoon (huk-ka-toon'), n. a kind 
of cotton cloth. 

huck (huk), n. a German trout. 

huckaback ('a-bak), n. a rough 
kind of linen or cotton cloth : used 
for toweling. 

huckle ( '1 ) , n. the hip ; a haunch. 

hucklebacked ('bakt), adj. round- 
shouldered. 

huckleberry (-ber-i), n. [pi. huckle- 
berries (-iz)], the edible berry of 
any spcies of Gaylussacia ; the whor- 
tleberry. 

huckster ('ster), n. one who retails 
small articles ; a mean tricky fel- 
low. 

huckstress ('stres), n. a female 
huckster. 

huddle (hud'l), v.t. to crowd to- 
gether in a disorderly manner ; col- 
lect closely ; place or perform in 
haste or disorder : v.i. to come in a 
crowd or haste (with on, up, over) : 
n. confusion ; crowd. 

hue (hii), n. color tipt ; a shouting; 
clamor, 

hue and cry (kri), n. in law, the 
common process of pursuing a felon. 

huff (huf), v.t. to puff or blow up; 
treat with insolence ; bully ; remove 
(a piece at checkers) when one's 
opponent fails to take with it : n. fit 
of petulance ; sudden offense taken. 

hug (hug) , n. a close embrace ; a par- 
ticular grip in wrestling : v.t. [p.t. 
& p.p. hugged, p.pr. hugging], to 
embrace closely ; fondle ; hold fast ; 
keep close to. 

huge (huj), adj. vast; very large. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, tlien. 



hug 



424 



hum 



hugely ('li), adv. immensely; exceed- 
ingly. 

hngeness ('nes), n. vastness ; enor- 
mous bulk. 

hugger-mugger (hug'er-mug'er), 
adj. secret ; sloven : confused. 

Huguenot (hu'ge-not or no), n. a 
name formerly applied to French 
Protestants of the 16th and 17th 
centuries. 

hulk (hulk), n. the body of a ship, 
especially if old or dismantled : pi. 
old dismasted ships formerly used 
as convict prisons (with the). 

hulking ('ing), n. unwieldy; bulky. 

hull (hul), n. outer covering, especial- 
ly of grain or nuts ; the body or frame 
of a vessel : v.t. to peel off the hull or 
husk of ; strike or pierce ( the hull 
of a vessel) with a shot or shell : v.i. 
to drift to and fro upon the sea, like 
a ship without sails. 

hullabaloo (-a-ba-loo'), n. uproar; 
noisy contention. 

hum (hum), n. the noise of bees and 
other insects in flight : v.i. [p.t. & 
p.p. hummed, p.pr. humming], to 
make such a noise : v.t. to sing in a 
low undertone; set or keep going in 
an energetic manner : interj. a 
sound with a pause implying hesita- 
tion or consideration. 

human (hu'man), adj. pertaining to, 
or characteristic of, man or man- 
kind : having the qualities of a man ; 
not divine. 

humane (-mEn'), adj. having the 
feelings proper to man ; benevolent ; 
kind ; compassionate ; elevating. 

humanely ('li), adv. in a humane 
manner. 

humaneness Cnes), n. the quality of 
being humane. 

humanize ('man-iz), v.t. to render 
human ; soften. 

humanism (-izm), n. culture derived 
from classical training; human na- 
ture. 

humanist (-ist), n. a student of the 
humanities ; one versed in the knowl- 
edge of human nature. 

humanistic (-is'tik), adj. pertaining 
to, or characteristic of, the humani- 
ties, or human nature. 

humanitarian (-i-ta'ri-an) , n. a phi- 



lanthropist ; an anti-Trinitarian ; 
one who believes that the duty of 
man consists of acting rightly to 
others ; a perfectionist : adj. philan- 
thropic. 

humanity ('i-ti), n. [pi. humanities 
(-tiz)], mankind; the state or qual- 
ity of being human or humane ; phi- 
lanthropy ; kindness ; benevolence r 
pi. classical learning and literature. 

humankind (-kind), n. human spe- 
cies. 

humanly (-li), adv. after the man- 
ner of men. 

humble (hum'bl), adj. ha.ving a low 
estimate of one's self ; modest ; 
meek ; submissive ; lowly ; mean ; ob- 
scure : v.t. to make submissive ; sub- 
due ; bring low ; mortify ; humiliate. 

humble-bee (-be), n. a bumble-bee. 

humble-pie (-pi), n. a pie made of 
the humbles, or entrails, of a deer. 

humbles ('biz), n.pl. entrails, es- 
pecially of a deer. 

humboldtine ('bol-tin), n. a yellow- 
ish crystalline mineral ; natural fer- 
rous oxalate. 

humbug ('bug), n. a fraud or impo- 
sition under fair pretenses ; sham ; a 
plausible deceiver ; a spirit of trick- 
ery or deception : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
humbugged, p.pr. humbugging], to 
cheat or impose upon ; hoax. 

humbugger (-er), n. one who hum- 
bugs. 

humbuggery (-i), n. [pi. humbug- 
ger ies (-iz)], imposition. 

humdrum ( 'drum ) , adj. dull ; mo- 
notonous ; commonplace. 

humeral (hti'mer-al), adj. pertaining 
to the shoulder. 

humero, a prefix meaning shoulder. 

humerus ('mer-us), n. [pi. humeri 

(-ri)], the arm from the shoulder to 
the fore-arm ; the cylindrical bone of 
that part. 

humhum (hum'hum), n. a coarse In- 
dian cotton cloth. 

humid (hu'mid), adj. damp; moist. 

humidity ('i-ti), n. dampness; mois- 
ture. 

humiliate (-mil'i-at), v.t. to hum- 
ble ; abase. 

humiliation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
humiliating ; the state of being hu- 
miliated ; mortification ; abasement. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



lium 



425 



linr 



humility (-mil'i-ti), n. [pi. humili- 
ties (-tiz)], the state or quality of 
being humble ; modesty ; self-abase- 
ment. 

liumite (hu'mit), n. a variety of 
chrondrodite. 

hmuxuing-bird ('ing-berd), n. a 
very small bird of the family Tro- 
chilidae, with brilliant metallic plu- 
mage. 

Iiuiniuock ('ok), n. a large mass of 
floating ice ; a hillock or mound. 

liuinor (hu' or u'mer), n. wit; merri- 
j ment ; the tendency to look at things 

from the mirthful or incongruous 
side ; caprice ; proud conceit ; tem- 
per ; petulance ; peevishness ; mois- 
ture of the body and eye ; disease : 
v.t. to indulge ; yield to a particular 
desire of. 

lininorist (-ist), n. one who gratifies 
his own humor ; a droll person ; one 
whose writing or conversation is 
characterized by humor. 

Immorous ( -us ) , adj. full of, or char- 
acterized by, humor ; comical ; di- 
verting. 

Immorsoiue (-sum), adj. character- 
ized by humor ; laughable ; capri- 
cious. 

linnip (hump), n. a protuberance on 
the back : v.t. to vex or annoy ; ex- 
ert (one's self). 

Ixumpty-dumpty ('ti-dump'ti), adj. 
characterized by short limbs and a 
round body. 

Imznulin (hti'mu-lin), n. the bitter 
narcotic principle in hops. 

Immulus (-lus), n. a genus of twin- 
ing plants, containing the hops. 

Iiumus C'mus), n. vegetable mold. 

Hun (hun), n. one of an ancient Tar- 
tar race, which in the 5th century, 
A. D., overran and devasted Europe. 

huncli (huch), n. sl hump; lump; a 
thrust with the fist or elbow : v.t. to 
push with the fist or elbow ; push 
with a sudden jerk. 

hundred (hun'dred), adj. 10 times 
10 : n. the number of 10 times 10 ; 
the symbol (C. or 100) denoting it; 
a division of an English county. 

hundredtli ('dredth), adj. the ordi- 
nal of 100 : n. one of 100 equal 
parts. 



hundrediveiglit ('dred-wat), n. the 
l-20th part of a ton. 

hung, p.t. of hang. 

Hungarian ( hung-ga'ri-an ) , adj. per- 
taining to Hungary, its inhabitants, 
or language. 

hunger (hung'ger), n. keenness of 
appetite ; pain or uneasiness caused 
by want of food ; strong desire : v.i. 
to feel the pain of hunger ; to have 
a longing or earnest desire. 

hungrily ('gri-ii), adj. in a hungry 
manner. 

hungry ('gri), adj. [comp. hungrier, 
superl. hungriest], having a keen 
appetite ; feeling pain or uneasiness 
for want of food ; emaciated ; eager- 
ly desirous ; unfertile : said of land. 

hunk (hungk), n. a lump or large 
piece. 

hunky ('i), adj. well done; in good 
trim. 

hunt (hunt), v.t. to pursue, or chase, 
as game or wild animals ; follow 
closely ; search after : v.i. to follow 
the chase : n. pursuit of game or 
v/ild animals ; pack of hounds ; an 
association of huntsmen ; district 
hunted over by hounds ; a search. 

hunter ('er), n. a huntsman; a horse 
or hound trained for hunting ; a 
hunting-watch. 

hunting (hunt'ing), n. the act or 
practice of one who hunts ; pursuit ; 
search. 

hunting-box (-boks), n. a tempo- 
rary residence while hunting. 

hunting-ivatch (woch), n. a watch 
having its face protected with a 
metal cover. 

huntress ('res), n. a female hunter. 

huntsman ('z-man), n. [pi. hunts- 
men ('men)], a hunter; one who 
has the management of a pack of 
hounds. 

hurdle (her'dl), n. a movable fence 
of osiers or branches ; a fence to be 
leaped over in steeplechasing ; a 
rude frame on which criminals were 
formerly dragged to execution : v.t. 
to cover or inclose with hurdles. 

hurdy-gurdy ('di-ger'di), n. a 
stringed instrument somewhat re- 
sembling a violin, played by a wheel ; 
a barrel organ ; a miner's camp. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



liur 



426 



hyb 



hurl (herl), v.t. to throw with vio- 
lence ; drive forcibly ; utter with ve- 
hemence : n. the act of throwing. 

hurly-burly (her'li-ber'ii), n. tu- 
mult ; great commotion. 

hurrah (hoo-ra'), inter j. a shout of 
joy, triumph, applause, &c, : v.i. to 
utter such a shout in applause, &c. 
Also hurra. 

hurricane (hur'i-kan), n. a gale of 
extreme violence characterized by 
fitful changes of the wind. 

hurricane-deck (-dek), n. the 
bridge-deck of a steamship ; the up- 
per deck of a river steamer. 

hurried ('id), p.adj. exhibiting, or 
characterized by, haste ; hasty. 

hurry ('i), v.t. [p.t. &, p.p. hurried, 
p.pr. hurrying], to impel to greater 
speed ; hasten on ; accelerate : v.i. to 
act or move with haste : n. haste ; 
urgency : precipitation ; confusion ; a 
coaling stage for loading vessels. 

hurry-scurry (-skur'i), n. confused 
bustle. 

hurt (hert), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. hurt, 
p.pr. hurting], to cause or inflict 
pain in ; wound ; grieve ; injure ; im- 
pair or damage : n. a wound ; in- 
jury ; damage or loss. 

hurtful ('fool), adj. injurious ; harm- 
ful. 

hurtfully (-li), adv. so as to hurt. 

hurtle (hert'l), v.t. to move violent- 
ly ; impel forcibly : v.i. to clash ; 
dash in collision. 

hurtleberry, same as whortleberry. 

husband (huz'band), n. a married 
man : v.t. to manage or use with 
economy. 

husbandman (-man), n. [pi. hus- 
bandmen (-men)], a tiller of the 
soil ; farmer. 

husbandry (-ri), n. agriculture; fru- 
gality. 

hush (hush), inter j. be still! silence! 
adj. quiet ; silent : n. quietness ; si- 
lence : v.t. to make silent ; soothe. 

husk (husk), n. the dry outer cover- 
ing of certain fruits or seeds : v.t. 
to remove husks from. 

huskily ('ki-li), adj. hoarsely. 

huskiness ('ki-nes), n. the state of 
being husky. 

husking-bee ('ing-be), n. a social 



gathering to assist in husking corn. 

husky ('ki), adj. [comp. huskier, 
superl. huskiest], consisting of, or 
like, husks ; worthless ; rough or 
hoarse : said of the voice : n. an 
American Indian sledge-dog. 

hussar (huz-ar'), n. a light-armed 
cavalry soldier. 

hussy (huz'i), n. [pi. hussies ('iz)], 
a fast girl ; worthless woman. 

hustings (hust'ings), n.pl. a court 
held in the Guildhall before the Lord 
Mayor, Recorder and sheriffs of 
London ; formerly the stand from 
which Parliamentary candidates, 
when nominated, addressed the elec- 

• tors. 

hustle (hus'l), v.t. to push roughly; 
jostle ; mob ; shake together in con- 
fusion : v.i. exhibit energy and alac- 
rity. 

hut (hut), n. a small house or cabm ; 
a temporary erection for lodging 
troops. 

hutch (huch), n. a bin, box, or chest ; 
a coop or pen ; a mining trough for 
washing ore : v.t. to store ; to wash 
(ore) in a hutch. 

huzzah, same as hurrah. 

hyacinth (hi'a-sinth), n. a handsome 
bulbous flowering plant of the genus 
Hyacinthus ; a variety of zircon, 
used as a jewel. 

hyacinthine ('in) , a<Z/. pertaining to 
the hyacinth ; like Hyacinthus, the 
handsome youth killed by Apollo and 
transformed into the hyacinth : 
hence handsome ; beautiful. 

Hyades ('a-dez), n.pl. the five stars 
in the face of tho constellation Tau- 
rus, supposed by the ancients to 
bring rain when they rose with the 
sun. Also Hyads. 

hy^na (hi-e'na), n. same as hyena. 

hyal, a prefix meaning glass, as hyal- 
ine, like glass : also hyalo : Jiyalo- 
graphy, the art of writing or en- 
graving upon glass. 

hyaline (hi'a-lin), adj. glassy; trans- 
parent. 

hybrid (hi'brid), n. a mongrel; an 
animal or plant produced by inter- 
breeding different species or varie- 
ties ; a compound word the elements 
of which are derived from different 
languages. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, //^en. 



byb 



427 



hyd 



bybridize (-iz), v.t. to cause to in- 
terbreed and thus produce hybrids. 

bydatoid ('da-toid), adj. watery: n. 
the membrane around the aqueous 
humor of the eye ; the aqueous hu- 
mor itself. 

liydr, a prefix meaning water, also 
the presence of hydrogen. Also 
hydro, as hydro^cid, an acid contain- 
ing hydrogen but no oxygen ; hydro- 
pathy, the cure of disease by water 
treatment, externally or internally. 

Hydra (hi'dra), n. in classical my- 
thology, the water serpent with nine 
heads slain by Hercules ; each of 
these on being cut off became two : 
. hence any evil which, when grappled 
with, appears to intensify ; a genus 
of fresh-water polyps which multi- 
ply on division. 

liydracid, see under hydr. 

Hydrangea (-dran'je-a), n. a genus 
of shrubs of the saxifrage family 
with showy flowers. 

liydrant ('drant), n. a plug with a 
valve connected with a water main 
for extinguishing fires. 

liydrate ('drat), n. a chemical com- 
pound containing a definite quantity 
of water : v.t. to combine with water 
to form a hydrate. 

hydraulic (-draw'lik), adj. pertain- 
ing to fluids in motion : n.pl. the 
science of liquids in motion and the 
application of the forces -which in- 
fluence the motions of water for 
practical purposes, as raising water, 
&c. 

liydric ('drik), adj. pertaining to, or 
containing, hydrogen in combina- 
tion ; pertaining to water. 

Hydride ( 'drid ) , n. a. chemical com- 
bination of hydrogen with another 
element. 

tydriodic (-dri-od'ik), adj. composed 
of hydrogen and iodine. 

hydro, see hydr. 

hydrocarbons (-kar'bonz), n.pl. a 

general name for bitumens, mineral 

resins, and fats which are composed 

of hydrogen and carbon. 

. hydrocele ('dro-sel), n. dropsy of the 

i scrotum. 

^ hydrocephalus (-sef a-lus) , n. dropsy 
of the brain. 



hydrochlorate (-klo'rat), n. a salt 
of hydrochloric acid. 

hydrochloric ('rik), adj. composed 
of hydrogen and chlorine. 

hydrocyanic (-si-an'ik), adj. com- 
posed of hydrogen and cyanogen. 

hydrocyanic acid (as'id), n. prus- 
sic acid. 

hydrodynami c (-di-nam'ik), adj. 
pertaining to, or derived from, the 
pressure of water : n.pl. the science 
that treats of water pressure. 

hydrofluoric (-flu-or'ik), adj. com- 
posed of hydrogen and fluorine; 

hydrofluoric acid (as'id), n. a vola- 
tile fuming acid used in etching 
glass. 

hydrogen ('dro-jen), n. a colorless, 
gaseous, inflammable substance, 
which liquefies under great pressure, 
and is the lightest element yet 
known : when combined with oxygen 
it produces water. Hydrogen is the 
standard unit for the estimation of 
atomic weights and volumes. 

hydrography (-drog'ra-fi), w. the art 
of measuring and mapping the water 
surface of the earth, as oceans, lakes, 
coast-lines, &c., with relative data as 
to their depth, tides, beds, &c. 

hydrokinetics (-dro-ki-net'iks), n.pl. 
that branch of physics which treats 
of fluids in motion. 

hydrology (-drol'o-ji), n. the science 
of water, its property, laws, phe- 
nomena, &c. 

hydrometer (-drom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for determining the specific 
gravity, strength, &c., of fluids. 

hydropathy, see under hydr. 

hydrophane ('dro-fan), n. an opaque 
variety of opal which when wet be- 
comes translucent. 

hydrophobia (-fo'bi-a), n. a disease 
caused by the virus from the saliva 
of a mad dog accompanied by con- 
vulsions and unnatural dread of 
water. 

hydrophyte ('dro-fit), n. a water- 
plant. 

hydroplane ('dro-plan), n. an at- 
tachment to a boat, lessening fric- 
tion, causing it to glide when 
speeded. 

hydrostat ('dro-stat), n. an appara- 
tus for the prevention of boiler ex- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



hyd 



428 



plosions ; an electrical contrivance 
for indicating the leakage or over- 
flow of water. 

hydrostatic (-stat'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to hydrostatics : n.pl. that branch 
of physics that treats of the pres- 
sure and equilibrium of fluids. 

hydrotherapy (-ther'a-pi), n. treat- 
ment of disease by water ; water- 
cure. 

hydrothermal (-ther'mal), adj. per- 
taining to the action of hot water. 

hyena (-hi-e'na), n. a bristly-maned 
wolf-like carnivorous quadruped. 

hyetal ('et-al), adj. pertaining to 
rain, or rainfall. 

hyetograph (-o-graf), n. a chart 
showing the rainfall over various 
areas. 

hyetology (-ol'o-ji), n. that branch 
of meteorology treating of rainfall, 
its distribution, representation on 
charts, &c. 

Hygeian (-je'an), adj. pertaining to 
Plygeia, the goddess of health. 

hygeian, adj. pertaining to health, or 
hygiene. 

hygiene ('jen), n. the science of 
health, its preservation, and the law^s 
of sanitation. 

hygienic (-ji-en'ik), adj. pertaining 
to hygiene. 

hygiology (-ji-ol'o-ji), n. the science 
of hygiene ; a treatise on hygiene. 

hygro, a prefix meaning moist, wet, 
as hygrometer, an instrument for 
measuring the amount of moisture 
contained in the atmosphere. 

hygrometer (hi-grom'e-ter), see un- 
der hygro. 

hygrometry (-grom'e-tri), n. that 
branch of physics that treats of the 
moisture of the atmosphere. 

hygroscope ('gro-skop), n. an appa- 
ratus for indicating atmospheric 
moisture. 

hymen ('men), n. marriage, from Hy- 
men, the Grecian god of marriage ; 
the virginal membrane. 

hy^ueneal (-e'al), p.adj. pertaining 
to marriage ; nuptial. 

hymn (him), n. a sacred ode expres- 
sive of praise or adoration: v.t. to 
sing hymns to ; adore or praise by 
hymns. 



hyp 



of 



hymnal ('nal), «. a collection 
hymns for public worship. 

hymnology (-nol'o-ji), n. the study 
of hymns, their origin, use, lore, &c. 

hyoid (hi'oid), adj. shaped like the 
Greek letter T, v : n. a U-shaped 
bone supporting the tongue. 

hyp, see hypo. 

hyper, a prefi^x meaning over, heyond, 
excess, and in chemistry highest. 

hyperbola (-per'bo-la), n. a curve 
formed by the section of a cone when 
the cutting plane makes a greater 
angle with the base than the side of 
the cone makes. _ 

hyperbole ('bo-le), n. a figure of 
speech which expresses more or less, 
than the truth. 

hyperbolic (-bol'ik), adj. pertaining 
to or containing, hyperbole ; exag- 
gerated ; pertaining to, or of the 
nature of, a hyperbola. 

hyperborean (-bo're-an) , adj. arctic. 

hyperdulia (-doo'li-a), n. veneration 
of the Virgin Mary. 

hyphen (hi'fen), n. a mark (-) join- 
ing two words or syllables : v.t. to 
join by such a mark. 

hypno, a prefix meaning sleep, as 
hypnosis, a hypnotic state or trance. 

hypnosis (hip-no'sis), see hypno. 

hypnotic (hip-not'ik) , adj. pertaining 
to, or producing hypnotism. 

hypnotize ('no-tiz), v.t. to produce, 
or subject to, hypnotism. 

hypnotism ('no-tizm), n. a method 
of inducing a trance-like sleep : a 
method of medical treatment by hyp- 
notism. 

hypo, hyp, a prefix meaning under; 
heneath. 

hypoblast (hi'po-blast), n. the under 
layer of the blastoderm. 

hypochondria (hip-o-kon'dri-a), n. a 
disease attended with extreme mel- 
ancholy, and anxiety respecting one's 
state of health. Also hypochondri- 
asis. 

hypochondriac ('dri-ak), n. one 
who is affected with hypochondria : 
adj. pertaining to, or affected with, 
hypochondria. 

hypocrisy (-ok'ri-si), n. a feigning to 
be what one is not ; dissimulation ; 
false profession. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



hyp 



429 



bys 



hypocrite ('o-krit), n. one who prac- 
tices hypocrisy ; a dissimulator. 

Itypodermic (hi-po-der'mik), adj. in- 
serted under the skin ; n. a medicine 
thus injected. 

hypogastric (hi-po-gas'trik), adj. 
pertaining to the hypogastrium. 

hypogastrium ('tri-um), n. [pi. 
hypogastria (-a)], the middle part 
of the lower region of the abdomen. 

hypostyle ('o-stil), n. a roof sup- 
ported by columns ; a covered colon- 
nade ; pillared hall or court. 

hypotenuse (-pot'e-nus), n. the side 
of a right-angled triangle opposite 
the right angle. Also hypothenuse. 

hypothesis (-poth'e-sis), n. [pi. hy- 
potheses (-sez) ], something assumed 
for the purpose of argument ; a the- 
ory to explain some fact which may 
or may not prove to be true ; suppo- 
sition ; conjecture. 

hypothetic (-po-thet'ik), adj. based 
on hypothesis ; conjectural. Also 
hypothetical. 

hypothetically (-§.l-li), adv. by hy- 
pothesis. 

hypsi, a prefix meaning high, excep- 
tionally high, as ft,?/psibrachycephal- 



ic : adj. having a high broad skull, as 
certain races. Also hypso. 

hypsometer (hip-som'e-ter), n. an 
instrument for measuring altitudes 
by atmospheric pressure. 

hypsometry ('e-tri), n. the art of de- 
termining altitudes by atmospheric 
pressure. 

hyrax (hi'raks), n. a small hare-like 
mammal, the coney of the Bible. 

hyssop (his'up), n. an aromatic plant 
with blue flowers ; an unidentified 
plant mentioned in the Bible. 

hysteria (his-te'ri-a), n. a nervous 
affection of women characterized by 
choking sensations, paroxysms of 
laughter or weeping, and frequently 
simulating other diseases. 

hysterical (-ter'i-kal), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or affected by, hysterics ; vio- 
lently emotional. 

hysterically (-li), adv. in a hysteric- 
al manner. 

hysterics (his-ter'iks), w.pZ. hysteria. 

hy steroid ('oid), adj. resembling 
hysteria, 

hysterotomy (-ot'o-mi), n. the oper- 
ation of cutting out, or into, the 
womb. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 




S (I), pron. [pi. we (we)], nom. case, 
sing, of the pronoun of the 1st per- 
son ; the word by which the speaker 
or writer denotes himself : n. in 
metaphysics, the object of conscious- 
ness ; the ego. 

iambic (i-am'bik), adj. consisting of, 
or employing, iambics : n. an iam- 
bus, a satirical poem in iambic verse. 

iambus ('bus), n. a metrical foot 
consisting of two syllables, of which 
the first is short and the second is 
long (*> I ), or, in accentual versi- 
fication, a foot of two syllables, in 
which the stress accent falls on the 
second syllable. 

ibex ('beks), n. a genus of wild goats, 
having very large recurved horns, 
the best known species of which is 
the Alpine steinbok or bouquetin. 

ibis ('bis), n. a genus of large wad- 
ing birds, having a long, curved 
beak, of which the most notable spe- 
cies is the sacred Ibis of the ancient 
Egyptians. 

ice (is), n. frozen water or other 
fluid; a frozen confection, as ice- 
cream : v.t. to convert into ice ; 
freeze ; preserve in ice, cover with 
concreted sugar ; frost. 

ice age (aj), n. the glacial epoch. 

iceberg ('berg), n. a large mass of 
ice detached from a glacier, and 
floating in the sea. 

ice boat (bot), n. a strong steam 
boat used to break a channel through 
ice : a boat mounted on runners and 
propelled by sails on ice. 

ice-field ('feld), n. an extensive sheet 
of floating ice. 

ice-floe ('flo), n. a smaller sheet of 
floating ice. 



ice-pack ('pak), n. sl field of broken 
and drifting ice, consisting of great 
masses packed together. 

ichneumon (ik-nu'mun), n. an ani- 
mal of the weasel kind, found in 
Egypt, where it was anciently wor- 
shipped ; it tracks out and devours 
the eggs of the crocodile. 

icbneumon-fly (-fli), n. an insect 
which lays its eggs in the bodies or 
other insects. 

icbnolite ('no-lit), n. a stone im- 
pressed with a fossil footprint. 

ichnology (-nol'o-ji), n. that branch 
of science which treats of fossil foot- 
prints. 

icbor (I'kor), n. in classical mythol- 
ogy, the ethereal fluid which ran, in- 
stead of blood, in the veins of the 
gods; a thin, watery, acrid serum 
from an ulcer or wound. 

ichtbyic (ik'thi-ik), adj. fish-like. 

ichtbyo, a prefix meaning a fish, as 
ichthy oUte, a fossil fish ; the impres- 
sion of a fossil fish. Also ichthy. 

iditbyograpby (ik-thi-og'ri-fi), n. a 
treatise on fishes. 

icbthyolite, see under ichthyo. 

ichthyology (-ol'o-ji) , n. that branch 
of zoology which treats of fishes, 
their structure, classification, &c. 

Ichthyosaurus (-saw'rus), n. a 
genus of huge fossil fish-lizards. 

ichthyosis (-o'sis), n. a disease in 
which the skin presents the form of 
hard dry scales and plates. 

icicle (I'si-kl), n. a pendent cone of 
ice formed by the freezing of drip- 
ping water. 

icily ('si-li), adv. in an icy manner,* 
coldly. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



430 




i^^^ 

•^^w 




.A 




\ 



I 



/ H 






1. Belgian work horse. 



2. Shetland pony. 
(Clydesdale). 



3. Scotch work horse 



431 



idi 



iciness ('si-nes), n. the state of being 
icy ; coldness. 

icing ('sing), n. a coating of concrete 
sugar. 

icon (i'kon), n. [pi. icons ('konz), 
icones ('kon-ez)j, in the Greek 
Church, a sacred image or picture. 
Also eikon, ikon. 

icono, a prefix meaning image, as 
iconoclasm, image breaking. 

iconoclsLst (i-kon'o-klast), n. an im- 
age breaker ; one who attacks super- 
stitions or shams. 

icos, a nrefix meaning twenty, as icos- 
ahedral, having twenty plane faces. 

icosahedron (-kos-a-he'dron), n. a 
solid bounded by twenty plane faces, 

ictus (ik'tus), n. a blow or stroke ; iu 
prosody and music, rhythmical or 
metrical accent or stress. 

icy (i'si), adj. [conip. icier, superl. 
iciest], pertaining to, or resembling, 
or abounding in, ice ; cold ; chilling ; 
indifferent. 

idea (-de'a), n. a mental image or 
picture ; a conception of what ought 
to be ; an abstract principle ; opin- 
ion ; belief ; plan. 

ideal (-de'al), adj. existing in imagi- 
nation only ; visionary ; conforming 
to a standard of perfection ; per- 
fect : n. a mental conception, or an 
individual regarded as the standard 
of perfection. 

idealize (-iz), v.t. to make ideal; 
embody in an ideal form ; represent 
(natural objects) so as to show 
their most important characteristics 
only : v.i. to form ideals. 

idealism (-izm), n. in art, the effort 
to realize, by elimination and com- 
bination, the highest type of any 
natural object ; the doctrine that all 
our knowledge of objects is a knowl- 
edge of ideas. 

idealist (-ist), n. one who pursues 
the ideal ; one who holds the doc- 
trine of idealism ; a visionary. 

idealistic (-is'tik), adj. pertaining 
to an ideal ; relating to idealism or 
idealists. 

ideality ('i-ti), n. the quality of be- 
ing ideal ; the faculty to form ideals. 

ideally (-li), adv. according to an 
ideal ; mentally. 



identical (I-den'tik-al), adj. express- 
ing sameness ; differing in no essen- 
tial point. 

identically (-li), adv. in an identi- 
cal manner. 

identical note (not), n. a note in 
terms agreed upon by two or more 
powers, intended to influence anoth- 
er power. 

identifiable ( -ti-f i'a-bl ) , adj. that 
may be identified. 

identify (-den'ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
identified, p.pr. identifying], to 
make, prove to be, or consider as, 
the same. 

identity ('ti-ti), n. essential or prac- 
tical sameness. 

ideograph, (id'e-o-graf), n. a sym- 
bol, figure, or hieroglyph, not nam- 
ing but suggesting the idea of an 
object. Also ideogram. 

ideographic ('ik), adj. representing 
ideas by symbols independently of 
sounds. Also ideographical. 

ideography (e-og'ra-fi), n. the direct 
representation of ideas by symbols. 

ideologist (i-de-ol'o-jist), n. one oc- 
cupied with ideas or ideals ; a theo- 
rist. 

ideology ('o-ji), n. the science of 
ideas ; the system of philosophy 
which derives ideas exclusively from 
sensation. 

ideomotion (-o-mo'shun), n. uncon- 
scious muscular motion arising from 
a dominant idea. 

ides (idz), n.pl. in the ancient Roman 
calendar, the eighth day after the 
nones — the 15th of March, May, 
July, October, and the 13th of the 
other months. 

idio, a prefix meaning one^s own, pe- 
culiar, as idiogra-gh, a private or 
trade mark. 

idiocy (id'i-o-si), n. the state of be- 
ing an idiot ; mental imbecility. Also 
idiotcy. 

idiograph, see under idio. 

idiom ('i-um) , n. a turn of expression 

. peculiar to a language ; the distinc- 
tive characteristics of a language. 

idiomatic (-o-mat'ik), adj. peculiar 
to a language ; given to, or marked 
by, the use of idioms. Also idio- 
matical. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



idi 



4S^ 



ign 



idiomatically (-al-li), adv. accord- 
ing to the idiom. 

idiopathic (-o-path'ik), adj. charac- 
terizing a disease not produced by 
another. 

idiopathy (-op'a-thi), n. an individ- 
ual or personal affection ; a primary 
disease not arising from another. 

idiosyncrasy (-i-o-sin'kra-si), w. [pi. 
idiosyncrasies (-siz)], peculiarity of 
constitution or temperament) a 
characteristic peculiar to an indi- 
vidual. 

idiot Ci-ot), n. one of weak intellect ; 
a foolish person. 

idiotic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
like, an idiot; foolish, fatuous. Also 
idiotical. 

idiotically (-al-li), adv. in an idiotic 
manner. 

idle (I'dl), adj. empty; unoccupied; 
unemployed ; unused ; useless ; vain ; 
of no importance ; irrelevant ; averse 
to labor ; futile ; lazy : v.i. to be in- 
active or v^ithout employment : v.t. 
to spend in idleness; waste (time) : 
usuallj- with away. 

idler (i'dler), n. one who id^es ; a lazy 
person ; one who has constant day 
duty on board ship, and does not 
keep night watch. 

idle- wheel ('hwel), n. a wheel 
placed between two others to trans- 
fer motion without change of direc- 
tion. 

idol ( i-dol ) , M. an image of a divinity, 
employed as an object of worship ; a 
person or thing loved to excess. 

idolater ('a-ter), n. an idol-wor- 
shipper ; one who pays divine honors 
to images, &c. ; one who loves a per- 
son or thing to excess. 

idolatress ('a-tres), n. a female 
idolater. 

idolatrous ('a-trus), adj. pertaining 
to, or practicing, idolatry ; marked 
by undue reverence or affection. 

idolatry ('a-tri), n. [pi. idolatries 
(-triz)], the paying of Divine hon- 
ors to idols, images, or any created 
object ; the ascription of Divine pow- 
er to natural agencies ; excessive ad- 
miration, veneration, or love for any 
person or thing. 

idolize (-Iz), v.t. to make an idol of; 
love or admire to excess. 



idyl (i'dil),w. a short, highly-wrought 
pastoral poem ; applied also to de- 
scriptive and narrative poems of 
greater length ; a description of sim- 
ple, rural, pastoral scenes. Also idyll. 

idylist (i'dil-ist), n. a pastoral poet, 
or painter. 

idyllic ( 'ik ) , adj. pertaining to, or of 
the nature of an idyl ; pastoral. 

if (if), conj. on the condition; sup- 
posing that ; whether ; although. 

igneous ('ne-us), adj. pertaining to, 
consisting of, or resembling fire, or 
produced by fire. 

ignis fatuus ('nis fat'u-us), n. a me- 
teoric light seen to flit above the 
ground in marshy places, &c. ; a mis- 
leading influence. Popularly known 
as Will-o'-the-wisp, J ack-o' -Lantern^ 
Corpse-candle. 

ignite ('nit), v.t. to set on fire; to 
make incandescent with heat ; sub- 
ject to the action of intense heat : 
v.i. to take fire ; glow with heat. 

igniter ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, ignites ; a time exploder for 
igniting the powder of a torpedo. 

ignitible (ig-ni'ti-bl), adj. capable of 
being ignited ; easily kindled. 

ignition (-nish'un), n. the act of ig- 
niting ; the state of being ignited. 

ignoble (-no'bl), adj. of low birth or 
station ; of mean character or qual- 
ity ; of little value ; characterizing a 
short-winged hawk, as distinguished 
from a long-winged falcon. 

ignobleness ('bl-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being ignoble ; absence of 
dignity. 

ignobly ('bli), adv. in an ignoble 
manner ; basely. 

ignominious (-no-min'i-us), adj. 
marked with ignominy or public dis- 
grace ; shameful ; deserving disgrace ; 
despicable. 

ignominy (ig'no-min-i), n. [pi. igno- 
minies (-iz)], loss of one's good 
name ; public disgrace or dishonor ; 
cause or source of disgrace. 

ignoramus (-ra'mus), n. an ignorant 
person, especially an ignorant pre- 
tender to knowledge. 

ignorance (-rans), n. the state of be- 
ing ignorant ; want of knowledge. 

ignorant (-rant), adj. destitute of 
knowledge ; uninstructed ; illiterate. 



ftte, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrtK, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, th&a.. 



fgn 



433 



ill 



ignore (-nor'), v.t. to be ignorant 
of ; treat as unknown ; disregard ; 
throw out as false or unsupported 
by sufficient evidence : said of a 
grand jury rejecting a bill. 

iguana (i-gwa'na), n. a large trop- 
ical American lizard, having a dew- 
lap under the throat. 

il, a prefix, another form of in when 
followed by I, meaning not, as *nit- 
erate, uneducated. 

ileum (il'e-um), n. the lower part of 
the small intestine. 

Ilex (i'leks), n. a genus of evergreen 
trees and shrubs represented by the 
holly. 

iliac (il'i-ak), adj. pertaining to the 
ileum, or to the ilium, or flank bone. 

ilium (il'i-um), n. the dorsal or up- 
per part of the hip-bone. 

ill (il), adj. [comp. worse, superl. 
worst], bad or evil; contrary to 
good ; causing or attended by evil or 
suffering in a bad or disordered state 
physically or morally ; sick ; dis- 
eased ; unfriendly ; not proper ; un- 
skilful ; vicious : n. evil ; wickedness ; 
misfortune ; disease ; anything dis- 
creditable ; harm ; mischief : adv. not 
well ; not easily. 

illapse (-laps'), n. a gliding in or 
into, especially a divine influx ; in- 
spiration. 

illation (-la'shun), n. an inference, 
deduction, or conclusion. 

illicit (-lis'it), adj. not authorized or 
allowed ; unlicensed ; unlawful. 

lUicium ( 'i-um ) , ?^. a genus of shrubs 
of the magnolia family, containing 
the Japanese incense plant. 

illimitable (-lim'it-a-bl), adj. im- 
measurable ; vast ; infinite. 

illimitableness (-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being illimitable. 

inimitably (-bli), adv. without pos- 
sibility of being bounded. 

illision (-lizh'un), n. the act of strik- 
ing into or against. 

illiteracy (-lit'er-a-si), n. ignorance 
of letters. 

illness ('nes), n. the condition of be- 
ing ill ; disease ; sickness. 

illude (-Itid'), v.t. to mock; deceive; 
delude. 

illuminant (-lum'i-nant), adj. per- 



taining to illumination : n. anything 
which illuminates or affords light. 

illuminate ('i-nat), v.t. to give light 
to ; decorate with lights, in token of 
rejoicing ; enlighten ; throw light 
upon ; make plain ; elucidate ; adorn, 
as a manuscript, with miniature pic- 
tures in colors and gold : v.i. to dis- 
play lights in token of rejoicing., 

illumination (-na'shun), 71. supply 
of light; the act of illuminating, or 
state of being illuminated, especially 
the festive decoration of houses or 
cities with lights : the art of illumin- 
ing books or manuscripts ; a design 
in an illuminated work ; intellectual 
bght; inspiration. 

illuminator ('mi-na-ter), n. one 
M^ho, or that which, gives light ; one 
who illuminates books, manuscripts, 
&c. ; a condenser or reflector ; an il- 
luminant. 

illumine ('min), v.t. to illuminate 
[Poet.]. 

illusion ('zhun), n. deceptive ap- 
pearance ; false show ; hallucination. 

illusionist (-ist), n. one subject to 
illusion ; a sleight-of-hand performer. 

illusive Csiv), adj. deceiving by il- 
lusion ; deceptive ; illusory. 

illusively (-li), adv. in an illusive 
manner. 

illusiveness (-nes), n. deception; 
false show. 

illusory ('so-ri), adj. causing illu- 
sion ; fallacious ; deceptive. 

illustrate (-us'trat), v.t. to make 
clear or intelligible ; explain by ex- 
amples ; elucidate by means of pic- 
tures, &c. 

illustrated y-ed) , p.adj. having illus- 
trations. 

illustration (-tra'shun), n. the act 
of illustrating ; the state of being 
illustrated; that which illustrates; 
a comparison ot example which ex- 
plains or corroborates ; a picture 
designed to elucidate the text. 

illustrative ('tra-tiv), adj. tending 
to illustrate, elucidate, or exemplify. 

illustratively (-li), adv. by way of 
illustration. 

illustrator ('us-tra-ter), n. one who 
illustrates ; one who exemplifies 
something in his own person ; one 
who draws pictorial representations. 



ate, arm, ^sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ill 



434 



illustrious ('tri-us), adj. distin- 
guished by luster or greatness ; emi- 
nent ; renowned ; conferring luster 
or honor ; glorious ; famous ; hon- 
ored. 
im, a prefix representing in when fol- 
lowed by 6, m, or p. 
image (im'aj), n. an imitation of any 
person or thing; a statue, effigy, or 
bust ; an idol ; a counterpart ; like- 
ness ; a mental picture, conception, 
or idea ; an extended metaphor ; the 
figure of an object formed by rays 
of light : v.t. to form, or reflect, an 
image of; represent to the mental 
vision ; imagine. 
imaged ('ajd), adj. decorated with 

human figures, as porcelain. 
imagery ('aj-ri), n. [pi. imageries 
(-riz)], representation by images; 
images collectively ; figures in dis- 
course ; forms of the fancy. 
imaginable (-aj'i-na-bl), adj. that 

may be imagined or conceived. 
imagiuableuess (-nes), n. the state 

of beiag imaginable. 
imaginably (-bli), adv. in a con- 
ceivable manner ; possibly. 
imaginary ('i-nji-ri), adj. existing 
only in imagination ; unreal ; Uto- 
pian. 
imagination (-na'shun), n. the im- 
age-forming power of the mind, or 
the power of the mind which modi- 
fies the conceptions, especially the 
higher forms of this power exercised 
in art and poetry, usually termed 
the plastic or creative power ; a con- 
ception or idea ; fanciful opinion ; 
fancy ; invention. 
imaginative ('i-na-tiv), adj. pro- 
ceeding from, exhibiting, or en- 
dowed with, imagination ; inventive ; 
fanciful. 
imaginatively (-li), adv. in an im- 
aginative manner. 
imaginativeness (-nes), n. the 

quality of being imaginative. 
imagine (-aj'in), v.t. to form a men- 
tal picture of; produce by the im- 
agination ; conceive ; conjecture ; 
think ; suppose : v.i. to form a men- 
tal image; fancy; to surmise. 
imbecile (im'be-sil), adj. without 
strength, especially of mind ; feeble- 



imm 



one of feeble 



minded ; idiotic : 
mind. 
imbecility (-sil'i-ti), n. [pi. imbe- 
cilities (-tiz)], mental or physical 
weakness. 
imbibe ('bib), v.t. to drink in; ab- 
sorb, as if by drinking ; receive or 
absorb into the mind : v.i. to drink ; 
absorb moisture. 
imbricate ('bri-kat), v.t. to lay in 
order, one lapping over another, like 
tiles or shingles : v.i. to overlap seri- 
ally : adj. bent and hollowed like a 
gutter tile or pantile ; overlapping 
like tiles, as the scales of fishes, or 
the leaf-buds of plants ; decorated 
with a pattern resembling lapping 
tiles or scales. 

imbroglio (-bro'lyo), n. a confused 
mass of things ; intricate and per* 
plexing state of affairs ; misunder- 
standing ; entanglement ; strife ; per- 
plexity ; complicated plot. 

imbrue ('broo), v.t. to wet or mois- 
ten ; soak ; drench, especially in 
blood. 

imbue ('bti), v.t. to cause to absorb; 
tinge deeply ; dye ; to tincture deep- 
ly, as the mind with certain princi- 
ples. 

imitable ('i-ta-bl), adj. capable of, 
or worthy of, imitation. 

imitate ('i-tat), v.t. to produce a 
semblance of, in form, color, quali- 
ties, conduct, and the like ; use as a 
model or -"»attern ; to take example 
by ; to counterfeit ; copy. 

imitation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
imitating ; that which is produced 
by imitating ; the repetition of the 
same melodic theme or phrase, either 
in a different key, or in another 
voice or part : adj. made in imita- 
tion ; not genuine. 

imitative ('i-ta-tiv), adj. inclined to, 
or aiming at, imitation ; formed 
after a model. 

imitatively (-li), adv. in an imita- 
tive manner. 

imitator ('i-ta-ter), n. one who imi- 
tates. 

immaculate (-mak'ti-lat), adj. with- 
out blemish ; unspotted ; undefiled ; 
pure. 

immaculately (-li), adv. in an im- 
maculate manner. 



ate, arm, ask, 



at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



£mza 



435 



imm 



Jminacnlateiiess (-nes), n. spotless 
puritj^ 

Izamamuely another form of Em- 
manuel. 

ixninaterial (-ma-te'ri-al), adj. not 
consisting of matter ; spiritual ; dis- 
embodied ; unimportant. 

iiU3nateTialisiu (-izm), n. idealism; 
spiritualism. 

immaterially (-li), adv. without 
matter : in an unimportant manner 
or degree. 

immature (-ma-tur'), adj. not ripe; 
not fully grown or developed; not 
finished or perfected ; crude. 

immatured (-turd'), adj. not ma- 
tured ; not ripened. 

immaturely (-tur'li), adv. crudely. 

imimaturemess ('nes), n. immaturi- 
ty. 

immaturity (-tur'i-ti), n. unripe- 
ness ; incompleteness. 

imm.easur ability ( -mezh-ur-a-bil'i- 
ti ) , n. the quality of not being meas- 
urable. 

immeasurable ( 'ur-a-bl ) , adj. not 
to be measured ; immense ; limitless ; 
vast. 

imm.easurableness (-nes), n. bound- 
less extent. 

immeasurably (-bli), adv. to an in- 
definite extent or degree. 

immediate (-me'di-at), adj. directly 
related without an intervening me- 
dium ; next ; direct ; approximate ; 
instant. 

immediately (-li), adv. directly; 
proximately • instantly. 

im.mediateiiess (-nes), n. the quali- 
ty of being immediate ; promptness. 

immemorial (-me-mor'i-al), adj. ex- 
tending beyond, the reach of mem- 
ory, record, or tradition : as imme- 
morial usage or custom. 

immemorially (-li), adv. from time 
out of mind. 

immense (-mens'), adj. immeasura- 
ble ; boundless ; vast ; very great or 
large ; very good or fine : n. infinite 
space ; immensity. 

immensely ('li), adv. to an immense 
degree ; exceedingly. 

immenseness ('nes), n. the state of 
being immense ; immensity. 

immensity ('si-ti), n. [pi. immensi- 



ties (-tiz)], the character of being 
immense ; immeasurableness ; infi^ 
nite space ; vastness in extent or 
bulk. 

immerge (-merj'), v.t. to plunge into 
or under anything, especially a 
fluid ; immerse : v.i. to disappear by 
entering into any medium, as the 
moon into the shadow of the earth. 

immerse (-mers'), v.t. to plunge into 
or under anything, especially a 
fluid ; sink ; dip ; plunge into, as an 
occupation ; baptize by immersion. 

immersed (-merst'), p. adj. deeply 
plunged into anything, especially a 
fluid ; deeply occupied, engrossed, or 
involved ; growing wholly under 
water : said of a plant. 

immersion (-mer'shun), n. the act 
of immersing ; the state of being 
immersed ; baptism by dipping the 
whole person into water. 

immigrant ('i-grant), adj. passing 
or coming into, as a new habitat or 
place of residence : n. one who, or 
that which, immigrates. 

immigrate ('i-grat), v.i. to come into 
a new habitat or place of residence, 
especially to come into a country to 
settle. 

imminence ('i-nens), n. the condi- 
tion of being imminent ; nearness ; 
impending evil or danger. 

imminent ('i-nent), adj. threatening 
or about to fall or occur immediate- 
ly : said especially of misfortune or 
peril. 

isnmobility (-mo-bil'i-ti), n. fixed- 
ness in place or state. 

immoderate (-mod'er-at), adj. not 
moderate ; not confined to custom:- 
ary or just or reasonable limits ; 
extravagant ; intemperate. 

immoderately (-li), adv. excessive- 
ly ; unreasonably. 

immoderateness (-nes), n. want of 
moderation ; excess. 

immodest (-mod'est), adj. forward; 
arrogant; wanting in the restraint 
required by decency ; indelicate ; un- 
chaste. 

immodesty (-mod'est-i), n. want of 
modesty, delicacy, or proper re- 
serve ; arrogance ; unchastity. 

immolate ('o-lat), v.t. to kill as a 



ate, arm, §.sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



i^fl 



imm f 

sacrificial victim; offer in sacrifice; 
make a sacrifice of. 

immoral (-mor'al), adj. contrary to 
the moral law, or to the public 
good ; vicious ; dissolute ; dishonest ; 
unprincipled. 

immorality (-mo-ral'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being immoral ; an im- 
moral act or practice. 

immorally (-li), adv. in an immoral 
manner. 

immortal (-mSr'tal), adj. not mortal 
or subject to death ; imperishable ; 
ever-living : n. one who is immor- 
tal : pi. the gods of classical my- 
thology. 

immortalize ('tal-iz), v.t. to render 
immortal ; bestow lasting fame upon. 

immortality (-tal'i-ti), n. exemption 
from death or oblivion; unending 
existence. 

immortally (-li), adv. eternally. 

immortelle (-mor-tel'), n. [pi. im- 
mortelles (-telz')], a plant whose 
flowers may be dried without losing 
their form or color ; an everlasting ; 
a wreath made of everlastings. 

immovability (-moov-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
fixedness. 

imimiovalble ('a-bl), adj. incapable of 
being moved ; fixed ; steadfast ; un- 
changing ; unfeeling : n.pl. land,^ or 
things fixed to, or running with, 
land, as trees, buildings. 

immune (-mun'), adj. exempt, as 
from a disease : n. one who is ex- 
empt from any particular disease 
by reason of having had it. 

immunity (-mtin'i-ti), n. [pi. im- 
munities (-tiz)], exemption from 
any duty, office, or tax ; freedom 
from natural or usual liability ; spe- 
cial privilege (usually in pL). 

immunize (-mun'iz), v.t. to render 
immune. 

immure (-mur'), v.t. to enclose with- 
in walls ; shut up in prison ; con- 
fine. 

immutability (-mut-a-bil'l-ti), n. 
unchangeableness. 

immutable (-mut'a-bl), adj. un- 
changeable ; invariable ; unaltera- 
ble ; permanent. 

imp (imp), n. a young, little, or in- 
ferior devil ; a hobgoblin ; sprite ; a 
pert or mischievous child. 



6 inip 

impact (im'pakt), n. collision. 

impair (-par'), v.t. to make worse; 
lessen in quantity, value, excellence, 
or strength : v.i. to become worse ; 
deteriorate. 

impairment ('ment), n. diminution; 
injury. 

impale (-pal'), v.t. to fix on a stake; 
put to death by spitting on a sharp 
stake fixed upright ; surround with, 
or as with, a pale or palisade ; in 
heraldry, to join (two coats of 
arms) on one shield, palewise. 

impalpable (-parpa-bl), adj. not to 
be perceived by touch ; not material ; 
incorporeal ; not ( readily ) appre- 
hensible by the mind ; intangible ; 
unreal. 

impanel (-pan'el), v.t. to enter the 
names of (jurors) on a piece of 
parchment called a panel; summon 
to serve on a jury ; draw from the 
panel and swear in. 

imparity (-par'i-ti), n. inequality; 
disproportion ; difference of degree, 
rank, excellence, number, quantity, 
&c. ; want of correspondence. 

impart (-part'), v.t. to bestow a 
share or portion of ; give ; to com- 
municate ^ knowledge of ; make 
known : v.i. to give a share. 

impartial (-par'shal), adj. free from 
partiality ; equitable ; fair ; just ; 
unprejudiced. 

impartiality (-shi-al'i-ti), n. free- 
dom from bias ; fairness. 

impartially (-par'shal-li), adv. just- 
ly ; fairly ; without prejudice. 

impartialness (-nes), n. impartial- 
ity. 

impartible ('ti-bl), adj. capable of 
being imparted or communicated; 
indivisible. 

impassable (-pas'a-ol), adj. not to 
be passed ; not admitting passage ; 
impervious. 

impassableness (-nes), n. the state 
of being impassable. 

impassably (-bli), adv. in an impas- 
sable manner. 

impassably (-bli), adv. in an impas- 
pable of suffering from external 
causes ; exempt from harm or pain ; 
not to be moved to passion, sym- 
pathy, or any sign of emotion. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, DOt ; bodily 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



imp 



437 



imp 



Impassioned (-pash'und), p. adj. 
moved to strong feeling ; animated ; 
excited. 

Impassive (-pas'iv), adj. apathetic. 

impassively (-li), adv. in an impas- 
sive manner. 

impassiveness (-nes), n. insensi- 
bility. 

impatience (-pa'shens), n. the state 
of being impatient. 

iinpatient ('shent), adj. intolerant 
of pain, delaj', opposition, control, 
or circumstances ; exhibiting or ex- 
pressing impatience (with at) ; 
eager (with for). 

impawn (-pawn'), v.t. to put in 
pawn ; deposit as security ; pledge. 

impeach (-pech'), v.t. to call in 
question : accuse before a tribunal 
of official misconduct ; challenge the 
credibility or validity of : as a wit- 
ness or a document. 

Impeachment ('ment), n. the ar- 
raignment of a public officer for 
malfeasance in office ; a discrediting 
or calling in question. 

impeccability (-pek-a-bil'i-ti) , n. 
exemption from sin, error, or wrong- 
doing. 

impeccable (-pek'a-bl), adj. not lia- 
ble to sin ; faultless. 

impecnniosity (-pe-kti-ni-os'i-ti), n. 
want of money ; poverty. _ 

impecnnions ('ni-us), adj. without 
money ; poor. 

impede (-ped'), v.t. to obstruct; hin- 
der. 

impediment (-ped'i-ment), n. that 
which impedes progress or activity ; 
obstruction ; obstacle ; hindrance. 

impedimenta (-ped-i-men'ta), n.pl. 
encumbrances ; traveling equipage ; 
baggage, especially military bag- 
gage ; military supplies. 

impedimental ('tal), adj. of the na- 
ture of an impediment ; impeding. 

impel (-pel'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. im- 
pelled, p.pr. impelling], to drive or 
urge forward or on ; constrain to 
any kind of motion or action. 

impellent ('ent), adj. having the 
quality of impelling : n. a motive or 
impelling power. 

Impend (-pend'), v.i. to hang over; 
be ready to fall ; be at hand. 



impendent ('ent), adj. impending. 

impending ('ing), p.adj. overhang- 
ing ; suspended so as to menace ; 
close at hand. 

impenetrability (-pen-e-tra-bil'i-ti) , 
n. incapability of being penetrated; 
that property of matter in virtue 
of which no two bodies can occupy 
the same space at the same time. 

impenetrable ( 'e-tra-bl ) , adj. not 
penetrable ; not admitting entrance ; 
having the property of being im- 
penetrable ; impervious. 

impenitence (-pen'i-tens), n. the 
state of being impenitent ; hardness 
of heart ; stubborn wickedness. Also 
impeuitency. 

impenitent ('i-tent), adj. not con- 
trite ; finally negligent of the duty 
of repentance ; obdurate : n. one 
who finally neglects the duty of re- 
pentance ; a hardened sinner. 

imperative (-per'a-tiv), adj. express- 
ing command ; peremptory ; obliga- 
tory : n. that mood of a verb that 
expresses command, entreaty, or 
exhortation. 

imperatively (-li), adv. perempto- 
rily. 

imperceptibility (-sep-ti-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being imperceptible. 

imperceptible (-sep'ti-bl), adj. that 
cannot be immediately perceived by 
the senses, or easily apprehended by 
the mind. 

imperceptibly ('ti-bli), adv. so as 
not to be readily perceived. 

imperfect ('fekt), adj. wanting in 
completeness, correctness, or excel- 
lence ; wanting in some organ es- 
sential to normal activity ; incom- 
plete ; defective ; faulty. 

imperfection (-fek'shun), n. in- 
completeness ; f aultiness ; a defect 
or blemish, physical, mental, or 
moral ; failing. 

imperforate ('fo-rat), adj. having 
no perforations or pores. 

imperial (-pe'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
to an empire or emperor ; fit or suit- 
able for one who wields supreme au- 
thority ; of superior size or excel- 
lence ; royal ; sovereign : n. the top of 
a diligence or coach ; a baggage-case 
on a traveling carriage ; a size of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then 



imp 



438 



imp 



paper, 30 in. x 22 in. ; a tuft of 
hair left unshaven on tlie lower lip 
and chin (so called from Napoleon 
III., who set this fashion). 

imperialism (-izm), n. the system 
of imperial government ; the policy 
of imperial federation ; policy of 
territorial expansion. 

imperialist (-ist), n. one who fa- 
vors or upholds imperialism. 

imperialistic (-is'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or favoring, imperialism. 

imperialization (-i-za'shun), n. the 
establishment or extension of im- 
perial power. 

imperialize ('ri-al-iz), v.t. to invest 
with imperial character, style, or 
power ; bring to the form of an em- 
pire. 

imperially ('ri-al-li), adv. in an im- 
perial manner. 

imperil (-per'il), v.t. to put in 
peril ; endanger ; jeopardize. 

imperious (-pe'ri-us), adj. domineer- 
ing, dictatorial, overbearing; ur- 
gent ; imperative. 

imperisliable (-per'ish-a-bl), adj. 
indestructible ; not subject to decay ; 
permanently enduring. 

im.permeability ( -per-me-a-bil'i-ti ) , 
n. the property of being impermea- 
ble. 

impermeable ('me-a-bl), adj. not 
permitting passage, as of a fluid, 
through its substance ; impervious ; 
impenetrable. 

impermeably (-bli), adv. so as to 
be impermeable. 

impermeator ('me-a-ter), n. a con- 
trivance for uniformly supplying oil 
to the cylinder of a steam-engine. 

impersonal ('sun-al), adj. wanting 
personality or conscious individuali- 
ty ; not referring to a particular 
person : n. an impersonal verb. 

impersonality ('i-ti), n. absence of 
personality. 

impersonally (-li), adv. in an im- 
personal manner. 

impersonal verb (verb), n. a verb 
used without a subject, or (in En- 
glish) with only the impersonal it. 

impersonate ('sun-at), v.t. to invest 

with personality ; embody as a per- 

■ sou ; represent as a personality ; to 



represent the person or character 
of, especially on the stage. 

impersonator (-a-ter), n. one who 
impersonates ; an actor. 

impertinence ('tin-ens), n. that 
which is impertinent or irrelevant, 
as in speech or manners ; a thing of 
no value ; a trifle ; forwardness ; 
rudeness ; in law, matter which is 
immaterial in substance. 

impertinent ('tin-ent), adj. non- 
pertinent ; of no relation to the mat- 
ter in hand ; not to the point ; in- 
apposite ; inapplicable : rude ; un- 
civil, or offensive in behavior : n. 
one who interferes in things which 
do not concern him ; a forward, ill- 
mannered person. 

imperturbability ( -ter-ba-bil'i-ti ) , 
n. the quality of being imperturba- 
ble. 

imperturbable ('ba-bl), adj. not 
easily disturbed, agitated, or dis- 
concerted ; self-contained, cool, calm. 

impervious ('vi-us), adj. not to be 
passed through or penetrated ; im- 
penetrable ; not permitting passage, 
as of a fluid, through its substance. 

impetuosity (-ti-os'i-ti), n. vehe- 
mence ; violence ; force. 

impetuous ('u-us), adj. rushing with 
force and violence ; vehement in 
feeling ; acting with sudden energy ; 
precipitate. 

impetus ('pe-tus), n. the force with 
which any body is driven or im- 
pelled ; impulse ; impulsion ; mo- 
mentum. 

impiety (-pi'i-ti), n. [pi. impieties 
(-tiz)], want of piety; disregard of 
the Supreme Being ; ungodliness ; 
an act of irreverence or wicked- 
ness ; violation of natural duty to- 
wards others, as disobedience to 
parents. 

impinge (-pinj'), v.i. strike or dash; 
clash ; come in collision (with on, 
upon, or against). 

impingent ('pin-jent), adj. imping- 
ing. 

impioiis ('pi-us), adj. irreligious; 
wicked ; profane. 

impish, (imp'ish), adj. having the 
mischievous character of an imp. 

implacability (-pla-ka-bil'i-ti), n. a 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut^ think, then. 



imp 



439 



imp 



state of irreconcilable enmity or un- 
appeasable auger. Also implacable- 
ness. 

implacable (-pla'ka-bl), adj. not to 
be pacified or appeased ; constant 
in anger or eniuit^^ ; relentless. 

implacably (-bli), adv. with unap- 
peasable resentment. 

implant (-plant'), v.t. to infix for 
growth ; cause to take root ; ingraft. 

implead (-pled'), v.t. to sue or prose- 
cute ; accuse ; impeach. 

implement ('ple-ment), n. that 
which supplies a want, or is a requi- 
site to an end, especially an instru- 
ment, tool, or utensil : pi. the tools 
and weapons of prehistoric man. 

implemental ('al), adj. pertaining 

. to, or characterized by, the use of 
implements. 

implicate ('pli-kat), v.t. to infold; 
involve ; entangle ; bring into con- 
nection with. 

implication (-ka'shun), n. entangle- 
ment ; that which is implied ; an 
inference not expressed but under- 
stood ; deduction. 

implicit (-plis'it), adj. implied; rest- 
ing on implication or inference ; 
trusting in the word or authority 
of another ; submissive ; blind ; tacit ; 
unreserved. 

implore (-plor'), v.t. to entreat (a 
person, or for a thing) earnestly, 
humbly, and importunately : v.i. to 
beg ; pray ; supplicate. 

imploring ('ing), jt.adj. supplicat- 
ing. 

imply (-pli'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. im- 
plied, p.pr. implying], to contain by 
implication ; mean or signify by fair 
inference ; express indirectly ; in- 
sinuate. 

impolicy (-pol'i-si), n. the quality of 
being impolitic ; want of policy ; in- 
expediency. 

impolite (-po-llf), adj. wanting in 
good manners ; boorish ; coarse. 

impolitely (-li), adv. ill-mannered- 
ly ; discourteously. 

impoliteness (-nes), w. incivility ; 
rudeness. 

impolitic (-pol'i-tik), adj. contrary 
to good policy ; unwise ; injudicious : 
indiscreet. 



iiaponderability ( -pon-der-a-bil'i- 
ti ) , n. the quality of being impon- 
derable. 

imponderable (-pon'der-a-bl) , adj. 
not capable of being weighed ; with- 
out (sensible) weight: n. a term 
applied to the hypothetical universal 
medium, ether. 

imporosity (-po-ros'i-ti), n. absence 
of pores ; compactness. 

imporous (-po'rus), adj. without 
pores ; solid. 

import (-port'), 'i^-t- to bring into a 
country from abroad : opposed to ex- 
port ; bring in from without, as ir- 
relevant matter into a discussion ; 
bear in meaning : imply ; signify ; 
betoken ; be of interest or conse- 
quence to ; concern : v.i. to be of 
moment: n. (im'port) merchandise 
brought into a country from abroad 
(usually in pi.) ; meaning; purport; 
significance ; importance. 

importance (-por'tans), w. the qual- 
ity of being important ; high place 
in public estimation ; high self-es- 
teem. 

important ('tant), adj. of much im- 
port or significance ; momentous ; 
bearing weight or consequence ; of 
high standing ; pompous. 

importation (-ta'shun), n. th& act 
or practice of bringing merchandise 
into a country from abroad ; that 
which is imported ; one who, or that 
which, is recently introduced. 

importunate (-por'tu-nat), adj. per- 
sistent ; unreasonable or troublesome 
in solicitation ; not to be repulsed ; 
urgent. 

importunately (-li), adv. with per- 
sistent solicitation. 

importuuateness (-nes), n. impor- 
tunity. 

importune (-por-tun'), v.t. to harass 
with perpetual petitions or de- 
mands : v.i. to beg persistently or 
urgently. 

importunity (-tu'ni-ti), n. [pi. im- 
portunities (-tiz)], persistent so- 
licitation or demand ; incessant in- 
sistence ; urgency. 

impose (-poz'), v.t. to place upon: 
as, to impose the hands in confirma- 
tion or ordination ; lay upon, as a 
burden, punishment, or charge ; to 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book : hue, hut ; think, then. 



^n 



imp 



440 



imp 



palm off; lay (pages of type) on 
an imposing-stone or the bed of a 
press, and secure them in a chase : 
v.i. to place a burden or tax ; prac- 
tice deception (with upon). 

imposiiig ('ing), p.adj. adapted to 
impress forcibly ; commanding ; 
stately ; grand ; impressive : n. in 
printing, the arrangement of pages 
or columns into forms. 

imposition (-p6-zish'un), n. a, lay- 
ing upon, especially of hands in or- 
dination or confirmation ; the fixing 
of a meaning upon the terms of a 
proposition ; that which is imposed, 
levied, or enjoined ; an extra exercise 
imposed on a student as a punish- 
ment ; a trick, fraud, or deception ; 
a duty formerly imposed at the 
pleasure of the British king on im- 
ports and exports. 

impossibility (-pos-i-bil'i-ti), n. 
character of being impossible.; that 
which cannot be, or be supposed to 
be, done. 

impossible (-pos'i-bl), adj. that can- 
not be done ; inconceivable. 

impost ('post), n. that which is im- 
posed or levied ; a tax, tribute, or 
duty, especially a customs-duty lev- 
ied by government on imports ; the 
top member of a pillar on which the 
arch rests. 

impostor (-pos'ter), n. one who im- 
poses upon others by an assumed 
character or false pretensions. 

im.postress ('tres), n. a female im- 
postor. 

imposture ('pos-ttir), n. deception, 
especially that which is practiced 
under an assumed character or by 
false pretensions. 

impotence ('po-tens), n. the state 
of being impotent in body or mind ; 
feebleness ; want of capacity ; de- 
ficiency of means to achieve an end. 

impotent ('po-tent), adj. wanting 
in phj'sical, intellectual, or moral 
power ; weak ; deficient in capacity ; 
lacking self-restraint. 

impound (-pound'), v.t. to shut up 
in a pound or pen, as stray cattle ; 
confine ; hold in the custody of a 
court. 

impoverish (-pov'er-ish) , v.t. to 



make poor ; reduce to poverty ; 
cause to deteriorate in quality ot 
productiveness. 

impoverishment (-ment), n. the 
act of impoverishing ; the state of 
being impoverished ; indigence ; de- 
terioration. 

impracticability ( -prak-ti-ka-bil'i- 
ti), n. the quality of being imprac- 
ticable. 

impracticable ('ti-ka-bl), adj. not 
to be effected by the means em- 
ployed, or at command ; not easily 
dealt with ; unmanageable ; impossi- 
ble ; intractable. 

imprecate ('pre-kat), v.t. to invoke, 
especially an evil or curse, upon ; 
curse ; wish evil to. 

imprecatory ('pre-ka-to-ri), adj. in- 
voking evil or a curse. 

impregnability ( -preg-na-bil'i-ti ) , 
n. the quality of being unconquera- 
ble. 

impregnable ('na-bl), adj. not to 
be captured, as a fortress ; not to 
be overcome, as virtue. 

impregnably (-bli), adv. so as to 
defy attack. 

impregnate (-preg'nat), v.t. to make 
pregnant ; fecundate ; fertilize ; in- 
fuse an active principle, or the par- 
ticles of another substance, into ; 
imbue ; saturate. 

impresario (-pra-sa're-o), n. the 
manager of an opera or concert 
company ; one who engages singers 
and brings them before the public. 

imprescriptible ( -pre-skrip'ti-bl ) , 
adj. not founded on prescription ; 
not to be alienated or lost by lapse 
of time ; independent of external 
authority ; inalienable ; self-evidenc- 
ing. 

impress (-pres'), v.t. to mark, stamp, 
or print by pressure ; to affect for- 
cibly, or stamp deeply on, the mind ; 
to imprint ; inculcate ; compel to 
enter the public service as soldiers 
or sailors, especially to carry off 
forcibly to serve in the navy ; seize 
for the public service, as money or 
provisions: n. (im'pres) a mark 
made by pressure ; an image or fig- 
ure ; _ a mark of distinction ; char- 
acteristic ; stamp ; an impression or 
image fixed in the mind. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon/ 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



inrp 



441 



imp 



impressibility (-i-biri-ti), n. the 
quality of being impressible. 

impressible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
being impressed ; susceptible of im- 
pressions. 

impression (-presh'un), n. the mark 
made by a stamp or mold; style or 
character formed by external force 
or influence ; the mark or stamp 
which is the result of external force 
or influence ; an image in the mind 
caused by something external to it ; 
the immediate effect produced upon 
the mind by a sensation, passion, 
or emotion.; an indistinct or vague 
notion, remembrance, or belief ; a 
copy taken by pressure from type ; 
number of copies printed at once ; 
edition. 

impressionability (-a-biri-ti), n. 
the quality of being impressionable. 

impressionable ('a-bl), adj. capable 
of receiving impressions ; suscepti- 
ble. 

impressional ('un-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to impressions. 

impressionism ('un-izm), n. the 
doctrine that natural objects should 
be painted — in literature described 
— so as to reproduce only their 
larger and more immediate effect or 
impression, without selection or 
elaboration of details. , 

impressionist ('un-ist), n. one who, 
in art or in literature, adheres to 
the theory of impressionism. 

impressionistic (-is'tik), adj. per- 
taining to, or characterized by, im- 
pressionism. 

impressive (-pres'iv), adj. capable 
of making impression. 

impressively (-li), adv. in an im- 
pressive, affecting, or touching man- 
ner. 

impressiveness (-nes), n. the quali- 
ty of being impressive. 

impressment (-pres'ment), n. the 
act of seizing for public use, or of 
compelling to enter the public serv- 
ice. 

imprimis (-pri'mis), adv. in the 
first place : a word introducing the 
first of a series of particulars in 
an enumeration. 

imprint (-print'), v.t. to mark by 



pressure; to stamp, as letters and 
words on paper, by means of inked 
types ; print ; impress deeply, as on 
the mind or memory: n. (im'print) 
an impression, impress, or mark left 
by something; the publisher's or 
printer's name, usually with time 
and place of issue, on the title-page 
or at the end of ^ book or other pub- 
lication. 

imprison (-priz'n), v.t. to put into 
a prison ; detain in custody ; re- 
strain or confine in any way ; in- ». 
carcerate. 

imprisonment (-ment), ii. state of 
being shut in, or as in, prison ; con- 
finement. 

improbability (-prob-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
[pi. improbabilities (-tiz)], unlike- 
lihood ; an improbable event. 

improbable ('a-bl), adj. unlikely; 
not to be expected. 

improbably (-bli), adv. in an im- 
probable manner. 

improbity (-prob'i-ti), n. want of 
probity or rectitude ; dishonesty. 

impromptu (-promp'tii), adv. with- 
out preparation ; offhand ; extem- 
pore : adj. extemporaneous ; thrown 
off on the spur of the moment : n. 
an extemporaneous speech or effort. 

improper (-prop'er), adj. not well 
adapted or suited to the purpose; 
not according to nature, usage, &c. ; 
erroneous ; unseemly. 

improper fraction (frak'shun), n. 
a fraction whose numerator is equal 
to, or greater than, its denominator. 

impropriety (-pri'e-ti), n. [pi. im- 
proprieties (-tiz)], the quality of 
being improper ; unsuitableness ; 
that which is improper in act, ex- 
pression, &c. 

improvable (-proov'a-bl), adj. capa- 
ble of being ipaproved. 

improve (-proov')? v.t. to make bet- 
ter ; turn to account ; intensify : v.i. I 
to grow better. 

improvement ('ment), n. advance- 
ment of anything from good to bet- 
ter ; profitable use or application 
of anything ; that by which the value 
of anything, especially property, is 
advanced : pi. betterments. 

improver ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, improves. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ixnp 



442 



improvidence (-prov'i-dens), want 
of foresight or thrift. 

improvident ('i-dent), adj. lacking 
foresight or thrift ; wanting care to 
provide for the future ; careless. 

improvisation (-i-sa'shun), n, the 
act of improvising ; the act of com- 
. posing poetry or music extempora- 
neously ; an impromptu. 

improvisator ('i-sa-ter), n. an im- 
proviser. Also improvisatore. 

improvisatrice (-ve-za-tre'cha), n. 
a female improvisatore. 

improvise (-pro-viz'), v.t. to com- 
pose extemporaneously, especially 
verse or music ; bring about on a 
sudden, or without previous prepa- 
ration ; devise on the spur of the 
moment, or for a special occasion : 
v.i. to compose extemporaneously ; 
do a thing in an offhand way. 

imprudence (-proo'dens), n. want of 
prudence ; carelessness of conse- 
quences ; inattention to one's in- 
terest, 

imprudent ('dent), adj. wanting 
prudence ; not attentive to conse- 
quences or interest ; indiscreet ; in- 
judicious. 

impudence ('pti-dens), n. want of 
modesty ; sha,melessness ; rudeness ; 
forwardness. 

impudent ('pti-dent), ad], shame- 
less ; immodest ; offensively forward ; 
intentionally disrespectful. 

impugn (-pun'), v.t. to attack by 
arguments ; contradict ; gainsay. 

impugnable ('a-bl), adj. that may 
be impugned or gainsaid. 

impulse ('puis), n. force communi- 
cated suddenly ; the result of an 
impelling force ; a mental force di- 
rectly urging to action ; a sudden de- 
termination not arising from reflec- 
tion. 

impiilsion (-pul'shun), n. the act of 
impelling ; the state of being im- 
pelled ; instigation. 

impulsive ('siv), adj. having the 
power of impelling ; actuated by, or 
resulting from, impulse; passion- 
ate ; acting by momentary impulse, 
not continuously. 

impulsively (-li), adv. by impulse. 

impulsiveness (-nes), n. the quality 
of being impulsive. 



impunity (-pun'i-ti), n. freedom 
from punishment, injury, or loss. 

impure (-pur'), adj. mixed with ex- 
traneous matter ; unchaste ; un- 
clean ; dirty ; not accurate or idio - 
matic : said of a language or style. 

impurely ('li), adv. in an impure 
manner. 

impureness ('nes), n. the quality of 
being impure; impurity. 

impurity ('ti), n. ipl. impurities 
(-tiz)], uncleanness ; a physical or 
moral blemish. 

imputable (-ptit'a-bl), adj. that may 
be imputed, charged, or ascribed. 

isaputation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
imputing or charging ; anything im- 
puted or charged, especially in the 
way of discredit ; censure ; reproach ; 
insinuation ; the doctrine that the 
sin of Adam is attributed to his 
posterity, and the righteousness of 
Christ to the believer. 

impute (-put'), v.t. to charge, at- 
tribute, or ascribe, especially a fault ; 
attribute (sin or righteousness) as 
derived from another. 

in, prefix meaning in, within, inside, 
not. 

inadvertence (in-ad-vert'ens), n. 
want of attention ; oversight ; mis- 
take. Also inadvertency. 

inadvertent ('ent), adj. inatten- 
tive ; heedless ; careless ; uncon- 
scious. 

inalienability (-al-yen-a-bil'i-ti), n, 
the quality of being inalienable. 

inalienable (-a-bl), adj. that cannot, 
or should not, be alienated, surren- 
dered, or transferred to another. 

inalienableness (-nes), n. inaliena- 
bility. 

inalienably (-bli), adv. so as to be 
inalienable. 

inamorata (-a-mo-ra'ta), n. a wom- 
an with whom one is in love ; sweet- 
heart ; mistress [Italian]. 

inamorato ('to), n. a man who is 
in love; a lover [Italian]. 

inane (-an'), adj. empty; void; 
senseless; silly; pointless; frivo- 
lous : n. infinite void ; space. 

inanimate (in-an'i-mat), adj. not 
animate or animated ; dead ; spirit- 
less ; lifeless. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



443 



ine 



inanition (-a-nish'un), n. empti- 
ness ; exhaustion from lack of nour- 
ishment. 

inanity (-an'i-ti), n. [pi. inanities 
(-tiz)], emptiness; mental vacuity; 
frivolity : pi. vanities. 

inappreciable (-pre'shi-a-bl), adj. 
not to be appreciated or estimated ; 
of no consequence. 

inarch, (in-arch'), v.t. to graft by 
uniting (a scion) to a stock without 
separating the scion from its parent 
tree. 

inarticulate (in-ar-tik'u-lat), adj. 
not uttered with intelligible distinct- 
ness ; incapable of speech ; not arti- 
culated ; not jointed, segmented, or 
valved. 

inarticulately (-li), adv. in an in- 
articulate manner. 

inarticulateness (-nes), n. indis- 
tinctness of utterance. 

inasmuch (-az-much'), adv. in a like 
degree; seeing that (with as) ; be- 
cause. 

inaugural (-aw'gti-ral), adj. pertain- 
ing to an inauguration : n. an inau- 
gural address. 

inaugurate ('gii-rat), v.t. to induct 
into office with appropriate cere- 
monies ; invest with office in a for- 
mal manner ; consecrate ; make a 
formal beginning of ; initiate, as a 
new policy ; celebrate the first pub- 
lic use of by some opening cere- 
mony ; dedicate, as a public build- 
ing. 

inaugurator (-rat-er), n. one who 
inaugurates, or initiates. 

inauguratory (-to-ri), adj. pertain- 
ing to inauguration. 

inauguratrix (-triks), n. a female 
who inaugurates. 

inauspicious (-spish'us), adj. ill- 
omened ; unlucky ; unfavorable ; un- 
fortunate. 

inbeing ('be-ing), n. inherent exist- 
ence ; inherence ; inseparableness. 

inboard ('bord), adv. and adj. with- 
in the ship ; not projecting over the 
bulwarks. 

inbond ('bond), adj. a term applied 
to a brick or stone laid lengthwise 
across a wall. 

inbreed (-bred'), v.t. to breed or de- 



velop within ; breed from animals 
closely related. 

Inca (ing'ka), n. the Peruvian em- 
peror, or a member of the royal race 
in Peru (which claimed descent from 
the sun) previous to the Spanish 
conquest under Pizarro, 1531 ; the 
aboriginal Peruvian race, whose lan- 
guage, called Quichua, is still spoken 
in the Sierra. 

incalculable (in-karkti-la-bl), adj. 
beyond calculation. 

incalculably (-bli), adv. immeasur- 
ably. 

incalescence (-kal-es'ens) , the state 
of growing warm. Also incalescen- 
cy. 

incalescent (-es'ent), adj. increas- 
ing in heat. 

incandesce (-kan-des'), v.t. to cause 
to glow with heat : v.t. to glow with 
heat. 

incandescnce ('ens), n. white heat. 
Also incandescency. 

incandescent ('ent), adj. glowing; 
white with heat. 

incandescent lamp (lamp), n. a 
lamp in which the light is produced 
by a thin strip of non-conducting 
material contained in a vacuum, and 
heated to incandescence by an elec- 
tric current. 

incantation ( -kan-ta'shun ) , n. a 
magical charm said or sung ; en- 
chantment. 

incantatory ('ta-to-ri), adj. dealing 
by enchantment ; magical. 

incapacitate (-ka-pas'i-tat), v.t. to 
deprive of capacity or natural pow- 
er ; render incapable or unfit ; dis- 
qualify ; disable. 

incapacity (-ti), n. lack of power, 
physical or mental ; legal disqualifi- 
cation. 

incarcerate (-kar'ser-at), v.t. to im- 
prison ; confine. 

incarceration (-ra'shun), n. im- 
prisonment ; confinement ; constric- 
tion, as of a hernia. 

incarcerator ('ser-a-ter), w. one who 
nicarcerates. 

incarnate ('nat), v.t. to clothe with 
flesh ; embody in flesh : p.adj. . em- 
bodied in flesh ; flesh-colored. 

incarnation (-na'shun), n. the act 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



inc 



444 



inc 



of clothing with, or of assuming, 
flesh ; embodiment in human form; 
a striking exemplification or personi- 
fication ; the assumption of human 
nature by the Son of God ; the pro- 
cess by which a wound heals by 
being filled v/ith new flesh. 

incase, same as encase. 

incautious (-kaw'shus), adj. want- 
ing in caution ; not circumspect ; 
unwary. 

incavo (-ka'vo), the hollowed part in 
an intaglio or an engraved work. 

incendiarism (-sen'di-a-rizm), the 
act of an incendiary ; burning ; ar- 
son. 

incendiary ('di-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
to arson or the malicious burning of 
property ; tending to excite passion 
or violence ; inflammatory ; sedi- 
tious : n. one guilty of arson ; one 
who excites passion or violence ; a 
seditious agitator. 

incense (in-sens'), v.t. to fire; in- 
flame with anger ; provoke ; irritate ; 
(in'sens), perfume with incense: 
n. any aromatic material which ex- 
hales perfume when burned, especial- 
ly olibanum, the frankincense of the 
Jews, and also of the ancient Greeks 
s.nd Romans ; any gratifying odor, 
as of flowers ; homage ; odor of 
spices and gums burned in religious 
rites. 

incentive (sen'tiv), adj. inciting; 
encouraging : n. incitement ; en- 
couragement ; motive ; spur ; stimu- 
lus. 

inception (-sep'shun), n. reception; 
beginning ; the formal qualification 
of a master of arts, previous to tak- 
ing his degree. 

inceptive (-sep'tiv), adj. beginning; 
noting beginning : n. an inceptive 
word or phrase. 

incessant (ses'ant), adj. unceasing; 
ceaseless ; continuous. 

incest ('sest), n. sexual commerce 
between persons related within the 
prohibited degrees of marriage. 

incestuous (-ses'tu-us) , adj. guilty 
of, or involving, incest. 

inch (inch), n. l-12th of a foot; a 
small quantity or degree ; a critical 
moment : v.t. to drive by small de- 



grees ; deal out sparingly : v.i. move 
slowly. 

inchoate ('ko-at), adj. just begun; 
incipient ; elementary ; incomplete. 

inchoately (-li), adv. rudimentarily. 

inchoative ('a-tiv), adj. incipient; 
rudimentary : n. an inceptive. 

incidence ('si-dens), n. the direction 
in which a ray of light or heat falls 
upon a surface. 

incident ('si-dent), adj. falling upon, 
as a ray of light on a reflecting sur- 
face ; apt to occur ; appertaining ; 
occurring accidentally ; casual ; sub- 
ordinate : n. occurrence ; that which 
happens beside the main design ; 
casualty ; episode ; event ; accident. 

incidental ( 'al ) , adj. casual ; sub- 
ordinate : n. something casual or 
subordinate : pi. minor expenses. 

incidentally (-li), adv. casually. 

incinerate (-sin'er-at), v.t. to burn 
to ashes. 

incineration (-er-a'shun), n. crema- 
tion. 

incinerator ('er-a-ter), n. a furnace 
or retort for reducing substances to 
ashes. 

incipience (-sip'i-ens), n. incipient 
state ; beginning ; commencement. 
Also incipiency. 

incipient ('i-ent), adj. beginning to 
be or to appear ; initial. 

incised (-sizd'), p. adj. cut; caused 
by cutting ; engraved ; notched. 

incision (-sizh'un), n. a cut made 
with a sharp instrument ; notch. 

incisive (-si'siv), adj. having the 
quality of cutting into ; sharp ; 
trenchant ; pertaining to the incisor 
teeth ; incisorial : n. the incisive 
edge or tooth of the mandible of a 
beetle. 

incisively (-li), adv. with incision. 

incisiveness (-nes), n. the quality of 
being incisive. 

incisor ('ser), n. a cutting tooth; 
one of the teeth in front of the ca- 
nines in both jaws. 

incisorial (-sor'i-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or having the character of, an in- 
cisor tooth. 

incisory ('so-ri), adj. cutting. 

incite (-sit'), v.t. to move to action; 
stir up ; spur on ; encourage ; im- 
pel. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



inc 



445 



ino 



incitement ('ment), n. ah inciting 
cause ; incentive ; impulse ; encour- 
agement. 

incivility (-si-vil'i-ti), n. [pi. inci- 
vilities (-tiz)], lack of civility or 
courtesy ; impoliteness. 

inclemency (-klem'en-si), n. [pi. in- 
clemencies _(-siz)], v^ant of clem- 
ency ; severity of temper ; y stormi- 
ness ; adversity. 

inclement ('ent), adj. not clement; 
unmerciful ; tempestuous. 

inclination (-cli-na'shun), n. a lean- 
ing ; deviation from normal direc- 
tion or position ; tendency of the 
mind ; disposition ; a slope or de- 
clivity ; slant ; propensity. 

incline (-klin'), v.i. to deviate from 
the normal direction or position ; 
lean ; bov^ ; have a mental bent or 
tendency ; be disposed : v.t. to cause 
to lean ; direct ; bovv^ ( as in rever- 
ence or civility) ; give a tendency 
to ; turn ; dispose : n. a. slope ; an in- 
clined plane ; gradient. 

inclined (-klind'), p.adj. having a 
tendency ; sloping ; disposed ; bent 
into a convex curve._ 

inclined plane (plan), n. a plane 
that makes an angle with the plane 
of the horizon ; one of the mechan- 
ical powers. 

inclinometer (-kli-nom'e-ter), n. an 
apparatus for determining the mag- 
netic inclination or dip ; a dipping 
needle ; clinometer. 

ip-^lose (-kloz'), v.t. to shut in; en- 
compass ; surround ; put into an 
enveloi:/e ; i)ut into the same envel- 
ope (with another letter) ; sepa- 
rate from common lands by a fence. 

inclosure ('zhur), n. the act of in- 
closing, or state of being inclosed, 
especially the act of separating land 
from a common by a fence ; that 
which is inclosed ; that which in- 
closes, as a fence ; something in- 
closed with a letter in an envelope, 
as a bill, check, &c. 

include (-klood'), v.t. to inclose; 
hold as in an inclosure ; confine 
within something ; comprise or com- 
prehend, as a genus the species. 

included ('ed), p.adj. inclosed; con- 
tained ; not projecting beyond the 
mouth of the corolla of a flower. 



inclusion (-kloo'zhun), n. the act 
of including ; the state of being in- 
cluded ; that which is included. 

inclusive ('siv), adj. inclosing; in- 
cluding ; comprehending the ex- 
tremes in the sum, as from Monday 
to Saturday inclusive, i.e., taking in 
both Monday and Saturday. 

inclusively (-li), adv. so as to in- 
clude. 

incognito (-kog'ni-to), adj. un- 
known or disguised : adv. in dis- 
guise ; under an assumed name : n. 
a great personage who travels under 
an assumed style ; the assumption of 
a character or title to avoid, recog- 
nition ; state of being unrecognized. 
Fern, incognita. 

incoherence (-ko-her'ens), n. want 
of cohesion ; looseness ; want of con- 
nection ; incongruity ; inconsequence. 
Incoherency. 

incoherent ('ent), without cohesion; 
incongruous ; inconsecutive. 

incohesion (-he'zhun), n. want of 
cohesion. 

incombustible (-kom-bus'ti-bl), adj. 
that cannot be consumed by fire : n, 
an incombustible substance. 

income ('kum), n. the gain which 
proceeds from labor, business, prop- 
erty, or capital ; annual receipts of 
a person or corporation. 

incomer ('kum-er), n. one who comes 
in ; one who succeeds another as a 
tenant. 

incoming ('kum-ing), p.adj. coming 
in ; accruing : n. the act of coming 
in ; that which comes in ; income. 

incommensurability (-kom-men-su- 
ra-bil'i-ti), n. the quality or state of 
being incommensurable. Also in- 
commensura-bleness. 

incommensurable ( 'su-ra-bl ) , adj. 
having no common measure ; having 
no common divisor except unity : n. 
one of two (or more) quantities 
that have no common measure. 

incommensurate (-rat), adj. not 
admitting of a common measure ; 
incommensurable ; not sufficient in 
measure ; inadequate. 

incommensurately (-li), adv. not 
in equal or due measure. 

incommode (-kom-od'), v.t. to give 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



inc 



446 



inc 



inconvenience or trouble to ; dis- 
turb. 

incoxximodioiis ('i-us), adj. tending 
to incommode ; troublesome ; incon- 
venient. 

imcoajffl.imiiiica'ble, ( -mu'ni - ka-bl ) , 
adj. that cannot be communicated 
or told. 

imcomparaMe (-kom'pa-ra-bl), adj. 
not admitting of comparison ; un- 
equaled ; transcendent ; peerless. 

ineomparableness (-nes), n. excel- 
lence beyond comparison. 

incomparably (-bli), adv. beyond 
comparison. 

incoiiipatiljility (-pat-i-biri-ti), n. 
irreconcilableness. Also incompat- 
ibleness. 

incompati'ble ('i-bl), adj. incapable 
of harmonious subsistence or com- 
bination ; inconsistent ; incongru- 
ous : n.pl. persons or things irrecon- 
cilably disagreeing with each other. 

incompatibly (-bli), adv. in an in- 
compatible manner. 

incompetence (-kom'pe-tens), n. in- 
ability, physical, intellectual, or 
moral ; insufficiency ; inadequacy ; 
lack of qualification or jurisdiction. 
Also incompetency. 

incompetent ('pe-tent), adj. want- 
ing ability ; inadequate ; wanting 
qualification or fitness ; incapaci- 
tated ; inadmissible. 

incomplete (-plef), adj. not fully 
finished or developed ; not having all 
its parts ; imperfect ; defective. 

incompletely ('li), at^v. imperfectly. 

incompleteness ('nes), n. imperfec- 
tion. 

incompr eliensible ( -pre-hen'si-bl ) , 
adj. illimitable ; not. to be under- 
stood or grasped by the mind; in- 
conceivable. 

incompressible (-pres'i-bl) , adj. in- 
capable of being reduced in volume 
by pressure ; resisting pressure. 

inconceivability (-kon - sev-a-bil'i- 
ti), n. the quality of being incon- 
ceivable. 

inconceivable ('a-bl), adj. incapable 
of being conceived or imagined ; in- 
credible. 

inconceivably (-bli), adv. beyond 
tjip power of conception. 



inconclusive (-kloo'siv), adj. lead- 
ing to no conclusion in evidence or 
argument ; unconvincing ; reaching 
no definite result in action ; inef- 
fective ; inefficient. 

inconclusively (-li), adv. in an in- 
conclusive manner. 

incondensible (-den'si-bl), adj. in- 
capable of being made more dense or 
compact, or of being reduced to 
liquid form. 

incongruity (-groo'i-ti), n. \_pl. in- 
congruities (-tiz)], want of mutual 
fitness ; unsuitableness of one thing 
to another. 

incongruous (-kong'groo-us), adj.. 
reciprocally disagreeing ; unsuited to 
one another ; inharmonious ; inap- 
propriate. 

inconnu (-kon-nu.'), adj. unknown: 
n. an unknown person. Feminine 
inconnue [French]. 

inconsequence ('se-kwens), n. the 
quality of being inconsequent ; want 
of logical sequence ; inconclusive- 
ness. 

inconsequent (-kwent), adj. not fol- 
lowing from the premises ; illogical ; 
out of proper relation ; irrelevant. 

inconsiderable (-sid'er-a-bl) , adj. 
not deserving consideration ; unim- 
portant. 

inconsiderably (-bli), adv. very lit- 
tle. 

inconsiderate (-sid'er-at), adj. with- 
out consideration ; thoughtless. 

inconsiderately (-li), adv. thought- 
lessly. 

inconsistency (-sis'ten-si), n. {pi. 
inconsistencies (-siz)], the quality 
of being inconsistent ; incongruity. 

inconsistent ('tent), adj. lacking 
coherence or agreement ; discrepant ; 
lacking uniformity ; self-contradict- 
ing ; incongruous. 

inconsolable (-so'la-bl), adj. not to 
be consoled or comforted. 

ineonsolably (-bli), adv. in an in- 
consolable manner or degree. 

inconspicuous (-spik'u-us), adj. not 
easily perceived ; so small as to es- 
cape notice ; hardly discernible. 

inconstancy ('stan-si), n. change- 
ableness. 

inconstant ('stant), adj. subject to 



ate, iirm, fisk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hiie, hut; think, tMn. 



447 



inc 



change ; unstable ; variable ; fickle ; 
capricious. 

incontestable (-test'a-bl), adj. not 
admitting of question or dispute ; 
incontrovertible. 

incontestably (-bli), adv. indispu- 
tably. 

incontinence ('ti-nens), n. lack of 
restraint, especially undue indul- 
gence of the sexual passions ; licen- 
tiousness ; involuntary discharge. 
Also incontinency. 

incontinent ('ti-nent), adj. unre- 
strained ; unchaste : n. an unchaste 
person. 

incontr overtibility ( -tro-ver-ti-bil '- 
i-ti), n. the state or quality of being 
incontrovertible. 

incontrovertible ( 'ti-bl ) , adj. not 
admitting of controversy ; indis- 
putable. 

incontrovertibly (-bli), adv. indis- 
putably. 

inconvenience (-ven'iens), n. want 
of convenience ; unfitness ; trouble- 
someness ; that which incommodes ; 
disadvantage. Also inconveniency : 
v.t. to put to inconvenience ; incom- 
mode ; annoy ; molest. 

inconvenient ('lent), adj. disad- 
vantageous ; inopportune ; unfit ; in- 
expedient. 

inconvertibility (-ver-ti-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being inconvertible. 

inconvertible ( 'ti-bl ) , adj. incapa- 
ble of being converted into, or ex- 
changed for, something else. 

incorporate (-kor'po-rat), v.t. to 
combine into one body ; give a body 
to ; embody ; unite ; associate ; unite 
intimately ; assimilate ; blend ; form 
into a corporation recognized by 
law : v.i. to unite with another body 
so as to form a part of it ; be mixed 
or blended with : p.adj. incorpo- 
rated ; united in one body. 

incorporation (-po-ra'shun), n. 
combination ; assimilation ; mixture ; 
formation of a body corporate ; a 
corporation. 

incorporator (-ra-ter), n. one who 
incorporates ; an original member of 
an incorporated society. 

incorporeal (-p6're-al), adj. not cor- 
poreal ; immaterial ; intangible, and 



existing only in contemplation of 
the law. 

incorporeally (-li), adv. immaterial- 
ly. 

incorrect (-kor-ekt'), adj. not ac- 
cording to model or rule ; faulty ; 
not according to fact ; inaccurate ; 
not in accordance with morality or 
good manners ; improper. 

incorrigible ('ri-ji-bl), adj. bad be- 
yond correction or amendment ;. ir- 
reclaimable. 

incorrigibleness (-nes), n. the qual- 
ity of being incorrigible. Also in- 
corrigibility. 

incorrigibly (-bli), adv. irreclaim- 
ably. 

incorrodible (-rod'i-bl), adj. in- 
capable of being corroded. 

incorrupt (-kor-upf), adj. fre*^ from 
physical or moral taint ; unim- 
paired ; upright ; especially above the 
influence of corruption or bribery ; 
honest. 

incorruptibility (-ti-bil'i-ti), n. in- 
capability of corruption. 

incorruptible ('ti-bl), adj. incapa- 
ble of physical corruption, decay, or 
dissolution ; not liable to moral per- 
version or contamination ; especially 
incapable of being bribed. 

incorruptibly (-bli), adv. in an in- 
corruptible manner. 

incorruption (-rup'shun), n. ex- 
emption from corruption. 

increase (-kres'), v.i. to become 
greater in any respect ; augment ; 
multiply ; grow ; wax, as the moon : 
v.t. to make greater in any respect ; 
enhance ; aggravate ; enlarge : n. 
(in'kres), a growing larger; that 
which is added to the original 
stock ; increment ; produce ; profit ; 
issue ; offspring ; a waxing, as of 
the moon. 

incredibility (-kred-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being incredible. Also in- 
credibleness. 

incredible ('i-bl), adj. surpassing 
belief ; hard to believe ; . unimagin- 
able ; inconceivable. 

incredibly (-bli), adv. in an incred- 
ible manner. 

incredulity (kre-dii'li-ti), n. the 
quality of being incredulous ; scep- 
ticism ; disbelief. 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; bo6n, 
book : hue, hut ; think, then. 



inc 



448 



ind 



incredulous (-kred'u-lus), adj. hard 
of belief ; sceptical ; unbelieving, 

increment ('kre-ment), n. increase; 
augmentation ; produce. 

increscent (-kres'ent), p.adj. in- 
creasing ; in heraldry, denoting the 
new moon, with the horns towards 
the dexter side. 

incriminate (-krim'i-nat), v.t. to 
charge with a crime ; criminate ; ac- 
cuse. 
incrnst (in-krust'), v.t. to cover with, 
or as with, a crust ; coat ; overlay ; 
to inlay, as mosaic, so as to form 
a decorative covering. Also en- 
crust. 

incrustate ('at), adj. covered with 
earthy matter ; growing firmly to 
the pericarp : said of seeds. 

incrustation (-krus-ta'shun), n. a 
crust ; covering ; an incrusted or in- 
laid object or substance ; a covering 
or inlaying of marble, mosaic, &c., 
attached to the masonry. 

incubate ('ku-bat), v,t. to sit upon 
(eggs) to hatch them; hatch out: 
v.i. to brood ; in medicine, to go 
through the stage of incubation. 

incubator ('ku-ba-ter), n. one who, 
or that which, incubates ; especially 
an apparatus for hatching eggs arti- 
ficially. 

incubus ('kii-bus), n. [pi. incubuses 
(-ez) incubi (-bi)], the nightmare; 
in the superstition of the middle 
ages, a demon believed to cause 
nightmare, and the birth of de- 
formed children ; a heavy weight or 
burden. 

inculcate (-kul'kat), v.t. to impress 
upon the mind by frequent admoni- 
tions. 

incuicator ('ka-ter), n. one who in- 
culcates. 

incumbency (-kum'ben-si), n. [pi. 
incumbencies (-siz)], the act or 
state of being incumbent ; full pos- 
session and exercise of any ofiice ; 
state of holding a benefice. 

incumbent ('bent), adj. lying upon; 
imposed as a duty : n. the holder of 
an office ; a clergyman in posses- 
sion of a benefice. 

incur (-ker'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. in- 
curred, p.pr. incurring], to become 



liable to, by one's own action ; con- 
tract, as a debt. 

incurability (kur-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state of being incurable. 

incurable (-kur'a-bl), adj. incapable 
of being cured ; beyond the power of 
skill or medicine ; irremediable ; in- 
corrigible : n. a person diseased be- 
yond cure. 

incurably (-bli), adv. without reme- 
dy. 

incursion (in-ker'shun), 71. an in- 
road ; raid ; invasion. 

incurvate ('vat), p.adj. bent in" 
ward ; curved. 

indebted (-det'ed), p.adj. being in 
debt ; lying under an obligation. 

indecency (-de'sen-si), n. [pi. in- 
decencies (-siz)], want of decency, 
modesty, or good manners ; that 
which is indecent, grossly vulgar, or 
obscene; in law, the public exhibi- 
tion of something indecent. 

indecent ('sent), adj. violating pro- 
priety in language ; behavior, &c. ; 
immodest ; indelicate ; obscene. 

indecision (-de-sizh'un), n. want of 
decision ; a wavering of the mind ; 
irresolution. 

indecisive (-si'siv), adj. not bring- 
ing to a decision or final issue ; in- 
conclusive. 

indecisively (-li), adv. in an inde- 
cisive manner. 

indeclinable (-kli'na-bl), adj. that 
cannot be declined, or varied by 
declension : n. a word that cannot 
be declined. 

indeclinably (~bli), adv. without de- 
clension. 

indecorous (-de-ko'rus), adj. vio- 
lating decorum, or any accepted rule 
of conduct. 

indecorum (-ko'rum), n. violation 
of decorum or propriety ; breach of 
etiquette or civility. 

indeed (-ded'), adv. in fact; in truth. 

indef atigability ( -de-f at-i-ga-bil'i- 
ti), n. the quality of being indefati- 
gable. 

indefatigable ('i-ga-bl), adj. not to 
be v/earied out ; not yielding to 
fatigue ; unremitting in labor or ef- 
fort. 

iadefatigably (-bli), adv. without 
yielding to fatigue ; persistently. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
book-; hue, hut; think, then. 



ind 



449 



ind 



indefeasibility (-de-fe-zi-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being indefeasible. 

indefeasible ('zi-bl), adj. not to be 
defeated or made void, as a title. 

indefeasibly (-bli), adv. so as not 
to be set aside or made void. 

indefectible (-fek'ti-bl), adj. subject 
to no defect, failure, or decay. 

indefensible (-fen'si-bl), adj. that 
cannot be defended, maintained, or 
justified. 

indefensibly (-bli), adv. so as to ad- 
mit of no defense. 

indefinable (-fi'na-bl), adj. that can- 
not be defined. 

indefinably (-bli), adv. in an inde- 
finable manner. 

indefinite (-def'i-nit), adj. not de- 
fined ; not precise ; vague ; having 
no particular limit ; large beyond the 
comprehension of man, though not 
absolutely infinite ; too numerous or 
variable to be easily counted ; inde- 
terminate in logical quantity. 

indefinitely (-li), adv. to an indef- 
inite degree ; without determinate 
limitation. 

indelibility (-del-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being indelible. 

indelible ('i-bl), adj. not to be blot- 
ted out, effaced, or obliterated. 

indelibly (-bli), adv. so as to be in- 
delible. 

indelicacy (-del'i-ka-si), n. [pi. in- 
delicacies (-siz)l, want of delicacy; 
that which is offensive to modesty 
or refined taste. 

indelicate ('i-kat), adj. offensive to 
modesty or propriety ; coarse ; in- 
decent. 

indelicately (-li), adv. in an indeli- 
cate manner. 

indemnification (-dem-ni-fi-ka'- 
shun), n. the act of securing against 
loss ; reimbursement of loss. 
' indemnify ('ni-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
[ indemnified, p.pr. indemnifying], to 
I secure or insure against loss or dam- 
i age ; reimburse. 

indemnity ('ni-ti), n. [pi. indemni- 
ties (-tiz)], security against loss, 
damage, or punishment ; compensa- 
tion for loss. 

indent (-dent'), v.t. to make a dent 
or depression in ; dent ; cut into 



points like teeth ; notch ; bind out 
by indenture, as an apprentice : n. 
a notch in the margin ; a covenant. 

indentation (-den-ta'shun), n. a 
small hollow or depression, as from 
a blow ; a dent or dint ; a notch or 
recess in a margin. 

indented ('ted), p.adj. notched in 
the margin like a row of teeth ; ziz- 
zag ; in heraldry, notched or ser- 
rated. 

indenture ('ttir), n. a covenant or 
deed, formerly in duplicate, with the 
edges notched so as to correspond : 
v.t. to bind by indenture, as an ap- 
prentice. 

independence (-de-pend'ans) , n. free- 
dom from support or governance by 
others ; a competency ; self-reliance. 

Independence Day (da), July 4, 
the anniversary of the Declaration 
of Independence, observed as a na- 
tional holiday. 

independency ('en-si), n. independ- 
ence ; the principles of the Independ- 
ents. 

independent ('ent), adj. not de- 
pendent, supported by, or governed 
by, another ; having a competency ; 
not subject to bias or influence ; 
free ; irrespective : n. one who sup- 
ports measures or men independent- 
ly of any organized party. 

indestructibility ( -struk-ti-bil'i-ti ) , 
n. incapability of being destroyed. 

indestructible ('ti-bl), adj. not to 
be destroyed. 

indestructibly (-bli), adv. so as to 
be indestructible. 

indeterminate (-ter'min-at), adj. 
not determinate, settled, or fixed ; 
indefinite ; not precise ; having an 
indefinite number of values or solu« 
tions. 

indeterminately (-li), adv. indefi- 
nitely. 

index ('deks), n. [pi. indexes (-ez), 
indices ('di-sez)], that which points 
out or indicates ; an alphabetical 
table of the contents of a book ; the 
figure or letter which shows the 
power or root of a quantity ; the ex- 
ponent : v.t. provide with an index. 

index-finger (-fing'ger), n. the fore- 
finger. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ind 



450 



ind 



Indiaman ( ' di-a-man ) , n. [pi. In- 
diamen (-men)], a large vessel for- 
merly employed in the India trade. 

Indian ('di-an), adj. pertaining to 
the Indies, to the West Indies or to 
the American Indians ; made of 
maize or Indian corn : n. an East 
Indian, West Indian or Anglo-In- 
dian ; one of the aborigines of Amer- 
ica, or a Red Indian. 

Indian corn (korn), n. a native 
American plant, known as maize. 

Indian-file (-fil), n. single file. 

Indian red (red), n. a silicate of 
iron, imported from the Persian 
Gulf. 

india-rubber ( 'di-a-rub'er ) , n. caout- 
chouc. 

Indian summer (sum'er), n. sum- 
mer-like weather, with calm and ab- 
sence of rain, occurring in autumn. 

Indian yellow (yel'o), n. a bright 
yellow pigment. 

indican (in'di-kan), n. a substance 
obtained from the various indigo- 
producing plants, decomposing, by 
the action of acids, into sugar, in- 
digo-blue, indigo-red, and indiglucin. 

indicant ('di-kant), adj. indicating: 
n. that which points out a remedy 
for a disease. 

indicate ('di-kat), v.t. to point out; 
show ; suggest ; hint ; point out, as 
a remedy. 

indication (-ka'shun), w. the act of 
indicating; that which indicates; 
information ; token ; evidence ; sign ; 
symptom. 

indicative (-dik'a-tiv), adj. pointing 
out ; bringing to notice ; noting that 
mood of the verb which indicates, 
predicates, or affirms : n. the indica- 
tive mood. 

indicatively (-li), adv. so as to in- 
dicate. 

indicator ('di-ka-ter), n. one who, or 
that which, indicates ; the part of 
an instrument by which an effect is 
indicated, especially an apparatus 
for ascertaining and recording the 
variations of pressure or vacuum in 
the cylinder of a steam engine. 

indicatory (-ka-to-ri), adj. serving 

to indicate. 
indict (-dit'), v.t. to charge with a 



crime, by the presentment of a grand 
jury. 

indictable ('a-bl), adj. liable to be 
indicted ; punishable. 

indicter ('er), w. one who indicti 
Also indictor. 

indictment ('ment), n. a written 
accusation against a prisoner pre- 
sented by a grand jury to a court. 

indifference (-dif'er-ens), n. the 
state of being indifferent ; impartial- I 
ity ; absence of preference or in- 
terest ; unconcernedness ; unimpor- 
tance ; condition of being indifferent 
in character or quality ; mediocrity. 

indifferent ('er-ent), adj. uncon- 
cerned ; unimportant ; mediocre ; re- 
gardless. 

indigence ('di-jens), n. the state of 
being indigent ; poverty ; want. Also 
indigency. 

indigene ('di-jen), n. a native; 
aborigine. 

indigenous (-dij'e-nus), adj. born or 
produced in a country ; not exotic ; 
not imported ; innate ; inherent ; 
native, 

indigent ('di-jent), adj. destitute; 
needy. 

indigested (-jest'ed), adj. undi- 
gested, as food ; crude ; not softened 
by heat. 

indigestibility (-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being indigestible. 

indigestible (-jesf'i-bl), adj. not di- 
gestible, physically or mentally. 

indigestibly (-bli), adv. so as not 
to be digested. 

indigestion (-jes'chun), n. difficulty 
in digesting food ; dyspepsia. 

indignant (-dig'nant), adj. affected 
with indignation ; inflamed with 
mingled anger and disdain. 

indignation (-na'shun), n. anger at 
what is unworthy, unjust, dishonor- 
able, or base ; anger mingled with 
contempt or disgust. 

indignity (-dig'ni-ti), n. [pi. indig- 
nities (-tiz)], an action intended to 
lower the dignity of another ; insult. 

indigo ('di-go), n. a blue dye-stuff 
obtained from the indigo plant by 
decomposition of the glucoside in- 
dican. 

indirect (-di-rekt'), adj. not straight 



ate, iirm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ind 



451 



ind 



or rectilinear ; not directly result- 
ing from a cause ; not reaching the 
end aimed at by the most direct 
method ; not straightforward or fair 

indiscreet (-dis-kref), adj. wanting 
in discretion ; imprudent. 

indiscretion (-dis-kresh'un), n. want 
of discretion ; imprudence ; an im- 
prudent act. 

indiscriminate (-krim'i-nat), adj. 
undistinguisLmg ; promiscuous. 

indiscriminately (-li), adv. without 
distinction. 

indis criminative ( -krim'in-a-tiv ) , 
adj. making no distinction. 

indispensability (-pens-a-bil'i-ti) , n. 
incapability of being dispensed with. 

indispensable ('a-bl), adj. that can- 
not be dispensed with ; absolutely 
necessary. 

indispensably (-bli), adv. unavoid- 
ably. 

indispose (-dis-poz'J, v.t. to disin- 
cline ; unfit. 

indisposed (-pozd'), adj. slightly ill 
in health ; disinclined. 

indisposition (-po-zish'un), n. slight 
illness ; disinclination. 

indispntability (-pu-ta-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being indisputable. 

indisputable ('ta-bl), adj. too evi- 
dent to admit of dispute ; unques- 
tionable. 

indisputably (-bli), adv. unques- 
tionably. 

indissolubility ( o-lu-bil'i-ti ) , n. in- 
capability of being dissolved or lique- 
fied ; perpetuity of obligation. 

indissoluble ('o-lu-bl), adj. not dis- 
soluble or dissolvable. 

indistinct (-dis-tingkt'), adj. not 
distinct to the senses or the mind ; 
undefined ; indefinite ; confused. 

indistinguisbable ( -ting'gwish-a- 
bl), adj. incapable of being distin- 
guished, discriminated, or perceived. 

indistinguisbably (-bli), adv. so as 
not to be distinguished. 

indite (-dit'), v.t. to compose; write. 

indium ('di-um), n. a rare metallic 
element found in zinc-blende. 

individual (-di-vij'u-al), adj. exist- 
ing as a single indivisible entity ; 
pertaining to, or characteristic of, a 
single person or thing : n. a single 
person, animal, or thing. 



individualize ('u-al-iz), v.t. to in- 
vest with individuality ; distinguish. 

individualism (-izm-), n. the qual- 
ity of being individual ; a social 
system in which each individual 
works for himself alone ; the theory 
of government which discountenances 
the interference of the state in the 
affairs of the individual. 

individualist (-ist), n. one who 
holds the theory of individualism : 
adj. individualistic. 

individualistic (-is'tik), adj. per- 
taining to individualism or to indi- 
vidualists. 

individuality (-al'i-ti), n. the con- 
dition of being inf^ividual ; separate 
or distinct existence ; distinctive 
character. 

individually (-li), adv. separately; 
personally. 

individuate ('u-at), v.t. to mark as 
distinct. 

indivisibility (-viz-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
property of being indivisible. 

indivisible ( 'i-bl ) , not separable into 
parts : n. that which is indivisible ; 
an element, infinitely small, assumed 
to admit of no further division. 

indi visibly (-bli), adv. so as to be 
incapable of division. 

Indo, a prefix meaning connected 
with India, as 7w(Zo-Chinese, pertain- 
ing to Indo-China. 

indocile (in-dos'il), adj. unteach- 
able ; intractable. 

indocility (-do-sil'i-ti), n. the qual- 
ity of being indocile. 

indoctrinate (-dok'tri-nat), v.t. to 
imbue with learning, principles, or 
doctrines. 

Indo-£uropean (-do-ti-ro-pe'an) ,ad;. 
pertaining to the family of Aryan 
languages extending from India over 
Europe. 

indolence ('do-lens), n. love of 
ease ; indisposition to labor ; lazi- 
ness ; supineness, 

indolent (-lent), adj. indulging in 
ease ; avoiding labor ; lazy. 

indomitable (-dom'i-ta-bl), adj. un- 
tamable ; irrepressible ; invincible. 

indorse (-dors'), v.t. to write on the 
back of, as a check, &c. ; sanction; 
approve. Also endorse. 



ate, arm, ask, a<-, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ind 



452 



ine 



indorsee (-e'), n. a person to whom 
a check, &c., is indorsed or assigned, 

indorsement ('ment), n. the act of 
writing on the back of a check, «S:c. ; 
that which is so written ; approval ; 
sanction. 

indorser ('er), n. one who indorses. 
Also indorsor. 

indubitable (-du'bi-ta-bl), adj. too 
evident to be doubted ; unquestion- 
able. 

indubitably (-bli), adv. beyond 
doubt. 

induce (dus'), v.t. to lead on; in- 
fluence ; prevail upon ; bring on ; ef- 
fect ; cause ; to infer by induction ; 
produce by magnetic or electric in- 
duction. 

induced (-dust'), p. adj. caused by 
induction. 

inducement (-dus'ment), n. that 
which induces ; motive ; in pleading, 
an introductory statement. 

inducible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
being induced, caused, or inferred. 

induct (-dukt'), v.t. to introduce; 
install into an office ; put into pos- 
session of a benefice. 

inductance ('tans), n. the capacity 
for induction possessed by an active 
electric circuit on itself, or on 
neighboring circuits. 

induction (-duk'shun), n. the act of 
inducting; the introduction of a 
person into an office ; the introduc- 
tion of a clergyman into a benefice ; 
the process of discovering and prov- 
ing general propositions from par- 
ticular cases ; conclusion drawn 
from a process of induction ; elec- 
trical or magnetic influence without 
direct contact. 

inductional ('shun-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or produced by, induction ; 
inductive. 

inductive ('tiv), adj. proceeding by 
induction ; producing indaction ; 
operating by induction; susceptible 
of being acted on by induction. 

inductive pbilosopby (fil-os'o-fi), 
n. the name given by Bacon to ex- 
perimental science, or science found- 
ed on induction. 

inductive science (si'ens), n. any 
branch of science which admits of, 



and employs, the inductive method. 

inductivity (-tiv'i-ti), n. specific in- 
ductive capacity. 

inductometer (-tom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring the degree 
or rate of electric induction. 

inductor ('ter), n. one who inducts; 
that part of an electric apparatus 
which acts inductively. 

indue (-dti'), v.t. to clothe or invest; 
furnish ; supply ; endow. 

indulge (-dulj'), v.t. to be kind or 
complaisant to ; humor ; give free 
course to : v.i. to gratify one's self. 

indulgence ('ens), n. forbearance 
from restraint or control ; permis- 
sion ; license ; gratification ; excess ; 
forbearance of present payment ; 
toleration. 

indulgent ('ent), adj. disposed to 
indulge ; compliant ; showing favor ; 
kind. 

indulgently (-li), adv. with indul- 
gence. 

induline ('du-lin), n. a coal-tar dye- 
stuff of a dark blue color. Also in- 
dulin. 

indurate ('du-rat), v.i. to grow 
hard : v.t. to make hard ; render un- 
feeling or obdurate. 

industrial (-dus'tri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to productive industry. 

industrialism ('tri-al-izm), n. a 
state of society marked by the pre- 
dominance of industrial pursuits. 

industrially (-li), adv. with refer- 
ence to industry or industrialism. 

industrious ('tri-us), adj. character- 
ized by diligence or industry ; hard- 
working. 

industry ('dus-tri), n. [pi. industries 
(-triz)], steady application to busi- 
ness or labor ; productive labor ; an 
industrial art ; a particular branch 
of work or trade. 

inebriate (-e'bri-at), v.t. to make 
drunk ; intoxicate ; intoxicate men- 
tally or emotionally : n. an habitual 
drunkard. 

inebriation (-a'shun), jt. intoxica- 
tion. 

inebriety (-bri'e-ti), n. intoxication, 
especially habitual drunkenness. 

ineffable (-ef'a-bl), adj. unspeaka- 
ble ; inexpressible ; too sacred for 
utterance. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl: me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book: hue, hut; think, then. 



ine 



453 



ine 



ineffableness (-nes), n. unspeakable- 

ness. 

ineffably (-bli), adv. unspeakably. 

ineffective (-ef-ekt'iv), adj. not pro- 
ducing the desired effect ; ineffectual. 

ineffectively (-li), adv. without ef- 
fect. 

ineffectual ('u-al), adj. not produc- 
ing the desired effect ; unavailing. 

ineffectually (-li), adv. in vain. 

inefficacy (-ef'i-ka-si), n. lack of ef- 
ficacy. 

inefficiency (-ish'en-si), n. incompe- 
tency. 

inefficient ('ent), adj. not producing, 
or not capable of producing, the de- 
sired effect ; incapable. 

inelegance (-el'e-gans), n. [pi. inele- 
gances (-gan-sez)], want of any 
quality required by good taste ; some- 
thing inelegant. 

inelegant ('e-gknt) , adj. offensive to 
good taste. 

ineligibility (-el-i-ji-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being ineligible. 

ineligible ('i-ji-bl), adj. unworthy of 
choice ; unsuitable ; legally disqual- 
ified for choice or election. 

ineligibly (-bli), adv. in an ineligi- 
ble manner. 

ineptly (-ept'li), adv. unsuitably; 
foolishly. 

inequality (-e-kwal'i-ti), n. [pi. ine- 
qualities (-tiz)], difference, especial- 
ly of rank or station ; unevenness ; 
changeableness ; inadequacy ; devia- 
tion of a planet or satellite from its 
uniform mean motion, 

inequitable (-ek'wi-ta-bl), adj. not 
according to equity ; unjust. 

inequitably (-bli), adv. unjustly; 
unfairly. 

inequity ( 'wi-ti ) , n. lack of equity ; 
injustice. 

inert (-ert'), adj. having no power 
of motion or action ; lifeless ; slug- 
gish. 

inertia (-er'shi-a), n. lack of activ- 
ity ; inertness ; sluggishness ; that 
property of matter by virtue of 
which it tends to remain at rest, if 
resting, or to more uniformly in a 
straight line, if moving {vis iner- 
Uce). 

inestimable (-es'ti-ma-bl), adj. not 



to be estimated ; beyond measure or 
price ; incalculable ; invaluable. 

inestimably (-bli), adv. above esti- 
mation. 

inevitability (-ev-i-ta-bil'i-ti), n. 
impossibility of being avoided. Also 
inevitableness. 

inevitable (-ev'i-ta-bl), adj. not to 
be evaded ; unavoidable. 

inevitably (-bli), adv. unavoidably. 

inexact (-egz-akf), adj. not precise, 
correct, accurate, or punctual, 

inexactness (-nes), n. want of pre- 
cision. 

inexcusable (-eks-ku'za-bl), adj. in- 
capable of being excused ; unpardon- 
able. 

inexcusably (-bli), adv. without ex- 
cuse. 

inexhaustible C-egs-awst'i-bl), adj. 
not to be exhausted or spent; un- 
failing ; unwearied. 

inexhaustibly (-bli), adv. in an in- 
exhaustible manner or degree. 

inexorability (-eks-o-ra-bil'i-ti), n. 
incapability of being moved by 
prayers. Also inexorableness, 

inexorable ('5-ra-bl), adj. not to be 
moved by prayers ; unyielding ; un- 
relenting. 

inexorably (-bli), adv. infiexibly. 

inexpediency (-pe'di-en-si) , n. un- 
suitableness ; inadvisability. Also 
inexpedience. 

inexpedient ('di-ent), adj. unsuita- 
ble to circumstances ; inadvisable. 

inexpensive (-pen'siv), adj. cheap» 

inexperience (-pe'ri-ens), n. want 
of experience, or of the knowledge 
that comes by experience, 

inexperienced (-enst), adj. lacking 
experience ; unpracticed ; unskilled ; 
unversed. 

inexpert (-pert'), adj. unskilled; 
lacking the knowledge or dexterity 
derived from practice. 

inexpiable ('pi-a-bl), adj. that can- 
not be expiated, atoned for, or sat- 
isfied, 

inexplicable ( 'pli-ka-bl ) , adj. not to 
be explained, made plain, or intelli- 
gible ; not to be interpreted or ac- 
counted for, 

inexplicably (-bli), adv. so as not 
to be explained. 



ate, arm, fisk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
• book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



454 



inf 



inexplosive (-plo'siv), adj. not lia- 
ble to explode. 

inexpressible (-pres'i-bl), adj. inca- 
pable of being expressed, uttered, or 
described, 

inexpressibly (-bli), adv. unspeaka- 
bly. 

inexpressive (-pres'iv), adj. lacking 
expression or distinct significance. 

inextensibility (-ten-si-bil'i-ti) , n. 
the quality of being inextensible. 

inextensible ('si-bl), adj. that can- 
not be extended or stretched. 

inextinguishable ( -ting'gwish-a-bl ) , 
adj. unquenchable. 

inextinguishably (-bli), adv. so as 
not to be extinguished. 

inextricable ( 'tri-ka-bl ) , adj. not ex- 
tricable ; not permitting extrication ; 
not to be freed from intricacy or 
perplexity. 

inextricably (-bli), adv. beyond dis- 
entanglement. 

infallibility (-bil'i-ti), n. the qual- 
ity of being infallible. 

infallible (-fal'i-bl), adj. incapable 
of erring ; unerring ; certain ; un- 
failing. 

infallibly (-bli), adv. without error 
or failure. 

infamous ('fa-mus), adj. having a 
notoriously bad reputation ; odious ; 
scandalous. 

infamously (-li), adv. shamefully; 
wickedly. 

infamy ('fa-mi), n. infamous charac- 
ter ; public disgrace ; ignominy. 

infancy ('fan-si), n. the state of be- 
ing an infant ; early childhood ; the 
first age of anything; in law, the 
period of life from birth to the age 
of twenty-one. 

infant ('fant) , n. a young child ; pop- 
ularly a child under two years ; in 
law, a person who has not attained 
his legal majority, or the age of 
twenty-one: adj. pertaining to in- 
fancy, or to the legal period of in- 
fancy ; infantile ; incipient. 

infanticidal Cti-si-dal), adj. pertain- 
ing to infanticide. 

infanticide ('ti-sid), n. the murder 
of an infant born alive; one who 
kills an infant. 

infantile ('fan-til), a dj. pertaining 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl 



to infants or infancy ; child-like ; 
childish. 

infantry ('fan-tri), n. foot soldiers, 
except engineers and men of the 
army service corps. 

inf are ('far), n. a housewarming. 

infatuate (-fat'u-at), v.t. to make 
extravagantly foolish ; to inspire 
with fatuous passion. 

infatuation (-u-a'shun), n. extrava- 
gant folly ; fatuous passion. 

infect (-fekt'), v.t. to communicate 
some (especially bad) quality to; 
taint, especially with disease, physi- 
cal or moral. 

infection (-fek'sbun), n. the act of 
infecting ; that which infects ; con- 
taminating ; taint ; communication 
of disease from the sick to the 
healthy ; an infectious disease. 

infectious ('shus), adj. communica* 
ble by infection ; sympathetic ; com- 
municating infection ; demoralizing. 

infecundity (-fe-kun'di-ti), n. bar- 
renness. 

infelicitous (-fe-lis'i-tus), adj. un- 
fortunate ; unhappy ; inappropriate ; 
ill-timed. 

infelicity (-lis'i-ti), n. [pi. infelici- 
ties (-tiz)], misfortune; unhappi- 
ness ; inappropriateness ; an infelici- 
tous act or expression. 

infelt ('felt), adj. felt within; heart- 
felt. 

infer (-fer'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. inferred. 
p.pr. inferring], to derive by induc- 
tion or deduction ; accept as a fact 
or consequence ; imply : v.i. to con- 
clude. 

inferable ('a-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing inferred. 

inference ('fer-ens), n. the act of in- 
ferring ; the conclusion ; deduction ; 
induction. 

inferential (-en'shal), adj. having 
the nature of an inference ; deduced 
by inference. 

inferentially (-li), adv. by way of 
inference. 

inferior ('ri-er), adj. lower in place, 
rank, or quality ; secondary ; subor- 
dinate ; between the earth and the 
sun : below the horizon ; growing be- 
low another organ : n. one who ranks 
below another ; a subordinate. 



me, merge, met; mite, mit ; 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



note, north, not; boon, 



inf 



455 



inf 



inferiority (-ri-or'i-ti), n. lower state 
or quality. 

infernal (-fer'nal), adj. pertaining 
to the Tartarus of the ancients, the 
lower regions, or regions of the 
dead ; pertaining to or resembling 
hell ; hellish ; diabolical ; fiendish ; 
outrageous. 

infernally (-li), adv. in an infernal 
manner. 

infernal macliine (ma-shen'), n. an 
apparatus maliciously designed to 
explode to the destruction of life or 
property. 

inferno ('no), n. [pi. inferni ('ne)], 
a place or position of torment. 

infest (-fesf), v.t. to attack; haunt; 
overrun. 

infidel ('fi-del), adj. rejecting all re- 
ligion ; rejecting a religion which 
claims to be divinely revealed, espe- 
cially the Christian religion ; mani- 
festing unbelief : n. one who rejects 
Christianity as a divine revelation ; 
formerly, a Mohammedan, Jew, or 
heathen. 

infidelity (-del'i-ti), n. [pi. infideli- 
ties (-tiz)], disbelief in all religion, 
especially disbelief in Christianity ; 
breach of trust ; violation of the 
marriage contract by adultery. 

infield ('feld), n. in baseball, the 
space within the base line, 30 yds. 
X 30 yds. 

infiltration (-fil-tra'shun), n. the act 
of infiltrating ; that which infil- 
trates ; morbid condition of an organ 
due to accumulation of substances 
introduced from without. 

infinite ('fi-nit), adj. indefinitely ex- 
tensive ; immeasurable : n. the Infi- 
nite Being ; the Absolute ; the Un- 
conditioned ; a quantity greater or 
less than any assignable quantity of 
the same kind ; an indeterminate. 

infinitely (-li), adv. beyond any con- 
ceivable degree ; vastly. 

infiniteness (-nes), n. infinity; im- 
mensity. 

infinitesimal (-fin-i-tes'i-mal), adj. 
infinitely small : n. a quantity less 
than any assignable quantity. 

infinitesimally (-li), adv. by infini- 
tesimals ; in infinitely small quanti- 
ties ; in an infinitesimal degree. 

infinitive (-fin'i-tiv), adj. the term 



applied to that verb-form which sim- 
ply expresses the general sense of 
the verb without limitation to person 
or number : n. the infinitive mood ; a 
verb in the infinitive mood. 

infinitude ('i-tud)_, n. the state of 
being infinite ; unlimited extent ; in- 
finity. 

infinity ('i-ti), n. [pi. infinities 
(-tiz)], the state of being infinite; 
unlimited extent of time, space, or 
quantity ; absolute perfection ; an 
infinite quantity. 

infirm (-ferm'), adj. feeble in body 
or health ; weak-minded ; vacillat- 
ing ; insecure ; debilitated ; irreso- 
lute ; precarious. 

infirmary ('ma-ri), n. [pi. infirma- 
j ries (-riz)], a hospital for the sick 
j and injured. 

infirmity ('mi-ti), n. [pi. infirmities 

I (-tiz)], the state of being infirm; 

debility ; imbecility ; weakness of 

I body or of mind ; malady ; failing ; 

I foible. 

infix (-fiks'}, v.t. to fix or fasten in; 
implant; insert: (in'fiks) n. some- 
thing infixed ; an element equivalent 
to a prefix or suffix inserted in the 
body of a word. 

inflame (-flam'), v.t. to set on fire; 
fire with passion ; excite ; provoke ; 
irritate ; put into a state of inflam- 
mation : v.i. to become inflamed. 

inflamed (-flamd'), p.adj. heated; ex- 
asperated ; in heraldry, represented 
as burning, or decorated with tongues 
of flame. 

inflammability (-flam-a-bil'i-ti) , n, 
the quality or state of being inflam- 
mable. 

inflammable ('a-bl), adj. easily set 
on flame ; combustible ; easily ex- 
cited ; excitable. 

inflammably (-bli), adv. in an in- 
flammable manner. 

inflammation (-a'shun), n. a mor- 
bid process, characterized, when ex- 
ternal, by pain, redness, heat, and 
swelling. 

inflammatory ('a-to-ri), adj. tend- 
ing to excite passion, tumult, or se- 
dition ; tending to produce, accompa- 
nied by, or indicative of, inflamma- 
tion. 



^ ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 

book; htie, hut; think, then^ 



inf 



456 



inf 



inflatable (-flat'a-bl), adj. capable of 
being inflated. 

reflate (-flat'), v.t. to swell, or dis- 
tend, with air or gas ; puff up ; 
elate ; expand or raise artificially, as 
prices. 

inflationist (-fla'shun-ist), n. one in 
favor of an increased issue of paper 
money. 

inflator ('ter), n. a mechanical appli- 
ance for producing inflation. 

inflatus (-fla'tus), n. inspiration; af- 
flatus. 

inflect (flekt'), v.t. bend; turn from 
a direct line ; modulate ; vary the 
terminations of ; decline ; conjugate : 
v.i. to undergo grammatical change 
of termination. 

inflected ('ed), p.adj. bent or turned 
from a direct line or course ; having 
inflections ; bent or turned inward 
or downward, 

inflection (-flek'shun), n. a bend or 
bending ; modulation of the voice ; 
variation of nouns, verbs, &c., by 
declension and conjugation ; diffrac- 
tion of light or heat. Also inflexion. 

inflectional (-al), adj. exhibiting 
grammatical inflections. Also in- 
flexional. 

inflective (-flek'tiv), adj. capable of 
bending. 

inflex (fleks'), v.t. to inflect; curve 
inward. 

inflexibility (-fleks-i-bil'i-ti), n. in- 
capability of being bent; stiffness; 
obstinacy. 

inflexible ('i-bl), adj. not to be bent ; 
rigid; stiff; not to be moved by 
prayers ; inexorable ; not to be varied 
or changed ; unalterable ; stubborn. 

inflexibleness (-nes), n. the quality 
of being inflexible. 

inflexibly (-bli), adv. rigidly; inex- 
orably. 

inflict (-flikf), v.t. to cause by, or as 
if by, striking ; cause to be suffered ; 
impose as a punishment. 

inflorescence (-flo-res'ens), n. the 
mode or principle of floral arrange- 
ment exhibited by any species of 
plant ; a group of flowers arising 
upon a common main axis. 

influence ('flu-ens), n. energy or po- 
tency tending to produce effects in- 



sensibly and invisibly ; power arising 
from character or station ; electrical 
induction : v.t. to exercise influence 
on, physically or morally. 

influential (-flu-en'shal), «(?;. having 
or exerting influence. 

influentially (-li), adv. so as to in- 
fluence. 

influenza (-flu-en'za), n. an epidemic 
catarrh accompanied by fever, pains, 
and nervous prostration. 

influx ('fluks) , n. an inflow ; infusion ; 
continuous importation ; the point at 
which a stream flows into another or 
into the sea. 

inform (-form'), v.t. to animate; 
mold ; instruct ; apprise : v.i. to give 
information. 

informal ( 'al ) , adj. not according to 
form, custom, or rule ; irregular ; un- 
ceremonious ; deficient in legal form. 

informality ('i-ti), n. [pZ. informali- 
ties (-tiz)], want of regular, custo- 
mary, or legal form. 

informally (-li), adv. in an informal 
manner. 

informant ('ant), n. one who gives 
information. 

information (for-ma'shun), n. com- 
municated knowledge or intelligence ; 
a suit instituted on behalf of the 
government ; a declaration made be- 
fore a magistrate to induce him to 
issue a summons or warrant. 

informer (-form'er), n. one who in- 
forms a magistrate of a violation of 
the law, or sues for a penalty under 
some statute. 

infra, a prefix, meaning telow, fur- 
ther on, as iw/ra-axillary, situated 
below the axil. 

infraction (-frak'shun), n. a viola- 
tion, or breach, especially of law; 
infringement. 

infrangible (-fran'ji-bl), adj. that 
cannot be broken, separated, or vio- 
lated ; inviolable. 

infrequence (-fre'kwens), n. the 
state of being infrequent ; rareness. 
Also infrequency. 

infrequent ('kwent), adj. seldom oc- 
curring. 

infringe (-frinj'), v.t. to violate or 
break, as a law : v.i. to encroach : 
followed by on or upon. 

infringement ('ment), n. violation 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



inf 



457 



ini 



or breach, as of a law, patent, trade- 
mark, &c. 

infuriate (-fu'ri-at), v.t. to enrage; 
madden. 

infuse (-fuz'), v.t. to introduce, as by 
pouring ; instil ; make an infusion of. 

infusibility (-i-bil'i-ti) , n. capability 
of infusion. 

infusible (-fuz'i-bl), adj. capable of 
being infused. 

infusion (-fu'zhun), n. a pouring in, 
or something poured in or mingled ; 
instillation, as of good principles ; a 
liquid extract obtained by steeping 
a vegetable substance in hot or cold 
water without boiling. 

ingate ('gat), n. the aperture in a 
mold through which the melted met- 
al enters. 

ingenious (je'nius), adj. having in- 
genuity or inventive skill ; clever. 

ingenue ( ang-zha-noo' ) , n. an artless 
girl or young woman ; an actress 
who acts such a character in a play. 

ingenuity (in-je-nu'i-ti), n. clever- 
ness in contriving or inventing ; skill. 

ingenuous (in-jen'u-us), adj. frank: 
open ; sincere ; artless ; candid. 

inglorious (-glo'ri-us), adj. without 
glory ; disgraceful ; shameful. 

ingot ('got), n. a cast mass of metal, 

ingrain (-gran'), v.t. to dye with 
grain or kermes ; dye with any deep, 
lasting color ; impregnate deeply : 
adj. (in'gran), dyed prior to being 
manufactured: n. (in'gran), a car- 
pet made of cotton warps and wool 
filling. 

ingratiate (-gra'shi-at), v.t. to in- 
sinuate (one's self) into the favor of 
another ; secure favorable reception 
for ( with into ) . 

ingratitude (-grat'i-ttid), n. absence 
of gratitude ; insensibility to kind- 
ness. 

ingredient (-gre'di-ent), n. a compo- 
nent part of a compound body ; part. 

•ingress ('gres), n. entrance. 

ingulf, same as engulf. 

inhabit (-hab'it), v.t. to dwell in; 
occupy as a place of residence : v.i. 
to reside ; remain. 

inhabitable ('it-a-bl), adj. fit for 
habitation, 

inhabitance ('it-ans), n, occupancy ; 
residence. Also inhabitancy. 



inhabitant ('it-ant), n. one who, or 
that which, inhabits ; a permanent 
resident, 

inhabitation (-i-ta'shun), n. the act 
of inhabiting ; continu£d residence, 

inhalant (-ha'lant), n. an apparatus 
for inhaling ; that which is inhaled. 

inhalation (-la'shun), n. the act of 
inhaling ; inspiration. 

inhale (-hal'), v.t. to draw into the 
lungs. 

inharmonious (-har-mo'ni-us), adj, 
unmusical ; discordant. 

inhere (-her'), v.i. to be fixed or exist 
in something else ; be an essential 
part of. 

inherence ('ens), n. the state of be- 
ing inherent. Also inherency. 

inherent Cent), adj. existing insep- 
arably in something else ; innate. 

inherit (-her'it), v.t. to possess from 
an ancestor by right of succession ; 
receive by nature from one's ances- 
tors ; become divinely endowed with : 
v.i. to come into possession of prop- 
erty as the heir, 

inheritance (-ans), n. the act of in- 
heriting ; that which is inherited ; a 
possession, 

inhibit (-hib'it), v.t. to restrain ; pro- 
hibit ; interdict; prohibit (a priest) 
from exercising his spiritual func- 
tions, 

inhospitable (-hos'pi-ta-bl), adj. not 
hospitable ; affording no shelter ; 
barren ; cheerless, 

inhuman (-hti'man), adj. crjiel ; un- 
feeling. 

inhumanity (-man'i-ti), n. [pi. in- 
humanities (-tiz)], the quality of 
being inhuman ; cruelty. 

inhume (-hum'), v.t. to bury; inter, 

inimical (-im'i-kal), adj. hostile; ad- 
verse. 

inimically (-li), adv. hostilely ; ad- 
versely. 

inimitable ('i-ta-bl), adj. matchless. 

inimitably (-bli), adv. in an inimi- 
table manner. 

iniquitous (-ik'kwi-tus) , adj. wicked ; 
unjust. 

iniquity ('kwi-ti), n. [pi. iniquities 
(-tiz)], wickedness; injustice; un- 
righteousness ; crime ; evil. 

initial (-ish'al), adj. placed at the 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ini 



458 



inn 



beginning ; incipient : n. a letter 
placed at the beginning of a word, 
&c. : pi. the first letters of a per- 
son's name placed separately : v.t. to 
mark with an initial. 

initiate ('i-at), v.t. to instruct in the 
first principles of anything ; set on 
foot ; bring in ; acquaint with mys- 
teries or secrets. 

initiation (-i-a'shun), n. the act of 
initiating ; formal admission. 

initiative ('i-a-tiv), adj. introduc- 
tory : 11. an introductory or first 
step ; power of commencing, espe- 
cially legislative projects. 

initiator ('i-a-ter), n. one who ini- 
tiates. 

initiatory ('i-a-to-ri), adj. introduc- 
tory. 

inject (-jekf), v.t. to throw or cast 
in ; introduce, as a liquid, by me- 
chanical means. 

inj^ecta (-jek'ta), n.pZ. things injected. 

injector ('ter), n. one who, or that 
which, injects, especially an appa- 
ratus for filling the boilers of steam- 
engines with water. 

injudicious (-ju-dish'us), adj. not 
judicious ; indiscreet ; unwise. 

injunction (-jungk'shun), n. the act 
of enjoining ; that which is enjoined ; 
command, order, or precept ; a writ 
of equity or prohibition to restrain 
certain proceedings. 

injure ('jur), v.t. to hurt; harm; 
damage, physically or morally. 

injurious (-joo'ri-us), adj. hurtful, 
physically or morally ; unjust ; detri- 
mental. 

injury ('joo-ri), n. [pi. injuries 
(-iz)], that which occasions harm 
morally or physically; detriment; 
loss ; damage. 

injustice (-jus'tis), n. the quality of 
being unjust ; violation of another's 
rights : injury ; wrong. 

ink (ingk), n. a fluid or viscous ma- 
terial used for writing, printing, &c. ; 
v.t. to spread ink upon ; color or 
blacken with ink. 

inkiness ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
ing inky. 

inkling ('ling), n. an intimation; 
hint. 

inky ('ki), adj. consisting of, or like, 
ink ; discolored with ink ; black. 



inland ( in'land ) , adj. pertaining to, 
or situated in, the interior of a 
country ; remote from the sea ; not 
foreign : adj. towards the interior. 

inlay (-la'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. inlaid, 
p.pr. inlaying], to ornament (a sur- 
face) by laying in pieces of ivory, 
wood, metal, &c. : n. materials for 
inlaying. 

inlet (-let'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. inlet, 
p.pr. inletting], to inlay; insert: n. 
(in'let), an entrance; a small bay 
or creek. 

inly ('li), adv. inwardly; secretly. 

inmost ('most), adj. deepest within. 
Also innermost. 

inn (in), n. a house for the reception 
and entertainment of travelers ; tav- 
ern ; in England, a college of com- 
mon law professors and students. 

innate ('nat), adj. inborn; native. 

inner ('er), adj. internal; interior; 
esoteric : n. that part of a target 
which is between the outer and the 
bull's-eye. 

innervation (-er-va'shun), w. the ar- 
rangement of nervous filaments in 
the body ; special activity or stim- 
ulus in any part of the nervous sys- 
tem. 

innings ('ings), n.pl. the turn of a 
side or player to bat ; lands re- 
claimed from the sea. 

innocence ('o-sens), n. freedom from 
guilt ; purity ; simplicity of heart ; 
harmlessness ; mental imbecility. 
Also innocency. 

innocent ('o-sent), adj. free from 
guilt or wrong-doing ; blameless ; 
pure in heart and life; weak in in- 
tellect. 

innocuous (-nok'H-us), adj. harm- 
less. 

innovate ('o-vat), v.i. to make alter- 
ations or changes in something al- 
ready established; introduce new 
things. 

innovator ('o-va-ter), n. one who in- 
troduces, or seeks to introduce, new- 
things. 

innoxious (-nok'shus), n. harmless. 

innuendo (-ti-en'do), n. [pi. innuen- 
dos, -does (-doz)], an oblique hint 
or insinuation. 

innumerability ( -nu-mer-a-biri-ti ) , 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



inxL 



459 



ins 



n. the state of being innumerable. 
Also innumerableness. 

innumerable ( 'mer-a-bl ) , adj. that 
cannot be counted : very numerous. 

innumerably (-bii), adv. without 
number. 

innutritions (-trish'us), adj. not af- 
fording nutrition or nourishment. 

inocarpus (-o-kar'pus), adj. having 
fibrous fruit. 

inoculate (-ok'u-lat), v.t. to commu- 
nicate a disease to by the insertion 
of infectious matter into the system ; 
graft on by the insertion of buds : 
v.i. to practice inoculation ; graft by 
the insertion of buds. 

inoculator ('ter), n. one who inocu- 
lates. 

inordinate (-or'di-nat), adj. immod- 
erate ; excessive. 

inordinately (-li), adv. immoder- 
ately. 

inorganic (-gan'ik)^ adj. destitute of 
organs ; not produced by living or- 
ganisms. Also inorganical. 

inorganically (-al-li), adv. without 
organs. 

inquest ('kwest)^ n. a coroner's in- 
quiry with a jury into the cause of 
a sudden death from any cause ; a 
judicial inquiry. 

inquire (-kwir'), v.i. to seek for or 
after by questions ; make inquiry 
(with for, into, after, alout). 

inquiry (-kwir'i), n. [pi. inquiries 
('iz)], the act of inquiring; search 
by question ; investigation ; ques- 
tion ; research. 

inquisition (-kwi-zish'un), n. in- 
quiry ; examination ; a judicial in- 
quiry in criminal matters. 

inquisitive (-kwis'i-tiv), adj. given 
to asking questions ; prying ; curious. 

inquisitor ('i-ter), n. one who makes 
inquiries or investigates. 

inquisitorial (-to'ri-al), adj. per- 
taining to an inquisitor or to his 
office ; prying. 

inroad ('rod), n. a hostile incursion. 

insane (-san'), adj. mentally de- 
ranged ; mad ; irrational ; very fool- 
ish. 

insanity (-san'i-ti), n. derangement 
of mind or intellect ; lunacy ; mad- 
ness. 



insatiability (-sa-shi-a-bil'i-ti), n, 
the quality of being insatiable. 

insatiable ('shi-a-bl), adj. that can- 
not be satisfied or appeased. 

inscribe (-skrib'), v.t. to write or 
engrave upon ; address in a formal 
dedication ; draw ( one figure within 
another). 

inscription (-skrip'shun), n. the act 
of inscribing; that which is in- 
scribed ; a dedicatory address ; entry 
in a roll or register. 

inscriptive ('tiv), adj. inscribed. 

inscrutability (-skroo-ta-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being inscrutable. 

inscrutable ( 'ta-bl ) , adj. not to be 
penetrated by inquiry or reason ; 
incomprehensible. 

insect ('sekt), n. one of a numerous 
class of articulate animals, the In- 
secta ; anything very minute or con- 
temptible. 

Insecta (-sek'ta), n.pl. a class of ar- 
ticulate animals having 3 pairs of 
legs, 2 pairs of wings, and the body 
divided into 3 segments — head, tho- 
rax, and abdomen. 

insecticide ('ti-sid), n. a powder for 
destroying insects. 

insensate (-sen'sat\, adj. destitute 
of sense or mental perception ; soul- 
less ; mad ; brutish. . 

insensibility (-si-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being insensible ; apathy. 

insensible ('si-bl), adj. that cannot 
be felt or perceived mentally or 
physically ; heedless ; callous ; sense- 
less. 

insert (-sert'), v.t. to place in or 
among ; introduce into. 

insertion (-ser'shun), n. the act of 
inserting ; that which is inserted, as 
lace or embroidery in a garment, 
words in writing, &c. 

inset ('set), n. a leaf or leaves in- 
serted in a newspaper, magazine, 
&c. : v.t. (in-set') to set in; im- 
plant. 

insbore ('shor), adv. near or towards 
the shore. 

inside ('sid), adj. interior; being 
within : adv. & prep, within ; in less 
time or space : n. that which is with- 
in ; inner part ; contents ; entrails ; 
an inside passenger. 



ate, arm, dsk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ins 



460 



ins 



insidious (sid'i-us), adj. treacher- 
ous ; deceitful ; operating secretly. 

insight ('sit), n. penetration; intui- 
tion. 

insignia (-sig'ni-a), n.pl. badges of 
honor or office. 

insignificance (-nif'i-kans), n. un- 
importance. Also insignificancy. 

insignificant ('i-kant), adj. without 
importance, force, influence, or 
meaning ; trivial ; contemptible. 

insinuate ('u-at), v.t. to ingratiate, 
as into the confidence or affections 
of ; suggest or hint indirectly ; intro- 
duce as by a winding motion ; worm 
in : v.i. work one's self into the con- 
fidence or affection of another. 

insinuating (-ing), p.adj. character- 
ized by insinuation ; gently gaining 
favor ; hinting slyly. 

insinuation (-u-a'shun), n. the act 
of insinuating ; an indirect or sly 
hint. 

insipid (-sip'id), adj. without flavor; 
tasteless. 

insipidity ('i-ti), n. the quality of 
being insipid. 

insist (-sist'), v.i. to urge or press, 
as a wish or command ; be persistent 
or peremptory. 

insistence ('ens), n. the act of in- 
sisting. Also insistency. 

insistent ('ent), adj. urgent; con- 
spicuous ; entirely on the ground, as 
the hind toe of a bird ; supported 
by something else. 

insobriety (-so-bri'i-ti), n. intemper- 
ance. 

insolence ('so-lens), n. contemptu- 
ous or overbearing language or man- 
'ner; offensive impertinence; insult- 

.^ ing behavior. 

insolent ('so-lent), adj. overbearing 
or contemptuously offensive to oth- 
ers ; insulting ; grossly rude. 

insolubility (-sol-u-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being insoluble. 

insoluble ('ti-bl), adj. that cannot 
be dissolved ; not soluble ; inexplica- 
ble. 

insolvency (Ven-si), n. [pi. insol- 
vencies (-siz)], the state of being 
insolvent. 

insolvent ('vent), adj. unable to pay 
all debts ; bankrupt : n. one who can- 
not pay all his debts; a bankrupt. 



insomnia (-som'ni-a), n. sleepless- 
ness. 

inspect (-spekt'), v.t. to examine 
critically ; test officially ; superin- 
tend. 

inspection (-spek'shun), n. the act 
of inspecting ; careful or critical 
scrutiny. 

inspector ('ter), n. one who inspects 
or oversees ; an official who superin- 
tends some matter of public inter- 
est ; a police officer ranking next 
below a superintendent. 

inspiration (-spi-ra'shun), n. the 
act of drawing air into the lungs ; 
creative influence of genius ; elevat- 
ing influence derived from associa- 
tion with great minds, scenery, &c. ; 
the supernatural influence of the 
Holy Spirit on sacred writers and 
teachers. 

inspiratory (-spTr'-a-to-ri), adj. per- 
taining to inspira.tion. 

inspire (-spir'), v.t. to draw (air) 
into the lungs ; breathe into ; imbue 
with ideas ; exhilarate or enliven ; 
communicate officially : v.i. to inhale 
air or any other influence. 

inspirit (-spir'it), v.t. to infuse spirit 
into ; animate ; exhilarate ; cheer. 

inspissate (-spis'at), v.t. to thicken 
by boiling or evaporation. 

instability (-sta-bil'i-ti), n. want of 
stability or firmness ; inconstancy ; 
fickleness. 

install (-stawl'), v.t. to place or in- 
state in an office or rank. 

installation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
installing ; induction of a minister 
of a non-episcopal church to a 
charge; introduction of machinery 
for use. 

installment ('ment), n. the act of 
installing ; payment of part of a 
sum of money due ; one of a number 
of parts of anything produced. 

instance ('stans), v.t. to refer to, 
or offer as an example : n. something 
offered as an illustration or exam- 
ple ; earnest solicitation. 

instant ( 'stant ) , adj. urgent ; imme- 
diate ; passing ; current : n. a par- 
ticular moment of time ; point of 
duration. 

instantaneous (-tan-ta'ne-us), adj. 



8te, arm, 



at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book : hiie. hnt : think, then. 



ins 



461 



ins 



acting or occurring in a moment ; 
position at a particular moment. 

instanter (-stan'ter), adv. imme- 
diately. 

instantly (-stant'li), adv. at once. 

instate (-staf), v.t. to put in office 
or rank. 

instead (-sted'), adv. in room or 
place : followed by of. 

instep ('step), n. the arched fore- 
part of the upper side of the human 
foot ; that part of a horse's hind-leg 
which reaches from the ham to the 
pastern-joint. 

instigate ('sti-gat), v.t. to provoke 
or urge on (in a bad sense) ; incite. 

instigator (-ga'ter), n. one who in- 
stigates. 

instil (-stir), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. in- 
stilled, p.pr. instilling], to insinuate 
gradually, as if by drops ; pour in 
by drops. 

instinct ('stingkt), adj. animated: 
stimulated from within : w. natural 
impulse in animals. 

instinctive (-stingk'tiv), adj. acting 
or prompted by instinct ; spontane- 
ous. 

institute ('sti-tut), v.t. to establish; 
set up ; fix ; originate ; set in opera- 
tion ; ordain ; invest with the spir- 
itual part of a benefice : n. estab- 
lished law ; a maxim or principle ; 
scientific or literary society : pi. a 
book of laws or principles, especially 
Roman laws. 

institution (-tu'shun), n. the act of 
instituting ; that which is instituted 
or established ; a corporate body or 
.society for promoting a particular 
object ; the building where such a 
society meets. 

institutional (-al), adj. pertaining 
to institutions ; elementary. 

institutor ('sti-tu-ter), w. a founder; 
a cleric appointed by the bishop to 
institute a clergyman into a spir- 

• itual benefice. 

instruct (-strukt'), v.t. to teach; 
educate ; furnish with orders or di- 
rections. 

instruction (-struk'shun), n. the act 
of instructing ; education ; an order, 
&c. 

instructional (-al), adj. pertaining 
to instruction. 



instructive (-struk'tiv), adj. tending 
to instruct ; conveying instruction. 

instructor ('ter), n. one who in- 
structs. 

instrument ('stroo-ment), n. that by 
which anything is effected ; a tool 
or implement ; a mechanical con- 
trivance for producing musical 
sounds ; agent ; a writing containing 
the terms of a contract, as a deed. 

instrumental (-men'tal), adj. per- 
taining to, or done by, an inst-ru- 
ment ; conducive to some end ; help- 
ful. 

instrumentality (-tal'i-ti), n. [pi. 
instrumentalities (-tiz)], a subordi- 
nate or auxiliary agency ; means. 

instrumentation (-ta'shun), n. the 
arrangement of music for a com- 
bination of instruments ; music thus 
arranged ; use or method of using 
an instrument. 

insubordinate (-sub-or'di-nat), adj. 
not submitting to authority ; muti- 
nous. 

insubordination (-di-na'slAm), n. 
the state of being insubordinate. 

insufferable (-suf'er-a-bl), adj. in- 
tolerable. 

insufferably (-bli), adv. intolerably. 

insular ('sti-lar), adj. pertaining to 
an island, or to the inhabitants of 
an island, their customs, &c. ; iso- 
lated ; narrow. 

insularity (-lar'i-ti), n. the state of 
being insular ; narrowness of opin- 
ions, «S:c. 

insulate ('sii-lat), v.t. to place alone, 
or in a detached situation ; separate 
by a non-conductor from other con- 
ducting bodies. 

insulation (-la'shun), n. the act of 
insulating ; the state of being in- 
sulated. 

insulator ('ter), n. one who, or that 
which, insulates ; a non-conductor 
of electricity, heat, or sound. 

insult ('suit), n. an affront or in- 
dignity ; gross abuse in word or ac- 
tion : v.t. (in-sult') to treat with 
gross indignity, contempt, or abuse, 
by word or act. 

insuperable (-sii'per-a-bl), adj. not 
to be overcome ; invincible. 

insuperably (-bli), adv. insurmoun- 
tably. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; bo5n« 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



Ins 



462 



int 



insurable (-shur'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being insured against loss, dam- 
age, «&;c. ; proper to be insured. 

insurance ('&ns), n. the act or sys- 
tem of insuring against loss or dam- 
age ; a contract entered into to se- 
cure against loss by fire, &c., by the 
payment of a specified sum ; pre- 
mium paid, 

insure (-shur'), v.t. to contract^ on 
certain conditions to secure against 
loss or damage by fire, &c. ; make 
sure or secure. 

insurgent (-ser'jent), adj. rising 
against constituted authority : n. a 
rebel. 

insurrection (-rek'shun), n. active 
or open hostility to constituted au- 
thority ; rebellion. 

insurrectionary (-a-ri), adj. per- 
taining to, or engaged in, insurrec- 
tion ; seditious. 

intact (-takf), adj. entire; unin- 
jured.. 

intaglio (en-tii'Iyo), n. [pi. intaglii, 
-glios (lye, lyoz)], a gem or stone 
having a design cut in the surface ; 
incised carving. 

integer (in'te-jer), n. the whole; a 
v/hole number : opposed to fraction. 

integral ('te-gral), adj. constituting 
a whole ; complete ; pertaining to an 
integer : n. the whole made up of 
parts. 

integrant ('te-grant), adj. making 
part of a whole ; necessary to con- 
stitute an entire thing. 

integrate ('te-grat), v.t. to bring to- 
gether the parts of ; give the sum 
total of : vA. to pass from a complex 
and unstable state to one relatively 
simple and stable. 

integrity (-teg'ri-ti), n. uprightness; 
virtue ; honesty ; soundness ; unim- 
paired or unbroken state of any- 
thing. 

integument ('u-m.ent), n. an exter- 
nal covering or skin. 

intellect ('tel-ekt), n. the mind or 
understanding ; superior intelli- 
gence ; acquired knowledge. 

intellectual ('tu-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or apprehended by, the intellect ; 
mental ; ideal. 

intellectualism (-izm), n. intellec- 



tual power or quality; the doctrine 
that all knowledge is derived from 
pure reason. 

intellectual* ty (-tu-al'i-ti), n. the 
quality or state of being intellectual. 

intellectually ('tu-al-li), adv. by 
means of the intellect. 

intelligence (-tel'i-jens), n. intellec- 
tual capacity ; understanding ; mind ; 
acquired knowledge ; notification ; 
news. 

intelligent ('i-jent), adj. endowed 
with intelligence or understanding ; 
exhibiting knowledge ; clever ; acute ; 
discerning. 

intelligible ('i-ji-bl), adj. capable of 
being understood ; clear. 

intelligibly (-bli), adv. clearly. 

intemperance (-tem'per-ans), «. 
want of moderation or self restraint ; 
excess, especially in the use of al- 
coholic liquors. 

intemperate ('per-at), adj. charac- 
terized by want of moderation or 
self restraint ; excessive ; addicted 
to alcoholic liquors. 

intend (-tend'), v.t. to purpose; 
mean. 

intendant ('ant), n. a superintend- 
ent. 

intended ('ed), n. an aflSanced lover. 

intense (-tens'), adj. increased to ex- 
cess ; strained ; forced ; ardent ; vehe- 
ment. 

intensify (-ten'si-fi), v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. intensified, p.pr. intensifying], 
to render more intense ; heighten. 

intensity ('si-ti), n. [pi. intensities 
(-tiz) ], the state or quality of being 
intense ; density, as of a negative 
plate ; the force or energy of any 
physical agent. 

intensive ('siv), adj. serving to in- 
tensify ; giving force or emphasis to. 

intent (-tent'), adj. having the mind 
strained or closely fixed on a sub- 
ject ; anxiously diligent ; constantly 
or assiduously directed (with on) : 
n. purpose ; aim. 

intention (-ten'shun), n. purpose; 
fixed design ; end or aim ; project. 

intentioned ('shund), adj. having 
intentions. 

inter (-ter'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. interred, 
p.pr. interring], to bury. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, th^n. 



mt 



463 



int 



inter, a prefix meaning ietween, 
among. 

intercalary (-ter'ka-la-ri), adj. in- 
serted in the calendar, as Feb. 29 in 
leap-year. 

intercalate ('ka-lat), v.t. to insert 
between or among. 

intercede (-sed'), v.i. to mediate as 
a friend between persons at vari- 
ance ; plead for another ; interpose. 

intercept (-sept'), v.t. to stop and 
seize in the way ; cut off ; obstruct ; 
include between two points of a line. 

intercession (-sesh'un), n. the act of 
interceding ; mediation ; a prayer for 
persons of different conditions. 

intercessor (-ses'er), n. a mediator. 

intercourse ('ter-kors), n. connec- 
tion, correspondence, or communica- 
tion between individuals, nations, 
&c. ; mutual exchange ; familiarity ; 
fellowship. 

interdict (-dikt'), v.t. to restrain or 
forbid ; cut off from the spiritual 
services of the Church. 

interest ('ter-est), v.t. to engage the 
attention ; awaken concern in ; 
cause to take a share in : n. advan- 
tage ; influence ; personal concern ; 
benefit ; profit ; premium paid for 
the use of money. 

interesting (-ing), p.adj. engaging 
the attention or curiosity ; exciting 
the feelings or emotions. 

interfere (-fer'), v.i. to interpose or 
meddle in the affairs of others ; op- 
pose ; come into collision ; act recip- 
rocally so as to modify the result ; 
injure the fetlock by striking it with 
the opposite hoof. 

interference ('ens), w. the act of 
interfering. 

interim ('ter-im), n. intervening 
time or period : adv. in the mean- 
while. 

interior _(-te'ri-6r), adj. not exterior; 
inner ; internal ; remote from the 
coast or frontier : n. the inside ; the 
inland ; home department of a gov- 
ernment. 

interjection (-ter-jek'shun), n. an 
exclamation ; a word thrown in to 
express sudden emotion, feeling, &c. 

interleave (-lev), v.t, to insert a 
leaf in : as to interleave a book with 
blank leaves or illustrations. 



interlinear (-lin'e-ar), adj. written 
or printed between other lines, as a 
translation. 

interlocutory ( -lok'u-to-ri ) , adj. 
conversational ; intermediate ; not 
final. 

interloper ('ter-16-per), n. an in- 
truder. 

interlude ('ter-ltid), n. a short en- 
tertainment given Ijetween acts of 
a play, &c. ; a short instrumental 
passage played between the stanzas 
of a hymn, acts of an opera, &c. 

intermediary (-me'di-a-ri), adj. in- 
tervening : n. an agent ; go-between ; 
medium. 

intermediate ('di-at), adj. existing 
or lying in the middle ; intervening. 

interment ('ment), n. burial. 

intermezzo (-met'zo), n.. an inter- 
lude. 

intermission (-mish'un), n. inter- 
ruption ; pause ; temporary cessation 
between paroxysms of a disease. 

intermit (-mit'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
intermitted, p.pr. intermitting], to 
cause to cease for a time ; interrupt ; 
suspend. 

intern (-tern'), v.t. to confine within 
a town or fortress, or in the inte- 
rior of a country ; place under ar- 
rest. 

internal (-ter'nal), adj. pertaining to 
the center ; interior ; inward ; not 
foreign ; domestic. 

internally (-li), adv. inwardly. 

international (-nash'un-al), ad), 
pertaining to two or more nations 
in common. 

internecine (-ne'sin), adj. mutually 
destructive ; deadly. 

interpellate (-pel'at), v.t. to ques- 
tion. 

interpleader (-pled'er), n. the dis- 
cussion of a point incidentally oc- 
curring in law. 

interpolate ('po-lat), v.t. to insert 
in a book or writing new or spurious 
matter ; corrupt by insertions. 

interpolator (-er), n. one who in- 
terpolates. 

interpose (-poz'), v.t. to place be- 
tween ; thrust in ; interrupt : v.i. to 
intercede ; come between. 

interpret ('pret), v.t. to explain 
the meaning of ; expound ; construe. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



int 



464 



int 



interpretation (-ta'shun), n. the act 
of interpreting ; explanation. 

interregnum (-reg'num), n. the pe- 
riod between two reigns, govern- 
ments, or ministries ; time of abey- 
ance. 

interrogate ('o-gat), v.t. to ques- 
tion : v.i. to ask questions. 

interrogation (-ga'shun), n. the act 
of interrogating ; a question ; in- 
quiry ; a mark (?) denoting a ques- 
tion. 

interrogative (-rog'a-tiv), adj. de- 
noting or containing a question or 
inquiry : n. a word used in asking a 
question. 

interrogatively (-li), adv. by ques- 
tions. 

interrogator ('o-ga-ter), n. one who 
interrogates. 

interrogatory (-rog'a-to-ri), adj. 
pertaining to, or expressing, a ques- 
tion : n. a question in writing put 
to a party to a suit. 

interrupt (-rupf), v.t. to stop or 
hinder by breaking in upon ; break 
the continuity of ; cause to be de- 
layed ; end suddenly. 

interrupted ('ed), p.adj. intermit- 
ted ; broken. 

interruption ('shun), n. the act of 
interrupting ; hindrance ; obstruc- 
tion ; intervention ; sudden cessa- 
tion. 

intersect (-sekt'), v.t. to cut or di- 
vide mutually: v.i. to cross each 
other. 

intersection (-sek'shun), n. the act 
or state of intersecting ; place of 
crossing ; the point or line in which 
two lines or two planes cut each 
other. 

interstellar (-stel'ar), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or situated in, space be« 
tween the stai,?. 

interstice ('ter-stis, or -ter'stis), n. 
a narrow space between things close- 
ly set ; crevice. 

interstitial (-stish'al), adj. pertain- 
ing to, containing, or existing in 
interstices. 

intertidal (-ti'dal), adj. living be- 
tween high- and low-water mark. 

interval ('ter-val), n. time or space 
between ; distance between two 
given musical sounds. 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note. nSrth, not; b56n, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



intervale ('ter-val), n. a tract of 
low ground situated between hills, 
or by the banks of a river. 

intervene (-ven'), v.i. to come, or 
be situated, between ; interpose ; in- 
terfere. 

intervention (-ven'shun), ?i. the act 
of intervening; interposition; medi- 
ation. 

intervie-w ('ter-vu), v.t. to visit, a? 
a notable personage, to obtain par^ 
ticulars respecting himself or his 
opinions : h. a personal conference 
or meeting. 

intestacy (-tes'ta-si), n. the state of j 
dying without a will. 

intestate ('tat), adj. dying without 
having made a valid will : n. one 
who dies without having made a 
will. 

intestinal ('ti-nal), adj. pertaining 
to, or found in, the intestines. 

intestine ('tin), adj. internal; not 
foreign : n.pl. the bowels ; entrails, 

intimacy ('ti-ma-si), n. [pi. intima- 
cies (-siz)], close or confidential 
friendship. 

intimate ('ti-mat), adj. close in 
friendship ; well acquainted ; famil- 
iar ; confidential ; complete : v.t. to 
indicate ; make known. 

intimately (-li), adv. in an intimate 
manner. 

intimation (-ma'shun), n. an indi- 
rect suggestion or hint ; announce- 
ment. 

intimidate (-tim'i-dat), v.t. to make 
afraid. _ _ 

into ('too), prep, noting passage in- 
wards ; inclusion or comprehension. 

intolerable (-tol'er-a-bl), adj. un- 
bearable. 

intolerably (-bli), adv. in an intol- 
erable manner. 

intoler£:nce ('er-ans), n. want of 
toleration of the opinions or prac- 
tices of others ; inability to bear or 
endure. 

intolerant ('er-ant), adj. bigoted; 
unable to bear or endure (v^ith of). 

intonation (-to-na'shun), n. the act 
or manner of sounding musical 
notes ; modulation of the voice ; act 
of intoning. 

intone (-ton'), v.t. to recite in mono- 
tone. 



int 



465 



inv 



intoxicant (-toks'i-kant), n. that 

which intoxicates. 
intoxicate ('i-kat), v.t. to make 
drunk by spirituous liquors ; excite 
unduly. 
intoxication (-ka'shun), n. the act 
of intoxicating ; extreme excitement. 
intra, a prefix meaning within, as 
intramural, within the walls of a 
cit3^ 

intractability (-trak-ta-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality or state of being intrac- 
table. . 

intractable (-trak'ta-bl), adj. un- 
manageable. 

intractile ('til), adj. incapable of 
being drawn out ; not extensible. 

intrados (-tra'dos), n. the interior 
and lower line or curve of an arch. 

intramural, see under intra. 

intransitive ('si-tiv), adj. not pass- 
ing over to or requiring an object : 
said of certain verbs. 

intransitively (-li), adv. in an in- 
transitive manner. 

intransitu (-tran'si-tti) , on the way. 

intrepid (-trep'id), adj. bold; fear- 
less. 

intrepidity (-tre-pid'i-ti), n. fear- 
lessness. 

intricacy ('tri-ka-si), n. [pi. intrica- 
cies (-siz)], the quality of being in- 
tricate ; perplexity. 

intricate ('tri-kat), adj. entangled or 
involved. 

intrigue (in-treg'), v.i. to carry on 
a secret plot ; engage in clandestine 
love affairs : n. a secret plot ; clan- 
destine love affair. 

intrinsic (-trin'sik), adj. pertaining 
to that which is inherent ; real ; 
genuine. 

intrinsically (-al-li), adv. inherent- 
intro, a prefix meaning toithin, into, 
as introcession, a depression or sink- 
ing of parts inwards. 

introduce (-tro-dus'), v.t. to con- 
duct or bring in ; bring into use or 
notice ; bring into acquaintance ; in- 
sert. 

introduction (-duk'shun), n. the act 
of introducing ; presentation ; a pref- 
ace. 

introductory ('to-ri), adj. serving to 
introduce. Also introductive. 



iutroflexed (-flekst')., adj. bent in- 
wards. 

intromission (-tro-mish'un), n. in- 
sertion ; introduction. 

intromit (-mit'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. in- 
tromitted, p.pr. intromitting], to ad- 
mit ; insert. 

intrude (-trud'), v.i. to thrust one's 
self in without invitation or wel- 
come : v.t. force in. 

intrusion (-tru'zhun), n. the act of 
intruding ; encroachment ; unlawful 
entry into vacant lands or tene- 
ments. 

intuition (-tu-ish'un), n. instinctive 
knowledge or feeling ; immediate per- 
ception. 

intuitional (-al), adj. pertaining to 
intuition. 

intuitive ('i-tiv), adj. perceived im- 
mediately by the mind. 

intuitively (-li), adv. without rea- 
soning. 

inundate (-un'dat), v.t. to fill with 
an overflowing abundance ; flood. 

inundation (-da'shun), n. overflow; 
flood. 

inure (-tir'), v.t. to habituate, or ac- 
custom ; toughen. 

in vacuo (vak'u-o), in a vacuum. 

invade (-vad'), v.t. to enter (a coun- 
try) with a hostile army; infringe 
upon ; violate. 

invalid (-val'id), adj. of no force or 
authority; null and void: n. (in'va- 
lid), one who is weak or infirm in 
health ; a disabled soldier or sailor : 
v.t. to register as an invalid ; affect 
with disease. 

invalidate (-val'i-dat), v.t. to weak- 
en or destroy the force or validity 
of. 

invalidity (-id'i-ti), n. want of legal 
force or argument. 

invaluable ( -val'ti-a-bl ) , adj. price- 
less. 

invariable (-var'i-a-bl), adj. con- 
stant. 

invariably (-bli), adv. constantly. 

invasion (-va'zhun), n. the act of in- 
vading ; hostile incursion ; encroach- 
ment. 

invective (-vek'tiv), n. a violent ut- 
terance of censure, sarcasm, or 
abuse : adj. abusive. 



ate, arm, 



z, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



inv 



466 



inv 



inveigh (-va'), v.i. to rail against 
persons or things with vehemence ; 
utter censure or reproach ; declaim. 

inveigle (-ve'gl), v.t. to entice; se- 
duce. 

invent (-vent'), v.t. to find out by 
original study or contrivance ; devise 
or contrive ; originate. 

invention (-ven'shun), n. the act of 
inventing ; the thing invented ; dis- 
covery ; creative faculty ; concoc- 
tion ; fabrication. 

inventive ('tiv), adj. able to invent; 
quick at contriving ; ready in ex- 
pedients. 

inventively (-li), adv. by the faculty 
of invention. 

inventiveness (-nes), n. the inven- 
tive faculty. 

inventor ('ter), n. one who invents. 

inventory ('ven-to-ri) , n. [pi. in- 
ventories (-riz], a catalogue or list 
of goods, furniture, &c. ; account : 
v.t. to draw up an inventory or cata- 
logue of. 

inverse (-vers'), adj. contrary in 
tendency, direction, or effect ; recip- 
rocal : inverted. 

inversely ('li), adv. in an inverse 
order or ratio. 

inversion (-ver'shun), n. the act of 
inverting ; the state of being in- 
verted ; contrary change of order or 
position. 

Inversive ('siv), adj. pertaining to, 
or causing, inversion. 

invert (-vert'), v.t. to turn upside 
down. 

Invertebrata (-ver-te-bra'ta) , n.pl. 
one of the sub-divisions of the ani- 
mal kingdom, including those ani- 
mals which have no vertebrae or 
spinal column. 

invertebrate ('te-brat), n. one of 
the Invertebrata : adj. having no 
backbone ; having no force of char- 
acter ; weak. 

invest (-vest'), v.t. to place or lay 
out, as money ; clothe, as with office, 
authority, or dignity ; surround : v.i. 
to make an investment. 

investigate ('i-gat), v.t. to ascer- 
tain by careful inquiry ; search ; ex- 
amine. 

investigation (-ga'shun), n. the act 
of investigating; inquiry; search. 



investigator ('ter), n. one who in- 
vestigates. 

investiture ('ti-tur), n. the act or 
right of giving legal possession ; the 
ceremony of inducting a bishop into 
his office. 

investment (-vest'ment), n. the act 
of laying out money productively ; 
money so invested ; the act of be- 
sieging or blockading. 

investor (-ves'ter), n. one who in- 
vests. 

inveteracy (-vet'er-a-si), n. the state 
of being inveterate. 

inveterate ('er-at), adj. deep-rooted; 
habitual. 

invidious (-vid'i-us), adj. likely to 
provoke ill-will or envy ; unpleas- 
ant. 

invigorate (-vig'o-rat), v.t. to give 
vigor to ; strengthen ; animate. 

invincibility (-vin-si-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being invincible. 

invincible ('si-bl), adj. unconquer- 
able. 

inviolability ( -vi-o-la-bil'i-ti ) , n. 
the state or quality of being invio- 
lable. 

inviolable ('6-la-bl), adj. that can- 
not be profaned or injured ; un- 
broken. Inviolate. 

invisibility (-viz-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state of being invisible. 

invisible ('i-bl), adj. that cannot be 
seen. 

invitation (-vi-ta'shun), n. the act 
of inviting ; polite solicitation ; the 
words or document by which one is 
invited. 

invitatory (-vl'ta-to-ri), adj. con- 
taining, or using, invitation. 

invite (-vif), v.t. to ask, solicit, or 
summon ; request the presence of ; 
persuade ; allure. 

inviting ('ing), p.adj. tempting; se- 
ductive. 

invocation (-vo-ka'shun), n. the act 
or form of invoking. 

invoice ('vois), n. a document an- 
nouncing the despatch of goods with 
their prices, quantity, &c. : v.t. to 
state or insert in an invoice. 

invoke (-vok'), v.t. to address in 
prayer or supplication; solicit (aid 
or protection). 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



mv 



467 



iro 



involuntarily (-vol'un-ta-ri-li), adv. 
not willingly. 

involuntary (-vol'un-ta-ri), adj. 
without will or choice ; not spon- 
taneous. 

involute ('vo-ltit), adj. folded or 
rolled inwards, as certain leaves and 
flowers ; coiled spirally : n. a par- 
ticular kind of curve turned inward 
at the margin. 

involution (-lu'shun), n. the act of 
involving or infolding ; complica- 
tion ; return of an organ or tissue to 
its normal size after distention ; the 
process of raising an arithmetical or 
algebraical quantity to a given 
power, as 3* = 81. 

involve (-volv'), v.t. to complicate; 
entangle ; surround ; embroil ; re- 
sult as a logical consequence ; mul- 
tiply a quantity into itself any given 
number of times. 

invulnerability ( - vul-ner-a-bil'i-ti ) , 
n. the quality of being invulnerable. 

invulnerable (-vul'ner-a-bl), adj. 
that cannot be wounded or injured ; 
without any weak point. 

inivard ('ward), adj. situated with- 
in ; in the mind : adv. interior ; to- 
wards the center. Also inwards. 

inwardly (-li), adv. in an inward 
manner ; secretly. 

in-wrouglit (-rawt'), p. adj. worked 
in ; adorned with figures or patterns. 

io (i'o), n. the peacock butterfly. 

iod, a prefix, indicating the presence 
of iodine. Also iodo. 

iodic (-od'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
containing, iodine. 

iodide ('o-did), n. a compound of io- 
dine. 

iodine ('o-din), n. a non-metallic ele- 
ment, which, when heated, gives of£ 
a rich violet vapor. 

iodize ('o-diz), v.t. to treat with io- 
dine. 

iodism ('o-dizm), n. a morbid con- 
dition caused by overdoses of iodine. 

iodoforsn (-6'do-form) , n. a crystal- 
line compound formed by the action 
of iodine on alcohol and potash. 

iodol ('o-dol), n. an antiseptic specif- 
ic used for wounds and cutaneous 
diseases. 

ion ('on), n. a substance resulting 



from the decomposition of a body by 
electrolysis. 

Ionian ('6-ni-an), adj. pertaining to 
Ionia, or its inhabitants. Also lon- 
ic.^ 

Ionic order ('ik or'der), n. an order 
of classic architecture, characterized 
by the volute, or ram's-horn scroll, 
of its capital. 

iota (-o'ta), n. the Greek letter (t), 
which from its being used under the 
vowels a, tj, w {iota suhscriptum) f 
denotes anything small or insignifi- 
cant. 

ipecac (ip'e-kak), n. ipecacuanha. 

ipecacuanha (ip-e-kak-ti-an'a), n. 
the root of a South American plant : 
used in medicine. 

ir, prefix meaning not. 

irade (i-ra'de), n. an imperial decree 
[Turkish]. 

irascibility (i-ras-i-bil'i-ti), n. qual- 
ity of being irascible. 

irascible ('i-bl), n. easily excited to 
anger. 

irascibly (-bli), adv. in an irascible 
manner. 

irate (-rat'), adj. angry; enraged. 

ire (ir), n. anger; wrath. 

irid, a prefix meaning eye. Also irido. 

iridescence (ir-i-des'ens), n. the ex- 
hibition of colors like those of the 
rainbow. 

iridescent Cent), adj. exhibiting ir- 
idescence. 

iridium (i-rid'i-um), n. a metallic 
element. 

iris ('ris), n. [pi. irises, irides (-sez, 
'ri-dez)], the pupil of the eye; the 
rainbow. 

iriscope ('ri-skop), n. an apparatus 
for showing the prismatic colors. 

Irish ('rish), adj. pertaining to Ire- 
land, its inhabitants, or language. 

Irishism (-izm), n. an Irish idiom. 

irk (erk), v.t. to weary: v.i. to be- 
come tired. 

irksome ('sum), adj. tedious; weari- 
some. 

iron (i'ern), n. the most common and 
useful of the metals ; an instrument 
made of iron ; anything especially- 
hard or durable : pi. fetters : adj. 
pertaining to, resembling, or made 
of iron: v.t. to smooth with an iron 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



iro 



468 



iso 



implement ; furnish with iron ; fet- 
ter. 

iron age (aj), n. the last prehistoric 
age, characterized by the use of 
iron for weapons, &c. ; the last of 
the four ages of classic mythology. 

ironclad (-klad), n. a warship pro- 
tected wholly or partially with iron 
or steel plates : adj. covered or pro- 
tected with iron armor. 

ironical (i-ron'i-kal), adj. express- 
ing one thing and meaning another. 

ironically (-li), adv. in an ironical 
manner. 

ironivood ('ern-wood), n. a name for 
the timber of trees of exceptional 
hardness and durability. 

irony ('ron-i), n. subtle sarcasm; a 
mode of speech conveying the op- 
posite of what is meant. 

irradiance (ir-ra'di-ans), n. the act 
of sending forth luminous rays ; 
luster. Irradiancy. 

irradiant (-ant), adj. emitting rays 
of light. 

irradiate ('di-at), v.t. to shed light 
upon ; illuminate ; brighten : v.i. 
emit rays of light. 

irradicate (-rad'i-kat), v.t. to root 
deeply. 

irrespective (-re-spek'tiv), adj. re- 
gardless (with of) . 

irrespectively (-li), adv. without 
regard. 

irrigate ('i-gat), v.t. to moisten 
(land) by causing water to flow over 
' by artificial means. 

irritability (-i-ta-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality or state of being irritable. 
Irritableness. 

irritable ('i-ta-bl), adj. easily pro- 
voked to anger ; easily stimulated 
to perform some physical function. 

irritably (-bli), adv. with irritation. 

irritant ('i-tant), adj. causing irri- 
tation : n. anything which causes 
irritation. 

irritate ('i-tat), v.t. to provoke or 
make angry ; excite heat and redness 
in. 

irritation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
irritating; the state of being irri- 
tated ; exasperation ; vexation ; im- 
patience ; excitement of muscular ac- 
tion by external agency. 



irruption (-rup'shun), n. a bursting 
or rushing in ; sudden invasion. 

is (iz), 3rd p., sing.,pres., indie, of be. 

is, prefix meaning equal. Also iso : as 
tsanthous, having equal anthers ; 
isothermal, having the same mean 
summer temperature. 

isagon (i'sa-gon), n. a figure with 
equal angles. 

Isbmaelite (ish'ma-el-lt), n. a de- 
scendant of Ishmael : hence a social 
outcast. 

isinglass (i'zing-glas), n. a white 
semi-transparent substance prepared 
from the sounds or air-bladders of 
the sturgeon, cod, &c. 

Islam (is'lam), n. the Mohammedan 
religion ; the whole body of Moham- 
medans and the countries where the 
religion of Mohammed is pirofessed. 

island (i'land), n. a tract of land 
surrounded by water ; anything re- 
sembling an island. 

isle (il), n. an island [Poet.]. 

islet (i'let), n. a small island. 

isna (izm), n. a system or theory. 

iso, prefix, see is. 

isobar (i'so-bar), n. a line which con- 
nects places on the earth's surface 
having the same atmospheric pres- 
sure at the sea level. 

isobaric (-bar'ik), adj. of equal baro- 
metric pressure ; pertaining to, or 
showing, isobars. Also isobaromet- 
ric. 

isochromatic (-kro-mat'ik), adj. 
having the same color. 

isocbronous (-sok'ro-nus), adj. oc- 
curring in equal times. 

isoclinal (-so-kli'nal), adj. having 
the same dip or inclination. 

isodynamic (-di-nam'ik), adj. having 
equal force. 

isogeotbermal (-je-o-ther'mal), adj. 
noting imaginary lines connecting 
places on the earth's surface which 
have the same mean annual tem- 
perature. 

isolate ('so-lat), v.t. to place alone; 
place in a detached situation ; insu-. 
late ; obtain in an uncombined form. 

isolation (-la'shun), n. the state of 
being isolated. 

isomeric (-mer'ik), adj. having the 
same elements in the same propor- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, *^en. 



iso 



469 



ivy 



tions, but with different physical 
characteristics. 

isometric (-met'rik), adj. having 
equality of measure. 

isomorpliisxu (-mor'fizm), n, the 
quality of having the same crystal- 
line form, but formed of different 
elements. 

isosceles (-sos'e-lez), adj. having 
equal sides. 

isotherm, ('so-therm), n. an imag- 
inary line connecting those places 
on the earth's surface which have 
the same mean temperature. 

isothermal, see under is. 

Israelite (iz'ra-el-it), n. a descendant 
of Israel ; a Jew. 

Israelitish ('ish), adj. pertaining to 
the Israelites ; Jewish. Also Is- 
raelitic. 

issue (ish'u), n. the act of passing 
or flowing out ; egress ; t^at which 
flows or passes out ; discharge ; flux ; 
publication ; offspring ; lineal de- 
scendants ; produce of the earth ; 
profits of land, &c. ; essential points 
in pleading or debate ; result ; v.t. 
to send out ; publish ; put into cir- 
culation : v.i. to come or pass out ; 
arise, as from a source ; flow ; pro- 
ceed ; be descended ; end. 

isthmian (ist'mi-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to an isthmus. 

isthmus ('mus), n. a neck of land 
connecting two larger portions. 

Italian (i-tal'yan), adj. pertaining 
to Italy, its inhabitants, or lan- 
guage. 

Italic ('ik), adj. pertaining to Italy; 
noting a slender, sloping kind of 
type {italic) : used for emphasis, 
&c. : n.pl. italic type. 

italicize ('i-siz), v.t. to write or 
print in italics. 

Italiote Ci-ot), n. a Greek inhabi- 
tant of Italy. 



itcjb, (ich), n. a parasitic cutaneous 
disease causing great irritation; a 
constant and teasing desire for some- 
thing : v.i. to feel a particular un- 
easiness in the skin, causing a de- 
sire to scratch the part affected ; 
have a constant and teasing desire 
for. 

item (rtem), n. a separate a-rticle or 
particular ; a newspaper paragraph i 
adv. also. 

iterate (it'er-at), v.t. to repeat. 

iteration (-a'shun), repetition. 

iterative ('er-a-tiv), adj. repeating, 

itineracy (i-tin'er-a-si), n. the prac- 
tice of itinerating. 

itinerancy ('er-an-si), n. a passing 
from place to place, especially in 
the discharge of some official func- 
tion, as by a judge on circuit, a 
preacher, &c. 

itinerant ('er-ant), oAj. passing 
from place to place: n, one who 
itinerates. 

itinerary ('er-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
to, or done on, a journey ; traveling 
from place to place : n. a traveler's 
guide or route-book ; a diary of a 
journey ; plan of a projected ex- 
cursion. 

itinerate ('er-at), v.i. to travel from 
pl§,ce to place. 

ivoride ('vo-rid), n. sl variety of arti- 
ficial ivory. 

ivory ('vo-ri), n. the hard, bony, 
white dentine which forms the tusks 
of the elephant, walrus, &c. : adj, 
made of, or like, ivory. 

ivory palm (-pam), n. the palm 
from which the ivory nuts used in 
turning as an imitation for ivory 
are obtained. 

ivorytype (-tip), n. a particular kind 
of photographic picture with an 
ivory-like surface. 

ivy (i'vi), n. a clinging evergreen 
plant of the genus Hedera. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




Jabber ('er), v.i. to talk rapidly and 

indistinctly ; cha,tter. 
jacinth (ja'sinth), n. hyacinth; a 

red variety of zircon. 
jack (jak), n. a pike; in bowls, a 

small ball serving as a mark to be 

aimed at ; the male of some animals ; 

a leather cup or jug ; timber cut 

short of its usual length ; a flag 

used for signaling ; the knave of 

cards ; a leathern coat of mail ; a 

name applied to various kinds of 

levers or mechanical labor-saving 

appliances, as a jack-screw, roast- 

ing-jack, &c. : v.t. to lift with a 

jack ; give up. 
jackal ('awl), n. a dog-like carniv- 
orous animal which hunts in packs ; 

one who does base work for an- 
other. 
jackanapes ('a-naps), n. a conceited 

or upstart fellow. 
jackass ('as), n. the male ass; don- 
key. 
jackboots ('bootz), n.pl. large boots 

reaching above the knee. 
jackda-w ('daw), n. a glossy species 

of crow. 
jacket ('et), n. a short tailless coat: 

a covering to prevent radiation of 

heat: v.t. to clothe with a jacket; 

beat. 
jackstays ('staz), n.pl. ropes 

stretched along the yard of a ship 

to fasten the sails to. 
jaconet ('o-net), n. a fine soft white 

cotton material somewhat resembling 

cambric ; nainsook. Also jacconet. 
Jacquard ('kiird), n. a loom for 

weaving patterns invented by Jac- 
quard, a Frenchman. 
jade (jad), n. a tired or worn-out 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon^ 
book; hue, hut; think, th&n. 



horse ; a vicious woman ; a young 
woman (contemptuously or humor- 
ously) ; a silicate of magnesia and 
lime of green color : formerly much 
used for ornaments, &c. : v.1^. to tire 
by long-continued labor ; harass. 

jag (jag), n. a notch; projecting 
point ; denticulation ; a small load ; 
a condition of partial intoxication : 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p. jagged, p.pr. jag- 
ging], to cut into notches or teeth. 

jaguar (-gwar'), n. a fierce animal 
of South America, resembling the 
leopard ; the American tiger. 

jail (jal), n. a prison; a bridewell. 

jalap (jal'ap), n. the root of Ipomcea 
purga : used medicinally as a purga- 
tive. 

jam (jam), n. a conserve of fruit 
boiled with sugar ; a squeeze ; block ; 
crush : v.t. \_p.t. & p.p. jammed, p.pr, 
jamming], to squeeze or crush; 
press in tightly ; block up by crowd- 
ing. 

jamb (jam), n. one of the upright 
sides of a doorway, window-opening^ 
or fireplace. 

janapa (jan'a-pa), n. an East Indian 
hemp, from which gunny bags, &c., 
are made. 

jangle (jang'gl), v.i. to quarrel or 
wrangle ; sound discordantly : n. a 
discordant sound ; wrangle ; alterca- 
tion ; chatter. 

janissary (jan'i-sa-ri), n. [pi. janis- 
saries (-riz)], formerly the foot- 
guard of the Turkish sultans. Also 
janizary. 

janitor ('i-ter), n. a door-keeper. 

japan (ja-pan'), n. work varnished 
and lacquered after the Japanese 



470 



Jap 



4T1 



jei? 



style of ornamentation: a kind of 
varnish : v.t. ip.t. & p.p. japanned, 
p.pr. japanning], to cover, varnish, 
or lacquer, with japan ; make black 
and glossy. 

Japanese (jap-a-nez'), adj. pertain- 
ing to Japan, its inhabitants, or lan- 
guage. 

Japanesque (-nesk'), ac?;. resembling 
the Japanese style of art. 

japonica (-pon'i-ka), n. the name of 
various species of Japanese plants. 

jar (jar), n. an earthenware pot or 
vessel ; a shake produced by a sud- 
den shock ; jolt ; harsh sound ; con- 
flict of opinion or interest : v.t. \_p.t. 
& p.p. :'arred, p.pr. jarring], to cause 
to shake by a sudden shock ; jolt : 
v.i. to interfere or clash ; smit a 
harsh sound. 

jardiniere (zhar-din-yar'), n, an or- 
namental flower-stand of porcelain 
or metal. 

jargon (jar'gon), n. confused, unin- 
telligible talk; a mixture of two or 
more languages ; the peculiar phrase- 
ology of a party, sect, &c. 

jasliawk (jas'hawk), n. a young, or 
eyas, hawk. 

jasmine ('min), n. a plant of the 
genus Jasminum with fragrant flow- 
ers. 

jasper ('per), n. an opaque, many- 
shaded variety of quartz : when pol- 
ished it is made into a variety of 
ornamental articles. 

jaundice (jan'dis), n, a disease char- 
acterized by yellowness of the eye- 
balls, skin, &c., caused by biliary de- 
rangement : hence a mental condi- 
tion in which everything appears in 
a prejudiced form. 

jaunt (jant), n. a short excursion or 
ramble : v.i. to roam or ramble ; take 
a short excursion. 

jauntily ('i-li), adv. in a jaunty 
manner. 

jaunty {'\),adj. airy; gay; showy. 

Javanese (jav'a-nez), adj. pertaining 
to Java, its inhabitants, or language. 

javelin ('lin), n. a light spear. 

jaw (jaw), n. the bones of the mouth 
in which the teeth are placed ; 
mouth ; a mechanical contrivance for 
holding the inner end of a vessel's 
boom. 



jay (ja), n. a crow-like, chattering 
bird with handsome plumage, 

jealous (jel'us), adj. full of, or char- 
acterized by, jealousy; anxiously 
suspicious or watchful. 

jealousy (-i), n. suspicious feai or 
watchfulness, especially the fear of 
being supplanted by a rival. 

jean (jen), n. twilled undressed cot- 
ton cloth. 

jeer (jer), v.t. to scoff at; ridicule: 
v.i. to speak in a derisive or sarcas- 
tic manner : n. a scoff ; derision : pi. 
tackle by which the lower yards of a 
vessel are hoisted or lowered. 

Jehovah (je-ho'va), n. Lord; God of 
the Hebrews. 

jehu ('hu), n. one fond of driving, 
especially fast driving (2 Kings, ix» 
20) ; coachman. 

jejune (-jun'), adj. empty; void of 
interest. 

jejunum (-ju'num), n. [pi. jejuna 
('na) ], that portion of the small in- 
testines between the duodenum and 
ileum. 

jelly ('i), n. [pi. jellies ('iz)], the 
stiffened gelatinous juice of fruit,, 
meat, &c., after boiling ; any semi- 
transparent soft gluey substance : 
v.i. [p.t. & p.p. jellied, p.pr. jelly- 
ing], to turn to, or become, jelly. 

jemmy ('i), n. [2?Z. jemmies ('iz)], a 
short crowbar used by burglars. 
Also jimmy. 

jennet (jen'et), n. a small Spanisb 
horse. Also genet. 

jenny ('i),w. a machine for spinning; 
used in composition for female, as 
jenny-wren, jenny-ass, &c. 

jeopard (jep'ard), v.t. to expose to 
loss or injury ; hazard. Also jeopar- 
dize. 

jeopardy (-i), n. hazard; peril. 

jerboa (jer-bo'a), n. the leaping 
mouse of Africa, with long hind legs. 

jereed (-ed'), n. a javelin, used in 
Turkey and Persia in mock battles ; 
a game played with jereeds. Alsa 
jerid. 

jeremiad (-e-mi'ad), n. lamentation, 
especially over modern degeneracy : 
from the Book of Lamentations of 
Jeremiah. 

jerk (jerk), v.t. to give a sudden pull, 
twist, or push to ; throw with a 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boonv 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



jei- 



472 



jim 



sudden quick movement ; cut into 
long strips and dry in the sun, as 
beef' n. a sudden quick pull, twist 
or push ; spasmodic movement ; 
jerked beef ; charqui. 

jerkin ('in), n. a short coat or jack- 
et ; close v^aistcoat ; gyrf alcon ; 
young salmon. 

Jerry (jer'i), adj. constructed hastily, 
and of bad materials, as a jerry-built 
house. 

Jersey (jer'zi), cij. pertaining to the 
Isle of Jersey, or to its breed of cat- 
tle : n. a close-fitting thick w^oolen 
shirt ; fine yarn wool ; of or pertain- 
ing to New Jersey. 

jess (jes), n. a leathern strap fastened 
to the leg of a hawk, to which the 
leash is attached. 

Jesse (jes'e), n. a large branched can- 
dlestick used in churches ; symboliz- 
ing the genealogical tree of Jesse 
and of Jesus Christ. 

jest (jest), n. a joke ; humorous pleas- 
antry ; fun ; a laughing-stock : v.i. to 
joke; make merriment; make game 
of. 

jester (er), n. a person given to jest- 
ing, sportive talk and merry pranks ; 
a joker ; a buffoon ; a merry-an- 
drew ; a person formerly retained 
by princes to make sport for them. 

Jesuit (jez'u-it), n. a member of the 
Roman Catholic Society of Jesus, 
founded ' y Ignatius Loyola, 1534. 

Jesuitic (-u-it'ik), ad/, pertaining to, 
or resembling, the Jesuits, their 
principles and practices. 

Jesuit's bark (bark), n. cinchona. 

Jet (jet), n. a stream of water sud- 
denly emitted ; a deep black variety 
of lignite, black amber ; a gas 
branch ; tube for running molten 
metal into a mold : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
jetted, p.pr. jetting], to spout out: 
v.i. to shoot or jut out. 

Jetsam ('sum), n. that part of a 
ship's cargo which is thrown into 
the sea to lighten the vessel in case 
of peril : opposed to flotsam. Also 
jetsom, jetson. 

jettison ('i-sun), n. the act of throw- 
ing goods overboard to lighten a ves- 
sel in case of peril : v.t. to throw 
overboard to lighten a vessel. 



jetty ('i), n. [pi. jetties ('iz)], a 
structure extending into the water, 
used as a pier, mole, or wall, to re- 
strain or direct currents ; projection 
of a building : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. jettied, 
p.pr. jetting], to jut out or project. 

Je^v (joo), n. an Israelite; Hebrew. 
Fern. Jewess. 

je-ivel ('el), n. a valuable ornament; 
gem ; precious stone ; anything of 
great value or dear to one : v.t. to 
adorn with, or as with, jewels ; fur- 
nish with jewels. 

jeweler ('er), n. one who makes or 
deals in jewels. 

jewelry ('ri), n. jewels collectively; 
the art or trade of a jeweler. 

Jewisk ('ish), adj. pertaining to the 
Jews, their language, customs, &c. 

Jewry ('ri), n. Judsea ; a district in 
a city inhabited by Jews ; ghetto. 

jew's-karp ('harp), n. a small lyre- 
shaped musical instrument with a 
thin metal tongue which, when 
placed between the teeth and vi- 
brated, emits a twanging sound. 

jib (jib), n. a large triangular sail 
projecting beyond the bowsprit ; the 
projecting arm or beam of a crane ; 
a jibbing horse : v.i., [p.t. & p.p. 
jibbed, p.pr. jibbing], to move rest- 
lessly backwards or sideways : said 
of a horse. 

jib-boom ('boom), n. a spar beyond 
the bowsprit, on which the jib is set. 

jibe, another form of gibe. 

jifpy (jif'i), n. an instant, 

jig (jig), n. a quick lively dance, or 
music for such a dance ; a particular 
kind of fish-hook : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
jigged, p.pr. jigging], to dance a jig: 
v.t. jerk up and down. 

jigger ('er), n. one who jigs; a name 
for various mechanical contrivances 
and appliances ; another form of 
chigoe. 

jig-jog Cjog), n. a jolting motion. 

jill (jil), n. a young woman; sweet- 
heart ; the female of a ferret. 

jilt (jilt), n. a coquette or flirt: v.t. 
to encourage (a lover) and then dis- 
card him : v.i. to play the jilt ; prac- 
tice deception in love. 

jimmy (jim'i), n. a burglar's tool. 
See jemmy. 



ate, iirm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



Jim 



473 



joi 



jimson-'weed (jim'sun-wed), n. stra- 
monium. 

jingle (jing'gl), n. a sharp tinkling 
metallic sound; a little bell or rat- 
tle ; meaningless rhyme ; a covered 
two-wheeled Irish car : v.i. to sound 
with a jingle. 

jingo ('go), n. [pi. jingoes ('goz)], 
one of a party of Conservatives who, 
at the time of the Russo-Turkish 
War of 1877-78, wished Great Brit- 
ain to go to war with Russia : named 
from a popular song of the day ; a 
mild oath (with dy) . 

Jingoism (-izm), n. the jingo mili- 
tary spirit. 

jinnee (jin'e), n. [pi. jinn (jin)],the 
good and evil spirits of Mohamme- 
dan mythology which sometimes as- 
sume human shape. Also genie, jin, 
jinn, djinnee. 

jinrikisha (-rik'i-sha), n. a small 
Japanese two - wheeled carriage, 
drawn by one or more men. Also 
jinriksha. 

jo (jo), n. a sweetheart [Scotch], 

job (job), n. a piece of work, espe- 
cially of a temporary or chance na- 
ture ; any scheme for making morey 
or securing private advantage at the 
public expense ; any event or circum- 
''tance ; a sudden stroke or thrust 
with a pointed instrument : v.t. [p.t. 
& p.p. jobbed, p.pr. jobbing], to let 
out for hire; buy up (goods) and 
retail them ; punch suddenly with a 
sharp instrument : 'V.i. buy and sell, 
as a stock-broker ; perform job 
work ; let out or hire horses ; work 
for one's own advantage under the 
guise of public zeal. 

jobber (job'er), n. a middleman, es- 
pecially one who acts as agent be- 
tween a stock-broker and the public ; 
one who transacts public business 
• for his own private interests. 

jobbery ('er-i)_, n. [pi. jobberies 
(-iz) ], low intriguing for private ad- 
vantage or political ends. 

jockey (jok'i), n. [pi. jockeys ('iz)], 
one who rides a horse in a race ; 
groom ; a dealer in horses ; cheat : 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p. jockeyed, p.pr. jock- 
eying], to cheat or deceive; jostle 
against by riding unfairly. 



jocose (jo-kos'), adj. sportive; hu- 
morous. 

jocosity (-kos'i-t:), n. the quality of 
being jocose. 

jocular ( jok'u-lar) , cdj. making jokes. 

jocularity ('i-ti), n. merriment. 

jocund ('und), adv. jovial; sportive; 
gay. 

jocundity (-un'di-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being jocund. 

jog (jog), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. jogged, p.pr. 
jogging], to push or shake slightly, 
usuallj^ with the elbow or hand, by 
way of reminder ; stimulate : v.i. to 
travel along with a slow trotting 
motion : n. a slight push or shake ; 
slow trot ; stimulant. 

johnny-cake (-kak), n. a flat maize 
cake, mixed with milk or water, 
quickly prepared at an ordinary fire. 

join (join), v.t. to unite; connect; 
associate ; add or annex ; to unite in 
marriage : v.i. to adhere ; be in con- 
tact ; be associated or in unity with : 
n. a joint or union. 

joinder ('der) , n. in law, the coupling 
of two or more causes of action into 
the same declaration. 

joiner ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, joins, especially an artisan 
who finishes the woodwork for 
houses, &c. 

joinery ('er-i), n. joiner's work. 

joint (joint), n. the place where two 
or more things join ; articulation of 
limbs ; node or internode ; hinge ; a 
fissure dividing rock masses into 
blocks ; one of the larger pieces into 
which a carcass is cut up ; a place of 
low resort ; as, an opium joint : adj. 
produced by the action of two or 
more ; united in or sharing : v.t. to 
form with, or unite by, joints ; cut 
or divide into joints, as meat. 

joint-stock company (-stok kum'pa- 
ni), n. a company the stock or cap- 
ital of which is divided into trans- 
ferable shares. 

jointure ('ur), n. landed estate or 
tenements settled on a woman in 
consideration of her marriage, to be 
enjoj^ed by her after the death of 
her husband : v.t. to settle a jointure 
upon. 



ate, arm. 



J, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



joi 



474 



jud 



joist (joist), n. a horizontal timber to 
which the boards of a floor or laths 
of a ceiling are fastened : vJ. to fur- 
nish with joists. 

joke (jok), n. something said or done 
to excite mirth ; jest ; sport : vA. to 
make jokes : v.t. to cast jokes at ; 
rally. 

joker ('er), n. a jester; an extra 
card, the highest trump card at 
euchre. 

jollification (jol-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
merry-making. 

jollity C'i-ti), n. the state of being 
jolly. 

jolly ('i), adj. comparative jollier, su- 
perlative jolliest], full of life and 
mirth ; gay ; inspiring mirth ; excel- 
lent ; most remarkable ; companion- 
able : adv. exceedingly : v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. jollied, p.pr. jollying], to joke 
or rally ; to treat well for the pur- 
pose of obtaining some advantage. 

jolly-boat (-bot), n. a ship's small 
boat. 

jolt (jolt), v.t. to shake by sudden 
jerks : v.i. to have a jerky motion : 
n. a sudden jerk. 

jonquil ('kwil), ^. a bulbous plant 
with fragrant flowers. Also jon- 
quille. 

jorum (jo'rum), n. a large drinking 
bowl. 

joss (jos), n. a Chinese god or idol. 

jostle ('1), v.t. to push against; el- 
bow. 

jot (jot), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. jotted, p.pr. 
jotting], to make a memorandum of 
(with dotvn) : n. a tittle. 

joule (joul), n. the unit of electrical 
force in the centimeter-gram-second 
system. 

journal (jer'nal), n. a record of news 
or events ; diary ; a book in which 
particular transactions are entered 
from the day-book ; a ship's log- 
book ; the bearing part of the shaft 
of a machine. 

journalism (-izm), n. newspaper or 
periodical literature ; the influence 
exercised by such literature ; the pro- 
fession of a journalist. 

journalist (-ist), n. an editor, or 
contributor to a journal or newspa- 
per ; one who keeps a journal. 



journalistic (-is'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to journals, journalists, or jour- 
nalism. 

journey (jer'ni), n. passage from one 
place to another ; a day's work or 
travel : v.i. to travel from one place 
to another. 

journeyman (-man),w. [pL journey- 
men (-men)], a mechanic who has 
served his apprenticeship. 

joust (joost), n. a mediaeval mock 
combat with blunted lances between 
two mounted knights : v.i. to engage 
in such a combat. 

jovial ( jov'i-al) , adj. convivial ; 
merry. 

joviality ('i-ti), n. conviviality; 
mirth. 

jovially {-\i) , adv. with joviality. 

jowl (joul), the jaw or cheek; head 
of a fish. 

joy (joi), n. exhilaration of spirits; 
gaiety ; gladness : v.i. to rejoice or 
be glad. 

joyful ('fool), adj. full of joy. 

jubilant (joo'bi-lant), adj. express- 
ing exultation ; triumphant. 

jubilate ('bi-lat), v.i. to express ex- 
ultation. 

jubilation (-la'shun), n. a shouting 
for joy ; declaration of triumph. 

jubilee ('bi-le), n. a Jewish festival 
celebrated every 50th year, to com- 
memorate the deliverance of the Is- 
raelites from Egyptian bondage ; the 
50th anniversary of any event ; a 
year of special indulgence granted 
by the Pope every 25th year. 

Judsean (-de'an), adj. pertaining to 
Judsea, &c. 

Judaic (-da'ik), adj. pertaining to 
the Jews. Also Judaical. 

Judaize (-iz), v.i. to conform to the 
rites and doctrines of the Jews : v.t. 
bring into conformity with Judaism. 

Judaism (da'izm), n. the religious 
rites and doctrines of the Jews ; con- 
formity to Jewish rites and doc- 
trines. 

judge (juj), n. the presiding official 
in a court of law, having authority 
to hear and determine civil and 
criminal causes ; arbitrator ; connois- 
seur; one of the chief rulers of the 
Israelites from the death of Joshua 



ate, iirm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



|ud 



475 



jun 



to the kingship of Saul : v.t. to ex- 
amine and pass sentence upon ; dis- 
tinguish ; consider : v.t. to come to a 
conclusion by comparison and con- 
sideration ; hear and determine a 
case, and pass sentence. 

judgment ('ment), n. the act of 
judging ; a judicial decision ; mental 
faculty of deciding correctly by the 
comparison of facts and ideas ; pen- 
etration ; intelligence;^ criticism; 
opinion ; punishment inflicted by 
God ; the final trial of mankind by 
God (with the) ; judgment-day. 

judicature ( 'di-ka-tur ), n. a. court of 
justice ; power of dispensing justice 
by legal trial and judgment. 

judicial (-dish'al), adj. pertaining to 
courts of justice or to the adminis- 
tration of justice ; proceeding from, 
or inflicted by, a court of justice ; 
impartial. 

judicially (-li), adv. in a judicial 
manner. 

judiciary ('i-a-ri), adj. pertaining to 
courts of justice ; passing judgment : 
n. judges collectively ; that branch of 
a government concerned with the ad- 
ministration of . civil and criminal 
law. 

judicious ('us), adj. prudent; dis- 

. creet. 

jug, v.t. to put into a jug; to cook in 
a jug ; to imprison : v.i. to imitate 
the cry of a nightingale; to nestle 
together as birds : n. an earthenware 
vessel with a handle, used to carry 
liquids ; a jail or prison. 

juggle (jug'l), v.t. to cheat by arti- 
fice : v.i. to conjure : n. a trick by 
sleight of hand ; imposture. 

jugglery ('ler-i), n. [pi. juggleries 
(-iz)], legerdemain; imposture. 

jugular ('u-lar), adj. pertaining to 
the neck or throat or jugular vein : 
n. a jugular vein. 

juice (joos), n. sap; the fluid parts 
of animal bodies. 

juicy (joo'si), adj. full of juice. 

jujube Cjoob), n. a kind of lozenge; 
the edible fruit of a shrub. 

julep ('lep), n. a drink composed of 
brandy or whisky sweetened and 
flavored ; a mixture of sugar and 
water serving as a vehicle for ad- 
ministering medicine. 



Julian C'lian), adj. pertaining to 
Julius Caesar, or to the Julian cal-* 
endar as adjusted by Julius Caesar 
46 B.C. : replaced by the Gregorian 
year (New Style) in England, 1752. 

julienne (zho6-li-en'), n. a clear meat 
soup with chopped carrots, &c. 

jumble ( jum'bl) , n. a confused mass ; 
a kind of thin cake : v.t. to mix in a 
confused mass ; throw together with- 
out order : v.i. to mix or unite con- 
fusedly. 

jumbo ('bo), n. a huge person or 
animal. 

jump (jump), n. sl spring or bound; 
the space jumped ; in mining, a 
fault : v.t. to cause to spring or 
bound ; leap over •, to take possession 
of (a mining claim) during the ab- 
sence of its owner : v.i. to spring 
upward or forward. 

jumper ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, jumps ; a name applied to 
certain religious sects who practice 
dancing under religious excitement ; 
a hooded Arctic fur jacket. 

junction (jungk'shun), n. the act of 
being joined ; union ; a point or place 
of union. 

juncture ('tur), n. the point or line 
at which two bodies are joined ; 
joint ; articulation ; particular or 
critical occasion. 

jungle (jung'gl), n. a dense tropical 
thicket of forest trees, brushwood, 
tall grasses, &c. 

jungly Cgli), adj. pertaining to, or 
covered with, jungle. 

junior (joon'yer), adj. younger; of 
lower standing ; pertaining to youth : 
n. the younger of two ; one of lower 
standing. 

juniority (-yor'i-ti), n. junior state. 

juniper (joo'ni-per), n. a shrub, the 
berries of which are used in flavor- 
ing gin. 

junk (jungk), n. short pieces of old 
cable, rope, &c., used for making 
mats, oakum, &c. ; hard salt ship 
beef; a Chinese flat-bottomed vessel 
Math a square bow and high stern, 
having the mast in one piece. 

junket (jung'ket), n. a preparation 
of curds a,rid cream ; a variety of 
sweetmeat ; excursion ; picnic : v.i. to 
participate in an excursion or picnic. 



ate, arm, a; 



:, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



jun 



476 



jus 



junta (jun'ta), n. a legislative assem- 
bly or council. 

junto ('to), n. [pi. juntos ('toz)], a 
secret council of state ; faction ; ca- 
bal. 

jupon (joo'pon), n. a petticoat. Also 
jupe. 

juridical (-rid'i-kal), adj, pertaining 
to law, judicial proceedings, or juris- 
prudence. 

jurisconsult (-ris-kon'sult), n. a 
jurist. 

jurisdiction (dik'shun), n. legal au- 
thority ; extent of power ; district 
over which any authority extends. 

jurisprudence (-proo'dens), n. legal 
science ; system of laws of a country. 

jurist Crist), n. one skilled in legal 
science. 

juror ('rer), n. a juryman. 

jury ('ri), n. a body of men, usually 
twelve, selected according to law and 
sworn to inquire into or decide on 
the evidence before them ; a commit- 
tee of experts selected to award 
prizes, &c., at a public exhibition, 
&c. 

jury-mast (-mast), n. a temporary 
mast. 

jus (jus), n. a right that may be le- 
gally enforced. 

just (just), adj. comformable to di- 
vine or human laws ; upright ; im- 
partial ; faithful ; exact ; regular ; 
fair : adv. exactly ; barely ; nearly ; 
almost ; perfectly. 

justice (jus'tis), n. the quality of be- 



ing just; rectitude in dealing with 
others ; impartiality ; a judge or 
magistrate. 

justiciary (-tish'i-a-ri), n. [pi. jus- 
ticiaries (-riz)], a judge. 

justifiable ( 'ti-f i'a-bl ) , adj. defensi- 
ble. 

justifiably (-bli), adv. so as to be 
justifiable. 

justification (-ka'shun), n. the act 
of justifying ; vindication or defense ; 
the act of acceptance of a man by 
God as justified by the merits of 
Jesus Christ. 

justify ('ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. justi- 
fied, p.pr. justifying], to show or 
prove to be just or right ; vindicate ; 
pardon ; accept and treat as just on 
the ground of faith and repentance : 
v.i. to conform to each other by 
proper spacing, as lines of type. 

jut (jut), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. jutted, p.pr. 
jutting], project beyond the main 
body. 

jute (joot), n. the fiber of an East 
Indian plant used for ropes, bag- 
ging, mats, &c. 

juvenescence (joo-ve-nes'ens), n. a 
growing young. 

juvenescent ('ent), adj. becoming 
young. 

juvenile ('ve-nil), adj. youthful; 
characteristic of, or suitable to, 
youth : n. a young person. 

juvenility (-niri-ti), n. youthfulness. 

juxta, a prefix meaning near^ as juxta- 
position. 



ate, arm, ask» at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon 
book; hue, hut; think, thQU. 




Kaaba (ka'ba), w. the shrine at Mec- 
ca towards which all Mohammedans 
turn when praying. 

Kaffir (kaf'er), n. any member of one 
of the Bantu tribes of South Africa ; 
the KaflSr language ; one of a non- 
Mohammedan race of Northern Af- 
ghanistan ; an infidel. Also Kafir, 
Kaffre, Caffre. 

kaftan (kaftan), n. a kind of vest 
worn in Oriental countries. Also 
caftan. 

kago (kag'o), n. a Japanese palan- 
quin. 

kaiser (ki'zer), n. the title of the em- 
perors of Germany and Austria. 

kaki (ka'ke), n. the Japanese date- 
plum. 

kale (kal), n. a cabbage with open 
curled leaves ; sea-kale. Also kail. 

kaleidoscope (ka-li'do-skop), n. an 
optical instrument which by an ar- 
rangement of mirrors causes objects 
viewed through it to appear in a 
variety of symmetrical and beautiful 
patterns. 

kalendar, kalends, see calendar, &c. 

kali (k§.'le), n. a species of glass- 
wort, the ashes of which are used in 
glass manufacture ; caustic potash ; 
a Persian carpet. 

kalif, same as caliph. 

Kalmuck (kal'muk), adj. pertaining 
to the Western Mongols, or to their 
language. 

kalmuck, n. a rough hairy kind of 
cloth. 

kami (ka'mi), n. a Japanese title 
equivalent to English Lord. 

kamis (-mes'), n. a long shirt worn 
by Mohammedans. 



Kanaka (ka-na'ka), n. a SandwicH 
Islander. 

kangaroo (kang-ga-roo'), n. a her- 
bivorous marsupial mammal peculiar 
to Australia, having short fore legs 
and long powerful hind legs, with 
which it leaps. 

kaolin (ka'o-lin), n. china or porce- 
lain clay. 

karat, same as carat. 

karyo, a prefix meaning nucleus, oc- 
curring in various scientific words. 

katakana (kat-a-kii'na) , n. the square 
style of writing of the Japanese. 

kayak (ka'yak), n. an Eskimo seal- 
skin canoe. Also kaiak, kajak. 

kea (ke'a), n. a New Zealand parrot, 
which feeds on carrion and attacks 
sheep. 

keckle (kek'l), v.t. to preserve (a 
rope, &c.) from chafing by a cover- 
ing of canvas, &c. 

kedge (kej), n. a light anchor used in 
warping : v.t. to warp. 

keel (kel), n. the chief and lowest 
timber of a vessel extending from 
stem to stern and supporting the 
whole frame : hence a ship ; a low, 
flat-bottomed ^oal-barge ; the lowest 
petals of the corolla of a papiliona- 
ceous flower ; carina : v.t. to furnish 
with a keel : v.i. turn up the keel ; 
give up. 

keel-boat ('bot), n. a large covered 
freight boat. 

keelhaul ('hawl), v.t. to drag under 
water beneath the bottom of a ship 
from one side to the other : formerly 
a naval punishment ; reprimand 
sternly. 

keelson ('sun), n. a beam or timber 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; booD* 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



477 



feee 



478 



kid 



laid on the middle of the floor tim- 
bers over the keel of a vessel to 
strengthen it. Kelson. 

keen ( ken ) , adj. sharp ; eager ; pierc- 
ing ; bitter ; acute : n. a shrill bitter 
wail [Irish]. 

keep (kep), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. kept, p. 
pr. keeping], to have the care of; 
guard ; preserve ; maintain ; do ; ob- 
serve ; fulfil ; supply vv^ith the neces- 
saries of life ; detain ; confine : v.i. 
to remain in any state or condition : 
n. subsistence ; the stronghold or 
donjon of a mediaeval castle. 

keeping ('ing), n. care; custody; 
charge ; subsistence ; harmony ; con- 
gruity. 

keepsake ('sak), n. something kept 
as a souvenir of the giver. 

keeve (kev), n. a large vat or tub. 

keg (keg), n. a small barrel. 

kelp (kelp), n. the calcined ashes of 
sea-weeds, from which iodine is ob- 
tained ; a large coarse seaweed or 
wrack. 

kelpie (kel'pi), 11. a malevolent water- 
sprite, supposed to take the form of 
a horse. 

Kelt, same as Celt. 

kemp (kemp), n. coarse rough hair 
or wool ; refuse of fur. 

ken (ken), n. view; knowledge: v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. kenned, p.pr. kenning], 
to know; descry [Scotch]. 

kendal ( 'dal ) , w. a coarse green cloth. 

kennel ('el), n. a house for a dog or 
pack of hounds ; lair of a fox ; street 
gutter ; vile lodging : v.t. to confine 
in a kennel : v.i. to live in a kennel. 

keno (ke'no), n. a game of chance 
played with numbered balls and 
cards. 

kepi (kep'i), n. a military cap with 
a straight vizor. 

keratin (ker'a-tin), n. the principal 
constituent of hair, nails, and horn. 

kerite (ke'rit), n. an insulating ma- 
terial made of vulcanized rubber. 

kermes (ker'mez), n. the dried bodies 
of a cochineal insect {Coccus ilicis) , 
furnishing a scarlet dye ; an oxysul- 
phide of antimony of a deep cherry 
color ; a festival or fair. 

kern (kern), ti. the overhanging part 
of a type. 

kernel ('el), n. a grain or seed; the 



edible substance of a nut or fruit 
stone ; essence. 

kerosene ('o-sen), n. refined petro- 
leum. 

Kerry ('i), n. an Irish breed of cattle. 

kersey ('zi), n. a coarse smooth-faced 
cloth. 

kerseymere (-mer), n. cassimere. 

kestrel (kes'trel), n. a kind of hawk. 

ketch (kech), n. a stoutly-built, two- 
masted, fore-and-aft rigged vessel. 

ketchup ('up), n. a sauce prepared 
from tomatoes, mushrooms, &c. 
Also catsup and catchup. 

kettle (ket'l), n. a metallic vessel 
for boiling liquids. 

kettledrum (-drum), n. a hemi- 
spherical copper drum ; afternoon 
tea party. 

key (ke), n. a portable metal instru- 
ment for operating a lock ; an in 
strument by which something io' 
turned, secured, or operated upon ; 
clef ; solution ; literal translation ^ 
v.t. fasten or connect with a key. 

keynote ('not), n. the fundamental 
note; ruling principle. 

keystone ('ston), n. central stone of 
an arch. 

khaki (ka'ki), n. a light drab-col- 
ored cloth. 

khan (kan), n. an Asiatic prince, 
chief, or governor ; a caravanserai. 

khanate ('at), n. the jurisdiction of 
a khan. 

khedive (ke-dev'), n. the oflScial title 
of the Viceroy of Egypt. 

khedeviate (-de'vi-at), n. the juris- 
diction of the khedive. 

kick (kik), n. a blow with the foot; 
a recoil : v.t. to strike with the foot : 
v.i. recoil ; resist. 

kickshaiv ('shaw), n. something fan- 
ciful or out of the way ; a delicacy. 

kid (kid), n. the young of the goat, or 
its soft skin used for gloves, &c. ; a 
child ; a small wooden tub : adj. 
made of kid : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. kidded, 
p.pr. kidding] , to bring forth a kid : 
v.t. to furnish or cover with kid ; 
humbug. 

kiddle (kid'l), n. a wicker fish- weir. 

kidnap ('nap), v.t. to get forcible 
and illegal possession of (human be- 
ings, especially children). 

kidney ('ni), n. [pi. kidneys ('niz)], 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



kil 



479 



kit 



one of two oblong flattened organs 
which separate the urine from the 
blood ; anything resembling a kid- 
ney ; sort or kind. 

kilerg (kil'erg), n. a unit of energy 
= 1,000 ergs. 

kill (kil), v.t. to deprive of life; de- 
stroy ; slay. 

kiln (kil), n. a furnace, oven, or pile 
for burning, drying, or hardening. 

kilogramme ('o-gram), n. 1,000 
grammes = 2.2046 lbs. 

kiloliter (-le'tr), n. 1,000. liters — 
220 imperial gals, (about). 

kilomieter (-me'tr), n. 1,000 meters 
= 3,280.8 feet. 

kilt (kilt), n. a short petticoat or 
philibeg of the Scottish Highland- 
ers ' v.t. to form into broad, flat 
plaits; tuck up [Scotch]. 

kimono (ki-mo'no), n. the loose outer 
robe of the Japanese. 

kin (kin), n. consanguinity; relation- 
ship ; kindred ; a Chinese lute. 

kind (kind), adj. benevolent; indul- 
gent ; affectionate ; sympathetic : n. 
genus or species ; quality ; variety ; 
sort. 

kindergarten (kin'der-gar-ten), n. 
a school for young children in which 
they are taught by diverting object 
lessons, &c. 

kindle (kind'l), v.t. to set fire to; in- 
flame. 

kindliness (kind'li-nes), n. kindly 
disposition. 

kindly ('li), adj. [comp. kindlier, 
superl. kindliest], benevolent; sym- 
pathetic ; beneficial ; natural : adv. 
in a kindly manner. 

kindness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being kind; a kind act. 

kindred (kin'dred), adj. of like na- 
ture or character ; cognate : n. rela- 
tionship by birth or marriage; con- 
sanguinity. 

kinematics (kin-e-mat'iks), n. the 
science of pure motion. 

kinetic ( ki-net'ik ) , adj. pertaining 
to, or imparting, motion ; active : 
n.pl. that branch of dynamics which 
treats of the action of forces in 
causing or influencing motion. 

kinetograph (-ne'to-graf ), n. an ap- 
paratus for taking photographs of 
moving objects and afterwards re- 



producing them on a screen, as if 
in actual motion. 

king (king), n. a male sovereign or 
ruler ; a piece or card representing 
a king in a game ; one who is spe- 
cially distinguished in the same 
class or kind. 

kingdom ('dum), n. the territory 
ruled by a king or queen ; royal au- 
thority ; sphere of influence ; primary 
division. 

kingfisher (-er), n. a fish-eating 
bird with bright blue and green or 
slate-blue and white plumage. 

kingwood ('wood), n. a hard violet- 
tinted wood imported from Brazil : 
used in turnery and cabinet-making. 

kink (kingk), n. a twist in a rope or 
thread when doubled ; whim : v.t. & 
v.i. to form kinks. 

kinkajou (king'ka-joo), n. a South 
American carnivorous mammal with 
a long prehensile tail. 

kinnikinic (kin-i-ki-ni!i'), n. a kind 
of tobacco smoked by the American 
Indians, made of the leaves of the 
sumac, willow, &c. 

kino (kl'no), n. an astringent gum, 
used in medicine, tanning, &c. 

kinsfolk (kins'fok), n. relatives. 

kiosk (ki-osk'), n. a Turkish open 
pavilion or summer house. 

kip (kip), n. the untanned skin of a 
calf or small cattle. 

kipper ('er), n. a salmon after 
spawning ; a salmon, herring, &c., 
cut open, salted, and smoke-dried : 
v.t. to cure, as a salmon. 

kirk (kerk), n. a church; the Church 
of Scotland (with the) [Scotch]. 

kirtle (ker'tl), n. an upper garment; 
petticoat : v.t. to array in a kirtle. 

kismet (kis'met), n. fate; destiny. 

kiss (kis), n. a salute or caress with 
the lips ; a slight touch : v.t. to sa- 
lute with the lips ; touch slightly : 
v.i. to caress mutually with the lips. 

kist (kist), n. a chest or box. 

kit (kit), n. a small wooden tub: a 
small violin ; traveling necessaries, 
outfit, &c. ; set ; a large bottle ; a 
family or brood. 

kitcat (kit'kat), n. a portrait 28x36 
in. showing half the length. 

kitcken (kich'en), n. a room set 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth. not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, ^^en. 



kit 



480 



knG 



apart for cooking ; ship's galley : adj. 
pertaining to the kitchen. 

kitcliener (-er), n. a cooking range. 

kite (kit), n. a rapacious bird of 
prey ; a light frame of wood cov- 
ered with paper or linen for flying 
in the air ; a light lofty sail ; an ac- 
commodation bill. 

kitk (kith), n. acquaintance. 

kitten, (kit'n), n. a young cat. 

kittiwake ('i-wak), n. a gull. 

kiwi (ke'wi), n. a New Zealand bird 
with a long bill. 

kleptomania (klep-to-ma'ni-a), n. a 
form of insanity manifesting itself 
in an irresistible propensity to steal. 

kleptomaniac ('ni-ak), n. one who 
is under the influence of klepto- 
mania. 

knack (nak), n. adroitness; dex- 
terity. 

knacker ('er), n. a horse-slaugh- 
terer ; dealer in worn-out horses. 

knapsack (nap'sak), n. a leather or 
cloth traveling case carried on the 
back. 

knap -weed ('wed), n. a purple-flow- 
ered plant ; bachelor's button. 

knave (nav), n. a dishonest or de- 
ceitful person ; a court-card with the 
figure of a soldier or servant. 

knavery ('er-i), n. [pi. knaveries 
(-iz)], dishonesty; fraud; deceit. 

knavish, ('ish), adj. dishonest; mis- 
chievous. 

knead (ned), v.t. to work into a mass, 
as dough ; operate upon in massage ; 
mold. 

knee (ne), n. the articulation of the 
leg and thigh bones ; anything re- 
sembling a knee: v.t. to connect or 
strengthen with knees. 

knee-breeckes ('brich-ez), n.pl. 
breeches reaching just below the 
knee. 

kneecap ('kap), n. a flattened oval 
bone on the forepart of the knee- 
joint ; patella. Also kneepan. 

kneel (nel), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. knelt, 
p.pr. kneeling], to bend, or fall 
upon, the knees. 

knell (nel), n. the sound of a bell 
when struck, especially a funeral 
bell ; an ill omen : v.t. & v.i. to sound 
or toll, as a funeral bell. 

knickerbockers (nik'er-bok-erz), n. 



pi. wide breeches gathered in below 
the knee. 

knickknack ('nak), n. a little orna- 
mental trifle ; kickshaw. 

knife (nif), n. [pi. knives (-nivz)], 
a cutting instrument with a sharp- 
edged blade set in a handle : v.t. to 
stab with a knife. 

knight (nit), n. one who holds non- 
hereditary rank next below a baro- 
net, entitling him to the prefix Sir; 
in mediaeval times, one of gentle 
birth, who, after serving as an es- 
quire, was admitted by certain cere- 
monies to military rank ; a cham- 
pion ; lover ; one of the pieces in 
chess : v.t. to confer the honor of 
knighthood upon. 

knightage ('aj), n. knights collec- 
tively. 

knight-errant (-er'ant), n. [pi. 
knights-errant], in the Middle Ages, 
a knight who went in quest of ad- 
venture, to show his prowess, chiv- 
alry, &c. 

knight-errantry (-tri), n. the prac- 
tices or customs of knights-errant. 

knighthood ('hood), n. the charac- 
ter, rank, or dignity, of a knight. 

knit (nit), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. knitted, 
p.pr. knitting], to tie, unite, or draw 
together ; weave together by nee- 
dies ; contract. 

knitting ('ing), n. the work of a 
knitter ; the netted fabric thus wo- 
ven ; union. 

knob (nob), n. the rounded handle of 
a door, &c. ; round protuberance ; 
knoll. 

knobby ('i), adj. full of knobs. 

knock (nok), n. a blow or stroke 
with something hard or heavy ; rap : 
v.t. to give a blow to ; drive or 
strike against : v.i. to strike a blow 
with something hard or heavy. 

knock-out ('out), n. a mechanical 
device for throwing out finished 
work ; a knock-down blow ending a 
fight. 

knoll (nol), n. a rounded hillock; 
hilltop. 

knop (nop), n. an architectural or- 
nament of clustered leaves and flow- 
ers ; button. 

knot (not), n. an interweaving or 
tying of thread or cord, &c. ; any- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boont 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ikzio 



481 



kym 



thing resembling a knot ; entangle- 
ment ; difficulty ; a hard part in a 
piece of wood ; part of a tree where 
the branches shoot out ; a division 
of a log-line (each 47.42 ft.) ; a 
nautical mile = 2,025 yds. ; bond 
of union ; group ; the red-breasted 
sand-piper : v.t. \_p.t. & p.p. knotted, 
p.pr. knotting], to tie in a knot; 
unite firmly or closely : v.i. form 
knots or joints ; make knots for 
fringe. 

knotting ('ing), n. a kind of lace 
work ; a paint of red lead, &c., for 
protecting metal. 

knotty ('i), adj. [comp. knottier, 
superl. knottiest], full of knots; 
rugged ; difficult. 

knout (nout), n. a leathern whip 
formerly used as a punishment in 
Russia : v.t. to punish with the 
knout. 

know (no), v.t. [p.t. knew, p.p. 
known, p.pr. knowing], to perceive 
with the mind ; understand clearly ; 
have knowledge of ; distinguish : v.i. 
to be informed. 

knowing ('ing), p.adj. having knowl- 
edge ; intelligent ; shrewd ; cunning ; 
stylish. 

knowledge (nol'ej), n. clear percep- 
tion of a truth or fact ; erudition ; 
skill from practice ; acquaintance ; 
information. 

knuckle (nuk'l), n. the projecting 
joint of the fingers ; the knee-joint 
of a calf or pig : v.i. to bend the 
fingers ; yield or submit. 

knur (ner), n. a hard knot or pro- 
tuberance. Also knurl. 

koa (ko'a), n. a Hawaiian tree of 
the Acacia genus yielding a valuable 
timber. 

kobold (ko'bold), n. a dwarf goblin 
or sprite frequenting houses, mines, 
and caves. 

kodak ('dak), n. a portable camera 
for taking instantaneous photo- 
graphs : v.t. to take an instanta- 
neous picture of. 

kofp (kof), n. a Dutch fishing-vessel. 

kohl (kol), n. powdered antimony, 
used in the East for imparting lus- 
ter to the eyes. 

koklrabi ('ra-bi), n. a variety of cab- 



kokra-wood (kok'ra-wood), n. the 
wood of an Indian tree, used for 
making flutes, &c., and in turnery. 

koniscope (kon'i-skop), n. an appa- 
ratus for determining the amount of 
dust contained in the air. 

koodoo (koo'doo), n. the striped an- 
telope of South Africa. 

kopeck, same as copeck. 

kopi (ko'pi),_w. an African peasant. 

kopje (kop'ye), n. a hillock [South 
Africa.] 

Koran, see Alcoran. 

koto (ko'to), n. a Japanese musical 
instrument, somewhat resembling 
the zither. 

koumiss (koo'mis), n. a spirituous 
beverage made by the Tartars from 
fermented mare's milk. Also kumiss. 

kowtow (ko-tou'), n. a Chinese form 
of salutation from an inferior to a 
superior by touching the ground 
with the forehead : v.i. salute by the 
kowtow. Also kotow. 

kraal (krawl), n. an African village 
consisting of a group of huts sur- 
rounded by a palisade ; a single 
hut ; a sheepfold, or cattle-pen. 

kraken (kra'ken), n. a sea-monster 
said to have been seen off the Nor- 
wegian coast. 

kremlin (krem'lin), n. a Russian 
citadel, especially that of Moscow. 

kreutzer (kroit'ser^, n. an Austriaji 
copper coin = % of a cent ; former- 
ly a German coin j= 2-3 of a cent. 

kriegspiel (kreg'spel), n. a military 
game with blocks to represent the 
various sections of an army as if in 
actual warfare. 

krone (kro'na), n. \_pl. kroner 
('ner)], a coin (crown) current in 
Teutonic and Scandinavian coun- 
tries = 27 cents. 

kiimmel (kem'el), n. a German and 
Russian liqueur, flavored with cara- 
way seeds. 

kutck (kuch), n. the packet of vel- 
lum leaves in which gold is placed 
to be beaten. 

kyanize (ki'an-iz), v.t. to impreg- 
nate (wood) for preservation with a 
solution of corrosive sublimate. 

kymograph, (-mo'graf), n. an ap- 
paratus for determining the pres- 
sure of blood. 



ate, arm, 



at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boonj 
book ; hue, hut ; think, ffcen. 




la (la), n. the sixth note of the 
scale [Mus.]. 

laager ('ger), n. an extemporized 
camp for defense, formed with wag- 
ons, «S:c. : v.t. to protect by a laager 
[South Africa]. 

label (la'bel), n. a small slip of 
paper, &c., attached to anything to 
indicate its destination, ownership, 
&c. ; codicil ; a projecting molding : 
v.t. to mark with, or affix, a label ; 
classify. 

labial (la'bi-al), adj. formed by the 
lips : n. a letter representing a 
sound so formed. 

labiate ('bi-at)_, adj. lipped. 

labiodental (-o-den'tal), adj. formed 
by the lips and teeth. 

labionasal (-na'zal), adj. formed by 
the lips and nose. 

labium ('bi-um), n. [pi. labia (-a)], 
a lip or lip-like organ. 

labor ('ber), n. toil or exertion, phys- 
ical or mental ; effort ; difficulty ; 
pain ; parturition : v.t. to cause to 
toil ; fabricate : v.i. to exert muscu- 
lar strength ; use mental efforts ; be 
hard pressed ; take pains ; move 
slowly ; pitch and roll heavily ; suf- 
fer the pains of childbirth. 

laboratory (lab'or-u-to-ri), n. [pi. 
laboratories (-riz)], a place where 
S scientific experiments and operations 
are carried on._ 

laborious (lu-bo'ri-us), adj. difficult; 
toilsome. 

labradorite (lab'ra-dCr-it), n. a 
feldspar displaying an iridescent 
play of colors. 

labrum (la'brum), n. [pi. labra 
('bra)], the lip-like shield of an in- 
sect's mouth. 



labrus (la'brus), adj. thick lipped. 

laburnum (la-ber'num), n. an orna- 
mental tree with pendent yellow 
flowers. 

labyrintb (lab'i-rinth), n. a series of 
intricate winding passages : from the 
structure made in Crete by Daeda- 
lus ; a maze ; inexplicable difficulty ; 
the winding cavities of the internal 
ear ; a series of troughs through 
which ore slime is passed and the 
metallic particles deposited. 

lac (lak), n. a resinous substance 
formed on certain trees by an in- 
sect {Carferia lacca) ; the inspis- 
sated sap of varous trees ; the sum of 
100,000 rupees = $500,000 (about). 

lace (las), n. an ornamental fabric 
of fine linen, cotton thread, gold or 
silver, &c., curiously woven ; a cord 
used for binding or fastening : v.t. 
to fasten with a lace ; adorn with 
lace ; beat. 

lacerate (las'er-at), v.t, to rend; 
wound. 

laceration (-a'shun), n. the act of 
rending ; a harrowing of the feel- 
ings ; a rent. 

lachrymal ('ri-mal), adj. pertaining 
to tears. 

lacbrymose ('ri-mos), adj. tearful; 
sad. 

lack (lak), v.t. to be destitute of: 
v.i. to be in need ; to be deficient ; 
come short : n. want : failure. 

lackadaisical (-a-da'zi-kal), adj. af 
fectedly pensive or sentimental. 

lackey ('i), n. a menial attendant; 
foo!man : v.t. to wait upon, as a 
lackey : v.i. act servilely. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, #7ien. 



482 



fac 



48.^ 



lam 



laconic (-kon'ik), adj. expressing 
much in few words. Also laconical. 

laconically (-ul-li), adv. briefly. 

lacquer (lak'er), n. a varnish con- 
sisting of shellac dissolved in alco- 
hol and variously colored : v.t. to 
varnish with lacquer. 

lacrosse (lii-kros'), n. a Canadian 
game resembling football, but played 
with a netted bat {crosse) . 

lact, a prefix meaning mlk, as lactic, 
adj. pertaining to milk. Also lacti, 
lacto. 

lactarine (lak'ta-rin), n. a prepara- 
tion of casein or milk curds : used 
extensively in calico printing. 

lactation (-ta'shun), n. secretion of 
milk ; the act or period of suckling. 

lacteal ('te-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or like, milk ; conveying chyle : n.pl. 
the lymphatic vessels which convey 
chyle from the intestines to the tho- 
racic-duct. 

lactic, see under lact. 

lactic acid ('tik as'id), n. a bitter 
acid contained in sour milk. 

lactometer (-tom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for ascertaining the spe- 
cific gravity of milk. 

lacuna (la-ku'na), n. \_pl. lacunae 
('ne) ], a blank space ; hiatus ; small 
pit or hollow. 

lacustrine (-kus'trin), adj. pertain- 
ing to a lake. 

lad (lad), n. a boy or youth; com- 
rade. 

ladder ('er), n. a framework con- 
sisting of two parallel side pieces 
connected by bars, &c., forming 
steps at suitable distances ; any- 
thing by which one climbs or as- 
cends. 

laddie ('i), n. a lad [Scotch]. 

lade (lad), v.t. {p.t. laded, p.p. laded, 
laden, p.pr. lading], to load; bur- 
den ; heave or throw out. 

lading ('ing), n, the act of loading; 
freight. 

ladle ( '1 ) , M. a deep spoon for serving 
out liquids : v.t. to dip up with a 
ladle. 

ladrone (la-dron'), n. a robber; ban- 
dit ; guerrilla. 

lady (la'di), n. [pi. ladies ('diz)], a 



well-bred woman; the title of the 
wife of a knight or a superior in 
rank to him ; the daughter of a 
duke, marquis, or earl ; mistress of a 
house. 

ladybird (-berd), n. a red coleop- 
terous insect marked with black 
spots. 

ladyship (-ship), n. the rank or title 
of a lady (with her or your). 

lag (lag), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. lagged, p.pr. 
lagging], to move slowly; loiter; 
stay behind : v.t. cause to be ar- 
rested or punished : adj. long de- 
layed ; last : n. retardation of me- 
chanical movement. 

lager beer (lii'ger ber), n. a German 
beer suitable for storing. 

laggard (lag'erd), n. a slow person; 
loiterer : adj. backward ; slow. 

lagoon (la-goon'), n. a shallow lake 
formed at the mouth of a river or 
near the sea ; marsh or fen. 

Lagtbing (liig'ting), n. the Norwe- 
gian Upper House of Parliament. 

laic (la'ik), adj. pertaining to the 
laity. 

laid (lad), p.t. & p.p. of lay; marked 
with fine parallel ribbed lines : said 
of paper. 

lain, p.p. of lie. 

lair (lar), n. the covert of a wild 
beast. 

laity (la'i-ti), n. the people, as dis- 
tinguished from the clergy. 

lake (lak), n. a large body of water 
surrounded by land ; a pigment. 

lama (iJi'ma), n. a Tibetan Buddhist 
priest, monk, or nun. 

lamb (lam), n. the young of a sheep; 
one who is gentle or innocent ; an 
inexperienced speculator : v.i. to 
bring forth lambs. 

lambent ('bent), adj. playing about; 
flickering ; touching lightly. 

lambkin ('kin), n. a little Icmb. 

lambrequin (lam'bre-kin), n. a fes- 
tooned drapery, hanging from the 
upper part of a window, doorway, 
&c. 

lambskin ('skin), n. the skin of a 
lamb dressed with the fleece on and 
frequently colored. 

lambswool ('zwool), n. the wool of 
lambs ; a beverage composed of ale 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut : think, then. 



lam. 



484 



Ian 



with nutmeg, sugar, and the pulp 
of roasted apples. 

laxue (lam), adj. crippled or disabled 
in the limbs ; not sound or efficient : 
v.t. to cripple or disable. 

lamella (la-melTi), n. [pi. lamellae 
('e) ], a thin scale or plate. 

lamellar (iam'e-lar), adj. composed 
of lamellae. 

lam.elli, a prefix meaning a plate or 
scale, found in various scientific 
words, as lamelUlorm : adj. scale- 
like. 

lamely (lam'li), adv. in a lame man- 
ner. 

lam.eness ('nes), n. state of being 
lame. 

lament (-ment'), v.t. to mourn for: 
v.i. to express sorrow : n. an expres- 
sion of sorrow ; lamentation. 

lamentable (lam'en-ta-bl), adj. to be 
lamented ; mournful ; pitiable. 

lamentably (-bli), adv. in a lamen- 
table manner. 

lamentation (-ta'shun), n. grief 
audibly expressed ; outcry. 

lamina (lam'i-na), n. [pi. laminae 
(-ne) ], a thin plate or scale; a coat 
or layer lying over another ; blade 
of a leaf or petal. 

laminar ('i-nar), adj. composed of 
thin plates. Also laminary. 

laminate ('i-nat), adj. composed of, 
or ^arranged in, laminae. 

lamination (-i-na'shun), n. divisi- 
bility or division into thin plates. 

lamp (lamp), n. a vessel for burning 
oil, &c., with a wick; any device for 
producing artificial light. 

lampblack ('blak), n. finely divided 
charcoal or soot : v.t. to apply lamp- 
black to. 

lampoon (lam-poon'), n. personal 
written satire designed to bring the 
subject of it into contempt : v.t. to 
satirize by a lampoon. 

lamprey ('pri), n. an eel-like fish. 

lanate (la'nat), adj. woolly. 

lance (lans), n. a long shaft of wood 
with a spear head; a thrust with a 
lancet : v.t. to pierce with a lance ; 
cut open with a lancet. 

lancelet ('let), n. the amphioxus. 

lanceolate (lan'se-6-lat), adj. taper- 
ing to a point at either end, as cer- 
tain leaves. 



lancer (lan'ser). n. a cavalry soldier 
armed with a lance : pi. a kind o£ 
quadrille. 

lancet ('set), n. a surgeon's knife ; a 
lancet-shaped or pointed window. 

lance-f^ood ('wood), n. a tough elas- 
tic wood used in coachbuilding, &c. 

lanciform ('si-form), adj. lance- 
shaped. 

land (land), n. the solid portion of 
the surface of the globe ; the earth ; 
a country or district ; real estate : 
v.t. to set on shore ; capture and 
bring on shore ; win : v.i. to come or 
go on shore ; disembark. 

landau ('do), n. a kind of carriage. 

landgrabber (land'grab-er), n. one 
who gets possession of public land 
by means of fraud ; in Ireland, one 
who buys or occupies land from 
which another has been evicted. 

landlord ('16rd), n. one who has 
tenants holding under him; the 
keeper of a hotel or inn. Fern. land- 
lady. 

landlordism (-izm), n. the action of 
landlords collectively, especially with 
respect to their landed interests. 

landlubber ('lub-er), n. one not a 
sailor. 

landrail ('ral), n. the corncrake. 

landscape ('skap), n. the general 
aspect of a country, or a picture 
representing it. 

Landstbing (lans'ting), n. the Up- 
per House of the Danish Parliament 
(Rigsdag). 

landsturm (lant'stiirm), n. the last 
reserve of the German army, only 
called out in time of war. 

Landtag ('takh), n. the Parliament 

. of one of the states comprising the 
German Empire. 

landwebr (lant'var), n. the reserve 
or militia of the German army. 

lane (Ian), n. a narrow path, as be- 
tween hedges, walls, &c. ; narrow 
street. 

language (lang'gwej), n. human 
speech ; the speech of one nation or 
race as distinguished from that of 
another ; style or expression peculiar 
to an individual. 

languid ('gwid), adj. wanting ener- 
gy ; weak. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then» 



Ian 



485 



lar 



languish ('gwish), v.i. to become 
weak or spiritless ; pine away ; look 
with tenderness or wistfulness. 

lank (lang'k), adj. lean; slender. 

lanky ('i), adj. tall and thin. 

lanner (lan'er), n. a species of 
hawk. 

lanolin ('o-lin), n. an unctuous sub- 
stance obtained from the wool of 
sheep, &c. 

lantern (lan'tern), n. a transparent 
case for holding or carrying a light ; 
the light-room of a lighthouse; a 
small tower on the roof of a building 
to admit light and air. 

lantern-jawed (jawd), adj. having 
a long thin face. 

lanthanum (lan'tha-num), n. sl rare 
metallic element. Also lanthanium. 

lanyard ('yard), n. a piece of rope, 
cord, &c., for seizing or fastening 
the tackle of a ship. Also laniard. 

lap (lap), n, the loose part of a gar- 
ment which may be doubled at pleas- 
ure ; part of the body or clothes from 
the waist to the knees of a person 
seated ; a name for various pieces 
of mechanism ; one length of a 
course which has to be passed over 
more than once in a race ; the act of 
lapping : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. lapped, 
p.pr. lapping], to bend and spread 
over ; lick up : v.i. to lie partially on 
something else. 

lapdog ('dog), n. a small pet dog. 

lapel (la-pel'), n. part of a coat which 
laps over. 

lapid, a preftoe meaning stone. 

lapidary (lap'i-da-ri), n. [pi. lapi- 
daries (-riz)], an artificer who cuts 
and sets precious stones ; a connois- 
seur or dealer in gems. 

lapis lazuli (la'pis laz'u-li), n. a rich 
blue stone from which ultramarine 
was originally obtained. 

Lapp (lap), n. a Laplander; the lan- 
guage of the Lapps. 

lappet ('et), n. a little loose flap. 

lapsable (laps'a-bl), adj. capable of 
lapsing. 

lapse (laps), v.i. to glide or slip 
slowly away ; fall by degrees ; com- 
mit a slight fault or fail in duty ; 
pass to another proprietor by negli- 
gence or death ; slide or fall anew 
into sin : n. a gliding or passing 



away slowly ; slight fault or miS' 
take; omission to present to a bene- 
fice within a certain time. 

lapsus ('sus), n. a slip or mistake. 

lapwing (lap' wing), n. a plover-like 
bird. 

larboard (lar'bord), n. the term used 
formerly for the port or left-hand 
side of a ship. 

larcenous ('se-nus), adj. theivish. 

larceny ('se-ni), 71. theft. 

larch (larch), n. a coniferous tree. 

lard (liird), n. the fat of swine 
melted down : v.t. to cover with 
lard ; insert strips of bacon in before 
roasting : hence to mix. 

lardaceous (lar-da'shus), adj. per- 
taining to, or resembling, lard. Also 
lardy. 

larder ('der), n. a pantry; house* 
hold provisions. 

large (larj), adj. great in size; 
bulky ; wide ; extensive ; comprehen- 
sive. 

largely ('li), adv. to a large extent; 
boastfully ; before the wind : said of 
a vessel. 

largeness ('nes), n. the state of 
being large. 

largess Cjes), n. a gift or bounty. 

lariat (lar'i-at), n. a rope or lassoy 
especially of horsehair. 

lark (lark), n. a noted song-bird of 
the genus Alauda; a frolic. 

larking ('ing), p.adj. catching larks; 
indulging in a frolic. 

larkspur ('sper), n. a plant with 
showy blue spurred flowers. 

larmier (lar'mi-er), n. a corona or 
dripstone. 

larrup (lar 'up), V.t. to beat or flog. 

larva (lar'va), n. [pi. larvae ('ve)], 
an insect in the first stage of its 
metamorphosis after leaving the egg. 

larval ('val), adj. pertaining to a 
larva. 

larviparous (-vip'a-rus), adj. pro- 
ducing young in the state of larvae 

laryngeal (lar-in-je'al), oc?y. pertain- 
ing to, or situated near, the larynx. 

laryngectomy (-jek'to-mi), n. the 
operation of cutting away a part o£ 
the larynx. 

laryngismus (-jis'mus), n. a spas- 
modic affection of the glottis. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



iar 4S 

laryngitis (-ji'tis), n. inflammation 
of the larynx. 

laryngo, a prefix meaning larynx, 
as laryngoscope, an instrument fur- 
nished with mirrors for inspecting 
the larynx. 

laryngotomy (-got'o-mi), n. the sur- 
gical operation of cutting into the 
windpipe. 

larynx ('ingks), n. the upper part 
of the trachea or windpipe. 

lascar (las-kar'), n. an East Indian 
sailor employed on a European ves- 
sel. 

lascivious (-siv'i-us), adj. lustful; 
wanton ; exciting lust. 

lash (lash), v.t. to strike with a 
sounding blow ; whip ; scourge with 
satire; fasten or bind with a cord 
or rope : i\i. to apply the whip ; 
flog : n. the thong of a whip ; a 
scourge ; stroke with anything 
pliant ; sarcasm or satire. 

lasher ('er), n. one who lashes; a 
weir. 

lashing ('ing), n. a cord, rope, &c., 
to secure or bind anything ; a whip- 
ping. 

lass (las) , n. a young woman ; girl. 

lassie ('i), n. a lass [Scotch]. 

lassitude ('i-tud), n. weariness; lan- 
guor. 

lasso ('o), n. a rope, usually of hide, 
with a noose, used for catching wild 
horses and cattle : v.t, to catch with 
a lasso. 
last (last), adj. coming after all oth- 
ers in time, place, or order ; lowest ; 
utmost ; least likely : adv. on the last 
time or occasion ; finally : v.i. to re- 
main in existence or operation ; en- 
dure : n. a wooden implement for 
shaping boots and shoes. 
lasting ('ing), adj. durable; perma- 
nent : n. a twilled fabric used for 
making women's shoes. 
lastly ('li), adv. in the last place. 
latch (lach), n. a door catch: v.t. to 

secure or fasten with a latch. 
latchet ('et), n. a shoe string. 
late (lat), adj. [coniiJ. later, superl. 
latest], coming after the usual time; 
tardy ; long delayed ; far in the day 
or night ; recent ; recently deceased : 
adv. after delay ; recently. 



) lat 

lateen (la-ten'), n. a triangular sail 
used on boats on the Mediterranean, 
&c. 

lately ('li), adv. not long ago. 

latency (la'ten-si), n. the state of 
being latent. 

latent ('tent), n. concealed; invis- 
ible. 

lateral (lat'er-al), adj. pertaining 
to, proceeding from, or acting upon, 
the side. i 

Lateran ('er-an), n. the Papal pal- i 
ace, and the church of St. John 
Lateran at Rome, the cathedral of 
the Pope. ^ || 

latero, a prefix meaning side. | 

lath (lath), n. a strip of wood. '' 

lathe (la^7i), n. a machine for turn- 
ing and polishing articles of wood, 
metal, &c. 

lather (\a.th'er), n. froth made by 
moistened soap ; profuse sweating : 
v.t. to cover with lather. 

Latin (lat'in), adj. pertaining to, 
written, or expressed in, Latin ; per- 
taining to Latium, ancient Rome, 
its inhabitants or language, or the 
races and languages derived from 
Rome ; Roman ; Roman Catholic : n. 
an ancient Roman ; the language of 
ancient Rome and its literature. 

Latin cross (kros), n. a cross hav- 
ing the lowest limb longer than the 
two sides and top. 

Latinize ('in-Iz), v.t. to give Latin 
terminations, or characteristics, to ; 
translate into Latin. 

Latinism (-izm), n. a Latin idiom. 

Latinist (-ist), n. a Latin scholar. 

Latinity ('i-ti), n. purity of Latin 
style or idiom. 

latitude ('i-ttid), n. distance on the 
earth's surface as measured by de- 
grees north or south from the equa- 
tor ; breadth ; extent ; freedom from 
rules ; laxity ; range or scope. 

latitudinal ('di-nal), adj. pertain- 
ing to latitude; in the direction of 
latitude. 

latitudinarian (-di-na'ri-an), adj. 
wide in range or scope ; tolerant in' 
speculative religious opinions : w, 
one who holds latitudinarian views. 

latten (lat'en), n. metal in thin 
sheets. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite,, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



lat 



487 



lay 



latter ('er), adj. the second of two 
things previously mentioned ; re- 
cent ; modern. 

lattice ('is), n. crossed open work 
of metal or wood : v.t. to furnish or 
cross with a lattice. 

laud (lawd), v.t. to praise highly; 
extol : n. praise ; worship or hymn 
of praise. 

laudable ('a-bl), adj. commendable. 

P laudanum ('a-num), n. a prepara- 
tion of opium. 

laudator ('a-ter), w. one who praises. 

laudatory ('a-to-ri), adj. expressing 
praise. 

laugh (liif), n. a convulsive sound 
caused by merriment : v.i. to ex- 
press merriment, &c,, by a laugh ; 
appear gay, pleasant, &c. ; jeer 
(with at) : v.t. to express or utter 
with laughter. 

laughing-gas ('ing-gas), n. nitrous 
oxide. 

laughing-stock (-stok), n. object of 

I laughter. 

laughter ('ter), n. convulsive merri- 
ment. 
launch (lanch), v.t. to move or cause 
to slide into the water, as a vessel ; 
hurl ; dart ; send forth : v.i. to put 
to sea ; expatiate in language ; 
plunge ; enter on a new career : n. 
the act of launching a vessel ; 
plunge ; the largest boat of a man- 
of-war; a large open pleasure-boat 
usually propelled by steam, gas, or 
electricity. 
laundress (lawn'dres), n. a washer- 
woman. 
laundry ('dri), n. Ipl. laundries 
('driz)], a place where clothes are 
washed and ironed. 
laureate (law're-at), adj. decked or 
I invested with laurel : n. one crowned 

I with laurel ; poet-laureate. 

laurel ('rel), n. an evergreen shrub; 
crown or wreath of laurel : hence 
honor ; distinction. 
laureled ('reld), adj. crowned with 

laurel. 
lava (la'va), n. molten volcanic mat- 
ter. 
lavatory (lav'a-to-ri), n. [pi. lava- 
tories (-riz)], a place for washing; 
retiring-room. 
lave (lav) , v.t. & v.i. to bathe or wash. 



lavender (lav'en-der), an aromatic 
plant. 

laver (la'ver), n. a large vessel for 
washing in, especially the brazen 
laver of the Jewish tabernacle and 
temple used by the priests ; an edible 
seaweed. 

lavish (lav'ish), adj. profuse ; extrav- 
agant : v.t. expend or bestow with 
profusion ; squander ; waste. 

laiv (law), n. a rule of action estab- 
lished by authority ; edict, statute, 
or custom ; act or enactment of a 
legislative body ; jurisprudence ; ju- 
dicial process ; rule or axiom of 
science or art ; established principle ; 
the Mosaic code. 

lawful ('fool), adj. agreeable or com- 
formable to law ; just ; legal. 

lawfully (-li), adv. legally; justly. 

lawless ('les), adj. not obedient to 
or controlled by law; not according 
to law ; ungoverned ; unruly. 

lawn (lawn), n. a plot of grass kept 
closely mown ; fine cambric used for 
the sleeves of a bishop's gown ; 
hence the office of a bishop. 

lawn-tennis ('ten-is), n. an outdoor 
game played with rackets, balls, and 
a net. 

lawsuit ('sut), n. an action at law. 

lawyer ('yer), n. one skilled in legal 
knowledge ; one, especially a solic- 
itor, who practices in the law- 
courts; a skilled exponent of the 
Mosaic law. 

lax (laks), adj. loose; vague; weak. 

laxative ('a-tiv), adj. loosening; pur- 
gative. 

laxity ('i-ti), n. the state or quality 
of being lax. Also laxness. 

lay (la), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. laid, p.pr. 
laying], to put or place; spread 
over ; cause to lie down ; settle ; 
calm ; bring forward ; wager ; de- 
posit ; exercise ; set or place secret- 
ly ; impose ; impute : v.i. to produce 
eggs : n. relative arrangement ; par- 
ticular business ; share of profits ; a 
simple song : adj. pertaining to the 
people, as distinguished from the 
clergy ; non-professional. 

layer ('er), n. a stratum, row, or 
bed ; runner of a plant fastened 
down and covered with earth for 
propagation. 



tte, arm. 



at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; booa 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



lay 



488 



lea 



iay^figure ('fig-ur), n. an artist's 
jointed model for hanging drapery 
upon ; a mere puppet. 

laying ('ing), n. a sitting of eggs; 
the first coat of plaster. 

layman ('man), n. [pi. laymen 
('men)], one of the people, as dis- 
tinguished from a clergyman ; a non- 
professional man. 

lazaretto (laz-a-ret'o), n. a hospital 
for persons suffering with infectious 
diseases ; a ship's store-room. Also 
lazaret. 

lazily (la'zi-li), adv. in a lazy man- 
ner. 

laziness (-nes), n. indolence; slug- 
gishness. 

lazTilite (laz'u-lit), n. an azure blue 
mineral. 

lazy (la'zi), adj. [conip. lazier, superl. 
laziest], idle; indolent; slothful. 

lazzarone (laz-a-ro'ne), n. [pi. laz- 
zaroni ('ni)], a Neapolitan loafer 
who does casual work. 

lea (le), n. a meadow. 

leacli (lech), v.t. to pass water 
through (ashes) to form lye. 

lead (led), n. a soft heavy ductile 
bluish-grey metal ; a plummet for 
sounding depths at sea ; a thin strip 
of type-metal for separating lines ; 
a stick of graphite ; a sheet of lead : 
adj. consisting, wholly or partially, 
of lead : v.i. to furnish with lead. 

lead (led), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. led, p.pr. 
leading], to conduct with the hand; 
guide or conduct ; precede ; allure ; 
induce ; spend or use : v.i. to take 
precedence ; act as a leader ; play the 
first card or domino : n. guidance ; 
precedence ; the right to play first. 

leaded (led'ed), p.adj. separated by 
leads ; set in, or covered with, lead. 

leaden ('en), adj. made of, or colored 
like, lead ; heavy ; sluggish, 

leader (led'er), n. one who leads; the 
chief editorial article of a news- 
paper ; tendon ; the foremost horse in 
a vehicle. 

leaderette (-ef), n. a short newspa- 
per leader. 

leaf (lef), n. [pi. leaves (levz)], one 
of the thin flat parts of a plant ; 

' anything thinly beaten ; something 
resembling a leaf ; part of a book 



containing two pages ; a valved part 
of a table^ shutter, &c. 

leafage ('aj), n. leaves collectively. 

leaflet ('let), n. a small leaf; a tract 
or folding circular. 

leafy ('i), adj. [comp. leafier, superl. 
leafiest], full of leaves. 

league (leg), n. an alliance for mu- 
tual interests ; confederacy ; 3 geo- 
graphical miles : v.t. to combine for 
mutual interests : v.i. to confederate. 

leak (lek), n. a hole which lets in 
water : v.i. to let water in or out 
through a hole, &c. 

leakage ('aj), n. the state of a ves- 
sel that leaks ; allowance for loss 
by leakage. 

leal (lei), adj. true-hearted [Scotch]. 

lean (len), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. leaned, 
leant, 2:).pr. leaning], to incline or 
deviate from an upright position : 
v.t. to cause to lean ; rest : adj. thin ; 
sterile. 

lean-to CtoS), n. a building whose 
rafters rest on another building; 
penthouse. 

leap (lep), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. leaped, 
leapt, p.pr. leaping], to pass over by 
leaping ; jump or spring over : v.i. to 
jump ; vault : n. the act of leaping ; 
jump ; spring ; the space passed in 
leaping. 

leap year (yer), n. sl year of 366 
days, when February has 29 days ; 
every year divisible by 4, except 
those divisible by 100 but not by 
400. 

learn (lern), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. learned, 
learnt, p.pr. learning], to acquire 
knowledge of ; fix in the mind : v.i. 
to gain or receive knowledge or skill. 

leai^ned ('ed), p.adj. erudite; skilled. 

learning ('ing), n. skill in literature, 
languages, or science ; knowledge ac- 
quired. 

lease (les), n. a written contract for 
the letting of land or tenements for 
a specified number of years ; period : 
v.t. to let by a written contract ; 
take a lease of. 

leasehold ('hold), n. property held 
by lease : adj. held on lease. 

leash (lesh), n. a thong by which a 
hawk or hound is held ; a brace and 
a half ; three ; a band by which 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



lea ^ 41 

anything is held : v.t. to tie or bind 
by a leash. 

least (lest), adj. smallest in degree, 
size, value, importance, &c. : adv. in. 
the lowest or smallest degree. 

leather {leth'ev), n. the tanned and 
curried skin of an animal ; anything 
made of, or resembling, leather. 

leatberback ('bak), n. the soft- 
shelled turtle. 

leatlierette (-ef), n. imitation 
leather. 

leathern ('ern), adj. made of, or re- 
sembling, leather. 

leave (lev), n. permission granted; 
departure ; farev^ell : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
left, p.pr. leaving], to depart from; 
forsake, abandon ; bequeath ; desist 
from ; refer for decision : v.i. to de- 
part; go away. 

leaven (lev'n), v.i. to produce fer- 
mentation in ; taint ; imbue : n. fer- 
ment mixed with a body to render it 
light ; any influence working silently 
and strongly that causes changes in 
things or opinions. 

lecher (lech'er), n. a lewd man. 

lechery ('er-i), n. lustf ulness ; lewd- 



lectern (lek'tern), n. the reading 
desk of a church. 

lection ('shun), n. reading; a por- 
I tion of the Scriptures to be read in 

^ the church service. 

lectionary- (-a-ri), n. a table of les- 
sons. 

lector ('ter), n. one of the minor or- 
ders of the Roman Catholic Church ; 
a reader. 

lecture ('tur), n. a formal discourse 
on any subject ; reprimand : v.i. to 
deliver a lecture : v.t. to reprimand. 

ledge (lej), n. a shelf; ridge; layer; 
edge. 

ledger ('er), n. the principal account 
book of a mercantile house. 

ledger-line (-lin), n. the line either 
above or below the staff [Mus.]. 

lee (le), n. the side or quarter to- 
wards which the wind blows ; calm 
or sheltered side. 

leech (lech), n. an aquatic worm fur- 
nished with a sucker, used in medi- 
cine for bleeding : formerly the name 
for a physician : v.t. to bleed with 
leeches. 



) leg 

leek (lek)', n. a biennial plant of the 
onion family with a bulbous root. 

leer (ler), n. a sly, sidelong look 
indicative of malice, triumph, or 
lasciviousness : v.i. to look with a 
leer. 

lees (lez), n.pl. dregs of liquor. 

leeward (le'werd), n. in the direction 
towards which the wind blows : n. 
lee side. 

leeway (le'wa), n. the lateral drift of 
a vessel to leeward of her course; 
arrears. 

left (left), adj. opposite to right: n. 
the side opposite to right : p.t. & p.p. 
of leave. 

left-handed ('hand-ed), adj. using 
the left hand with greater strength 
or dexterity ' than the right ; awk- 
ward ; malicious ; irregular. 

leg (leg), n. one of the limbs by 
which men and animals walk, espe- 
cially in man between the knee and 
the ankle ; anything resembling a 
leg, especially if used as a support ; 
a covering for the leg ; one of the 
fielders in cricket. 

legacy ('a-si),^. [29L legacies (-siz)], 
a gift by will of money or property ; 
bequest. 

legal (le'gal), adj. pertaining to law ; 
permitted or authorized by law ; 
legitimate. 

legalize ('iz), v.t. to make lawful; 
sanction. 

legalism (-izm), n. close adherence 
or conformity to law ; the observ- 
ance of the strict letter of the law 
rather than its spirit. 

legality ('i-ti), n. conformity to law. 

legally ('li), adv. lawfully. 

legate (leg'at), n. a papal ambassa- 
dor; envoy. 

legatee (-a-te'), n. a person to whom 
a legacy is bequeathed. 

legatine ('a-ten), adj. pertaining to 
a legate. 

legation (le-ga'shun), n. an embas- 
sy ; ambassador ; the official resi- 
dence of an ambassador. 

legend (lej'end), n. a romantic or 
non-historical story ; myth ; fable ; 
inscription, as on a coin, coat of 
arms, &c. 

legendary ('end- a-ri), adj. fabulous j 
mythical. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



leg 



490 



leo 



legerdemain (-er-de-man') , n. sleight 
of hand. 

legged (legd or leg'ed), adj. having 
legs. 

leggings (leg'ingz), n.pl. long gai- 
ters. 

I<egliorxi (leg'horn), n. a bonnet or 
hat made of finely plaited Leghorn 
straw ; a variety of domestic fowl. 

legibility (lej-i-biri-ti)., n. the state 
of being legible. Also legibleness. 

legible ('i-bl), adj. capable of being 
read ; clear ; distinct ; apparent 

legibly ('i-bli), adv. clearly; distinct- 
ly. 

legion (le'jun), n. a division of the 
ancient Roman army ; a great num- 
ber ; host ; suborder. 

legionary ('jun-d-ri)/ «(?/. pertain- 
ing to, or consisting of, legions ; in- 
numerable : n. a soldier of a Roman 
legion. 

legislate (lej'is-lat), v.i. to make or 
enact a law : v.t. to effect by legis- 
lation. 

legislation (-la'shunj, n. the act of 
making a law or laws. 

legislative ('is-la-tiv), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or enacted by, legislation ; 
having the power to legislate : n. 
the legislature. 

legislator (-la-ter), n. a lawgiver; a 
member of a legislative assembly. 

Legislature (-la-tur), n. that body 
in a state which is invested with the 
power of enacting and repealing 
laws ; the legislative body of a state 
or territory. 

legitimacy (le-jit'i-ma-si), n. the 
state of being legitimate ; lawfulness 
of birth. 

legitimate ('i-mat), adj. lawful; 
born in wedlock ; real ; logically cor- 
rect : v.t. to make, or sanction as, 
lawful ; render legiti'mate. Also le- 
gitimize. 

legitimately (-11), adv. in a legiti- 
mate manner. 

legitimation (-ma'shun), n. the act 
of making legitimate or lawiul. 

legume (le-gtim'), n. a two-valved 
seed-vessel having its seeds attached 
to one side only, as a pea-pod. 

legumin (le-gu'min), n. vegetable 
casein. 



leipoa (li-po'a), n. the native pheas- 
ant of Australia. 

leisure (le'zhur), n. spare time: adj. 
free from business ; unoccupied. 

leisured ('zhurd), a^/. having leisure. 

leisurely (-11), adj. done at leisure; 
deliberate : adv. at leisure. 

lemon ('un), n. the acid fruit of Cit- 
rus Limonum ; the color of a lemon : 
adj. pertaining to, or of the color 
of, a lemon. 

lemonade (-ad), n. a beverage of 
sweetened or aerated water flavored 
with lemon. 

lemur (le'mer), n. a small nocturnal 
animal allied to the monkeys. 

lend (lend), v.t. [p.*. & p.p. lent, p.pr, 
lending], to grant to another for 
temporary use ; accommodate : v.i. to 
make a loan. 

lene (le'ne), adj. unaspirated. 

length (length), n. the measure of 
anything from end to end ; extent ; 
duration ; reach ; forty-two lines of 
an actor's part. 

lengthen ('en), v.t. to make long or 
longer : v.i. to grow longer. 

lengthily (.'i-li), adv. at great length. 

length-wise ('wiz), adv. in the direc- 
tion of the length. 

lengthy ('i), adj. long and tiresome. 

leniency (le'ni-en-si), n. clemency. 

lenient ('ni-ent), adj. mild; merci- 
ful. 

lenitive (len'i-tiv), adj. assuaging; 
emollient. 

lenity (len'i-ti), n. mildness; human- 
ity. 

leno (le'no), n. a kind of cotton gauze. 

lens (lenz), n. a convex, or concave, 
glass adapted for changing the di- 
rection of rays of light and thus 
magnifying or diminishing the ap- 
parent size of objects ; the crystal- 
line humor of the eye. 

Lent (lent), n. a fast of 40 days (ex- 
cluding Sundays), Ash Wednesday 
to Easter eve. 

Lenten (lent'en), adj. pertaining to 
Lent. 

lenticular (len-tik'u-lar), adj. dou- 
bly convex. 

lentil ('til), n. a leguminous plant: 
pi. its orbicular seeds, used for food. 

Leonid ('o-nid), n. one of the me- 



ute, iirm. ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



leo 



491 



lev 



I 



teors that fall in showers during 
November of certain years, their 
chief point being in the constellation 
Leo. 

leonine ('o-nin), adj. like a lion; 
powerful ; kingly. 

leopard (lep'ard), n. a large cat-like 
beast of prey, with a beautiful spot- 
ted skin. 

leper ('er), n. one affected with lep- 
rosy. 

leprosy ('ro-si), n. \_pl. leprosies 
(-siz)], a chronic skin disease char- 
acterized by ulcers and white scaly 
scabs. 

leprous ('rus), adj. infected with lep- 
rosy ; covered with white scales ; un- 
clean. 

lepto, a prefix meaning small, slender, 
delicate, occurring in various scien- 
tific words, as Zep^ocephaly, small- 
ness and narrowness of the skull, as 
in certain races. Also lept. 

lese-majesty (lez-maj'es-ti), n. a 
crime against royalty or the sover- 
eign power ; treason. 

lesion (le'zhun), n. injury; morbid 
change in a function or organism. 

less (les), adj. (used as comparative 
of little), not so much; smaller: 
adv. in a smaller or lower degree : n. 
a smaller quantity : sufpx meaning 
absence of a quality, without, as 
soulless, worthless, &c. 

lessee (-e'), n. a person to whom a 
lease is granted. 

lessen ('en), v.t. to make less ; reduce. 

lesser ('er), adj. a double compara- 
tive of less. 

lesson (les'n), n. that which a pupil 
leans, or repeats, or does for a tutor ; 
instruction or lecture given at one 
time ; exercise ; precept ; a portion of 
Scripture read at divine service ; ad- 
monition. 

lessor ('er), n. the grantor of a lease. 

lest (lest), conj. that not; for fear 
that. 

let (let), v.t. Ip.t. & p.p. let, p.pr. let- 
ting], to permit; grant to a tenant; 
lease ; give out on contract : v.i. to 
be hired or leased ; suffer something 
to be done {let in the imperative 
mood is used to denote entreaty, per- 
mission or command) : n. an obsta- 
cle. 



lethal (le'thal), adj. deadly; fatal. 

lethargic (le-thar'jik), adj. affected 
by lethargy ; sluggish ; drowsy ; dull, 

letliargically (-al-li), adv. in a le- 
thargic manner. 

lethargy (leth'ar-ji), n. morbid 
drowsiness ; unnatural prolonged 
slumber ; apathy. 

Eethe (le'the), n, in classic mythol- 
ogy, the stream of forgetfulness of 
the under world, whose waters, when 
drunk, produced loss of memory : 
hence oblivion, forgetfulness. 

letter ('er), n. a mark or character 
used to represent a sound ; written 
or printed communication ; a print- 
ing type ; literal meaning ; a docu- 
ment certifying certain privileges, 
authority, &c. : pi. knowledge ; eru- 
dition : v.t. to impress or inscribe 
letters upon. 

lettered ('erd), adj. learned; in- 
scribed or marked with letters. 

lettering ('ing), n. the act or pro- 
cess of inscribing with letters ; let- 
ters collectively ; title ; inscription. 

letters patent ('erz pat'ent), n. a 
written document under seal of the 
Government, authorizing a person to 
do some act or enjoy some privilege. 

leuco, a prefix meaning white, as leu- 
oocyte, a minute mass of protoplasm 
found in white blood corpuscles 
which preys upon bacteria in the 
blood. 

leucoma (Iti-ko'ma), n. a white opac- 
ity of the cornea of the eye. 

leucorrhoea (-re'a), n. vaginal ca- 
tarrh. 

Levant (le-vant'), n. the eastern 
coasts of the Mediterranean. 

levator (-va'ter), n. a muscle that 
serves to raise some part. 

levee (lev'e), n. a morning reception 
held by a sovereign or personage of 
high rank ; properly, one attended 
by gentlemen only ; a river embank* 
ment : v.t. to embank. 

level ('el), n. a horizontal plane or 
line ; surface without inequalities ; 
state of equality ; standard : line of 
direction ; an instrument for indi- 
cating a horizontal line or plane; 
section of a canal from one lock to 
another : adj. even ; horizontal ; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl 



me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not : 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



boon. 



lev 



492 



Hb 



smooth ; equal to something else in 
importance : v.t. to make even ; free 
from inequalities ; bring to the same 
level ; point in taking aim. 

lever (lev'er or le'ver), n. a bar of 
metal, &c., turning on a support 
(fulcrum) for raising a weight. 

leverage (-aj), n. the mechanical 
power gained by using a lever ; lever 
action. 

leveret lev'er-et), n. a young hare. 

leviable ('i-a-bl), adj. that may be 
levied upon or seized ; assessable, 

leviathan (le-vi'a-than), n. a large 
unidentified aquatic animal (Job xli. 
1) ; anything huge, as a whale, &c. 

levigate (lev'i-gat), v.t. to reduce to 
a fine, impalpable powder. 

levitation (lev-i-ta'shun), n, light- 
ness ; buoyancy. 

levity (lev'i-ti), n. lightness of dis- 
position, conduct^ &c. ; inconsisten- 
cy; trifling gaiety; lightness of 
weight. 

levnlose (lev'ii-los), n. fruit-sugar. 

levy Ci), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. levied, p.pr. 
levying], to raise or collect, as an 
army or tax ; seize in execution : v.i. 
to make a levy : n. the act of raising 
money or men ; amount or number 
raised. 

lewd (lud), adj. licentious; libidi- 
nous. 

lexicographer (-kog'ra-fer), n. the 
editor or compiler of a dictionary or 
lexicon. 

lexicography ('ra-fi), n. the art or 
occupation of compiling dictionaries 
or lexicons. 

lexicology (-kol'o-ji), n. the science 
of the derivation and correct mean- 
ing of words and their correct appli- 
cation. 

lexotheism (leks-o'the-izm), n. the 
doctrine that the universe is gov- 
erned by natural law instead of by a 
personal supreme being. 

Leyden jar (li'dn jar), n. a glass jar, 
coated outside and inside with tin 
foil, for accumulating electricity. 

liability (-a-bil'i-ti,) n. [pi. liabili- 
ties (-tiz)], the state of being iia- 
^ ble : pi. debts. 

liable ('a-bl), adj. exposed to dam- 
age, danger, expense, &c. ; contin- 
gently subject. 



liaison (le-a-z6ng'), n. illicit or se- 
cret intimacy between a man and a 
woman. 

liar (li'ar), n. one addicted to lying. 

libation (-ba'shun), n. the act of 
pouring wine or oil on the ground, 
as a sacrifice to some deity ; the 
liquid so poured out. 

libel ('bel), n. defamation of charac- 
ter or reputation ; any writing, 
print, publication, or picture calcu- 
lated to injure the reputation or 
character of anyone and bring him 
into public contempt : v.t. to publish 
a libel against ; defame the character 
of; exhibit a charge against in a 
court of law. 

libelous (-us), adj. containing, or of 
the nature of, a libel. 

liber ('ber), n. the fibrous innermost 
layer of the bark of exogenous 
plants. 

liberal (lib'er-al), adj. generous; 
munificent ; plentiful ; free from nar- 
rowness in ideas or doctrines : n. an 
opponent of conservatism ; one who 
advocates extension of freedom in 
political institutions. 

liberalize (-iz), v.t. to free from nar- 
rowness or prejudice. 

liberalism (-izm), n. the principles 
of a liberal in politics or religion. 

liberality (-al'i-ti), n. [pi. liberali- 
ties (-tiz) ], the quality of being lib- 
eral ; generosity ; magnanimity ; men- 
tal breadth ; catholicity. 

liberate ('er-at), v.t. to set free. 

liberator (-a-ter), n. one who liber" 
ates. 

libertine ('er-tin), n. a debauchee: 
adj. unrestrained, morally or social- 
ly ; licentious. 

libertinism (-izm), n. debauchery; 
extreme freedom in religious opin- 
ions. 

liberty ('er-ti), n. [pi. liberties 
(-tiz) ], freedom ; special privilege or 
exemption ; immunity ; permission ; 
ungranted or undue freedom; priv- 
ileged district. 

libidinous (li-bid'i-nus), adj. lustful. 

librarian (-bra'ri-an), n. the custo- 
dian of a library. 

library ('bra-ri), n. [pi. libraries 
(-riz)], an arranged collection of 



ate, iirm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, *7ien. 



lib 



493 



Hg 



books ; the building where such a 
collection is kept. 

libration (-bra'shun), n. the act of 
balancin.s: ; equipoise ; an apparent 
irregularity in the moon's motion. 

libratory ('bra-to-ri), adj. oscillat- 
ing. 

librettist (li-bret'ist), n. the writer 
of a libretto. 

libretto ('to), n. a book containing 
the words of an opera, oratorio, &;c. ; 
the text itself. 

lice (lis), pi. of louse. 

license (li'sens), n. permission; 
leave ; unrestrained liberty ; legal 
permit to do something otherwise 
unlawful : v.t. to authorize by a le- 
gal permit. 

licentiate (-sen'shi-at), n. one li- 
censed to preach or practice a pro- 
fession. 

licentious ('shus), adj. tinrestrained 
morally or legally ; lascivious ; dis- 
solute. 

lichen (li'ken or lich'en), n. one of 
an order of ?ellular flowerless (cryp- 
togamic) plants of fungoid n^^ture 
growing parasitic on stones, algae, 
&c. ; a kind of skin eruption. 

licb-gate (lich'gat), n. the roofed 
gate of a churchyard, under which a 
bier may stand. Also lych-gate. 

licit (lis'it), adj. lawful. 

lick (lik), v.t. to pass the tongue 
over ; caress with the tongue ; lap 
up ; vanquish ; chastise : v.i. to make 
a licking movement : n. the act 
of licking; quick or careless stroke; 
superficial saline deposit. 

lickspittle ('spit-1), n. a servile flat- 
terer. 

licorice (lik'o-ris), n. the root or in- 
spissated juice of the licorice-plant 
( Glycyrrh iza glabra ) . 

lictor ('ter), n. a Roman official who 
attended the chief magistrates and 
bore the fasces. 

lid (lid), n. a movable cover closing 
an aperture ; top ; eyelid. 

lie (ll), v.i. [p.t. lay, p.p. lain, p.pr. 
lying], to rest in a recumbent posi- 
tion ; lean or press ; rest or remain ; 
be situated or placed ; be maintaina- 
ble at law. 

lie (li), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. lied, p.pr. ly- 



ing], to utter a falsehood ; represent 
falsely : n. a falsehood ; wilful mis- 
statement. 

lief (lef), adv. willingly; rather. 

liege (lej), adj. bound by feudal serv- 
ice or tenure : n. a vassal ; liege lord, 
or sovereign. 

lien (le'en, li'en or len), n. a legal 
claim upon property ; security for 
payment. 

lieu ('lu), n. place; stead. 

lieutenancy (-ten'an-si), n. the rank 
or authority of a lieutenant. 

lieutenant ('ant), n. an officer rank- 
ing next below a captain in the army 
and a commander in the navy ; a 
deputy. 

life (llf), n. animate existence; vi- 
tality ; union of soul and body ; 
period between birth and death. 

lifeguard (gard), n. a bodyguard. 

lift (lift), v.t. to raise from the 
ground ; elevate ; support in the air ; 
steal : v.i. to exert strength in rais- 
ing ; dissipate in the air : n. the act 
of lifting ; elevation ; promotion ; a 
machine for raising or lifting. 

ligament (lig'a-ment), n. a strong 
elastic tissue connecting the extrem- 
ities of movable bones ; bond or tie. 

ligature (lig'a-tur), n. a narrow 
bandage or tie ; two or more letters 
cast on one shank {fi, ce) ; a, slur, or 
notes joined by a slur. 

ligbt flit), n. the imponderable agent 
by which objects are rendered visible 
by its action on the retina; day; an 
illuminating or enlightening agent : 
aspect ; a window ; that which emits 
light : adj. clear ; bright ; not heavy 
or burdensome ; unencumbered ; gay ; 
trifling ; unimportant ; nimble ; short 
in weight ; well leavened and raised ; 
graceful ; undignified ; dizzy ; un- 
chaste: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. lighted, lit, 
p.pr. lighting], to set fire to; in- 
flame ; illuminate ; furnish with, or 
guide by, a light ; v.i. to receive or 
reflect ; rest or settle ; fall upon by 
chance ; happen. 

lighten ('en), v.t. to make light; il- 
luminate ; flash out ; render less 
heavy : v.i. to brighten ; shine out. 

lighter ('er), n. a large open barge 
for loading and unloading vessels. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, *7ien. 



i± 



lig 



494 



Jitt. 



ligliterage (-aj), n, the unloading of 
a cargo by lighters ; charge made. 

lighthouse ('hous), n. a structure 
furnished with a brilliant light to in- 
dicate points of danger to mariners 
at night. 

lightning ('ning), n. a sudden flash 
of electricity, usually accompanied 
by thunder, 

ligneous (lig'ne-us), adj. woody. 

lignin ('nin), n. woody fiber. 

lignite ( 'nit ) , n. wood converted into 
an imperfect kind of coal. 

lignum- vitse ('num-vl'te), n. the 
very heavy hard wood of a South 
American tree (Guaicum officinale) 
or of similar West Indian and Aus- 
tralasian trees. 

like (lik), adj. similar; resembling; 
equal or nearly equal ; disposed : 
adv. in the same manner as ; prob- 
ably : v.t. have a taste for ; enjoy : 
n. a counterpart. 

likely ('li), adj. [comp. likelier, su- 
per!, likeliest], probable; suitable: 
adv. probably. 

liken (lik'n), v.t. to compare. 

likeness ('nes), n. similarity; por- 
^ trait. 

liking ('ing) , n. preference ; fondness. 

lilac (li'lak), n. a shrub of the genus 
Syringa, with pale pinkish purple 
flowers ; a color. 

Idlliputian (lil-i-pu'shun), adj. very 
diminutive, from Swift's Gullivefs 
^ Travels. Also Liliputian. 

lily (lil'i), n. a plant of the genus 
Lilium, with bulbous roots and hand- 
some flowers : adj. unsullied ; lily- 
white. 

limb (lim), n. a jointed or articulated 
part of an animal body ; branch of a 
tree ; edge or border ; roguish child ; 
leg : v.t. to dismember. 

limber ('ber), n. the detachable fore- 
part of a gun-carriage : adj. pliant : 
v.t. to attach a limber to (a gun-car- 
riage) ; make pliant. 

limbus ('bus), w. in the Roman Cath- 
olic Church, the place intermediate 
between heaven and hell, the abode 
of departed souls prior to the judg- 
ment ; prison. Also limbo. 

lime (llm), n. a calcareous earth ob- 
tained by the action of heat upon 
limestone; bird-lime; a tree of the 



orange kind yielding an edible juicy 
fruit ; the linden tree : v.t. to apply 
lime to. 

limelight ('lit), n. ai brilliant light 
produced by the action of lighted 
hydrogen and oxygen upon lime. 

limestone ('ston), n. a rock having 
carbonate of lime as its basis. 

limit (lim'it), n. a border or bound- 
ary ; utmost extent : v.t. to confine 
within bounds ; restrict. 

limitation (-i-ta'shun), n. restric- 
tion. 

limn (lim), v.t. to paint or draw; il- 
^ luminate, as books and manuscripts. 

limp (limp), adj. flexible; flaccid: n. 
a halt in walking : v.i. to walk with 
a halt. 

limpet ('et), n. a gastropod of the 
genus Patella, which adheres firmly 
^ to rocks by its foot sucker. 

limpsy (limp'si), adj. flimsy; weak. 

limy (lim'i), adj. containing, or like,. 
lime. 

lin (lin), n. the American linden. 
Also linn. 

linchpin (linch'pin) , n. the pin which 
goes through the end of the axle of a 
wheel, and keeps it in its place. 

linden (lin'den), n. a tree with heart- 
shaped leaves, and small clusters of 
cream-colored flowers. There are 
several species, European and Amer- 
ican. 

line (lin), n. length without breadth; 
a slender string or cord ; fishing- 
line ; extended row ; l-12th of an 
inch ; short letter ; occupation ; mark 
in the hand or face ; outline ; verse ; 
extent ; direction ; regular infantry ; 
equator; particular class of goods; 
descent : v.t. to draw lines upon ; 
place along side by side ; cover on 
the inside ; strengthen by inner 
^ works. 

lineage (lin'e-aj), n. ancestral line of 
descent from a common progenitor ; 
family. 

lineal ('e-al), adj. composed of lines; 
in direct line from an ancestor. 

lineally (-li), adv. by direct descent. 

lineament ('e-a-ment), n. feature; 
outline. 

linear ('e-ar), adj. pertaining to, or 
j composed of, lines ; having a straight 
1 direction. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, f^en. 



.in 



lineate ('e-at), adj, marked with 
lines. 

linen ( 'en ) , n. a cloth made of flax ; 
articles made of linen ; undercloth- 
ing : adj. made of, or resembling, 
linen. 

liner (li'ner), n. a line-of-battle ship; 
a steamship belonging to a packet 
company ; one who makes linings. 

ling (ling), n. an edible cod-like fish; 
heather. 

linger ('ger), vA. to delay; loiter; 
remain long in any state. 

lingerie (lang-zhe-re'), n. undercloth- 
ing. 

lingo (ling'go), n. language; dialect. 

ling-utal Cgwal), adj. pertaining to, 
or formed by, the tongue : n. a letter 
or sound, so articulated, as s, tli, &c. 

linguist Cgwist), n. one skilled in 
languages. 

linguistic ('tik), adj. pertaining to 
linguistics. 

linguistics ('tiks), n.pl. comparative 
philology. 

lingula ('gii-la), n. a genus of bra- 
chipodus mollusks with a tongue- 
like valve. 

Ungulate ('gti-lat), adj. tongue- 
shaped. 

liniment (lin'i-ment), n. .a medicated 
liquid for rubbing into the skin. 

lining (lin'ing), n. an inside cover- 
ing ; contents. 

link (lingk), n. a single ring or di- 
vision of a chain ; anything doubled 
like a link ; single part of a con- 
nected series ; a land measure 7.92 
inches ; connection ; torch made of 
pitch and tow : pL flat sandy soil ; 
golfing grounds : v.t. to connect by, 
or as by, a link : v.t. to be connected. 

linnet (lin'et), n. a British finch. 

linoleum (li-no'le-um), n. a floor 
cloth composed of ground cork, lin- 
seed oil, and chloride of sulphur. 

linotype (lin'o-tip), n. a machine for 
composing and casting stereotyped 
words or lines for printing, 

linseed (lin'sed), n. the seed of flax, 
from which linseed oil is expressed. 

linsey-woolsey ('zi-wool'zi), n. a 
cloth of mixed linen and wool. 

lint (lint), n. scraped linen used for 
dressing wounds. 



495 Ua 

lintel (lin'tel), n. the horizontal top 
^ piece of a door or window. 

lion (li'un), n. a large powerful car- 
nivorous mammal of the genus Felis, 
found in Africa and Southern Asia : 
pi. noted persons or places: adj. (in 
composition) noble, majestic; cour- 
ageous. Feminine lioness. 

lionize (-iz), v.t. to treat as an ob- 
ject of peculiar interest. 

lion's-share ('unz-shar), n. the ma- 
jor part. 

lip (lip), n. one of the two borders of 
the mouth ; edge of anything ; mouth ; 
lip-like organ ; speech : v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. lipped, p.pr. lipping], to touch 
with the lips ; kiss ; utter. 

lipped (lipt'), adj. having lips or 
rounded edges ; labiate. 

liquation (li-kwa'shun), n. the act 
or process of melting. 

lig.uefacient (lik-we-fa'shi-ent), adj. 
serving to liquefy. 

liquefaction (-fak'shun), n. the pro- 
cess of liquefying ; state of being 
melted. 

liquefy ('we-fi), v.t. to melt or make 
liquid : v.i. to become liquid. 

liquescent (-kwes'ent), adj. becom- 
ing liquid. 

liqueur (li-ker'), n. an alcoholic aro- 
matic cordial. 

liquid (lik'wid), adj. clear; tearful; 
not solid ; readily flowing : n. liquid 
substance ; one of the consonants I, 
m, n, r. 

liquidate ('wi-dat), v.t. to pay off, 
as a debt ; arrange, as the affairs of 
a bankrupt. 

liquidation (-da'shun), n. the act of 
liquidating or paying off ; the settle- 
ment of the affairs of a bankrupt's 
estate. 

liquidator ('wi-da-ter), n. an oflBcial 
who winds up a bankrupt's estate. 

liquor (lik'er), n. an alcoholic bever- 
age ; a liquid : v.t. to treat with a 
solution : v.i. to take intoxicating 
drinks [slang]. 

liquorice, same as licorice. 

lira (le'ra), n. [pi. lire (le're)], an 
Italian coin, the unit of monetary 
value = 19 cents ; the Turkish lira 
= $4.40. 

lisle (111), n. a fine thread or lace. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; n5te, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



lis 



496 



lit 



lisp (lisp), v.i. to pronounce s and ^ 
nearly like th ; speak : v.t. to utter 
imperfectly or affectedly : n. the im- 
perfect utterance of s and 0. 
lissom (Hs'um), n. supple; lithesome. 
list (list), n. a catalogue, roll, or reg- 
ister ; the edge or selvage of cloth ; 
strip of cloth ; inclination to one 
side; small square molding: pL an 
enclosing for a tournament : v.t. to 
catalogue, register, or enrol ; cover 
with strips of cloth; sew together; 
cause to tilt over to one side ; listen 
to : v.i. to enlist ; choose ; careen ; 
hearken. 
listexL (lis'n), v.i. to attend to close- 
ly, so as to hear ; hearken ; obey. 
liisterism (list'er-izm), n. the anti- 
septic method of operating and dress- 
ing, introduced by Sir J. Lister. 
listing: ('ing), n. the act of making a 

schedule. 
listless ('les), adj. indifferent; lan- 
guid. 
lit, p.t. & p.p. of light. 
litany (lit'a-ni), n. a solemn respon- 
sive form of supplication. 
litcM (le'chg), n. a tree producing a 
liter (le'ter), in the metric system, a 
measure of capacity, =: 61.026 cubic 
inches, or a little more than 1 quart, 
fruit (lichi) much esteemed in China. 
literacy (lit-er-a-si), n. the state of 

being able to read and write. 
literal ('er-al), adj. consisting of, or 
expressed by, letters ; following the 
exact words ; exact ; plain. 
literally (-li), adv. in a literal sense. 
literary ('er-a-ri)> adj. pertaining to, 
or appropriate to, literature or men 
of letters ; versed in, or engaged in, 
literature. 
literate ('er-at), adj. instructed; 
learned : n. a literary man ; a candi- 
date for holy orders who has not 
taken a university degree. 
literatesque (-a-tesk'), adj. fit for 

literature. 
literati (-a'ti), n.pl. the learned. 
literatim (-er-a'tim), adv. literally. 
literature ('er-a-tur), n. the written 
or printed literary productions of a 
country or period ; literary work ; 
learning. 
litharge (lith'arj), n. oxide of lead. 



litlie (\ith), adj. supple; pliant. 

lithesome ('sum), adj. nimble; lis- 
som. 

litMa (lith'i-a), n. oxide of lithium. 

lithic (lith'ik), adj. pertaining to 
stone. 

lithium ('i-um), n. a metallic ele- 
ment. 

litho, a prefix meaning stone, also 
lith, as Zi//ioglyph, a carving on a 
gem or stone ; Zi^/ianthrax, stone- 
coal, &c. 

lithochromatics (lith'o-kr5-mat'iks) , 
n.pl. the art or process of painting 
in oil upon stone and then transfer- 
ring it upon canvas. 

lithograph (lith'o-graf), n. a print 
reproduced from a drawing on stone : 
v.t. to draw, or engrave on stone, 
and transfer to paper. 

lithographic ('ik), adj. pertaining 
to lithography. Also lithographical. 

lithographically ('ik-al-li), adv. by 
lithography. 

lithography (-og'ra-fi), n. the art of 
making a design on stone so that 
ink-impressions can be taken from it. 

lithoid ('old), adj. stone-like; of 
stone structure. 

lithotint ('o-tint), n. a lithograph 
from a drawing executed with a 
camel's-hair pencil. 

lithotomy (-ot'o-mi), n. the opera- 
tion of cutting into the bladder to 
remove stone. 

lithotrity (-ot'tri-ti), n. the surgical 
operation of crushing stone in the 
bladder. 

litigant (lit'i-gant), n. one who con- 
tends in law : adj. engaged in, or in- 
clined to, litigation. 

litigate ('i-gat), v.t. to contest in a 
court of law : v.i. to engage in a law 
suit. 

litigation (-ga'shun), n. the act or 
process of carrying on a lawsuit ; 
judicial contest. 

litigious (li-tij'us), adj. given to 
carrying on lawsuits ; quarrelsome. 

litmus (lit'mus), n. a purple dye, ob- 
tained from certain lichens. 

litter (lit'er), n. straw, hay, &c.; used 
for horses' bedding : a frame-work 
with a bed, for carrying a person in 
a recumbent position ; state of con- 
fusion or untidiness ; number of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



lit 



497 



loa 



young produced at one birth, as pigs, 
&c. : v.t. supply with litter ; cover 
with straw ; scatter about careless- 
ly : v.i. bring forth a litter of young. 

litterateur (-a-ter'), n. a literary 
man. 

little (lit'l), adj. [comparative less, 
superlative least], small in size, 
quantity, duration, or importance ; 
insignificant ; young ; mean : adv. in 
a small degree ; not much : n. small 
in size, quantity, &c. 

littoral ('o-ral), adj. pertaining to, 
near, or living on the shore ; situ- 
ated between high- and low-water 
mark : n. country lying near the 
shore of a sea, lake, &c. 

liturgic (li-ter'jik), adj. pertaining 
to a liturgy. Also liturgical. 

liturgically (-al-li), adv. by a lit- 
urgy. 

liturgies Cjiks), n.pl. the science of 
liturgies. 

liturgy (lit'er-ji), n. \pl. liturgies 
(-jiz)], the prescribed forms or rit- 
ual for public worship. 

live (liv), v.i. to exist or have life; 
pass or enjoy life ; reside ; endure ; 
subsist: adj. (liv) having life; 
quick ; effective ; ignited ; kept for 
use ; energetic. 

livelihood (liv'li-hood), n. means of 
living. 

liveliness (-nes), n. briskness. 

lively ('li), adj. active; brisk; ani- 
mated ; sprightly ; vivid ; forcible. 

live-oak ('ok), n. an American oak 
valuable for shipbuilding. 

liver (liv'er), n. one who lives; a 
glandular organ secreting bile. 

liveried (-id), adj. clothed in livery. 

liverivort ('wert), n. a name for any 
cryptogamous plant of the class 
Hepaticse. 

livery ('er-i), n. {pi. liveries (-iz)], 
a particular costume worn by serv- 
ants ; the state of being kept and fed 
^ at a stipulated rate, as horses. 

liveryman (-man), n. [pi. liverymen 
(-men)], the keeper of a livery-sta- 
ble. 

livery-stable (-sta'bl), n. a stable 
where horses are kept and let out 
for hire. 

livid ('id), adj. black and blue; dis- 
colored as by a blow ; ashy pale. 



living ('ing), p. adj. having life; 
flowing ; vigorous ; active ; quicken- 
ing : n. livelihood ; a church bene- 
fice ; mode of life. 

livre (le'ver), n. an old French money 
of account, value 19^^ cents. 

lixiviate (liks-iv'i-at), v.t. to dis- 
solve out the saline matter from 
(wood-ashes) ; form into lye. 

lizard (liz'ard), n. a lacertilian rep- 
tile having a scaly body, and four 
well-developed limbs, each with five 
toes. 

llama (la'ma), n. a South American 
quadruped, somewhat resembling a 
camel. 

llama, same as lama. 

llanero (lya-na'ro), n. a herdsman of 
the South American llanos. 

llanos ('noz or la'noz), n.pl. the ex- 
tensive level grassy plains, or 
steppes of South America. 

lo (lo), interj. behold! see! 

loach (loch), n. a small edible fresh- 
water fish ; a simpleton. 

load (lod), v.t. to put on as much as 
can be carried ; burden ; weigh 
down ; embarrass'; freight ; charge, 
as a gun : n. a burden ; weight ; 
freight ; encumbrance ; pressure ; a 
weight of hay, straw, or ore. 

loaded ('ed), p. adj. laden; drunk. 

loadline ('lin), n. the line to which a 
vessel sinks when loaded with her 
full cargo. 

loadstar ('star), n. the pole-star. 

loadstone ('st5n), n. magnetic oxide 
of iron ; magnet. Also lodestone. 

loaf (lof), v.i. to idle away time: n. 
[pi. loaves (lovz)], a large cake of 
bread. 

loafer ('er), n, an idler; cadger. 

loam (lom), n. rich vegetable mold, 
with clay and sand : v.t. to cover 
with loam. 

loan (Ion), n. a sum of money lent 
for a period, repayable with inter- 
est ; something granted for tempo- 
rary use : v.i. to lend money. 

loath (loth), adj. unwilling; reluc- 
tant. 

loathe {loth), v.t. to regard with ab- 
horrence or disgust ; detest : v.i. to 
feel nausea. 

loathing ('ing), n. disgust; nausea. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not 
book ; hiie, hut ; think, //ten. 



boon. 



loa 



498 



loo 



loatlisome ('sum), adj. exciting 
loathing.' 

lob (lob), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. lobbed, p.pr. 
lobbing], to toss gently: v.i. to bowl 
lobs : n. a large worm, used for fish- 
ing, the lugworm ; a slow ball bowled 
underhand. 

lobate (lo'bat), adj. lobe-like. 

lobby (lob'i), n. [pi. lobbies ('iz)], 
a small hall or waiting room ; pas- 
sage opening before an apartment ; 
that part of the hall of a legislative 
chamber to which the public have 
access : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. lobbied, p.pr. 
lobbying], to solicit the votes of 
members of a legislature to carry a 
particular measure. 

lobbyist (-ist), n. a person, not a 
member, who tries to influence the 
votes of members of a legislative 
body. 

lobe (lob), n. any rounded and pro- 
jecting part ; a subdivision of an 
orggji. 

lobelet ('let), n. a small lobe. 

liobelia (lo-be'lia), n. an extensive 
genus of plants with handsome flow- 
ers, including the Indian tobacco 
plant, &c. 

lobster ('ster), n. an edible marine 
decapod crustacean. 

lobule ('til), n. a small lobe. 

lob-worm, same as lugworm. 

local (16'kal), adj. pertaining to 
place ; restricted to a particular 
place : n. a newspaper paragraph of 
local interest ; a suburban train. 

locale (-kill'), n. place; locality 
[French], 

localism ('kal-izm), n. a word, idiom, 
or custom restricted to a particular 
locality. 

locality (kal'i-ti), n. [pi. localities 
(-tiz)], existence in or limitation to 
a place ; position. 

localize ('kiil-iz), v.t. to limit to a 
particular place. 

locally (-li), adv. with respect to 
place. 

local option (op'shun), n. the re- 
striction of the sale of intoxicating 
liquors by the majority of the voters 
of a district. 

locate (lo'kat), v.t. to place; estab- 
lish; mark out and determine the 
position of: v.i. to settle. 



location (-ka'shun), n. place; plot 
of ground marked out by boundaries. 

locative (lok'a-tiv), adj. noting place. 

loch, (lokh), n. a lake [Scotch]. 

lock (lok), n. a mechanical device 
furnished with a spring and bolt for 
fastening a door, &c., by means of a 
key ; anything that fastens ; enclos- 
ure between lock-gates for raising 
and lowering the water within 
them ; mechanism for firing a gun ; 
hug in wrestling ; a tuft of hair on 
wool ; ringlet ; tress : v.t. to fasten 
or secure with a lock ; shut up ; con- 
fine : v.i. to become fast by a lock ; 
entwine. 

lockage ('aj), n. difference of level 
of the water between canal locks; 
dues paid for passage through a 
lock. 

locker ('er), n. a receptacle secured 
by a lock. 

locket Cet), n. a small gold or silver 
case attached to a necklace or chain. 

lockjaw Cjaw), n. a spasmodic dis- 
ease by which the lower jaw is 
drawn up and becomes fixed ; te- 
tanus. 

lockman ('man), n. an under-sheriff 
in the Isle of Man. 

lockout ('out), n. the exclusion of 
workmen from a factory by an em- 
ployer to compel them to accept his 
terms : v.t. to close a factory against. 

lockup ('up), n. a temporary prison; 
calaboose ; jail. 

loco (lo'ko), n. a name for various 
poisonous American plants, causing 
disease to animals eating them ; also 
the disease so caused. 

locomotion (-mo'shun), n. the act 
or power of moving from place to 
place. 

locomotive ('tiv), adj. pertaining to 
locomotion ; not stationary : n. a 
steam engine for drawing railway 
cars. 

locomotor ('ter), adj. pertaining to 
locomotion : n. a motor. 

locomotor ataxy (a-tak'si), n. want 
of co-ordination of the movements of 
the legs. 

locust Ckust), n. a migratory and 
destructive winged insect resem- 
bling the grasshopper ; a tree of the 
bean family. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




Photo, by Underwood & Underwood. 

LOCOMOTIVES. 
Electric and Steam. 



loc 



499 



Ion 



locution (-ku'shun), n. speech; 
phrase. 

lode (lod), n. sl vein containing metal- 
lic ore. 

lodestar, lodestone, see loadstar, 
&c. 

lodge (loj), v.t. to furnish with a 
temporary dwelling : v.i. to reside 
for a time ; be deposited or fixed : n. 
a small house in a park ; gate-keep- 
er's cottage ; wild beast's den ; hut of 
an American Indian ; place where 
members of an association meet, es- 
pecially Freemasons ; the /members 
themselves. 

lodger ('er), n. one who resides in 
lodgings. 

lodging ('ing), n. a place of tem- 
porary residence : pi. sl room or 
rooms hired in the house of another. 

lodgment ('ment), n. the act of 
lodging ; the state of being lodged ; 
accumulation of something deposit- 
ed ; occupation of a military posi- 
tion. 

loft (lolt), n. a room directly be- 
neath a roof. 

loftily ('i-li), adv. in a lofty man- 
ner. 

loftiness ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
ing lofty. 

lofty ('i), adj. [comp. loftier, superl. 
loftiest], very high; proud; stately; 
sublime. 

log (log), n. an undressed piece of 
timber; a log-book; a heavy dull 
fellow ; an instrument for ascertain- 
ing the rate of progress of a ship : 
v.t. {p.t. & p.p. logged, p.pr. log- 
ging] , to enter in a log-book : v.i. 
to hew down and get out trees. 

logarithm ('a-rithm), n. the expo- 
nent of the power to which a fixed 
number (the base) must be raised 
in order to produce a given number. 

logarithmic (-rith'mik), adj. per- 
taining to, or consisting of, loga- 
rithms. Also logarithmical. 

log-book ('book), n. a ship's diary, 
or journal, recording the progress of 
a vessel, daily occurrences, &c. 

loggan ('an), n. a rocking-stone. 

loggerhead ('er-hed), n. a block- 
head ; dolt ; species of sea-turtle. 

loggia (loj'a), n. a covered gallery 



or portico; an open balcony in a 
theater. 

logging (log'ing), n. the business of 
cutting down timber. 

logic (loj'ik), n. the science of cor- 
rect reasoning, especially of infer- 
ence. 

logical (-al), adj. pertaining to, or 
used in, logic ; according to the rules 
of logic. 

logically (-li), adv. by the rules of 
logic. 

logician (lo-jish'un), n. one skilled 
in logic. 

logistics (-jis'tiks), n.pl. sexagesi- 
mal arithmetic ; the science of mov- 
ing and supplying armies. 

logo, a prefix meaning speech, word^ 
ratio, as logotype, a type containing 
two or more letters, as ff. 

logogram (log'o-gram), n. a letter 
or sign standing for a word, as d 
for pence, &c. ; a word-puzzle in 
verse. 

logograph (log'o-graf), w. a written 
word. 

logography (lo-gog'ra-fi), n. sl meth- 
od of printing in which a type rep- 
resents a word instead of a letter. 

logotype, see under logo. 

l«groll (log'rol), v.i. to engage in 
logrolling. 

logrolling (-ing), n. the act of roll- 
ing logs ; united action in carrying 
legislative schemes for mutual bene- 
fit ; mutual praise by authors of 
each other's books. 

logwood ('wood), n. a wood of a 
deep-red color, used in dyeing. 

loin (loin), n. the lower part of the 
back of a quadruped or man : pi. 
the reins. 

loiter (loi'ter), v.t. to idle (with 
away) : v.i. to spend time idly; de- 
lay ; linger. 

loll (lol), v.i. to lounge at ease; hang 
out the tongue. 

lone (Ion), adj. solitary; retired; by 
one's self ; unmarried or in widow- 
hood. 

loneliness ('li-nes), n. the state of 
being lonely. 

lonely ('li), adj. [comp. lonelier, su- 
perl. loneliest], deserted; solitary; 
unfrequented. 

lonesome ('sum), adj. secluded from 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



Ion 



500 



lor 



society depressed ; unfrequented ; 
drearily solitary. 

long (long), adj. not short; extended 
in time, or length ; drawn out ; 
slow ; tedious ; tall ; lingering ; far- 
seeing : adv. to a great length or 
period ; far distant ; for a length of 
time : n. anything that is long : v.i. 
to desire eagerly (with for or 
after). 

longboat ('hot), n. the largest and 
strongest boat of a ship. 

longbow ('bo), n. a long powerful 
bow formerly used by English arch- 
ers. 

longclotb. ('kloth), n. a superior cot- 
ton fabric. 

long-dozen (-duz'n), n. thirteen. 

longevity (lon-jev'i-ti), n. extended 
age. 

longhand ('hand), n. ordinary hand- 
writing, as distinguished from short- 
hand. 

longi, a prefiw meaning long, as longi- 
corn : adj. long-horned. 

longing (long'ing),^. earnest desire. 

longitude (lonj'i-ttid), n. distance 
east and west on the earth's surface 
measured from a meridian or place, 
estimated in degrees ; on the ecliptic, 
distance in degrees from the vernal 
equinox. 

longitudinal (-tud'i-nal), adj. per- 
taining to longitude, or length. 

longitudinally (-li), adv, length- 
wise. 

long-primer ('prim-er), n, a size of 
type between small pica and bour- 
geois (see type). 

longshoreman (16ng'shor-man), n. 
a wharf laborer. 

loo (loo), n. a card game. 

looby ('bi), n. an awkward fellow. 

loo£ (loof), n. the fullest part of a 
ship's bow. 

look (look), v.i. to direct the eye to 
anything, in order to view it ; direct 
the mind or attention to ; examine ; 
front or face ; expect ; watch ; ap- 
pear : v.t. to search or seek for ; 
turn the eyes upon : n. the act of 
looking ; mJen ; aspect : inter j. see ! 

lool (lool), n.. a vessel for receiving 
the washings of ore. 

loom (loom), n. a frame or machine 



for weaving cloth ; an oar handle : 
v.i. to rise gradually and appear 
larger than in reality. 

loon (loon), n. the great northern 
diver. 

loony ('i), adj. crazed. 

loop (loop), n. a folding or doubling 
of string, rope, &c. ; noose through 
which a cord may be run : anything 
resembling a loop : v.t. to form into, 
furnish with, or secure with, loops. 

loophole ('hoi), n. a narrow aper- 
ture for observation or defense ; 
means of evasion. 

loopline ('lin), n. a railway line run- 
ning out of and rejoining the main 
line. 

loose (lo5s), adj. not fast; unbound; 
not fixed ; not tight ; not crowded 
together ; vague ; unconnected ; lax 
in principles or morals : n. the state 
of being loose : v.t. to set free ; un- 
bind ; disengage ; relax. 

loosen (loos'n), v.t. to free from 
tightness, restraint, or tension ; free 
from costiveness. 

loot (loot), v.t. to pillage or plunder, 
especially a captured city : n. booty 
thus taken. 

lop (lop), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. lopped, p. 
pr. lopping], to cut of£ (a part of 
anything), especially branches of a 
tree ; cut off partially ; trim ; let 
fall : v.i. to hang down : n. a hanging 
down ; that which is lopped, as 
branches. 

lopsided ('si-ded), n. heavier on one 
side. 

loquacious (lo-kwa'shus), adj. talk- 
ative. 

loquacity (-kwas'i-ti), n. talkative- 
ness. 

lord (lord), n. a ruler or governor; 
master ; one possessed of supreme 
power ; the owner of a manor ; a 
baron in the British peerage; the 
son of a duke or marquis; eldest 
son of an earl ; title of honor given 
to certain officials : v.t. to invest with 
authority ; preside over : v.i. to dom- 
ineer. 

lordliness ('li-nes), n. lordly degree 
or rank ; pride ; haughtiness. 

lordling ('ling), n. a little or would- 
be lord. 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl; m5, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut : think, then. 



lor 



501 



lou 



lordly ( -li ) , adj. like a lord ; noble, 
aristocratic. Haughty, imperious. 
adv. Proudly, despotically. 

lordosis (lor-do'sis), n. In pathology, 
an irregular curvature of the bones ; 
curvature of the spine forward. 

lords-and-ladies, n. In botany, the 
European wake-robin, {Arum Ma- 
culatum). 

lordship ('ship), n. the state, quali- 
ty, or jurisdiction of a lord ; title of 
address (with Ms or your) given to 
noblemen and judges. 

Xord's Supper ('z sup'er), n. the 
Holy Communion or Eucharist. 

lore (lor), n. learning; instruction; 
space between the eye and bill of a 
bird. 

lorette (lo-ref), n. a woman of the 
demi-monde [French]. 

Xorettine (lo-ret-tin), n. A nine- 
teenth century order of nuns found- 
ed in Kentucky, devoted to the edu- 
cation of girls and destitute orphans. 
Also called Sisters of Loreto and 
Friends of Mary at the Foot of the 
Cross. 

lorgnette (16r-nyet'), n. a long-han- 
dled opera glass ; a pair of eye- 
glasses fixed to a long handle into 
which they shut. 

lorikeet (lor-i-kef), n. a straight- 
billed parrot. 

loris (lo'ris), n. a nocturnal lemur. 

lorn (16rn), adj. forsaken; forlorn. 

lorry (lor'i), n. [pi. lorries ('iz)], a 
long four-wheeled wagon without 
sides ; a miner's hand-cart. 

lory (lo'ri), n. [pi. lories ('riz)], a 
species of parrot with brilliant 
plum.age. 

lose (looz), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. lost, p.pr. 
losing], to be deprived of; cease to 
have in possession ; mislay ; forfeit ; 
waste ; squander ; v.i. to fail of suc- 
cess ; yield ; be defeated. 

loss (16s), n. detriment; injury; pri- 
vation ; failure ; defeat ; that which 
is lost. 

lost (lost), p.adj. missing; forfeited; 
destroyed ; perplexed. 

lot (lot), n. fortune; destiny; por- 
tion or parcel ; anything used to 
determine chances; great quantity'; 



v.t. to separate into lots ; assign ; 
catalogue. 

Lothario (lo-tha'ri-o), n. a gay de- 
ceiver or libertine, from Rowe's The 
Fair Penitent. 

lotion ('shun), n. a medicated fluid 
for outward application. 

lottery (lot'er-i), n. [pi. lotteries 
(-iz)], a distribution of prizes by 
chance ; drawing of lots. 

lotto ('6), n. a parlor game played 
with 24 cards and wooden discs 
numbered 1 to 100. 

Lotus (lo'tus), n. a genus of the 
water-lily family, especially the sa- 
cred lotus of the ancient. Nile ; a 
name for various trees or shrubs, 
the fruit of which was fabled to 
cause forgetfulness of care and in- 
duce a state of dreamy indolence. 

Lotus-Eater, n. one of the Lotophagi 
of mythology ; an indolent dreamer. 
(See page 976.) 

louchettes ( loo-shets' ) , n.pl. colored 
spectacles for direct vision in stra- 
bismus, 

loud (loud), adj. high- or full-sound- 

■ ing ; noisy ; ostentatious in dress or 
manner ; showy ; having an unpleas- 
ant odor ; adv. loudly. 

loudly ('li), adv. in a loud manner; 
ostentatiously. 

loud-mouthed, adj. having a noisy, 
offensive manner of speaking. 

lough (lokh), n. a lake [Irish]. 

louis d*or (loo'i dor'), n. an old 
French coin, of varying value 
(about $4). 

lounge (lounj), v.i. to saunter about 
in a lazy manner ; loll ; live indo- 
lently ; n. the act of lounging ; a 
low-backed couch. 

lounger, n. an idler ; one who loiters 
away his time. 

loup (loop), n. a mask or half-mask 
worn by masqueraders. 

lourd (lurd), adj. dull, stupid, fool- 
ish ; n. a stupid, worthless fellow. 

louse (lous), n. [pi. lice (lis)], a 
parasitic insect of various species, 
especially those of the genus Pedicu- 
lus, parasitic on man. 

lousy (lou'zi), adj. infested with lice- 
lout (lout), n. an awkward fellow. 

louver (166'ver), n. an open turret 



;ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



lov 



502 



or lantern on the roof of a build- 
ing. 

lovable (luv'a-bl), adj. worthy of 
love. 

lovability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the quality 
that attracts love. 

love (luv), n. a strong feeling of af- 
fection, especially to one of the op- 
posite sex ; courtskip ; devoted af- 
fection for or attachment to ; pa- 
rental care ; a sv^'eetheart : v.L to 
regard with strong affection ; feel 
devotion towards ; delight in : vA. to 
be in love ; have strong affection. 

love-apple ('ap-1), n. the tomato. 

love-bird ('berd), n. a small bird of 
the parrot family. 

love-feast ('fest), n. a religious feast 
of the nature of the agape. 

love-lies-bleeding (-liz-bled'ing), 
n. a species of amaranth. 

loveliness (/li-nes), n. the quality of 
being lovely. 

lovely ('li), adj. [comp. lovelier, su- 
perl, loveliest 1, exciting love or ad- 
miration , amiable ; beautiful ; pret 
ty ; inviting ; delightful : adv. so as 
to inspire love or admiration. 

lover ('er), n. one who loves; one in 
love : said of a man ; one deeply at- 
tached. 

loving ('ing), p.adj. devoted; affec- 
tionate. 

loving-cnp (-kup), n. a wine-cup, 
usually with several handles, passed 
round from guest to guest. 

lo-w (15), adj. not high; depressed; 
shallow ; not noisy ; subdued ; near 
the horizon ; cheap ; moderate ; fee- 
ble or weak ; of less than the normal 
height ; below the recognizea stand- 
ard ; vulgar ; abject : n. the bellow of 
cattle : adv. not on high ; deeply ; 
softly ; quietly ; meaningly ; at a low 
price ; in humble rank : v.i. to bel- 
low like cattle. 

lowbell ('bel), n. a sheep- or cattle- 
bell. 

liow Church (cherch), adj. pertain- 
ing to the Evangelical section of the 
English Church, or to its doctrines. 

lower ('er), v.t. to lessen or bring 
down ; reduce in price or value ; 
weaken ; humble ; change to a lower 
pitch : v.i. to become lower ; sink ; 



Ino 



dark. 



fall; (lou'er) to appear 
gloomy, or threatening. 

lo-wer case (kas), n. that part of a 
compositor's case which contains 
the small printing types. 

lo'wering (lou'er-ing), p.adj. over- 
cast with clouds ; threatening a 
storm ; gloomy. 

lowermost (lo'er-most), adj. lowest. 

lowing ('ing), n. the bellow of cat- 
tle. 

lowland ('land), adj. pertaining to 
a low or level country : n.pl, a level 
country. 

liOw Latin (lat'in), n. mediaeval 
Latin. 

lowliness ('li-nes), n. the state of 
being lowly. 

lowly ('li), adj. [comp. lowlier, SU' 
perl, lowliest], low in rank or size; 
humble ; modest : adv. modestly. 

low mass (mas), n. mass said with- 
out musical accompaniment and by 
one priest. 

loxia (loks'i-d), n. wryneck. 

loxo, a prefix meaning slanting. 

loyal (loi'al), adj. faithful in allegi- 
ance to one's sovereign or country ; 
true to plighted faith or duty. 

loyalist (-ist), n. one who adheres 
to and supports the authority of his 
sovereign or country. 

loyally (-li), adv. in a loyal manner. 

lozenge (loz'enj), n. an oblique-an- 
gled parallelogram ; a rhomb ; dia- 
mond-shaped figure used in herald- 
ry ; a sweetmeat. 

lubber (lub'er), n. an awkward, 
clumsy fellow ; a raw sailor. 

lubricant (lu'bri-kant), n. a sub- 
stance for lubricating. 

lubricate (-kat), v.t. to make smooth 
or slippery. 

lubricator (-er), n. one who, or that 
which, lubricates, especially a de- 
vice for oiling machinery. 

lucernal (-ser'nal), adj. pertaining 
to a lamp, or to artificial light. 

lucerne (-sern') , n. a clover-like plant 
cultivated for fodder. 

lucid ('sid), adj. clear; readily un- 
derstood ; shining ; transparent. 

lucidity ('i-ti), n. the state of being 
lucid. 

liucifer ('si-fer), n. Venus, as the 
morning star ; Satan. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, ;ti^en. 



Itec 



503 



lii» 



lucif er, n. a match ignited by fric- 
tion. 

luck (luk), n. casual event or acci- 
dent; fortune, eitlier good or bad; 
success. 

luckily ('i-li), adv. in a lucky man- 
ner. 

lucky ('i), adj. [comp. luckier, su- 
perl. luckiest], having good luck or 
fortune ; successful ; auspicious. 

lucrative (lu-kra-tiv), adj. profita- 
ble. 

lucratively (-li), adv. profitably. 

lucubration (-kti-bra'shun), n. a 
literary composition produced as the 
result of protracted study. 

luculi ('ku-li), n.pl. bright spots on 
the sun's surface. 

luculite (-kti'lit), n. a variety of 
black marble, cut and polished for 
ornamental purposes. 

ludicrous ('di-krus), adj. exciting 
mirth ; comical ; droll. 

luff (luf), n. the weather-gauge, or 
that part of a ship towards the 
wind ; the act of sailing close to 
the wind; luff-tackle: v.i. to steer 
nearer to the wind. 

luff-tackle (-tak'l), n. a large tackle 
consisting of a double and a single 
block. 

lug (lug), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. lugged, 
p.pr. lugging], to pull or draw 
along : v.i. to drag ; move heavily ; 
pull laboriously : n. the act or effort 
of lugging ; something diflBcult to 
move; a projecting part; the ear; 
a lug-sail ; handle of a vessel : pi. 
conceited airs. 

luggage ('aj), n. effects of a trav- 
eler ; baggage. 

lugger ('er), n. a small vessel with 
2 or 3 masts with a running sprit 
and lug-sails. 

lug-sail ('sal), n. a square sail, with- 
out boom or lower yard, bent to a 
yard that hangs nearly at right an- 
gles to the mast. 

lugubrious (-gii'bri-us), adj. mourn- 
ful. 

lug-worm ('werm), n. a sand worm. 

lukewarm, ('wiirm), adj. moderate- 
ly warm. 

lull (lul), v.t. to soothe to sleep; 
quiet : v.i. to become calm : n. abate- 
ment ; temporary calm. 



lullaby Ca-bi), n. [pi. lullabies 
(-biz)], a cradle-song. 

lum.bago (-ba'go), n. rheumatism of 
the muscles of the loins. 

lumbar ('bar), adj. pertaining to the 
loins. 

lumber ('ber), n. rubbish; forest 
timber sawed for market : v.t. to fill 
with lumber or rubbish ; heap to- 
gether in disorder : v.i. to cut down 
timber and prepare it for market. 

lumberer ('ber-er), n. one who cuts 
forest timber and shapes it for mar- 
ket. 

lumberman ('ber-man), n. one who 
is engaged in the lumber trade; a 
foreman of lumberers. 

luminary ('mi-na-ri), n. [pi. lumi* 
naries (-riz)], a body emitting 
light, especially a heavenly body? 
one who enlightens or instructs. 

luminescence (lu-mi-nes'ens), n. a 
power of emitting light possessed 
by certain bodies that have been 
exposed to light or radiant energy. 

luminiferous (-nif'er-us), adj. emit- 
ting, or transmitting, light. 

luminous ('mi-nus), adj. emitting or 
radiating light ; bright ; clear ; per- 
spicuous. 

lump (lump), n. a small shapeless 
mass; aggregate; gross; a swelling; 
v.t. to throw or unite in the gros^i 
heap indiscriminately ; put up with. 

lumper ('er), n. a docker; militia 
man. 

lumpfish ('fish), n. a thick marine 
fish with horny spines. 

lumpy ('i), adj. full of lumps. 

lunacy (Iti'na-si), n. [pi. lunacies- 
(-siz)], mental unsoundness: adj. 
pertaining to lunacy, or to lunatics. 

lunar ('nar), adj. pertaining to. 
measured by, or influenced by, the 
moon : n. lunar distance. 

lunar month (munth), n. a month 
measured by the complete revolution 
of the moon = 29% days. 

lunar year (yer), n. a year of twelve 
lunar months = 354 1-3 days. 

lunate ('nat), adj. crescent-shape i. 

lunatic ('na-tik), adj. affected with, 
or characteristic of, lunacy: n. one 
who is insane. 

lunation (-na'shun), n. a complete- 
revolution of the moon. 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; booiL, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



itm 



504 



lye 



lunch (lunch), n. a light meal be- 
tween breakfast and dinner. Also 
luncheon : v.i. to take lunch. 

lunette (lu-nef), n. anything shaped 
like a half-moon, as in fortification, 
&c. ; a flattened watch-glass. 

lung (lung), n. one of two organs of 
respiration in air-breathing verte- 
brates. 

lunge (lunj), n. a sudden thrust or 
pass with the sword ; sudden lurch : 
v.i. to make a lunge. 

lungivort (lung'wert), n. a plant 
with dark-colored leaves spotted 
with white ; a lichen growing on 
trees. 

luni, a prefix meaning moon, as luni- 
solar : adj. produced by the united 
attraction_ of the moon and the sun. 

lunula (lu'nu-la), n. \_pl. lunulas 
(-le)], the white crescent-shaped 
part of the nail near the root. 

lupus ('pus), n. a chronic tubercu- 
lous disease which eats into the 
skin, especially of the face. 

lurch (lerch), n. a sudden roll to one 
side, as of a ship ; tendency ; a dif- 
ficult or forlorn position ; a losing 
position in cribbage : v.i. to roll 
suddenly to one side. 

lure (Itir), v.t. to allure: n. any- 
thing used as an enticement ; bait ; 
a long carved trumpet used in Scan- 
dinavia. 

lurid ( 'id ) , adj. greyish-orange ; wan ; 
ghastly ; pale ; gloomy. 

lurk (lerk), v.i. to lie in wait; be 
concealed. 

luscious (lush'us), adj. sweet to ex- 
cess ; delightful to the taste or 
sense ; fulsome. 

lush (lush), adj. rich and juicy: n. 
intoxicating drink. 

lust (lust), n. strong desire to pos- 
sess or enjoy ; concupiscence : v.i. 
to desire strongly ; have inordinate 
desires (with after). 

lustful ('fool), adj. sensual; robust. 

lustfully (-li), adv. in a lustful man- 
ner. 

lustily ('i-li)i, adv. in a lusty man- 
ner. 

lustiness ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
ing lusty. 

lustral (lus'tral), adj. pertaining to, 
or used in, purification. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



lustration (-tra'shun), n. purifica- 
tion. 

luster ('ter), n. brightness; splen- 
dor ; brilliancy of reflected light ; re- 
nown ; a chandelier ornamented 
with cut glass pendants ; a lustrous 
dress-cloth; the quality and intensi- 
ty of light reflected from the surface 
of minerals. 

lustrous ('trus), adj. having a lus- 
ter. 

lustwort ('wert), n. the plant sun- 
dew. 

lusty ('i), adj. [comp. lustier, superl. 
lustiest], robust; vigorous; healthy. 

lute (lut), n. a stringed musical in- 
strument of the guitar family; a 
composition of clay, &c., used for 
making the joints of vessels air- 
tight, or protecting them from the 
action of fire. 

Lutheran ('ther-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to Luther, the German reformer, 
or to the Lutheran Church and its 
doctrines : n. a member of the Lu- 
theran Church. 

Ltutheranism (-izm),n. the doctrines 
of Luther and the Lutheran Church. 

lux (Inks), n. [pi. luces (lH'sez)], the 
unit of intensity of electrical illumi- 
nation. 

luxuriance (lug-zti'ri-ans), n. exu- 
berant in growth. Also luxuriancy. 

luxuriant ('ri-ant), adj. character- 
ized by luxuriance ; superabundant ; 
superfluous. 

luxuriate ('ri-at), v.i. to grow ex- 
uberantly ; live luxuriously ; indulge 
unrestrainedly. 

luxurious ('ri-us), adj. pertaining to 
luxury ; indulging in, or administer- 
ing to, luxury. 

luxury (luk'shu-ri), n. [pi. luxuries 
(-riz)], extravagant indulgence in 
the pleasures of the senses, dress, 
&c. ; a dainty ; anything productive 
of enjoyment. 

ly, a suffix meaning like, or pertain- 
ing to, as womanly, &c. 

liyceum (li-se'um), n. [pi. Lyceums, 
Lycea ('umz, 'a)], originally the 
grove at Athens where Aristotle 
taught. 

lyceum (-se'um), n. a literary semi- 
nary ; an academy ; a literary asso- 



iyc 



505 



lyi 



ciation ; an intermediate classical 
school. 

Lycurgan (-ker'gan), adj. pertaining 
to Lycurgus, the Spartan lawgiver, 
noted for the severity of his code of 
laws : hence relentlessly severe. 

lyddite (lid'it), n. a powerful explo- 
sive, consisting chiefly of picric acid. 

Lydian (lid'i-an), adj. pertaining to 
ancient Lydia in Asia Minor, noted 
for its luxury, music, and purple 
dyes ; effeminate ; voluptuous. 

lye (li), n. an alkaline solution. 

lying ('ing), p. adj. addicted to false- 
hood ; the state or act of being re- 
cumbent : n. untruthfulness. 

lying-in (-in), adj. pertaining to 
childbirth : n. parturition. 

lymph (limf), n. a colorless alkaline 
nutritive fluid in animal bodies. 

lymphatic (lim-fat'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, conveying, or containing 



lymph ; sluggish : pi. the minute 
ducts which convey lymph. 

lynch (linch), v.t. to judge and pun- 
ish by lynch-law. 

lynch-law ('law), n. summary pun- 
ishment by private individuals with- 
out the usual legal formalities. 

lynx (links), n. a fierce cat-like ani- 
mal, proverbial for its keenness of 
sight. 

lyrate (li'rat), adj. lyre-shaped. 

lyre (lir), n. a musical instrument of 
the harp kind : used by the ancients 
to accompany the voice. 

lyre-bird ('herd), n. an Australian 
bird having a tail shaped like a 
lyre. 

lyric (lir'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
adapted to singing to, a lyre : n. a 
lyric composition. 

lyric poetry (po'et-ri), n. poetry 
expressive of the emotion of the 
poet. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, #7ien. 




ma (ma), n. contraction of mamma; 
a Hindu form of respectful address 
to a woman. 

macaco (ma-ka'ko), n. a name for 
the ruffled lemur, and the ring-tailed 
lemur. 

macacus (-ka'kus), w. the ape- 
baboon. 

macadamize (mak-ad'am-iz), v.t. to 
cover (a road) with small broken 
stone, so as to form a smooth hard 
rounded surface. 

macaroni (-a-ro'ni), n. a paste com- 
posed chiefly of fine flour and made 
into long thin tubes ; a dandy of the 
18th century. 

macaronic (-ron'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or like, macaroni, or to a 
burlesque composition consisting of 
a jumble of incongruous words : n. 
macaronic verse. 

macaroon (-roon'), n. a small cake 
made of flour, eggs, almonds, and 
sugar. 

3naca-w (ma-kaw'), n. a large and 
handsome species of parrot with 
strong hooked bill. 

mace (mas), n. a massive staff usual- 
ly surmounted with a crown ; a 
heavy billiard cue ; the second cov- 
ering of the nutmeg. 

macerate (mas'er-at), v.t. to soften 
or separate the parts of by steeping 
in a fluid ; mortify or harass. 

snacliete (ma-cha'ta), n. a large 
heavy knife used by the inhabitants 
of South America for cutting through 
forests, &c. 

Machiavellian (mak-i-a-vel'i-an) , 
adj. pertaining to Machiavelli, the 
Florentine statesman, or to his prin- 



ciples of political duplicity : hence 
crafty ; double-dealing : n. a cunning, 
unprincipled politician. 

Machiavellianism (-izm), n. the 
principles of Machiavelli. 

machination (-i-na'shun), n. a plot; 
artifice. 

machine (ma-shen'), n. any contri- 
vance to increase and regulate mo- 
tive power ; an engine ; a light car- 
riage or vehicle ; one who acts me- 
chanically or at the bidding of an- 
other. 

machinery ('er-i), n. machines col- 
lectively ; parts of a machine ; any 
combination by which something is 
kept in action or the result desired 
is obtained. 

machinist ('ist), n. a constructor of 
machines ; one skilled in the princi- 
ples of machinery ; one who works, 
or attends to, a machine. 

mackerel (mak'er-el), w. an edible 
marine fish, mottled with green and 
blue. 

mackintosh (mak'in-tosh), n. an 
india-rubber water-proof overcoat. 

mackle ('1), v.t. to blot or blur, so 
as to produce the impression of 
double printing. 

made ('1), n. a twin-crystal. 

macled ('Id), adj. spotted. 

macro, a prefix meaning large, long, 
as macrocephalous, adj. large-head- 
ed. 

macrocosm (mak-ro'kozm), n. the 
universe. 

macrometer (ma-krom'e-ter), n. an 
optical instrument for determining 
the distance or size of inaccessible 
objects. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



506 



n&ae 



507 



mag 



macron (mak'ron), n. a mark (-) 
over a vowel to indicate that it is 
long, as came. 

mad (mad), adj. [comp. madder, su- 
perl. maddest], mentally disordered 
or distracted ; insane ; infatuated ; 
furious with rage or terror ; in- 
flamed with anger. 

madam ('am), n. [pi. mesdames 
(ma-dam')], a complimentary title, 
or form of courteous address to a 
lady. 

madarosis (-a-ro'sis), n. loss of the 
hair, especially that of the eye- 
lashes. 

madcap ('kap), n. a wild, thought- 
less, eccentric person. 

madden ('n), v.t. to make mad or 
furious : vd. to become mad or furi- 
ous. 

madder ('er), n. a plant of the ge- 
nus Rubia, fiom the root of which 
a red dye and pigment is extracted. 

madding ('ing), adj. raging; furi- 
ous. 

made (mad), adj. artificially pro- 
duced or formed : p.t. & p. p. of make. 

madeira (ma-de'ra), n. a rich wine 
made in the island of Madeira. 

mademoiselle (mad-mwa-zel'), in 
France, a title of courtesy given to 
a young lady. 

madonna (ma-don'na), n. [pi. ma- 
donnas Cnaz)], a picture of the 
Virgin Mary, usually with the in- 
fant Christ. 

madreperl (mad're-perl), n. mother- 
of-pearl. 

madrepore (mad're-por), n. coral. 

madrigal ('ri-gal), n. a. light amor- 
ous song ; a pastoral poem ; a part 
song unaccompanied by music. 

maelstrom (mal'strum), n. a cele- 
brated whirlpool on the Norwegian 
coast. 

magazine (mag-a-zen'), n. a ware- 
house ; receptacle for military 
stores, as ammunition, &c. ; cham- 
ber in a gun ; a periodical literary 
or scientific publication. 

magdalen ('da-len), n. a reformed 
prostitute, from Mary Magdalene 
(Luke vii. 36-50). 

magenta (ma-jen'ta), n. a red ani- 
line dye. 



maggot (mag'ot), n. the footless lar- 
va of a fly ; grub ; whim. 

maggoty ('ot-i), adj. full of mag- 
gots ; whimsical. 

Magi (ma'ji), n.pl. among the Akka- 
dians and ancient Persians, the 
sacerdotal and learned class ; the 
wise men of the East. 

Magian ('ji-an), adj. pertaining to 
the Magi : n. one of the Magi ; an 
adherent of the Zoroastrian religion. 

magic (maj'ik), n. the pretended art 
of working by the power or assist- 
ance of supernatural beings ; sor- 
cery ; witchcraft ; enchantment : adj. 
pertaining to, produced by, or ex- 
ercising, magic ; enchanted ; necro- 
mantic. Also magical. 

magically (-al-li), adv. as by magic. 

magician (ma-jish'an), w. one skilled 
in magic. 

magic lantern (maj'ik lan'tern), n. 
an optical instrument for producing 
magnified objects on a screen. 

magic square (skwar), n. a series of 
numbers in parallel or equal rows 
so arranged that the perpendicular, 
horizontal, and diagonal columns 
shall give the same sum. 

magilp (ma-gilp'), n. a mixture of 
linseed-oil and mastic varnish. 

magisterial (maj-is-te'ri-al), adj. 
pertaining to, or suitable to, a mas- 
ter or magistrate ; authoritative. 

magistracy ('is-tra-si), n. [pi. mag- 
istracies (-siz) ], the office or dignity 
of a magistrate ; magistrates collec- 
tively. 

magistrate ('is-trat), n. a civil of- 
ficer invested with certain judicial 
and executive powers. 

Magna Charta ('na kar'ta), n. the 
Great Charter, forming the basis of 
civil liberty, granted by King John 
of England to the Barons, 1215. 
Also the Great Charter granted by 
Henry III. and confirmed by Ed- 
ward I. 

magnanimity (-na - nim ' i-ti) , n. 
greatness of mind; elevation of 
soul ; nobility. 

magnanimous (-nan'i-mus), adj. 
great of mind ; elevated in soul or 
sentiment ; generous ; courageous ; 
heroic. 



ate, firm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon^ 
book ; hue, hut ; think, f feen. 



mag 



508 



snail 



xnagnate ('nat), n. a person of rank 
or distinction ; nobleman. 

magnesia (-ne'sbi-a), n. a wbite 
tasteless eartby powder, tbe oxide of 
magnesium. 

magnesium, (-um), n. a metallic ele- 
ment, tbe base of magnesia. 

magnesium light (Ht), n. a power- 
ful and brilliant ligbt produced by 
the combustion of metallic magne- 
sium. 

magnet ('net), n. tbe loadstone; a 
magnetized steel bar. 

magnetic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, 
exhibiting, or produced by, the mag- 
net or magnetism. 

magnetic poles (polz), n.pl. the two 
points in the north and south polar 
regions where the magnetic needle 
is vertical. 

magnetics (-net'iks), n. the science 
of magnetism. 

magnetism (-izm), n. that property 
possessed by various bodies, as iron 
or steel, of attracting or repelling 
each other according to certain phys- 
ical laws ; the science that treats of 
such magnetic phenomena and laws. 

magnetize ('net-iz), v.t. to communi- 
cate magnetic properties to. 

magneto, a prefix meaning pertain- 
ing to, or caused by, magnetism, as 
magneto-electvicitj, electric pheno- 
mena produced by magnetism. 

magnetograph. ('o-graf), n. an in- 
strument for registering automatic- 
ally terrestrial magnetism. 

magnetometer (-om'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring the intensity 
of magnetic force. 

magnificable (-nif'i-ka-bl), adj. ca- 
pable of being magnified or extolled. 

magnificence ('i-sens), n. grandeur 
of appearance ; splendor ; pomp. 

magnificent ('i-sent), adj. grand in 
appearance ; splendid ; pompous ; 
sublime. 

inagnifico ('i-ko), w. formerly a cour- 
tesy title of the noblemen of Venice ; 
the rector of a German university. 

magnifier ('ni-fi-er), n. one who, or 
that which, magnifies. 

magnify ('ni-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
magnified, p.pr. magnifying], to 
make great or greater ; increase the 



apparent dimensions of ; glorify or 
extol. 

magniloquent ( -nil'o-kwent ) , adj. 
pompous in style or speech; bom- 
bastic. 

magnitude ('ni-tud), n. comparative 
size or bulk ; extent of dimensions 
(length, breadth, and thickness) ; 
importance. 

magnolia (-no'li-a), n. a handsome 
sweet-scented flowering shrub. 

magnum ('num), n. a large wine 
bottle. 

magpie ('pi), n. a chattering bird of 
the crow genus. 

maguey ('wa or ma-ga'e), n. the 
century plant, a species of agave or 
American aloe. 

Magyar ('yar), adj. pertaining to 
the Hungarian race or language. 

maharmah. (ma-hiir'ma), w. a muslin 
wrap worn by Turkish women over 
the head and across the mouth and 
chin when out of doors. 

maliatma (ma-hat'ma), n. a priest 
of the inner cult of Buddhism ; a 
theosophist. 

Mahdi (ma'de), n. a title given to 
certain Mohammedan spiritual lead- 
ers : applied especially to the last 
great millennial, spiritual or tem- 
poraHeader (imam) of the Faithful. 

Mahdism ('dizm), n. the doctrine of 
the coming of the Mahdi. 

Mahdist ('dist), n. one who enter- 
tains the belief that the Mahdi has 
appeared. 

mahl-stick (mawl'stik), n. a stick 
used by painters as a rest for the 
hand while painting. .Also maul- 
stick. 

mahogany (ma-hog'a-ni), n. a tree 
of tropical America yielding a dark 
reddish-brown wood, used for fur- 
niture ; a dining-table. 

Maliomedan or Mahometan, see 
Mohammedan. 

mahoohoo (-hoo'hoo), n. the white 
two-horned rhinoceros of Africa. 

Mahori (ma'ho-re), adj. pertaining to 
the Eastern Polynesian race. 

mahout (ma-hoot'), n. an elephant 
driver or keeper. 

Mahratti (-rat'e), w. the language of 
the Mahrattas, spoken in the Dec- 
can. Also Marathi. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



xnah 



509 



Mahratta ('a), adj. pertaining to 
the Mahrattas, a people inhabiting 
part of West and Central India, or 
to their language. 

xuaid (mad), n. a young unmarried 
woman ; girl ; virgin ; a female serv- 
ant. 

maiden ('en), n. an unmarried wom- 
an ; virgin ; girl ; a washing ma- 
chine ; a kind of guillotine formerly 
used in Scotland ; in cricket, an over 
in which no runs are scored : adj. 
pertaining to, or like, a maiden ; 
pure ; innocent ; unsullied ; unused. 

xuaidenhair (-har), n. a handsome 
and delicate-leafed fern. 

xnaidenlicad (-hed), n. virginity. 

maidenliood (-hood), n. the state of 
being a maiden, 

maidenliness ('li-nes), n. the qual- 
ity of being maidenly ; modesty. 

maidenly ('li), adj. like, or suitable 
to, a maiden ; modest ; gentle : adv. 
in a maidenlike manner. 

mail (mal), n. defensive body armor 
of steel, net, or plate-work ; govern- 
ment system for conveying letters, 
&c. ; a receptacle for the conveyance 
of letters, &c. ; letters, &,c., carried 
by post ; tribute formerly levied by 
freebooters : v.t. to clothe with, or 
as with, mail ; post, or send by post. 

mailable ('a-bl), adj. admissible by 
post. 

mailed ('d), adj. clad in, or covered 
by, mail ; spotted ; speckled ; posted. 

maim (mam), v.t. to deprive of the 
use of a limb ; cripple or mutilate : 
n. an injury to the body by crippling 
or mutilation. 

main (man)., adj. chief; principal; 
leading ; direct : n. the ocean. 

mainmast (man'mast), n. the prin- 
cipal mast of a vessel. 

mainsail (man'sal), n. the principal 
sail. 

mainsheet ('shet), n. one of the 
ropes by which the mainsail is ex- 
tended and fastened. 

miainstay ('sta), n. the stay extend- 
ing from the foot of the foremast to 
the main-top. 

maintain (-tan'), v.t. to support; 
sustain ; defend ; vindicate ; affirm ; 
continue. 



maintenance ('te-nans), n. suste- 
nance ; support ; vindication ; cham- 
perty. 

maize (maz), n. Indian corn. 

majestic (ma-jes'tik) , adj. having 
dignity of person or mien; stately; 
noble ; sublime. 

majestically (-al-li), adv. in a ma- 
jestic manner. 

majesty (maj'es-ti), n. [pi. majesties 
( -tiz ) ] , sovereignty ; grandeur ; no- 
bility ; sublimity. 

majolica (ma-jol'i-ka), n. a fine soft 
enameled kind of pottery. 

major (ma'jer), adj. greater in num- 
ber, extent, or quality ; greater by 
a semitone [Mus.] : n. a military 
officer next in rank above a cap- 
tain ; the first proposition of a reg- 
ular syllogism in which the major 
term is contained. 

major-domo (-do'md), n. the stew- 
ard of a household. 

major-general (-jen'er-al), n. an 
officer next in rank below a lieuten- 
ant-general. 

majority (ma-jor'i-ti), n. \_pl. ma- 
jorities (-tiz)], the state of being 
greater ; greater number ; more than 
half; full legal age (21) ; rank, &c., 
of a major. 

major term (ma'jer term), n. that 
term of a syllogism which forms the 
predicate of the conclusion. 

make (mak), v.t. to create; fashion; 
fabricate ; compose ; produce or ef- 
fect ; prepare for use ; acquire ; in- 
cur ; force ; raise to rank or dig- 
nity ; score ; keep or hold ; arrive 
near or in sight of : vA. to tend or 
move ; have effect ; contribute ; be 
active ; rise or flow : n. shape ; con- 
struction. 

makeshift (mak'shift), n. a tempo- 
rary expedient. 

make-up ('up), n. the general com- 
position of anything ; artificial prep- 
aration. 

makeweight ('wat), n. anything 
which is added to make up weight. 

mal, a preftcc meaning ill, evil. Also 
male, as, ?nflZadroit, clumsy; male- 
volent, malicious, spiteful. &c. 

malachite (mal'a-klt), n. native car- 
bonate of copper, of a blue or green 
color. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; booti. 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



anal 



510 



maladroit, see under mal. 

malady ('a-di), n. \_pl. maladies 
(-diz)], a disease, especially a deep- 
seated or lingering disorder, mental 
or physical. 

malaga ('a-ga), n. sl variety of wine. 

Malagasy ('a-gas-i), n. a native of 
MadagaRcar ; the language of Mada- 
gascar. 

malaise (ma-laz'), n. a vague feeling 
of uneasiness, often as the precursor 
of an attack of illness. 

malapert ('a-pert), adj. pert; saucy. 

mtalapropism ('a-prop-izm), n. a 
grotesque misuse of fine words : from 
Mrs, Malaprop, in Sheridan's The 
Rivals. 

malapropos (-ap-ro-p6'), adv. unsea- 
sonably. 

mialar (ma'lar), adj. pertaining to 
the cheek or cheek-bone. 

malaria (ma-la'ri-a), n. noxious ex- 
halations from marshy land, produc- 
ing fevers, &c. ; disease produced by 
such exhalations or by the bite of 
malaria-infested mosquitoes ; chills 
and fever ; ague. 

malarial ('ri-al), adj. pertaining to, 
producing, or infected by, malaria. 

malarious ('ri-us), adj. full of, or 
causing, malaria. 

Malay (-la'), adj. pertaining to the 
inhabitants of Malay, or to their 
language. 

malcontent (mal'kon-tent), adj. dis- 
contented, especially with established 
authority. 

male (mal), adj. pertaining to the 
sex that begets young ; not female ; 
bearing stamens; suitable to the 
male sex : n. one of the male sex. 

mialediction (mal-e-dik'shun), n. de- 
nunciation of evil ; execration ; curse. 

malefactor ('e-fak-ter), n. an evil 
doer ; criminal. 

malevolence (ma-lev'o-lens), n. 
spitefulness ; ill-will. 

malevolent, see under mal. 

malfeasance ( mal-f e'zans ) , n. an il- 
legal act or deed. 

malformation (-f6r-ma'shun), n. 
faulty or abnormal structure of an 
organism: 

malic (ma'lik), adj. derived from 
fruit, especially from the apple. 

malice (mal'is), n. evil intenton to 



injure others; deliberate mischief; 
spite. 

malicious (ma-lish'us), adj. bearing 
ill-will or spite ; prompted by hatred. 

malign (-lin), v.t. to speak evil of; 
slander : adj. hurtful ; pestilential. 

malignancy (-lig'nan-si), n. the 
state of being malignant; virulence, 

malignant ('nant), ad/t malicious; 
pernicious ; intending or effecting 
evil ; virulent. 

maligner (-lin'er), n. one who ma- 
ligns. 

malignity (-lig'ni-ti), n. the state of 
being malignant ; malice ; virulence. 

malinger (-ling'ger), vA. to feign ill- 
ness in order to evade duty. 

malison ('i-zn), n. sl curse; execra- 
tion. 

mall (mawl), n. a large heavy wooden 
mallet or beetle ; a public walk 
shaded by trees, originally a place 
where the game of pall-mall was 
played. 

mallard (mal'ard), n. a wild duck. 

malleability (-e-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being malleable. 

malleable ('e-a-bl), adj, capable of 
being extended by hammering or 
rolling. 

malleolar ('e-o-lar), adj, pertaining 
to the ankle. 

mallet ('et), n. a wooden hammer. 

malleus ('e-us), n. one of the three 
small auditory bones of the ear. 

Dtualloiv ( 'o ) , n. a plant of the genus 
Malva. Also mallows. 

malmsey (miim'zi), n. a rich variety 
of grape; a strong, full-flavored 
sweet wine. 

malpractice (mal-prak'tis), n. evil 
practice ; illegal or immoral conduct. 

malt (mawlt), n. barley or other 
grain steeped in water, fermented, 
and kiln dried for brewing: adj, 
made with malt : v.t. to make into 
malt : v.i. to be converted into malt. 

Maltese (mawl'tez), adj. pertaining 
to Malta, or to its inhabitants. 

Maltbusian (mal-thu'si-an), adj. 
pertaining to Malthus, the political 
economist, or his theory that over- 
population should be checked by 
moral self-control. 

maltine (mawlt'in), n. the fermenta- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



snal 



511 



tive principle of malt ; a medicinal 
preparation in which malt forms 
the chief ingredient. 

xnalt-liquor (mawlt'lik-er), n. an 
alcoholic liquor made from malt, as 
beer, ale, stout. 

xualtose Cos), n. sugar obtained 
from starch by the action of diastase 
or malt. 

maltreat (mal-tref), v.t. to treat ill 
or roughly. 

malversation (-ver-sa'shun), n. 
fraudulent practices, especially those 
committed in an office of trust. 

mama (ma-ma' or ma'ma), n. famil- 
iar name for mother. Also mamma. 

Mamaluke (mam'a-luk), n. one of a 
body of cavalry constituting the mil- 
itary force of Egypt : destroyed by 
Mehemet All (1811). Also Mam- 
eluke. 

mamma (ma-ma', or ma'ma), n. a 
family name for mother. 

mammae (mam'e), n.pl. the breasts. 

m.ammal ('al), n. one of the Mam- 
malia. 

Mammalia (-a'li-a), n.pl. the highest 
class of the Vertebrata, containing 
those animals which suckle their 
young. 

mammalian ('li-an), adj. pertaining 
to the Mammalia. 

mammary ('a-ri), adj. pertaining to 
the breasts. 

mammillary ('il-a-ri), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or resembling, the breast or 
nipples. 

mammodis ('mo-dis), n. coarse plain 
Indian muslins. 

mammon ('un), n. wealth; wordly 
gain : from Mammon, the Syrian god 
of riches. 

mammoth ('moth), n. an extinct 
species of huge fossil elephants : adj. 
gigantic. 

man (man), n. [pi. men (men)], a 
human being; an adult male of the 
human species ; mankind ; male serv- 
ant ; vassal ; one possessed of man- 
ly attributes ; a husband ; one of 
the pieces in chess or draughts : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. manned, p.pr. manning], 
to furnish with men ; guard. 

manacle ('a-kl), n. a handcuff: v.t. 
to place handcuffs upon ; shackle. 

manage ('aj), v.t. to conduct or car- 



ry on ; govern ; render docile or trac- 
table ; use cautiously ; wield : v.i. to 
conduct affairs._ 

manageable ('aj-a-bl), adj. easy to 
be managed ; docile. 

management ('aj-ment), n. the act 
or art of managing ; control ; skill 
in direction ; administration. 

manager ( 'a-jer ) , n. one who directs 
or conducts anything ; a skilful econ- 
omist. 

managerial (-je'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to a manager or to management. 

manakin ('a-kin), n. a dwarf. 

manatee (-a-te'), n. the sea-cow. 
Also manati. 

manbote ('bot), n. among the Anglo- 
Saxons, the fine paid for killing a 
man. 

mandamus (-da'mus) (Latin we com- 
mand), n. a writ issued by a superior 
court directing the person or in- 
ferior court to whom it is issued to 
perform some specified act. 

mandarin (-da-ren'), n. in China, an 
official or magistrate, of whom there 
are nine classes, each being distin- 
guished by a particular kind of but- 
ton worn on the cap ; a variety of 
orange: v.t. to dye (silk, &c.) an 
orange color produced by the action 
of dilute nitric acid on the fiber. 

mandarinate ('at), n. mandarins 
collectively. 

mandarin duck (duk), n. an Asiat- 
ic duck with handsome plumage. 

mandatary ('da-ta-ri), n. a person 
to whom a mandate is given ; one to 
whom the Pope has, by his preroga- 
tive, given a mandate or order for 
his benefice. Also mandatory. 

mandate ('dat), n. an order; com- 
mand ; Papal rescript. 

mandatory ('da-to-ri), adj. contain- 
ing a mandate ; directory. 

mandible ('di-bl), n. the jaw; in 
vertebrates, the under jaw ; in birds, 
both jaws : in insects and crusta- 
ceans, the anterior pair. 

mandolin ('do-lin), n. a musical in- 
strument of the guitar kind. 

mandrake ('drak), n. a plant of the 
nightshade family, with narcotic 
properties. 

mandrel ('drel), n. the shank of a 
lathe on which the work to be turned 



ate, arm, ksk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, *Aen. 



512 



is placed ; the revolving arbor of a 
circular saw. Also mandril. 

mandrill ('dril), n. the blue-faced 
baboon of Africa. 

mane (man), n. the long hair on the 
neck of certain quadrupeds, as the 
horse. 

manege (ma-nazh'), n. the art of 
horsemanship ; the training of 
horses ; a school for horsemanship. 

manes (ma'nez), n.])l. the shades of 
the departed ; the deities of the in- 
fernal regions. 

maneuver, manoeuvre (ma-no6'- 
ver), n. adroit management or opera- 
tion in military or naval affairs ; 
skilful or dexterous management ; 
stratagem : v,i. to perform maneu- 
vers V7\th. troops or war vessels ; 
manage with adroitness or address. 

tuanful (man'fool), adj. courageous; 
resolute. 

manfully (-11), adv. bravely; reso- 
lutely. 

mauganate (mang'ga-nat), n. a salt 
of manganic acid. 

manganese (-nez), n. a grey-colored, 
hard and brittle metallic element. 

mange (manj), n. a cutaneous dis- 
ease of dogs, cattle, &c. 

manger (man'jer), n. a feeding 
trough for horses or cattle. 

suangily ('ji-li), adv. in a mangy 
manner. 

manginess ('ji-nes), n. the state of 
being mangy. 

mangle (mang'gl), v.t. to lacerate; 
mutilate ; hack ; to smooth with a 
mangle : n. a machine for smoothing 
linen. 

Hangler ( mang'gl er), n. a meat- 
chopping machine ; one who man- 
gles. 

mango ('go), n. Ipl. mangoes 
Cgoz)], the fruit of the mango tree. 

m.ango-iisli (-fish), n. a handsome 
yellow-colored edible fish of the 
Ganges, 

m.angosteen (-sten), n. a delicious 
fruit of the size of an orange grow- 
ing in Java and the Moluccas. Also 
mangostan. 

mangrove (mang'grov), n. an East 
and West Indian tree yielding an 
edible fruit: its bark is used in 
tanning. 



mangy (man'ji), adj. affected with 
the mange ; unkept. 

manhood ('hood), n. human nature; 
manliness. 

mania (ma'ni-a), n. violent insanity; 
intense excitement ; excessive or un- 
reasonable desire. 

maniac ('ni-ak), adj. affected with 
mania : n. a madman. 

manicure (man'i-ktir), n. the care of 
the hands, nails, &c. 

manifest ('i-fest), adj. clear; plain; 
apparent : v.t. to make manifest ; 
place beyond doubt : n. the invoice 
of a cargo to be exhibited to the cus- 
tom-house officials. 

manifesto (-fes'to), n. [pi. manifes- 
toes ('toz)], a public declaration 
concerning political measures or in- 
tentions. 

manifold ('i-fold), adj. various in 
kind or quality ; numerous ; multi- 
plied ; complicated : adv. many 
times : v.t. to reduplicate by means 
of a manifold-writer. 

manifold-w^riter (ri'ter), n. an ap- 
paratus for reduplicating a writing 
by means of thin tracing paper. 

manikin ('i-kin), n. a dwarf; a 
model of the human body for apa- 
tomical study. 

manila, manilla (ma-nil'a), n. a 
kind of cheroot manufactured at Ma- 
nila in the Philippine Islands ; a 
hemp used for ropes, matting, &c., 
made from the fibers of Musa tex- 
tills, allied to the banana. • 

manioc (man'i-ok), n. a tropical 
plant from the roots of which 
tapioca and cassava are prepared. 

maniple (man'i-pl), n. a kind of 
scarf worn on the left arm by a 
priest at mass ; a company in an 
ancient Roman legion. 

manipulate (ma-nip'u-lat), v.t. to 
operate or work by means of the 
hands ; treat ; control the action of, 
by management ; falsify : v.i. to use 
the hands, especially in scientific 
operations, or mechanical processes. 

manipulation (-la'shun), n. the act 
or process of manipulating; manual 
dexterity ; falsification. 

manipulative ('u-la-tiv), adj. per- 
taining to, or performed by, manip- 
ulation. 



ate, arm. 



at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



513 



manipulator ('ti-la-ter), n. one who 
manipulates. 

juanis (ma'nis), n. the scaly ant- 
eater. 

Manitou (man'i-too), n. the Great 
Spirit of the North American In- 
dians. 

zuanliuess ('li-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being manly. 

manly ('li), adj. having the charac- 
teristics of a man ; courageous ; 
noble ; dignified ; resolute : adv. like 
a man. 

mianna ('a), n. a name given by the 
Israelites to the food miraculously 
supplied in the wilderness (Ex. xvi. 
15) ; the sweet laxative juice exuded 
from certain species of ash of South- 
ern Europe. 

manner ('er), n. method; mode of 
action ; habit ; custom ; sort ; mien ; 
aspect ; style ; fashion : pi. deport- 
ment ; morals ; behavior. 

mannerism (-izm), n. a peculiarity 
of style, action, or bearing, especial- 
ly if constrained or affected. 

mannerist (-ist), n. one who carries 
characteristic peculiarities to excess. 

mannerly (-li), adj. polite; com- 
plaisant ; respectful : adv. politely ; 
respectfully. 

mannish ('ish), adj. masculine. 

manoeuvre (ma-no6'ver), see maneu- 
ver. 

mian-of-Tirar (man-of-wawr), n. [pi. 
men-of-war], a large ship of war. 

manometer (ma-nom'e-ter), n. an 
instrument for determining the den- 
sity of the air or other gas from its 
elastic force. 

manor (man'er), n. the district over 
which a feudal lord held authority, 
and subject to the jurisdiction of his 
court-baron ; the land belonging to a 
lord, or so much as he formerly re- 
served for his own use ; a tract of 
land occupied by tenants who pay a 
fee-farm rent to the owner. 

manorial ( ma-no*ri-§,l ) , adj. pertain- 
ing to a manor. 

mansard roof (man'sard roof), n. 
a roof which has on ail sides two 
slopes, the lower being steeper than 
the upper. 

manse (mans), n. the residence of 



a Presbyterian parochial minister 
[Scotch]. 

mansion (man'shun), n. a large 
dwelling house. 

manslaughter ('slaw-ter), w. the un- 
lawful killing of a human being, but 
without malice or premeditation. 

mantel ( 'tel ) , n. a narrow ornamen- 
tal slab above a fireplace. Also 
mantelpiece. 

mantelet (-et), n. a kind of movable 
parapet for the protection of the 
pioneers ; a small mantel ; a besieg- 
ing party. Also mantlet. 

mantilla (-til'a), n. a lady's light 
cloak or hood. 

mantle (man'tl), n. a loose cloak or 
cape; the external fold of the skin 
of the body of mollusks ; a conical 
net-work that becomes incandescent 
when heated : used over a gas jet, 
&c., to increase the brilliancy of the 
light : v.t. to cover with, or as with, 
a mantle ; conceal : v.i. expand or 
spread out. 

mantua-maker ('tti-a-ma'ker), n. a 
dress-maker. 

manual ('u-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or performed by, the hands: n. a 
handy compendium ; the service book 
of the Roman Catholic Church ; the 
keyboard of an organ or harmonium. 

manufactory (-fak'to-ri), n. [pi. 
manufactories (-riz)], the place 
where goods are manufactured. 

manufacture ('tur), v.t. to make or 
fabricate from raw materials ; pro- 
duce artificially : v.i. to be occupied 
in manufactures : n. the conversion 
of raw materials into articles for 
use ; the thing manufactured. 

manufacturing (-ing), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or used in, manufacture. 

manumission (-ii-mish'un), n. the 
act of liberating from slavery ; 
emancipation. 

manumit (-mif), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
manumitted, p.pr. manumitting], to 
set free from slavery. 

manure (ma-nur'), n. any fertilizing 
substance used for enriching the 
soil : v.t. to enrich with fertilizing 
substances. 

manus (ma'nus), n. the hand. 

manuscript (man'ii-skript), adj. 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



514 



snai* 



written : n. a book or paper written 
by hand. 

Manx (mangks), adj. pertaining to 
the Isle of Man, to its inhabitants, 
or to the old language of the island. 

many (men'i), adj. [conip. more, 
superl. most], numerous; consisting 
of a great number : n. a great num- 
ber ; multitude ; people. 

Maori (ma'o-ri, or mou'ri), adj. per- 
taining to the Maoris, or aborigines 
of New Zealand, or to their lan- 
guage. 

map (map), n. a representation of 
the earth or some portion of it on 
a plane surface ; a representation 
of the heavens : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. map- 
ped, p.pr. mapping], to delineate or 
lay down in a map ; describe clearly ; 
sketch or plan. 

maple (ma'pl), n. a tree of several 
species of the genus Acer, from one 
of which the rock-maple sugar is 
extracted. 

mar (mar), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. marred, 
p.pr. marring], to disfigure; injure; 
damage : n. a blemish or disfigure- 
ment; injury. 

marabou (mar'a-boo), n. a large Af- 
rican stork, with handsome feath- 
ers. 

marabout (mar'a-boot), n. a Mo- 
hammedan saint, who professes to 
cure diseases by supernatural power. 

marasmus (ma-raz'mus), n. atrophy. 

miaraud (-rawd'), v.i. to rove in 
search of plunder. 

marble (mar'bl), n. a hard lime- 
stone of various colors capable of 
taking a fine polish ; anything re- 
sembling marble; a small ball of 
marble or stone : adj. made of, or 
like, marble ; cold ; hard ; unfeeling : 
v.t. to stain or vein like marble. 

March (march), n. the third month 
of the year. 

march (march), n. a regular, meas- 
ured walk, especially of soldiers ; 
steady onward movement ; a musical 
composition for the accompaniment 
of troops ; frontier ; borderland : v.t. 
to cause to move in a regular meas- 
ured walk, as troops : v.i. to move 
with regular steps, or in military 
form. 



marchioness (mar'shun-es), n. the 
wife or widow of a marquis. 

marconigram (mar-ko'ni-gram), n. 
a message sent by Marconi's system 
of wireless telegraphy. 

Mardi Gras (mar'de gra), n. Shrove 
Tuesday, the last day of Carnival. 

mare (mar), n. the female of the 
horse. 

mare's-nest (marz'nest), n. some 
fancied discovery which proves to be 
a hoax. 
.mare's-tail ('tal), n. an aquatic 
plant of the genus Hippuris ; a cir- 
rus cloud. 

margarine (mar'ga-rin), n. artificial 
butter. 

margin ( ' jin ) , n. border ; the part of 
a page at the edge, not printed 
upon ; reserved amount ; latitude : v.t. 
to furnish with a margin ; enter on 
the margin of a page. 

marginal (-al), adj. pertaining to, or 
placed on, a margin. 

marginalia (-ji-na'li-a), n.pl. mar- 
ginal notes. 

marginate ('jin-at), adj. having a 
margin. Also marginated. 

margosa (-go'sa), n. an East Indian 
tree yielding a valuable oil and tonic 
bark. 

margot ('got), n. a variety of perch. 

margravate ('gra- vat), n. the do- 
main or jurisdiction of a margrave. 

margrave ('grav), n. a German title 
of nobility. Fern, margravine. 

marigold (mar'i-gold), n. a plant 
with showy yellow flowers of various 
genera. 

marine (ma-ren'), adj. pertaining to, 
living in, or formed by, the sea ; 
naval ; near to the sea ; used at sea : 
n. a soldier who serves on a war- 
ship ; the navy of a nation ; naval 
affairs ; collective shipping of a 
country. 

mariner (mar'i-ner), n. a sailor. 

marionette (mar-i-o-nef), n. a pup- 
pet moved by strings. 

marital ('i-tal), adj. pertaining to 
marriage. 

maritime ('i-tim), adj. pertaining tOp 
connected with, or bordering upon, 
the sea ; naval. 

marjoram (mar'jo-ram), n. a genus 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n5rth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, ther\. 



515 



of aromatic plants, containing the 
sweet marjoram. 

mark (mark), n. a visible sign by 
which anything is known ; impres- 
sion ; evidence ; target ; a character 
made as a substitute for writing ; 
an old Scotch coin = 27 1/^ cents ; a 
current German coin and monetary 
unit = 241^ cents ; a former Euro- 
pean unit of weight = about 8 
ounces : v.t. to make a mark upon ; 
notify by, or as by, a sign ; distin- 
guish ; take notice of ; single out : 
v.i. to observe critically ; take note, 

markedly ('ed-li), adv. distinctly; 
publicly. . 

juarker ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, marks ; a counter in card- 
playing ; one who registers the score 
at billiards. 

market (mar'ket), n. a public place 
for the sale or purchase of commodi- 
ties ; market place ; rate or price : 
v.i. to deal in a market ; buy or sell. 

marking ('ing), adj. having the qual- 
ity to produce a mark : n. the mark 
made ; arrangement of marks or col- 
oring. 

-mLarksman. (marks'man), n. ipl. 
marksmen ('men)], one skilful in 
shooting. 

marl (marl), n. calcareous earth min- 
gled with clay and carbonate of lime : 
used as a manure : v.t. to manure 
with marl ; to wind with marlines. 

marline (mar'lin), n. a two-stranded 
cord used for winding round ropes, 
splicing, &c. 

marline-spike (-spik), n. a pointed 
piece of iron used for opening the 
strands of a rope in splicing. Also 
marling-spike. 

marling ('ling), n. the act of winding 
with marlines. 

marly ('li), adj. containing, or like, 
marl. 

marmalade ('ma-lad), n. a confec- 
tion made of oranges or other fruit. 

juarmose ('mos), n. a species of small 
opossum. 

marmoset ('mo-zet), n. a species 
of small American monkey. 

marmot ('mot), n. the Alpine rat; 
prairie dog. 

anaroon (ma-roon'), n. formerly a fu- 
gitive slave in the West Indies ; one 



who is marooned : v.t. to place and 
abandon on a desert island : adj. of a 
brownish-crimson color. 

marplot (mar'plot), n. one who frus 
trates some plan by his officious in- 
terference. 

marque (rfiark), n. a license granted 
by a state to a private vessel to 
make reprisals at sea on the ships of 

• another nation. 

marquetry ('ket-ri), n. inlaid work. 

marquis ('kwis) , n. a nobleman rank- 
ing next below a duke. Also mar- 
quess. Feminine marchioness. 

marquisate (-at), n. the seigniory, 
dignity, or lordship of a marquis. 

marriage (mar'aj), n. the act of le- 
gally uniting a man and woman in 
wedlock ; marriage ceremony. 

marriageability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state of being marriageable. 

marriageable ('aj-a-bl), adj. jfit, or 
of an age, to be married. 

married ('id), p. adj. united in wed- 
lock ; conjugal. 

marrow ('o), n. the medulla or oily 
tissue which fills the cavities of 
bones ; the essence of anything ; a 
vegetable marrow. 

marrow-bone (-bon), n. a bone con- 
taining marrow : pi. the knees. 

marrow-fat (-fat), n. a late variety 
of pea. 

marry ('i), v.i. Vp.t. & p.p. married, 
p.pr. marrying], to unite as husband 
and wife ; wed : v.i. to enter into the 
state of wedlock: inter j. By Mary! 
forsooth ! 

Mars (marz), n. one of the planets: 
from the Roman god of war. 

Marseillaise (mar-se-lya'), adj. per- 
taining to Marseilles or to its in- 
habitants : n. national anthem of the 
first French Revolution : composed 
by Rouget de I'lsl^, 1792. 

marseilles (-salz'), n. a double cloth 
fabric, quilted in the loom. 

marsh (marsh), n. a swampy tract of 
land. 

marshal (mar'shal), n. an official of 
high rank who superintends and 
regulates state ceremonials ; a pur- 
suivant ; in the French army, the 
highest military officer : a sheriff : 
v.t. to arange or dispose in order. 



ate. arm, ask, at. awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



516 



marshiness ('shi-nes), n. the state of 
being marshy. 

marshy ( 'shi ) , adj. swampy ; grow- 
ing in marshes. 

marsupial (-su'pi-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to the Marsupialia : n. one of the 
Marsupialia. 

%Marsupialia (-pi-a'li-a), n.pl. a sub- 
class of mammals that carry their 
young in a marsupium or external 
pouch, as the opossum and kangaroo. 

auart (mart), n. a market; purchase 
and sale. 

martagon ('ta-gon), n. a variety of 
lily with purple-red flowers ; the 
Turk's cap. 

marten ('ten), n. a small carnivorous 
animal of the weasel kind. 

martial ('shal), adj. pertaining to, 
or adapted for, war ; military. 

martial laiv (law), n. a code of reg- 
ulations enforced by the military 
power and applicable to civilians in 
time of war, insurrection, &c. 

martially ('li), adv. in a martial 
manner. 

martin ('tin), n. one of several spe- 
cies of birds allied to the swallow. 

martinet (-et), n. a strict disciplin- 
arian : pi. small lines fastened to the 
leech of a sail. 

martingale (-gal), n. a broad strap 
passing from the nose-band to the 
girth of a horse, between its fore 
legs, to keep its head down ; a lower 
stay for the jib-boom or flying jib- 
boom. 

martyr ('ter), n. one who testifies by 
his death to his faith or principles ; 
one who suffers acutely : v.t. to put 
to death for adherence to some be- 
lief, especially Christianity ; perse- 
cute ; torture ; destroy. 

martyrdom (-dum), n. the death or 
sufferings of a martyr. 
\ niartyroiogist (-ol'o-jist), n. a writ- 
er of martyrology. 

niartyrology (-ol'o-ji), n. a register 
or history of martyrs. 

marvel ('vel), n. something extraor- 
dinary and astonishing ; a prodigy : 
v.i. to be struck with astonishment ; 
wonder, 

marvelous (-us), adj. exciting won- 
der ; incredible. 



mascle (mas'kl), n. a lozenge-shaped 
scale of a coat of armor ; in her- 
aldry, a lozenge perforated. 

mascot ('kot), n. a person or thing 
that brings good fortune. Feminine 
mascotte [French]. 

masculine ('ku-lin), adj. pertaining 
to, having the qualities of, or suita- 
ble for, a man ; manly ; powerful ; 
robust ; coarse ; noting the male gen- 
der in grammar. 

mash (mash), n. a soft or pulpy 
mass ; a mixture of bran and water 
for horses ; bruised malt, &c., steeped 
in hot water for making wort : v.t. 
to mix with hot water (as malt) 
in brewing ; convert into a mash or 
soft pulpy state ; to inspire love in. 

masher ('er), n. one who imperti- 
nently endeavors to make himself 
attractive to, or engage the attention 
of, women. 

mask (mask), n. a cover or partial 
cover to conceal the face ; pretext or 
subterfuge ; a masquerade : v.t. to 
conceal with, or as with, a mask ; 
cover or hold in check : v.i. to take 
part in a masquerade ; be disguised. 

mason (ma'sn),w. a builder in stone; 
a Freemason. 

Masonic (-son'ik), adj. pertaining to 
Freemasons or to their craft. 

masonry ('sn-ri), n. the art or occu- 
pation of a mason ; materials used 
by masons ; Freemasonry. 

masque (mask), n. a masquerade. 

masquerade (mas-ker'ad), n. a ball 
or festive gathering where masks are 
worn ; a disguise : v.t. to cover with 
a mask or disguise : v.i. to take part 
in a masquerade. 

mass (mas), n. a large quantity; 
lump ; body of things collectively ; 
the celebration of the Eucharist in 
the Roman Catholic Church ; a mu- 
sical setting for certain parts of such 
a celebration : pi. common people 
(with the) : v.t. & v.i. to collect into 
a mass or body. 

massacre ('a-ker), n. indiscriminate 
slaughter with unnecessary cruelty: 
v.t. to slaughter indiscriminately 
with unnecessary cruelty. 

massage ('aj or ma-siizh'), n. a meth- 
od of medical treatment by rubbing 
or kneading the bodv. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



517 



mat 



masseter ('e-ter), n. the short thick 
muscle chat raises the lowei- iaw. 

masseur (ma-ser'), n. oue who per- 
forms the operation of massage. 
Feminine masseuse [French]. 

massicot (mas'i-kot), n. yellow oxide 
of lead. 

massive ('iv), adj. weighty; heavy; 
bulky ; imperfectly and irregularly 
crystallized. 

massively (-li), adv. in a mass. 

massiveness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being massive. 

massy ('i), adj. massive. 

mast (mast), n. a long round piece of 
timber or iron tube, either entire, or 
formed of parts, raised vertically on 
the keel of a vessel to support the 
sails; the fruit of the oak and the 
beech. 

masted ('ed), adj. furnished with a 
mast. 

masthead ('bed), n. the top part of 
a mast : v.t. to send to the masthead 
as a nautical punishment. 

master ('er), n. one who rules or 
commands others ; director ; em- 
ployer ; owner ; head of a household, 
college, school, &c. : an expert ; com- 
mander of a merchant-vessel ; a uni- 
versity degree ; appellation given to 
(boys ; a legal title : adj. pertaining 
to a master ; chief : v.t. to subdue or 
overcome ; v.i. excel. 
mastery (-i), n. dominion; preemi- 
nence ; eminent skill. 

mastic (mas'tik), n. a resin obtained 
from the mastic tree : used as a var- 
nish. 

masticable ('ti-ka-bl), adj. capable 
of being masticated. 

masticate ('ti-kat), v.t. to grind 
j with the teeth ; chew. 

I mastication (-ka'shun), n. the act 
j of masticating ; chewing. 

i masticator ('ter), w. one who, or 
I that w^hich, masticates ; a machine 

j for mincing meat or cutting leather, 

&c,, into small pieces. 

masticatory ('i-ka-to-ri), adj. adapt- 
ed for chewing 

mastiff (mas'tif), n. a large variety 
of dog. 

mastodon (mas'to-don), n. an extinct 
genus of mammals, allied to the ele- 
phant. 



mastoid Ctoid), o(?;. breast-like. 
I masturbation (-ter-ba'shun), ?i. self- 
I pollution. 

I mat (mat), n. a texture of various 
I Hbrous materials, used for cleansing 
the feet, &c. ; a web of rope-yard ; 
an ornamental article on which to 
place things at table: v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. matted, p.pr. matting], to cover 
with mats ; entangle or interweave, 

matador (ma-ta-dor'), n. the man 
who kills the bull in a bull-fight ; one 
of the three principal cards at omber 
and quadrille. Also madadore. 

match (mach), n. anything that read- 
ily ignites ; a lucif er ; anything which 
agrees with or suits another thing ; 
an equal ; game or contest ; mar- 
riage ; one to be gained in marriage : 
v.t. to be equal to ; set against or 
oppose as an equal : v.i. to agree 
with. 

matchboard ('bord), n. a thin plank 
used for wainscoting, &c. 

matchlock ('lok), n. an old kind of 
musket. 

matchmaker ('mak-er), n. one who 
seeks to arrange marriages. 

mate (mat), n. a companion or asso- 
ciate ; an equal ; the male and female 
of animals associated for propaga- 
tion ; an officer in the merchant serv- 
ice ranking below the captain ; 
checkmate : v.t. to match ; be equal 
to ; marry. 

mate (ma'ta), n. a tea made of the 
dried leaves of Brazilian holly : used 
largely in South America. 

matelote (mat'e-lot), n. sl dish com- 
posed of various kinds of fish. 

mater (ma'ter),w. (Latin a mother) 
one of the two membranes {dura 
mater, pia mater) covering the 
brain. 

materfamilias (-fa-mil'i-as), n. the 
mistress of a family or household. 

materia medica (ma-te'ri-a med'i- 
ka), a name for the various sub- 
stances employed in medicine. 

material ('ri-al), adj. consisting of 
matter ; not spiritual ; corporeal ; 
essential : n. the substance of which 
anything is made. 

materialism (-izm), n. the doctrine 
that all spiritual phenomena are the 
result of organized matter. 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hiie, hut ; think, then. 



It 



mat 



518 



mat 



anaterialize (-iz), v.t. to invest with 
material characteristics. 

materialist (-ist), n. one who holds 
the doctrine of materialism. 

materialistic (-is'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to materialism. 

materiality (-al'i-ti), n. material ex- 
istence. 

materially ('i-al-li), adv. essentially. 

materiel (-ta-re-al'), n. the baggage, 
munitions, provisions of an army, 
&c. 

maternal (-ter'nal), adj. motherly, 

maternally (-li), adv. like a mother. 

maternity ('ni-ti), n. the character 
or relationship of a mother. 

math, (math), n. a mowing. 

mathematical (-e-mat'ik-al), adj. 
pertaining to, or performed by, 
mathematics ; theoretically precise. 
Also mathematics. 

mathematically (-li), adv. by math- 
ematics. 

mathematician (-ma-tish'an) , n. one 
who is skilled in mathematics. 

mathematics (-mat'iks), n. the sci- 
ence of number and space. 

m.atico (ma-te'ko), n. a Peruvian 
plant, whose leaves are used as a 
powerful styptic. 

matin (mat'in) , adj. pertaining to the 
morning or to matins : n.pl. morning 
prayer; in the Roman Catholic 
Church the first canonical hour. 

matinee (-i-na' or ma-te-na'), n. a 
reception or musical or dramatic per- 
formance held in the daytime. 

matricidal (mat'ri-si-dal), adj. per- 
taining to matricide. 

matricide ('ri-sid), n. the murder of 
a mother by a son or daughter ; one 
who murders one's mother. 

matriculate (ma-trik'ti-lat), v.t. to 
admit to the membership of a college 
or university by entering one's name 
in a register : v.t. to be admitted as 
a member or student of a college, &c. 

matriculation (-la'shun), n. the act 
of registering and admitting as a 
matriculated student. 

matrimonial (mat-ri-mo'ni-al), adj. 
pertaining to marriage; nuptial; 
connubial. 

matrimonially (-li), adv. in a mat- 
rimonial relation. 



matrimony ('ri-mo-ni). n. marriage, 

matrix (ma'triksj, n. [pi. matrices 
(mat'ri-sez) ], the womb; the cavity 
in which anything is formed or cast ; 
a mold ; the rock in which a fossil or 
mineral is embedded ; the five col- 
ors (black, white, blue, red, yellow) 
from which all others are formed in 
dyeing. 

matron (ma'tron), n. a married 
woman, especially one who has 
borne children ; the lady superin- 
tendent of a hospital or institution. 

matronage (-aj), n. matrons collec- 
tively. 

matronal ('tron-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or suitable for, a matron. 

matronly (-li), adv. matron-like; el- 
derly ; sedately. 

matronymic (mat-ro-nim'ik), n. a 
man's or woman's name derived from 
that of a mother. 

matte (mat), n. metal imperfectly 
reduced. 

matted ('ed), adj. covered with a 
mat ; closely tangled together. 

matter ('er), n. that which occupies 
space, and is perceptible by the 
senses ; body ; substance ; thing of 
importance ; business ; event ; indefi- 
nite amount ; pus ; set-up type : v.i. 
to signify ; be of importance. 

matties ('iz), n.pl. Scotch herrings 
of moderate size with small milts 
and roes. 

matting ('ing), n. mats collectively; 
material for mats ; ornamental mat- 
work. 

mattock ('ok), n. a pickaxe having 
one of its ends flat. 

mattress ('res), n. a quilted hair- or 
straw-stuffed bed ; a spring mat- 
tress ; a mat made of trees or shrubs. 

maturation (-u-ra'shun), n. the pro- 
cess of ripening or coming to ma- 
turity. 

mature (ma-tur), adj. [comparative 
maturer, superlative maturest], ripe : 
full-grown ; ready for application or 
use : v.t. to bring or hasten to ma- 
turity : v.i. to become ripe. 

maturely (-li), adv. in a mature 
manner. 

maturity ('i-ti), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being mature ; ripeness ; full 
development. 



ate. arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boonj 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



mat 



519 



mea 



I 



xnatutinal (ma-tu'ti-nal), adj. per- 
taining to the morning ; early. 

maud (mawd), n. a grey-striped 
Scotch plaid. 

Biaudlin ('lin), adj. easily moved to 
tears ; weakly and foolishly senti- 
mental. 

xnaugre (maw'ger), prep, in spite of. 

maul ( mawl ) , n. a. large wooden ham- 
mer : v.t. to wound or bruise in a 
rough manner. 

maul-stick, same as mahl-stick. 

mausoleuiu (maw-so-le'um), n. a 
stately tomb or monument, especial- 
ly that of Mausolus, King of Caria, 
erected by his widow Artemisia. 

mauve (mov), n. a soft lilac or pur- 
ple color. 

miavis (ma'vis), n. the song-thrush. 

maw (maw), n. the stomach of ani- 
mals ; the craw of a bird. 

mawkish (mawk'ish) , atZ;. loathsome ; 
affectedly sentimental. 

maxilla (maks'il-a), n. [pi. maxillse 
-e)], the upper jawbone. 

miaxillary ('il-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
to the jaw or jawbone. 

xaaxilliform ('i-form), adj. shaped 
like the cheek or jawbone. 

maxim ('im), n. an established prin- 
ciple or truth ; proverb ; aphorism. 

maximum, ('i-mum), w. the greatest 
number, quantity, or degree, attain- 
able. 

May (ma), n. the fifth month of the 
year. 

may, n. the English hawthorn. 

m.ay, v. aux. \_p.t. might, (-mit)], to 
be able ; be allowed. 

mayor (ma'er), n. the chief magis- 
trate of a city or borough. Feminine 
mayoress. 

mayoralty (-al-ti), n. the oflBce, or 
term of office, of a mayor. 

Maypole ('pol), n. a pole around 
which May festivities are held. 

maze (maz), n. bewilderment; a laby- 
rinth : v.t. to bewilder. 

mazily ('i-li), adv. in a mazy manner. 

mazurka (ma-zer'ka), n. a lively 
Polish dance ; music set to such a 
dance. Also mazourka. 

mazy (maz'i), adj. intricate; bewil- 
dering ; winding. 

mead (med), n. a fermented liquor of 



honey, water, and spices ; a meadow 
[Poet.]. 

meadow (med'o), n. a tract of rich 
pasture land ; land yielding hay ; low 
grass land by the banks of .rivers. 

meadowy (-i), adj. containing mead- 
ows. 

meager (me'ger), adj. thin; scanty; 
poor ; barren ; lean ; weak. 

meagerly (-li), adv. thinly; poorly. 

meal (mel), n. edible ground grain ; a 
repast. 

mealy ('i), adj. consisting of, sprin- 
kled with, or having the qualities of, 
meal. 

mealy-moutked (-mou#/^d), adj. us- 
ing soft words ; unwilling to tell the 
truth in plain words. 

mean {-men), adj. [comparative mean- 
er, superlative meanest], wanting in 
dignity or honor ; vulgar ; inferior ; 
insignificant; humble; sordid; 
stingy ; middle ; not excessive : n. the 
middle point, quantity, value, or de- 
gree ; average : pi. resources ; prop- 
erty : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. meant, p.pr. 
meaning], to have in the mind or 
intention ; signify : v.i. to have an 
intention. 

m.eander (me-an'der), v.t. to wind or 
flow round : v.i. to have a winding 
course ; be intricate. 

meaning (men'ing), n. intention; 
sense. 

meant, p.t. & p.p. of mean. 

meantime ('tim), adv. in the inter- 
vening time. Also meanwhile. 

measles (me'zlz), n. an infectious 
disease characterized by fever and 
small red spots on the skin ; a dis- 
ease of swine and of trees. 

measurable (mezh'er-a-bl), adj. ca- 
pable of being measured. 

measurably (-a-bli), adv. in a meas- 
urable manner ; in a limited degree. 

measure ('er), n. the standard by 
which the volume or extent of any- 
thing is compared ; extent or dimen- 
sions of a thing ; proportion ; a di- 
visor leaving no remainder ; an in- 
strument for measuring ; musical 
time ; meter ; law or statute : pi. 
strata or beds : v.t. to ascertain the 
extent, size, or volume of ; mark out ; 
estimate ; allot ; determine by rule 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



520 



med 



or standard : v.i. to take measure- 
ments ; be equal or uniform. 

measured ('erd), adj. determined by 
a standard ; uniform ; steady ; mod- 
erated. 

xueasuremeut ('er-ment), n. the act 
of measuring ; quantity ascertained 
by measuring ; size ; area ; capacity. 

meat (met), oi. animal food. 

mechanic (rae-kan'ik), n. a skilled 
workman : pi. the science of the laws 
of matter and motion, especially the 
science of machinery. 

m.echanical (-ul), adj. pertaining to 
the principles of mechanics ; pertain- 
ing to, or produced by, machines or 
machinery ; done automatically, as 
from force of habit. 

meclianically (-li), adv. in a me- 
chanical manner. 

mecliamcal powers (pow'erz), n.pl. 
powers obtained by the application 
of a small force, viz., the lever, in- 
clined plane, wheel and axle, screw, 
pulley, and wedge. 

mecliaiiician (mek-a-nish'an) , n. one 
skilled in mechanics or machinery. 

meclianism (Ti-nizm), n. parts of a 
machine ; mechanical construction. 

medal (med'al), n. a coin-shaped 
piece of metal impressed with a de- 
vice or inscription to commemorate 
some event, distinguished person, &c. 

medallic (me-dal'ik), adj. pertaining 
to medals. 

medallion ('yun), n. a large antique 
medal ; a round or oval tablet with 
figures in bas-relief. 

medallist (med'al-ist), n. an engrav- 
er of medals ; one who has gained a 
medal as a reward or prize. 

meddle (med'l), v.i. to interpose or 
interfere officiously. 

meddler ('ler), n. an officious per- 
son ; busybody. 

meddlesome ('1-sum), adj. officiously 
intrusive. 

mediaeval, same as medieval. 

median (me'di-an), adj. pertaining 
to, or connected with, the middle of 
anything. 

mediate (-at), v.i. to interpose as a 
mutual friend between parties to ef- 
fect a reconciliation. 

mediation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
mediating ; reconciliation. 



mediator ('di-a-ter), n. one who 
mediates ; an intercessor. 

mediatorial (-a-to'ri-al), adj. per- 
taining to a mediator or mediation : 
intercessory. Also mediatory. 

mediatorially (-li), adj. by media- 
tion. 

medical (med'i-kal), adj. pertaining 
to, or connected with, medicine. 

medically (-li), adv. according to 
medical rules, 

medicament ('i-ka-ment), n. a medi- 
cine or healing application. 

medicate ('i-kat), v.t. to impregnate 
or tincture with anything medicinal. 

medicinal (me-dis'i-nal), adj. having 
the properties of, or used in, medi- 
cine. 

medicinally (-al-li), adv. medically. 

medicine (med'i-sin), n. the science 
which relates to the treatment and 
alleviation of disease ; a specific for 
the cure of disease. 

medicine-man (-man), n. among 
certain tribes, as the North Ameri- 
can Indians, a conjurer who pro- 
fesses to drive away evil spirits or 
disease by magical arts. 

medieval (me-di-e'val), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or characteristic of, the Mid- 
dle Ages (8th-15th centuries A.D.). 
Also mediaeval. 

medievalism (-izm), n. the spirit, 
especially in religion and art, char- 
acteristic of the Middle Ages. 

mediocre (me'di-o-ker), adj. of me- 
dium excellence ; ordinary. 

mediocrity (-ok'ri-ti), n. of moder- 
ate degree ; a person of ordinary 
abilities. 

meditate (med'i-tat), v.i. to muse or 
ponder ; think abstractedly : v.t. to 
think upon ; design ; purpose. 

meditation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
meditating ; deep thought. 

meditative ('i-ta-tiv), adj. disposed 
to meditation. 

meditatively (-li), adv. with medi- 
tation. 

meditativeness (-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being meditative. 

medium (me'di-um), n. [pi. media, 
mediums (-a, -umz)], a mean; any- 
thing intervening ; agency ; space or 
substance in which bodies exist or 
move ; a size of paper 24 X 19 inches : 



ate, arm, isk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



med 



521 



me) 



middle term of a syllogism ; a per- 
son through whom communications 
from the spirit world are conveyed ; 
the liquid vehicle with which dry pig- 
ments are ground. 

medley ('li), n. mixture or confused 
mass of different ingredients. 

medulla (me-dul'a), n. the marrow 
of bones ; pith of plants. 

medullary ('a-ri), adj. pertaining to, 
consisting of, or like, marrow or 
' medulla. 

meduUin (-dul'in), n, a variety of 
cellulose found in the pith of certain 
plants. 

Medusa (me-dii'sa), n. [pi. medusae 
('se) ], in classical mythology, one of 
the three Gorgons whose fine hair 
was changed into snakes, and whose 
glance changed into stone all who 
looked on her. 

juedusa, n. the sea-nettle or jelly-fish. 

meed (med), n. recompense; reward. 

meek (mek), adj. [comparative meek- 
er, superlative meekest], gentle ; sub- 
missive ; yielding ; mild of temper ; 
humble ; patient. 

meer (mer), n. a boundary or divi- 
sion. Also mere. 

lueerschaum ('shum), n. a claylike 
silicate of magnesia from which pipe- 
bowls are made ; a pipe of this ma- 
terial. 

meet (met),-?;.*, [p.t. & p.p. met, p.pr. 
meeting], to come up to from a dif- 
ferent direction ; confront ; encoun- 
ter ; fall in with ; receive ; satisfy ; 
come upon ; answer : v.i. to assem- 
ble ; be united : n. a meeting of 
huntsmen ; the place of meeting : 
adj. fit ; suitable ; appropriate. 

meeting ('ing), n. an assembling or 
coming together ; junction ; a congre- 
gation. 

meg, a prefix meaning great, power- 
ful. Also mega, megalo, as mega- 
cpphalous : adj. having a large head. 

megolim ('6m), n. 1,000,000 ohms: a 
measure of electrical resistance. 

megrim (me'grim), n. a sick or neu- 
ralgic headache, usually on one side 
of the head : pi. vertigo in a horse. 

melancholia (mel-an-ko'li-a), n. a 
form of insanity characterized by 
great depression of spirits. 



melancholic (-kol'ik), adj. affected 
with melancholy ; depressed in spir- 
its ; dejected. 

melancholy ('an-kol-i), n. great de- 
pression of spirits ; melancholia : adj, 
depressed in spirits ; hypochondriac. 

melange (ma-liingzh'), n. a confused 
mixture; medley [French]. 

melanin (mel'a-nin), n. the black 
pigment cells of the eye and skin. 

melanite ('an-it), n. a black variety 
of garnet. 

melanism ('an-izm), n. excess of the 
coloring pigment in the skin. 

melee (ma-la'), n. a hand-to-hand 
conflict ; scuflBe ; affray. 

melinite (mel'in-it), n. a powerful 
explosive. 

melilot ('i-lot), n. a species of sweet" 
scented trefoil or clover. 

meliorate (mel'yo-rat), v.t. to im- 
prove or make better. 

melioration (-ra'shun), n. improve- 
ment. 

mellifluent (mel-ifflti-ent), adj. 
smooth ; sweetly flowing. Also mel- 
lifluous. 

melligenous (-ij'e-nus), adj. having 
the qualities of, or producing, honey. 

mellow Co), adj. fully ripe ; not hard, 
harsh, or rigid ; half tipsy. 

mellowy (-i), adj. soft; unctuous; 
loamy. 

melodeon (me-lo'de-on), n. a small 
reed organ ; a music hall. 

melodious ('di-us), adj. full of, or 
produced by, melody ; musical. 

melodist ('dist), n. a composer of 
melodies. 

melodize ('diz), v.t. to make melo- 
dious : v.i. compose melodies. 

melodrama (mel-6-dra'ma), n. a play 
characterized by highly sensational 
or romantic incidents. 

melodramatic (-dra-mat'ik), adj. 
pertaining to melodrama; highly 
sensationah 

melody ('o-di), n. [pi. melodies 
(-diz) ], the arrangement of different 
musical sounds for a single voice or 
instrument ; tune. 

melon ('un), n. a plant of the cucum- 
ber family with its edible fruit. 

melotype ('6-tip), n. a method of 
producing photographs so that their 
development may be deferred. 



ate, arm, 



c, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



mel 



522 



melt (melt) , v.t. & v.i. to change from 
a solid to a liquid state ; dissolve ; 
soften to love and tenderness. 

melton ('un), n. a kind of thick 
broadcloth v\^ith an unfinished sur- 
face. 

member (mem'ber), n. a limb or or- 
gan ; essential part of anything ; one 
of an association or community. 

membrane ('bran), n. a thin fold or 
layer of itssue forming the covering 
of some part or organ. 

membranous ('bra-nus), adj. per- 
taining to, consisting of, or like, 
membranes. 

memento (me-men'to), n. [pi. me- 
mentos ('toz)], a souvenir; memo- 
rial. 

memoir (mem'war), n. a history 
written from personal experience 
and knowledge ; a biography : pi. a 
record of investigations on . a sub- 
ject ; transactions or journal of a 
learned or scientific society. 

memorabilia (-o-ra-bil'i-a), n.pl. 
things worthy of remembrance or 
record. 

memorable ( 'or-a-bl ) , adj, worthy of 
remembrance ; remarkable ; notable. 

memorably (-a-bli), adj. so as to be 
remembered. 

memorandum (-o-ran'dum), n. [pi. 
memoranda ('da)], a note to assist 
the memory ; brief record of some- 
thing to be remembered ; summary 
or outline. 

memorial (me-mo'ri-al), adj. com- 
memorative ; preservative of, or con- 
tained in, the memory : n. an in- 
formal diplomatic paper ; a written 
representation of facts addressed to 
the government, a public body, &c. 

memorialize (-iz), v.t. to petition by 
means of a memorial. 

memorialist (-ist), n. one who pre- 
pares, signs, or presents, a memorial. 

memoriter (-mor'i-ter), adv. from 
memory. 

memory (mem'o-ri), n. [pi. memories 
(-riz)], that faculty of the mind by 
which it retains the knowledge of 
previous occurrences, facts, thoughts, 
&c., and recalls them. 

menace (men'as), n. a threat: v.t. to 
threaten. 



menacingly ('a-sing-li), adv. in a 
threatening manner. 

menagerie (-azh'er-i or -aj'e-ri), m. 
a place where wild animals are 
kept ; a collection of wild animals 
for exhibition. 

mend (mend), v.i. to repair (that 
which is broken or worn} ; make 
good or better ; reform ; increase : 
v.i. to grow better ; improve. 

mendacious (men-da'shus) ,a(?/. given 
to falsehood ; lying ; false. 

mendacity (-das'i-ti), n. [pi. men- 
dacities (-tiz)], falsehood; habitual 
lying. 

mendicancy ('di-kan-si), n. the state 
of being a beggar ; begging. Also 
mendicity. 

mendicant (-kant), adj. practicing 
begging ; reduced to beggary : n. a. 
beggar ; a begging friar. 

menliaden (-ha'dn), n. an American 
fish allied to the herring, yielding a 
valuable oil. 

menial (me'ni-al), adj. pertaining to 
a retinue of servants ; pertaining to, 
or suitable for, servants ; mean ; 
servile : n. a domestic servant ; one 
who performs servile work. 

menilite (men'i-lit), n. a variety of 
opal. 

meninges (me-nin'jez), n.pl. the 
three membranes that envelop the 
brain and the spinal cord. 

meningitis (men-in-ji'tis), n. inflam- 
mation of the meninges. 

meniscus (me-nis'kus) , n. [pi. menisci 
('si), meniscuses ('kus-ez)], a cres- 
cent ; a lens convex on one side and 
concave on the other. 

menses (men'sez), n.pl. the catame- 
nial discharge. Also menstruation. 

menstrual ('str5o-al), adj. occurring 
monthly. 

menstruum (-um), n. a solvent. 

mensurable ( 'shti-ra-bl ) , adj. meas- 
urable. 

mensuration (-ra'shun), n. the act 
or process of taking the measure or 
dimensions of anything ; measure- 
ment. 

mental ('tal), adj. pertaining to the 
mind ; intellectual. 

mentally (-li), adv. in the mind; in 
thought or idea ; intellectually. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book: htie. hut: think, then. 



523 



mentliol ('tbol), n. a crystalline sub- 
stance resembling camphor : used as 

• a counter-irritant. 

xuentliyl ('thil), n. the base of men- 
thol. 

mention ('shun), n. a brief notice; 
casual remark ; hint : v.t. to speak 
briefly of ; notice casually ; name. 

mentor ('ter), n. sl wise and faithful 
counselor : from Mentor, the friend 
and tutor of Ulysses. 

menu (-00'), n. a bill of fare. 

Mephistop helian ( mef-is-to-f e'li- 
an), adj. pertaining to, or like, 
Mephistopheles : hence scoffing, re- 
lentless, and cynical. 

mepliitic (me-fit'ik), adj. poisonous; 
noxious ; offensive to the smell. Also 
mephitical. 

mercantile (mer'kan-til), adj. com- 
mercial. 

mercenarily ('se-na-ri-li ) , adv. in a 
mercenary manner. 

mercenary ('se-na-ri), n. [pi. mer- 
cenaries (-riz)], a soldier hired into 
foreign service ; one who serves for 
pay : adj. serving for pay or re- 
ward ; venal ; sordid. 

mercer ('ser), n. a dealer in textile 
fabrics. 

mercery (-i), n. the commodities in 
which a mercer deals. 

mercliandise ('chan-diz), n. goods, 
wares, or commodities, bought and 
sold. 

merchant ('chant), n. one who traf- 
fics or carries on trade on a large 
scale, especially with foreign coun- 
tries ; a shopkeeper : adj. pertaining 
to, or employed in, trade ; mercantile. 

merchantman (-man), n. [pi. mer- 
chantmen (-men)], a trading vessel. 

merciful ('si-fool), adj. full of, or 
exercising, mercy ; tender-hearted ; 
compassionate. 

mercifully (-li), adv. with mercy or 
compassion. 

merciless (-les), adj. destitute of 
mercy ; unfeeling ; cruel. 

mercurial (-ku'ri-al), adj. active; 
volatile ; fickle ; pertaining to, made 
of, or caused by, mercury. 

Mercury ('ku-ri), n. one of the plan- 
ets ; from Mercury, the messenger of 
the gods. 

mercury, n. quicksilver. 



mercy ('si), n. [pi. mercies ('siz)], 
the disposition to forgive, spare, or 
pity ; clemency ; forbearance ; com- 
passion ; beneficence. 

mere, same as meer. 

mere (mer), adj. [superlative mer- 
est], such and no more; simple; en- 
tire ; absolute. 

merely ('li), advo simply; purely; 
only. 

meretricious (mer-e-trish'us), adj. 
pertaining to prostitutes ; lustful ; 
alluring by false show ; tawdry. 

merge (merj), v.t. to absorb or swal- 
low up : v.i. to be swallowed up or 
lost. 

merger (merj'er), n. the legal consol- 
idation of two estates, conforming 
them into one estate ; the placing of 
the operations of two or more com- 
peting interests under the control of 
a single body. 

mericarp (mer'i-karp), n. one of the 
carpels of an umbelliferous fruit. 

meridian (me-rid'i-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to mid-day : n. mid-day ; noon ; 
highest point or culmination ; an 
imaginary great circle of the sphere 
passing through the poles of the 
heavens and the zenith and nadir of 
any given place, and cutting the 
equator at right angles. 

meridional ('i-o-nal), adj. pertain- 
ing to the meridian ; southern. 

meridionally ('li), adv. in the direc- 
tion of the meridian. 

meringue (me-rangg'), n. a light con- 
fection of eggs, sugar, cream, or jam. 

merino (me-re'no), n. [pi. merinos 
('noz) ], a breed of sheep with a fine 
wool ; the wool of such sheep : adj. 
pertaining to, or made of, the wool 
of the merino sheep. 

merit (mer'it), n. excellence; worth; 
deserved reward : pi. essential cir- 
cumstances : v.t. to earn ; be entitled 
to ; be deserving of. 

meritorious (-i-to'ri-us), adj. having 
merit ; deserving of reward or praise. 

merle (merl), n. the. blackbird [Poet.], 

merlin (mer'lin), n. a small falcon. 

merling (merl'ing), n. the whiting. 

merlon ('on), n. that part of a para- 
pet included between two embra- 
sures. 



ate, arm, isk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



jner 



524 



met 



mermaid (mer'mad), n. a fabled ma- 
rine creature having the upper part 
like a woman and the lower part like 
a fish. 

merman ('man), n. the male of the 
mermaid. 

merrily (mer'i-li), adv. in a merry 
manner. 

merriment ('i-ment), n. mirth; fun; 
frolic ; gaiety. Also merriness. 

merry ('i), adj. [comparative merri- 
er, superlative merriest], full of 
mirth and good humor ; gay ; sport- 
ive ; jovial ; pleasant. 

merry-andrew (-an'droo), n. a buf- 
foon. 

merry-dancers (-dan'serz), n.pl. the 
Aurora Borealis. 

merry - go - round ( mer'-i-go-round ) , 
n. a circular frame fitted with 
wooden horses or seats, on which 
persons ride at fairs, &c. 

merry-thonght (-thawt), n. the 
forked bone (furcula) of a fowl's 
breast. 

mesa (ma'sa), n. elevated table-land. 

mesalliance (-za-le-angs'), n. mar- 
riage with one of lower social posi- 
tion. 

mesh (mesh), n. an opening or inter- 
stice of a net ; brewer's grains. 

mesial (mez'i-al), adj. middle. 

mesjid (mez'jid), n. a mosque. 

xnesmeric (-mer'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or produced by, mesmerism. 

mesmerism ('mer-izm), n. the art of 
inducing an abnormal state of the 
nervous system in which the thoughts 
and actions of the patient are con- 
trolled by the will of the operator; 
animal magnetism. 

mesmerist (-ist), n. one who prac- 
tises the art of mesmerism. Also 
mesmerizer. 

mesmerize (-iz), v.t. to induce the 
mesmeric state. 

mesne (men), adj. middle; interven- 
ing. 

meso, a preiix meaning middle, inter- 
mediate, as mesoblast, the inter- 
mediate layer of the blastoderm of 
an ovum ; mesocarp, the middle 
layer of a pericarp. 

mesosperm (mes'o-sperm), n. the 
second membrane of a seed. 



Mesozoic (-zo'ik), adj. pertaining to 
the Secondary Age or era of rep- 
tiles. ' 

mess (mes), n. a number of persons 
who sit down to table together, es- 
pecially soldiers or sailors ; a state [j, 
of dirt or confusion : v.i. to eat to- 
gether : v.t. to furnish with food ; 
dirty. 

message ('aj), n. a communication, 
written or verbal, sent from one per- 
son to another ; an official commu- 
nication. 

messenger ('en-jer), n. one who con- 
veys a message ; an office servant 
who carries messages ; a herald or 
harbinger ; an official of the bank- 
ruptcy court. 

Messiah (-I'a), n. Christ the Anoint- 
ed One. Also Messias. 

Messianic (-i-an'ik), adj. pertaining 
to the Messiah. 

messieurs ('yers), n.pl. sirs; messrs. 

messuage ('waj), n. a dwelling house 
with its adjacent buildings and land 
for the use of the household. 

mestee (-te'), n. the offspring of a 
white and a quadroon. 

mestizo (-te'zo), n. [pi. mestizos 
('zoz)], the offspring of a Spaniard 
or Creole and an Indian. Also mes- 
tino. 

met, p.t. & p.p. of meet. 

meta, a prefix meaning between, over^ 
after, duplicate, resembling, change 
from one state to another. 

metabasis (me-tab'a-sis), n. transi- 
tion. 

metabolian (met-a-bo'li-an), n. an 
insect of the sub-class Metabola 
which undergo complete metamor- 
phosis. 

metabolic (-bol'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or undergoing, change or meta- 
morphosis. 

metabolism (-tab'o-lizm), n. the con- 
tinuous process by which living cells 
or tissues undergo chemical change. 

metacarpal (met-a-kar'pal), adj. 
pertaining to the metacarpus. 

metacarpus ('pus), n. that part of 
the hand which is between the wrist 
and the fingers. 

metacenter (-sen'ter), n. that point 
in a floating body on the position of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



met 



525 



met 



which its equilibrium or stability de- 
pends. 

metagenesis (-a-jen'e-sis), n. alter- 
nation of generation. 

metal ('al), n. an elementary sub- 
stance having certain physical char- 
acteristics, as luster, ductility, mal- 
leability, insolubility, is fusible 
by heat, and a conductor of elec- 
tricity ; molten glass ; small stone 
cubes ; effective power or caliber of 
the guns of a warship : pi. the rails 
of a railroad : v.t. to cover with 
metal. 

metallic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, 
consisting of, or like, metal. 

metallic oxide (oks'id), n. a com- 
pound of metal with oxygen. 

metallic salt (sawlt), n. a salt which 
has a metallic oxide as its base. 

metalliferous (-lif'er-us), adj. yield- 
ing metal or metallic ores. 

metallography (-og'ra-fi), n. the 
science of metals ; a treatise on 
metals. 

metalloid (-oid), n. a non-metallic 
elementary body : adj. resembling a 
metal ; non-metallic. 

metallurgic (-er'jik), adj. pertain- 
ing to metallurgy. Also metallur- 
gical. 

metallurgist ('al-er-jist), n. one 
who is skilled in metallurgy. 

metallurgy (-ji), n. the art or proc- 
ess of working metals and of sep- 
arating them from their ores. 

metamorpliic (-a-mor'fik), adj. per- 
taining to, or produced by, meta- 
morphism. 

metamorphism. ('fizm), n. the proc- 
ess by which stratified rocks under 
pressure, heat, chemical action, &c,, 
have changed from their original 
structure, as limestone to marble. 

m.etaxuorpliose ( 'foz ), 1?.:^. to change 
into a different form. 

metamorpliosis ('fo-sis), n. change 
of form, shape, or structure ; trans- 
formation, as of a chrysalis into a 
butterfly. 

metaphor ('a-fer), n. a figure of 
speech by which one word is em- 
ployed for another of which it is 
the image ; a compressed simile. 

metaphoric (-for'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or comprising, a metaphor ; 



not literal ; figurative. Also meta- 
phorical. 

metaphorically (-al-li), adv. in 
metaphors. 

metaphrastic (-fras'tik), adj. close 
or literal in translation. 

metaphysical (-fiz'i-kal), adj. per- 
taining to, or according to the rules 
of, metaphysics ; ontological. 

metaphysically (-li), adv. by the 
rules of metaphysical science. 

metaphysician (-fi-zish'un), n, one 
who is skilled in metaphysics. 

metaphysics (-fiz'iks), n. mental 
philosophy. 

metathesis (-ath'e-sis), n. transposi- 
tion of the letters of a word or syl- 
lable. 

metempirical (-em-pir'i-kal), adj. 
exceeding the limits of experience. 

metempsychosis (-si-ko'sis), n. 
transmigration of the soul after 
death into the body of another man 
or lower animal. 

meteor (me'te-er), n. a transient lu- 
minous body in the sky ; falling or 
shooting star ; anything that daz- 
zles or excites wonder for the mo- 
ment. 

meteoric (-or'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or formed of, or like, a meteor. 

meteorite ('te-er-it), n. a stone or 
metallic body which, in its passage 
through space, has fallen upon the 
earth. 

meteor ography (-er-og'ra-fi), n. the 
registration of meteorological phe- 
nomena. 

meteorologic (-loj'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to the atmosphere, or its phe- 
nomena, or to meteorology. Also 
meteorological. 

meteorologist (-oro-jist), n. one 
who is skilled in meteorology. 

meteorology (-ji), n. the science of 
the atmosphere and its various phe- 
nomena. 

meter (me'ter), n. an instrument for 
registering automatically the amount 
measured by it. 

meter, metre (me'ter), n. a rhyth- 
mic arrangement of syllables in 
verse ; unit of length in the decimal 
system — 39.37 inches. 

meterage (-aj), n. measurement; 
cost of measuring. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



.tit 



met 



526 



mic 



xuetliinks (me-thingks'), v'.i. Ip.t. 
methought], it appears or seems to 
me. 

xaethod (meth'od), n. regular ar- 
rangement of things ; system ; or- 
der ; classification. 

luethodica] ('i-kal), adj. character- 
ized by, or arranged with regard to, 
method ; systematic. Also methodic. 

methodically (-li), adv. in a meth- 
odical manner. 

methodize ('o-diz), v.t. to reduce to 
method ; systematize. 

Methodism ('o-dizm), n. the doc- 
trines and worship of the Metho- 
dists. 

Methodist ('o-dist), n. one of a sect 
of Christians founded by John Wes- 
ley : adj. pertaining to the Metho- 
dists. 

methyl (meth'il), n. the hydro-car^ 
bon radical of methyl alcohol, or 
wood spirit. 

miethylated (-i-la'ted), adj. mixed 
with or containing methyl. 

methylene (-len), n. an inflammable 
liquid obtained from the distillation 
of wood. x\lso methene. 

methylic (-il'ik), adj. derived from, 
or containing, methyl. 

metonymy (me-ton'i-mi), n. a figure 
of speech in which one word is used 
for another related to it. 

metre, see meter. 

metric (met'rik), adj. pertaining to 
the decimal system of weights and 
measures. 

metrical (-al), adj. pertaining to 
meter, measurement, or rhythm. 

metrically (-li), adv. in a metrical 
manner. 

metrograph ('ro-graf), n. an appa- 
ratus for indicating the mileage run 
by a locomotive, and the number 
and time of stoppages at stations, 
&c. 

metrology (-rol'S-ji), n. the science 
of weights and measures. 

metronome ('ro-nom), n. an instru- 
ment which beats musical time by 
means of a short pendulum. 

metronymic (-nim'ik), adj. derived 
from one's mother or female ances- 
tor. 

metropolis (me-trop'6-lis), n. the 



capital or chief city of a kingdom 
or country ; the seat or see of a 
metropolitan. 

metropolitan (-tro-pol'i-tan), adj. 
pertaining to the capital city of a 
kingdom or country, or to an arch- 
bishopric : n. the presiding bishop of m 
a country or province; an arch- 
bishop. 

mettle (met'l), n. constitutional ar- 
dor or spirit ; fortitude. 

mettlesome (-sum), n. high spirited. 

mew (mu) , n. the cry of a cat ; a sea- 
gull : pi. stables for carriage horses : 
v.t. to shed or molt (the feathers) : 
v.i. to cry like a cat. 

mezzanine (met'za-nen), n. a low 
intermediate story between two 
higher ones ; a window in such a 
story. 

mezzotint (-tint), n. a variety of 
copper engraving. Also mezzotinto. 

mica (mi'ka), n. a mineral divisible 
into thin transparent plates. 

micaceous (-ka'shus), adj. pertain- 
ing to, consisting of, or like, mica. 

mice, pi. of mouse. 

mico (mi'ko), n. a small South Amer- 
ican monkey ; a Japanese solid oil 
or butter. 

micro, a prefix meaning small, as 
microcosm, a small universe or com- 
munity. 

microbe (mi'krob), n. a minute mi- 
croscopical organism found in the 
blood of animals, especially those 
suffering from disease ; bacterium. 

microbe (krob'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or caused by, a microbe. Also 
microbial. 

microbicide (-krob'i-sid),w. an agent 
for destroying microbes or bacteria. 

micrococcus (-kro-kok'us), n. [pi. 
micrococci ('si)], a genus of bac- 
teria, a source of fermentation and 
of zymotic disease. 

microcosm, see under micro. 

microcoustic (-kous' or -koos'tik), 
adj. pertaining to, or serving to in- 
crease, indistinct sounds : n. an in- 
strument for the deaf, to augment 
faint sounds. 

microcrith (-krith'), n. the weight 
of an atom of hydrogen. 

microcyte ('kro-sit), n. a minute 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



xnic 



527 



mil 



elementary granule in the blood, es- 
pecially present in disease. 

micrograph, ('kro-graf), n. a kind 
of pantograph for executing very 
minute engraving or writing. 

miicrography (-krog'ra-fi), n. the 
description of microscopic objects. 

microhm ('krom), n. the 1,000,000th 
part of an ohm. 

micrometer (-krom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring minute dis- 
tances, or apparent diameters : 
used with a microscope or telescope. 

micromillimeter (-kro-mil'i-me-ter) , 
n. the 1,000,000,000th part of a me- 
ter. 

microphone ('kro-fon), n. an instru- 
ment for intensifying very minute 
sounds. 

microphotography ( -f o-tog'ra-fi ) , 
n. photographing in miniature. 

microphyte ('kro-fit), n. a micro- 
scopic vegetable growth. 

microscope ('kro-skop), n. an opti- 
cal instrument for magnifying mi- 
nute objects so as to render them 
visible for purposes of investigation. 

microscopic (-skop'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or determined by the- aid of, 
a microscope. Also microscopical. 

microscopically (-al-li), adv. by, 
or as by, a microscope. 

microscopist ('kro-sko-pist), n. one 
skilled in microscopy. 

microscopy ('kro-sko-pi), n. the use 
of the microscope ; microscopic in- 
vestigation. 

microspore ('kro-spor), n. a /very 
minute reproductive spore found in 
the capsules of lycopods. 

microvolt ('kro-volt), n. the 1,000,- 
000th part of a volt. 

microzyme ('kro-zim), n. a minute 
organism occurring in the air and 
found in the human blood, acting 
as a ferment in producing certain 
zymotic diseases. 

mid (mid), adj. middle: prefix, as 
midday : n. a midshipman. 

middle ('1), adj. equally distant from 
the extremes ; mean ; medial : n. the 
point equally distant from the ex- 
tremes ; central part ; the waist. 

Middle Ages (aj'ez), n.pl. the period 
between the 5th and 15th centuries 

A. D. 



middlemost (-most), adj. situated 
in, or nearest, the middle. 

middling Cling), adj. of middle rank, 
size, or quality ; moderate : n.pl. the 
coarser part of flour. 

middy ('di), n. [pi. middies ('diz)], 
a midshipman. 

midge ( mi j ) , w. a gnat. 

midriff ('rif), n. the diaphragm sep- 
arating the cavity of the chest from 
the stomach. 

midshipman ('ship-man), n. [pi. 
midshipmen], in the British navy, a 
junior oificer ranking next above a 
cadet. 

midst^ (midst), n. the middle. 

midivife (mid'wif), n. [pi. midwives 
('wivz)], a woman who assists at 
childbirth : v.t. to . assist in child- 
birth: v.i. to serve as a midwife. 

midwifery ('wif-er-i), n. obstetrics. 

mien (men), n. external appearance; 
air ; look ; carriage. 

might (mit), n. power; strength; 
force : p.t. of may. 

mightily ('i-li), adv. with great 
power or strength ; vehemently ; in a 
great degree. 

mightiness (-nes), n. greatness; 
power ; a title of dignity. 

mighty ('i), adj. [comp. mighti-er, 
superl.mightiest], powerful; strong; 
influential ; momentous ; wonderful ; 
huge : adv. very ; exceedingly. 

mignon ( min-y5ng' ) , adj. pretty ; 
delicate [French]. 

mignonette (min-yun-ef), n. a fra- 
grant annual with greenish flower 
and orange-colored stamens. 

migrant (mi'grunt), adj. migratory. 

migratory ('gra-to-ri), adj. remov- 
ing or passing from one place of 
abode or resort to another ; roving ; 
nomad. 

Mikado (mi-ka'do), n. the Japanese 
emperor, as the spiritual and tem- 
poral head of the empire. 

milch (milch), adj. yielding milk. 

mild (mild), adj. [comp. milder, su- 
perl. mildest], gentle in temper and 
disposition ; gentle ; soft ; placid : 
moderate ; not sharp, sour, or bit- 
ter ; lenitive. 

mildeiv (mil'dii), n. a disease of 
plants produced by small fungi : 
spots of mold on cloth, &c., caused 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, tliQn. 



mil 



528 



mil 



by damp : v.t. to taint with mildew : 
v.i. be affected with mildew. 

mile (mil), n. a measure of length 
varying in different countries : the 
English statute mile, in use in this 
country, contains 1,760 yds., the 
geographical or nautical mile l-60th 
of a degree of latitude or 2,025 yds. 
(nearly). 

mileage ('aj), n. an allowance for 
expenses per mile ; length in miles. 

3uilfoil (mil'foil), n. a composite 
plant with finely divided leaves. 

militancy ('i-tan-si), n. warfare; 
militarism. 

militant ('i-tant), adj. warlike; 
fighting ; serving as a soldier. 

militarism ('i-ta-rizm), n. military 
spirit, policy, or government. 

military ('i-ta-ri), adj. pertaining to 
soldiers or to arms ; warlike ; mar- 
tial : n. soldiers collectively ; army ; 
troops. 

militate ('i-tat), v.i. to be, or stand, 
opposed ; operate against (with 
against). 

militia (mi-lish'a), n. citizens en- 
rolled and trained for the internal 
defense of a state. 

anilk (milk), n. a white fluid secreted 
by the mammary glands of female 
mammals for the nourishment of 
their young, especially the milk of 
the cow ; the white juice of certain 
plants : v.t. to draw milk from ; sup- 
ply with milk. 

milksop ('sop), n. an effeminate, 
weak person. 

milk-tootk (-tooth), n. the fore- 
tooth of a foal ; one of the tempo- 
rary first set of teeth in the young 
of mammals. 

Milky Way ('i wa), ^. a broad lumi- 
nous band in the heavens, from 
horizon to horizon, consisting of in- 
numerable stars. 

mill (mil), n. a machine for grinding 
and reducing a substance to small 
particles ; a manufactory ; a prize 
fight ; a money of account = 1- 
1,000th of a. dollar: v.t. to reduce 
to fine particles in a mill ; press or 
stamp, as the edges of coins; full 
(cloth); roll into bars, as metal; 
thrash. 



millboard ('bord), n. a kind of thick 
pasteboard. 

millennial (mil-len'ni-al), adj. of or 
pertaining to the millennium. 

millennium ('i-um), n. the space of 
1,000 years, especially that period 
during which Satan will be bound 
and Christ will reign on earth (Rev. 
XX. 1-4). 

milleped (mil'e-ped), n. an insect 
with numerous feet, belonging to 
the genus Julus. Also millepede. 

millepore ('e-por), n. sl coral of the 
genus Millepora, having a smooth 
surface, perforated with very small 
pores. 

miller ('er), n. one who keeps or 
works a flour mill. 

millet ('et), n. a grain-bearing plant. 

milli, a prefix meaning 1,000th part 
of, as miZZtampere, the 1,000th part 
of an ampere. 

milliard ('i-ard, or me-lyar'), n. one 
thousand millions. 

millier (me-lya'), n. in the metric 
system, a ton — 1,000,000 grams. 

milligram (mil'i-gram), n. the 
1,000th part of a gram = .0154 
grain- English. Also milligramme. 

milliliter ('i-li-ter), n. the 1,000th 
part of a liter = .06102 cubic in. 

millinxeter ('li-me-ter),w. the 1,000th 
part of a meter = .03937 in. 

milliner ('in-er), n. one who makes 
women's bonnets, hats, headdresses, 
&c. 

millinery ('li-ner-i), n. the articles 
made and sold by a milliner. 

milling ('ing), n. the act of grind- 
ing in, or passing through, a dress- 
ing mill ; the process of making a 
serrated edge on a coin, &c. 

million ('yun), n. the number of ten 
hundred thousand ; an indefinitely 
large number. 

millionaire (-ar'), n. a person who 
is worth a million ; one very rich. 

millionth ('yunth), adj. being one 
of a million : n.one of 1,000,000 parts. 

millpond ('pond), n. a reservoir of 
water for driving a mill. 

millrace ('ras), n. a current of water 
that drives a mill. 

millstone ('ston), n. one of two flat 
cylindrical stones for grinding grain. 

milt (milt), n. the spleen; the sper- 



ate, arm, ask, 



at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not: 
book •- hue, hut ; think, then. 



boon. 



529 



min 



matic organ of a male fish : v.t. to im- 
pregnate the ova of (a female fish). 

mime (mim), n. a kind of drama 
among the Greeks and Romans in 
which real persons and events were 
represented in a ludicrous manner ; 
an actor in a mime. 

mimetic (ml-met'ik), adj. imitative. 
Also mimetical. 

mimetism (mim'e-tizm), n. mimicry. 

mimic ('ik), adj. inclined to imi- 
tate ; imitative : n. one who mimics 
or imitates : v.t. to imitate, or ridi- 
cule by imitation. 

mimicker (-er), n. a mimic. 

m.im.icry (-ri), n. ludicrous imitation 
for sport or ridicule ; close external 
likeness. 

minaret (min'a-ret), n. a tall slen- 
der turret attached to a mosque 
surrounded with several balconies' 
from which the muezzin calls the 
people to prayers. 

minatory Ca-to-ri), adj. threatening. 

mince (mins), v.t. to cut or chop 
into minute pieces ; extenuate or 
suppress : v.i. to talk with affected 
elegance ; walk with short steps or 
in a prim manner. 

miince-meat ('met), n. meat chopped 
very fine, especially with suet, rai- 
sins, lemon peel, &c. 

mincing ('ing), adj. affectedly ele- 
gant. 

mind (mind), n. the intellectual or 
rational faculty in man ; the under- 
standing or intellect ; soul ; mem- 
ory ; intention ; opinion : v.t. to at- 
tend to ; heed ; obey. 

minded ('ed), p.adj. liaving a mind; 
disposed or inclined. 

mindful ('fool), adj. bearing in 
mind ; observant ; attentive. 

mine (min), pron. belonging to me: 
n. an excavation in the earth from 
which minerals, precious stones, &c., 
are extracted ; crude ironstone ; a 
tunnel under an enemy's works to 
blow them up ; a rich source of 
wealth : v.i. to carry on mining 
operations ; practice secret methods : 
v.t. to undermine or sap. 

mineral (min'er-al), n. any inor- 
ganic body found on the surface or 
in the earth : adj. pertaining to, con- 



sisting of, or impregnated with, a 
mineral. 

mineralize (-iz), v.t. to convert into 
a mineral ; impregnate with mineral 
matter : v.i. to make excursions to 
collect minerals. 

mineralogist (-al'o-jist), n. one 
skilled in the knowledge of minerals. 

mineralogy (-al'o-ji), n. the science 
of minerals. 

mingle (ming'gl), v.t. to intermix; 
join or combine ; blend ; compound : 
v.i. to be mixed or united with. 

miniature (min'i-a-ttir), n. a very 
small painting, especially a portrait 
on ivory, &c. : adj. done on a very 
small scale ; diminutive ; minute. 

minim ('im), n. the smallest liquid 
measure ; a single drop ; a musical 
note = 2 crotchets ; one of an order 
of mendicant friars founded by St. 
Francis of Paola, 15th century ; a 
small fish. 

minimize (-iz), v.t. to reduce to a 
minimum. 

minimum ('i-mum), n. [pi. minima 
-ma)], the least quantity; trifle. 

xaining (min'ing), p.adj. pertaining 
to mines ; burrowing in the earth : 
n. the act of making mines or work- 
ing them. 

minion (min'yun), n. a size of type 
intermediate between nonpareil and 
brevier (see type) ; a servile flat- 
terer or dependent. 

minister ('is-ter), n. a servant; one 
subordinate to another ; agent ; one 
intrusted with the direction of af- 
fairs of state ; ambassador ; a cler- 
gyman or pastor of a church author- 
ized to preach and administer the 
sacraments : v.t. to supply ; admin- 
ister : v.i. to serve in some office, 
clerical or lay ; supply things neces- 
sary. 

ministerial (-te'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to ministry or service, official 
or clerical ; pertaining to a minis- 
ter of the state or_of religion. 

ministerialist (-te'ri-al-ist), n. a 
supporter of the ministry in office. 

ministerially (-li), adv. in a mkiis- 
terial manner. 

ministrant ('is-trant), adj. serving 
as a minister. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note;, north, not ; boonj 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



min 



530 



mis 



ministration (-tra'shun), n. the act 
of ministering ; administration ; 
service. 

ministry ('is-tri), n. [pi. ministries 
(-triz)], the agency or service of a 
ininister of religion ; the office, du- 
ties, or functions of a minister of 
state ; ministers of state collective- 
ly ; term of ministerial office. 

minium ('i-um), n. red oxide of lead. 

miniver ('i-ver), n. the Siberian 
squirrel or its fur. Also minever. 

mink (mingk), n. a carnivorous mam- 
mal allied to the weasel, yielding a 
valuable fur. 

minnoiv (min'o), n. a fresh-water 
fish of small size. 

minor (mi'ner), adj. smaller; less; 
inconsiderable ; less by a semitone 
[Music] : n. one of either sex who 
is under the age of 21 ; in logic, the 
term or premise containing the sub- 
ject of the conclusion. 

minority (mi-nor'i-ti), n. [pi. mi- 
norities (-tiz)], the smallest num- 
ber : opposed to majority ; the state 
of being a minor. 

miinotaur (min'o-tawr), n. in classic 
mythology, a monster with the head 
of a bull and the body of a man. 

minster ('ster), n. the church of a 
monastery ; a cathedral church. 

minstrel ('strel), n. in medieval 
times, one of an order of men who 
traveled from place to place singing 
their musical compositions to the 
accompaniment of a harp ; a poet or 
musician. 

minstrelsy (-si), n. the art or occu- 
. pation of minstrels ; minstrels col- 
lectively ; a collection of ballad 
poetry. 

mint (mint), n. the place where 
money is coined by government au- 
thority ; source of unlimited supply ; 
place of invention or fabrication ; an 
odoriferous plant yielding a pungent 
essential oil : v.t. to coin or stamp 
^( money) ; invent. 

mintage ('aj), n. coin, &c., produced 
in a mint; duty paid to the mint 
for coining gold or silver. 

mint julep (ju'lep), n. a drink com- 
pounded of brandy, sugar, and 
pounded ice, flavored with mint. 



minuend (min'u-end), n. that num- 
ber from which another number is 
to be subtracted. 

minuet ('u-et), n. a slow graceful 
dance ; music for such a dance. 

minus (mi'nus), n. the sign ( — ) of 
subtraction. 

minute (-nut'), adj. very small; pre- 
cise: n. (min'it) l-60th part of an 
hour or of a degree ; an official 
note ; memorandum. 

minutely (mi-nut'li), adv. in a mi- 
nute manner ; exactly. 

minuteness ('nes), n. the quality of 
being^ minute ; exactness. 

minutiae (mi-nu'shi-e), n.pl. smaller 
or minor details or particulars. 

minx (mingks), n. a pert, wanton 
girl. 

Miocene (mi'o-sen), adj. pertaining 
to the middle division of the Ter- 
tiary formation. 

miracle (mir'a-kl), n. a supernatural 
occurrence or act ; wonder or mar- 
vel. 

miraculous (mi-rak'ti-lus), adj. per- 
formed supernaturally ; wonderful. 

mirage (mi-riizh'), n. an optical at- 
mospheric illusion by which the im- 
age of a distant object is seen as if 
inverted. 

mire ( mir ) , n. deep mud ; wet clayey 
earth : v.t. to soil with mire ; plunge 
and fix in mud : v.i. to sink in mud. 

miriness ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
ing miry. 

mirror (mir'er), n. a looking-glass; 
speculum ; pattern : v.t. to reflect as 
in a mirror. 

mirth (merth), n. noisy gaiety; so- 
cial merriment ; hilarity ; jollity. 

mirthful ('fool), adj. merry; fes- 
tive. 

mirthfully (-li), adv. in a mirthful 
manner. 

miry ('ri), adj. abounding in, or cov- 
ered with, mire. 

mirza (mer'za), n. a Persian title 
equivalent to prince. 

mis, prefix meaning wrong, wrongly, 
ill, error, divergence. 

misadventure (mis-ad-ven'tiir), n. 
an unlucky accident ; misfortune. 

misalliance (-a-ll'ans), n. an im- 
proper alliance by marriage, espe- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon^ 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



mis 



-31 



mis 



cially with one of lower social 
status ; see also mesalliance. 

3uisantlirope ('an-throp), n. a hater 
of mankind. 

misanthropic (-throp'ik), adj. hat- 
ing mankind. Also misanthropical. 

misanthropy ('thro-pi), n. hatred of 
mankind. 

misapprehend (-ap-re-hend'), v.t. to 
misunderstand ; misconceive. 

snisappropriate (-pro'pri-at), v.t. 
to apply to a wrong use or purpose, 
as trust-money, &c. 

miscarriage (-kar'aj), n. failure; 
misbehavior ; premature parturition. 

miscarry (-kar'i), vA. [p.t. & p.p. 
miscarried, p.pr. miscarrying], to 
go wrong ; be unsuccessful ; bring 
forth young prematurely. 

miscellanea (-e-la'ne-a), n.pl. a col- 
lection of miscellaneous matters, or 
things. 

miscellaneous ('ne-us), adj. con- 
sisting of several kinds mixed to- 
gether ; promiscuous. 

miscellany ('e-la-ni), n. [pi. miscel- 
lanies (-niz)], a mixture of various 
kinds ; a book containing a variety 
of literary compositions. 

mischance (-Chans'), n. misfortune; 
mishap. 

mischief ('chif), n. harm; injury; 
hurt ; damage ; misfortune. 

mischievous ('chi-vus), adj. produc- 
ing injury or damage ; hurtful ; in- 
clined to mischief. 

miscible ('i-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing mixed. 

misconceive (-kon-sev'), v.t. to con- 
ceive wrongly; misjudge; misappre- 
hend. 

misconception (-sep'shun), n. false 
opinion ; misapprehension. 

miscreant ('kre-ant), n. an unscru- 
pulous villain ; vile wretch : adj. un- 
scrupulous. 

misdemean (-de-men'), v.t. to be- 
have (one's self) ill. 

misdemeanant (-de-men'ant), n. 
one guilty of a misdemeanor. 

misdemeanor ('er), n. evil conduct; 
a crime less than a felony. 

miser (mi'zer), n. a covetous man 
who denies himself the comforts of 
life to hoard up money. 

miserable (miz'er-a-bl), adj. wretch- 



ed ; very unhappy ; worthless ; des- 
picable ; very mean or poor. 

miserably (-bli), adv. in a miserable 
manner. 

misery ('er-i), n. extreme pain, dis- 
tress, or misfortune ; great unhap- 
piness. 

misfeasance (-fe'zans), n. legal 
trespass ; wrong performance. 

mislay (mis-la'), v.t. to lose. 

misle, another form of mizzle. 

misly (miz'li), adj. raining in mi- 
nute drops. 

misogynist (mi-soj'i-nist), n. a wom- 
an-hater. 

misogyny ('i-ni), n. hatred of wom- 
en. 

misplace (-plas'), v.t. to put in a 
wrong place ; place on an improper 
or undeserving object. 

misprision (-prizh'un), n. in law, a 
high offense under the degree of a 
capital one, but bordering upon it. 

misprision of felony (fel'o-ni), n, 
concealment of a felony by one who 
is cognizant thereof, but without 
consenting to it. 

misrepresent (-rep-re-zent')> 'W.*. to 
represent falsely or incorrectly, wil- 
•fully, or through carelessness. 

Miss (mis), n. [pi. misses ('ez)], a 
title of address prefixed to the name 
of an unmarried lady. 

miss, n. a young unmarried girl or 
woman ; failure to hit, reach, per- 
ceive, or obtain : v.t. to fail to hit, 
&c. ; omit or pass by ; do without ; 
feel the want of : v.i. to fail to hit ; 
fly wide of the mark. 

missal ('al), n. the book containing 
the order of service for the Roman 
Catholic Mass. 

missel (miz'l), n. the mistlethrush. 

missile (mis'il), n. a weapon or 
thing thrown, or designed to be 
thrown, to injure another. 

missing ('ing), p.adj. lost; wanting. 

mission (mish'un), n. the act of 
sending, or state of being sent with 
certain powers, especially to propa- 
gate religion ; embassy ; delegation ; 
commission ; a series of special re- 
ligious services. 

missionary (-a-ri), n. [pi. mission- 
aries (-riz)], a person who is sent 
to propagate religion, especially in 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



mis 



532 



foreign parts : adj. pertaining to 
missions or missionaries. 

xnissioner (-er), n. a missionary ; one 
who has charge of, or conducts, a 
mission. 

missive ('iv), n. a letter or message: 
adj. sent specially. 

mist (mist), n. visible watery va- 
por in the atmosphere, at or near 
the earth's surface ; fog ; anything 
that dims or obscures the vision : 
v.t. to cover with, or as with, mist : 
v.i. to rain in minute drops. 

mistakable (mis-tak'a-bl), adj. lia- 
ble to be mistaken. 

mistake (-tak'), v.t. [p.t. mistook, 
p.p. mistaken, p.pr. mistaking], to 
misunderstand ; misconceive ; mis- 
judge : v.i. to err in judgment or 
opinion : n. an error in judgment ; 
misconception ; fault. 

Mister ('ter), n. a title of address 
prefixed to a man's name : abbre- 
viated in writing Mr. 

mistily ('ti-li), adv. obscurely; dark- 
ly- 

mistiness (-nes), n. the state of be- 
ing misty ; obscurity ; dimness. 

mistletoe (miz'l-to), n. an evergreen 
plant parasitic on apple trees, &c., 
and less commonly on the oak. 

mistress (mis'tres), n. a woman who 
exercises authority or governs ; the 
female head of a family, school, &c. ; 
a woman well skilled in anything ; 
a woman courted and beloved ; 
sweetheart ; a kept woman. 

Mistress (mis'tres), n. a title of ad- 
dress prefixed to the name of a 
married woman; abbreviated Mrs. 
(mis'is). 

misty ('ti), adj. \_comp. mistier, 
superl. mistiest], characterized by, 
or obscured with, mist ; dim ; ob- 
scure"; clouded. 

misunderstand (-un-der-stand'), v.t. 
to^ take in a wrong sense ; miscon- 
ceive. 

misunderstanding ('ing), n. mis- 
conception ; disagreement. 

mite (mit), n. a minute insect of 
the division Acarida; a small coin 
formerly current; a very small ob- 
ject or quantity, 

miter, mitre (mi'ter), n. the head- 
dress of the high priest of the Jews ; 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl 



a kind of crown cleft in the middle, 
worn by archbishops, bishops, and 
sometimes by abbots on special oc- 
casions ; the dignity of a bishop ; the 
junction of moldings at an angle of 
45° : v.t. to adorn with a miter ; 
join at 45°. 

mitigate (mit'i-gat), v.t. to render 
less severe or rigorous or painful ; 
soften ; alleviate. 

mitigation (-ga'shun), n. the act of 
mitigating ; alleviation. 

mitigative (mit'i-ga-tiv), adj. allevi- 
ating. 

mitigator (-ter), n. one who, or that 
which, mitigates. 

mitigatory (mit'i-ga-to-ri), adj. 
tending to mitigate. 

mitrailleuse (me-tra-lyez'), n. a 
breech-loading gun formed of many 
barrels fitted together, and capable 
of being fired simultaneously. 

mitral (mi'tral), adj. pertaining to, 
or shaped like, a miter. 

mitriform ('tri-form), adj. shaped 
like a miter ; conical. 

mitten ('n), n. a fingerless winter 
glove ; a fingerless cover for the 
hand or wrist. 

mittimus (mit'i-musj, (Latin we 
send), n. a warrant of commitment 
to prison ; a writ transferring a rec- 
ord out of one court to another. 

mix (miks), v.t. to unite or blend 
into one mass or compound ; join : 
v.i. to become united in a com- 
pound ; associate ; mingle. 

mixture ('tur), n. the state of being 
mixed ; a compound or mass formed 
by mixing, especially one in which 
the particles of each ingredient re- 
tain their property. 

mizzen (miz'n), n. the hindmost of 
the fore- and aft-sails of a vessel. 

mizzle ('1), v.i. to rain in very mi- 
nute drops ; to take one's self off : n. 
fine rain. 

mizzly ('li), adj. drizzling; misty. 

mnemonic (ne-mon'ik), adj. assist- 
ing the memory. 

mnemonics ('iks)., n.pl. the art or 
science of assisting the memory. 

moan (mon), v.i. to utter a low 
sound from, or as from, pain or 
sorrow : n. a low prolonged expres- 
sion of sorrow or pain. 



me, merge, met; mite, mit; 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



note, north, not; b55n, 



533 



mog 



suoat (mot), n. a ditch round a for- 
tress, &c. : v.t. to surround with a 
moat. 

mob (mob), n. the populace; a rude 
disorderly crowd ; riotous assembly ; 
rabble : v.t. to attack in a disorderly 
crowd ; crowd about and annoy. 

mobcap ('kap), n. sl woman's plain 
headdress or cap. 

mobile (mo'bil), adj. easily moved. 

mobility (-bil'i-ti), n. susceptibility 
of motion. 

miobilization (-i-za'shun), n. the act 
of mobilizing. 

mobilize (-Iz), v.t. to call (troops) 
into active service. 

mobocracy (mob-ok'ra-si), n. the 
rule, or ascendency, of the mob. 

moccasin (mok'a-sin), n. a deerskin 
sandal or shoe worn by the North 
American Indians ; a poisonous 
American snake. 

mocba (mo'ka), n. a kind of coffee 
from Mocha, a seaport of Arabia. 

mock (mok), v.t. to ridicule; mimic 
in sport, contempt, or derision ; de- 
ride ; disappoint the hopes of ; tan- 
talize : n. derision ; ridicule : adj. 
false ; counterfeit. 

mockery ( 'er-i ) , n. derision ; ridi- 
cule ; delusion ; imitation. 

mocking ('ing) , p. adj. derisive ; mim- 
icking. 

mocking bird (herd), n. an Ameri- 
can thrush noted for mimicry of the 
notes of other birds. 

modal (mo'dal), adj. pertaining to 
mode or form ; indicating some 
mode of expression. 

modality (-dal'i-ti), n. the fact of 
being a mode ; in law, the quality of 
being suspended by a condition. 

mode (mod), n. form; custom; 
fashion ; manner ; variety of a syllo- 
gism. 

model (mod'el), n. a pattern of some- 
thing to be made, or reproduced ; ex- 
ample for imitation ; standard copy : 
a person who poses as a subject for 
a painter or sculptor : adj. serving 
as a pattern or model : v.t. to form 
after a model, especially in some 
plastic material : v.i. to practice 
modeling. 

modeler (-er), n. one who models. 

modeling (-ing), n. the act or art 



of making a model, especially of a 
work of art in some plastic material. 

moderate (mod'er-at), v.t. to keep 
within bounds ; lessen ; qualify : v.i. 
to become less violent or intense ; 
preside as a moderator : adj. kept 
within bounds ; not extreme or ex- 
cessive ; restrained ; frugal ; calm ; 
reasonable ; mild. 

moderately (-li), adv. in a moderate 
manner. 

moderation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
moderating ; the state of being mod- 
erate ; freedom from excess ; equa- 
nimity. 

moderator (mod'er-a-ter), n. one 
who, or that which, moderates or re- 
strains ; the presiding officer in a 
church meeting. 

modern ('ern), adj. pertaining to the 
present time ; recent : n.pl. people of 
modern times. 

modernize (-iz), v.t. to render mod- 
ern in usage or taste. 

modest ('est), adj. restrained by a 
due sense of propriety ; diffident ; 
decent ; chaste. 

modesty ('es-ti), n. the quality or 
state of being modest ; propriety of 
behavior or manner ; chastity ; dif- 
fidence ; moderation. 

modicum ('i-kum), n. a little. 

modification (-i-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
act of modifying ; the state of being 
modified ; slight change in form. 

modify ('i-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. modi- 
fied, p.pr. modifying], to change 
slightly in form ; vary ; qualify ; re- 
duce. 

modiste (mo-dest')> w. a fashionable 
dressmaker. 

modulate (mod'u-lat), v.t. to vary 
the sound of ; change the key or 
mode of : v.i. to pass from one musi- 
cal key to another. 

modulation (-la'shun), n. the act 
of modulating ; the state of being 
modulated. 

suodulator ('ii-la-ter), n. one who, 
or that which, modulates ; in the 
tonic sol-fa system, a chart to in- 
dicate its modulations. 

Mogul (mo-gul'), adj. pertaining to 
the Mongolians : n. a person of the 
Mongolian race. The Emperor of 
Delhi is called the Great Mogul. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



inoli 



534 



mohair ('har), n. a fabric made from 
the hair of the Angora goat ; an im- 
itation of such a fabric. 

Mohammedan (-ham'e-dan), adj. 
pertaining to Mohammed, or to Mo- 
hammedanism : n. an adherent of 
Mohammedanism. Also Mahometan, 
Mahomedan, Mussulman, Moslem. 

Mohammedanism (-izm), n. the re- 
ligion, doctrines, or institutions 
founded by Mohammed. 

moiety (moi'e-ti), w. one of two equal 
parts or shares ; half. 

moil (moil), v.i. to toil; drudge. 

moire (mwar), n. watered silk. 

moire-antique (an-tek'), n. a supe- 
rior variety of watered silk. 

moist (moist), adj. containing water 
or other liquid ; humid ; damp. 

moisten (mois'n), v.t. to make moist. 

moisture (moist'ur), n. a moderate 
degree of dampness ; slight wetness. 

moke (mok), n, a donkey. 

molar (mo'ler), n. a double tooth or 
grinder : adj. used for, and capable 
of, grinding. 

molasses (-las'ez), n. treacle. 

mold, mould (mold), n. a fine soft 
soil, rich in decayed matter ; sub- 
stance of which anything is com- 
posed ; a minute fungoid growth of 
decaying animal or vegetable mat- 
ter ; the matrix in which anything 
is cast or shaped ; cliaracter : v.t. 
cover with mold ; cause to become 
moldy ; fashion in, or as in, a mold : 
v.i. to become moldy. 

molder, moulder ('er), v.t. to turn 
into dust by natural decay : v.i. to 
crumble to mold ; waste away by 
degrees : n. one who molds. 

moldiness, mouldiness ('i-nes), n. 
the state of being moldy. 

molding, moulding ('ing), n. the 
act of molding ; anything made in 
or by a mold ; ornamental strip : 
used on a wall, picture frame, &c. 

moldy, mouldy ('i), adj. covered 
with or having mold. 

mole (mol), n. a dark-colored mark 
or small protuberance on the skin ; 
a small soft-furred burrowing ani- 
mal with small eyes of the genus 
Talpa -, a pier or breakwater. 

molecular (mo-lek'ti-lar), adj. per- 



taining to, consisting of, produced 
by, or existing between, molecules. 

molecularity (-lek-u-lar'i-ti), n, 
molecular state. 

molecule (mol'e-kul), n. the smallest 
quantity of an element or compound 
which can exist separately. 

moleskin (mol'skin), n. a twilled 
fustian cloth with a soft surface 
resembling a mole's fur. 

molest (mo-lesf), v.t. to annoy, or 
interfere with ; trouble ; vex. 

molestation (mol-es-ta'shun), n. the 
act of molesting ; interference ; an- 
noyance. 

mollifier ('i-fi-er), n. one who molli- 
fies. 

mollify ('i-fi), 'C.t. [f.t. & p.p. molli- 
fied, p.pr. mollifying], to calm; 
soften ; assuage. 

mollusk ('usk), n. one of the Mol- 
lusca. 

Mollusca (mo-lus'ka), n.pl. a divis- 
ion of the Invertebrata comprising 
animals with a soft fleshy body, and 
covered more or less with a calca- 
reous shell, as the snail, &c. 

molluscan ('kan), adj. pertaining to 
the Mollusca. Also molluscous. 

Moloch (mo'lok), n. the fire-god of 
the ancient Phoenicians and Ammo- 
nites to whom human sacrifices were 
offered. Also Molech. 

molt, moult (molt), v.i. to cast the 
feathers, hair, skin, &c. 

molten (molt'en), adj. melted; made 
of melted metal. 

molybdenum (mol-ib-de'num), n. a 
rare metallic element. 

moment (mo'ment), n. the smallest 
possible portion of time ; an instant ; 
importance ; value ; the product of 
a force and the perpendicular of its 
line of action from the point on 
which it acts. 

momentarily (-ta-ri-li), adv. for a 
moment ; from moment to moment, 

momentary ('men-ta-ri), adj. last- 
ing only for, or done in, a moment. 

momentous (-men'tus), adj. very 
important. 

momentum (-men'tum), n. impetus; 
the product of the mass by the ve- 
locity of a moving body. 

monachism (mon'a-kizm), n. mo- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nDrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



535 



nastic life or system. Also monas- 
ticisrn. 

monad ('ad), n. an ultimate atom; a 
simple primary constituent of mat- 
ter ; one of the smallest flagellate 
Infusoria ; an elementary organism 
or cell ; a univalent atom or radical. 

xaonarcli ('ark), n. a supreme ruler; 
sovereign ; the chief of its class or 
kind : adj. supreme. 

znonarcliic (-ar'kik), adj. pertain- 
ing to a monarch or to monarchy ; 
vested in a monarch. Also monar- 
chical. 

xuonarcliisxu ('ar-kizm), n. the prin- 
ciples of monarchy ; preference for 
monarchy. 

monarcliist (-ist), n. an advocate 
for, or supporter of, monarchy. 

monarcliy ('ark-i), n. [pi. monarch- 
ies (-iz)], government in which the 
supreme power, either absolute or 
limited, is vested in a monarch, 
kingdom, or empire. 

xuonasterial (-as-te'ri-al), adj. per- 
taining to a monastery, or to mo- 
nastic life. 

monastery ('as-ter-i), n. [pi. mon- 
asteries (-iz)], a home for religious 
retirement for men. 

monastic (mo-nas'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to monasteries, monks, their 
rules, &c. Also monastical. 

monastically (-al-li), adv. in a 
monastic manner. 

monasticism ('ti-sizm), n. monach- 
ism. 

mondaine (mon-dan'), n. a woman 
of fashion. 

Monday (mun'da), n. the second day 
of the week. 

monetary (mun'e-ta-ri), adj. per- 
taining to money. 

monetary unit (u'nit), n. the stand- 
ard of the currency of a nation, as 
the pound in England, or the dol- 
lar in the United States. 

monetization ( -e-ti-za'shun ) , n. the 
act of monetizing. 

monetize ('e-tiz), v.t. to convert in- 
to money ; give a standard or cur- 
rent value to. 

money ('i), n. [pi. moneys ('iz)], 
coin ; specie ; gold, silver, or other 
metal stamped by legal authority 



and used as currency ; any currency 
used as money ; wealth. 

moneyed ('id), adj. possessed of 
money ; wealthy. 

monger (mung'ger), n. a dealer. 

Mongol (mong'gol), adj. pertaining 
to Mongolia, or to its inhabitants, 
or to one of the great divisions of 
mankind, of which the Mongols and 
Chinese are the type : n. a member 
of the Mongol race. Also Mongo- 
lian. 

mongoose, another form of mun- 
goose. 

mongrel "(mung'grel), adj. of a 
mixed breed or kind : n. anything 
of mixed breed or kind, as a dog, 
&c. 

monism (mon'izm), n. the doctrine of 
the unity of substance ; the identity 
of matter and mind. 

monist ('ist), n. a supporter or ad- 
vocate of monism. 

monistic (mo-nis'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to monism. 

monition (mo-nish'un), n. admoni- 
tion ; warning ; notice. 

monitive (mon'i-tiv), adj. admoni- 
tory. 

monitor ('i-ter), n. one who warns 
or admonishes ; a senior pupil se- 
lected to. instruct the younger schol- 
ars ; heavily-armed turreted iron- 
clad ; a genus of large lizards. 

monitorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or performed by, a monitor. 

monitorially (-li), adv. in a monito- 
rial manner. 

monitory ('i-to-ri), adj. giving moni- 
tion. 

moni tress ('i-tres), n. a female mon- 
itor. 

monk (mungk), n. a man who de- 
votes himself exclusively to a reli- 
gious life and lives in community 
with others similarly bound by vows 
to chastity, obedience, and poverty. 

monkey ('i), n. [pi. monkeys ('iz)], 
a quadrumanous mammal, of the 
species Simiidse ; a name for va- 
rious mechanical contrivances ; a 
name of contempt, especially for 
one of mischievous propensities. 

monkey-boat (-bot), n. a small 
dock-boat. 



ate, arm, ash, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



536 



monkey-jacket (-jak'et), n. a short 
closely fitting thick jacket. 

mGnkhood ('hood), n. the character 
or condition of a monk; monks col- 
lectively. 

monkshood ('s-hood), n. aconite. 

mono, a prefix meaning one, single, 
alone. Also mon, as monobasic : 
adj. having only a single atom or 
equivalent of base, wonocle, an eye- 
glass for one eye. 

monocular (mo-nok'u-lar), adj. 
adapted for use for one eye; with 
one eye only. 

anonody (mon'o-di), n. a plaintive 
poem or song for one voice. 

monogamy (mo-nog'a-mi), n. mar- 
riage of one wife only; marrying 
only once ; pairing with a single 
mate, as the dove. 

monogenesis (mon-o-gen'e-sis), n. 
a sexual reproduction from a single 
cell. 

monogram, ('o-gram), n. a cipher or 
character formed by the interweav- 
ing of two or more letters. 

monograpk ('6-graf), n. a paper or 
treatise written on one particular 
subject or some b.ranch of it. 

xaonolith ('o-lith), n. a pillar or col- 
umn formed of a single stone. 

monologue ('o-log), n. a dramatic 
scene in which one-, person only 
speaks ; soliloquy. 

monomania (-ma'ni-a), n. mental 
derangement in regard to one sub- 
ject only. 

monomaniac (-ma'ni-ak), adj. per- 
taining to, or affected with, mono- 
mania: n. one affected with mono- 
mania. 

monometallism (-met'al-izm), n. 
the legalized use of one metal only 
as currency. 

monoplane (mon'-6-plan), n. an 
aeroplane supported by a single 
plane or sustaining surface, as con- 
trasted with the biplane, q. v. 

m.onopolist (mo-uop'o-list), n. one 
who has a monopoly, or monopolizes. 

monopolize ('o-liz), v.t. to acquire 
the possession of so as to be the only 
seller ; to engross the whole of. 

monotkeism (mon'o-the-izm), n. the 
doctrine of, or belief in, the ex- 
istence of one God. 



monotone (mon'o-ton), n. recitation 
on a single note or key : v.t. to re- 
cite (as prayers) on a single note. 

monotonous (mo-not'o-nus), adj. 
continued in the same unvarying 
tone ; wearisome. 

monotony ('o-ni), n. dull uniform- 
ity of tone ; unvarying or irksome 
sameness. 

monoxide (-noks'id), n. an oxide 
having one atom of oxygen in each 
molecule. 

laonseigneur (mong-sa-nyer'), n. 
[pi. messeigneurs (ma-sa-nyer') ], 
formerly a title in France given to 
persons of high birth or rank, espe- 
cially to the dauphin; a title of 
French bishops. 

monsieur (mo-sye'), n. [pi. mes- 
sieurs (me-sye')], a French title of 
courtesy, equivalent to Sir or Mr, ; 
formerly the title of the eldest 
brother of the King of France. 

monsignore (mon-se-nyo'ra), n. [pi. 
monsignori ('re)], an ecclesiastical 
title conferred by the Pope on prel- 
ates of the papal household, equiva- 
lent to Lord. 

monsoon (-soon'), n. a periodical 
wind in the Indian Ocean blowing 
from the southwest from April to 
October, and from the southwest 
during the other part of the year. 

monster ('ster), n. anything out of 
the usual course of nature ; prodigy ; 
something greatly deformed ; a per- 
son remarkable for extreme wicked- 
ness, cruelty, &c. : adj. of unusual 
size. 

monstrosity (-stros'i-ti), n. [pi. 
monstrosities (-tiz)], the state or 
quality of being monstrous ; an un- 
natural production. 

monstrous ('strus), adj. out of the 
common course of nature ; wonder- 
ful ; huge ; horrible ; enormous. 

monte (mon'ta), n. a gambling game 
played with dice or cards by the 
Spaniards. 

month (munth), n. one of the twelve 
divisions of the year, either calen- 
dar or lunar. 

monthly ('li), adj. continued, per- 
formed, or happening, in a month : 
adv. once each month : n. a maga- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



mon 



537 



zine or periodical published each 
month. 

moxLument (mon'u-ment), n. any- 
thing that perpetuates the memory 
of a person or event. 

monumental ('al), adj. pertaining 
to, or serving as, a monument ; last- 
ing. 

monumentally (-li), adv. by way of 
a monument or memorial. 

moo (moo), v.i. to make the noise of 
a C0V7 ; lov^ : n. the lowing of a cow. 

mood (mood), n. style; manner; 
temper of mind ; variation in the 
form of a verb to express the man- 
ner of action or being ; in logic, the 
form of a syllogism with regard to 
the quantity and quality of the three 
propositions by which it is formed ; 
in music, the same as mode. 

moodily ('i-li), adv. in a moody man- 
ner. 

moodiness (-nes), n. moody disposi- 
tion. 

moody ('i), adj. [comp. moodier, 
swperZ. moodiest], abstracted and pen- 
sive ; out of temper ; sad ; gloomy. 

moon (moon), w. the satellite that re- 
volves round the earth ; satellite of 
a planet ; a month ; a crescent- 
shaped outwork : v.i. to wander and 
look about in an abstracted and list- 
less manner. 

moonsail ('sal), n. a sail carried 
above a skysail. Also moonraker. 

moonshine ('shin), n. moonlight; 
show without reality ; smuggled 
spirits. 

moonshiner (-er), n. a distiller of 
illicit whisky ; a smuggler of whisky. 

moonstone ('ston), n. a translucent 
stone of yellowish or yellow-white 
color exhibiting beautiful pearly 
reflections. 

moonstruck ('struk), adj. lunatic. 

moonwort ('wert), n. a fern with 
crescent-shaped fronds. 

moony ('i), adj. crescent-shaped; 
weakly sentimental ; intoxicated. 

Moor (moor), n. one of a dark race 
dwelling in Barbary in Northern 
Africa. 

moor (moor), n. an extensive tract 
of waste land covered with heather, 
&c., sometimes marshy or peaty : v.t. 
to secure (a ship) by a cable and 



anchor : v.i. to be secured by a cable 
and anchor. 

moorage ('aj), n. a mooring place. 

moor-cock ('kok), n. the male of the 
red grouse. Also moor-fowl. 

mooring ('ing), n. the act of secur- 
ing a vessel to a particular place ; 
the cables, anchors, &c., laid at the 
bottom of a harbor, &c., to which a 
vessel is moored : pi. the place where 
a vessel is moored. 

moorstone ('ston), n. a variety of 
Cornish granite, used for building. 

moose (moos), n. a large North 
American deer resembling the Euro- 
pean elk. 

moot (moot), v.t. to propose for dis- 
cussion : v.i. to argue or plead on 
a supposed case : n. a discussion on 
a supposed case : adj. subject or 
open for discussion or debate. 

mop (mop), n. an instrument for 
washing floors, decks, &c., consist- 
ing of a bundle of cloth, rags, &c., 
fastened to the end of a long handle ; 
a fair at which servants are hired : 
v.t. [p i. & p.p. mopped, p.pr. mop- 
ping], to rub or dry with a mop. 

mope (mop), v.i. to be silent, dull 
or dispirited. 

moquette (mo-kef), n. a Brussels or 
tapestry carpet with a short velvety 
pile. 

mora (mo'ra), n. a South American 
tree the wood of which is used for 
shipbuilding and furniture, and its 
bark for tanning ; an Italian game 
of guess played with the fingers. 

moraine (mo-ran'), n. a line of rocks 
and gravel at the edges and base of 
glaciers. 

moral (mor'al), adj. pertaining to 
morality or morals ; conformed to 
right ; subject to, or influenced by, 
the moral law ; virtuous ; practical- 
ly sufiicient ; serving to teach a 
moral : n. inner meaning : pi. moral 
philosophy or ethics ; conduct of life ; 
behavior. 

morale (mo-ral'), n. moral condi- 
tion ; that mental state which ren- 
ders a man capable of endurance and 
of exhibiting courage in the pres- 
ence of danger. 

moralize (mor'al-iz), v.t. to apply or 
explain in a moral sense ; render 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boonj 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



538 



moral : v.i. to 'make reflections on 
good or evil. 

moralist (mor'a-list), n. one who 
moralizes ; one who teaches or prac- 
tices the duties of life. 

morality (mo-ral'i-ti), n. [pi. moral- 
ities (-tiz)], the doctrine or prac- 
tice of the duties of life ; ethics ; vir- 
tue ; formerly a kind of allegorical 
play. 

morally (mor'al-i), adv. according to 
the rules of morality ; ethically ; vir- 
tuously ; practically. 

moral pMlosopky (fil-os'o-fi), n. 
ethics. 

morass (mo-ras'), n. a swamp; fen. 

Moravian (-ra'vi-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to Moravia, or to a Protestant 
sect, the Moravians or United Breth- 
ren. 

morbid (mor'bid), adj. pertaining to 
disease ; sickly ; unhealthy. 

morbidity (-bid'i-ti), n. sl morbid 
state. 

morbific (-bif'ik), adj. producing dis- 
ease. 

morceau (-so'), n. a small pieCe 
[French]. 

mordant ('dant), adj. biting into or 
fixing colors ; sarcastic ; caustic : n. 
a substance that has a chemical af- 
finity for coloring matter, and serves 
to fix certain colors in dyeing ; a 
substance to make gold-leaf adhere. 

more (mor), adj. [comp. of many and 
mucli, superl. most], greater in num- 
ber, quality, extent, number, &c. ; 
additional ; longer : adv. to a greater 
degree, &c. ; again ; besides : n. a 
greater quantity, number, &c. ; 
something further or additional. 

moreen (rao-ren'), n. a stout woolen 
embossed or figured fabric. 

morel (mor'el), n. a small fungus 
used for food and flavoring. Also 
moril. 

morello (mo-rel'o), n. a dark-red 
cherry : used for making cherry- 
brandy. 

moreover (mor-5'ver), adv. besides; 
further. 

Moresque (mo-resk'), adj. Moorish 
or Arabesque : n. such decoration or 
architecture. 

morganatic (mor-ga-nat'ik), adj. 
noting the marriage of a man of 



royal rank with a woman of infe^ 
rior degree, whose children are legit- 
imate but cannot inherit their fa- 
ther's rank or possessions. 

morgue (mOrg), n. a place where the 
bodies of persons unknown found 
dead are exposed for identification. 

moribund (mor'i-bund), adj. dying. 

moringa (mo-ring'ga), n. a highly 
scented East Indian tree, yielding 
the ben-nut and ben-oil. 

morion (mo'ri-un), n. an open hel- 
met without beaver or vizor. 

Morisco (mo-ris'ko), n. a Moor; the 
Moorish language. 

Mormon (mor'mun), adj. pertaining 
to a sect founded in 1830 by Joseph 
Smith, who professed to have found 
the Book of Mormon. The sect, 
called also Latter Day Saints, for- 
merly practiced polygamy, and has 
its headquarters in Utah, U. S. A. 

Mormonisxn (-izm), n. the doctrines 
and practices of the Mormons. 

morning (morn'iug), n. the early 
part of the day : Poet, morn : adj. 
pertaining to, occurring, or per- 
formed, in the morning. 

morning -watch, (woch), n. watch 
on shipboard from 4 a. m. to 8 a. m. 

merocco (mo-rok'o), n. a fine kind 
of grained leather of goatskin or 
sheepskin ; first prepared at Moroc- 
co, Africa. 

mor one (-ron'), n. a dark crimson 
color. 

morose (-ros'), adj. sullen; austere; 
gloomy. 

morosely ('li), adv. in a morose man- 
ner. 

moroseness ('nes), the quality or 
state of being morose. 

morpbia (mor'fi-a), n. the narcotic 
principle of opium. Also morphine. 

morphinism ('fin-izm), n. a morbid 
state occasioned by the excessive 
use of morphia. 

morphological (-fo-loj'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to morphology. Also 
morphologic. 

morphology (-fol'o-ji), n. the science 
of the forms in the organisms of 
animals and plants. 

morris (mor 'is), n. a Moorish dance 
with tambourines, bells, castanets, 
&c., common in Old English pa- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



539 



mot 



geants and revels ; an old game 
played with men and counters on 
squares. Also morrice. 

anorro-w ('o), n. the next day. 

morse (mors), n. the walrus; a clasp 
for fastening a cope. 

morsel (mor'sel), n. a small piece. 

mort (mort), n. a salmon in its third 
year ; a note or notes sounded on a 
hunting horn to notify the death of 
game. 

mortal (mor'tal), adj. subject to 
death ; causing death ; fatal ; pun- 
ishable with death ; violent ; ex- 
treme ; tedious ; pertaining to human 
beings : n. a human being ; man, as 
subject to death. 

mortality (tal'i-ti), n. the condition 
of being mortal ; mankind ; fre- 
quency or number of deaths in ratio 
to population. 

mortally ('tal-li), adv. so as to cause 
death ; fatally ; extremely. 

Eiortar ('ter), n. a vessel in which 
substances are pounded with a pes- 
tle ; a short piece of ordnance used 
for throwing shells at high angles 
of elevation ; a building cement of 
lime, sand, and water : v.t. to plaster 
or secure with mortar. 

mortgage ( mor'ga j ) , w. a deed con- 
veying property to a creditor as se- 
curity for the payment of a debt ; 
the deed by which such conveyance 
is made : v.t. to convey or make over 
to a creditor as security ; pledge. 

mortgagee (-ga-je'), n. the person to 
whom a mortgage is made or given. 

mortgager ('ga-jer), n. the person 
who grants a mortgage. Also mort- 
gagor. 

mortification (-ti-fi-ka'shun), n. 
the act of mortifying ; gangrene ; 
subjugation of the passions and ap- 
petites by abstinence ; humiliation ; 
vexation ; chagrin. 

mortify ('ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. mor- 
tified, p.pr. mortifying], to destroy 
the vital functions of ; produce gan- 
grene in ; subdue by penance or aus- 
terities ; humble ; depress ; chagrin : 
v.i. to be subdued ; practice austeri- 
ties ; become gangrenous. 

mortifying (-ing), adj. tending to 
mortify ; humiliating ; vexatious. 

mortise ('tis), n. a hole made in 



wood to receive a tenon : v.t. to cut 
or make a mortise in. 

mortmain ('man), n. alienation of 
lands or tenements to any corporate 
body. 

mortuary ('ti-a-ri), n. [pi. mortu- 
aries (-riz)], a building for the 
dead pending burial : adj. pertain- 
ing to the burial of the dead. 

Mosaic (mo-za'ik), adj. pertaining to 
Moses, to the Law, institutions, &C.5 
given through him, or to his writ- 
ings. 

mosaic (-za'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or consisting of, mosaic work : n. ?. 
design, or form of artistic work, 
formed by the union of very minute 
pieces of glass, stone, &c,, of various 
colors, inlaid in a ground of stucco 
or metal. 

Moselle (mo-zel'), n. a light white 
wine. 

Moslem (mos'lem), adj, pertaining 
to Mohammedans : n. a Mohamme- 
dan or Mussulman. 

m.osq-ae (mosk), n. a Mohammedan 
temple. 

mosquito (mus-ke'to), 11. an insect 
of the genus Culex, the females of 
which puncture the skin of men and 
animals, causing great cutaneous ir- 
ritation and pain. 

moss (mos), n. soft peaty moorland; 
a natural order of cryptogamous 
bog plants, the musci, with simple 
narrow leaves and of cellular struc- 
ture ; a lichen. 

moss-rose ('roz), n. a fragrant va- 
riety of rose with a moss-like calyx. 

most (most), adj. [superl. of morely 
greatest in number, quantity, or de- 
gree : n. the greatest number, part, 
quantity, or value. 

mot (mo) , M. a witty saying [French]. 

mote (mot), n. a popular assembly 
for the discussion and management 
of affairs; a very small particle. 

motet (mo-tef), n. a short vocal 
composition of a sacred character; 
anthem. 

moth (m6th), n. a lepidopterous in- 
sect or its larvae, which feed upon 
cloth, fur, &c. ; anything that grad- 
ually gnaws away. 

mother (mnth'er) , n. female parent^ 
especially one of the human race; 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



mot 



540 



mon 



one who has given birth to a child ; 
origin or source ; the female superior 
of a religious house ; a thick slimy 
substance or film concreted in liq- 
uids : adj. native ; producing others : 
v.t. to adopt as a son or daughter. 

mother-in-la^Btr (-in-law), n. the 
mother of one's husband or wife. 

mother-of-pearl (-perl), n. the 
hard, silvery internal layer of va- 
rious kinds of shells. 

motion (mo'shim), n. the act, pro- 
cess, or state of moving ; passage of 
a body from one place to another ; 
animal life and action ; impulse, de- 
sire, or passion ; internal activity ; a 
propostion made in a deliberative as- 
sembly ; evacuation of the bowels : 
v.i. to make a significant movement 
or gesture. 

motive ('tiv), adj. causing motion; 
able or tending to move : n. that 
which moves or excites to action ; 
inducement ; reason ; stimulus ; in 
art, leading idea, or conception. 

motive po-wer (pou'er), n. any nat- 
ural agent, as wind, water, steam, 
electricity, &c., employed to produce 
motion in a machine. 

motley (mot'li), adj. covered with 
parts of various colors ; heteroge- 
neous. 

auotmot ('mot), n. any one of various 
species of beautiful jay-like South 
American birds : so named from the 
note. 

motor (mo'ter), n. that which pro- 
duces motion, or power, especially a 
machine which performs mechanical 
work ; a machine for transmuting 
energy into mechanical motion. 

jnotor boat (bot), n. a boat pro- 
pelled by a gasoline or other marine 
motor, 

motor car (kar), n. a vehicle pro- 
pelled by means of petroleum, elec- 
tricity. «&c. 

motorcycle (-si-kl), n. a bicycle pro- 
pelled by a motor. 

motordrome (drom), n. a field for 
automobile and motorcycle races. 

mottle (mot'l), v.t. to mark with 
spots of various colors ; variegate. 

motto Co), n. [pi. mottoes ('oz)], 
a concise sentence added to a device. 



or prefixed to anything, suggesting 
some guiding principle, &c. 

mouflou (moof'lon) , n. the wild large- 
horned sheep of Corsica and Sar- 
dinia. Also moufflon. 

moujik (moo-zhek'), n. a Russian 
peasant. 

mould, see mold. 

mioiilin (moo-lang'), n. a deep crack 
intersecting a glacial rivulet 
[French]. 

moulinage ('lin-aj), n. the process of 
reeling off silk in its raw state and 
dressing it prior to dyeing. 

moulinet ('li-net), n. a kind of turn- 
stile ; the drum or capstan of a ma- 
chine for hoisting. 

moult, see molt. 

mound (mound), n. an artificial bank 
of earth or stone, originally for de- 
fensive purposes ; hillock ; a small 
globe surmounted by a cross, sym- 
bolical of empire : v.t. to furnish, or 
fortify, with a mound. 

Mound Builders (bil'derz,) n.pl. a 
prehistoric race formerly dwelling in 
the valley of the Mississippi, who 
erected large earthen mounds, &c. 

mount (mount), n. a hill or moun- 
tain ; a rocky mass or elevation ris- 
ing above the level of the surround- 
ing land ; a mound for defense or at- 
tack ; rampart ; cardboard on which 
a drawing is fixed : v.t. to raise on 
high ; climb ; ascend ; bestride ; fur- 
nish with horses ; prepare for use by 
fixing on, or in, something else : v.i. 
to rise up ; project ; tower ; get on 
horseback. 

mountain ('in), n. a large mass of 
rock or earth rising above the level 
of the adjacent country ; usually 
over 2,000 feet ; anything very large. 

mountaineer (-er'), n. one who 
dwells among, or climbs, mountains : 
v.i. to climb mountains. 

mountainous (-us), adj. full of, or 
resembling, mountains. 

mountebank ('e-bank), n. a quack- 
doctor ; boastful pretender. 

mounted ('ed), p.adj. seated or serv- 
ing on horseback ; placed on a suit- 
able support. 

mounting ('ing), n. the act of mount- 
ing, embellishing, or equipping. 

mourn (morn),) v.i. to grieve; la- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



541 



mud 



ment ; be sorrowful ; wear mourn- 
ing : v.t. to grieve for ; bewail. 

snourner ('er), n. one who mourns; 
one who attends a funeral. 

mournful ('fool), adj. causing, or 
expressing, sorrow ; doleful ; sad. 

mournfully ('li), adv. in a mournful 
manner. 

mourning ('ing), n. expression of 
grief ; lamenting ; the dress of a 
mourner. 

mouse (mous), n. \_pl. mice (mis)], 
a small rodent of the genus Mus, 
that infests houses, granaries, &c. : 
v.i. (mouz) to watch for, or catch, 
mice ; watch for something in a sly 
manner ; pry curiously : v.t. to tear, 
as a cat tears a mouse. 

mtousseline-de-laine (moo-se-len- 
de-lan'), n. a very light textured 
woolen dress material. 

moustaclie» see mustache. 

mouth (mouth), n. the opening in 
the head of an animal by which it 
receives food and utters sounds ; en- 
trance or opening ; exit ; instrument 
of speaking; grimace: v.t. {mouth) 
to utter with an affected swelling or 
pompous voice : v.i. make grimaces. 

moutliful ('fool), n. \_pl. mouthfuls 
(-foolz)], as much as can be put 
into the mouth at one time; small 
quantity. 

mouthpiece ('pes), n. that part of 
an instrument which is held in or 
applied to the mouth ; a spokesman. 

movability (moov-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being movable. 

movable ('a-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing moved or conveyed ; changing 
from one time to another : n.^tl. 
goods, wares, or furniture. 

movable feasts (fests), n.pl. certain 
Church festivals, the date of which 
is determined by Easter. 

movably (-bli), adv. so as to be 
moved. 

move (moov), v.t. to cause to change 
place or position ; impel ; set in mo- 
tion ; rouse to action ; influence ; 
propose formally : v.i. to change 
place or position ; go from place to 
place ; stir ; take action ; change res- 
idence : n. the act of moving ; right 
to move ; movement ; artifice or 
scheme. 



movement ('ment), n. the act or 
manner of moving ; change of place 
or position ; motion ; excitement ; 
emotion ; agitation ; the going mech- 
anism of a watch or clock ; any 
single part in a musical composition. 

moving ('ing), p. adj. causing motion, 
or change of position ; stirring the 
passions or affections ; pathetic : n. 
the act of changing one's residence. 

moving-picture ('ttir), n. popular 
term covering every form of ani- 
mated pictures (see biograph). 

mow (mo), v.t. [p.t. mowed, p.p. 
mowed, mown, p.pr. mowing], to cut 
down with, or as with, a scythe : v.i. 
to cut grass with a scythe. 

miow (mou), n. a heap of hay, &c., 
stowed in a barn ; the compartment 
in a barn where hay, etc., are 
stored : v.t. to stow in a mow. 

mown, p.p. of mow. 

much (much), adj. {comparative 
more, superlative most], great in 
quantity or amount ; long in dura- 
tion ; many in number : adv. to a 
great degree or extent ; often or 
long ; nearly : n. a great quantity ; 
something considerable or unusual. 

mucilage (mti'si-laj), n. a gummy or 
gelatinous substance ; gum of plants. 

mucilaginous (-laj'i-nus), adj. per- 
taining to, resembling, or secreting, 
mucilage or gum. 

muck (muk), n. moist dung; any- 
thing filthy or vile: v.t. to manure 
with dung. 

muckiness ('i-nes), n. the quality or 
state of being mucky. 

muckworm ('werm), n. a grub or 
larva bred in manure ; a miser. 

mucky ('i), adj. consisting of muck; 
miry ; nasty ; filthy. 

miicous (mu'kus), adj. pertaining to, 
resembling, or secreting, mucus ; vis- 
cous or slimy. 

mucous membrane (mem'bran), n. 
the moist, glandular lining of the 
cavities and canals of the human 
body. 

mucus ('kus), n. the viscid fluid se- 
creted by the mucous membrane ; a 
gummy or slimy substance found in 
certain plants. 

mud ( mud ) , n. soft wet earth ; mire. 

muddle ('!), v.t. to make a mess of 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



xunf 



542 



xnnl 



or confuse ; cloud or stupefy ; make 
partially drunk ; squander : n. a con- 
fused state ; intellectual dulness or 
bewilderment. 

muff (muf), n. a warm soft cylindri- 
cal cover of fur, &c., to keep the 
hands warm in cold weather ; a 
stupid, spiritless fellow; failure to 
hold a ball when catching it : v.t, to 
handle awkwardly; fail to hold (a 
ball) when catching it. 

muffetee (-e-te'), n. a fur or worsted 
wristband. 

auufiin ('in), n. a soft light spongy 
round cake. 

auuffle ('1), v.t. to wrap up closely 
and warmly ; cover or conceal the 
face of ; cover up so as to deaden 
sound : v.i. to speak indistinctly : n. 
a semi-cylindrical earthenware oven 
used in assaying metals. 

auuffler ('ler), n. a wrapper. 

3uufti ('ti), n. [pi. muftis ('tiz), n. 
a doctor or official expounder of Mo- 
hammedan law ; civilian dress worn 
by a naval or military officer when 
off duty. 

anug (mug), n. an earthenware or 
metallic drinking vessel ; the face. 

mugginess ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being muggy. 

anuggy ('i), adj. warm, damp, and 
close ; moldy. 

anug-wuiup ('wump), n. an independ- 
ent member of the Republican party. 

Muhammedan, same as Mohamme- 
dan. 

mulatto (mu-lat'o), n. [pZ. mulattoes 
('oz)], the offspring of negro and 
white parents. Feminine mulat- 
tress. 

mulberry (mul'ber-i), n. [pi. mul- 
berries (-iz)], the tree or fruit of 
the genus Morus ; dark purple. 

auulch (mulch), n. half rotten straw, 
litter, &c., used to protect the roots 
of trees, plants, &c. : v.t. to cover, or 
protect, with mulch. 

mulct (mulkt), v.t. to punish with a 
fine : n. a fine, especially for some 
misdemeanor. 

mule (mul), n. the offspring of a 
male ass and a mare ; a stubborn 
obstinate person ; a machine for 
spinning cotton, &c. 

auuleteer (-e-ter'), n. a mule driver. 



mulisli (mul'ish), adj. like a mule; 

stubborn. 

mull ( mul ), n. a headland or cape ; a 
snuff-box made of the end of a horn ; 
a very thin soft kind of muslin ; an 
inferior kind of madder ; dust or 
rubbish ; failure : v.t. to warm, spice, 
and sweeten (wine, ale, &c.). 

mullein (mul'in), n. a coarse her- 
baceous plant. 

muller ('er), n. a flat-bottomed pestle 
used for grinding pigments or drugs. 

mullet Cet), an edible marine fish, 
much esteemed for the table. 

uiulliou ( 'yun ) , w. an upright bar or 
division between the lights of win- 
dows, screens, &c., in a Gothic arch : 
v.t. to furnish with, or divide by> 
mullions. 

m.ulse (muls), n. wine boiled and 
mixed with honey. 

3nult, mnlti^ prefixes meaning many : 
as, mwZ^angular, having many an- 
gles, multi^OTOus, having many flow- 
ers. 

multiple (mul'ti-pl), adj. consisting 
of many parts ; repeated many times : 
n. a number or quantity which con- 
tains another an exact number of 
times without a remainder. 

multiplex ('ti-pleks), adj. manifold. 

xaultiplicand (-pli-kand'), n. the 
number or quantity to be multiplied. 

multiplicate ('ti-pli-kat), adj. con- 
sisting of many. 

multiplication (-ka'^hun), n. the 
act or process of multiplying ; rule 
or operation by which any given 
number or quantity is multiplied. 

multiplicity (-plis'i-ti), n. the state 
of being manifold ; a great number. 

multiplier ( 'ti-pll-er ) , n. one who, or 
that which multiplies or increases; 
the number or quantity by which an- 
other is multiplied. 

multiply Cti-pli), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
multiplied, p.pr. multiplying], to 
cause to increase in number; make 
more by natural generation, produc- 
tion or addition; repeat (any given 
number or quantity) as often as 
there are units in another number 
or quantity : v.i. to increase in num- 
ber or extent. 

multitude ('ti-tud), n. a great num- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



xnnl 



543 



ber ; crowd ; assembly ; populace 
(with the). 

multitudinous ( -tu'di-nus ) , adj. per- 
taining to, or consisting of, a multi- 
tude ; numerous. 

multum ('turn), n. a mixture of the 
extracts of quassia and liquorice used 
for adulterating beer. 

muiu (mum), adj. silent: n. silence; 
a kind of strong ale : inter j. be si- 
lent ! 

mumble ('bl), v.t. & v.i. to mutter or 
speak indistinctly ; chew gently with 
closed lips. 

mumbo-jumbo ('bo-jum'bo), n. a 
West African idol or object of su- 
perstitious reverence or dread ; vul- 
gar bugbear. 

mumm (mum), v.i. to mask or dis- 
guise one's self for sport. 

muuiBier ('er), n. one who makes 
sport in disguise ; a masker ; actor. 

muxnmery ('er-i), n. masquerading; 
buffoonery ; hypocritical parade or 
disguise. 

mumm.iform ('i-form), adj. like a 
mummy. 

mumiuy ('i), n. [pi. mummies ('iz)], 
a dead body embalmed after the 
manner of the ancient Egyptians ; a 
kind of wax used in grafting trees ; 
a rich brown color from bitumen. 

mump (mump), v.i. & v.t. to move the 
lips with the mouth nearly closed ; 
nibble ; cheat ; whine or sulk ; play 
the beggar ; to mutter ; impose upon. 

miiraLper ('er), n. a begging impostor. 

miuiups ('s), n. a contagious febrile 
disease characterized by the swelling 
of the glands of the neck : pi. the 
sulks, 

mumpish ('ish), adj. sulky. 

muncb (munch), v.t. & v.i. to chew 
with an audible crunching noise. 

mLunda,ne (mun'dan), adj. pertaining 
to the world. 

luundil ('dil), n. a richly embroid- 
ered turban. 

muugoos (mung'goos), n. an ichneu- 
mon that preys on snakes. Also 
mongoos. 

municipal (mu-nis'i-pal), adj. per- 
taining to a city, corporation, state, 
or local self-government. 

municipal law (law), n. the com- 
mon law of a city or country. 



municipality ('i-ti), n. [pi. munici- 
palities (-tiz)], a corporate town or 
city ; a division of the country 
[France]. 

municipally ('i-pal-i), adv. in a mu- 
nicipal manner. 

munificence (nif'i-sens), w. the qual- 
ity or state of being munificent ; lib- 
erality. 

munificent ('i-sent), adj. character- 
ized by great liberality in giving ; 
bountiful. 

muniment (mu'ni-ment), n. a strong- 
hold or fortification ; a legal record 
defending a title ; title-deed or char- 
ter. 

munitions (-nish'unz), n.pl. military 
stores or material. 

mural ('ral), adj. pertaining to, 
growing on, or resembling, a wall. 

murder (mer'der), n. homicide with 
malice aforethought : v.t. to kill with 
premeditated malice ; mangle ; mar 
or ruin. 

murderer (-er), n. one who is guilty 
of murder. Feminine murderess. 

murderous (-us), adj. pertaining to, 
guilty of, or attended with, murder. 

muriate (mu'ri-at), n. a salt of muri- 
atic acid. 

muriatic (-at'ik), adj. derived from 
sea salt. 

murine ('rin), adj. pertaining to a 
mouse or mice. 

murk (merk), n. darkness. 

murkiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being murky. 

murkily ('i-li), adv. darkly. 

murky ('i), adj. dark; gloomy; ob- 
scure. 

murmur (mer'mer), n. a low indis- 
tinct sound, as of a running stream ; 
a complaint in a low muttering 
tone : v.i. to make a low continued 
noise like the hum of bees ; mutter 
in discontent ; grumble. 

murra ('a), n. a delicate kind of 
handsome ancient ware made of 
fluor-spar. 

murrain (mur'an), n. an infectious 
and fatal disease among cattle. 

murrey ('i), n. dark red. 

muscardine (mus'kar-din), n. a 
fungus which causes fatal disease in 
silk-worms. 

muscatel ('ka-tel), n. a variety of 



ate, arm, S,sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



544 



rich wine ; the grapes which produce 
it ; a sweet fragrant pear. Musca- 
del, muscadine. 

muscle ('1)5 n. a highly contractile 
organ of fibrous tissue by whicli 
movement in an animal body is ef- 
fected ; muscular strength. 

muscled ('Id), adj. having muscles. 

Muscovite ('ko-vit), n. a Russian. 

muscovy duck (-vi dut), n. a large 
duck of tropical America. 

muscular ('ku-lar), adj. pertaining 
to, consisting of, or performed by, 
muscles ; strong ; vigorous ; brawny. 

muscularity (-lar'i-ti), 11. the qual- 
ity or state of being muscular. 

Muse (muz), n. any one of the nine 
classical goddesses who presided each 
over one of the nine liberal arts. 

muse (miiz), v.i. to study in silence; 
meditate ; be absent-minded : v.t. to 
meditate on. 

musette (mu-zef), n. a small bag- 
pipe ; a soft melodious air. 

museum (-ze'um), n. a collection of 
natural, scientific, or literary curi- 
osities, or of works of art ; the 
building containing such a collection. 

auusli (mush), n. boiled Indian maize 
meal. 

mushroom ('room), n. an edible fun- 
gus Agaricus campestris, or similar 
edible fungi ; an upstart : adj. made 
from, or resembling mushrooms ; up- 
start ; ephemeral. 

music (mti'zik), n. the art or science 
of harmonic sounds ; harmony or 
melody ; musical score or composi- 
tion. 

Doiusical ('zi-kal), adj. pertaining to, 
producing, or consisting of, music ; 
harmonious ; melodious. 

musicale (-zi-kal'), n. a social mu- 
sical party. 

musically (-li), adv. in a musical 
manner. 

xuusicalness (-nes), n. musical qual- 
ity. 

musician (-zish'an), n. one skilled in 
the science of music ; one who sings, 
or plays on a musical instrument. 

musing (mi~iz'ing), n. meditation: 
adj. meditative. 

musk (musk), n. a strong-scented 
substance obtained from the male 



musk-deer ; a small plant with a 
musk-scented perfume. 

musk-deer ('der), n. a small horn- 
less deer which yields musk. 

musk-duck ('duk), n. the Muscovy 
duck ; an Australian duck. 

musket (mus'ket), n. the firearm for- 
merly used by infantry. 

musketeer (-er'), n. a soldier armed 
with a musket. 

musketoon (-oon'), n. a short mus- 
ket. 

musketry (-ri), n. firearm practice. 

musk-ox musk'oks), n. an Arctic 
bovine animal. 

muskrat (musk'rat), n. an aquatic 
rodent of North America which 
emits a musky secretion. Also musk- 
beaver, musqnash. 

muslin (muz'lin), n. a fine thin cot- 
ton cloth or fabric : adj. made of 
muslin, 

muslinet (-ef), n. a coarse muslin. 

musquask, same as muskrat. 

musquito, same as mosquito. 

niiiiss (mus), n. a confused struggle; 
disorder : v.t. to disorder, as cloth- 
ing. 

mussel ('el), n. a marine edible bi- 
valve. 

Mussulman ('ul-man), n. [pi. Mus- 
sulmans (-manz)], a Mohammedan, 
or INIoslem. 

mussy (mus'i), adj. disordered. 

must (must), n. unfermented ex- 
pressed grape juice : v.t. to make 
moldy and sour : v.i. to be obliged 
morally or physically. 

mustacke (mus-tash'), n. hair worn 
on a man's upper lip. Also mous- 
tache. 

mustang ('tang), n. the small, hardy, 
semi-wild horse of the prairies. 

mustard ('terd), n. a plant and its 
seed of the genus Sinapis ; a condi- 
ment made from the ground seed, 

mustee (-te'), n. the offspring of a 
white and a quadroon. 

muster ('ter), n. an assembly of 
troops for review or active service ; 
register of troops mustered ; assem- 
blage ; collection : v.t. to assemble, as 
troops for review or active service : 
v.i. to meet in one place. 

mustily ('ti-li), adv. in a musty con- 
dition. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



545 



my* 



mustiness (-nes), n. the state of be- 
ing musty 

musty ('ti), adj. [comp. mustier, su- 

perl. mustiest], spoiled with damp, 

mold, or age ; spiritless ; antiquated. 

I mutability (mu-ta-bil'i-ti), n. the 

I quality of being subject to change ; 

! instability. 

I mutable ('ta-bl), adj. susceptible of 
] change. 

mutableness (-nes), n. the quality 
or state of being mutable. 

mutably (-bli), adv. in a mutable 
manner. 

mutation (mu-ta'shun), n. altera- 
tion ; change. 

mute ( mut ) , adj. silent ; dumb ; not 
pronounced or sounded : n. one who 
is dumb or remains silent ; an under- 
taker's assistant who stands before 
the door of a house at a funeral ; a 
consonant which is not pronounced, 
or intercepts the sound ; a contriv- 
ance to deaden or soften the sound 
of a musical instrument. 

mutely ('li), adv. silently. 

muteness ('nes), n. the quality or 
state of being mute. 

mutilate (mu'ti-lat), v.t. to cut off a 
limb or essential part of ; render im- 
perfect ; maim. 

mutilation (-la'shun), n. the act of 
mutilating. 

mutilator ('ti-la-ter), n. one who 
mutilates. 

mutineer (-ti-ner'), n. one who is 
guilty of mutiny : v.i. to mutiny. 

mutinous ('ti-nus), adj. disposed to, 
or ^guilty of, mutiny ; seditious. 

mutiny ('ti-ni), n. insurrection 
against, or forcible resistance to, 
constituted authority, especially of 
soldiers or sailors against their offi- 
cers : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. mutinied, p.pr. 
mutinying], to rise against consti- 
tuted authority. 

mutism ('tizm), n. the state or habit 
of being mute. 

mutoscope (mti'to-skop), n. a form 
of kinetoscope, worked by hand. 

miutter (mut'er), v.i. to utter words 
in a low voice with compressed lips ; 
murmur : v.t. to utter indistinctly : 
n. indistinct utterance ; murmur. 

mutton ('n), n. the flesh of sheep. 

mutual (mu'tii-al), adj. reciprocal. 



mutually (-li), adv. reciprocally. 

mutuality (-al'i-ti), n. reciprocation. 

mutualism (-izm), n. the ethical doc- 
trine of mutual dependence in social 
development. 

muzzle (muz'l), n. the projecting 
mouth, lips, and nose of an animal ; 
snout ; the mouth of a gun, &c. ; a 
fastening or cover for the mouth of 
a dog, &c., to prevent biting : v.t. to 
secure the mouth of with a muzzle. 

muzzy ('i), adj. absent-minded; mud- 
dled. 

my (mi), poss. pron. belonging to me. 

myalgia (-al'ji-a), n. stiffness or 
cramp in the voluntary muscles. 

mycoderm ('ko-derm), n. a cryto- 
gamic plant which forms on the sur- 
face of fermenting liquids. 

mycology (-kol'o-ji), n. the branch 
of botany that treats of fungi or 
mushrooms. 

myelitis (-el-i'tis), n. inflammation 
of the spinal cord. 

mylodon (mi'lo-don), n. a huge ex- 
tinct fossil edentate animal. 

mynbeer (min-har'), n. sir [Dutch] ; 
a Dutchman. 

myo, a prefix meaning 7nuscle, as myo- 
dynamics, the science of muscular 
action. 

myology (mi-ol'o-ji), n. a description 
of the muscles. 

myopia (-o'pi-a), n. short-sighted- 
ness. 

myriad (mir'i-ad), n. the number of 
10,000 ; a very large number : adj. 
innumerable. 

myriagram, myriagramme ( 'i-a- 
gram), n. in the metric system, 
10,000 grams. 

myrialiter, myrialitre (-letter), n. 
in the metric system, 10,000 liters. 

myriameter, myriametre (-me- 
ter), n. in the metric system 10,000 
meters. 

myriare ('i-ar), n. in the metric sys- 
tem, 10,000 ares. 

Myrmidon ('mi-don), n. one of a 
tribe of Thracian warriors who ac- 
companied Achilles to the Trojan 
war. 

myrmidon, n. a brutal or unprinci- 
pled follower or subordinate. 

myrrb (mer),«. the aromatic gummy 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me. merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; booDj 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



myr 



546 



myx 



resin of Balsamodendron mijrrha, 
growing in Arabia and Abyssinia. 

myrtle (mer'tl), n: a fragrant ever- 
green shrub of the genus Myrtus. 

myself (mi-sell') , pron. [p^, ourselves 
(our-selvz') ], I or me in person: 
used emphatically or refiexively. 

jnystagogtie (mis'ta-gog), ii. an ini- 
tiator into, or interpreter of, mys- 
, teries ; in the Roman Catholic 
Church, one who keeps and exhibits 
relics. 
-mysterious (-te'ri-us), adj. not clear 
to the understanding ; obscure ; in- 
comprehensible. 

mystery ('ter-i), n. [j)l. mysteries 
(-iz)], something secret, obscure, or 
unexplained ; that which is beyond 
human comprehension ; formerly a 
trade or handicraft : pi. among the 
ancients, sacred rites and ceremonies 
to which the initiated only were ad- 
mitted ; religious dramas or miracle 
plays. 

mystic ('tik), adj. pertaining to, or 
containing, mystery or mysticism ; 
allegorical ; emblematical ; obscure ; 
occult. Also mystical : n. a believer 
in mysticism. 

mystically (-al-li), adv. in a mystic 
manner. 

niysticism Cti-sizm), n. the doctrines 
of the Mystics, who professed a 
pure, sublime, and disinterested de- 
votion, and who aspired to a more 
direct intercourse with God, through 
the inward perception of the mind. 



than is afforded by revelation ; ob- 
scurity of thought or teaching. 

mystification (-fi-ka'shun) , n. the 
act of mystifying ; the state of be- 
ing mystified. 

mystify ('ti-fi), v.f. [p.t. & p.p. mys- 
tified, p.pr. mystifying], to involve 
in mystery ; obscure ; bewilder ; puz- 
zle. 

my til (mith), n. a legend; poetic fic- 
tion ; a fabulous narrative founded 
on some event, especially in the 
early existence of a people, and em- 
bodying their ideas as to their own 
origin, their gods, natural phenom- 
ena, &c. 

mythic ('ik), adj. pertaining to 
myths. Also mythical. 

mythically (-al-li), adv. in a mythi- 
cal manner. 

mythological (-o-loj'i-kal), adj. per- 
taining to mythology ; mythical. 

mythologically (-li), adv. accord- 
ing to mythology. 

mythologist (-ol'o-jist), n. a student 
of, or one skilled in, mythology. 

mythology ('o-ji), n. [pi. mytholo- 
gies (-jiz)], the collected body or 
system of the traditions or legends 
of a people in which are embodied 
their beliefs concerning their origin, j 
gods, heroes, &c. ; the science of 
myths ; a treatise on myths. 

myxomycetes (miks-o-mi-se'tez), n. 
pi. organisms forming a network 
of creamy filaments on decaying 
wood, leaves, &c. 



ate, S.rm, 2.sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, tfeen. 



I 




nab (nab), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. nabbed, 
p.pr. nabbing], to eatch or seize 
unexpectedly. 

nabee (na-be'), n. a powerful poison 
prepared in the East Indies from 
the root of Aconitum ferox. 

nabob (na'bob), n. in India, a deputy 
or administrator under the Mogul 
Empire ; one who has amassed 
wealth in India; a very wealthy 
man. 

nacarat (nak'a-rat), n. a pale red 
color ; fine linen or crape dyed such 
color. 

nacre (na'ker), n. mother-of-pearl. 

nacreous ('kre-us), adj. having an 
iridescent luster ; resembling moth- 
er-of-pearl. 

nacrite ('krit), n. a mineral with a 
pearly luster. 

nadir (na'der), n. that part of the 
heavens directly under our feet, or 
directly opposite to the zenith. 

nsevose ('vos), adj. freckled, 

nsevns (ne'vus), n. a birth-mark. 

nag (nag), n. a small saddle-horse: 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p. nagged, p.pr. nag- 
ging], to scold or find fault with 
continually : v.i. to find fault con- 
stantly, 

naggy (nag'i), adj. disposed to nag, 

naboor (na-hoor'), n. a species of 
wild Nepaul sheep. 

Naiad (na'yad), n. a wat^r-nymph. 

naif (na-ef), adj. noting an uncut 
jewel with a natural luster, as a 
naif gem. 

nail (nal), n. the horny substance at 
the ends of the human fingers and 
toes ; the claws of a bird or other 
animal ; 2% inches ; a pointed piece 



of metal usually furnished with a 
head for fastening woodwork, &c. : 
v.t. to fasten with nails ; to secure 
or make certain ; to hold down tight- 
ly, as to an argument ; to expose, 
as to nail a lie. 

nainsook (nan'sook), n. a thick kind 
of muslin. 

naive (na-ev'), adj. artless; ingenu- 
ous ; unaffectedly simple, 

naxvete (na-ev-ta'), w. natural, un- 
affected simplicity or ingenuousness. 

naked (na'ked), adj. unclothed; bare; 
unarmed ; defenseless ; exposed to 
view ; plain ; without addition or 
ornament ; without glasses. 

namaycusb. (nam'a-kush), n. the 
great American trout. 

namby-pamby (nam'bi-pam'bi), adj. 
weakly sentimental or affectedly 
pretty or fine. 

name (nam), n. that by which a 
person or thing is called ; designa- 
tion ; character ; reputation ; fame ; 
authority: v.t. to give an appella- 
tion or designation to ; nominate ; 
specify ; mention by name, 

nam.eless ('les), adj. without a name; 
unknown : not fit to be mentioned. 

nam.ely ('li), adv. that is to say. 

namesake ('sak), n. one having the 
same name. 

nankeen (nan-ken'), n. a buff-coK 
ored cotton cloth, originally from] 
China. 

nap (nap), n. a short slumber; doze; 
a game at cards ; the woolly sub- 
stance on the surface of cloth ; pile ; 
downy covering of plants; top of a 
hill: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. napped, p.pr. 
napping], to doze. 

nape (nap), n. the back of the neck. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



547 



nap 



548 



nat 



napery (nap'er-i), n. tab'e-linen ; 
linen underclothing. 

uaphtlia ('tlia), n. a clear, volatile, 
inflammable, bituminous, liquid hy- 
drocarbon exuding from the earth, 
or distilled from coal-tar, &c. ; rock- 
oil. 

naplithalic (-thal'ik), adj. produced 
from naphtha. 

napkin (nap'kin), 7i. a small cloth, 
specificallj^ one used at table for 
wiping the hands, &c. 

napoleon (na-po'le-on), n. a gold 
coin formerly current in France, 
value 20 francs. 

nappy (nap'i), adj. covered with nap 
or pile ; drowsy. 

narceine (nar'se-in), qi. an alkaloid 
obtained from opium. 

Narcissus (-sis'us), n. a genus of 
ornamental bulbous plants with 
handsome fragrant flowers, includ- 
ing the daffodils. 

narcissus, n. a plant of the genus 
Narcissus. 

narcosis (-ko'sis), n. stupefaction 
from the effects of a narcotic. 

narcotic (-kot'ik), adj. producing 
coma or torpor : n. a medicine to 
alleviate pain and produce sleep, and 
in excessive doses causing death. 

narcotine ('ko-tin), n. the active 
narcotic principle of opium. 

narcotism, same as narcosis. 

nard (nilrd), n. spikenard; an aro- 
matic unguent prepared from it. 

nardine ('in), adj. pertaining to, or 
like, nard. 

narrate (nar-raf), 'V.t. to tell; re- 
cite ; give an account of ; write, as 
a story. 

narration (-ra'shun), n. the act of 
narrating; statement, written or 
verbal. 

narrative ('ra-tiv), adj. pertaining 
to narration : n. recital of a story 
or event ; tale. 

narrator (-ra'ter), n. one who nar- 
rates. 

narrow (nar'o), adj. of little breadth 
or extent ; limited ; straitened ; con- 
tracted in mind ; bigoted ; ungener- 
ous ; within a little distance : v.t. to 
lessen the breadth or extent of; 
confine or contract ; restrict : v.i. to 
become narrow ; not to take ground 



enough : said of a horse : n.pl. a 
strait or narrow passage between 
two seas. 

narwhal (nar'hwal), n. a cetaceous 
mammal allied to the whale, with a 
large projecting tusk ; the sea uni- 
corn. Also narwal, narwhale, nar- 
val. 

nasal (naz'al), adj. pertaining to, af- 
fected by, or pronounced through the 
nose : n. a letter pronounced through 
the nose. 

nascent (nas'ent), adj. beginning to 
grow or exist. 

nastily ('ti-li), adv. in a nasty man- 
ner ; filthily ; disagreeably. 

nastiness (-nes), n. the quality or 
state of being nasty. 

Nasturtium (-ter'shi-um), n. a ge- 
nus of plants, including the water- 
cresses. 

nasturtium, n. a plant of the gera- 
nium family, having aromatic flow- 
er-buds. 

nasty ('ti), adj. [comp. nastier, sw- 
perl. nastiest], dirty; nauseous; fil- 
thy ; obscene ; foul ; serious. 

natal (na'tal), adj. pertaining to 
one's birth or birthday ; indigenous. 

natant ('tant), adj. swimming; in 
heraldry, floating on the surface : 
said of fish. 

natation (-ta'shun), n. the act or 
art of swimming. 

natatorial (na-ta-to'ri-al), adj. 
swimming, or adapted for swim- 
ming. Also natatory. 

nation (na'shun), n. the inhabitants 
of one country or united under the 
same government ; people ethnolog- 
ically or linguistically allied. 

national (nash'un-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to a nation ; public ; general ; 
attached to one's country. 

nationalism _(-al-izm), n. the state 
of being national ; national idiom, 
characteristic, or independence. 

nationality ('i-ti), n. national char- 
acter ; patriotism ; nation. 

Mationalize (-al-iz), v.t. to render 
national. 

nationally (-li), adv. as a nation. 

native (na'tiv), adj. pertaining to 
the time and place of birth ; pro- 
duced by nature ; not acquired ; in- 
nate : n. one who is born in a cer- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon^ 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



nat 



549 



tain country or place ; an oyster cul- 
tivated artificially. 

nativism. (-izm), n. in philosophy, 
the doctrine of innate ideas ; the ad- 
vocacy of the claim of natives, as 
opposed to that of naturalized citi- 
zens. 

nativity (-tiv'i-ti), n. time, place, 
and manner of birth ; astrological 
representation of the position of the 
heavenly bodies at the time of one's 
birth. 

Nativity, n. the birth of Christ (with 
the). 

natrolite (na'tro-lit), n. a hydrated 
silicate of aluminum and soda. 

natron ('tron), n. native carbonate 
of soda. 

natterjack (nat'er-jak), n. the yel- 
low-backed rush toad, remarkable 
for its deep voice. 

nattily ('i-li), adv. tidily; neatly. 

nattiness ('i-nes), n. the quality of 
being natty. 

natty ('i), adj. tidy; neat; smart. 

natural (nat'ti-ral), adj. pertaining 
to, produced by, or in the course of, 
nature ; inborn ; not artificial ; oc- 
curring in the ordinary course of 
things ; treating of mind and mat- 
ter ; not revealed, as religion ; true 
to life ; unassumed ; affectionate by 
nature ; illegitimate ; unconverted ; 
according to the usual diatonic 
scale of C [Music] : n. an idiot ; a 
sign ( bj ) used to correct the pre- 
vious power of a sharp or flat [Mu- 
sic]. 

natural history (his'to-ri), n. the 
scientific description of the ea'rth 
and its various productions, espe- 
cially the animal kingdom. 

naturalize (-iz), v.t. to make natu- 
ral; acclimatize; invest (a foreign- 
er) with the privileges of a natural- 
born citizen or subject. 

naturalism (-izm), n. mere state of 
nature ; natural religion ; the denial 
of supernatural interference with 
natural laws. 

naturalist (-ist), n. one skilled in 
natural history ; one who believes in 
naturalism. 

naturalistic (-is'tik), adj. realistic. 

naturalization (-i-za'shun), n. the 
act of investing a foreigner with 



the rights and privileges of a natu- 
ral-born citizen. 

naturally (-li), adv. according to 
nature ; spontaneously. 

naturalness (-nes), n. the state of 
being natural ; conformity to truth 
or reality. 

nature (na'cher or nat'ur), n. the 
universe ; essential qualities ; spe- 
cies ; natural order of things ; con- 
stitution ; personal character or 
natural disposition ; natural affec- 
tion ; nudity. 

naught (nawt), n. nothing: adj. 
worthless : adv. in no degree. 

naughtily ('i-li), adv. in a naughty 
manner. 

naughtiness ('i-nes), w. the state of 
being naughty ; misbehavior. 

naughty ('i), adj. bad; perverse or 
mischievous. 

nausea ('shi-a), n. a strong sensa- 
tion of sickness ; sea-sickness ; loath- 
ing or disgust. 

nauseate ('shi-at), v.t. to affect with 
nausea ; loathe : v.i. to feel disgust ; 
be inclined to vomit. 

nauseation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
nauseating ; the state of being nau- 
seated. 

nauseous ('shus), adj. loathsome; 
abhorrent. 

nautch (nawch), n. in India, a dance 
performed by girls ; dancing exhibi- 
tion. 

nautical (naw'ti-k&l), adj. pertain- 
ing to ships, sailors, or navigation ; 
maritime. Also nautic. 

nautically (-li), 'adv. in a nautical 
manner. 

nautilus ('ti-lus), n. [pi. nautili], 
any member of a genus of cephalo- 
pods, including those furnished with 
a chambered spinal univalve shell ; 
a kind of diving-bell. 

naval (na'val), adj. pertaining to 
ships or a navy ; consisting of ships ; 
maritime. 

nave (nav), n. the middle or body of 
a church, extending from the chan- 
cel to the principal entrance ; the 
center of a wheel in which the 
spokes are inserted. 

navel ('el), n. the depression in the 
center of the lower part of the ab- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hte, hut ; think, then. 



aav 



550 



domen, indicating where the umbili- 
cal cord was joined to the foetus. 

navigability (nav-i-ga-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality or state of being navi- 
gable. 

xiavigalile ('i-ga-bl), adj. capable of 
being navigated. 

aavigably (-bli), adv. in a navigable 
manner. 

navigate ("i-gat), v.i. to pass on the 
water by a ship or vessel ; sail : v.t. 
to pass over in a ship or boat ; steer 
or manage in sailing. 

aiavigatioii (-ga'shun), n. the act 
of navigating ; the science of navi- 
gating ships. 

navigator ('i-ga-ter), n. one who 
navigates ; one skilled in the science 
of navigation. 

navvy (nav'i), n. a laborer employed 
in constructing railways, canals, &c. 

navy (na'vi), n. the ships of war 
belonging to a nation, or their oflS- 
cers and men. 

nay (na), adv. no; not only so, but: 
n. a refusal or denial. 

Nazarene (naz-a-ren'), n. a native of 
Nazareth : applied to Jesus Christ, 
His followers, and the early Chris- 
tians as a term of contempt; in the 
Early Church, one of a sect of Ju- 
daizing Jews. 

Nazarite ('a-rit), n. a Jew devoted 
by vow to God to a life of purity 
(Num. vi.). 

neap (nep), adj. low: applied to the 
tides which occur in the beginning 
of the second and fourth quarters of 
the moon. 

neaped ('t), adj. left aground by the 
tide : said of a ship. 

Neapolitan (ne-a-pol'i-tan), adj. per- 
taining to Naples or its inhabitants. 
.'near (ner), adj. [comp. nearer, su- 
perl. nearest], not far distant in 
time, place, or degree ; close ; inti- 
mate ; dear ; familiar ; literal ; nar- 
row ; parsimonious ; on the left 
side: adv. at a little distance; al- 
most : prep, close to : v.t. to ap- 
proach ; come near to. 

neat (net), n. cattle of the bovine 
genus : adj. pertaining to bovine ani- 
mals ; tidy ; trim and clean ; simple 
and elegant; chaste; unadulterated. 



neatsfoot ('z-foot), n. the foot of 
an ox or cow. 

neb (neb), n. a bird's beak; mouth; 
nose or snout. 

nebula ('u-lu), n. [pi. nebulae (-le)l, 
a faint misty patch of light in the 
heavens produced by groups of stars 
too remote to be. seen singly, or by 
masses of diffused gaseous matter ; a 
slight white spot on the cornea. 

nebular ('ti-lar), adj. pertaining to 
nebulae. 

nebulosity (-los'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being nebulous. 

nebulous ('ii-lus), adj. pertaining to, 
or resembling, a nebula ; cloudy ; 
hazy ; perplexed. 

necessarily (nes-e-sa'ri-li), adv. by 
necessity. 

necessariness ('e-sa-ri-nes), h. the 
state of being necessary. 

necessary ('e-sa-ri), adj. that cannot 
be otherwise ; essential ; indispensa- 
ble : n. Ipl. necessaries (-riz)l, 
things requisite. 

necessitate (ne-ses'i-tat), v.t. to 
make necessary ; compel ; render un- 
avoidable ; constrain. 

necessitous ('i-tus), adj. very poor; 
destitute ; needy. 

necessity ('i-ti), n. the state of be- 
ing necessary ; that which is un- 
avoidable ; compulsion ; extreme 
poverty : pi. things necessary for hu- 
man life. 

neck (nek), n. that part of the body 
between the head and trunk ; a long 
narrow part, as of land or a vessel. 

necklace ('las), n. a string of beads 
or ornaments, as pearls, &c., worn 
round the neck. 

uecrological (-ro-loj'i-kal), adj. per- 
taining to a register of deaths. 

necrology (-rol'o-ji), n. a register, 
or account,' of the dead. 

mecromancer ('ro-man-ser), n. one 
who practices necromancy ; a con- 
jurer. 

necromancy (-si), n. the pretended 
art of predicting future events by 
communication with the dead. 

necromantic (-man'tik), adj. per- 
taining to, or done by, necromancy. 

necropolis (-rop'o-lis), *i. a cemetery. 

necrosis (-ro'sis), n. mortification 
and death of a bone; a disease in 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, ^^en. 




irfl 



551 



nei 



plants, characterized by small black 
spots. 

nectar (nek'tar), n. in classic my- 
thology, the wine of the gods ; the 
honey of plants ; any delicious bev- 
erage. 

nectarial (-ta'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
to, containing, or like, nectar. 

xiectareous ('re-us), adj. producing, 
or sweet like, nectar. 

nectarine ('ta-rin), n. a variety of 
peach. 

nectary ('ta-ri), n. that part of a 
flower which secretes a saccharine 
fluid. Nectarium. 

nee (na), adj. by birth: often placed 
before the maiden name of a mar- 
ried woman. 

need (ned), n. necessity; urgent 
want ; exigency ; poverty : v.t. to 
want : v.i. to be necessary or want- 
ed. 

needful ('fool), adj. necessary; 
needy. 

needfully (-li), adv. necessarily. 

needle ('1), n. a small sharp-pointed 
steel instrument furnished with an 
eye to hold thread ; anything resem- 
bling a needle ; the polarized steel of 
a mariner's compass. 

needle-gun (-gun), n. a breech-load- 
ing gun, the cartridge of which is 
exploded by a needle. 

needs (nedz), adv. necessarily; indis- 
pensably. 

needy (ned'i), adj. very poor; neces- 
sitous. 

ne*er (nar) , adv. contraction of never. 

nefarious (ne-far'i-us), adj. ex- 
tremely wicked ; vile ; infamous. 

negation ( ne-ga'shun ) , n. denial ; ab- 
sence of certain qualities. 

negative (neg'a-tiv), adj. implying 
negation ; denying ; refusing ; having 
the power of veto ; noting a quantity 
to be subtracted : n. a proposition 
by which something is denied ; a 
word expressing denial ; right of 
veto ; a photograph in which the 
lights and shades of the object are 
the opposite of those in nature : v.t. 
to prove the contrary of ; dismiss 
or reject by vote. 

negatively (-11), adv. in a negative 
manner. 

neglect (-lekt'), »*• omission; habit- 



ual negligence ; disregard ; careless- 
ness : v.t. to omit by carelessness or 
design ; slight ; disregard. 

neglectful ('fool), adj. indicating, 
or accustomed to, neglect ; careless. 

neglectfully (-li), adv.' witYx neg- 
lect. 

negligee (-li-zha'), n. a loosely fit- 
ting dress or gown ; easy and un- 
ceremonious dress in general : adj. 
carelessly arranged or attired. 

negligence ('li-jens), n. careless- 
ness. 

negligent ('li-jent), adj. careless. 

negligible ('li-ji-bl), adj. that may 
be neglected ; of little account or 
value. 

negotiate (ne-go'shi-at), v.i. to treat 
with others in business or private 
affairs ; hold intercourse respecting 
a treaty, &c, : v.t. to conclude by 
treaty, bargain, or agreement ; sell. 

negotiability (-go-shi-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being negotiable. 

negotiable ('shi-a-bl), adj. capablt 
of being negotiated, transferred, or 
exchanged. 

negotiation (-a'shun), n. the act o^ 
negotiating or transacting business; 
treaty. 

negotiator ('shi-a-ter), n. one who 
negotiates. 

negotiatory (-to-ri), adj. pertaining 
to negotiation. 

negrillo (ne-griro), »i. a young negro. 

Negrito (-gre'to), n. one of a diminu- 
tive negro-like race of the Malay 
Archipelago. 

negro ('gro),**. [pi. negroes ('groz)], 
an African black. Fern, negress : 
adj. pertaining to, or characteristic 
of, negroes. 

negroid ('groid), adj. of the negro 
type. 

negus Cgus), n. a beverage of hot 
water and wine, sweetened and 
spiced. 

Negus, n. the title of the ruler of 
Abyssinia. 

neigli (na), V.i. to utter the cry, or 
whinny, of a horse: n. the cry of 
a horse. 

neighbor (na'ber), n. one who dwells 
near to another ; an intimate : adj, 
near to another ; adjacent : v.t. to 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, *^en. 



aei 



552 



nes 



adjoin : v.i. to be neighborly or 
friendly. 

Xkeighlsorhood (-hood), n. adjacent 
district ; vicinity ; the state of be- 
ing neighbors. 

neighboring (-ing), adj. living or 
being near. 

ueighborliness ('ber-li-nes), n. the 
state of being neighborly. 

meigliborly (-li), adj. like, or be- 
coming, a neighbor ; social ; civil ; 
friendly : adv. in the manner of a 
neighbor. 

neighing ('ing), n. the cry of a 
horse. 

neither (ne' or ni'ther), pron. & 
conj. not either. 

Nem%an (nem-e'an), adj. pertaining 
to Nemsea, or to the ancient games 
held by the Greeks at Nemsea. 

nemesis ('e-sis), n. retributive ven- 
geance : from Nemesis, the avenging 
deity of the Greeks. 

neo, a prefix meaning new, young, re- 
cent, as neoplastic, recently formed. 

neodymium (ne-o-dim'i-um), n. a 
metallic element found in cerite. 

Neolithic (-o-lith'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or characteristic of, the later or 
polished Stone Age. 

neologian, same as neologist. 

neologism (-ol'o-jizm), n. a new 
word or phrase introduced into a 
language ; new religious doctrines. 

neologist ('6-jist), n. an innovator 
in language or religion, especially 
one who holds doctrinal views op- 
posed to the orthodox interpretation 
of revealed religion. 

neologize (-jiz), v.i. to introduce 
new words, phrases, or religious doc- 
trines. 

neology (-ol'o-ji), n. neologism; doc- 
trines or rationalistic theological in- 
terpretation at variance with ortho- 
dox belief. 

neon (ne'on), n. a recently discovered 
element existing in atmospheric air. 

meontology (-tol'o-ji), n. the scien- 
tific study of existing species. 

neophyte ('o-fit), n. a novice; one 
recently baptized ; a convert : adj. 
recently entered. 

neoplasm ('o-plazm),w. tissue growth 
more or less distinct from that in 
which it occurs. 



neoplastic (-plas'tik), adj. newly 
formed. 

neoplastic ('o-plas-ti), n. the restor- 
ation of tissue by granulation, or 
autoplasty. 

neoteric (-o-ter'ik), adj. recent in 
origin. 

nep (nep), n. catmint. 

nepenthe (ne-pen'the) , n. a drug sup- 
posed by the ancient Greeks to have 
the power of causing forgetfulness 
of sorrow. 

nephe-w (nev'ti), n. the son of a 
brother or sister. 

nephritis (ne-fri'tis), n. inflamma- 
tion of the kidneys. 

neoptism (nep'o-tizm), n. a prefer- 
ence shown in bestowing patronage 
to one's relatives in the church or 
public service. 

Neptunian (nep-tun'i-an), adj. per- 
taining to the classic deity Neptune, 
or to the sea ; deposited by the 
agency of the sea. 

Nereid (ne're-id), n. a sea nymph. 

neroli (ner'o-le), n. the essential oil 
of orange flowers. 

nervation (-va'shun), n. arrange- 
ment of nerves. 

nerve (nerv) , n. one of the grey fibers 
which convey sensation from all 
parts of the body to the brain and 
originate motion ; tendon ; sinew ; 
strength ; manliness ; the strong 
vein of a leaf : v.t. to invigorate or 
strengthen. 

nervine (ner'vin), n. a tonic for the 
nerves. 

nervous (Vus), adj. pertaining to, 
or composed of, nerves ; having weak 
nerves ; easily agitated ; vigorous in 
style. 

nest (nest), n. the bed or dwelling 
chosen by a bird for incubation, and 
the rearing of its young; the place 
where eggs are laid and hatched ; 
a cozy residence ; a number of boxes 
one fitting inside another : v.i. to 
build and occupy a nest. 

nest-egg ('eg), n. sen egg left in a 
nest to keep the hen from forsaking 
it ; money forming a nucleus. 

nestle (nes'l), v.i. to lie close and 
snug ; take shelter : v.t. to cherish. 

nestling ('ling), n. a young bird in 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon^ 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then^ 



net 



553 



ncMf 



the nest or just taken from it : adj. 
recently hatched. 

aiet (net), n. an instrument of twine 
knotted into meshes for catching 
birds, fish, &c. ; anything resembling 
or made like a net ; a snare : adj. 
clear of all charges or deductions : 
opposed to gross : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
netted, p.pr. netting], to make into 
a net or network ; take with a net ; 
snare ; produce as clear profit : v.i. 
to form network. 

netliei* (neth'er), adj. lying beneath; 
lower ; belonging to the regions be- 
low. 

nettle (net'l), n. a stinging plant of 
the genus Urtica : v.t. to provoke or 
irritate. 

nettlerash (-rash), n. a. cutaneous 
eruption resembling the effects of a 
nettle sting. 

neural (nti'ral), adj. pertaining to 
the nerves. 

neuralgia (-ral'ji-a), n. acute pain 
in a nerve. 

neuralgic ('jik), adj. pertaining to 
neuralgia. 

neurastlienia (-ras-the'ni-a), n. 
brain and nerve exhaustion, as from 
influenza, &c. 

neuration (-ra'shun), n. the vena- 
tion of the wings of an insect ; nerve 
distribution. 

neurilennma (-ri-lem'a), n. the 
fibrous sheath of a nerve. 

neurine ('rin), n. nerve matter. 
Also neurin. 

neuritis (-ri'tis), n. inflammation of 
a nerve. 

neuro, a prefix meaning nerve, as 
wewrography, a treatise on the 
nerves. 

neuroglia (-rog'li-a), n. the delicate 
connective tissue between the nerve- 
fibers of the brain and spinal cord. 

neurology (-rol'd-ji), n. a scientific 
description of the nerves. 

neuroma (-ro'^a), n. a fibrous tu- 
mor occurring in a nerve trunk. 

neuropathic (-path'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or suffering from, nervous 
disease ; affecting the nerves. 

neurosis (-ro'sis), n. nervous dis- 
ease. 

neurotic (-rot'ik) , adj. pertaining to, 
seated in, or affecting, the nerves ; 



characterized by a morbid hysteri- 
cal style : n. a nerve tonic. 

neurotomy ('o-mi), n. dissection of 
the nerves. 

neuter ('ter), adj. of neither sex; in- 
transitive : n. a flower having nei-^ 
ther pistil nor stamens ; a sterile 
sexless insect, especially the work- 
ing bee. 

neutral ('tral), adj. unbiased; in- 

• different ; taking no part on either 
side in a contest ; neither very good 
nor very bad ; neither acid nor al- 
kaline : said of chemical salts. 

neutrality ('i-ti), n. the state of 
being neutral. 

neutralize ('tral-iz), v.t. to make 
neutral ; render inactive. 

neutrally ('tral-i), adv. in a neutral 
manner. 

neutral tint (tint), n. a dull grey. 

neve (na-va'), n. the granular com- 
pressed snow which forms glacier 
ice. 

never (nev'er), adv. not at any time; 
in no degree. 

nevertheless (-#7ie-les'), adv. not- 
withstanding ; in spite of that. 

new (nu), adj. recent in origin; mod- 
ern ; novel ; lately made, produced, 
invented, or discovered ; recently 
entered upon or commenced ; not 
previously used ; fresh. 

newel ('el), n. in a winding stair- 
case, the central upright pillar 
around which the steps turn. 

new-fangled (-fang'gld), adj. new- 
fashioned, 

Newfoundland (-found'land), n. a 
large variety of dog, originally from 
Newfoundland. 

news (nuz), n. recent intelligence; 
tidings. 

newspaper ('pa-per), n. a paper 
published periodically, usually daily 
or weekly, containing the most re- 
cent intelligence. 

new style (stil), n. the Gregorian or 
present style of computing the cal- 
endar : opposed to the former or 
Julian method. 

•newt (nut), w.an eft; salamander. 

Newtonian (nu-to'ni-an), adj. per- 
taining to, discovered by, or invented 
by. Sir Isaac Newton, the pMloso^ 
p'her, or to his system. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; booiif 
book; hue, hut; think, th^n. 



next 



554 



nin 



next (nekst), adj. [superl. of nigh], 
nearest in time, place, degree, or 
rank : adv. immediately succeeding. 

xiexus (neks'us), n. a connection or 
tie. 

siib (nib), n. a bird's beak; the point 
of anything, especially a pen. 

nibbed ('d), adj. furnished with a 
nib. 

nibble ('1), v.t. & v.i. to bite by little 
at a time ; continue to bite at gently 
and quickly, as a fish : n. a small 
bite; a seizing to bite. 

niblick (nib'lik), n. a heavy iron 
round-headed golf club. 

nicolite (nik'o-lit), n. arsenical nickel 
ore. 

nice (nis), adj. fastidious; precise; 
squeamish ; minutely discriminative : 
delicate ; refined ; socially agreeable ; 
pleasing to the palate ; scrupulously 
exact. 

nicely ('li), adv. in a nice manner. 

niceness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being nice ; delicacy of per- 
ception or touch. 

nicety ('e-ti), n. delicate manage- 
ment ; fastidious delicacy ; preci- 
sion ; minute accuracy : pi. table 
delicacies. 

niche (nich), n. a recess in a vrall 
for a statue. 

Nick (nik), n. an evil water spirit: 
the Devil (with old). 

nick (nik), n. exact or critical point 
of time ; winning throw at dice : v.t. 
to cut in nicks or notches ; touch at 
the lucky moment ; cheat ; steal. 

nickel ('el), n. a greyish-white duc- 
tile metal ; a five-cent coin, made of 
nickel and copper alloy. 

nickel-green (-gren), n. the apple- 
green colored arseniate of nickel. 

nickel-silver (-sil'ver), n. an alloy 
of nickel, copper, and zinc. 

nickname ('nam), n. a name given 
in derision or familiarity : v.t. to 
give a nickname to; call by an op- 
probrious name. 

nicotine ('o-tin), n. an acrid, poi- 
sonous alkaloid extracted from to- 
bacco. Also nicotin. 

nidge (nij), v.t. to dress (stones) 
with a pick. 

nidification (nid-i-fi-ka'shun), n. the 



act of building a nest, rearing young, 
&c. 

nidus (ni'dus), n. a nest or hatching 
place. 

niece (nes), n. the daughter of a 
brother or sister. 

niello (ni-el'o), n. a kind of orna- 
mental engraving on brass, &c. 

niggard (nig'ard), adj. meanly cov- 
etous ; parsimonious ; miserly. Also 
niggardly ; oi. one who is meanly 
covetous ; a miser. 

niggardliness (-li-nes), n. the state 
of being niggardly ; stinginess. 

niggardly (-li), adv. like a niggard. 

nigh (ni), adj. near in time or place; 
adjacent ; closely allied by blood or 
friendship : adv. near ; almost : prep. 
near to. 

nighness ('nes), n. nearness; prox- 
imity. 

night (nit), n. the time from sunset 
to sunrise ; period of darkness ; 
death ; intellectual or moral dark- 
ness. 

nightingale ('in-gal), n. a small 
bird which sings with a sweet note 
at night ; philomel. 

nightmare ('mar}, n. a dreadful 
dream accompanied with oppres- 
sion on the chest and a feeling of 
helplessness ; an incubus. 

nihilism (ni'hil-izm), n. scepticism 
which denies that anything, even ex- 
istence, can be known ; an extreme 
socialist movement in Russia to 
destroy existing institutions and 
found a new order of things, with 
communistic rights of land and 
property. 

nihilist (-ist), n. a supporter of ni- 
hilism. 

nihilistic ('ik), adj. pertaining to 
nihilism. 

nil (nil), n. nothing [Latin]. 

nimble (nim'bl), adj. quick and ac- 
tive ; alert ; lively ; brisk. 

nimbus (nim'bus), n. in art, the 
halo or cloud of light surrounding 
the heads of divinities, saints, and 
sovereigns ; a rain-cloud; 

nine (mn), adj. containing one more 
than eight : n. the sum of 1 and 8. 

ninefold ('fold), adj. nine times re- 
peated. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, *7ien. 







1 

i ii 












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Jl 


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Ei^H^B-' 




mjll||l 


jBil 


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Copyright, Under WLud \ 'Liidcrwoud. 



Panoramic View of New York fi 




iattery to the Municipal Building 



nin 



555 



noli 



ninepins ('pinz), n.pl. a game in 
which nine pins or pegs of wood are 
set up to be bowled at with wooden 
bowls or balls. 

nineteen ('ten), adj. consisting of 9 
and 10 : n. the sum of 9 and 10. 

nineteenth ('tenth), adj. being one 
of 19 equal parts : n. a nineteenth 
part. 

ninetieth, ('ti-eth), adj. next after 
89th : n. a ninetieth part. 

ninety ('ti), adj. containing 9 ten 
times : n. the number containing 9 
times 10; the symbol (xc. 90) ex- 
pressing such a number. 

ninny (nin'i), n, a simpleton. 

ninth (nin'th), adj. the ordinal of 9: 
11. one of 9 equal parts. 

niobite (ni'o-bit), n. a black min- 
eral. 

niobium ('bi-um), n. a metallic ele- 
ment present in niobite. 

nip (nip), n. a pinch, as with the 
nails or teeth ; a blast as by cold ; 
a small drink of spirits : n.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. nipped, p.pr. nipping], to pinch ; 
cut off the end of ; check the growth 
or vigor of, especially by frost ; blast 
or destroy. 

nipper ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, nips ; one of the four fore- 
teeth of a horse ; a small boy : pi. 
small pincers. 

nippingly ('ing-li), adv. keenly. 

nipple (nip'l), n. that part of the 
breast of a woman from which milk 
is drawn by a child : a teat. 



Nirvana ( ner-va'na ) , 



Bud- 



dhism, the highest religious state, 
when all desire of existence and 
worldly good is extinguished, and 
the soul is absorbed into the Deity. 

nit (nit), n. the egg of any small in- 
sect. 

niter, nitre (ni'ter), n. nitrate of 
potash or saltpeter. 

nitrate (ni'trat), n. a salt of nitric 
acid. 

nitrate of silver (sil'ver), n. silver 
dissolved in nitric acid. 

nitrated ('tra-ted), adj. combined 
with nitric acid. 

nitre, see niter. 

nitric ('trik), adj. contained in nitro- 
gen. 



nitric acid (as'id), n. a powerful 
acid, used in chemistry, the arts, 
and medicine, composed of nitro- 
gen and oxygen, obtained by the ac- 
tion of sulphuric acid upon nitrate 
of potash ; aquafortis. 

nitride ('trid), n. a compound of 
nitrogen with a metal, also with 
phosphorus, silicon, or boron. 

nitriferous (-trif'er-us), adj. pro- 
ducing niter. 

nitrification (-tri-fi-ka'shun), n. 
the process of converting into niter. 

nitrify ('tri-fi), v.t. to form into 
niter. 

nitrite ('trit), n. a salt of nitrous 
acid. 

nitro, a prefix meaning containing 
nitrogen, as nt^fro-hydrochloric acid 
or aqua regia. 

nitro-glycerine (-glis'er-in), n. a 
highly explosive, oily liquid, pre- 
pared by the action of nitric and 
sulphuric acids upon glycerine. Also 
nitro-glycerin, nitroleum. 

nitrogen (ni'tro-jen), n. a gas which, 
with argon, constitutes 4-5ths by 
volume of the atmosphere, and con- 
stitutes the basis of nitric acid. 

nitrogenize (-troj'en-iz), v.t. to im- 
pregnate with nitrogen. 

nitrogenous ('en-us), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or containing, nitrogen. 

nitrous ('trus), adj. resembling, ob- 
tained from, or impregnated with, 
niter. 

nitrous acid (as'id), n. a compound 
of four volumes of nitrogen and 
one of oxygen. 

nitrous oxide (oks'id), n. a com- 
pouitd of one volume of oxygen and 
two volumes of nitrogen ; laughing- 
gas. 

niveous (niv'e-us), adj. snow-like. 

nix (niks), n. in Teutonic mythology, 
a water-sprite; a kelpie [Scotch]. 

no (no), adv. a word of denial or 
refusal : opposed to yes : adj. none. 

nob (nob), n. a knob; the head; a 
fop. 

nobby ('i), adj. capital; spruce; 
stylish. 

nobility (no-bil'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being noble ; noble birth ; 
grandeur ; dignity ; nobles collec- 
tively. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, 'met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



nob 



556 



non 



noble (no'bl), adj. high in excellence 
or worth ; illustrious ; magnani- 
mous ; generous ; exalted in rank ; 
of ancient lineage : n. peer or noble- 
man. 

nobleman (-man), n. a peer. Fern. 
noblewoman. 

nobleness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being noble. 

nobly Cbli), adv. in a noble manner; 
of noble rank. 

nobody ('bod-i), n. no one; a per- 
son of no importance or influence. 

nocent ('sent), adj. harmful. 

nocturnal (nok-ter'nal), adj. per- 
taining to, done, or happening at, 
night. 

nocturnally (-li), adv. by or in the 
night. 

nocturne ('tern), n. a picture of a 
night scene ; a musical composition 
appropriate to the night ; a lullaby. 

nod (nod), n. a quick inclination of 
the head ; a command : v.t. [p.t, & 
p.p. nodded, p.pr. nodding], to sig- 
nify by a nod ; incline or bend : v.i. 
to give a quick forward motion of 
the head ; bend the head in token of 
assent, or as a salute ; be drowsy. 

nodal (no'dal), adj. pertaining to 
nodes. 

nodated ('da-ted), adj. knotted. 

nodder (nod'er), n. one who nods; a 
drowsy person. 

noddle ('1), n. the head. 

noddy ('i), n. sl simpleton; a sea- 
fowl. 

node (nod), n. a knot; knob; one of 
the two points at which the orbit of 
a planet intersects the ecliptic ; the 
points of the stem of a plant from 
which a leaf springs ; the plot of a 
poem or play ; a tumor of the perios- 
teum, the_ bones, or tendons. 

nodose (no'dos), adj. having knots or 
nodes. 

nodular (nod'u-ler), adj. pertaining 
to, or like, a nodule. 

nodule ('ul), n. sl little knot or ir- 
regular rounded lump. 

noggin (nog'in), n. a small cup or 
mug ; a liquid measure = 1 gill. 

nogging Cing), n. sl partition formed 
of timber scantlings filled up with 
bricks. 

noise (noiz), n. sound; clamor; out- 



cry ; frequent or public conversa- 
tion : v.t. to spread abroad by 
rumor : v.i. to sound loud. 

noisef ul ( 'fool ) , adj. clamorous ; 
loud. 

noisily ('i-li), adv. with noise. 

noisiness ('i-nes)', n. the state of 
being noisy. 

noisome (noi'sum), adj. injurious to 
health ; noxious ; disgusting. 

noisy (noiz'i), adj.inU of noise; tur- 
bulent. 

nomad (nom'ad), n. one of a tribe ' 
that wanders about in search of 
game,^ pasture, «S:c. : adj. nomadic. 

nomadic (no-mad'ik), adj. wander- 
ing ; pastoral. 

nomenclature (no'men-kla-ttir), n. 
the words, terms, or language used 
in any art or science. 

nomial ('mi-al), n. in algebra, a sin- 
gle term. 

nominal (nom'i-nal), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or containing, names ; exist- 
ing only in name. 

nominally (-li), adv. in name only. 

nominate ('i-nat), v.t. to propose 
for an office ; appoint. 

nomination (-na'shun), n. the act 
of nominating; the state of being 
nominated. 

nominative ('i-na-tiv), adj, noting 
in grammar the case of the subject : 
n. the case of the subject. 

nominator ('i-na-ter), n. one who 
nominates. 

nominee (-i-ne'), n. one who is pro- 
posed for an office. 

non, pre-fix me_aning not. 

nonage (non'aj), n. minority. 

nonagenarian (-a-jen-a'ri-an), n, a 
person 90 years old. 

nonagesimal (-jes'i-mal), adj. per- 
taining to 90, or to a nonagesimal : 
n. that point of the ecliptic which is 
highest above the horizon. ' 

nonagon ('a-gon), n. a plane figure 
with 9 sides and 9 angles. 

nonchalance (n6ng-sha-langs'), n. 
coolness; indifference [French]. 

nonchalant (-lang'), adj. cool; in- 
different. 

nondescript (non'de-skript), n. a 
person or thing that cannot be eas- 
ily described or classed : adj. abnor- 
mal : novel ; odd. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, tTiQji. 



557 



not 



I 



none (nun), adj. not any; not one; 
n. & pron. no one ; nothing. 

nonentity (non-en'ti-ti), n. [pi. non- 
entities (-tiz)], a thing not exist- 
ing; a person of no importance or 
influence. 

Xiones (nonz), n.pl. in the ancient 
Roman calendar the ninth day be- 
fore the ides, reckoned inclusively ; 
in the Roman Catholic Breviary, 
the devotional office for the ninth 
hour or 3 p. m. 

nonillion (non-il'yun), n. in the 
English system of numeration, the 
number denoted by 1 follov^ed by 54 
ciphers ; in the French system, in 
use in this country, the number de- 
noted by 1 followed by 30 ciphers. 

nonpareil (-pa-rel'), adj. without an 
equal : n. unequaled excellence ; a 
kind of printing-type (see type) ; a 
variety of apple. 

nonplus ('plus), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
nonplussed, p.pr. nonplussing], to 
throw into complete perplexity ; puz- 
zle : n. an insuperable difficulty ; 
puzzle. 

nonsense ('sens), n. language with- 
out meaning ; anything absurd : 
inter j. absurd ! 

nonsensical ( 'i-kal ) , adj. absurd ; 
unmeaning. 

nonsensically (-li), adv. absurdly. 

non seqnitnp (sek'wi-ter), n. in 
logic, a conclusion or inference 
which does not follow from the 
premises. 

nonsuit ('sut), n. the withdrawal of 
a suit during trial either voluntarily 
or by judgment of the court on the 
discovery of error or defect in the 
pleadings : v.t. to subject to a non- 
suit. 

noodle (nood'l), n. sl simpleton; a 
strip of dried dough, served in soup 
or as a baked dish. 

nook (nook), n. a small recess or se- 
cluded retreat ; a corner. 

noon (noon), n. the middle of the 
day, 12 o'clock ; height : adj. per- 
taining to noon. 

noonday ('da), adj. pertaining to 
noon, or midday : n. noon. Also 
noontide. 

noose (noos), n. a running knot 
which binds the closer the more 



tightly it is drawn : v.t. to catch or 
tie in a noose ; ensnare. 

nor (nor), conj. a negative particle 
correlative to neither or not. 

normal ('mal), adj. according to 
rule ; regular ; perpendicular. 

normal school (skool), n. a school 
for the training of teachers for 
elementary schools. 

Norman ('man), adj. pertaining to 
the Normans, Normandy, or to a 
style of architecture introduced into 
England by the Normans, character- 
ized by the rounded arch and mas- 
sive square towers. 

Norse (nors), adj. pertaining to an- 
cient Scandinavia, its language, and 
its people. 

north (north), n. one of the four 
cardinal points ; the point opposite 
to the south : adj. pertaining to, sit- 
uated in, or coming from, the north: 
adv. to the north. 

norther (nor'ther) , n. a strong gale 
which prevails in the Gulf of Mexico 
from September to March. 

northern {'them), adj. in, from, or 
towards, the north. Also northerly. 

northern lights (lits), n.pl. the 
Aurora Borealis. 

northing (north'ing), n. distance 
northward. 

Nor-wegian (nor-we'jian), adj. per- 
taining to Norway, its language, or 
inhabitants. 

nose (noz), n. the organ of smell; 
scent ; a snout ; nozzle ; anything re- 
sembling a nose: v.t. to smell or 
scent. 

nosegay ('ga), n. a bouquet. 

nosology (-sol'o-ji), n. the systemat- 
ic classification of the diseases of 
animals and plants. 

nostalgia (nos-tal'ji-a), n. home- 
sickness. 

nostril ('tril), n. one of the two 
openings in the nose. 

nostrum ('trum), n. a quack medi- 
cine. 

not (not), adv. a word expressive of 
denial or refusal. 

notahilia (no-ta-bil'i-a), n.pl. things 
worthy of note. 

notability (-ta-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. nota- 
bilities (-tiz)], a person of note; 
the quality of being notable. 



ate, arm> ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



not 



558 



notable (no'ta-bl), adj. worthy of 
notice ; memorable ; notorious ; re- 
markable ; industrious ; thrifty : w. a 
person or thing of distinction. 

notably (-bli), adv. in a notable man- 
ner. ^ 

notarial (no-ta'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or done by, a notary. 

notary ('ta-ri), n. [pi. notaries 
(-riz)], an ofBcial authorized to at- 
test deeds, protest bills of exchange, 
&c, 

notation (-ta'shun), n. the act or 
practice of recording by marks or 
symbols ; a system of signs or sym- 
bols. 

notch (noch), n. a small hollow cut; 
indentation : v.t, to cut into small 
hollows. 

note (not), n. a memorandum; repu- 
tation ; brief explanation ; short let- 
ter ; a diplomatic communication ; a 
mark or sign representing a sound ; 
the sound itself [music] ; a paper 
acknowledging a debt and promis- 
ing payment : pi. a summary of a 
speech: v.t. to make a- note of; 
mark ; show respect or attention to. 

noted ('ed), p.adj. well-known; cele- 
brated ; remarkable. 

nothing (nuth'ing), n. not any- 
thing ; a thing of no value, use, or 
importance ; a cipher : adv, in no de- 
gree. 

nothingness (-nes), n. non-exist- 
ence ; worthlessness. 

notice (no'tis), n. mental or visual 
observation ; attention ; remark ; ad- 
vice ; information ; warning ; pub- 
lic intimation ; press criticism : v.t. 
to see or observe ; regard ; attend to ; 
make remarks upon. 

noticeable (-a-bl), adj. worthy of 
observation ; remarkable. 

notification (-ti-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
act of giving notice ; notice given ; 
document by which information is 
communicated. 

notify Cti-fi), v.t, [p.t. & p.p. noti- 
fied, p.pr. notifying], to give notice 
to ; make known. 

notion ('shun), n. an idea or concep- 
tion ; opinion ; belief ; inclination ; 
a eJever contrivance. 

notional (-al), adj. pertaining to, 

Ste, arm, ask 



or conveying, a notion ; ideal ; im- 
aginary. 

notoriety (-to-rfi-ti), n. the state of 
being notorious. Also notorious- 
ness. 

notorious (-to'ri-us), adj. publicly 
known ; usually in a bad sense. 

notornis (-tor'nis), n. the gigantic 
short-winged coot of New Zealand. 

Notus (no'tus), n. the south wind. 

not'tvithstanding (-wif/i-stand'ing) , 
prep. ■ in spite of : conj. although : 
adv. however ; yet. 

nougat ( noo-gii' ) , n. a confection of 
almonds, pistachio nuts, sugar, and 
paste. 

nought, same as naught. 

noumenon (no-oo'me-non), n. \_pl. 
noumena (-na)], essence; the sub- 
stance or reality existing under the: 
phenomenal. 

noun (noun), n. the name of any 
thing : a substantive. 

nourish (nur'ish), v.t. to feed or 
bring up ; support ; maintain ; edn 
cate : v.t. to promote growth. 

nourishment (-ment), n. that which 
nourishes. 

nous (nous), n. intellect; clever com- 
mon-sense. 

novel (nov'el), adj. of recent origin 
or introduction ; new ; strange or 
unusual : ti. a fictitious tale or ro- 
mance. 

novelette (-ef), n. a short novel. 

novelist ('el-ist), n. a writer of 
novels. 

novelty ('el-ti), n. newness; some- 
thing new. 

novice ('is), n. a beginner; in the 
Roman Catholic Church, one who 
has entered a religious house but 
has not yet taken the vow. 

novitiate (no-vish'i-at), n. the state 
of a novice ; time of probation as a 
novice ; a house or retreat for 
novices. 

now (nou), adv. at the present time; 
quite recently. 

nowel ('el), n. the inner part of a. 
large loam foundry ipold. 

noivise (no'wiz), adv. not in any 
manner or degree. 

noxious (nok'shus), adj. harmful;, 
pernicious ; deadly. 



, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon,. 
book; hue, hut; think, th^n. 



noz 



559 



nur 



nozzle (noz'l), n. a projecting mouth- 
piece. 

nubbin (nub'in), n. a small or im- 
perfect ear of maize. 

nubilous (nu'bi-lus), adj. cloudy. 

nuclear ('kle-ar), adj. pertaining to, 
or connected with, a nucleus. 

nucleate ('kle-at), adj. having a nu- 
cleus. 

nucleolus ('6-lus), n. a minute body 
inside a nucleus. 

nucleus ('kle-us), n. the central mass 
around which matter accretes or 
grows ; the head of a comet. 

nudation (-da'shun), n. a making 
bare. 

nude (ntid), adj. bare; naked; in 
law, made without consideration ; 
void ; in art, the undraped body 
(with the). 

nudely ('li), adv. nakedly. 

nudeness ('nes), n. nakedness. 
Also nudity. 

nudge (nuj), v.i. to touch gently, as 
with the elbow : n. a gentle touch, as 
with the elbow. 

nudity (nti'di-ti), n. nakedness: pi. 
naked parts. 

nugatory ('ga-to-ri), adj. trifling; 
useless. 

nugget (nug'et), n. a lump or mass 
of metal, especially of gold in aurif- 
erous soil. 

nuisance (nti'sans), n. anything of- 
fensive, injurious, vexatious, or an- 
noying. 

null (nul), adj. of no legal force; 
void. 

nullification (-i-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
act of nullifying. 

nullifier ('i-fi-er), n. one who nulli- 
fies. 

nullify Ci-fi), v.t. ['p.*. & p.p. nulli- 
fied, p.pr. nullifying], to annul or 
render void. 

nullity ('i-ti), n. want of existence, 
force, or validity. 

numb (num), adj. deprived of sensa- 
tion or motion ; torpid : v.t. to be- 
numb. 

number ('ber), n. a unit; one, or 
more than one ; multitude ; one of a 
series ; a collection of things ; 
sounds distributed into harmonies ; 
poetry; meter, or verse (usually 



pi.): v.t. to count; mark with a 
number. 

numeral ( nH'mer-al ) , adj. pertain- 
ing to, consisting of, or denoting, 
number : n. a symbol or word ex- 
pressing a number. 

numerary ( 'mer-a-ri ) , adj. belong- 
ing to a certain number. 

numerate (-at), v.t. to reckon or 
enumerate ; point or read, as fig- 
ures. 

numeration (-a'shun), n. the act or 
art of numbering, or of reading and 
writing numbers. 

numerator ('mer-a-ter), n. one who 
numbers ; the figure or figures above 
the line in fractions which indicate 
how many parts of a unit are taken. 

numerous ('mer-us), adj. consisting 
of a great number. 

numismatic (-mis-mat'ik), adj. per- 
taining to coins or medals : n.pl. the 
science and study of coins and med- 
als. Also numismatology. 

numismatist ('ma-tist), n. one 
skilled in numismatics. Also numis- 
matologist. 

numskull ('skul), n. & blockhead. 

nun (nun), 7i. a female devoted to a 
religious life and seclusion under a 
vow of chastity ; a variety of pig- 
eon ; the blue titmouse. 

nuncio ('shi-o), n. a papal ambas- 
sador. 

nuncupative (nung'ku-pa-tiv), adj. 
verbal ; nominal. Also nuncupatory. 

nunnery (nun'er-i), n. \_pl. nunner- 
ies (-iz)], a religious house for 
nuns. 

nuptial (nup'shal), adj. pertaining 
to, or constituting, marriage : n.pl. 
a marriage ; marriage ceremony. 

nurse (ners), n. a woman who has 
the care of infants, or of the child 
of another person ; one who tends 
the sick or infirm; one who, or that 
which, protects or fosters : v.t. to 
tend or suckle, as an infant ; bring 
up ; tend in sickness ; promote ; 
economize. 

nursery ('er-i)» n. [pi. nurseries 
( -iz ) ] , an apartment for young chil- 
dren ; a place or garden for rear- 
ing young plants ; a race for two- 
year-old horses. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



nur 



560 



nym 



nursling ('ling)_, n. an infant. 

nurture (ner'tur), n. that wliich 
nourishes ; diet ; food ; education : 
v.t. to bring up ; educate ; nourish. 

nut (nut), n. the fruit of certain 
trees, containing a kernel inclosed 
in a hard shell ; a piece of metal 
grooved for screwing on to the end 
of a bolt : v.i. Ip.t. & p.p. nutted, 
p.pr. nutting], to gather nuts, 

nutant (nu'tant), adj, having the top 
bent downward. 

nutation (-ta'shun), n. the periodic- 
al vibratory movement of the axis 
of the earth. 

nutmeg (nut'meg), n. the aromatic 
kernel of the fruit of an East In- 
dian tree. 

nutria (nu-tri-a), n, the commercial 
name for the fur or skin of the 
coypou. 

nutrient ('tri-ent), adj. promoting 
growth. 

nutriment ('tri-ment), n. nourish- 
ment. 

nutrition (-trish'un), w. .that which 
nourishes; food; the action of pro- 



moting growth or repairing waste in 
organic bodies. 

nutritious ('us), adj. affording nu- 
trition. 

nutritive ('tri-tiv), adj. pertaining 
to, or having the quality of, nutri- 
tion. 

nutritively (-li), adv. by nutrition. 

nutty (nut'i), adj. abounding in, or 
tasting like, nuts. 

nnx vomica (nuks vom'i-ka), n. the 
fruit of an East Indian plant 
{Strychnos Nux vomica) which 
yields the deadly poison strychnine. 

nuzzle ('1), v.t. to root up with the 
nose, as swine : v.i. to nestle. 

nye (ni), n. a brood of pheasants. 

nylghau (nil'gaw), n. a large In- 
dian antelope. Also nylgau. 

nymph (nimf), n. in classic myth- 
ology, a goddess of nature inhabit- 
ing the mountains, woods, streams, 
&c. ; a light, handsome, graceful 
young woman. 

nympha (nim'fa), n. the pupa or 
chrysalis of an insect. 

nymphomania (-fo-ma'ni-a), ». 
erotic insanity in females. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




O (o), inter j. an exclamation of won- 
der, pain, &c. : n. [pi. o's (-oz)], a 
ring, cipher, or naught. 

oadal (o'a-dal), n. a tree of the cola- 
nut family. 

oaf (of), n. a changeling; dolt. 

oafish, ('ish), adj. simple; silly; dolt- 
ish. 

oak (ok), n. a tree of many species, 
especially the common oak (Quercus 
roiur), valued for its timber. 

oak-apple ('ap-1), n. a spongy ex- 
crescence growing on the leaves or 
young branches of the oak. 

oaken ('en), adj. made of, or con- 
sisting of, oak. 

oakum ('um), n. old ropes untwisted 
and pulled into loose hemp. 

oar (or), n. a light pole with a broad 
blade, for rowing a boat : v.t. & v.i. 
to row, 

oasis (o-a'sis), n. [pi. oases ('sez)], 
a fertile spot in a barren sandy 
desert. 

oast (ost), n. a kiln for drying hops 
or barley. 

oat (ot), n. a grassy plant of the 
genus Avena, the grain of which is 
used as food [usually in pi.} 

oaten (_'en). adj. made of oats. 

oatk (6th), n. a solemn declaration 
of truth-telling with an appeal to 
God as witness. 

ob, a prefix meaning "before, against, 
towards, in front of, reversed. 

obbligato (ob-li-ga'to), n an indis- 
pensable instrumental part or ac- 
companiment written especially for 
the instrument named [music]. 

obduracy ('du-ra-si), n. obdurate 
conduct or quality. 

obdurate ('du-rat), adj. hardened in 



heart or feelings, especially against 
moral influence. 

obdurately (-li), adv. stubbornly. 

obdurateness (-nes), n. the quality 
or state of being obdurate. 

obedience (o-be'di-ens), n. submis- 
sion to authority ; dutifulness. 

obedient ('di-ent), adj. submissive 
to authority ; dutiful. 

obeisance (-ba'sans), n. a bow or 
curtsey ; act of reverence. 

obelisk (ob'e-lisk), n. a lofty, four- 
sided stone pillar gradually tapering 
as it rises, and terminating in a 
pyramidal top ; a reference mark 

obelus ('e-lus), n. sl mark ( — or -f- 
or t) used in old MSS. to indicate a 
doubtful or spurious reading ; in 
modern writing, a break ( — ). 

obese (o-bes'), adj. corpulent. 

obesity (-bes'i-ti), n. excessive corpu- 
lence, especially of an unhealthy 
kind. Also obeseness. 

obey (-ba'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. obeyed, 
p.pr. obeying], to submit to the rule 
or authority of ; comply with^ the 
orders or instructions of : v.i. to 
yield ; do as bidden. 

obfuscate (ob-fus'kat), v.t. to be- 
wilder. 

obi (o'bi), n. among the West Indian 
natives and negroes of Africa a sys- 
tem of secret sorcery or magical 
rites ; a charm ; a kind of sash worn 
by Japanese women. 

obituary (o-bit'ii-a-ri), n. [pi. obit- 
uaries (-riz)], a register of deaths; 
an account of a deceased person: 
adj. pertaining to, or recording, 
deaths. 

object (ob-jekf) , v.t. to urge against ; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

561 



obj 



562 



obs 



oppose : v.i. to make objections : n. 
(ob'jekt) anything placed before 
the mind or senses ; motive ; end ; 
aim. 

object-glass ('ject-glas), n. the lens 
of a microscope or telescope nearest 
to the object to be observed and 
forming the image. 

objection (-jek'shun), n. the act of 
objecting ; adverse reason ; diflBculty 
raised. 

objectionable (-a-bl), adj. liable or 
open to objection ; reprehensible. 

objective ('tiv), adj. pertaining to 
an object ; external to the mind ; in 
grammar, noting the case v^hich fol- 
lows a transitive verb or a preposi- 
tion and is governed by it : n. the 
accusative case ; an objective point. 

objectively (-li), adv. in an objec- 
tive manner. 

objectivism ('tiv-izm), n. the philo- 
sophical doctrine that the knowledge 
of the non-ego is anterior to that of 
the ego ; in art and literature, the 
representation of persons and in- 
cidents as they really appear. 

objectivity ('i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being objective. Also ob- 
jectiveness. 

objurgate (-jer'gat), v.t. to chide or 
reprove. 

objurgation (-ga'shun), n. reproof. 

objurgatory ('ga-to-ri), adj. con- 
taining reproof or censure. 

oblate (-lat'), adj. depressed or flat- 
tened at the poles ; orange-shaped ; 
in the Roman Catholic Church, not- 
ing a secular priest who has devoted 
himself and his property to the mon- 
astery he has entered. 

oblation (-la'shun), n. an offering or 
sacrifice ; anything presented in re- 
ligious worship. 

obligation (-li-ga'shun), n. the bind- 
ing power of a vow, promise, or 
contract ; the state of being indebted 
for a favor ; in law, a bond to 
which a penalty is annexed on fail- 
ure of due performance. 

oblie:atory (ob'li-ga-to-ri), adj. mor- 
ally or legally binding. 

oblige (o-blij'), v.t. to constrain by 
force, morally, legally, or physically ; 
bind by some favor or kindness 
rendered ; render a favor to ; gratify. 



obligee (ob-li-je'), n. one to whom a 
bond is given, 

obliging (o-bllj'ing), p.adj. complai- 
sant ; civil or courteous. 

obliger ('er), n. one who obliges. 

obligor (ob'li-gor), n. one who is 
bound by a bond. 

oblique (-lek'), adj. deviating from 
a right line ; not parallel ; not di- 
rect or straightforward. 

oblique angle (ang'gl), n. an angle 
greater or less than a right angle. 

oblique case (kas), n. in grammar, 
any case except the nominative. 

obliquely ('li), adv. in an oblique 
manner or direction. 

obliqueness ('nes), n. the state or 
quality of being oblique ; slanting 
direction ; moral error. Also obliq- 
uity. 

obliterate (-lit'er-at), v.t. to efface 
or wear out ; destroy by the effects 
of time or other means. 

obliteration (-a'shun), n. the act of 
obliterating ; effacement. 

oblivion (-liv'i-un), n. the state of 
being blotted out from memory ; for- 
getfulness. 

oblivions ('i-us), adj. forgetful. 

oblong ('long), adj. longer than 
broad : n. a geometrical figure of 
such shape. _ 

obloquy ('lo-kwi), n. reproachful 
language ; calumny ; slander ; re- 
proach. 

obnoxious (-nok'shus), adj. deserv- 
ing of censure or disapproval ; hate- 
ful; offensive; unpopular. 

oboe (o'bo-e), n. a musical wind in- 
strument of the reed class ; hautboy ; 
an organ stop. 

obolus (ob'o-lus), 11. an ancient 
Greek coin, value 1^/4 farthings ; an 
Attic weight = l-6th of a drachma. 

obovate (-6'vat), adj. inversely ovate. 

obscene (-sen'), adj. offensive to 
chastity ; impure in language or ac- 
tion ; indecent ; filthy. 

obscenely ('li), adv. in an obscene 
manner. 

obsceneness ('nes), n. impurity in 
language or action ; indecency. Also 
obscenity. 

obscure (-skur'), adj. without light 
or distinctness ; dark ; not easily un- 
derstood ; illegible ; secluded ; hum- 



' 



ate, arm, ask, 'at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, Dot; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



obs 



563 



obv 



ble : v.t. to darken or dim ; dis- 
guise ; render less visible or intel- 
ligible ; tarnish ; make mean. 

obscurely ('li), adv. in an obscure 
manner. 

■obscureness ('nes), n, the state or 
quality of being obscure. Also 
obscurity. 

obsecrate ('se-krat), v.t. to implore. 

obsecration (-kra'shun), n. en- 
treaty. 

obsequies ('se-kwiz), n.pl. funeral 
rites. 

obsequious (-se'kwi-us) , adj. servile ; 
compliant to excess. 

observable (-zer'va-bl) , adj. capable 
of being observed ; worthy of obser- 
vation ; remarkable. 

observably (-bli), adv. remarkably. 

observance ('vans), n. the act of oJa- 
serving ; performance of rites ; rule 
of practice. 

observant ( 'vant) , adj. taking 
notice ; attentive'; mindful. 

observation (-va'shun), n. the act of 
observing ; attention ; that which is 
observed ; remark ; note. 

observational ('shun-al), adj. con- 
sisting of, or containing, observa- 
tions. 

observatory ('va-to-ri), n. [pi. ob- 
servatories (-riz)], a building fitted 
up for astronomical research. 

observe (-zerv'), v.t. to keep in view ; 
take notice of ; celebrate ; practice 
ceremonially ; mention : v.i. to make 
observations. 

observing ('ing), p.adj. giving par- 
ticular attention to. Also observant. 

obsidian (-sid'i-an), n. volcanic 
larva of a glassy appearance. 

obsolescence (-so-les'ens), n. the 
state of becoming obsolete. 

obsolescent Cent), adj. becoming ob- 
solete. 

obsolete ('so-let), adj. gone out of 
date ; disused ; imperfectly developed. 

obsoleteness (-nes), n. the state of 
being obsolete ; indistinctness. 

obsteric (-stet'rik), adj. pertaining 
to midwifery : n.pl. the science of 
midwifery. 

obstetrician (-ste-trish'an), n. an 
accoucheur. 

obstinacy ('sti-na-si), n. the state or 



quality of being obstinate; stub- 
bornness. Also obstinateness. 

obstinate ('sti-nat), adj. perti- 
naciously adhering to one's opinion 
or purpose ; stubborn. 

obstinately (-li), adv. in an obsti- 
nate manner. 

obstreperous ( -strep 'er-us), adj. 
clamorously noisy ; turbulent. 

obstruct (-strukt'), v.t. to block up 
or impede ; hinder from passing ; in- 
terrupt. 

obstruction (-struk'shun), n. an im- 
pediment. 

obstructionist (-ist), n. a member 
of a legislative assembly who makes 
use of its rules to deliberately hinder 
the progress of public business. 

obstructive ('tiv), adj. causing ob- 
struction. 

obtain (-tan'), v.t. to get possession 
of ; gain ; acquire ; win ; procure : 
v.i. to be established in practice or 
use.. 

obtainment ('ment), n. the act of 
obtaining. 

obtrude (-trood'), v.t. to thrust in or 
upon ; urge or offer with unreason- 
able importunity : v.i. to enter un- 
invited. 

obtrusion (-troo'zhun), n. the act ot 
obtruding. 

obtrusive ('siv), adj. inclined or 
apt to intrude. 

obtrusively (-li), adv. by way of 
obtrusion. 

obtuse (-tus'), adj. not pointed or 
acute ; greater than a right angle ; 
dull. 

obtusely ('li), adv. in an obtuse 
manner. 

obtuseness ('nes), n. the state or 
quality of being obtuse ; bluntness ; 
mental dulness. 

obverse (-vers'), adj. bearing the 
head : said of a coin or medal ; nar- 
rower at the base than the top : 
said of a leaf or radicle: n. ('vers) 
the side of a coin or medal having 
the face or head upon it : opposed to 
reverse. 

obversely ('li), adv. in an obverse 
form. 

obvert (-vert'), v.t. to turn towards; 
face. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; mg, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



obv 



564 



oct 



obviate ('vi-at), v.t. to remove, as 
difficulties or objections.^ 

obvious ('vi-usK adj. evident. 

obvolute ('vo-ltit), adj. arranged so 
as to overlap, as the margins of an 
organ or part of a plant. 

oca (o'ka) , n. a South American plant 
with a tuberous root resembling the 
potato. 

occasion (ok-ka'zhun) , n. occurrence : 
state or position of affairs ; opportu- 
nity ; incidental cause or need ; exi- 
gence : v.t. to cause or influence di- 
rectly or indirectly ; give rise to. 

occasional (-al), adj. incidental or 
casual. 

occasionally (-li), adv. incidentally 
or casually. 

Occident (ok'si-dent), n. the West; 
the countries v^est of Asia and the 
Turkish dominions. 

Occidental (-si-den'tal), adj. of or 
belonging to the Occident : n. a na- 
tive of the- Occident. 

occipital (-sip'i-tal), adj. pertaining 
to the occiput. 

occiput ('si-put), n. the hinder part 
of the skull or head. 

occult (-kult'), adj. hidden; secret; 
invisible. 

occultation (-kul-ta'shun), n. tem- 
porary disappearance or obscura- 
tion : said of one heavenly body when 
another conceals it from sight. 

occulted (-kult'ed), adj. hidden from 
the vision, as a star, &c. 

occultism ('izm), n. Eastern theos- 
ophy. 

occultly ('li), adv. in -an occult man- 
ner. 

occult sciences (si'en-sez), n.pl. 
magic, alchemy, and astrology. 

occupancy ('u-pan-si), n. the act of 
taking and holding in possession. 

occupant ('ti-pant), n. one who has 
possession. 

occupation (-pa'shun), n. the act or 
state of occupying ; business, em- 
ployment, or calling. 

occupier ('u-pi-er), n. one who oc- 
cupies. 

occupy Cu-pl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. occu- 
pied, p.pr. occupying], to take pos- 
session of ; hold or keep in posses- 
sion, as for use ; fill or cover ; em- 
ploy : v.t. to traffic. 



occur (-ker'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. oc- 
curred, p.pr. ocurring], to happen 
or take place ; come to the mind ; 
be found or met with. 

occurrence (-kur'ens), n. an acci- 
dent, event, or incident. 

ocean (6'shun), n. the vast expanse 
of salt water covering more than 
3-5ths of the globe ; any one of its 
chief divisions ; an immense expanse : 
adj. pertaining to the great expanse 
of salt water. 

oceanic (-she-an'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, occurring in, or produced by, the 
ocean. 

ocelot ('se-lot),) n. the Mexican cat. 

ochre ('ker), n. a fine yellow- or 
brown-colored clay : used as a pig- 
ment. 

octa, a prefix meaning eight. Also 
octo, as octachord, an instrument of 
8 strings ; a system of 8 sounds •, 
octodecimo, a book with 18 leaves to 
the sheet (18mi.). 

octagon (ok'ta-gon) , n. a plane figure 
of 8 sides and 8 angles. " - 

octagonal (-tag'o-nal), adj. having 8 
sides and 8 angles. 

octabedral (-ta-he'dral), adj. having 
8 equal sides. 

octahedron ('drun), n. a solid figure 
contained by 8 equal equilateral tri- 
angles. 

octangular (-tang'gti-lar), adj. hav- 
ing 8 angles. 

octant ('tant), n. the 8th part of a 
circle. 

octave ('tav), n. an eighth, or an in- 
terval of 12 semitones ; the 8th day 
after a church festival, the festival 
itself being included ; a small cask 
of wine = l-8th of a pipe : adj. con- 
sisting of 8. 

octavo (-ta'vo), n. a sheet of printing 
paper folded ^'n 8 leaves or 16 pages 
(8vo.) : adj. having 8 leaves or 16 
pages to the sheet. 

octennial (-ten'i-al), adj. recurring 
every 8th year ; continuing 8 years. 

octennially (-li), adv. every 8 years. 

octillion (ok-til'yun), n. in French 
and American numeration the num- 
ber represented by 1 followed by 27 
ciphers ; in English numeration 1 
followed by 48 ciphers. 

octodecimo (-to-des'i-mo), adj. con- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



Oct 



565 



oft 



sisting of 18 leaves or 36 pages to a 
sheet : n. a book of such size 
(18mo.). 

octogenarian (-to-je-na'ri-an), n. 
one who is 80 years old : adj. 80 
years old. 

octopod ('to-pod), n. an animal with 
8 feet. 

octopus ('to-pus), n. Ipl. octopuses 
(-ez)], a genus of Cephalopods hav- 
ing 8 arms, containing the cuttle- 
fish. 

octoroon (-to-roon'), n. the offspring 
of a white person and a quadroon. 

octuple ('_tti-pl), adj. eight-fold. 

ocular ('ti-lar), adj. pertaining to, 
depending on, or formed by, the eye ; 
known from actual sight. 

oculiform ('ii-li-form), adj. eye- 
shaped. 

oculist ('ti-list), n. one who is skilled 
in the treatment of eye diseases. 

odd (od), adj. not paired or matched 
with another;. not even; not exactly 
divisible by 2 ; unusual ; peculiar ; 
eccentric. 

Odd Fellow ('fel-5), n. a member of 
the order of the benevolent society 
of Odd Fellows. 

oddity ('i-ti), n. a person or thing 
that is peculiar ; eccentricity ; 
strangeness. 

odds (odz), n.pl. inequality; advan- 
tage ; superiority ; excess of either 
compared with the other ; probabil- 
ity ; more than an even wager. 

ode (od), n. a short song; lyric poem. 

odious (o'di-us), adj. offensive; un- 
popular. 

odium ('di-um), n. hatred; dislike. 

odometer (o-dom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for registering the number 
of revolutions of a carriage-wheel, to 
which it is attached. 

odontoid (-don'toid), adj. tooth-like. 

odontology (-tol'o-ji), n. dental sci- 
ence ; a treatise on the teeth. 

odoriferous (-der-if'er-us), adj. dif- 
fusing fragrance. 

odorous ('der-us), adj. emitting an 
odor or scent ; fragrant. 

odor ('der), n. a scent; estimation. 

o'er, same as over. 

oesopliagus. See esophagus. 

of (ov), prep, from; out of; belong- 



ing to ; according to ; proceeding 
from. 

off (of), adj. most distant; noting the 
right-hand side in driving, or the 
left-hand side of the bowler at crick- 
et : adv. away from : prep, not on ; 
distant from : inter j. begone ! 

offal (of'al), n. refuse; waste meat. 

offend (-fend'), v.t. to displease or 
make angry ; molest or annoy ; pain 
or shock : v.i. to transgress ; do any- 
thing displeasing. 

offense (-fens'), n. any cause of an- 
ger or displeasure ; insult ; injury ; 
assault. 

offensive (-fen'siv), adj. causing dis- 
pleasure ; annoying ; disagreeable ; 
disgusting ; used in attack : n. the 
act of attacking (with the). 

offensively (-li), adv. in an offensive 
manner. 

offensiveness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being offensive. 

offer ('er), v.t. to present for accept- 
ance or refusal ; proffer ; present in 
worship or sacrifice ; bid as a price 
or reward : v.i. to be ready ; express 
a willingness ; attempt or make an 
attempt : n. a proposal made ; price 
offered ; first advance. 

offering (-ing), n. that which is of- 
fered ; a sacrifice ; oblation. 

office (of 'is), n. public or private 
business ; employment ; function ; 
act of worship ; formulary of devo- 
tion ; act of 'kindness; service; 
apartment for the transaction of 
business : pi. the outlying buildings 
of a mansion ; apartments of a house 
in which domestics discharge their 
duties. 

officer ('is-er), n. a person commis- 
sioned to perform a certain public 
duty : v.t. to furnish with officers. 

official (-fish'al), adj. pertaining to 
an office or public duty ; from the 
proper authority : n. one who holds 
a civil office. 

officialism (-izm), n. government by 
officials ; official routine. 

officially (-li), adv. by the proper of- 
ficer ; in an official manner. 

officiate ('i-at), v.i. to perform the 
duties of an office. 

officinal (-fis'i-nal), adj. noting drugs 



ate, arm, isk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



il 



ofE 



566 



oli 



officially recognized by the pharma- 
copceia. 

officious (fish'us), adj. too forward 
in offering services ; meddling. 

offing (of'ing), n. that part of the sea 
with deep water off the shore. 

ofFscouring ('skour-ing), n. refuse. 

ofPsc-um ('skum), n. dregs; filth. 

offset ('set), n. a young shoot or 
bud ; a sum or account placed as an 
equivalent for another ; in survey- 
ing, a perpendicular let fall from the 
main line to an outlying point. 

offside ('sid), n. the side to the right 
hand of the driver. 

offspring ('spring), n. children; de- 
scendants. 

often ('en), adv. many times; fre- 
quently. 

ogee (6-je'), w. a wave-like molding, 
one side convex the other concave ; 
a cyma. 

ogle Cgl), v.t. to look fondly at with 
a side glance : n. a side glance. 

ogre (o'ger), n. an imaginary man- 
eating monster or giant. Feminine 
ogress. 

ogreisli (-ish), adj. like an ogre. 

oh. (6), inter j. an exclamation of won- 
der, pain, or anxiety. 

olini (om), n. the unit of electrical 
resistance. 

oil (oil), n. a highly inflammable 
fatty liquid obtained from various 
animal and vegetable substances : 
v.t. to lubricate with oil. 

oilcake ('kak), n. the substance 
that remains after the oil has been 
expressed, as from flaxseed. 

oilcloth, ('kloth), n. painted canvas 
for floor covering. 

oil-color ('kul-er), n. a pigment 
made by grinding a coloring sub- 
stance in oil ; a painting executed in 
oil-colors. 

oiliness ('i-nes), n. oily quality; 
greasiness. 

cily ('i), adj. containing, or like, oil; 
greasy ; unctuous ; flattering. 

ointment (oint'ment), n. an unctu- 
ous substance applied to a wound or 
injured part. 

okra (ok'ra), n. a West Indian plant, 
the pods of which are used in soups, 
&c. Okro, ochra. 



old (old), adj. [comp. older, superL 
oldest], aged; decayed by time; an- 
cient ; out of date ; long practiced. 

olden (ol'den), adj. ancient; bygone. 

oldish (old'ish), adj. somewhat old. 

old style (stil), n. the old mode of 11 
reckoning time according to the 
Julian year of 365^ days. 

oleaginous (o-le-aj'i-nus), adj. oily; 
unctuous. • 

oleander (-an'der), n. an evergreen 
shrub with handsome fragrant flow- 
ers. 

oleaster (-as'ter), n. the wild olive. 

oleate ('le-at), n. a salt of oleic acid, 

oleiiant ('e-fi'ant), adj. noting a gas 
formed by heating 2 volumes of sul- 
phuric acid with 1 volume of alcohol. 

oleiiant gas (gas), n. heavy car- 
buretted hydrogen. 

olefine (o'le-fin), n. a hydrocarbon 
containing 2 atoms of hydrogen and 
1 atom of carbon. 

oleic ('le-ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
obtained from, oil. 

oleic acid (as'id), n. an oily acid ob- 
tained from the saponification of lin- 
seed and other oils, or in the making 
of soap. 

oleiferous (-le-if'er-us, adj. produc- 
ing oil. 

oleine ('le-in), n. the pure liquid part 
of oil or fat. Also olein. 

oleo, a prefix meaning oily, pertaining 
to oil, or oily. 

oleograph ('le-o-graf), n. a litho- 
graph in oil-colors. 

oleomargarine (-o-mar'gar-in), n. 
imitation butter made from milk and 
animal fat, &c. 

oleometer (-om'e-ter), n. an instru- 
ment for testing and determining the 
relative density of oils. 

oleo-oil (-oil), n. oil obtained from 
animal fat. 

olfactory (ol-fak'to-ri), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or used in, smelling : n. organ 
of smell (usually pi.). 

olibanum (o-lib'a-num), n. a gum 
resin ; the frankincense of the an- 
cients. Also oliban. 

oligarch (ol'i-gark), n. one of an oli- 
garchy. 

oligarchal (-al), adj. pertaining to 
an oligarchy. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl , me, merge, met ; rnfte, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



oli 



567 



oligarcliy ('i-giir-ki), n. [pi. oligar- 
chies (-kiz)], government in which 
the supreme power is in the hands 
of a few ; a state so governed. 

olive ('iv), n. a plant of the genus 
Olea, or its oily fruit ; a tawny yel- 
low color : adj. pertaining to, or re- 
sembling, the olive. 

olive-branch, (-branch), n. the 
branch of the olive : the emblem of 
peace. 

olivet ('i-vet), n. an imitation pearl 
made for traffic with savage races. ' 

olivil ('i-vil), n. a crystalline sub- 
stance obtained from the gum of the 
olive tree. 

olivine ('i-vin), n. a variety of chrys- 
olite. 

Olympiad (o-lim'pi-ad), n. in an- 
cient Greece, the interval (4 years) 
between the celebration of the Olym- 
pic games : a system of chronology 
reckoning from the first Olympiad, 
776 B.C. 

Olympic _('pik), adj. pertaining to 
Olympia in Elis, where the Olympic 
games were celebrated. Also Olym- 
pian : n.pl. the Olympic games of 
ancient Greece, celebrated every 4 
years in honor of Zeus of Mt. Olym- 
pus. 

omber, ombre (om'ber), n. a card 
game. 

ombrometer (-brom'e-ter) , n. a rain- 
gage. 

omega (o-me'ga), n. the last letter of 
the Greek alphabet ; hence the last ; 
end. 

omelet (om'e-let), n. a kind of pan- 
cake of eggs, &c. 

omen (o'men), n. a sign of some fu- 
ture event : v.t. to portend or prog- 
nosticate. 

ominous (om'i-nus), adj. foreboding 
evil ; inauspicious. 

omission (o-mish'un), n. neglect or 
failure to do something required ; 
something omitted. 

omit (-mit'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. omitted, 
p.pr. omitting], to leave out; neg- 
lect ; fail to mention. 

omni, a prefix meaning all, entirely, 
as omnipresent. 

omnibus (om'ni-bus), n. a public 
four-wheeled carriage for passenger 
traffic 



omnipotence (-nip'o-tens), n. unlim- 
ited power. 

omnipotent ('o-tent), adj. having 
unlimited power. 

Omnipotent, n. God (with the). 

omnipresence ( -ni-prez'ens ) , n. uni- 
versal presence. 

omniscient (-nish'ent), adj. know- 
ing all things ; infinitely wise. 

omnivorous (-niv'er-us), adj. feed- 
ing upon animal and vegetable food ; 
all-devouring. 

on (on), prep, upon; in contact with 
the upper part ; at ; near : adv. for- 
ward ; onward : adj. noting the side 
to the right of the batsman in crick- 
et : interj. go on ! 

onager (on'a-jer), n. the, wild ass. 

onanism (o'nan-izm), n. masturba- 
tion. 

once (wuns), adv. at one time; for- 
merly ; one time. 

one (wun), adj. single in number; 
some way ; individual : n. [pi. ones 
(wunz)], the number one or its 
symbol ; an individual. 

onerous (on'er-us), adj. burdensome: 
weighty ; oppressive. 

onion (un'yun), n. a bulbous-rooted 
plant of the genus Allium : used in 
cookery. 

only (on'li), adj. single; one and no 
more : adv. singly ; merely. 

onomatopoeia (on-o-mat-o-pe'ya) , n. 
the formation of words to resemble 
the sounds made by the thing sig- 
nified, as tvM« ; the use of words so 
formed, or the word itself. 

onomatopoetic (-po-et'ik), adj. 
formed by onomatopoeia. Also ono- 
matopoeic. 

onset ('set), n. an assault; attack. 

onslaught ('slawt), n. a furious at- 
tack. 

ontogenesis (-to-jen'e-sis), «. ther 
history of the evolution of individual [ 
organisms. Also ontogeny. 

ontological (-to-loj'i-kal), adj. per-^ 
taining to ontology ; metaphysical. 

ontologist (-tol'o-jist), n. a meta- 
physician. 

ontology ('o-ji), n. the logic of pure 
being; metaphysics. 

onus (6'nus), n. a burden; duty; ob- 
ligation. 

on-ward (on'werd), adj. advancing; 



&te arm, ask, at. awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



©n!r 



568 



opu 



progressing : adv. in advance. Also 
onwards : inter j. forward ! 

onyx (on'iks), n. a variety of agate. 

oolite (o'o-lit), n. a limestone com- 
posed of grains like the roe of a fish. 

oolitic (-lit'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
composed of, or like, oolite. 

oology (-ol'o-ji), n. a treatise on 
birds' eggs ; the scientific study of 
birds' eggs. 

oolong (oo'long), n. a Chinese black 
tea, the flavor of which resembles 
green tea. Also oulong. 

oomiak ('mi-ak), n. an Eskimo fish- 
ing and transport boat. Also oomi- 
ac, umiak. 

oosperm (o'o-sperm), n. a fertilized 
ovum. 

ootheca (-the'ka), n. the egg-case of 
certain mollusks and insects contain- 
ing the eggs. 

ooze (ooz), n. soft mud or slime ; gen- 
tle flow ; liquor of a tan vat : v.i. to 
flow gently ; percolate. 

opacity (o-pas'i-ti), n. opaqueness. 

opali ('pa), n. the king-fish. 

opal ('pal), n. a precious stone of 
milky hue, exhibiting a play of vari- 
ous colors. 

opalesce (-es'), v.i. to exhibit a play 
of various colors like the opal. 

opalescence ('ens), n. the quality of 
being opalescent. 

opalescent ('ent), adj. resembling 
opal in its reflection of light. 

opaline ('pa-lin), adj. pertaining to, 
or resembling, the opal. 

opaque (-pak'), adj. not transparent. 

opaqueness (-nes), n. the quality or 
state of being opaque. 

ope (op), V. & adj. same as open 
[Poet.]. 

open ('n), adj. not shut; unfastened; 
clear of trees ; expanded ; uncovered ; 
unsealed ; not frozen nor frosty ; 
clear ; unreserved ; public ; generous ; 
frank ; sincere ; enunciated without 
closing the mouth : v.t. to make open ; 
explain ; begin ; expand ; break the 
seal of : v.i. to unclose itself ; com- 
mence ; begin to appear ; bark in 
view or the scent of game : said of 
a dog. 

opening (-ing), n. an aperture; be- 
ginning ; opportunity : adj. first in 
order. 



opera (op'er-a), w. a musical drama. 

opera-bouffe (-boof), n. a comic 
opera. 

opera-cloak (-klok), n. a lady's 
evening dress cloak worn at an. 
opera, theater, &c. 

opera-glass (-glas), n. a small bi- 
nocular glass used in operas, thea- 
ters, &c. 

operameter (-er-am'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for recording the number 
• of revolutions made by the shaft or 
wheel of a machine. 

operate ('er-at), v.i. to work; pro- 
duce a certain effect ; perform a sur- 
gical operation : v.t. to cause to per- 
form certain work : as, to operate a 
machine. 

operatic (-at'ik), adj. pertaining to 
the opera. 

operation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
operating ; agency ; effect ; manipu- 
lation ; surgical performance with 
instruments ; a series of movements 
of an army or fleet. 

operative ('er-a-tiv), adj. having the 
power of acting ; effiacious ; vigor- 
ous : w. an artisan or skilled work- 
man. 

operator (er-a-ter), n. one who, or 
that which, operates. 

operetta (op-er-et'a), n. a light mu- 
siv^al drama. 

opkicleide (of'i-klid), n. a large 
brass keyed musical instrument of 
the horn class. 

Ophidia (6-fid'i-a), n.pl. an order of 
reptiles, including the serpents. 

ophidian ('i-an), adj. pertaining to 
the Ophidia ; snake-like : n. one of 
the Ophid'a. 

ophiological (of-i-o-loj'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to ophiology. 

ophiology (-ol'o-ji), n. that branch 
of natural history which treats of 
serpents. 

ophthalmia (of-thal'mi-a), n. in- 
flammation of the eye or eyeball. 
Also ophthalmitis. 

ophthalmic ('mik), adj. pertaining 
to the eye. 

ophthalmologist (-mol'o-jist), n. 
one who is skilled in diseases of the 
eye. 

ophthalmology ('o-ji), n. the sci- 



ate, arm, ask, at. awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, *^ea. 



oph 



569 



opt 



ence that treats of the eye and its 
diseases. 

oplitlialiiioscope ('mo-skop), n. an 
instrument for examining the inte- 
rior of the eye. 

ophtlialiiioscopy- (-mos'ko-pi), n. ex- 
amination of the eye. 

ophtlialiiioscopy ('mo-sko-pi), n. ex- 
section or extraction of the eye. 

opiate (o'pi-at), n. a medicine com- 
pounded with opium to induce sleep 
or rest ; narcotic ; anything that 
soothes : adj. narcotic ; soothing ; in- 
ducing sleep or quiet. 

opine (o-pin'), v.i. to think; be of 
opinion. 

opinion (-pin'yun), n. belief or judg- 
ment ; estimation ; persuasion. 
I opinionated (-a-ted), adj. firm or 
obstinate in one's opinions. 

opinionative (-a-tiv), adj. fond of 
preconceived ideas ; self-conceited. 

opinionatively (-li), adv. obsti- 
j nately. 

opium (o'pi-um), n. the dried juice 
of the capsules of the white poppy. 

opobalsam (op-o-bawl'sam), n. balm 
of Gilead. 

opodeldoc (-del'dok), n. a soap lini- 
ment : used for sprains, &c. 

opossum (o-pos'um), n. an American 
and Australian marsupial carnivo- 
rous mammal. 

opponent (op-po'nent), adj, oppo- 
site ; adverse ; antagonistic : n. one 
who opposes, especially in argument 
or debate ; adversary. 

opportune ( -per-tiin' ) , adj. well- 
timed ; seasonable. 

opportunely ('li), adv. seasonably. 

opportuneness ('nes), n. seasona- 
bleness. 

k opportunism ('izm), n. sacrifice of 
principle to circumstances, especial- 
ly in politics. 
opportunist ('ist), n. one who takes 
advantage of circumstances to pro- 
mote the political interests of his 
party. 
opportunity (-tu'ni-ti), n. conven- 
ient time or occasion. 
opposable (-poz'a-bl), adj. that may 

be opposed. 
oppose (-poz'), v.t. to act against; 
contend with ; resist ; place as an 
obstacle ; check. 



opposite ('po-zit), adj. placed or 
standing in front ; contrary ; ad- 
verse ; antagonistic. 

oppositely (-li), adv. in front; ad- 
versely. 

oppositeness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being opposite. 

opposition (-zish'un), n. the act or 
state of opposing ; hostile resistance ; 
contrariety ; obstacle ; the situation 
of two heavenly bodies when their 
longitudes differ by 180° ; the col- 
lective body of opponents to the ex- 
isting administration or government. 

oppositionist (-ist), n. one of the 
party that opposes an administra- 
tion or government. 

oppress (-pres'), v.t. to burden ; crush 
by hardship or severity ; lie heavily 
upon. 

oppression (-presh'un), n. the act of 
oppressing : state of being oppressed ; 
hardship ; calamity ; injustice ; lassi- 
tude ; dulness. 

oppressive (-pres'iv), adj. unreason- 
ably burdensome ; unjustly severe ; 
tyrannical ; overpowering ; heavy. 

oppressively (-li), adv, in an oppres- 
sive manner. 

oppressiveness (-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being oppressive. 

oppressor ('er), n. one who op- 
presses. 

opprobrious (-pro'bri-us) , adj. ex- 
pressive of opprobrium ; reproachful 
and contemptuous ; disgraceful. 

opprobrium ('bri-um), n. reproach 
with disdain or contempt ; ignominy. 

opsiometer (-si-om'e-ter) . n. an in- 
strument for measuring the limits of 
distinct visi_on, 

optative ('ta-tiv), adj. expressing de- 
sire or wish. 

optic ('tik), adj. pertaining to vision. 
Also optical : n.pl. the science of thej 
properties of light and vision. 

optically (-al-li), adv. by optics or 
vision. 

optician (-tish'un), n. one skilled in 
optics ; one who makes or sells opti- 
cal instruments. 

optigrapb ('ti-graf), n. a kind of 
camera for copying landscapes. 

optimism ('ti-mizm). n. the doctrine 
that everything in the present state 
of existence is for the best. 



e, arm, ^sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon» 
book ; hiie, hut ; think, *^en. 



opt 



570 



ori 



optimist ('ti-mist), n. one who holds 
the doctrine of optimism. 

optimistic (-mis'tik), adj. character- 
ized by optimism ; sanguine. 

optimistically (-al-li), adv, hope- 
fully. 

option ('shun), n. power or right of 
choice ; wish ; selection ; on the 
Stock Exchange, the liberty to sell 
or buy stock in a time bargain at a 
stated price. 

optional (-al), adj. left to one's wish 
or choice. 

optionally (-li), adv. at one's own 
option. 

optometer, same as opsiometer. 

opulence ('ti-lens), n. wealth. Also 
opulency. 

opulent ('ti-lent), adj. wealthy; 
rich. 

opus (o'pus), n. Ipl. opera (-op'er- 
a)], a work; musical composition. 

opuscule ('kill), n. a little work; 
brochure. 

or ( or ) , conj. the correlative of either. 

oracle (or'a-kl), n. among the an- 
cients, the response of a deity or in- 
spired priest to some inquiry ; the 
deity who gave the answer ; the place 
where a deity might be consulted ; 
the Jewish temple ; a prophetic dec- 
laration ; a prophet or person of 
reputed wisdom. 

oracular (o-rak'u-lar), adj. of the 
nature of an oracle ; uttering ora- 
cles ; dogmatically magisterial ; am- 
biguous ; venerable. 

oral ('ral), adj. verbal. 

orally (-li), adv. verbally. 

orange (or'enj), n. a tree (Citrus 
Aurantium) with a deep golden-col- 
ored and juicy fruit ; the color of 
such fruit : adj. pertaining to an 
orange ; orange-colored. 

orangeade (-ad'), n. a beverage made 
from orange-juice. 

Orangeman (-man), n. [pi. orange- 
men (-men)i, a member of a polit- 
ical society of Irish Protestants : 
named from William III., Prince of 
Orange. 

orangery (-ri), n. a place for the 
cultivation of oranges. 

orang-outang (o-rang'oo-tang) , n. 
the great anthropoid ape of the East- 
ern Archipelago. 



ate, arm. 



oration (-ra'shun), n. a formal pub- 
lic speech delivered on an occasion 
of special importance ; harangue. 

orator (or'a-ter), n. one who makes 
an oration ; an eloquent speaker. 

oratorical (-tor'i-kal) , adj. pertain- 
ing to an orator or to oratory ; rhe- 
torical. 

oratorically (-li), adv. in a rhetori- 
cal manner. 

oratorio (-to'ri-o), n. a musical com- 
position having a sacred theme as 
its subject. 

oratory ('a-to-ri), n. the art of an 
orator ; eloquence : n.pl. oratories, a 
small chapel, especially one for pri- 
vate devotion. 

orb (orb), n. a circular body; sphere; 
the eye ; circuit. 

orbed ('d), adj. spherical. Orbicu- 
late. 

orbicular (-bik'ti-lar), adj. orb- 
shaped. 

orbit ('bit), n. the bony cavity of the 
eye ; the path described by a heav- 
enly body during its periodical rev- 
olution. 

orbital (-al), adj. pertaining to an 
orbit. 

orchard ('cherd), n. an inclosure of 
fruit trees. 

orchestra ('kes-tra), n. in the an- 
cient Greek theater the place where 
the chorus danced ; in a modern the- 
ater, &c., the place occupied by the 
musicians ; the parquet ; the body of 
musicians. 

orchestral (-tral), adj. pertaining 
to, suited to, or performed by, an 
orchestra. 

orchestration (-tra'shun), n. musi- 
cal arrangement or instrumentation 
for an orchestra. 

orchid ('kid), n. a handsome flower, 
often of fantastic shape, of the genus 
Orchis. 

Orchis ('kis), n. a genus of plants 
with curiously-shaped roots and 
flowers, 

orcin ('sin), n. a coloring substance 
obtained from lichens. 

ordain (-dan'), v.t. to appoint; in- 
stitute ; invest with ministerial or 
priestly functions. 

ordeal ('de-al), n. an ancient method 
of trial by fire, water, combat, &c., 



:, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




ORCHIDS 
1. Aganisia tricolor. — 2. Coryanthes macrantha. — 3. Miltonia Blunti. — 4. Nanodes Medusae.— 
5. Dendrobium Brymerianum. — 6. Brassia caudata var. hieroglyphica. — 7. Cattleya Trianae var. 
purpurata. — 8. Masdevallia spectrum. — 9. Laelia elegans var. Houtteana. — 10. Coelogyne pan- 
durata. — 11. Taphinia Randi. 



^ 



ord 



571 



ori 



to determine the guilt or innocence 
of an accused person : hence a severe 
trial or test. 

order ('der), n. method or regular ar- 
rangement ; settled mode of proced- 
ure ; rule ; regulation ; command : 
class ; rank ; degree ; a religious fra- 
ternity ; an association of persons 
possessing a common honorary dis- 
tinction ; a division intermediate be- 
tween a class or sub-class and a 
family ; in architecture, a system of 
constructing and ornamenting col- 
umns, comprising the Tuscan, Doric, 
Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite : 
pi. the three orders (bishop, priest, 
deacon) of the Christian ministry in 
an Episcopal Church (Holy Or- 
ders) : v.t. to regulate or manage ; 
command ; conduct ; direct : v.i. to 
give a command or order. 

ordering: ('der-ing), n. arrangement; 
distribution. 

orderly ('der-li), adj. well regulated; 
methodical ; performed in good or- 
der ; peaceable ; on military duty : n. 
a soldier who attends upon an offi- 
cer to carry his orders : adv. method- 
ically. 

ordinal ('din-al), adj. noting order: 
n. a number noting order ; a book 
containing the form of service for 
ordination. 

ordinance ('di-nans), n. an estab- 
lished rule, rite, or law. 

ordinarily ('di-na-ri-li), adj. accord- 
ing to established rule or method ; 
usually. 

ordinary ('di-na-ri), adj. according 
to established order ; usual ; cus- 
tomary ; commonplace ; mediocre : 
plain ; a meal for all comers at fixed 
charges ; an ecclesiastical judge ; a 
prison chaplain ; in heraldry, that 
part of the escutcheon contained be- 
tween straight and other lines. 

ordinate ('di-nat), n. a straight line 
in a curve terminated on both sides 
by the curve and bisected by the 
diameter. 

ordination (-na'shun), n. the act of 
conferring holy orders ; the state of 
being ordained or appointed. 

ordnance (ord'nans), n. artillery. 

ore (or), n. metal as extracted from 



the earth in its natural state or com- 
bined with some other substance. 

oread (o're-ad), n. a mountain nymph. 

organ (or'gan), n. an instrument; 
means of communication or convey- 
ance ; that part of a living structure 
by means of which some fuction is 
discharged or work performed ; a 
wind instrument. 

organic (-gan'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
composed of, containing, or produced 
by, organs ; instrumental. Also or- 
ganical. 

organically (-al-li), adv. in an or- 
ganic manner ; with, or by means of, 
organs. 

organicalness (-nes), n. organic 
quality. 

organism ('gan-izm), n. organical 
structure. 

organist ('ist), n. a performer on the 
organ. 

organization (-i-za'shun) , n. organic 
structure ; the act of organizing, 

organize ('gan-iz), v.t. to form or 
furnish with organs ; to arrange or 
distribute into parts with the proper 
officials so as to work or carry out a 
scheme efficiently. 

organogeny ('oj-e-ni), n. organic de- 
velopment. 

organography (-og'ra-fi), n. a scien- 
tific description of the organs of 
animals or plants. 

organology (-ol'o-ji), n. that branch 
of physiology which treats of animal 
organs. 

organon ('ga-non), n. a body of rules 
for regulating scientific or philo- 
sophical investigation. 

organoplastic (-o-plas'tik), «(?/. pro- 
ducing, or evolving, organic tissue. 

organzine ('gan-zin), n. thrown silk 
of very fine texture ; a fabric made 
from it. 

orgasm ('gazm), n. immoderate ex- 
citement or action. 

orgues (orgz), n.pl. pieces of timber 
pointed and shod with iron ; an ar- 
rangement of gun-barrels in parallel 
order for firing simultaneously. 

orgy Cji), n. a drunken revel,, espe- 
cially at night : pi. secret rites in the 
worship of Dionysus (Bacchus) dis- 
tinguished by wild revelry. 

oriel (o'ri-el), n. a large bay window. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, fh&n. ' 



ori 



572 



orp 



Orient ('ri-ent), adj. Oriental : w. the 

East. 

orient ('ri-ent), v.t. to define the po- 
sition of with reference to the East. 

Oriental (-en'tal), adj. pertaining to, 
or situated in, the East; proceeding 
from Asia or the East : n. an inhabi- 
tant of Asia or the East. 

oriental (-en'tal), adj. precious; 
pure ; valuable : said of gems. 

Orientalism, (-izm), n. an idiom or 
custom characteristic of the East. 

Orientalist (-ist), n. one who is 
skilled in Oriental languages, sub- 
jects, &c. 

orientate (-tat), v.t. & i?.*. to turn 
towards the East. 

orientation (-ta'shun), n. the deter- 
mination of the position of the east ; 
eastward position ; the faculty pos- 
sessed by certain birds of finding 
their way home from long distances. 

orifice (or'i-fis), n. a mouth or aper- 
ture. 

oriflaxume ('i-flam), n. the ancient 
royal standard of France, a red flag 
split at one end and forming flame- 
slaaped streamers. 

origin ('i-jin), n. beginning; first ex- 
istence ; source ; cause ; derivation. 

original (6-rij'i-nal), adj. first in or- 

• der ; having power to originate ; not 
copied : n. that from which anything 
is copied, &c. ; the language in which 
a work is written; archetype; an 
jeccentric person. 

originality ('i-ti), n. original state 
or quality. 

originally (-li), adv. at first. 

original sin (sin), n. the inherent 
tendency of mankind to sin, derived 
from Adam and imputed to his de- 
scendants. 

originate (-rij'i-nat), v.t. to bring 
into existence : v.i. to rise ; com- 
mence. 

origination (-na'shun), n. first pro- 
duction ; source ; method of produc- 
tion. 

originatox* ('i-na-ter), n. one who 
originates. 

orillon (o-ril'yun), n. a mound of 
earth faced with a wall to protect a 
cannon. 

oriole (o'ri-ol), n. the golden-thrush. 



orlop (Or'lop), n. the lowest deck of 
a ship. 

ormolu ('mo-loo), n. bronze or cop- 
per gilt in imitation of gold. 

ornament ('na-ment), n. anything 
that adorns or beautifies ; embellish- 
ment : v.t. to adorn, beautify, or dec- 
orate. 

ornamentally ('al-li), adv. so as to 
adorn. 

ornamentation (-ta'shun), n. deco- 
ration. 

ornate (-nat'), adj. ornamented. 

ornately ('li), adv. in an ornate 
manner. 

ornith, a pre-fix meaning hird. Also 
ornitho, as ornithoWte, the remains 
of a bird in a fossil state. 

ornithological (-ni-tho-loj'i-kal), 
adj. pertaining to ornithology. 

ornithologist (-thol'o-jist), n. one 
who is skilled in ornithology. 

ornithology ('o-ji), n. the scientific 
study of the structure, habits, &c., of 
birds. 

orographic (or-o-graf'ik), adj. per- 
taining to orography. Also oro- 
graphical. 

orography (o-rog'ra-fi), n. the sci- 
ence that treats of mountains, moun- 
tain systems, their height, &c. Also 
orolog3\_. 

oroide (o'ro-id), n. an alloy of tin 
and copper resembling gold. 

orotund (o'ro-tund), adj. character- 
ized by fullness, clearness, strengtli, 
and smoothness : said of the voice or 
manner of utterance : n. a quality of 
voice thus characterized. 

orphan (or'fan), n. a child bereft of 
one or both parents : adj. bereft of 
parents. 

orphanage (-aj), n. the state of an 
orphan ; an institution for orphans, 

orphaned ('fand), adj. bereft of pa- 
rents. 

Orphean ('fe-an), adj. pertaining to 
Orpheus, the celebrated bard of 
classic mythology ; hence melodious, 
enchanting. Also Orphic. 

orphrey ('fri), n. an embroidered 
band or bands of gold or silver on 
the front of an ecclesiastical vest- 
ment from the neck downwards, es- 
pecially on a cope. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon 
book ; hue, hut ; think, th^n. 



orp 



5?» 



orpiment ('pi-ment), n. yellow sul- 
phuret of arsenic ; king's yellow. 

orpin ('pin), n. a, yellow color of 
various shades of intensity. 

orpine ('pin), n. a succulent plant 
with fleshy leaves : so named from 
its yellow color. 

orrery (or'e-ri), n. an apparatus to 
illustrate by balls mounted on rods 
the motions, magnitudes, and posi- 
tions of the planets of the solar sys- 
tem. 

orris ('is), n. gold or silver lace; the 
iris. 

orris-root (-root), n. the dried roots 
of the Florentine orris : used as a 
perfume. 

orthite (or'thit), n. a variety of alla- 
nite. 

ortho, a prefix meaning straight, 
right, true. 

orthoclase (6r'tho-klaz), n, potash 
feldspar. 

orthodiograph (6r-th6'di-o-graf ), n. 
a device for taking X-ray pictures 
of the internal organs of the hu- 
man body. 

orthodox ('tho-doks), adj. holding, 
or in accordance with, the received 
or established belief or doctrine, es- 
pecially as taught in the formularies 
of a particular church. 

orthodoxy (-dok-si), n. conformity 
to orthodox belief or opinion ; sound- 
ness of belief or doctrine. 

orthoepy (-tho'e-pi), n. correct pro- 
nunciation. 

orthogonal (-thog'o-nal), adj. rec- 
tangular. 

orthographer ('ra-fer), n. one 
skilled in orthography. Also or- 
thographist. 

orthographic (-th5-graf'ik), adj. 
pertaining to orthography ; correct- 
ly spelt. Also orthographical. 

orthographically (-al-li), adv. ac- 
cording to the rules of orthography. 

orthography (-thog'ra-fi), n. the 
art of spelling and writing words 
_ correctly. 

t orthopaedia (-tho-pe'di-a), n. the 
* prevention and cure of deformities, 

especially in children. 

ortolan ('to-lan), n. a small bird, 
allied to the bunting : much es- 
teemed for its flesh. 



OS (os), w. (Latin) [pi. ossa ('a)], a 
bone; the mouth {pi. ora). 

oscillate ('i-lat), v.i. & v.t. to swing 
backwards and forwards ; vibrate. 

oscillation (-la'shun), n. a swinging 
backwards and forwards ; vibration. 

oscillator (os'i-la-ter), n. one who, 
or that which, oscillates ; a device 
for producing electric currents of a 
constant period, independently of 
variations in its driving force. 

oscillatory (os'i-la-to-ri), adj. swing- 
ing ; vibrating. 

osculate ('kii-lat), v.t. & v.i. to kiss; 
touch. 

osculation (-la'shun), n. kissing; 
touching. 

osculatory ('ku-la-to-ri), adj. per- 
taining to kissing : n. a tablet or 
board on which the picture of 'Christ 
or the Virgin Mary is painted for 
worshipers to kiss. 

osier (o'zher), n. a willow, the twigs 
of which are used in basket-making; 
matter in muscular fiber containing 
those constituents to which its taste 
when cooked is due. 

osmium (os'mi-um), n. a metallic ele- 
ment in platinum ore. 

osmose ('mos), n. the process of at- 
traction by which gases and fluids 
pass through a separating mem- 
brane. 

Osmund ('mund), n. the flowerins 
fern of the genus Osmunda. 

osnaburg ('na-berg), n. a coarse 
linen. 

osprey (os'pra), n. the fish-hawk. 
Also ossifrage. 

ossein ('e-in), n. gelatinous tissue in 
bone. 

osseous ('e-us), adj. pertaining to, 
consisting of, or like, bone. 

osseter ('e-ter), n. a species of stur- 
geon, yielding a fine kind of isin- 
glass. 

ossicle ('i-kl), n. a little bone: pi. a 
hard structure of small size, as the 
calcareous plates of the starfish. 

ossiferous (-if'er-us), adj. producing, 
or containing, bone. 

ossification (-fi-ka'shun), n. conver- 
sion of soft animal tissue into bone. 

ossify ('i-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ossified, 
p.pr. ossifying], to convert into 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
hof>k; hue, hut; think, then. 



08t 



574 



out 



bone or into a bone-like substance; 
harden : v.i. to become bone. 

ostensibility (-ten-si-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being ostensible. 

ostensible ( 'si-bl ) , adj. apparent ; 
held forth to view ; plausible. 

ostensibly ('si-bli), adv. in appear- 
ance. 

ostensive ('ten-siv), adj. showing; 

. exhibiting. 

os'tentation (-ta'shun), n. outward 
show or appearance ; ambitious or 
vain display. 

ostentations ('shus), adj. fond of 
show ; intended for vain display ; 
gaudy. 

osteodentine (-te-o-den'tin), n. a 
substance forming the teeth of verte- 
brate animals and structurally in- 
termediate between bone and den- 
tine. 

osteogenesis (-jen'e-sis), n. bone 
formation. 

osteologist (-ol'o-jist), n. one who is 
skilled in osteology. 

osteology ('6-ji), n. that part of an- 
atomy treating of bones, their struc- 
ture, &c. 

osteopatMc (-o-path'ik), adj. per- 
taining to osteopathy, 

osteopatMst (-op'a-thist), n. one 
skilled in, or who practices, osteop- 
athy. 

osteopathy (-op'a-thi), n. a system 
of therapeutics in which the treat- 
ment is by manipulation of the 
bones, muscles, and nerve centers. 

osteosarcoma (-6-sar-ko'ma), w. sof- 
tening of the bones. 

ostitis (-ti'tis)^ n. inflammation of 
the bones. 

ostler (os'ler), n. a man who attends 
to horses at an inn. 

ostracism ('tra-sizm), n. banishment 
by ostracizing. 

ostracize ('tra-siz), v.t. to banish by 
popular vote : from the ancient cus- 
tom in Athens of banishing a citizen 
by throwing a shell, inscribed with 
the name of the person to be ban- 
ished, into an urn ; exclude from 
public or private favor. 

ostrich ('trich), n. a swift running 
African bird, valued for its feathers. 

Ostrogoth Ctro-goth), n. an Eastern 
Goth. 



other (lih'ev), adj. noting something 
besides ; different ; contrary. 

other-wise (-wiz), adv. in another 
manner ; in other respects : conj. 
• else. 

otoscope (o'to-skop), n. an instru- 
ment for examining the interior of 
the ear. 

otter (ot'er), n. an amphibious mam- 
mal of the weasel family, which 
feeds on fish. 

otto, another form of attar. 

Ottoman (ot'o-man), adj. pertaining 
to, or characteristic of, the Turks or 
their government : n. a Turk. 

ottoman ('6-man), n. a cushioned 
seat ; a movable cushioned foot-rest. 

ought (awt), vA. to be under obliga- 
tion ; be fit, necessary, or proper : n. 
anything. 

ounce (ouns), n. a weight l-16th of 
a pound avoirdupois ; l-12th of a 
pound troy ; a carnivorous animal 
resembling the leopard. 

our (our), pron. pertaining to. or be- 
longing to, us. 

ourselves (our-selvz'), pron.pl. we 
or us, not others. 

ousel, ouzel (oo'zel),. n. the Euro- 
pean blackbird. 

oust (oust), v.t. to eject. 

out (out), adv. without; not within 
or at home ; abroad ; gone forth ; 
not in office or employment; in a 
state of extinction ; to the end ; at a 
loss ; without restraint ; not actively 
engaged in a game ; in an error ; 
loudly : inter j. begone ! : n. one who 
is not in office. 

out-and-out, adj. thorough : adv, 
completely ; thoroughly. 

outbreak (out'brak), n. a breaking 
out ; an eruption. 

outcast ('kast), adj. cast out; re- 
jected : n. one who is east or driven 
out ; an exile. 

outcrop ('krop), n. the exposure of 
strata at the earth's surface : v.i. to 
crop out at the surface. 

outcry ('kri), n. clamor; tumult. 

outfall ('fawl), n. the lower end of 
a water-course; point of discharge. 

outgo (-go'), v.t. [p.t. outwent, p.p. 
outgone, p.pr. outgoing], to go be- 
yond ; surpass. 



ate, arm, ask. 



at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



out 



575 



outgoings ('ings), n.pl. expenses. 

ont-herod (-her'od), v.t. to exceed 
the cruelty or violent character of 
(Herod the Great) : hence to exceed 
in any evil. 

outlandish (-land'ish), adj. foreign; 
extraordinary ; vulgar. 

outlaw ('law), n. one who is deprived 
of legal benefits and protection : v.t. 
to deprive of legal benefits and pro- 
tection. 

outline ('lin), n. a line bounding or 
defining a figure ; first sketch : v.t. 
to sketch out. 

outport ('port), n. a port or harbor 
at some distance from the chief port. 

outrage ('raj), n. open and exces- 
sive violence ; wanton abuse or mis- 
chief : v.t. to commit an ^ outrage 
upon ; insult indecently : v.i. to act 
in an outrageous manner. 

outrageous ('us), adj. violent; ex- 
cessive ; exceeding all bounds. 

outre ( oo-tra' ) , adj. overstrained ; 
exaggerated. 

outrider (out'ri-der), n. a servant 
on horseback who rides in advance 
of a carriage. 

outrigger ('rig-er), n. a projecting 
spar or beam for extending sails or 
ropes ; a boat with projecting row- 
locks. 

outright ('rit), adv. completely; at 
once. 

outside ('sid), n. the external part 
of anything ; superficies ; utmost ; a 
passenger on the top of a bus, &c. : 
pi. the exterior sheets of a ream* of 
paper : adj. pertaining to, or situ- 
ated upon, the outside; exterior. 

outspoken ('spo-kn), adj. candid. 

outstanding (-stand'ing), adj. pro- 
jecting ; unpaid. 

outward Cwerd), adj. external; to 
or from the exterior ; visible ; ex- 
trinsic. 

outw^ard-bound (-bound), adj. sail- 
ing to foreign parts. 

outwards ('werdz), adv. towards the 
outside ; to foreign parts. All ',o out- 
ward. 

outwent, p.t. of outgo. 

outwit (-wit'), v.t. to overreach, or 
defeat, by superior skill or cunning. 

outwork ('werk), n. a defense con- 



structed beyond the main body of a 
fort, &c. 

ouzel, see ousel. 

ova, pi. of ovum. 

oval (6'val), adj. shaped like an egg; 
elliptical : n. anything egg-shaped. 

ovarian (-va'ri-an), adj. pertaining 
to the ovary. 

ovaritis (-ri'tis), n. inflammation of 
the ovaries. 

ovary ('va-ri), n. [pL ovaries (-riz)], 
the organ in a female animal in 
which the ova or first germs of fu- 
ture life are formed; the hollow 
seed-case of a plant. 

ovate ('vat), adj. egg-shaped. 

ovate-oblong (ob'long), adj. longer 
than oval. 

ovation (-va'shun), n. among the 
ancient Romans, a minor triumph 
of a general for an inferior victory 
at which sheep were sacrificed ; an 
enthusiastic demonstration of pub- 
lic esteem. 

oven (uv'n), n. a place or apparatus 
for baking or heating. 

over (o'ver), prep, superior in posi- 
tion, authority, dignity, excellence, 
or value ; above ; upon ; across ; cov- 
ering ; more than : adv. from begin- 
ning to end ; from one to another ; 
from side to side ; in excess ; on the 
surface ; throughout : adj. beyond ; 
superior : n.' in cricket, the number 
of balls delivered by one bowler. 

overhaul ('hawl), v.t. to examine 
thoroughly ; overtake ; gain upon : 
said of a ship. 

overplus ('ver-plus), n. excess. 

overpower (-pou'er), v.t. to bear 
down or crush by superior force ; 
vanquish. 

over-production (-pro-duk'shun), n. 
supply in excess of the demand. 

overseer (-ser'), n. the superintend- 
ent of some department of a busi- 
ness ; a parochial official who super- 
intends the poor. 

overshot wheel ('ver-shot hwel), w. 
a water wheel which is driven by 
water flowing over its top. 

overt ('vert), adj. open; public. 

overtake (o-ver-tak') , v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
overtook, p.pr. overtaking], to catch 
by pursuit ; come upon as a punish- 
ment ; take by surprise. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ove 



57G 



oys 



overthroxp- (-thro'), v.t. to turn up- 
side down ; demolish ; vanquish ; de- 
stroy : n. ('ver-thro) ruin; defeat; 
ir cricket, a ball missed by the 
wicket-keeper when returned to him. 

overtones (Ver-tonz), n.pl. har- 
monics. 

overture ('ver-ttjr), n. an offer or 
proposal ; opening ; an introductory 
symphony before the commencement 
of an opera, &c. 

overweening (-wen'ing), adj. con- 
ceited. 

overwhelm (-hwelm'), v.t. to crush 
or destroy utterly. 

overwise (-wiz'), adj. affectedly wise. 

ovicular (-vik'u-lar), adj. pertaining 
to an egg ; oviform. 

oviparous (-vip'a-rus), adj. produc- 
ing young by eggs. 

ovoid ('void), adj. egg-shaped. Also 
ovoidal. 

ovolo ('vo-l6), n. a round or convex 
egg-shaped molding. 

ovoplasm ('vo-plazm), n. the proto- 
plasmic substance or yolk of an 
egg. 

ovoviviparous (-vi-vip'a-rus), adj. 
producing eggs containing the young 
in a living state, as certain animals. 

ovule ('vul), n. the germ borne by 
the placenta of a plant, and subse- 
quently developing into a seed. 

ovum Cvum), n. [pi. ova ('va)], the 
germ or body in the ovary which, 
when impregnated, develops in the 
foetus ; an egg-shaped ornament. 

owe (o), v.t. to be indebted, or under 
obligation to ; be obliged to pay : v.i. 
to be in debt. 

owing Cing), p.adj. due as a debt; 
ascribable to ; imputable to. 

owl (oul), n. a raptorial nocturnal 
bird characterized by its hoot : v.i. 
to smuggle. 

owlet Cet), n. a young owl. 

own (on), adj. belonging to; peculiar 
or proper to : v.t. to possess or hold 
by right ; concede or acknowledge. 

owner ('er), n. lawful proprietor. 

ownership ('er-ship), n. rightful 
possession. 

ox (oks), n. [pi. oxen ('n)], an ani- 
mal of the bovine genus, especially 
a castrated bull. 



oxalate ('a-lat), n. a salt of oxalic 
acid. 

oxalic (-al'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
derived from, oxalis, a genus of 
plants with a bitter taste, contain- 
ing the wood-sorrel. 

oxalic acid, (as'id), n. a poisonous 
acid obtained from sawdust. 

oxidability (-id-a-bil'i-ti), n. capa- 
bility of being converted into an 
oxide. 

oxidable ('i-da-bl), adj. capable of 
being converted into an oxide. 

oxidate, same as oxidize. |, 

oxidation (-da'shun), n. the opera- 
tion of converting into an oxide. 

oxide ('id), n. a compound of oxygen 
and a base. 

oxidize ('i-diz), v.t. to convert into 
an oxide : v.i. to be converted into 
an oxide. Also oxidate. 

oxlip ('lip), n. a variety of primula. 

oxy, a prefix occurring in various sci- 
entific words, meaning the presence 
of oxygen. 

oxygen ('i-jen), n. a colorless in- 
odorous gas, which with nitrogen 
and argon constitutes l-5th by vol- 
ume of the atmosphere, and in com- 
bination with hydrogen forms water. 

oxygenate ('i-jen-at), v.t. to com- 
bine with oxygen. Also oxygenize. 

oxygenation, same as oxidation. 

oxy hydrogen (-hl'dro-jen), adj. con- 
sisting of a mixture of oxgyen and 
hydrogen, as in the oxyhydrogen- 
blowpipe by which an intense heat 
is produced by the combination of 
the two gases. 

oxy tone ('i-ton), adj. having an 
acute sound ; having the last sylla- 
ble accented : n. an acute sound. 

oyer (o'yer), n. a hearing or trial of 
legal causes. 

oyer and terminer (ter'min-er), n. 
a court constituted by commission to 
hear and determine specified causes. 

oyes ('yes), interj. the introductory 
cry of an official or public crier de- 
manding silence. Also oyez. 

oyster (ois'ter), n. a bivalve mollusk 
of the genus Ostrea, much esteemed 
as a delicacy. 

oyster-plant (-plant), w. a plant 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n5rth, not ; boon. , 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



577 



ozo 



whose root, when cooked, has the 
flavor of oysters; salsify. 
ozone ('zon), n. an allotropic form 
of oxygen present in the atmosphere, 
especially after electrical disturb- 
ance, with a characteristic odor. 



ozonize ('zo-mz), v.t. to charge with 
ozone. 

ozonometer (-nom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for determining the pres- 
ence and amount of ozone in the 
atmosphere. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n&rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, *Aen. 




pa (pa), n. abbreviation of papa. 

pabulum (pab'ti-lum), n. food; nour- 
ishment. 

paca (pak'a), n. a small South 
American rodent of a dark-brown 
color spotted with white. 

[pace (pas), n. a step; manner of 
walking; length of one's movement 
of the foot in walking ; a linear 
measure, varying from 30 in. to 60 
in. ; rate of progress ; an amble : v.t. 
to measure by steps or paces : v.i. 
to walk slowly or deliberately ; am- 
ble. 

paced (past), p. adj. having a par- 
ticular manner of walking. 

paclia, same as pasha. 

pachycarpous (pak-i-kar'pus), adj. 
having a very thick pericarp. 

pachydactyl (-dak'til), n. an ani 
mal with thick toes. 

pachydermatous (-der'ma-tus), adj 
thick-skinned. 

pacific (pa-sif'ik), adj. peace-mak 
ing ; conciliatory ; mild ; peaceful 
tranquil. 

pacification (-i-ka'shun), n. the act 
of peace-making ; conciliation. 

pacificator (-sifi-ka-ter), n. a peace- 
maker. 

pacifier (pas'i-fi-er), n. one who 
pacifies. 

pacify Ci-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. paci- 
fied, p.pr. pacifying], to calm or ap- 
pease ; reconcile. 

pack (pak), n. a large bundle tied 
up for carriage ; load ; burden ; set 
of playing-cards ; great, number or 
quantity; gang; weight of wool — 
240 lbs. ; number of dogs kept for 
hunting : v.t. to bind and press to- 
gether, as goods for carriage ; load ; 



dismiss summarily or unceremoni- 
ously ; select and put together for 
an unjust object : v.t. to become firm- 
ly pressed ; depart or remove in 
haste. 

package ('aj), n. a bundle or bale of 
goods. 

packet ('et), n. a small pack, or par- 
cel ; a vessel sailing between two 
or more ports for the conveyance 
of passengers, mails, and merchau- 
dise at regular intervals. 

paco (pji'ko), n. the alpaca; an 
earthy brown oxide of iron contain- 
ing small quantities of native silver. 

pact (pakt), n. an agreement. 

pad (pad), n. a soft cushion; a thick 
mass of sheets of blotting paper for 
writing upon ; a slow-paced horse : 
v.i. [p.t. & p.p. padded, p.pr. pad- 
ding], to travel slowly: v.t. stufiE 
with padding. 

padding ('ing), n. material used for 
stuflBng ; the act of impregnating 
cloth with a mordant ; inserted mat- 
ter for filling out a newspaper or 
magazine article, &c. 

paddle ('1), v.i. to row slowly; play 
in the water : v.t. to propel by pad- 
dle or oar ; to spank : n. a short 
broad oar ; an oar blade ; one of the 
floats for propelling a steamship. 

paddle-wkeel (-hwel), n. a wheel 
with floats for propelling a steam- 
ship. 

paddock ('uk), n. a small field or 
enclosure adjacent to a stable for 
horses, &c. ; a large toad or frog. 

padlock (pad'lok), n. a lock with a 
link to pass through a staple or eye : 
v.t. to fasten with a padlock. 

padrone (pa-dro'na), n. a person, 



ate, arm, 



c, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, I 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



578 



pae 



579 



pal 



usually an Italian, who owns barrel 
organs and lets them out on hire; 
in Italy, a contractor for labor. 

psean. (pe'an), n. a triumphal song. 

psedobaptism (-do-bap'tizm), n. in- 
fant baptism. Also pedobaptism. 

pseony, same as peony. 

pagan, (pa'gan), n. a heathen; idola- 
ter : adj. heathen ; idolatrous. 

paganish (-ish), adj. heathenish. 

paganism (-izm), n. heathenism; 
idolatry. 

page (paj), n. a boy attending on a 
person of distinction ; a boy in liv- 
ery; a male attendant on a legisla- 
tive body ; one side of the leaf of a 
book ; a book or writing ; episode : 
v.t. to mark or number in pages. 

pageant (paj'ent), n. a theatrical 
show or spectacle; anything merely 
showy. 

pageantry (-ri), n. ostentatious dis- 
play. 

paginal ('i-nal), adj. consisting of 
pages. 

pagination (-na'shun), n. the mark- 
ing, numbering,' or making, into 
pages. Also paging. 

pagoda (pa-go'da), n. a Buddhist 
temple ; a Hindu idol temple ; an 
idol ; a gold or silver coin current 
in India. 

paid, p.t. & p.p. of pay. 

paidology (pa-dol'o-ji), n. scientific 
child study. 

pail (pal), n, an open vessel of wood 
or metal furnished with a handle 
for carrying water, &c. 

pailful ('fool), n. the quantity that 
a pail will hold. 

pain (pan), n. physical or mental 
suffering ; penalty : pi. diligent ef- 
fort ; throes of parturition : v.t. to 
cause physical or mental suffering ; 
render uneasy. 

painful ('fool), adj. full of, or caus- 
ing, pain. 

painfully (-li), adv. so as to cause 
pain. 

painfulness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being painful. 

paint (pant), v.t. to represent by 
delineation and colors ; depict ; be- 
smear or cover with color ; dye : v.i. 
to practice painting ; rouge : n. a 



coloring substance or pigment; 
rouge. 

painter ('er), n. one whose occupa- 
tion is to paint ; an artist who is 
skilled in depicting subjects in col- 
ors ; a rope for fastening a boat. 

painter's-colic ('erz-kol'ik), n. 
lead-poisoning. 

painting ('ing), n. the act, art, or 
occupation of laying on colors ; the 
representation of objects by delinea- 
tion and colors ; a picture ; vivid 
verbal description. 

pair (par), n. two things of a kiml^ 
similar in form, suited to each other, 
and used together ; couple ; married 
couple : v.t. to join in couples : v.i. 
to be joined in couples ; suit or be 
adapted to each other ; in a legisla- 
tive body, to offset votes, or agree te 
a pair-off. 

pair-off ('of), n. an agreement by 
two members on opposing sides of a 
measure to abstain from voting 
when the votes if cast would neu- 
tralize each other. 

pajamas (pa-ja'maz), n.pl. loose 
trousers of silk, &c. ; a kind of 
sleeping costume. 

pal (pal), n. an, intimate friend; ac- 
complice. 

palace (pal'as), n. the residence of 
a sovereign or bishop ; a magnifi- 
cent house or building. 

paladin ('a-din), n. a knight-errant, 
especially one of the knights of 
Charlemagne or Arthur. 

palseo, a prefix meaning ancient, as 
palwoUthic, adj. noting the earliest 
division of the Stone Age. 

palaeontology, same as paleontology. 

palaeozoic, same as paleozoic. 

palaestra, same as palestra. 

palanquin (pal-an-ken'), n. in India 
and China, a covered conveyance for 
one passenger borne on the shoulders 
of men. 

palatable ('a-ta-bl), adj. agreeable 
to the taste; savory. 

palatal ('a-tal), adj. pertaining to, 
or uttered by means of, the palate: 
n. a letter pronounced by means of 
the palate. 

palate ('at), n. the roof of the 
mouth ; taste or relish. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, */ien. 



pal 



580 



pal 



palatial (pa-la'shal), adj. pertaining 
to, or suitable to, a palace ; royal. 

palatinate (-lat'i-nat), n. the prov- 
ince^ or dignity of a palatine. 

palatine ('a-tin), adj. invested with 
royal privileges and rights, as cer- 
tain counties : n. one who is thus 
invested. 

palaver (pa-la'ver), n. a public con- 
ference [African] ; superfluous or 
idle talk ; chatter : v.t. to talk over ; 
deceive by words : v.i. to confer ; 
chatter. 

pale (pal), adj. not of a fresh or 
ruddy complexion ; wan ; wanting in 
color ; of a faint luster : n. a narrow 
board used in fencing; a pointed 
stake ; space inclosed by rails ; lim- 
it ; district or territory : v.i. to turn 
pale : v.t. to inclose with, or as with, 
pales. 

paleontologist ( pa-le-on-tol'o-jist ) , 
n. one who is skilled in paleontology. 

paleontology _('o-ji), n. that brancli 
of geology which treats of fossil re- 
mains. 

Paleozoic (-o-zo'ik), adj. noting the 
fossiliferous strata in which the 
earliest forms of life appear. 

palestra (pa-les'tra), n. a place for 
wrestling or gymnastic exercises. 

palette (pal'et), n. a thin oval wood 
or porcelain plate for mixing and 
holding colors. 

palfrey (pawl'fri), n. a small saddle- 
horse for a lady's use. 

Pali (pa'le), n. the sacred language 
of the Buddhists, allied to. Sanskrit. 

palimpsest (pal'imp-sest), n. a 
parchment manuscript which, after 
the writing upon it has been par- 
tially erased, is used again, the for- 
mer writing being more or less dis- 
cernible. 

palindrome ('in-drom), n. a word, 
verse, or sentence which reads the 
same backwards or forwards, as 
"Able was I ere I saw Elba." 

paling ('ing), n. a fence constructed 
of pales ; materials for a fence of 
pales. 

palingenesis (pal-in-jen'i-sis), n. 
new birth or regeneration ; inherited 
evolution. 

palisade (-i-sad'), n. a fence or forti- 
fication formed of stakes driven into 



the ground and pointed at the top ; 
v.t. to inclose or fortify with stakes. 

palish (pal'ish), adj. somewhat pale. 

pall (pawl), n. a cloak or mantle; a 
kind of scarf of lamb's wool sent by 
the Pope to an archbishop on his 
consecration (also pallium) ; a cof- 
fin covering : v.i. to become insipid ; 
lose strength : v.t. to make insipid. 

palladium (pal-a-di'um), n. any 
safeguard of a liberty, or privilege: 
from the statue of Pallas at Troy, 
said to have fallen from heaven, and 
on the preservation of which de- 
pended the safety of the city; a 
rare greyish metal found with plat- 
inum. 

pallet ('et), n. a pallette; a name 
for various tools used in gilding, 
pottery, horology, &c. ; a small piece 
of the mechanism of a watch ; a 
small rough bed. 

palliate ('i-at), v.t. to excuse or 
cover over ; extenuate ; lessen or 
abate. 

palliation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
palliating ; extenuation ; mitigation. 

palliative ('i-a-tiv), adj. tending to 
lessen or mitigate. 

pallid ('id), adj. pale; wan. 

pallium, see under pall. 

pall-mall (pel-mel'), n. a game for- 
merly played with a ball which was 
driven through an iron ring by a 
mallet. 

pallor (pal'er), n. paleness. 

palm (piim), n. the inner part of the 
hand ; a linear measure of varying 
length (from 3 to 4 in.) ; a tree of 
various species of the order Palmse ; 
a palm branch symbolical of victory 
or rejoicing : v.t. to conceal in the 
palm of the hand ; impose upon by 
fraud (with off). 

palmate (pal'mat), adj. resembling a 
hand with the fingers outstretched ; 
web-footed. 

palmer (pam'er), n. a pilgrim to the 
Holy Land who carried a palm 
branch as a token of his pilgrimage. 

palmetto (pal-met'o), n. a species of 
palm-tree, the cabbage-tree palm._ 

palmist (pal'mist), adj. pertaining 
to palmistry. 

palmister (-er), n. one who pro- 
fesses palmistry. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, thQn. 



pal 



581 



pan 



palmistry ('mis-tri), n. the pretend- 
ed art of foretelling the future by 
examination of the lines and marks 
of a person's hand. 

paliuitin ('mi-tin), n. a solid fatty 
substance obtained from vegetable 
oils, &c. 

Palm Sunday (pam sun'da), n. the 
Sunday next before Easter, held in 
commemoration of Christ's trium- 
phal entry into Jerusalem. 

palmy (papa'i), adj. abounding in 
palms ; flourishing ; prosperous. 

palpability (pal-pa-bil'i-ti), n. the 
I state or quality of being palpable. 

I Also palpableness. 

i palpable ('pa-bl), adj. easily per- 
ceived ; obvious. 

palpably ('pa-bli), adv. obviously. 

palpitate ('pi-tat), v.i. to beat or 
throb. 

palpitation (-ta'shun), n. abnormal 
beating or throbbing of the heart. 

palsied (pawl'zid), p. adj. affected 
with palsy. 

palsy ('zi), n. paralysis: v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. palsied, p.pr. palsying], to par- 
alyze. 

palter ('ter), v.i. to trifle; act insin- 
cerely. 

paltry (!tri), adj. worthless; con- 
temptible. 

pampas (pam'paz), n.pl. in South 
America, vast treeless plains cov- 
ered with luxuriant pasture. 

'pamper ('per), v.t. to feed luxurious- 
ly ; satiate. 

pampero (-pa'ro), n. a strong south- 
west wind that blows across the 
pampas of South America. 

pamphlet ('flet), n. a small unbound 
book, usually on some current topic, 
of one or more sheets stitched to- 
gether. 

pamphleteer (-er'), n. a writer of 
pamphlets : v.i. to write pamphlets. 

pan, a prefix meaning all, universal, 
as paw-Anglican : n. a broad shallow 
vessel ; that part of an old flint- 
lock which held the priming. 

panacea (pan-a-se'a), n. a universal 
remedy or medicine. 

panada (pa-na'da), n. a bread pulp: 
bread soaked in sweetened boiled 
water and flavored with nutmeg. 



pancake ('kak), n. a thin cake of 
batter fried. 

pancratic (-krat'ik), adj. excelling 
in gymnastic exercises : from an 
athletic contest (pancratium) of the 
ancient Greeks. 

pancreas ('kre-as), n. a large fleshy 
gland (the sweetbread) situated 
under and behind the stomach se- 
creting a fluid that assists in the 
process of digestion. 

pancreatic (-at'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or secreted by, the pancreas. 

pancreatin ('kre-a-tin), n. an albu- 
minoid principle in the fluid of the 
pancreas. 

panda ('da), n. the Himalayan bear- 
cat. 

Pandean (-de'an), adj. pertaining to 
the god Pan, the tutelary deity of 
shepherds. ^ 

Pandean-pipes (-pips), n.pl. a mu- 
sical wind instrument consisting of 
short reeds of varying length blown 
by the breath. Also Pan's-pipes. 

Pandect ('dekt), n. the digest of the 
Roman or civil law. 

pandemonium (-de-mo'ni-um), n. a 
place or abode of general disorder. 

pander ('der), v.i. to act as an agent 
for the gratification of the passions. 

pandit, another form of pundit. 

pane (pan), n. a square of glass; a 
piece in variegated work. 

panegyric (-e-jir'ik), n. an ovation 
or eulogy in praise of some person 
or event; encomium. 

panegyrize ('e-jir-iz), v.t. to praise 
or commend highly : v.i. to bestow 
praise. 

panel ('el), n. a piece of board, the 
edges of which are inserted in a 
frame ; a thin board on which a pic- 
ture is painted ; a schedule contain- 
ing the names of persons summoned 
to serve as jurors ; the jury ; in 
Scots law, the prisoner at the bar : 
v.t. to form with panels. 

pang (pang), n. a violent sudden 
pain ; agony, mental or physical. 

panic ('ik),' n. a sudden fright; a 
kind of millet: adj. suddenly, and 
violently alarming : said of fear. 

pannier ('ni-er), n. one of two bas- 
kets suspended across the back of a 
horse, for carrying market produce. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, th^n. 



pan 



582 



pap 



panoplied ('o-plid), adj. furnished 
with a complete suit of armor. 

panoply ('5-pli), n. a complete suit 
of armor. 

panopticon (-op'ti-kon), n. a prison 
so arranged that the warder on 
duty can see all the prisoners with- 
out himself being visible ; a kind of 
polytechnic ; a room for the exhibi- 
tion of novelties, &c. 

panorama (-o-riim'a), n. a picture, 
viewed from a central standpoint, of 
several scenes unrolled and made to 
pass before the spectator. 

panoramic (-ram'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or like, a panorama. 

Panslavic (-slav'ik), adj. pertaining 
to all the Slavic races or Panslavism. 

Panslavism ('izm), n. a Russian 
movement for the political union of 
all the Slavic races. 

pansy ('zi), n. the heart's-ease. 

pant (pant), v.i. to breathe rapidly, 
desire ardently (with for or after) : 
77. rapid breathing: pi. abbreviation 
for pantaloons. 

pantagrapli, same as pantograph. 

pantalettes (pan-ta-lets') , n.pl. loose 
drawers for women or children. 

pantaloon ('a-loon), n. a buffoon in 
a pantomime : pi. a pair of tight 
trousers. 

pantamorphic (-mor'fik), adj. tak- 
ing all shapes. 

pantheism ('the-izm), n. the doc- 
trine that the universe in its totality 
is God. 

panth.eist (-ist), n. a believer in 
pantheism. 

pantheistic (-is'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to pantheism. 

Pantheon ' ('the-on), n. a temple 
dedicated to all the Gods, especially 
that of ancient Rome dedicated to 
Mars and Jupiter. 

panther ('ther), n. a fierce feline 
carnivorous animal. Fern, pan- 
theress. 

pantile ('til), n. a curved tile. 

pantochronometer ( -to-kro-nom'e- 
ter), n. an instrument which com- 
bines the sun-dial, compass, and a 
time-dial. 

pantograph ('to-graf), n. an in- 
strument for copying drawings, de- 



signs, &c., on an enlarged or re- 
duced scale. Also pantagraph. 

pantology (-tol'o-ji), n. universal 
knowledge. 

pantometer (-tom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring angles, ele- 
vations, distances, &c. 

pantomime ('to-mim), n. a repre- 
sentation in dumb show ; a popular 
Christmastide theatrical entertain- 
ment with music, dancing, «&;c. 

pantomimic (-mim'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to a pantomime. Also panto- 
mimical. 

pantomimist ('to-mim-ist), n. one 
who acts in pantomime. 

pantry ('tri), n. a provision closet. 

pap (pap), n. soft food for infants,- 
a nipple, teat, or breast ; pulp of 
fruit. 

papa (pa-pa', or pa^'pa), n. a word of 
endearment for father. 

papacy (pa'pa-si), n. the office, dig- 
nity, or authority, of the Pope : 
popes collectively ; Roman Catholic 
religion. 

papal ('pal), adj. pertaining to the 
Pope, or the Church of Rome. 

papa-w (-paw'), n. an East Indian 
fruit tree. 

paper (pa'per), n, a thin flexible 
substance made of various materials, 
as linen, straw, &c., used for writing 
or printing upon ; a piece of paper ; 
newspaper ; an essay or literary 
contribution; written instrument; 
bank-notes or bills of exchange : adj. 
made of paper ; thin : v.t. to cover 
with, or wrap in, paper. 

papeterie (pap'e-tre), n. a case con- 
taining paper and writing materials. 

papier-mache (pap-ya'ma-sha'), n. 
paper pulp molded and made into 
trays, &c., and japanned. 

papilla (-pil'a), n. [pi. papillae 
Ce)], a small nipple: pi. minute 
elevations on the tongue, &c. 

papillary ( pap'il-er-i ) , adj. pertain- 
ing to a nipple or the papillae ; cov- 
ered with papillae. 

papoose (-poos'), n. a young child 
[North American Indian]. 

pappus (pap'us), n. the feathery sub- 
stance on the seed of certain plants : 
the calyx of a composite flower. 

pappy ('i), adj. resembling pap. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 




Copyright, Underwood & Underwood. 

PANAMA CANAL. 

Upper view shows Miraflores twin locks, total lift about 55 feet. Lower view 

shows approach to Guard Gate, Gatiin. 



pap 



583 



par 



papyrus (pa-pi'rus), n. [pi. papyri 
pri)], a species of Egyptian reed, 
from which the ancients made pa- 
per ; a manuscript on papj'rus. 

par (par), n. state of equality; nomi- 
nal and market value. 

para, a prefix meaning Itepond, teside, 
divergence, as paracentric, 

parable (par'a-bl), n. an allegorical 
method of conveying instruction by 
means of a fable or short fictitious 
narrative ; a comparison or simili- 
tude. 

parabola (-ab'o-la), n. one of the 
conic sections formed by the inter- 
section of the cone by a plane par- 
allel to one of its sides. 

parabolic (-a-bol'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or formed like, a- parabola ; 
allegorical. Also parabolical. 

paraboloid (pa-rab'o-loid), n. a solid 
. generated by the revolution of a 
parabola on its axis. 

parachute ('a-shoot), n. an umbrella- 
shaped apparatus for descending 
from a balloon. 

Paraclete ('a-klet), n. a title of the 
Holy Ghost, the Comforter, and Ad- 
vocate. 

parade (pa-rad'), n. ostentatious dis- 
play ; show ; military display ; place 
of assembly for exercising troops : 
v.t. to marshal in military order : 
make a display of : v.i. to exhibit, 
or walk about ostentatiously. 

paradigm (par'a-dim), n. an exam- 
ple or model ; example of the gram- 
matical inflection of a word. 

paradise ('a-dls), n. the garden of 
Eden ; any place of happiness ; 
heaven. 

paradox ('a-doks), n. something ap- 
parently absurd or incredible, yet 
true ; a tenet contrary to received 
opinions. 

paradoxical ('i-kal), adj. of the na- 
ture of a paradox. 

paradoxically (-li), adv. in a para- 
doxical manner. 

paraffin ('a-fin), n. a white crystal- 
line substance obtained by distilla- 
tion from wood^ shale, &c. 

paragoge (-go'je), n. the addition of 
a letter or syllable to the end of a 
word. 

paragon ('a-gon), n. something of 



extraordinary excellence ; model or 
pattern of perfection : v.t. to equal 
or compare. 

paragraph ('a-graf), n. a small sub- 
division of a connected discourse ; a 
short passage ; a reference mark 
(^) ; an item of newspaper intelli- 
gence. 

paragraphic ('ik), adj. consisting 
of paragraphs. Also paragraphical. 

paragraphist ('a-graf-ist), n. a 
writer of newspaper paragraphs. 

parallax ('al-laks), n. the apparent 
angular shifting of an object caused 
by change in the position of the ob- 
server, especially the difference in 
the apparent position of a heavenly 
body and its true place. 

parallel ('al-lel), adj. lying side by 
side ; extended in the same direction 
and equi-distant at all points ; hav- 
ing the same direction or tendency : 
corresponding : n. a line equidistant 
at all points from another line ; re- 
semblance or likeness : pi. trenches 
in front of a fortified place parallel 
to the defenses : v.t. to place so as 
to be parallel ; correspond to ; equal. 

parallelism (-izm), n. the state or 
quality of being parallel ; corre- 
spondence. 

parallelogram ('o-gram), n. a plane 
4-sided figure whose opposite sides 
are parallel and equal. 

parallelepiped (-e-pip'ed), n. a reg- 
ular solid figure bounded by 6 paral- 
lelograms, of which the opposite 
pairs are equal and parallel. 

paralysis (pa-ral'i-sis), n. loss of the 
power of sensation of one or more 
parts of the body; palsy. 

paralytic (par-a-lit'ik), adj. per- 
taining to, affected by, or inclined 
to, paralysis : n. one who is affected 
with paralysis. 

paralyze ('a-llz), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
paralyzed, p.pr. paralyzing], to af- 
fect with paralysis ; unnerve ; ren- 
der useless or ineffective. 

paramount (par'a-mount), adj. su- 
perior to all others ; eminent or 
chief : n. the highest in rank or 
authority. 

parapet ('a-pet), n. a wall breast- 
high ; a rampart to protect troops 
from the fire of an enemy. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



par 



584 



par 



a form of 



paranoia _(par-a-noi'a) 
monomania. 

paranoiac (par-a-noi'ak), n. one af- 
fected with paranoia; a monoma- 
niac. 

paraphernalia (-fer-na'li-a), n.pL 
tlie apparel, jewels, &c., of a wife 
which she possesses over and above 
her dowry ; ornaments of dress gen- 
erally ; equipment ; trappings. 

paraphrase ('a-fraz), n. a free 
translation or explanation ; a hymn 
based on some Scriptural passage : 
v.t. make a free translation of ; ex- 
plain in many words : v.i. to make 
a paraphrase. 

paraphrastic (-fras'tik), adj. free 
or clear in explanation ; of the na- 
ture of a paraphrase. Also para- 
phrastical. 

paraphrastically (-al-li), adv. in a 
paraphrase. 

paraplegia (-ple'ji-a), n. paralysis 
of the lower half of the body. 

parasite ('a-sit), n. one who fre- 
quents the table of a rich man and 
gains his favor by flattery ; a hang- 
er-on ; an animal or plant nour- 
ished by another to which it at- 
taches itself. 

parasitic (-sit'ik), adj. of the nature 
of a parasite ; meanly servile or 
fawning ; living at the expense of 
another animal or plant. Also para- 
sitical. 

parasitically (-al-li), adv. like a 
parasite. 

parasitism ('a-sit-izm), n. the state 
or behavior of a parasite. 

parasol ( 'a-sol ) , n. a. lady's sunshade. 

parataxis (-a-taks'is), n. a loose ar- 
rangement of sentences : opposed to 
syntax. 

parathesis (pa-rath'e-sis), n. appo- 
sition ; in printing or writing, 
bracketed matter. 

parboil (par'boil), v.t. to boil par- 
tially. 

parbuckle ('buk-1), n. a rope formed 
into a double sling for hoisting 
casks, &c. : v.t. to hoist by means of 
a parbuckle. 

Parcse ('se), n.pl. in classic mythol- 
ogy, the three Fates, Clotlw, Lache- 
sis, and Atropos, who controlled the 
destiny of every mortal. 



parcel ('sel), n. a small bundle or 
package ; little part : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
parceled, p.pr. parceling], to divide 
into parts. 

parceling (-ing), n. long narrow 
strips of tarred canvas to prevent 
friction. 

parcenary ('sen-a-ri), n. co-heirship. 

parcener ('sen-er), n. a co-heir. 

parch (parch), v.t. to scorch; burn 
slightly ; dry to excess. 

parchment ('ment), n. the skin of a 
sheep, goat, &c., dressed and pre- 
pared for writing upon ; a deed : 
adj. made of, or like, parchment. 

pard (pard), n. a leopard; any spot- 
ted beast. 

pardon (par'dn), v.t. to forgive; ab- 
solve : n. forgiveness ; absolution ; 
official remission of a penalty. 

pardoner (-er), n. one who pardons ; 
formerly, a cleric who was licensed 
to sell papal indulgences. 

pare (par), v.t. to cut away little 
by little ; reduce or diminish. 

paregoric (par-e-gor'ik), n. a tinc- 
ture of opium to assuage pain : adi, 
mitigating pain. 

pareira (pa-ra'ra), n. the root of a 
Brazilian plant, used in medicine. 

parenchyma (-reng'ki-ma), n. the 
soft cellular tissue or pith of plants ; 
the soft tissue of the glandular or- 
gans of the body. 

parenchymous ('ki-mus), adj. per- 
taining to, or like, parenchyma : 
soft ; spongy. Also parenchymatous, 

parent (pa'rent), n. a father or 
mother ; origin. 

parentage (-aj), n. extraction; 
birth. 

parental (-ren'tal), adj. pertaining 
to, or becoming, parents ; fond. 

parentally (-li), adv. like a parent. 

parenthesis (pa-ren'the-sis), n. [pi. 
parentheses (-sez)], an explanatory 
word or clause inserted in a sen- 
tence, which is grammatically com- 
plete without it : indicated by the 
marks ( ) , 

parenthetical ( par - en - thet'i - kal ) , 
adj. expressed in a parenthesis ; us- 
ing parentheses. 

parenthetically (-li), adv. in a par- 
enthetical manner. 

paresis (par'e-sis), n. insanity with 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon , 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



par 



585 



par 



general motor paralysis ; softening 
of the brain. 

parhelion (par-he'li-on), w. a mock 
sun ; a bright light seen near the 
sun. 

pariah, (pa'ri-a), n. one of the low- 
est class of Hindus without caste : 
hence an outcast. 

Parian (pa'ri-an), adj. pertaining to, 
or found in, the Isle of Paros, famed 
for its marble : n. a fine porcelain 
used for statuettes, &c. 

parietal (pa-ri'e-tal), adj. pertain- 
ing to a wall or side; forming the 
wall or side : said of the large lat- 
eral bones of the head ; growing 
from the wall or side of another 
organ. 

parish (par'ish), n. an ecclesiastical 
district under the particular charge 
of priest, clergyman, or minister ; a 
district having its own ofiicers for 
the care of the poor of such a dis- 
trict ; a congregation : adj. pertain- 
ing to, or maintained by, a parish. 

parishioner ('on-er), n. one who 
belongs to a parish. 

Parisian (pa-riz'i-an), n. a native 
or inhabitant of Paris. 

pari, a prefix meaning equal. 

parisyllabic (par-i-sil-ab'ik), adj. 
having an equal number of syllable's. 

parity ('i-ti), n. equality; likeness. 

park (park), n. a large inclosed 
piece of ground surrounding a man- 
sion, or used as a public place for 
recreation ; the train of artillery be- 
longing to an army division; an 
artillery encampment: v.t. to in- 
close, or collect, in a park ; com- 
pact. 

parlance (par'lans), w. conversation: 
idiom of conversation. 

parley ('li), w. a conference, especial- 
ly with an enemy : v'.i. Uj.t. & p.p. 
parleyed, p.pr. parleying], to hold 
a conference, especially with an 
enemy with a view to peace. 

Parliament ('li-ment), n. the su- 
preme legislative assembly of Great 
Britain and Ireland, consisting of 
the Sovereign, the -House of Lords, 
and the House of Commons. 

parliamentarian (-men-ta'ri-an), n. 
one who is versed in parliamentary 
law and usages. 



parliamentary ('ta-ri), adj. per- 
taining to, enacted by, or in ac- 
cordance with the usages of, Par- 
liament. 

parlor ('ler), n. reception room; 
drawing room. 

Parnassian (-nas'i-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to Mt. Parnassus in Greece, the 
abode of the Muses ; of or pertaining 
to poetry. " 

parochial (pa-ro'ki-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to a parish ; narrow-minded. 

parodist (par'o-dist), n. one who 
parodies. 

parody ('o-di), n. [pi. parodies 
(-diz)], a burlesque imitation of a 
serious poem : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. par- 
odied, p.pr. parodying], to convert 
into a parody. 

parole (pa-rol'), n. a word of honor, 
especially one given by a prisoner 
of war that in return for conditional 
freedom he will return to custody 
on a specified day ; the daily pass- 
word in a camp or garrison. 

paronym (par'o-nim), n. a parony- 
mous word. 

paronymous (-on'i-mus), adj. of the 
same derivation, but different in 
spelling and meaning. 

paroqnet, same as parrakeet. 

paroxysm ('oks-izm), n. a sudden 
spasm, or fit of acute pain ; sudden 
action or convulsion. 

paroxysmal (-iz'mal), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or occuring in, paroxysms. 

parquet, parquette (par-kef), n. 
the floor space of a theater between 
the orchestra-rail and dress-circle. 

parquetry ('ket-ri), n. mosaic wood- 
work for floors. 

parr (par), n. a young salmon. 

parrakeet (par'a-ket), n. a small 
long-tailed parrot. Also paraquet, 
paroquet. 

parricidal ('i-sid-al), adj. pertaining 
to parricide. 

parricide ('i-sid), n. the murderer 
of a father or mother ; murder of a 
parent. 

parrot ('ot), n. a tropical bird with 
a hooked bill, characterized by its 
brilliant plumage and its power of 
imitating the human voice. 

parrot-fish (-fish), n. a brilliant 
hued fish of the tropical seas. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; n5te, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut ; think, then. 



par 



586 



par 



parry ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. parried, 
p.pr. parrying], to ward off, as a 
blow. 

parse (pars), v.t. to resolve by gram- 
matical rules a sentence into its 
component parts, and show the re- 
lation of the various parts of speech. 

Parsee (par'se), n. a descendant of 
the old Persians, holding the Zoroas- 
trian faith, and now li-ving in India. 
Also Parsi, 

Parseeism (-izm), n. the religion of 
the Parsees. Also Parsiism. 

Parsi, same as Parsee. _ 

parsimonious (-si-mo'ni-us), adj. 
frugal to excess ; miserly ; penurious. 

parsimony ('si-mon-i), n. closeness 
in expenditure ; niggardliness. 

parsley (pars'li), n. a culinary herb. 

parsnip ('nip), n. an edible plant 
with a carrot-like root. 

parson (par'sn), n. the incumbent of 
a parish ; a clergyman. 

parsonage (-aj), n. an ecclesiastical 
benefice ; the residence of an incum- 
bent. 

part (part), w. something less than 
the whole ; piece ; portion ; propor- 
tional quantity ; ingredient ; share ; 
member or organ ; side or party ; 
concern ; business ; portion of a work 
issued in numbers at stated inter- 
vals ; any one of the characters of a 
play ; one of the melodies in a har- 
mony : pi. faculties, qualities, or ac- 
complishments ; regions ; quarters : 
v.t. to divide into two or more 
pieces ; distribute ; separate : v.i. to 
be separated or divided ; take leave. 

partake (par-tak'), v.i. [p.t. par- 
took, p.p. partaken, p.pr. partak- 
ing], to take a part or share in 
common with others. 

parterre (-tar'), n. a series of flower 
beds arranged ornamentally, with in- 
tervening spaces of gravel or turf. 

parthenogenesis ( -then-o-jen'e-sis ) , 
n. reproduction of animals or plants 
by means of unimpregnated germs 
or ova. 

Parthenon ('the-non), n. the temple 
of Athene (Minerva) at Athens. 

partial ( 'shal ) , adj. inclined to favor 
one side or party ; biased. 

partially (-li), adv. in a partial 
manner. 



partiality (-shi-al'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being partial. 

participant (-tis'i-pant), adj. shar- 
ing : n. one who shares or partakes. 

participate ('i-pat), v.i. to partake: 
v.t. to have part of ; share. 

participation (-pa'shun), n. the 
act of sharing something with 
others ; division into shares ; com- 
panionship. 

participator ('i-pa-ter), n. one who 
partakes with another. 

participial (-ti-sip'i-al), adj. having 
the nature of a participle. 

participle ('ti-si-pl), n. a word 
which partakes of the nature of a 
verb and of an adjective. 

particle ('i-kl), n. an atom;, the 
smallest part into which a body can 
be divided ; a word non-inflected, or 
not used alone ; a crumb of conse- 
crated bread. 

parti-colored (par'ti-kul-erd), adj. 
having various colors. 

particular (-tik'u-lar), adj. distinct 
from others ; individual ; peculiar or 
special ; characteristic ; exclusive ; 
exact ; minute. 

particularity (-lar'i-ti), n. circum- 
stantiality. 

particularize ('ti-lar-iz), v.t. to give 
the particulars of : v.i. be attentive 
to single things or details. 

particularly ('ti-lar-li), adv. espe- 
cially. 

parting ('ing), p.adj. separating; 
given when separating : n. division ; 
separating ; a taking leave ; a divi' 
sion in strata. 

partisan (par'ti-zan), n. an adher- 
ent of a party or faction ; a kind of 
halberd : adj. pertaining to, or 
biased in favor of, a party, &c. 

partisanship (-ship), n. the state 
of being a partisan. 

partite ('tit), adj. divided almost to 
the base. 

partition (-tish'un), n. the act or 
state of being divided ; separation : 
distribution ; a dividing wall ; part 
where separation is made : v.t. di- 
vide into shares ; divide by walls. 

partitive ('ti-tiv), adj. noting a 
part : n. a word that denotes a part 
or expresses partition. 

partly (part'li), adv. in part. 



ate, arm. 



:, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue,, hut ; think, then. 



I 




1. Pur>_:. __.,_' :^.::;y. — 2. Tri-colored Crested Cockatoo. — ^ CreenAMn^ed IM-iea^ — 4 Vlexam i 
— 8. Common Gray Parrot. — 9. Tabuan or Australian Parrot. — 10. Warbling Grass or Zebra Pa 




'arrakeet — 5. Kakapo or Owl Par: 



rot -6. Blue-crowned Parrot. -7. Rose-colored Love-bird. 



I 



par 



587 



pas 



partner ('ner), n. one who is as- 
sociated with another, especially in 
a business, &c. ; an associate ; one 
who dances with another; a hus- 
band or wife. 

partnership (-ship), n. the state of 
being a partner; union of two or 
more persons in the same business 
or profession. 

partook, p.t, of partake. 

partridge (par'trij), n. a well- 
known gallinaceous bird of the 
genus Perdix, preserved as game. 

parturition (-tti-rish'un), n, the act 
of bringing forth young. 

party ('ti), n, [pi. parties ('tiz)], 
a number of persons united together 
for a particular purpose ; faction ; 
one concerned in an affair ; cause or 
side ; a select company ; single indi- 
vidual spoken of. 

party- wall (-wawl), n, a common 
wall separating two tenements. 

paschal (pas'kal), adj, pertaining to 
the feast of the Passover or Easter. 

pasha (pash'aw), n. a Turkish title 
given to high officials. Also pacha. 

pashalic (-lik), n. the jurisdiction of 
a pasha. Also pachalic. 

pasquinade (pas-kwin-ad')",w.a lam- 
poon or rude satire : v.f, to lampoon 
or satirize. 

pass (pas), v.i, to move from one 
place or state to another; be pro- 
gressive; change by degrees; disap- 
pear ; be enacted ; be current : v.t. 
to go beyond, or through, or by; 
cause to move onward; omit; dis- 
i'egard ; give authority to ; transfer ; 
void ; utter or pronounce : n. a nar- 
row passage, avenue, or entrance ; 
defile ; license or permission, state of 
extremity ; a thrust. 

passable ('a-bl), adj. that may be 
passed, traveled, or navigated ; ca- 
pable of bearing inspection ; toler- 
able. 

passage ('aj), n. the act of passing; 
course or journey ; entrance or exit ; 
right of passing ; legal enactment ; 
single clause or portion of a book ; 
migratory habits. 

pass-book ('book), n. a book which 
passes between a merchant and his 
customer and contains the entries 



of goods sold on credit ; a bank-book 
held by the depositor. 

passenger ('en-jer), n. one who trav- 
els in or on a conveyance ; one who 
passes. 

passe (-a'), adj. past; worn out or 
faded [French]. 

passerine ('er-in), adj. pertaining to 
the Passeres, the order of birds 
which includes the swallows and 
sparrows. 

passing (pas'ing), p.adj, departing: 
adv. exceedingly : n. the act of going 
by ; transit. 

passing-bell (-bel), n. a bell tolled 
immediately after the death of a 
person. 

passion (pash'un), n. violent agita- 
tion of mind in anger ; strong deep 
feeling or excitement ; love ; ardor ; 
intense desire. 

Passion, n. the sufferings of Christ 
in his last agonies. 

passionate (-at), adj. moved by pas- 
sion ; angry ; excitable. 

passionately (-li), adv. with pas- 
sion. 

passion-flower (-flou-er), n. sl flow- 
er of the genus Passiflora. 

Passion play (pla), n. a dramatic 
representation of the Passion of the 
Saviour. 

Passion Sunday (sun'da), n. the 
5th Sunday in Lent. 

Passion week (wek), n. the week 
following Passion Sunday. 

passive ('iv), adj. suffering without 
resisting ; not acting ; submissive ; 
quiescent. 

passive verb (verb), n. that form of 
a verb in which the object of the 
active verb becomes the subject. 

Passover (pas'o-ver), n. a Jewish 
feast commemorative of the passing 
of the destroying angel over the 
houses of the Israelites when he 
slew the first-born of the Egyptians. 

passport ('port), n. a license to 
travel in a foreign country. 

password ('werd), n. a word by 
means of which friends are distin- 
guished from strangers or enemies. 

past (past), p.adj. having formerly 
been ; gone by ; completed : n. the 
time gone by : adv. along : prep, be- 
yond. 



6te, arm, asK, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book : hue, hut ; think, then. 



.pas 



588 



pat 



paste (past), n. a mixture of flour, 
&c., with water, used as a cement ; 
dough prepared for pies, &c. ; a com- 
position for making artificial gems : 
v.t. to fasten with paste. 

pasteboard ('bord), n. thick stiff 
paper ; a board on which dough is 
rolled. 

pastel (pas'tel), n. a colored crayon. 

paster (pas'ter), n. strip of gummed 
paper with printed matter on it, 
for covering over other printed mat- 
ter, &c. 

pasteurize (pas'tur-iz), v.t. to inocu- 
late with the bacillus which pro- 
duces a specific disease. 

pastil ('til), n. a small cone of aro- 
matic paste used for fumigating a 
room ; a medicated lozenge. Also 
pastille (pas-tel'), 

pastime (pas'tim), n. diversion; 
sport. 

pastor ('ter), n. a clergyman or min- 
ister having spiritual charge of a 
church and congregation. 

pastoral (-al), adj. pertaining to 
shepherds, or to the care of a 
church ; rural ; addressed to the 
clergy of a diocese by its bishop : n. 
a kind of dramatic poem, delineating 
incidents in rural life ; a bishop's 
pastoral letter. 

pastorate ('ter-at), n. the ofiice or 
jurisdiction of a pastor. Also pas- 
torship. 

pastry (pas'tri), n. articles of food, as 
pies, &c,» made of light puffy dough. 

pasturable (pas'tur-a-bl), adj. suited 
for pasturing. 

pasturage ('tur-aj), n. the business 
of grazing cattle ; pasture. 

pasture ('tur), n. land under grass 
for grazing cattle ; grass for graz- 
ing : v.t. to supply with grass or 
pasture : v.i. to graze. 

pasty (past'i), adj. like paste; a 
small pie of crust raised without a 
dish. 

pat '(pat), n. a light quick blow with 
the hand; a small lump of butter 
made up : adj. apt ; exact : adv. fit- 
ly : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. patted, p.pr. pat- 
ting], to strike gently and quickly 
with the fingers or hand. 

patch (pach), n. a piece applied to 
cover a hole or rent ; a piece in- 



serted in variegated work ; a plot of 
ground : v.t. to put a patch on ; 
mend clumsily. 

patchouli (pa-choo'li), n. an Indian 
plant, from the dried roots of which 
a strong odoriferous perfume is 
made. 

pate (pat), n. the head; crown of the 
head. 

paten (pat'en), n. the plate used for 
the bread at the Eucharist. 

patent (pat'ent, or pa'tent), adj. ap- 
parent ; open to the perusal of all ; 
secured by letters patent ; spreading 
widely : n. a privilege granted by 
letters patent, as a title of nobility, 
or the sole right in an invention,: 
v.t. to grant or secure by letters* 
patent. 

patentee (-e'), n. one who has se- 
cured a patent. 

patent-leather (-leth-er) , n. a var- 
nished or japanned leather. 

patent-yelloiv (-yel-o), n. a pig- 
ment or paint composed of oxide anci 
chloride of lead. 

patera (pat'er-a), n. a shallow cir- 
cular dish ; a flat ornament on a 
frieze. 

paterfamilias (pa-ter-fa-Hiiri-as), n. 
the father of a family. 

paternal ('ter-nal), adj. pertaining 
to, or exhibiting the characteristics 
of, a father ; hereditary. 

paternally (-li), adv. in a paternal 
manner. 

paternity (-ter-ni-ti), n. paternal re- 
lation ; authorship. 

paternoster (pa-ter-nos'ter), n. the 
Lord's Prayer ; a rosary ; every 11th 
bead in a rosary. 

path (path), n. a road; footway; 
track ; course of conduct or action. 

pathetic (pa-thet'ik), adj. affecting 
the emotions or passions ; touching. 
Also pathetical. 

pathetically (-al-li), adv. in a pa- 
thetical manner. 

pathogenetic (path-o-jen-et'ik), adj. 
producing disease. 

pathogeny (pa-thoj'e-ni), n. the 
science of the origin of diseases. 

pathological (path-o-loj'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to pathology. 

pathologist (pa-thol'o-jist), n. one 
skilled in pathology. 



ate, iirm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ill 



pat 



589 



pav 



patliology ('o-ji), n. the science of 

diseases. 

pathos (pa'thos), n. expression of 
deep feeling ; that which excites the 
mental emotions. 

patience ('shens), n. the quality of 
being patient or calmly enduring. 

patient ('shent), adj. suffering pain, 
hardship, affliction, insult, &c., with 
calmness and equanimity ; continu- 
ance of labor ; persevering ; waiting 
with calmness : n. a person under 
medical treatment. 

patina (pat'i-na), n. the fine green 
rust with which coins, ancient 
bronzes, &c., become covered by age, 
&c. 

patness ('nes), n. appropriateness. 

patois (pa-twa'), n. provincial dialect. 

patriarch (pa'tri-ark), n. the foun- 
der or head of a family ; an aged 
man ; in the Greek Church, a metro- 
politan dignitaryof the highest rank. 

patriarchate (-at), n. the office, 
rank, or jurisdiction of a patriarch. 

patrician (pa-trish'an), n. one of 
the senators of ancient Rome ; a 
nobleman : adj. senatorial ; noble. 

patrimonial (pat-ri-mo'ni-al), adj. 
inherited from ancestors. 

patrimouially {-li), adv. by inher- 
itance. 

patrimony ('ri-mo-ni), n. an estate 
or right inherited from a father or 
one's ancestors ; an ecclesiastical en- 
dowment or estate. 

patriot (pat'ri-, or pa'tri-ot), n. one 
who loves, and is devoted to, his na- 
tive country and its welfare. 

patriotic (-ri-ot'ik), adj. character- 
ized by patriotism. 

patriotically (-al-li), adv, like a 
patriot. 

patriotism ('ri-ot-izm), n. love of 
one's country. 

patristic (pa-tris'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to the theology and writings of 
the fathers of the Christian Church. 
Also patristical. 

patrol (pa-trol'), n. a corporal's 
guard that marches round at night 
to preserve order ; a mounted police- 
man : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. patrolled, p.pr. 
patrolling], to go round as a patrol. 

patron (pa'tron), n. a guardian or 
protector ; one who has the gift of a 



benefice. Fern, patroness : adj. giv- 
ing aid or exercising guardianship ; 
tutelary. 

patronage (-aj), n. special support; 
guardianship or protection ; right of 
conferring a benefice. 

patronal ('tro-nal), adj. performing 
the office of a patron. 

patronize (-niz), v.t. to act as a 
patron towards ; support or protect ; 
frequent as a customer. 

patronymic (pat-ro-nim'ik), adj. 
derived from the name of an an- 
cestor : n. a name derived from an 
ancestor. 

patroon (pa-troon'), n. a landed pro- 
prietor with manorial rights. 

patten (pat'en), n. a wooden shoe 
with an irong ring worn under the 
soles by women as a protectioa 
against damp; the base of a col- 
umn. 

patter ('er), v.i. to strike with a 
quick succession of light sounds, as 
hail : n. the dialect of a class. 

pattering (-ing), p.adj. making a 
quick succession of light blows. 

pattern ('ern), n. a model, sample, 
or specimen ; anything cut out or 
formed into shape to be copied. 

patty ('i), n. a small pie. 

paucity (paw'si-ti), n. smallness of 
number or quantity. 

paunch (panch, or pawnch), n. the 
belly ; the first and largest stomach 
of a ruminant. 

pauper (paw'per), n. a poor person; 
one who is supported by the poor 
rates. 

pauperism (-izm), n. the state of 
being a pauper. 

pauperize (-iz), v.t. to reduce to 
pauperism. 

pause (pawz), n. cessation; tempo- 
rary stop ; a break in writing indi- 
cated by the mark [ — ] ; a mark of 
cessation in speaking; a mark [f^] 
in music, indicating the continuance 
of a note or rest : v.i. to make a 
short stop ; wait ; hesitate. 

pave (pav), v.t. to cover or lay with 
stones, bricks, &c. : as, to pave a 
street. 

pavement (pav'ment), n. a paved 
roadway or floor. 



5te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



pav 



590 



pea 



paver (pa'ver), n. one whose occupa- 
tion is to lay pavements. 

pavilion (pa-vil'yun), n. an orna- 
mental domed-shaped building ; a 
large tent ; a temporary movable 
habitation ; summer-house. 

paving (pa'ving), n. pavement. 

pavonine (pav'o-nin), adj. resem- 
bling the tail of a peacock ; irides- 
cent : said of certain ores. 

paw (paw), n. the foot of an animal 
with claws ; the hand : v.t. to scrape 
with the forefoot ; handle, as with 
paws ; caress, as a dog. 

pawl (pawl), n. a short bar to pre- 
vent the recoil of a windlass. 

pawn (pawn), n. something given as 
security for the redemption of a 
pledge ; a common piece at chess : 
v.t. to give in pledge. 

pawTibroker ('bro-ker), n. one who 
lends money on the security of goods 
pawned with him. 

pawpa"w (paw'paw), n. a tree of 
the custard-apple family, common in 
the southwestern United States. 

pax (paks), n. a small crucifix, or a 
crucifix engraved on a small metal 
plate kissed by worshippers. 

paxwax ('waks), n. the strong ten- 
don in the neck of animals. 

pay (pa), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. paid, p.pr. 
paying], to discharge a debt to; 
give an equivalent for ; compensate ; 
reward ; fulfil ; smear with tar, 
pitch, &c. : n. money given for serv- 
ice rendered. 

payee (-e'), n. one to whom money is 
paid. 

paymaster ('mas-ter), n. one who 
pays or from whom wages are re- 
ceived, especially an officer in the 
army or navy whose duty is to pay 
the officers and men. 

pea (pe), n. [pL peas, or pease 
(pez)], a leguminous plant of the 
genus Pisum and its edible seed. 

peace (pes), n. a state of rest or 
tranquillity ; calm ; freedom from 
war or disturbance. 

peaceable ('a-bl), adj. disposed to 
peace ; calm ; quiet. 

peaceableness (-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being peaceable. Also 
peacefulness. 



peaceably (-bli), adv. without agita- 
tion or tumult. 

peaceful ('fool), adj. full of peace; 
pacific ; quiet. 

peacefully (-li), adv. in a peaceful 
manner. 

peace-officer (-of'i-ser), n. a justice 
of the peace or a police-officer. 

peach (pech), n. a tree with its downy 
edible fruit : v.i. to betray one's ac- 
complices. 

peacock (pe'kok), n. a gallinaceous 
bird with handsome plumage : adj. 
iridescent like the feathers of the 
peacock. 

peahen ('ben), n. a female peafowl, 
homologous to the peacock. 

pea-jacket ('jak-et), n. a seaman's 
heavy jacket. 

peak (pek), n. the sharp-pointed sum- 
mit or jutting part of a mountain 
or hill ; pointed end ; the leather pro- 
jection in front of a cap ; the upper 
outer corner of an extended sail : v.i. 
to look pale and wan : v.t. to raise 
(a sail) obliquely to the mast. 

peakish ('ish), adj. having pale thin 
features. 

peaky ('i), adj. having, or resem- 
bling, a peak. 

peal (pel), n. a loud sound, as of 
thunder, bells, &c. ; a set of musical 
bells, or the changes rung by them : 
v.i. to give forth loud or solemn 
sounds. 

pean, same as paean. 

peanut (pe'nut), n. the ground-nut. 

pear (par), n. the juicy edible fruit 
of the pear-tree {Pyrus communis). 

pearl (perl), n. a hard, smooth, grey- 
ish-white iridescent gem found in 
the mother-of-pearl oyster ; anything 
resembling a pearl or very precious ; 
a white speck in the eye ; a small 
size of type (see type) : adj. pertain- 
ing to, or formed of, pearls : v.t. 
to set or adorn with pearls. 

pearlash ('ash), n. an impure car- 
bonate of potash. 

pearliness ('i-nes), n. the quality of 
being pearly. 

pearly ('i), adj. resembling or con- 
taining, pearls ; clear ; transparent. 

peasant (pez'ant), n. a countryman; 
rustic laborer : adj. rural ; rustic. 



ate, arm, ask. at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; bodn, 
book; hue, hut; think, th&a,. 



591 



ped 



peasantry (-ri), n. peasants collec- 
tively. 

pease (pez), n.pl. peas collectively. 

peastone (pe'ston), n. pisolite. 

peat (pet), n. decayed vegetable mat- 
ter resembling turf cut out of bogs : 
used as fuel. 

pebble (peb'l), n. a roundish stone; 
transparent rock crystal used for 
spectacles, &c. 

pebbly ('ii), adj. full of pebbles. 
J pecan (pe-kan'), n. a species of 
North American "hickory and its 
fruit. 
. peccability (pek-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state of being subject to sin. 

peccable ('a-bl), adj. liable to sin. 

peccadillo (-dil'o), n. a trifling fault. 

peccancy ('an-si), n. sinfulness. 

peccary ('a-ri), n. a South American 
mammal allied to the hog. 

peccavi (a'vi), (Latin, I have 
sinned), a word in colloquial use, 
expressive of contrition for the com- 
mission of a fault. 

peck (pek), n. l-4th of a bushel; 
quick sharp stroke with the beak : 
v.t. to strike with the beak ; pick up 
with the beak ; eat. 

pecker ('er), n. one who pecks; a 
woodpecker. 

pectic acid ('tik as'id), n. an acid 
found in various fruits. 

pectin ('tin), n. the gelatinizing prin- 
ciple of certain ripe fruits. 

pectinate ('tin-at), adj. shaped like 
the teeth of a comb. Also pectinated. 

pectoral ('to-ral), adj. pertaining 
to, good for, or worn on, the chest : 
n. the breastplate of the Jewish 
high-priest ; a medicine for chest 
complaints ; a pectoral fin. 

peculate ('u-lat), v.i. to appropriate 
public money to one's own use ; em- 
bezzle. 

peculation (-la'shun), n. the act of 
appropriating public money to one's 
own use. 

peculator ('ti-la-ter), n. one who 
peculates. 

peculiar (pe-kti'lyar) , adj. one's own ; 
appropriate ; individual ; strange : n. 
a church or parish exempted from 
the jurisdiction of the diocese to 
which it belongs. 



peculiarity (-li-ar'i-ti), n. [pi. pecu- 
liarities (-tiz)], something peculiar 
or characteristic. 

peculiarly ('iyar-li), adv. in a pecu- 
liar manner. 

pecuniarily ('ni-ar-i-li), adv. as re- 
gards money. 

pecuniary ('ni-ar-i), adj. pertaining 
to, or consisting of, money ; mone- 
tary. 

pedagogic (ped-a-goj'ik), adj. per- 
taining to a pedagogue or to the 
science of teaching. Also pedagog- 
ical. 

pedagogics ('iks), n. the science of 
teaching. 

pedagogism ('a-gog-izm), n. the oc- 
cupation or manners of a pedagogue. 

pedagogist (-ist), n. one who treats 
of pedagogics. 

pedagogue ('a-gog), n. a schoolmas- 
ter ; pedant. 

pedagogy ('a-go-ji), n. pedagogics. 

pedal (ped'al), adj. pertaining to a 
foot : n. a key or lever attached to 
a musical instrument and moved by 
the foot, to modify the swell or 
tone. 

pedant ('ant), n. one who makes an 
ostentatious display of his learning. 

pedantic (pe-dan'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or characterized by, ped- 
antry. Pedantical. 

pedantically (-al-Ii), adv. like a 
pedant. 

pedantry ('an-tri), n. ostentatious 
display of learning. 

pedate ('at), adj„ palmate, with the 
two lateral sections lengthened and 
lobed. 

peddle ('1), -y.-i. to travel about sell- 
ing small wares; be busy about 
trifles : v.t. to retail in small quan- 
tities. 

peddler, pedler, pedlar ('ler), n, 
one who peddles. 

peddling ('ling), adj, trifling. 

pedestal ('es-tal), n. the base of a 
column, statue, &c. 

pedestrian (pe-des'tri-an), adj. go- 
ing on foot ; walking : n. one who 
journeys on foot ; professional walk- 
er. 

pedestrianism (-izm), n. the art or 
practice of walking; racing on foot. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ped 



592 



pen 



pedicel (ped'i-sel), n. a small short 
foot-stalk. 

pedicure ('i-kur), n. the care of the 
feet ; a chiropodist. 

pediform ('i-fOrm), adj. foot-shaped. 

pedigree ('i-gre), n. lineage; gen- 
ealogy. 

pediment ('i-ment), n. the triangu- 
lar or circular ornament over the 
entablature, &c., of a building. 

pedler, see peddler. 

pedobaptism, same as psedobaptism. 

pedometer (pe-dom'e-ter), n. a 
watch-shaped instrument for re- 
cording paces and distances in walk- 
ing. 

peduncle (-dung'kl), n. a flower- 
stalk. 

peduncular ('kti-lar), adj. of or per- 
taining to a peduncle. 

pedunculate ('ku-lat), adj. having, 
or growing upon, a peduncle. Also 
pedunculated. 

peel (pel), v.t. to strip the skin, bark, 
or rind from : v.i. to undress : n. 
skin or rind ; a baker's long flat 
wooden shovel ; a contrivance for 
hanging up printed sheets to dry. 

peeler ('er), n. one who peels; a 
pillager ; a policeman : from Sir 
Robert Peel. 

peen (pen), n. the point of a ma- 
son's hammer. 

peep (pep), v.i. to chirp or cry, as 
young birds ; to look through a 
crevice or hiding place ; look slyly ; 
begin to appear : n. the cry of a 
chicken ; a sly look ; a beginning to 
appear. 

peer (per), n. one of the same rank; 
an equal ; associate ; a nobleman ; a 
member of the House of Lords : v.i. 
to appear ; look narrowly. 

peerage ('aj), n. the rank or dignity 
of a peer ; peers collectively ; a book 
giving information respecting the 
nobility. 

peeress ('es), n. a peer's wife; a lady 
of noble rank. 

peerless ('les), adj. witlbout an 
equal. 

peevish (pev'ish), adj. fretful; diffi- 
cult to please. 

peewit (pe'wit), n. the lapwing. 

peg (peg), w. a small pointed wooden 
pin ; a piece of wood serving as a 



nail : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. pegged, p.pr. 
pegging], to fasten or mark out 
with pegs. 

pelage (pel'aj), n. the hair or similar 
covering of a mammal. 

pelagic (-laj'ik), adj. pertaining to 
the ocean. 

pelerine (pel'er-in), n. a lady's long 
cape with tapering ends. 

pelf (pelf), n. money; wealth: used 
in a bad sense. 

pelican (pel'i-kan), n. a large aquat- 
ic bird with a huge axe-shaped bill ; 
a dentist's instrument. 

pelisse '(pe-les'), n. a lady's silk 
habit. 

pell (pel), n. a skin or hide; a roll 
of parchment. 

pellet Cet), n. a little ball. 

pellicle ('i-kl), n. a thin skin or 
film. 

pellitory ('i-to-ri), n. a perennial 
plant of the nettle family, grow- 
ing on old walls. 

pell-meH ('mel), adv. with confused 
violence. 

pellucid (-u'sid), adj. perfectly clear ; 
transparent. 

pelt (pelt), n. a raw hide; a blow 
from something thrown : v.t, to 
strike by throwing something: v.i, 
to fall heavily, as rain. 

peltry (pel'tri), n. skins of furred 
animals collectively. 

pelt-wool (pelt'wool), n, wool from 
dead sheep. 

pelvic (pel'vik), adj, pertaining to 
the pelvis. 

pelvis ('vis), n. the bony cavity in 
the lower part of the abdomen, 

pemmican (pem'i-kan), n. lean 
meat, dried, pounded, and pressed 
into cakes. 

pen (pen), n. sl small inclosure; 
coop ; an instrument for writing : 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p. penned, p.pr. pen- 
ning], to shut up or confine in a 
small inclosure ; write. 

penal (pe'nal), adj. enacting, inflict- 
ing, or incurring punishment for 
crime ; punitive. 

penally (-li), adv, by way of pun- 
ishment. 

penalty (pen'al-ti), n. legal punish- 
ment either on the person or by a 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl : me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



pen 5 

fine ; fine or forfeit ; an extra 
weight carried by a racehorse. 

penance (pen'ans), n. self-imposed 
suffering, as an expression of con- 
trition for sin; repentance; in the 
Roman Catholic Church one of the 
sacraments by which sins are par- 
doned after confession and satisfac- 
tion. 

penates (pe-na'tez), n.pL the house- 
hold gods of the ancient Romans. 

pence, pi. of penny. 

penchant (pang-shang'), n. a strong 
inclination or taste [French]. 

pencil (pen'sil), n. a small fine brush 
used by artists ; a pointed instru- 
ment of black lead, colored chalk, 
&c. ; a collection of rays of light 
converging to a point : v.t. to write, 
sketch, paint, or mark with a pencil. 

penciled ('sild), p.adj. written, 
drawn, or painted, with a pencil ; 
radiating. 

penciling (-ing), n. the art of writ- 
ing, sketching, or painting with a 
pencil. 

pendant ('dant), n. anything hang- 
ing for ornamentation ; an ear-ring 
or locket ; a pennant. 

pendency ('den-si), n. suspense; in- 
decision. Also pendence. 

pendent ('dent), adj. hanging; pro- 
jecting ; swinging. 

pending ('ding), adj. undecided; 
hanging in suspense. 

pendulous ('dii-lus), adj. hanging; 
oscillating. 

pendulum ('du-Ium), n. a heavy 
body suspended so that it may vi- 
brate backwards and forwards about 
a fixed point by the force of gravity, 
as in a clock. 

penetrability (-e-tra-bil'i-ti), n. the 
susceptibility of being entered or 
passed through by another body. 

penetrable ('e-tra-bl), adj. that may 
be penetrated ; susceptive of im- 
pression. 

penetralia (-tra'li-a), n.pl. the in- 
ner part of a temple, house, »S:c. ; 
mysteries. 

penetrant ('e-trant), adj. penetrat- 
ing ; subtile ; acute. 

penetrate ('e-trat), v.t. to pierce in- 
to ; enter ; bore or perforate ; reach 



'd pen 

the mind; affect deeply; reach the 
interior. 

penetrating (-ing), p.adj. piercing; 
sharp ; discerning. Also penetra- 
tive. 

penetration (-tra'shun), n. the act 
of penetrating ; mental acuteness. 

penetrativeness (-tiv-nes), n. the 
quality of being penetrative. 

pen-fish ('fish), n. a kind of eel pout. 

penguin ('gwin), n. a large sea-fowl 
with rudimentary wings. 

peninsula (pe-nin'sti-la), n. a por- 
tion of jutting land nearly sur- 
rounded by water, and connected 
with the mainland by an isthmus. 

peninsular ('su-lar), adj. pertaining 
to, or shaped like, a peninsula. 

penitence (pen'i-tens), n. sorrow for 
sin ; state of being penitent. 

penitent ('i-tent_), adj. repentant: n. 
one who is penitent ; one under ec- 
clesiastical censure, but admitted to 
penance ; one who is under the di- 
rection of a confessor. 

penitential (-ten'shal), adj. per- 
taining to, or expressing, penitence ; 
of the nature of penance : n. in the 
Roman Catholic Church a book 
treating of the rules and degrees of 
penance. 

penitentiary (-ten'sha-ri), adj. per- 
taining to penance : n. a penitent ; a 
house of correction : a state prison ; 
a home for fallen women ; an ofl[ice 
at the papal court, that grants dis- 
pensations, absolutions, &c. ; the of- 
ficial who presides over such a court. 

penknife ('nif), n. a small pocket- 
knife. 

penman ('man), n. an author; one 
who writes a good hand. ' 

penmanship (-ship), n. the art, or 
style, of writing. 

pennant ('ant), n. a long narrow 
strip of bunting at the mast-heads 
of men-of-war. 

pennate, same as pinnate. 

penniless (pen'i-les), adj. without 
money ; destitute. 

pennon ('on), n. a small swallow- 
tailed flag or streamer. 

penny (-i), n. [pi. pennies ('iz) (de- 
notiup- number), pence (pens), (de- 
noting amount or value)], a bronze 



lite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, tliQu. 



pen 



594 



pep 



coin = 1-12 of a shilling, or 2 cents, 
(English). 

pennyroyal (-roi'al), n. an aromatic 
herb of the mint family. 

pennyweight (-wat), n. a weight = 
24 grains troy. 

penological (pe-no-loj'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to penology. 

penologist (-nol'o-jist), n. a student 
of penology. 

penology (-nol'o-ji), n. the scientific 
study of punishments, prison man- 
agement, &c. 

pensile ('sil), adj. hanging. 

pension ('shun), n. a stated allow- 
ance paid for past services, as to the 
state, &c. ; money paid instead of 
tithes ; a continental boarding house 
or school (pang-si-ang') : v.t. to 
grant a pension to. 

pensionary ('shun-a-ri), adj. con- 
sisting of, or maintained by, a pen- 
sion : n. a person in receipt of a pen- 
sion. 

pensioner ('shun-er), n. one who re- 
ceives a pension, especially a dis- 
charged soldier. 

pensive ('siv), adj. thoughtful; sad. 

pensively (-li), adv. in a pensive 
manner. 

pensiveness (-nes), n. thoughtful- 
ness ; melancholy. 

pent, p.t. & p.p. of pen (to shut up). 

penta, a prefix meaning five, as penta- 
chord, an instrument with 5 strings ; 
musical scale of 5 sounds. Also 
pente. 

pentad (pen'tad), n. an element 
which combines with or replaces a 
monad. 

pentagon (pen'ta-gon), n. a figure 
of 5 sides and 5 angles. 

pentahedral (-he'dral), adj. having 
5 sides. 

pentahedron ('dron), n. a solid fig- 
ure having 5 sides. 

p entahexahedr al ( -heks-a-he'dral ) , 
adj. exhibiting 5 ranges of faces, one 
above another, each range contain- 
ing 6 faces. 

pentamerons (-tam'e-rus), adj. con- 
sisting of 5 parts. 

pentameter ('e-ter), n. a verse con- 
sisting of 5 feet. 

pentastyle ('ta-stll), n. a building 
with .5 columns in front. 



Pentateuch ('ta-tiik), n. the first 5 
books of the Old Testament. 

Pentecost ('te-kost), n. a Jewish fes- 
tival kept the 50th day after the sec- 
ond day of the Passover ; Whitsun- 
tide, commemorative of the descent 
of the Holy Ghost. 

Pentecostal (-al), adj. pertaining to 
Pentecost. 

penthouse ('hous), n. a shed with a 
slanting roof projecting from a main 
wall or building. 

penult (pe-nult'), n. the last syllable 
of a word but one. Also penultima. 

penultimate ('i-mat), adj. last but 
one. 

penumbra (-num'bra), n. a partial 
shadow on the exterior of the perfect 
shadow of an eclipse ; the boundary 
of light and shade in a picture. 

penurious (-nu'ri-us), adj. miserly; 
sordid. 

penury (pen'ii-ri), n. want of the ne- 
cessities of life ; poverty. 

peon (pe'on), n. a Mexican laborer; 
an Indian native soldier or consta- 
ble ; a pawn at chess. 

peony ('o-ni), n. a perennial plant 
with handsome flowers of the genus 
Pseonia. Also pjeony. 

people Cpl), n. [pi. people, peoples 
X'plz)], persons generally; commu- 
nity ; inhabitants ; race, kindred, or 
family ; the commonalty : v.t. to 
stock with people or inhabitants. 

pepper (pep'er), n. a hot pungent 
spice made of the ground seeds of 
Pipe}' nigrum. 

peppercorn (-korn), n. the small 
berry of the pepper-plant : hence 
anything insignificant. 

peppermint (-mint), n. an aromatic 
herb ; the cordial prepared from it. 

pepperwort (-wert), n. a cress. 

peppery (-i), adj. like pepper; fiery; 
pungent. 

pepsin ('sin), n. a nitrogenous fer- 
ment contained in gastric juice ; a 
preparation from the sto'mach of a 
pig used in medicine to aid digestion. 
Also pepsine. 

peptic ('tik), adj. pertaining to, or 
promoting, digestion : n. a medicine 
to aid digestion : pi. the science of 
digestion. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 




Copyright, Underwood & Underwood. 

PENNSYLVANIA STATION, NEW YORK. 
Exterior and Interior Views, 



pep 



595 



per 



peptones ('tonz), n.pl. the products 

of the action of pepsin. 
per, a prefix meaning through, over 
the whole extent, ij/, very, as per- 
ambulate, to walk over ; per diem, 
by the day, &;c. 
peradventure ( per-ad-ven'tiir ) , adv. 
by chance. 

perambulation (-am-bti-la'shun), n. 
the act of passing through ; a survey 
made by traveling ; the annual sur- 
vey of a parish boundary. 

perambulator ('bu-la-ter), n. one 
who perambulates ; a baby carriage ; 
an instrument for measuring road 
distances. 

percale (-kal') , n. cotton fabrics with 
a linen finish. 

perceivable (-se'va-bl), adj. discern- 
ible by the mind. 

perceivably (-bli), adv. perceptibly. 

perceive (-sev'), v.t. to obtain knowl- 
edge of by the senses ; understand ; 
discern. 

per cent, (-^ent'), by the hundred. 

percentage (-sent'aj), n. proportion- 
al allowance per cent. 

perceptibility (-sep-ti-bil'i-ti), w. the 
quality of being perceptible. 

perceptible ('ti-bl), adj. that may be 
perceived. 

perceptibly (-bli), adv. so as to be 
perceived. 

perception (-sep'shun), n. the act, 
state, or faculty of receiving knowl- 
edge of external things by the me- 
dium of the senses ; idea, notion, or 
conception. 

perceptive ('tiv), adj. having the 
faculty of perceiving. 

perceptivity ('i-ti), n. the power of 
perception or thinking. 

perch (perch), n. a fresh-water fish; 
a measure of length = 5% yards, 
l-40th of a rood ; anything on which 
birds sit or roost : v.i. to sit or roost r 
v.t. to place on a perch. 

perchance (per-chans'), adv, per- 
haps. 

perchlorate (-klo'rat), n. a com- 
pound of perchloric acid and a base. 

perchloric ('rik), adj. noting an acid 
having 7 equivalents of oxygen to 2 
of chlorine. 

perchloride ('rid), n. a compound of 
an excess of chlorine with a base. 



percipience (-sip'i-ens), n. the act 

of perceiving. 
percipient ('i-ent), adj. perceiving: 
n. one who perceives. 

percolate ('ko-lat), v.i. to pass 
through small spaces. 

percolation (-la'shun), n. filtration. 

percolator ('ko-la-ter) , n. a filtering 
machine or vessel ; a coffee-pot fitted 
with a filter. 

percussion (-kush'un), n. violent col- 
lision ; shock produced by the colli- 
sion of bodies ; impression of sound 
on the ear ; the medical examination 
of a part of the body by tapping it 
gently so as to determine its condi- 
tion by the sound produced. 

percussion-cap (kap), n. a small 
copper cap containing fulminating 
powder, which, placed on the nipple 
of a gun, explodes the powder when 
struck by the lock. 

percussive (-kus'iv), adj. striking 
against. 

perdition (-dish'un), n. total de- 
struction; ruin; utter loss of the 
soul or of happiness in a future 
state. 

perdu (-du'), adj. forlorn; hidden: 
n. one lying in ambush : adv. in am- 
bush or a post of danger. 

peregrination (-e-grin-a'shun), n, 
the act of traveling about. 

peregrinator ('e-grin-a-ter), n. a 
traveler. 

peremptorily ('emp-tor-i-li), adv. in 
a peremptory manner. 

peremptoriness (-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being peremptory. 

peremptory ('emp-tor-i), adj. posi- 
tive ; final ; decisive ; precluding dis- 
cussion or hesitation. 

perennial (-en'i-al), adj. lasting 
through the year ; perpetual ; noting 
plants that continue more than 2 
years. 

perennially (-li), adv. so as to be 
perennial ; perpetually. 

perfect ('fekt), adj. complete; with- 
out defect or blemish ; blameless : 
pure ; possessing every moral excel- 
lence ; fully skilled or accomplished ; 
in grammar, the tense that expresses 
completed action : v.t. to make per- 
fect ; complete or finish. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



per 



596 



pes 



perfectibility (-fek-ti-bil'i-ti) , ti. the 

capacity for becoming perfect. 
perfectible (-fek'ti-bl), adj. capable 

of being made perfect. 

perfection ('shun), n. the state of 
being perfect ; supreme excellence. 

perfidious (-fid'i-us), adj. false to 
trust ; treacherous ; faithless. 

perfidy ('fi-di), n. violation of a trust 
reposed ; breach of faith. 

perforate ('fo-rat), v.t. to pierce or 
bore through ; make a hole through. 

perforation (-ra'shun), n. the act of 
piercing or boring through ; a hole 
bored through._ 

perforator ('fo-ra-ter), n. one who, 
or that which, perforates. 

perforce (-fors'), adv. by force; vio- 
lently. 

perform, (-form'), 'V.t. to do or carry 
out ; execute ; achieve ; fulfil : v.i. to 
act a part. 

performance ('ans), n. the act of 
performing ; execution ; completion ; 
deed or feat ; an entertainment. 

perfume (-fum'), v.t. to impregnate 
with a pleasant odor ; scent : n. a 
sweet-smelling scent. 

perfumery ('er-i), n. perfumes in 
general. 

perfunctorily (-fungk'to-ri-li), adv. 
carelessly, 

perfunctoriness (-nes), n. careless- 
ness. 

perfunctory ('to-ri), adj. done care- 
lessly or negligently with the pur- 
pose of getting rid of the duty ; 
negligent. 

perhaps (-haps'), adv. possibly. 

peri (pe'ri), w. in Persian mythology, 
a descendant of a fallen spirit ex- 
cluded from paradise ; a fairy : 
(per'i), a prefix, meaning around, 
as periholos, a wall or court sur- 
rounding a temple. 

perianth (per'i-anth), n. a floral en- 
velope. 

pericardiac (-kar'di-ak>, adj. per- 
taining to the pericardium. Also 
pericardial. 

pericarditis (-di'tis), n. inflamma- 
tion of the pericardium. 

pericardium (-kar'di-um), n. the 
membrane that surrounds the heart. 

pericarp ('i-karp), n. the seed-vessel 
of a plant. 



pericarpial (-kar'pi-al), adj. per- 
taining to a pericarp. 
periclase ('i-klaz), n. a magnesian 

mineral. 

periclinal (-kli'nal), adj. dipping on 
all sides from a central axis. 

pericranium (-kra'ni-um), n. the 
membrane that surrounds the cra- 
nium. 

perigee (-je), n. that point in the 
orbit of the moon, or of a planet, 
nearest the earth. 

perihelion (-he'li-on), n. [pi. peri- 
helia (-a)], that point in the orbit 
of a planet, or a comet, nearest the 
sun. 

peril ('il), n. exposure to injury; 
danger ; jeopardy ; risk : v.t. to ex- 
pose to danger or risk. 

perilous (us), adj. full of peril; 
hazardous ; dangerous. 

perimeter (pe-rim'e-ter), n. the out- 
er boundary of a plane surface. 

period (pe'ri-od), n. a circuit or cy- 
cle ; interval of time ; the time taken 
by a planet to revolve round the 
sun ; length of duration ; conclusion ; 
a dot [.] to mark the end of a sen- 
tence ; in rhetoric, a complete sen- 
tence. 

periodical ('i-kal), adj. pertaining 
to a period, or to periodicals ; occur- 
ring at regular intervals. Also peri- 
odic : n. a publication issued at 
stated intervals, as a magazine. 

periodically (-li), adv. at stated in- 
tervals. 

periodicity (-6-dis'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being periodical. _ 

periosteal (per-i-os'te-al), adj. per- 
taining to the periosteum. 

periosteum ('te-um), n. the vascular 
nervous membrane which covers the 
bones. 

periostitis (-tl'tis), n. inflammation 
of the periosteum. 

Peripatetic (-pa-tet'ik), adj. per- 
taining to the philosophy of Aristotle 
who instructed his disciples while he 
walked about the Lyceum : n. a dis- 
ciple of Aristotle. 

peripatetic (-pa-tet'ik), adj. walking 
about : n. one who is accustomed or 
compelled to walk. 

peripheral ( pe^rif 'er-al ) , adj. per- 
taining to a periphery. 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl ; m§, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, ^^en. 



per 



597 



per 



periphery ('er-i), n. [pi. peripheries 
(-iz) ], the circumference of a circle, 
ellipse, or similar figure. 

periphrasis (-rif'ra-sis), n. circum- 
locution. 

periphrastic (per-i-fras'tik), adi. 
circumlocutory. Also periphrastical, 

periphrastically (-al-li), adv. by 
periphrasis. 

periscope (-per'i-skop), n. an instru- 
ment for seeing over intervening ob- 
jects ; used in guiding submarine 
boats. 

periscopic (per-i-skop'ik), adj. view- 
ing all round, and so constructed as 
to increase the distinctness of ob- 
jects when viewed at an oblique an- 
gle. Also periscopical. 

perish ('ish), v.i. to lose life or vi- 
tality ; decay or die ; be destroyed or 
come to nothing. 

perishability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state of being perishable. Also per- 
ishableness. 

perishable (per'ish-a-bl), adj. liable 
to perish ; mortal, 

perisperm ('i-sperm), n. albumen of 
a seed. 

peristaltic (-stal'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to the peculiar worm-like move- 
ment of the intestines by which their 
contents are forced onward. 

peristyle ('i-stil), n. an open court 
in the interior of a house surrounded 
by a row of columns. 

perisystole (-sis'to-le), n. the inter- 
val that ensues on the contraction of 
the heart before the dilation (dias- 
tole) which follows. 

peritoneal (-to-ne'al), adj. pertain- 
to the peritoneum. 

peritoneum ('um), n. a thin serous 
membrane which covers the abdom- 
inal viscera. 

peritonitis (-ni'tis), n. inflammation 
of the peritoneum. 

periwig (per'i-wig), n. a small wig. 

periwinkle (-wing'kl), n. a peren- 
nial creeping plant ; a small uni- 
valve mollusk. 

perjure (per'jur), v.i. to swear false- 
ly. 

perjury (-i), n. the act of swearing 
falsely when on oath. 

perk (perk), v.t. to make trim or 



smart : v.i. to hold up the head in a 
smart or saucy manner ; peer. 

perky ('i), adj. jaunty; smart. 

permanence ('ma-nens), n. the state 
or quality of being permanent ; dura- 
tion. Also permanency. 

permanent (-nent), adj. lasting; 
durable; continuing in the same 
state. 

permeability (-me-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being permeable. 

permeable ('me-a-bl), adj. that may 
be passed through. 

permeate ('me-at), v.i. to penetrate 
and pass through the pores or in- 
terstices of. 

permeation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
permeating. 

permissible (-mis'i-bl) , adj. that may 
be permitted. 

permission (-mish'un), n. the act of 
permitting ; leave ; license. 

permissive (-mis'iv), adj. granting 
permission or license ; not forbid- 
ding. 

permissively (-li), adv. by permis- 
sion. 

permit (-mif), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. per- 
mitted, p.pr. permitting], to allow 
without command ; consent to ; toler- 
ate : 11. (per'mit) a written license 
from an officer of customs to remove 
dutiable goods ; permission. 

permitter ('er), n. one who permits. 

permutable (-mtit'a-bl), adj. inter- 
changeable. 

permutation (-mu-ta'shun), n. the 
exchange of one thing for another ; 
the arrangement of any determinate 
number of things or letters, in all 
possible orders, one after the other. 

pernicious (-nish'us), adj. highly in- 
jurious or hurtful ; destructive. 

pernickety (nik'i-ti), adj. trim; at- 
tentive to trifles ; overnice ; fussily 
particular. 

peroration (-o-ra'shun), n. the con- 
cluding part of an oration. 

peroxide (-oks'id), n. the oxide of a 
base which contains the largest pro- 
portion of oxygen. 

peroxidize ('i-diz), v.t. to oxidize to 
the greatest degree. 

perpendicular (-dik'u-lar), adj. 
standing at right angles to a given 



ate^ arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, t%%n. 



per o 

line or surface ; perfectly upright : n. 
a perpendicular line. 

perpetrate ('pe-trat), v.t. to com- 
mit; perform (in a bad sense). 

perpetration (-tra'shun), n. the act 
of perpetrating. 

perpetrator ('pe-tra-ter), n. one who 
perpetrates. 

perpetual (-pet'u-al), adj. never 
ceasing ; not temporary. 

perpetually (;li_), adv. continually. 

perpetuate ('u-at), v.t. to make per- 
petual ; preserve from extinction or 
oblivion. 

perpetuation (-a'shun), w. the act 
of perpetuating. 

perpetuity (-pe-tu'i-ti), n. the state 
of being perpetual ; endless duration. 

perplex (-pleks'), v.t. to make diffi- 
cult to be understood ; make anx- 
ious ; puzzle ; embarrass or confuse. 

perplexity ( 'i-ti ) , n. embarrassment ; 
doubt ; intricacy. 

perquisite ('kwi-zit), n. a gift or al- 
lowance in addition to regular wages 
or salary ; that which is gained, as 
distinct from that which is inherited. 

perron ('on), n. a staircase outside a 
building leading to the first floor. 

perry ('i), n. the fermented juice of 
pears. 

persecute ('se-kut), v.t. to harass or 
ill-treat, especially for religious opin- 
ions ; annoy with importunity. 

persecution (-kii'shun), n. the act of 
persecuting; the state of being per- 
secuted. 

persecutor (-ter), n. one who perse- 
cutes. 

perseverance (-ve'rans), n. the act 
or state of persevering ; continuance 
in grace. 

persevere (-se-ver'), v.i. to persist 
in any enterprise or business under- 
taken ; continue steadfastly. 

Persian ('shan}, adj. pertaining to 
Persia, to its inhabitants, or to its 
language : n.pl. sculptured draped 
male figures used as columns. 

persimmon (-sim'un), n. an Ameri- 
can plum-like fruit ; the tree yield- 
ing it. 

persist (-sisf), v.i. to continue stead- 
ily in any course commenced ; perse- 
vere. 

persistence (-sis'tens), n. the state 



per 



ob- 



or quality of being persistent 

stinacy. Also persistency. 

persistent ('tent), adj. continuing; 

constant ; persevering ; not falling 

ofe. 

person ('sn), n. a human being or in- 
dividual ; consisting of body and 
soul ; one's self ; one of the three 
states of a subject or object of a 
verb, as speaking, spoken to, or 
spoken of. 

personage (-aj), n. a man or woman, 
especially one of distinction. 

personal (-al) , adj. pertaining to men 
or women ; relating, or peculiar, to a 
person and his private affairs ; per- 
taining to the external appearance ; 
done in person ; denoting the per- 
son ; movable : opposed to real : n. 
movable property or goods : opposed 
to lands and tenements (real estate). 

personality (-al'i-ti), n. that which 
constitutes distinction of person ; 
application of remarks (usually of- 
fensive) to some individual. 

personally (-li), adv. in person; par- 
ticularly ; individually. 

personalty (-al-ti), n. personal es- 
tate, or all kinds of movable prop- 
erty. 

personate (-at), v.t. to represent by 
an assumed character ; counterfeit : 
assume the character of for fraudu- 
lent purposes, as in voting. 

personation (-a'shun), n. the coun- 
terfeiting of the person and charac- 
ter of another. 

personator (-ter), n. one who as- 
sumes the character of another. 

personification (-son-i-fi-ka'shun), 
n. the act of personifying. 

personify ('i-fi>, v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
personified, p.pr. personifying], to 
represent as endowed with personal 
qualities. 

personnel (p^r-son-el'), n. the per- 
sons employed in any public service, 
especially the army and navy, as dis- 
tinguished from the materiel, arms, 
stores, &c. 

perspective (per-spek'tiv), adj. per- 
taining to, or in accordance with, 
the art of perspective : n. a vista or 
view ; the art of representing objects 
on a plane surface as they appear to 
the eye. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



per 



599 



pes) 



terspectively (-li), adv. according 
to the rules of perspective. 

I perspectograph ('to-graf), n. an op- 

• I tical instrument for drawing me- 
1 chanically the points and outlines of 
objects. 

perspicacious (-spi-ka'shus), adj. 
mentally acute ; quick-sighted. 

perspicacity (-kas'i-ti), n. the qual- 
ity of being perspicacious ; acute- 
ness of sight or discernment. 

perspicuity (-ku'i-ti), n. freedom 
from obscurity ; mental clearness ; 
lucidity. 

perspicuous (-spik'ii-us), adj. men- 
tally clear ; easily understood ; evi- 
dent ; clear. , 

perspirable (-spir-a-bl), adj. that 
may be perspired, 

perspiration (-spi-ra'shun), n. ex- 
cretion by the pores of the skin ; 
sv\'-eat. 

perspire (-spir'), v.i. to excrete by 
the pores of the skin ; sweat. 

persuade (-swad'), v.t. to influence 
by argument, advice, entreaty, &c. ; 
draw or incline the will of; exhort, 
induce ; prevail upon. 

persuasibility (swa-si-bil'i-ti), n. 
the capability of being persuaded. 
Also persuasibleness. 

persuasion ('zhun), n. the act or art 
of persuading ; the state of being 
persuaded. 

persuasive ('siv), adj. having the 
power to persuade ; influencing the 
will or passions : n. an incitement. 

persuasively (-li), adv. so as to per- 
suade. ^ 

persuasiveness (-nes), n. the qual- 
ity of being persuasive. 

pert (pert), adj. saucy; forward. 

pertain (per-tan'), v.i. to belong, or 
have relation. 

pertinacious (-ti-na'shus), adj. un- 
yielding ; obstinate ; resolute ; tena- 
cious. 

pertinacity (-nas'i-ti), n. the quality 
of being pertinacious. 

pertinence ('ti-nens), n. suitable- 
ness ; fitness. Also pertinency. 

pertinent ('ti-nent), adj. .fitting or 
appropriate ; relevant. 

perturb (-terb'), v.t. to agitate; dis- 
turb ;. disquiet. 

perturbation (-ter-ba'shun) , n. men- 



tal agitation or disquietude ; an ir- 
regularity or deviation in the move- 
ment of a hea,venly body in its orbit. 

peruke (per-ook'), n. a wig. 

perusal (pe-roo'zul), n. the act of 
perusing ;_ study or examination. 

peruse (-rooz'), v.t. to read with care 
and attention ; examine. 

Peruvian (-roov'i-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to Peru. 

Peruvian bark (bark), n. cinchona^ 

pervade (per-vad'), v.t. to penetrate; 
extend or be diffused all over ; per- 
meate. 

pervasion (-va'zhun), n. the act of 
pervading. 

perverse (-vers'), adj. obstinate; un- 
tractable ; petulant. 

perversely ('li), adv. in a perverse 
manner. 

perverseness ('nes), n. the quality 
or state of being perverse ; disposi- 
tion to thwart or annoy. Also per- 
versity. 

perversion (-ver'shun), n. the act of 
perverting ; the state of being per- 
verted ; a turning from truth or pro- 
priety ; misapplication. 

perversity, same as perverseness. 

perversive (-ver'siv), adj. tending to> 
pervert. 

pervert (-vert'), v.t. to turn from the 
true end or proper purpose ; misap- 
ply : n. (per'vert) one who has been 
perverted, especially from truth to 
error. 

pervious^ ('vi-us), adj. admitting pas- 
sage ; permeable. 

pesade (pe-zad'), n. the motion of a 
horse when he raises or lifts up his 
fore quarters without advancing. 

pesky (pes'ki), adj. troublesome; an- 
noying^ 

peso (pa'so), n. a dollar [Spanish]. 

pessimism (pes'i-mizm), n. the doc- 
trine that the present state of exist- 
ence is essentially evil ; the tendency 
to exaggerate in thought the evils of 
life : opposed to optimism. 

pessimist (-mist), n. one who holds 
the doctrine of pessimism ; one who 
looks on the worst side of everything. 

pessimistic (-mis'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or characterized by, pessi- 
mism ; gloomy. 

pest (pest), n. a fatal epidemic dis- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, thoxi. 



pes 



600 



pha 



ease ; plague ; anything very mis- 
chievous, annoying, or injurious. 

pester (pes'ter), v.t. to annoy. 

pestiferous (-tif'er-us), adj. convey- 
ing pestilence ; physically or morally 
noxious. 

pestilence ('ti-lens), n. an infectious 
or contagious disease. 

pestilent ('ti-lent), adj. noxious to 
health, morals, or society. 

pestilential (-len'shal), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or producing, a pestilence ; 
pernicious ; destructive. 

pestle (pes'l), n. an instrument for 
pounding substances in a mortar. 

pet (pet), n. any person or animal 
that is fondled ; a sudden fit of pee- 
vishness or slight passion : adj. fa- 
vorite : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. petted, p.pr. 
petting], to fondle or indulge. 

petal ('al), n. one of the separate 
parts of the corolla of a flower ; a 
flower-leaf. 

pietaled ('aid), adj. having petals. 
Also petalous. 

petard (pe-tard'), n. a bell-shaped 
explosive machine used for bursting 
open gates, &c. 

petersham ('ter-sham), n. a thick 
shaggy cloth :_used for overcoats, &c. 

petiole (pet'i-ol), n. the footstalk of 
a leaf connecting the blade with the 
stem. 

petit ('i), adj. small; inconsiderable 
[ French ] . Feminine petite ( pe-tet' ) . 

petition (pe-tish'un), n. an earnest 
supplication or prayer ; a formal 
supplication from an inferior to a 
superior ; a paper or document con- 
taining a written request : v.t. to 
solicit earnestly ; present a petition 
to. 

petitionary (-a-ri), adj. containing 
a petition. 

petit jury (pet'i jo6-ri),-w. a trial 
jury as distinguished from a grand 
jury. Also petty jury. 

petit-maitre (pet'i-ma'tr), n. a fop 
who affects women's society. 

petrel ('rel), n. a web-footed, strong- 
winged, oceanic bird, that appears in 
its flight to walk upon the water. 

petrescence (-tres'ens), n. the act of 
becoming converted into stone. 

petrifaction (-ri-fak'shun), n. the 



process of changing animal or vege- 
table substance into stone ; a fossil. 

petrif active ('tiv), adj. having pow- 
er to petrify. 

petrify ('ri-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. pet- 
rified, p.pr. petrifying], to change 
into stone ; fix in silent amazement 
or fear ; render callous, obdurate, or : 
hard : v.i. to become stone or of a 
stony hardness. 

petroleum (-tro'le-um), w. an inflam- 
mable dark yellowish-brown bitu- 
minous liquid issuing from certain 
rocks ; mineral oil. 

petrology (pe-trol'o-ji), n. the sci- 
entific study of rocks, and their 
mineral and chemical composition. 

petticoat ('i-kot) , n. a woman's loose 
underskirt. 

pettifogger ('i-fog-er), n. a lawyer 
who practices in petty cases. 

pettily ('i-li), adv. in a petty manner. 

pettiness ('i-nes,) n. smallness ; un- 
importance. 

pettish ('ish), adj. fretful; petulant. 

petty ('i), adj. trifling; small; incon- 
siderable ; unimportant ; contempti- 
ble. 

petty jury, same as petit jury. 

petulance ('u-lans), n. peevishness; 
caprice. Also petulancy. 

petulant ('ti-lant), adj. peevish; ca- 
pricious. 

Petunia (pe-tu'ni-a), n. a South 
American genus of ornamental plants 
with handsome flowers. 

petunia, n. a plant of the genus Pe- 
tunia, or its flower. 

pe-w (pti), n. an inclosed seat in a 
church : v.t. to furnish with pews. 

pewit (pe'wit), n. the lapwing. Also 
peewit. 

pewter (pti'ter), n. an alloy of tin, 
lead, antimony, &c. : adj. made of 
pewter. 

pfennig (fen'ig), n. a small copper 
coin of Germany = % cent. 

phaeton (fa'e-ton), n. an open four- 
wheeled carriage. 

phalanges, pi. of phalanx. 

phalanx (fa'langks), n. [pi. pha- 
langes (-lan'jez)], among the an- 
cient Greeks, a square battalion of 
heavy-armed infantry drawn up in 
close rank : hence any close compact 



ate, arm, &sk, at, awl 



me, merge, 
book : hue. 



met; 
hut; 



mite, 
think. 



mit ; note, 
then. 



north, not; boon.. 



plia 



601 



plia 



body : pi. the small bones of the fin- 
gers and toes. 

pliantasm (fan'tazm), n. a vision or 
specter. 

phantasmagoria (-taz-ma-go'ri-a) , 
n. a magic lantern. 

pliant om. ('torn), n. an apparition; 
spirit ; fancied vision. 

pliarisaic (far-i-sa'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or charactertistic of, the 
Pharisees ; formally religious ; hypo- 
critical. Also Pharisaical. 

Pharisaism ('i-sa-izm), n. the doc- 
trines and practices of the Pharisees. 

Pharisee ('i-se), n. one of a religious 
sect among the Jews characterized 
by their strict observance of the let- 
ter of the law, and rites and cere- 
monies ; one who observes the letter 
rather than the spirit of the law ; a 
mere formalist. 

pharmaceutic (far-ma-sti'tik), adj. 
pertaining to pharmaceutics. Also 
pharmaceutical : n.pl. pharmacy. 

pharmaceuist ('tist), n. one who 
prepares medicines. Also pharma- 
cist. 

pharmacology (-ma-kol'o-ji), n. a 
treatise on pharmacy. 

pharmacopoeia (-ko-pe'ya), n. an 
official publication containing the 
list of drugs of the Materia Medica, 
and directions for the preparation of 
medicines, &c. 

pharmacy ('ma-si), n. the art of pre- 
paring and compounding medicines ; 
a drug-store. 

pharos (fa'ros), n. a lighthouse. 

pharyngeal (fa-rin'je-al) , adj. per- 
taining to the pharynx. 

pharynx (far'ingks), n. the muscu- 
lar or membranous sac at the upper 
part of the esophagus. 

phase (faz), n. {pi. phases (fa'sez)], 
the illuminated surface shown by a 
planet, or the moon ; aspect ; appear- 
ance ; transparent green quartz. 
Also phasis. 

pheasant (fez'ant), 11. a gallinaceous 
bird with brilliant plumage, and pre- 
served for sport. 

pheasantry (-ri), n. a. place where 
pheasants are bred and preserved. 

phenix (fe'niks), n. a fabulous bird, 
said to live 500 years in the Arabian 
desert, and to rise rejuvenescent 



from its ashen after immolating it- 
self on a funeral pyre : hence the 
emblem of immortality. Also phoe- 
nix. 

phenol (fe'nol), n. carbolic acid, 

phenomenal (-nom'en-al), adj. per- 
taining to, or consisting of, phenom- 
ena. • 

phenomenalism (-izm),n. the meta- 
physical doctrine that visible things 
are really phenomena. 

phenomenist ('e-nist), n. a believer 
in phenomenalism. 

phenomenon ('e-non), n. \_pl. phe- 
nomena ( 'e-na ) ] , an appearance, es- 
pecially one of unusual occurrence ; 
something as it is perceived by ex- 
periment or observation. 

phenyl (fe'nil), n. the hydro-carbon 
radical of phenol. 

phial (fi'al), n. a small glass bottle 
or vessel : v.t. to put or keep in a 
phial. Also vial. 

philanthropic (fil-an-throp'ik), adj. 
loving mankind ; benevolent. Also 
philanthropical. 

philanthropically (-al-li), adv. be- 
nevolently. 

philanthropist ('an-thro-pist), n. 
one who loves and seeks to benefit 
mankind. 

philanthropy (-pi), n. love of man- 
kind ; benevolence. 

philatelist (fi-lat'e-list). n. a collec- 
tor of postage stamps : adj. pertain- 
ing to philately. 

philately ('e-li), n. the systematic 
collection of postage stamps. 

philharmonic (-har-mon'ik), adj^ 
loving harmony ; noting a musical 
society. 

philippic (fi-lip'ik), n. a speech of 
vehement invective : from one of the 
three orations of Demosthenes 
against Philip of Macedon. 

Philistine (fil'is-tin or -is'tin), n. an 
ancient inhabitant of the southwest- 
ern coast of Palestine ; in Germany, 
a non-academical person ; an uncul- 
tured person or one of narrow views : 
adj. pertaining to, or characteristic 
of, the Philistines ; uncultured ; nar- 
row-minded ; prosaic. 

Philistinism (-izm), n. the manners 
or modes of thought of a modern 
Philistine. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me. merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut : think, thQH, 



phi 



602 



Vh.o 



philological (-o-loj'i-kal), adj. per- 
taining to philology. 

philologist (-ol'o-jist), n. one skilled 
in philology. Also philologer. 

philology (-ol'o-ji), n. the scientific 
study of languages and their struc- 
ture and mutual relation. 

philomel ('o-mel), n. the nightingale. 

philopr ogenitiveness ( -o-pro-jen'i- 
tiv-nes), n. the instinctive love of 
offspring. 
,jj- philosopher (-os'o-fer), n. a student 
of philosophy ; one noted for calm 
judgment and practical wisdom. 

philosophic (-o-sof'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or in accordance with, phi- 
losophy ; rational ; wise ; calm. Also 
philosophical. 

philosophically (-al-li), adv. in a 
philosophic manner. 

philosophize (-os'o-flz), v.i. to rea- 
son like a philosopher. 

philosophy ('6-fi), n. the knowledge 
of the causes of all phenomena both 
of mind and matter ; a particular 
philosophic system ; calmness of 
temper. 

philter, philtre ('ter), n. a love 
charm or potion. 

phiz, abbreviation of physiognomy. 

phlebotomy (fle-bot'6-mi), n. the 
act or practice of opening a vein to 
let blood. 

phlegm (flem), n. mucus secreted in 
the air passages of the throat ; cold- 
ness ; sluggishness. 

phlegmatic (fleg-mat'ik), adj. 
abounding in phlegm ; sluggish ; dull. 
Phlegmatical. 

phlegmatically (-al-li), adv. in a 
phlegmatic manner. 

Phlox (floks), n. a genus of North 
American bright-colored flowering 
plants. 

phlox, n. any plant of the genus 
Phlox. 

Phoebus (fe'bus), n. Apollo; the sun. 

Phoenician (fe-nish'an) , adj. per- 
taining to ancient Phoenicia, or to 
its inhabitants. 

phoenix, same as phenix. 

phonetic (fo-net'ik), adj. pertaining 
to the voice or sounds ; representing 
the simple elementary sounds. Also 
phonetical : n.pl. the science of 



sounds, especially of the human 
voice. 

phonetically (-kl-ll) ,adv.hj sounds. 

phonics (fon'iks), n.pl. the science of 
sounds ; acoustics. 

phonogram (fo'no-gram), n. articu- 
late sound as recorded by the phono- 
graph ; a written character repre- 
senting a particular sound. 

phonograph ('no-graf), n. a letter 
or character indicating a distinct 
spoken sound ; an instrument to re- 
cord or reproduce articulate speech 
or sounds. 

phonographic ('ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or representing, articulate 
sounds, or to phonography. 

phonography (-nog'ra-fi), n. a de- 
scription of sounds uttered by the 
human voice ; a system of shorthand, 
by which every sound is represented 
by a separate character or mark. 

phonology (-nol'o-ji), n. the science 
of articulate sounds. 

phonoscope ('nq-skop), n. an instru- 
ment which by means of electricity 
translates vibrations of sounds into 
visible figures. 

phonotype ('no-tip), n. a phonetic 
type. 

phonotypy ('no-ti-pi), n. a method 
of printing each vocal sound by a 
distinct type. 

phormium (for'mi-um), n. New Zea- 
land flax. 

phosphate (fos'fat), n. a salt of 
phosphoric acid. 

phosphide, same as phosphuret. 

phosphite ('fit), n. a salt of phos- 
phorous acid. 

phosphorate ('fo-rat), v.t. to com- 
bine with phosphorus. 

phosphoresce (-fo-res'), v.i. to emit 
light like phosphorus. 

phosphorescence ( 'ens) , n. emission 
of light under certain conditions by 
substances at common temperatures ; 
faint light. 

phosphorescent ('ent), adj. lumi- 
nous. 

phosphoric (-for'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, like, or obtained from, phos- 
phorus. Phosphorous. 

phosphorous acid ('for-us as'id), n. 
an acid formed by the union of 1 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



pho 



603 



phy 



atom of phosphorus and 3 atoms of 
oxygen. 

phosphorus ('for-us), n. a yellowish, 
wax-like, inflammable, non-metallic 
element, luminous in the dark. 

phosphuret ('fu-ret), n. a combina- 
tion of phosphorus with a metallic 
base. 

phosphurettedL ('ed), adj. combined 
with phosphorus. 

photo, a prefix meaning light. 

photo (fo'to), n. a photograph. 

photochromy (fo'to-kro-mi), n. the 
art or process of photographing in 
colors. 

photogen ('to-jen), n. an inflamrna- 
ble hydro-carbon ; parafiin. 

photoglyphy (-tog'li-fi), «. a process 
of engraving by which photographs 
are etched into metal plates by the 
action of light and chemicals. 

photograph ('to-graf), n. a photo- 
graphic picture : v.t. to take a pic- 
ture of by means of photography. 

photographic (-graf'ik), adj. per^ 
taining to, or produced by, photogra- 
phy. 

photography (-tog'ra-fi), n. the art 
or process of producing pictures by 
the action of light on certain sub- 
stances sensitized by various chem- 
ical processes. 

photogravure (-to-gr§,-vur'), n. the 
process of producing by photography 
on a sensitized surface an incised 
engraved metal plate from which im- 
pressions maj' be printed : v.t. to 
produce by such a process. 

photoheliograph (-he'li-o-graf), n. 
a photographic telescope or camera 
moved by clockwork, for depicting 
solar spots, transits, &c. 

photophone ('to-fon), n. an instru- 
ment for communicating sounds by 
the agency of light. 

photopsia (top'si-a), n. a morbid af- 
fection of the eyes in which corrus- 
cations of light appear to play be- 
fore them. Also photopsy. 

photosphere ('to-sfer), n. the lumi- 
nous envelope of the sun. 

phototype ('to-tip), n. a block pro- 
duced by photography from which 
engravings, &c., can be printed ; the 
process itself. 

photozimcograpixy ( -zing-kog'ra-fi ) , 



n. a process by which zinc blocks are 
prepared for printing from. 

phrase (fraz), n. a part of a sen- 
tence ; brief pithy expression ; idiom ; 
style or manner : v.t. to style ; ex- 
press in peculiar words. 

phraseology (-e-ol'o-ji), n. style,, 
manner, or peculiarity, of expres- 
sion ; a collection of phrases. 

phrenic (fren'ik), ad;, .pertaining to 
the diaphragm. 

phrenitis (fre-ni'tis), n. inflamma- 
tion of the brain. 

phrenological (fren-6-loj'i-kal), adj.. 
pertaining to phrenology. 

phrenologically (-li), adv. accord- 
ing to phrenology. 

phrenologist (fre-nol'o-jist), n. one 
who believes in, or is skilled in, phre- 
nology. 

phrenology (Vji), n. the science of 
the human mind or brain, as con- 
nected with the moral, intellectual, 
and sensual dispositions of the indi- 
vidual, which are supposed to be in- 
dicated by the undulations, or 
"bumps," on the cranium. 

phthisic (tiz'ik), w. asthma; phthisis. 

phthisical (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or caused by, phthisic or phthisis. 

phthisis (thi'sis), n. pulmonary con- 
sumption. 

phycology (fi-koro-ji), n. the study 
of the algse or seaweeds. 

phylactery (fi-lak'ter-i), n. [pt. phy- 
lacteries (-iz)], a small square box 
containing a thin strip of parchment 
upon which certain texts from ^ the 
law are inscribed, worn by pious 
Jews upon the forehead and left 
wrist. 

phylloxera (-loks-e'ra), n. an insect 
(Phylloxera vastoArix) which punc- 
tures the roots and leaves of vines 
and causes their destruction. 

physeter (fi-se'ter), n. the sperm 
whale. 

physic (fiz'ik), n. the science of med- 
icine, or the art of healing; medi- 
cine ; a cathartic : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
physicked, p.pr. physicking], to ad- 
minister medicine to ; cure. 

physical ('i-kal), adj. pertaining to 
nature, or to material things ; per- 
ceptible to the senses ; pertaining to 
physics ; medicinal. 



ate, arm, ask, at, "^wl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



phy 



604 



pic 



physician (fi-zish'an), n. one legally 
qualified to prescribe remedies for 
diseases. 

physicisin (fix'i-sizm), n. material- 
ism. 

physicist ('i-sist), n. a student of 
natural science. 

physico, a prefix, meaning of, or per- 
taining to, nature, as physico-theol- 
ogy, theology illustrated by natural 
philosophy. 

physics ('iks), n.pl. physical science 
or natural philosophy. 

physiognomist (-i-og'no-mist), n. 
one who is skilled in physiognomy. 

physiognomy (-mi), n. the science 
of discerning the character of the 
mind from the features of the coun- 
tenance ; the face ; outward appear- 
ance. 

physiological (-i-o-loj'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to physiology. 

physiologist (-i-ol'-o-jist), n. one 
who is skilled in physiology. 

physiology (-ol'o-ji), n. the science 
that treats of the vital functions 
performed by the organs of animals 
and plants. 

physique (fi-zek'), n. physical organ- 
ization. 

pi, pie (pi), n. disarranged or jum- 
bled type : v.t. to jumble or throw 
into disorder, as printing type. 

piacular ( pT-ak'ti-lar ) , adj. expia- 
tory ; requiring sacrifice ; atrocious. 

pia mater (pi'a ma'ter), n. a deli- 
cate vascular membrane which in- 
vests the brain and spinal cord. 

pianist (pi-an'ist), n. a performer on 
the piano. 

piano (pi-an'o), n. a pianoforte. 

pianoforte (-for-te), n. a stringed 
musical instrument, the notes of 
which are produced by hammers 
acted upon by keys. 

piano-player (-pla'er), n. an at- 
tachment to a piano causing it to 
^play automatically. 

piazza (-az'u), n. an open square sur- 
rounded by buildings or colonnades; 
a walk under a roof supported by 
^pillars. 

pibcorn (pib'korn), n. a Welsh mu- 
^sical pipe. 

pibroch (pe'brokh), n. the wild mar- 



tial music of the Scottish bagpipe; 
a bagpipe. 

pica (pi'ka), n, a sizd of type, used 
as a standard of measurement in 
printing (see type) ; a vitiated ap- 
petite for unnatural kinds of sub' 
stances, as coal, sand, chalk, &c. 

picador (pik-a-dor'), n. the horse- 
man who incites the bull in a Span- 
ish bull fight by attacking it with a 
lance. 

picaroon (-roon'), n. a robber, pi- 
rate, or marauder. 

picayune (-yoon'), n. a small silver 
coin = Qy^^ cents. 

piccalilli ('a-lil-i), n. a kind of 
pickle. 

piccaninny ('a-nin-i), n, Ipl. picca- 
ninnies (-iz)], a negro baby or 
child. 

piccolo ('o-lo), n. a small flute hav- 
ing its notes an octave higher than 
the ordinary flute. 

pick (pik), n. a sharp pointed iron 
tool ; choice or selection : v.t. to 
strike with a sharp instrument, or 
with the beak ; pierce ; open by an 
instrument ; pluck or gather ; sep- 
arate with the fingers ; choose or 
select ; clean ; rob : v.i. to eat, or do 
anything, leisurely and fastidiously ; 
pilfer. 

pick-a-back ('a-bak), adv. on the 
shoulders like a pack. 

pickax, pickaxe ('aks), n. an ex- 
cavating tool, pointed at one end 
and broad at the other. 

pickerel ('er-el), n. a small pike, 

picket ('et), n. a pointed stake used 
in fortification ; pale of a fence ; a 
stake to which a horse is fastened r 
a military guard to give notice of the 
approach of an enemy, or to bring 
in deserters ; one or more appointed 
by a trades-union to watch a fac- 
tory, &c., where non-unionist men 
are employed during a strike : v.t. 
to place as a picket ; fasten to a 
picket. 

pickle ('1), n. a mixture of brine 
and water, &c., for preserving food ; 
vegetables, &c., preserved in pickle ; 
embarrassment or difiiculty ; a mis- 
chievous or troublesome child : v.t, 
to preserve in, or as in, pickle. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, th^n. 



pic 



605 



Pi> 



picklock ('lok), n. an instrument for 
picking locks ; a thief. 

picnic ('nik), n. a short excursion 
into the country, &c., by a pleasure 
party carrying their own provisions ; 
a kind of biscuit. 

picric acid ('rik as'id), n. an in- 
tensely bitter acid formed by the 
action of nitric acid on indigo ; car- 
bazotic acid. 

picromel ('ro-mel), n. a greenish- 
yellow sweet-bitter substance found 
in bile. 

picrotoxin (-toks'in), n. the poison- 
ous bitter principle found in the 
berries of Cocculus indicus. 

pictorial (pik-to'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or illustrated by, pictures. 

picture ('ttir), n. a painting or draw- 
ing representing a person or thing ; 
vivid representation or description. 

picturesque (-esk'), adj. giving vivid 
impression of nature or reality ; 
graphic ; wild and beautiful ; roman- 
tic : n. that which is picturesque. 

pie (pi), n. the magpie; printer's type 
confusedly mixed ; meat or fruit cov- 
ered with crust and baked. 

piebald ('bawld), adj. having patches 
of different colors. 

piece (pes), n. a part of anything; 
certain quantity ; literary or artistic 
composition ; separate performance ; 
coin; gun; person (used contemptu- 
ously) : v.t. to enlarge by adding a 
piece ; patch : v.i. to join ; unite by 
coalescence of parts. 

piecemeal ( 'mel ) , adj. made of pieces 
or parts ; single : adv. in pieces or 
parts. 

pied (pid), at?/, variegated or spotted. 

pier (per)-, n, a mass of masonry 
supporting an arch, bridge, &c. ; tim- 
bers of a bridge or other building ; 
mole or jetty ; wharf ; a landing 
place projecting into the sea. 

pierce (pers), v.t. to penetrate, espe- 
cially with a pointed instrument ; 
affect deeply ; explore ; dive into : 
v.i. to enter. 

pierceable ('a.-bl), adj. that may be 
pierced. 

piercing ('ing), adj. penetrating; 
keen. 

pier glass (per gl§s), n. an orna- 



mental mirror, especially one be- 
tween windows. 

piety (pl'e-ti), n. the quality of be- 
ing pious ; reverence for, and duty 
towards, God ; reverence to parents. 

pig (pig), n. the young of swine; a 
swine ; pork ; an oblong mass of un- 
forged metal : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. pigged^ 
p.pr. pigging], to bring forth pigs; 
be huddled together. 

pigeon (pij'un), n. a bird of the ge^ 
nus Columba ; a simpleton ; one who 
is easily imposed upon or swindled. . 

pigeon-breasted (-bres'ted), adj. 
having a narrow breast like a pig- 
eon. 

pigeon Englisk (ing'glish), n. a jar- 
gon of English used in commercial 
dealings with the Chinese. Also 
pidgin English. 

pigeon-liole (-hoi), n. a compart- 
ment for papers, &c. 

pigeon-toed (-tod), adj. having the 
toes turned inwards. 

piggery (pig'er-i), n. a place for 
pigs. 

piggin ('in), n. a small drinking ves- 
sel. 

pigheaded ('hed-ed), adj. stupidly 
obstinate. 

pigmean (-me'an), adj. dwarfish. 

pigment ('ment), n. paint; coloring 
matter. 

pigmy, same as pygmy. 

pignons (pin'yunz), n.pl. the edible 
seeds of various pine cones. 

pig-nut (pig'nut), n. the sweetish- 
bitter nut of a species of hickory ; 
the ground chestnut. 

pigsty C'sti), n. a pen for pigs. 

pigtail ('tal), n. the tail of a pig; 
hair twisted into the form of a long 
queue and hanging down the back 
of the head ; tobacco in long twists. 

pigwidgeon (-wij'un), n. a fairy; 
anything very diminutive. 

pike (pik), n. a weapon with a shaft 
and spearhead ; a voracious fresh- 
water fish with a narrow, elongated, 
pointed head. 

pilaster (pi-las'ter), n. a square col- 
umn or pillar, inserted partly in a 
wall. 

pilchard (pil'chard), n. a marine 
edible fish, resembling the herring. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



pil 



606 



pin 



found chiefly on the coasts of Devon 
and Cornwall. 

pile (pil), n. a large beam driven 
into the ground to make a firm 
foundation ; mass or heap ; accumu- 
lation ; large building ; a series of 
plates arranged to produce an elec- 
tric current ; nap of cloth ; a for- 
tune : pi. hemorrhoids : v.t. to heap 
up ; collect in a mass ; accumulate ; 
lay on ; drive piles into. 

pilfer (pil'fer), v.t. to steal in small 
quantities. 

pilgarlick (-gar'lik), n. one who has 
lost his hair by disease ; a wretched 
sneaking fellow. 

pilgrim ( 'grim ) , w. a traveler ; one 
who travels from a distance to visit 
some sacred place or shrine. 

pilgrimage ( -aj ) , w. a journey, espe- 
cially to some sacred place. 

pill (pil), n. a small ball of some 
medicinal substance to be swallowed 
entire ; something disagreeable that 
must be accepted : v.t. to reject by 
black balls in a club ballot. 

pillage ('aj), n. the act of plunder- 
ing ; spoil : v.t. to plunder or spoil ; 
lay waste. 

pillar Car), n, a column to support a 
structure ; monument ; something 
resembling a pillar, or affording sup- 
port. 

pillion Cyun), n. a cushion for a 

' woman to ride on horseback behind 
a horseman ; a soft low saddle. 

pillory Cor-i), n. [pi. pilktries (-iz)], 
a wooden frame supported by an up- 
right post, having holes through 
which the head and hands of a per- 
son exposed to disgrace were passed 
and secured : v.t. to place in a pil- 
lory; expose to public disgrace or 
abuse. 

pillow ('o), n. a case filled with 
feathers, &c.,- to support the head of 
a person reposing; the block on 
which the inner end of a bowsprit 
is supported : adj. noting a kind of 
lace : v.t. to place on a pillow. 

pilose (pi'los), adj. hairy. Also pi- 
lous. 

pilot ('lot), n. one who conducts a 
vessel in or out of a harbor or where 
navigation is difficult or dangerous ; 



a guide : v.t. to guide or direct as a 
pilot. 

pilotage (-aj), n. the act of piloting; 
skill of a pilot; pilot's dues. 

pilot-cloth (-kloth) , n. a stout thick 
cloth. 

pilot-engine (-en'jin), n. a locomo- 
tive sent on in front to clear the 
line. 

pim.ento (pi-men'to), n. allspice. 

pimp (pimp), n. a procurer: v.i. to 
procure immoral women for others. 

pimpernel (pim'per-nel), n. a name 
for various plants of the genus Ana- 
gallis. 

pimple Cpl), n. a small pustule. 

pimpled ('pld), adj. having, or full 
of, pimples. Also pimply. 

pin (pin), n. a short piece of wire 
sharpened at one end and having a 
head at the other, used for fasten- 
ing articles together ; anything 
driven to hold parts together ; bolt 
or peg ; linchpin ; cylindrical wood- 
en roller ; anything of small value : 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p. pinned, p.pr. pin- 
ning], to fasten with, or as with, a 
pin; inclose. 

pina-cloth (pe'nya-kloth), n. sl fine 
cloth made in Manila from the fibers 
of the pineapple leaf. 

pinafore (pin'a-for), n. a loose apron 
or covering to protect children's 
dresses. 

pinaster (pi-nas'ter), n. the cluster- 
pine of southern Europe. 

pincerS) same as pinchers. 

pinch (pinch), v.t. to squeeze or nip; 
oppress or distress : v.i. to bear 
hard; be straitened; be mean or 
niggardly : n. a squeeze or nip, as 
with the fingers and thumb ; dis' 
tress, or difficulty. 

pinchbeck ('bek), n. a yellow alloy 
of 5 parts of copper and 1 of zinc : 
adj. noting jewelry of inferior make, 

pinchers (pinch'erz), n. an instru- 
ment for drawing out nails, &c. ; 
nippers. Also pincers. 

pine (pin), n. a cone-bearing tree o£ 
the genus Pinus ; timber of the 
pine : v.i. to waste away from dis- 
tress, anxiety, &c. 

pineal (pin'e-al), adj. shaped like ij 
pine-cone. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; . bo5n, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, /7ien. 




PLOIAGE 
1 a, b. Horned Bell. — 2 a, b. Red Starred Blue-Throated Warbler. — 3 a, b. Dominican Widow. — 
4 a, b. Teal. — 5 a, b. Running Game Cock. — 6. Golden Snipe Hen. — 7 a. Prairie Hen. — 
8 a, b. Crested Auk. — 9 a, b. Crested Grebe. — 10 a. Temminck Tragopan (Asiatic game bird), 
with inflated throat-sac and erect horns, (a, female: b, male.) 



pin 



607 



pis 



pineapple (pin'ap-l), n. a tropical 
plant and its cone-shaped fruit. 

pin-footed (pin'foot-ed), adj. hav- 
ing the toes or feet bordered by a 
membrane. 

pinion ('yun), n. the last joint of a 
bird's wing ; a wing ; the smaller of 
two geared wheels : v.t. to bind or 
secure, as by binding the arms ; 
confine or fetter. 

pink (pingk), n. a shade of light-red 
color ; a flower with sharp-pointed 
leaves of the genus Dianthus ; a 
narrow-sterned vessel ; anything of 
supreme excellence : adj. of the color 
of a pink : v.t. to stab ; pierce or 
punch with small round holes or 
small scallops ; work in eyelet holes. 

pinking ('ing), n. a method of orna- 
menting dress materials or leather 
by scalloping the edges. 

pin-money (pin-mun'i), n. money 
allowed to a wife by her husband 
for her private expenses : originally 
for buying pins. 

pinnace (pin'as), n. a small light 
schooner-rigged vessel with oars ; an 
^eight-oared man-of-war's boat. 

pinnacle ('a-kl), n. a small polyg- 
onal turret or elevation above the 
rest of the building; a high point 
like a spire : v.t. furnish with pin- 
nacles. 

pinnate ('at), adj. shaped like a 
feather ; divided into leaflets. Also 
pinnated. 

pint (pint), n. l-8th of a gallon. 

pintail (pin'tal), n. a duck with a 
pointed tail. 

pintle ( 'tl ) , w. a bolt ; the hook which 
attaches the rudder to the stern of 
a vessel. 

pioneer (pi-o-ner'), n. a soldier or 
person whose business it is to clear 
and repair roads, &c., before an 
army, sink mines, and throw up for- 
tifications ; one who goes before to 
prepare the way for another : v.i. 
act as a pioneer. 

pious ('us), adj. dutiful to God, or to 
parents ; religious ; devout ; proceed- 
ing from, or actuated by, religious 
feeling. 

pip (pip) , n. the seed of certain fruit ; 
a disease in fowls ; a spot on a play- 
ing card : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. pipped, 



p.pr. pipping], to cry like a chicken 
^or small bird. 

pipe (pip), n. any long hollow tube; 
a tube of clay, wood, &c, with a 
bowl at one end for smoking tobac- 
co ; a wine measure = 2 hogsheads, 
or 105 imperial gallons, or 126 wine- 
gallons : v.t. to play on, or call by, 
a pipe : v.i. to whistle ; emit a shrUl 
sound. 

piperine (pi'per-in), n. the active 
principle of black pepper. 

piping ('ing), adj. feeble; weak; 
shrill ; playing upon a pipe ; hot like 
boiling water : n. corded trimming 
for dresses. 

pipkin (pip'kin), n. an earthen pot 
glazed on the inside. 

pippin ('in)^ n. sl variety of apple. 

piquancy (pe'kan-si), n. the state or 
quality of being piquant. 

piquant ('kant), adj. pungent; se- 
vere. 

pique (pek), n. slight anger or re- 
sentment ; wounded pride ; punc- 
tilio : v.t. to wound the pride of ; 
irritate ; displease ; pride or value 
(one's self). 

pique (pe-ka'), n. a French cotton 
material, usually with some geomet- 
rical pattern. 

piquet (pe-ket'), n. a card game. 

piracy (pi'ra-si), n. the act or crime 
of a pirate ; infringement of copy- 
right. 

pirate ('rat), n. a robber on the high 
seas ; one who infringes the law of 
literary or artistic copyright : v.t. 
to take without permission or com- 
pensation : v.i. to practice piracy. 

pirogue (pi-rog'), n. a canoe consist- 
ing of the hollowed trunk of a single 
tree; a North American narrow 
ferry-boat. 

pirouette (pir-oo-ef), n. a whirling 
or turning about on one toe; turn- 
ing of a horse on the same ground ; , 
v.i. to execute a pirouette. 

piscary (pis'ka-ri), n. right or liber- 
ty of fishing. 

piscatorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to fishing. Also piscatory. 

piscicultural ( -i-kul'tu-ral ) , adj^ 
pertaining to pisciculture. 

pisciculture ( 'i-kul-tur ) , n. the arti- 
ficial breeding and rearing of fishes. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; booOf 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



pis 



608 



piv 



pisk (pish), inter j. a contemptuous 
exclamation : v.i. to express con- 
tempt. 

pismire (pis'mir), n. an ant. 

pistil ('til), n. the seed-bearing or- 
gan in the center of a flower. 

pistillate (-at), adj. having a pistil. 

pistol ('tol), n. a small hand-gun; 
v.t. to shoot with a pistol. 

pistole (-tol'), n. a Spanish gold coin 
of varying value : usually about 
$3.60. 

piston ,('tun), n. a small solid cylin- 
der of metal or wood, fitting exactly 
and moving up and down the barrel 
of a pump, or the cylinder of a 
steam-engine. 

piston-rod (-rod), n. the rod moving 
the piston and connecting it with 
the external machinery. 

pit (pit), n. a deep hole in the earth ; 
an abyss ; shaft of a mine ; a hole 
used for trapping wild animals ; 
area for cock-fighting ; ground floor 
of a theater; a hollow part of the 
body, as the stomach ; indentation 
left by small-pox ; Hades (with 
the) : v.t. [p.t. & p.p, pitted, p.pr. 
pitting], to mark with small hollows 
or depressions ; set in competition ; 
place in a pit. 

pitacal ('a-kal), n. a substance ob- 
tained from wood-tar. 

pit-a-pat (-a-paf), adv. with quick 
beating : n. a palpitation ; a light 
quick step. 

pitch (pich), n. the solid black res- 
inous substance obtained from boiled 
tar ; a casting forward or down ; 
degree or rate ; slope ; the degree of 
acuteness or graveness of a musical 
note ; distance between the center of 
two gearing teeth ; at cricket, the 
distance between the wickets : v.t. 
to smear with pitch ; throw ; cast 
headlong ; set to a key-note ; order 
regularly ; fix in, or on, the ground : 
v.i. to settle ; fall headlong ; en- 
camp ; rise and fall; fix the choice 
(with upon). 

pitchblende ('blend), n. a black ox- 
ide of uranium : used in coloring 
glass a pale sea-green ; it is the chief 
source of radium. 

pitched battle ('t bat'l), n. a bat- 



tle in which the opposing forces 
have taken up a regular position. 

pitcher ('er), n. one who pitches; 
an earthen vessel for holding water ; 
an instrument for piercing the 
ground. 

pitcher-plant (-plant), n. an East- 
ern plant, the vase-like leaves of 
which, furnished with lids, hold 
water. 

pitchforh ('fOrk), qi. a pronged fork 
for pitching hay, straw, &c. : v.t. to 
lift or throw with, or as with, a 
pitchfork. 

pitchiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being pitchy. 

pitch- wheel (-hwel), n. a toothed 
wheel that works in another. 

pitchy ('i), adj. like, or smeared with, 
pitch. 

piteous (pit'e-us), adj. exciting pity; 
sorrowful ; sad. 

pitfall ('fawl), n. a pit lightly cov- 
ered so that wild beasts may fall 
into it; a trap. 

pith (pith), n. the soft spongy sub- 
stance in the center of plants ; mar- 
row ; quintesscence ; energy or force. 

pithily (pith'i-li), adv, in a pithy 
manner. 

pithiness ('i-nes), n. concentrated 
^force. 

pithy ('i), adj. of the nature of or 
full of pith ; forcible. 

pitiable (pit'i-a-bl), adj. deserving 
pity.. 

pitiably ('i-a-bli), adv. in a pitiable 
manner. 

pitiful ('i-fool), adj. moving com- 
passion; insignificant. 

pitifully (-li), adv. in a pitiful man- 
ner. 

pitiless ('i-les), adj. without pity or 
compassion ; merciless. 

pitsaw ('saw), n. a two-handled saw. 

pittance ('ans), n. a small allow- 
ance, especially of money. 

pitted ('ed), p. adj. marked with in- 
dentations or small hollows. 

pity ('i), n. sympathy with distress; 
compassion ; a subject of pity or 
grief : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. pitied, p.pr. 
pitying] , to sympathize with : v.i. 
to be compassionate, or affected 
with pity. 

pivot (piv'ot), n. the short shaft on 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrtb, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, tliQU. 



pi3 



pu 



which anything turns ; the soldier 
who is stationary at the flank while 
the company drilling wheels round : 
v.t. to place on a pivot. 

pix, another form of pyx. 

pixy (piks'i), n. [pZ. pixies ('iz)], 
a fairy. Also pixie. 

placability (pla-ka-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being placable. Also 
placableness. 

placable ('ka-bl), adj. that may be 
appeased or pacified ; forgiving. 

placard (plak'ard), n. a bill placed 
on a wall, &c., as an advertisement : 
v.t. (pla-kard'), to advertise by a 
placard. 

vlace (plas), n. a special spot or 
locality ; broadway or square ; sit- 
uation ; site ; residence ; office ; city 
or town ; room ; existence ; du^y ; 
passage in writing or a book ; for- 
tified post ; precedence : v.t. to put 
in any place, office, &c. ; ascribe ; 
settle ; establish ; invest ; put out at 
interest. 

placeman ('man), n. a government 
official. 

placenta (pla-sen'ta), n, the vascu- 
lar organ that connects the fetus 
in the womb with the mother, the 
after-birth ; that part of the carpel 
of a plant to which the ovules or 
seeds are attached. 

placental ('tal), adj. pertaining to, 
or having, a placenta : w. a mam- 
mal with a placenta. 

placer (plas'er), n. a mineral deposit 
which is not a vein. 

placid (plas'id), adj. calm; peaceful ; 
mild. 

placidity ('i-ti), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being placid. 

placket (plak'et), n. a petticoat; a 
slit in a skirt or petticoat ; a wom- 
an's pocket. 

plagiarism (pla'ji-a-rism), n. the 
act of plagiarizing. 

plagiarist (-rist), n. one who steals 
from the writings of another and 
passes them off as his own produc- 
tion ; literary theft. Also plagiary. 

plagiarize (-iz), v.t. to steal from 
the writings of another. 

plague (plag), n. a malignant epi- 
demic ; anything very troublesome or 



annoying- v.t. to infest with dis- 
ease ; trouble or annoy greatly. 

plaguily Ci-li), adv. so as to plague., 

plaguy ('i), adj. vexatious. 

plaice (plas), n. an edible flat-fish. 

plaid (plad), n. a checkered woolen 
cloth, originally worn as a garment 
by the Highlanders of Scotland. 

plain (plan), adj. level; flat; even; 
smooth ; clear ; evident ; easily un- 
derstood ; not luxurious ; devoid of 
beauty, or ornament ; homely : n. 
level ground ; any flat expanse. 

plaint (plant), n. lamentation; a 
mournful song ; the exhibiting of an 
action in writing by a plaintiff. 

plaintiff (plan'tif), n. one who com- 
mences a suit in a court of law. 

plaintive ('tiv), adj. expressing 
grief or sorrow ; sad. 

plaintively (-li), adv. in a plaintive 
manner. 

plaintiveness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being plaintive. 

plait (plat), n. a flat fold; braid: v.t. 
to fold or braid; interweave. Also 
pleat. 

pjan (plan), n. a drawing on a flat 
surface, as of a building, &c. ; 
scheme or project : v.t. \_p.t. & p.p. 
planned, p.pr. planning], to make a 
plan or sketch of, on a flat surface; 
form in design ; outline. 

planchet ('chet), n. a flat piece of 
metal prepared for coining. 

plancbette (plang-shef), n. a heart- 
shaped board fitted with wheels and 
a pencil which traces marks as it 
moves the hand by some supposed 
mysterious agency. 

plane (plan), adj. flat; level; even: 
without elevations or depressions :, 
n. a flat or even surface ; in geom- 
etry, an even superficies ; a level sur- 
face parallel to the horizon ; a car- 
penter's tool for smoothing wood : 
v.t. to make level ; make smooth 
with a plane. 

plane-tree ('tre), n. a large tree 
with broad-spreading leaves. 

planet (plan'et), n. a heavenly body 
revolving round the sun. 

planetarium (-a'ri-um), n. a ma- 
chine to exhibit the planets, their 
motions round the sun, and their 
relative distances and magnitudes. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book : hue, hut ; think, f/ien. 



pia 



610 



pla 



planetary ('et-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
to, consisting of, or produced by, 
planets ; erratic. 

planetoid ('et-oid), n. any one of the 
small planets revolving in the space 
between Mars and Venus; minor 
planet. 

planish, (plan'ish), v.t. to polish or 
smooth by hammering. 

planisphere ('is-fer), n. a sphere or 
globe projected on a plane surface. 

plank (plangk), n, a long broad 
piece of sawn timber thicker than a 
board ; an item in a political pro- 
gramme or policy : v.t. to cover with 
planks; pay (with down). 

planner (plan'er), n. one who plans; 
a projector. 

piano, a prefice meaning flat, as piano- 
concave : adj. flat or plane on one 
side, concave on the other. 

plant (plant), n. any vegetable 
organism ; sprout or sapling ; the 
tools, machinery, or fixtures of any 
trade or business ; a swindle : v.t. 
to put into the ground for growth, 
as seed ; fix_ in the mind ; establish. 

plantain ('tan), n. a tropical broad- 
leaved tree yielding an edible fruit 
similar to the banana. 

plantation (-ta'shun), n. a place 
planted with trees ; a large culti- 
vated estate for cotton, sugar, &c. ; 
a new settlement or colony. 

planter ( 'er ) , n. one who plants ; the 
owner of a plantation. 

plantigrade ('i-grad), n. walking on 
the sole of the foot; a carnivorous 
animal, as the bear, of the section 
plantigrada. 

plantule ('til), n. an embryo of a 
plant. 

plaque (plak), n. a metal or terra- 
cotta plate upon which flowers, fig- 
ures, &;c., are enameled or painted. 
' plash, (plash), n. a puddle; pond: 
v.t. to splash or dash with water ; 
interweave the branches or twigs 
of : as, to plash a hedge. 

plasm (plazm), n. sl mold or matrix. 

plasma (plaz'ma), n. the colorless 
fluid of the blood in which the red 
corpuscles float ; protoplasm ; a 
grass-green variety of chalcedony. 

plaster (ter), n. calcined gypsum 
us^ed for castings, &c. (plaster of 



paris) ; a composition of lime, sand, 
and water, for coating walls ; a me- 
dicinal application for external use : 
adj. made of plaster : v.t. to over- 
lay or cover with, or as with, 
plaster. 

plastic C'tik), adj. capable of being 
formed or molded ; giving form. 

plasticity (-tis'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being plastic. 

plat, same as plait. 

plate (plat), n. a thin piece of metal ; 
a small shallow vessel used at table 
for eating from ; an engraved piece 
of metal ; household articles of gold 
or silver ; a prize given at a race : 
v.t. to coat with a more valuable 
metal ; to beat into laminae or thin 
plates. 

plateau (pla-to'), «• [pl- plateaux 
(-toz')], elevated broad flat land; 
table-land ; a large ornamental cen- 
ter-dish. 

plate-glass (plat'glas), ii. a fine 
kind of glass cast in thick plates : 
used for mirrors, &c. 

plate-mark, same as hall-mark. 

platen (plat'en), n. the flat part of a 
printing-press by which the impres- 
sion is made. 

platform ('fdrm), n. a flat floor of 
wood, stone, &c., raised above the 
level of the ground ; the place where 
guns are mounted on a fortress or 
battery ; political program or policy, 
of which each item is called a 
plank. 

platina, another form of platinum. 

plating (pla'ting), n. the art of over- 
laying or covering anything with a 
metallic plate. 

platinize ('i-niz), v.t. to coat with 
platinum. 

platinoids ('in-oldz) , ■ n.pl. metals 
found associated with platinum. 

platinous (-us), adj. containing plat- 
inum. 

platinum (-in-um), n. a greyish- 
white metal very hard and ductile, 
the heaviest of the known metals. 
Also platina. 

platitude ('i-tud), n. insipidity; 
dulness ; a weak, empty, trite re' 
mark. 

Platonic (pla-ton'ik), adj. pertaining 
to Plato, the ancient Greek philoso- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boorii 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then^ 



pla 



611 



pie 



pher, or to his philosophy, &c., or 
school ; pure and untainted with car- 
nal desires. 

platoon (-toon'), n. two files of sol- 
diers forming a subdivision. 

platter (plat'er), n. a large flat dish. 

platy, a prefix meaning troad or fiat, 
as platypus, the ornithorhyncus, 
from its fiat, duck-like bill. 

platyrhine ( 'i-rin ) , adj. broad-nosed : 
noting American monkeys, thus 
characterized. 

plaudit (plaw'dit), n. applause. 

plauditory ('di-to-ri), adj. applaud- 
ing. 

plausibility (-zi-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being plausible ; spe- 
ciousness. Also plausibleness. 

plausible ( 'zi-bl ) , adj. specious ; 
superficially pleasing. 

plausibly (-bli), adv. in a plausible 
manner. 

play (pla), n. any exercise or occupa- 
tion for amusement ; exertion of 
powers; diversion; pastime; drama, 
tragedy, or comedy ; gaming ; scope ; 
practice ; manner of dealing ; style i 
v.i. [p.t. & p.p. played, p.pr, play- 
ing], to engage in some exercise for 
amusement ; sport or frolic ; per- 
form upon, as a musical instrument ; 
personate a character ; gamble. 

playful (pla'fool), adj. sportive; live- 
ly. 

playfully (-li), adv. in a playful 
manner. 

playfulness (-nes), n. playful state 
or disposition. 

plaza (pla'za), n. an open square or 
market place. 

plea (pie), n. an excuse or apology; 
the defendant's answer to the plain- 
tiff's declaration in a lawsuit ; ur- 
gent entreaty. 

plead (pled), v.i. to argue or rea- 
son in support of a cause against 
another ; argue before a court of 
law ; supplicate earnestly : v.t. dis- 
cuss or defend by arguments ; offer 
as an excuse. 

pleadings ('ingz), n.pl. the written 
statements of the two parties in a 
lawsuit. 

pleasant (plez'ant), n. grateful to 
the mind or senses ; delightful ; 
agreeable ; cheerful ; facetious. 



pleasantry (-ri), n. merriment; 
lively talk ; gaiety ; a laughable trick 
or joke. 

please (plez), v.t. to gratify; give 
pleasure to ; gain approbation from : 
v.i. to afford pleasure or gratifica- 
tion ; like or choose. 

pleased ('d), p. adj. gratified. 

pleasing ('ing), p. adj. affording 
pleasure ; agreeable. 

pleasurable ( plezh'u-ra-bl ) , a d j» 
gratifying ; delightful. 

pleasurably (-bli), adv. in a pleas- 
urable manner. 

pleasure ('tir), n. gratification; 
agreeable emotions, mental or physi- 
cal ; transient enjoyment ; sensual 
gratification. 

pleat, another form of plait. 

plebeian (ple-be'an), adj. pertaining 
to the Plebs or Roman commonalty ; 
pertaining to the common people; 
hence common or vulgar : n. one of 
the common people. 

plebeianism (-izm), n. vulgarity. 

plebiscite (pleb'i-sit), n. a vote 
taken of the entire male community 
by universal suffrage on some special 
matter submitted ; the decree founded 
on such a vote. 

pledge (plej), n. anything placed as 
a security or guarantee ; pawn ; 
hostage ; a health in drinking : v.t. 
to give as security or guarantee j 
deposit in pawn ; drink to the health 
of. 

pledget ('et), n. a flat piece of lint 
placed over a wound. 

Pleiades (pli'a-dez), n.pl. the cluster 
of 7 stars in the constellation Tau- 
rus ; from the 7 daughters of Atlas 
and Pleione, changed after death 
into stars. 

plenary (ple'na-ri), adj. full; com- 
plete. 

plenipotentiary ( plen - i - po - ten*'shi- 
a-ri), adj. having full power: n. an 
ambassador to a foreign court in- 
vested with full powers. 

plenist (ple'nist), n. one who holds 
the theory that all space is filled 
with matter. 

plenitude (plen'i-ttid), n. fulness. 

plenteous ('te-us), adj. abundant t 
amply suflScient. 



I 



ate, arm, &sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon^ 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



pie 



612 



pin 



plentiful ('ti-fool), adj. yielding 
abundance ; copious. 

plentifully (-li), adv. abundantly. 

plenty ('ti), n. abundance. 

pleonasm (ple'o-nazm), n. use of 
more words than necessary in speak- 
ing or writing. 

pleonastic (-nas'tik), adj. redun- 
dant. 

pleonastically (-al-li), adv. redun- 
dantly. 

plet (plet), n. a kind of birch-rod, 
used in Russian prisons. 

plethora (pleth'6-ra), n. excessive 
fulness of blood ; overabundance. 

plethoric (ple-thor'ik), adj. having 
excess of blood. 

pleura (ploo'ra), n. Ipl. pleurae 
('re)], a delicate serous membrane 
covering the interior of the thorax 
and each lung. 

pleural ('ral), adj. pertaining to the 
pleura. 

pleurisy ('ri-si), n. inflammation of 
the pleura. 

pleuritic (-rit'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or affected with, pleurisy. Also 
pleuritical. 

pleuro, a prefix meaning rih or side, 
as pleurodynia, rheumatism of the 
chest walls. 

pleur o-pneumonia ( ploo-ro-nu-mo'- 
ni-a), n. inflammation of the pleura 
and lungs. 

plevin (plev'in), n. a warrant. 

plexus (plek'sus), n. a network of 
veins, nerves, &c. 

pliability (pli-a-biri-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being pliable. Also 
pliableness. 

pliable ('a-bl), adj. easily bent; flex- 
ible ; easy to be persuaded. 

pliably ('a-bli), adv. in a pliable 
manner. 

pliancy ('an-si), n. pliant quality. 

pliant ('ant), adj. flexible; easily 
bent ; yielding to moral suasion. 

plicate ('kat), adj. plaited; folded 
in the form of a fan. Also plicated. 

pliers C'erz), n. a kind of small 
pinchers for seizing and bending, 
especially small articles. 

plight (plit), n. a dangerous or dis- 
tressed condition ; predicament ; 
pledge; promise: v.t. to pledge, as 
one's faith. 



plinth (plinth), n. the lowest square* 
shaped part of the base of a column, 
pedestal, &c. ; the projecting face at 
the bottom of a wall. 

plod (plod), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. plodded, 
p.pr. plodding], to travel laborious- 
ly ; drudge or toil ; study closely. 

plot (plot), n. a complicated scheme, 
conspiracy, or plan ; intrigue ; chain 
of incidents in a play, novel, &c., 
gradually developed : v.t. \p.t. & p.p. 
plotted, p.pr. plotting], to devise; 
make a plan of : v.i. to conspire ; 
form a plan against another. 

plover (pluv'er), n. a wading bird of 
various species. 

plow, plough (plou), n. an agricul- 
tural implement for turning up the 
soil ; a grooving-plane : v.t. to turn 
up with a plow ; furrow. 

plowshare, ploughshare ('shar), 
n. the iron part of a plow that cuts 
the soil. 

pluck (pluk), v.t. to pull off, out, or 
up ; snatch ; pick or gather ; reject 
as a candidate in an examination : 
n. a pull ; the heart, liver and lungs 
of an animal ; courage. 

pluckily ('i-li), adv. courageously. 

plucky ('i), adj. [comp. pluckier, 
superl. pluckiest], having courage 
or pluck. 

plug (plug), 11. a piece of wood, &c., 
used for stopping a hole : v.t. [p.t, 
& p.p. plugged, p.pr. plugging], to 
stop with a plug. 

plum (plum) J n. a tree, Prunus do- 
mestica, or its well-known fruit ; a 
raisin ; £100,000 : hence a large for- 
tune. 

plumage (pltim'aj), n. a bird's feath- 
ers. 

plumb (plum), n. a heavy body, usu- 
ally of lead, suspended at the ex- 
tremity of a line to indicate the per- 
pendicularity of work done, as a 
wall, &c. : adj. perpendicular : adv. 
perpendicularly : v.t. to adjust by a 
plumb-line ; make perpendicular ; 
sound (the depth of water) by a 
plummet. 

plumbago (-ba'go), n. a mineral of 
carbon and iron, used for lead pen- 
cils ; a form of carbon. 

plumber ('er), n. one who is en- 
gaged in the business of plumbing. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



plu 



613 



pod 



plumbing ('ing), n. the art or occu- 
pation of putting into buildings the 
pipes, traps, &c., for the conveyance 
of water, gas, and sewage. 

plumb-line ('lin), n. a line attached 
to a mass of lead to indicate the per- 
pendicular ; perpendicular line. 

plume (ploom), n. a feather ; a feath- 
er worn as an ornament ; crest : v:t. 
to pick and adjust the feathers of; 
adorn with plumes ; boast ; pride 
(used reflexively). 

plummet (plum'et), n. a leaden 
weight attached to a string used for 
sounding depths, &c. 

plump (plump), adj. round and sleek 
with fulness of flesh ; in good condi- 
tion ; downright ; unqualified : adv. 
with a sudden or heavy fall : v.i. to 
grow plump ; fall or sink down ; to 
vote for a single candidate when one 
has the right to vote for two or 
more : v.t. to make plump ; fatten. 

plumy (ploo'mi), adj. feathered. 

plunder (plun'der), n. booty; pil- 
lage: v.t. to take by open force; 
spoil ; rob. 

plunderage (-aj), n. the embezzle- 
ment of goods on board ship. 

plunge (plunj), v.t. to put suddenly 
Into water or any other liquid ; im^ 
merse ; baptize by immersion : v.i. to 
sink, fall, or rush, as into water ; 
dive ; throw the body forward and 
the legs up, as a horse ; bet heavily 
and thoughtlessly : n. the act of 
plunging ; sudden fall. 

plunger ('er), n. one who plunges ; a 
diver ; the long solid cylinder or pis- 
ton of a pump ; one who bets heavily 
and thoughtlessly. 

pluperfect (ploo'per-fekt), adj. not- 
ing an event or action occurring 
prior to some other event or action. 

plural ('ral), adj. consisting of more 
than one : n. that form of a word 
that expresses more than one. 

plurality (ploo-ral'i-ti), n. the ma- 
jority ; the greatest of three or more 
numbers ; the excess of votes cast 
for any one candidate over the can- 
didate who receives the next largest 
number of votes at an election where 
there are three or more candidates 
for the same office. 

pluralize (-Tz), v.t. to make plural. 



plus (plus), n. the sign ( + ) used to 
denote addition: adj. more (by a 
certain amount) ; increased (by a 
specified addition) ; above zero. 

plusb. (plush), n. a kind of shaggy 
cloth with a pile ; woolen velvet. 

plutocracy (ploo-tok'ra-si), n. rule 
or government by the rich. 

plutocrat (ploo'to-krat), n. one who 
exercises political power or influence 
by virtue of his wealth. 

Plutonian (-to'ni-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to Pluto, the god of the lower 
world, or to the lower regions of 
fire ; igneous. Also Plutonic. 

Plutonic rocks (roks), n.pl. igneous 
rocks. 

pluvial (Vi-al), adj. rainy. 

ply (pli), v.t. Ip.t. & p.p. plied, p.pr. 
plying], to work on closely; prac- 
tice diligently or earnestly ; urge or 
solicit : v.i. to run regulai-ly between 
two ports ; work against the wind. 

pneumatic (nu-mat'ik), adj. pertain* 
ing to, consisting of, containing, like,, 
or moved by, air. Also pneumatical. 

pneumatically (-al-li), adv. by air. 

pneumatics ('iks), n.2Jl. the science 
that treats of the mechanical proper^ 
ties of air and similar elastic fluids* 

pneumatology (-ma-tol'o-ji), n». 
pneumatics ; the science of mind or 
spiritual existences or essences and 
their operation. 

pneumo, a prefix meaning lung. 

pneumonia (-mo'ni-a), n. acute in-^ 
flammation of the lungs. 

pneumonic (-mon'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to the lungs. 

poach, (poch), v.i. to trespass upon 
preserves to shoot or steal game ; 
v.t. to steal game from ; plunder by 
stealth; cook (eggs) by breaking 
them into boiling water. 

poacliy ('i), adj. swampy; marshy. 

pochard ('ard), n. the sea-duck. 

pock (pok), n. a pustule on the skin 
containing eruptive matter. 

pocket ('et), n. a small bag inserted 
in a garment for carrying small ar- 
ticles ; a small netted bag in a bil- 
liard table for the reception of the 
balls ; a small quantity. 

pod (pod), n. the pericarp or the cov- 
ering of the seed of certain plants, 
as the pea, &c. : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 



I 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



pod 



614 



pol 



podded, p.pr. podding], to swell or 
fill, as a pod ; produce pods. 

podge (poj), n. a puddle. 

podgy ('i), adj. short and fat. 

podium (p6'di-um), n. a low wall, 
usually with a plinth and cornice, in 
the front of an edifice to support 
pillars ; that part of an amphithea- 
ter which projects over the arena ; a 
balcony. 

.tmdocarp (pod'o-karp), n. the stem 
which supportsthe fruit of a plant. 

podophyllin' (-o-firin), n. a purga- 
tive resin obtained from the root of 
the May-apple. 

;poe (po'e), n. a food made from the 
roots of the taro plant by the natives 
of Hawaii. 

;poe bird (berd), n. the parson bird 
of New Zealand, with a plumage of 
a dark m,etallic hue. 

poem ('em), n. a metrical or poetical 
composition ; a poetic conception. 

poesy ('e-si), n, the art of composing 
poems. 

poet ('et), n. the author of a poem; 
one gifted in writing poetry ; one 
who is strongly imaginative. Fem- 
inine poetess. 

poet laureate (law're-at), n. a court 
poet. 

poetic (-et'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
suitable to, or expressed in, poetry ; 
sublime. Also poetical. 

poetically (-al-li), adv. in a poetic 
manner. 

poetry ('et-ri), n. a metrical compo- 
sition produced or embellished by 
creative imagination ; utterance in 
song ; poems collectively. 

poi, same as poe. 

poignancy ('nun-si), n. the state or 
quality of being poignant. 

poignant ('nant), adj. stimulating to 
the palate ; irritating ; very painful. 

poinsettia (-set'i-a), n. a Mexican 
plant with handsome flowers. 

point (point), n. the sharp end of 
any instrument ; mark or dot ; indi- 
visible part ; mark in punctuation ; 
that which has position but no mag- 
nitude ; a spot ; exact place ; critical 
moment ; expression or force ; sting 
of an epigram ; aim ; act of aiming ; 
small cape or promontory ; lace 
wrought with the needle ; railway 



switch ; unit of measurement for 
type-bodies = .0138 inch, or one- 
twelfth of a pica : v.t. to sharpen ; 
give a point to ; direct or aim ; mark 
with points; fill the joints of (ma- 
sonry) with mortar and smooth 
them with a trowel : v.i. to indicate ; 
show clearly. 

point-blank ('blangk), adj. horizon- 
tal ; straight forward to the mark ; 
direct. 

pointed ('ed), p.adj. sharpened; hav- 
ing a sharp point ; direct ; telling ; 
personal ; epigrammatic ; Gothic. 

pointer ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, points ; a variety of dog 
trained to point game. 

pointing ('ing), n. punctuation; the 
act or operation of filling in the 
crevices of masonry with mortar. 

poise (poiz), n. weight; balance; 
equilibrium : v.t. to balance ; weigh ; 
ascertain or examine : v.i. to be in a 
state of equilibrium. 

poison (poi'zn), n. anything noxious 
or destructive to life, health, or mo- 
rality ; venom : v.t. to infect with, 
or kill by, poison ; administer poison 
to ; corrupt. 

poisonous (-us), adj. having the 
qualities of poison ; deadly ; injuri- 
ous to health. 

poke (pok), n. a thrust or push; a 
bag or sack : v.t. to thrust or push 
against, especially with something 
pointed ; thrust at with the horns : 
v.i. to grope or feel about in the 
dark ; search. 

poker ('er), n. a metal bar for stir- 
ring fires ; a card game. 

poking ('ing), adj. servile; drudging. 

poky (po'ki), adj. lacking spirit or 
interest ; slow ; stupid. 

polar ('lar), adj. pertaining to, or sit- 
uated near, either of the poles, espe- 
cially the North Pole ; pertaining to 
the magnetic poles. 

polariscope (-lar'i-skop), n. an in- 
strument for exhibiting polarized 
light. 

polarity ('i-ti), n. the property pos- 
sessed by certain bodies, as in elec- 
trified or magnetized bodies, by 
which they arrange themselves in 
certain directions or tend to given 
poles. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; booDi 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 




Copyright, Underwood & Underwood. 

POLO. 

International Polo Teams in game played at Meadowbrook, L. I., June 10th 

and 14th, 1913. American team won. English team at top. 

American team at bottom. 



I 



pol 



615 



pol 



polarization (-i-za'shun) , n. the act 
of polarizing; the state of being po- 
larized, 

polarize (-iz), v.t. to communicate 
polarity to. 

pole (pol), n. a long staff; a measure 
= 5l^ yards ; a square measure = 
30% yards ; a measuring instru- 
ment ; one of the extremities of the 
imaginary axis of the earth ; one of 
the two points in a magnet in which 
the attractive or repellent force is 
concentrated ; that on which any- 
thing revolves ; the extreme opposite. 

polecat ('kat), n. a small carnivo- 
rous animal which emits a strong of- 
fensive, odor, 

polemic (po-lem'ik), n. a controver- 
sialist : pi. the art of controversy ; 
controversial writings, especially 
those on religious subjects. 

polemical ('i-kal), ac^;. controversial. 

polemically (-li), adv. controver- 
sially. 

pole-star (pol'star), n. the north 
star (Polaris) situated in Ursa Mi- 
nor, within 1^ degrees of the true 
pole ; a guide. 

police (po-les'), n. in a city, town, or 
district, an organized force of civil 
ofl&cers for preserving order. 

policeman ('man), n. a member of a 
police force. 

policy (pol'i-si), n. [pi. policies 
(-siz) ], the art or method of govern- 
ment ; management of public affairs ; 
system of regulative measures ; sa- 
gacity in management ; course of 
conduct ; prudence ; cunning ; a doc- 
ument given to insurers containing 
a contract of insurance ; a warrant 
for money in the public funds ; a 
gambling game. 

polish ('ish), v.t. to make smooth or 
glossy by friction ; rnake polite or 
refined : v.i. to become polished : n. a 
smooth, glossy surface ; a prepara- 
tion for imparting a polish ; refine- 
ment or elegance of manners. 

Polish (po'lish), adj, pertaining to 
Poland, its language, or to its in- 
habitants. 

polite (-lit'), adj. well-bred; refined 
in manner ; courteous or obliging. 

politeness ('nes), n. good-breading; 
courtesy. 



politely ('li), adv. in a polite man- 
ner. 

politesse (pol-i-tes'), n. over-acted 
politeness. 

politic ('i-tik), adj. shrewd; spe- 
cious ; sagacious : especially in pol- 
icy ; adapted to promote the welfare 
of the state : n.pl. the art of govern- 
ment or the administration of public 
affairs ; political opinions ; party 
management or control. 

political (po-lit'i-kal), adj. pertain- 
ing to politics, or to a nation or 
state ; derived from government. 

politically (-li), adv. in a political 
manner. 

political economy (e-kon'o-mi), n. 
the science that treats of wealth, its 
nature, production, distribution, and 
consumption, and the laws which 
regulate and govern these. 

politician ('i-tish-un), n. one who is 
skilled in politics ; a statesman. 

politics, see under politic. 

polity ('i-ti), n. the form or constitu- 
tion of the civil government of a 
state; constitution. 

polka (pol'ka), n. a dance of Bohe- 
mian origin, performed by two per- 
sons ; mu«ic suitable for such a 
dance. 

poll (pol), n. the head, especially the 
back part of it ; a register of per- 
sons, especially those entitled to vote 
at elections ; an election ; number of 
votes recorded at an election ; place 
where votes are cast : v.t. to^ lop ; 
clip or shear ; enroll in a register ; 
bring to the poll, as a voter ; to cast 
or deposit in a ballot box ; to poll a 
jury is to examine each member in- 
dividually as to his concurrence in 
the verdict. 

pollack (pol'ak), n. a species of cod- 
fish. 

pollard Card), n. a tree lopped or 
polled; a stag that has cast its 
horns ; a mixture of bran and meal ; 
the chub-fish. 

pollen ('en), n. the fertilizing pow- 
der in the cells of the anthers of 
flowers. 

pollination (-i-na'shun), n. the con- 
veyance of pollen from the anther to 
the stigma of a flower. 

pollock, same as pollack. 



ate, arm, S^k, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



pol 



616 



poll 



poll-tax (pol'taks), n. a capitation 
tax. 

pollute (pol-ltit'), v.t. to defile; ren- 
der unclean ; taint with guilt ; cor- 
rupt ; violate. 

pollution (-lu'shun), n. the act of 
polluting ; the state of being pol- 
luted ; defilement ; legal or ceremo- 
nial uncleanness. 

polo (po'lo), n. a game similar to 
hockey, played on horseback. 

polonaise (po-lo-naz'), n. a dress, 
body and skirt made in one; a Po- 
lish air or dance. 

polonium (po-lo'ni-um), a radio- 
active element. 

poltroon (pol-troon'), n. a coward. 

poly, a prefix meaning many, much. 

polyandry (pol-i-an'dri), w. the prac- 
tice of a woman having more than 
one husband at the same time : op- 
posed to polygamy. 

polyanthus (-an'thus), n. sl hand- 
some flower ; a cultivated variety of 
the oxlip primrose. 

polychromatic (-kro-mat'ik), adj. 
exhibiting a play of colors. 

polychrome ('i-krom), adj. having 
many colors : n. a work executed in 
many colors. 

polygamist (po-lig'a-mist), n. one 
who practices or upholds polygamy. 

polygamous ('a-mus), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or practicing, polygamy. 

polygamy ('a-mi), n. the practice of 
having more than one wife at the 
same time. 

polyglot (pol'i-glot), adj. contain- 
ing many languages : n. a book, ' es- 
pecially an edition of the Bible, in 
several languages. 

polygon ('i-gon), n. a figure having 
many angles. 

polygraph ('i-graf), n. a manifold 
writer. 

polyhedral (-he'dral), adj. having 
many sides or faces. Also polyhe- 
drous, polyhedric. 

polyhedron ('dron), n. a solid hav- 
ing many sides or faces ; a polyscope. 

polyp ('ip), n. an extensive group of 
radiated animals including the hydra, 
sea-anemone, &c. Also polype, poly- 
pus. 

polypus ('pus), n. [pi. polypi (-pi)], 



a fleshy tumor in the nose or uterus *, 
a polype. 

polyscope ('skop), n. a multiplying 
lens. 

polystyle ('stil), n. a building with 
many columns, 

polysyllabic (-sil-ab'ik), adj. per- 
taining to, or consisting of, three or 
more sj'-llables. Also- polysyllabical. 

polysyllable ('a-bl), n. a word con- 
sisting of three or more syH,ables. 

polytechnic (-tek'nik), adj. noting, 
including, or giving instruction in, 
the arts and sciences : n. a school for 
imparting instruction in the arts 
and sciences. 

polytheism ('i-the-izm), -n. the doc- 
trine of a plurality of gods, each 
taking a part in the government of 
the world. 

polytheist ('ist), n. a believer in 
polytheism. 

polytheistic (-is'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or consisting in, polytheism. 

poly type (-tip), n. a facsimile in 
metal of an engraving on wood, &c. 

pomade (po-mad'), n. a perfumed 
ointment for dressing the hair. Also 
pomatum. 

pomegranate (pom'gran-at), n. a 
tree (Punica Granatum) yielding an 
orange-like, edible fruit with a thick 
rind and numerous seeds. 

pommel (pum'el), n. the knob on a 
sword-hilt ; the high part of a saddle- 
bow : v.t. to beat with anything 
thick or bulky ; bruise. 

pommeling (-ing), n. sl beating. 

pomology (po-mol'o-ji), n. the sci- 
ence of cultivating fruit and fruit- 
trees, especially apples ; a treatise 
on fruits. 

pomp (pomp), n. ostentatious dis- 
play ; grandetir ; parade. 

pompon (pom'pon), n. a tufted orna- 
ment ; a variety of chrysanthemum. 

pomposity (-pos'i-ti), n. the state of 
being pompous. Also pompousness. 

pompous (pom'pus), adj. stately; 
grand ; self-important ; ostentatious. 

poncho (pon'cho), n. a sort of cloak 
or loose woolen garment worn in 
Spanish America. 

pond (pond), n. a pool of standing 
water. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut: think, then. 



pon 



617 



pop 



ponder (pon-der), v.t. to weigh men- 
tally : v.i. to deliberate. 

ponderability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state of being ponderable. Also 
ponderableness. 

ponderable ('der-a-bl), adj. capable 
of being weighed. 

ponderosity (-os'i-ti), n. weight. 

ponderous ('der-us) , adj. very heavy ', 
weighty ; important ; dull. 

pone (pon), n. bread made of maize- 
meal, milk, &c. 

pongee (pon-je'), n. an inferior kind 
of silk. 

poniard (pon'yard), n. a small dag- 
ger : v.t. to stab with a poniard. 

pontiff ('tif), n. a high priest; the 
Pope. 

pontifical ('i-kal), adj. pertaining to 
a pontiff, high priest, or pope ; pa- 
pal : n. a book containing ecclesiasti- 
cal rites and ceremonies : jjI. the full 
dress worn by an officiating priest or 
bishop. 

pontifically (-li), adv. in a pontifi- 
cal manner. 

pontificate ('i-kat), n. the office or 
dignity of a high priest or pope ; the 
reign of a pope. 

pontoon (pon-toon'), n. a buoyant, 
flat-bottomed structure supporting a 
floating military bridge ; a bridge of 
boats ; a lighter. 

pony (po'ni), n. [pi. ponies ('niz)], 
a small horse ; a very small glass of 
beer or liquor ; student's key to 
translation of Latin or Greek les- 
sons ; often used adjectively to de- 
note something small of its kind, as 
a pony engine. 

pool (pool) , n. a small body of water ; 
a variety of play at billiards ; the 
stakes in certain games or the re- 
ceptacle for them : v.t. to unite or 
aggregate together, as in mercantile 
risks, railway traffic, &c. 

poop (poop), n. the stern of a ship; 
the raised deck in the stern of a ves- 
sel : v.t. to strike the stern of ; break 
heavily over the stern of : said of 
waves. 

pooped (poopt), p.adj. having a 
poop ; struck on the poop by a heavy 
sea. 

pooping (poop'ing), n. a breaking of 
a heavy sea over the taffrail of the 



poop ; the action of a vessel running 
her stern against the stern of an- 
other. 

poor (po5r), adj. necessitous; having 
little or no means ; destitute of rich- 
es ; without strength, beauty, or dig- 
nity ; dejected ; spiritless ; insignifi- 
cant ; humble ; lean ; without fer- 
tilty ; an expression of tenderness, 
compassion, or disdain. 

poorly ('li), adv. without adequate 
means ; with scant success : adj. 
somewhat ill ; delicate in health. 

pop (pop), n. a short, smart, quick 
sound : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. popped, p.pr. 
■ popping], to thrust suddenly ; pawn : 
v.i. to make a short, smart, quick 
sound ; move quickly ; dart ; come 
suddenly into view : adv. suddenly. 

pop-corn ('korn), n. any variety of 
Indian corn or maize having small 
ears and small, hard grains. The 
grains "pop" and expand when ex- 
posed to heat of a fire. 

pope (pop), n. the bishop of Rome 
and head of the Roman Catholic 
Church ; a title of priests of the 
Greek Church ; a variety of perch. 

popedom ('dum), n. the office, dig- 
nity, or jurisdiction of the Pope. 

popinjay ('in-ja), n. a parrot; fop. 

poplar (pop'lar), n. a tree of rapid 
growth, with a white soft wood. 

poplin ('lin), n. a fabric of silk and 
worsted. 

poppet ('et), n. one of the timbers 
that support a ship in launching; a 
term of endearment. 

poppy ('i), n. any plant of the genus 
Papaver, with bright showy flowers ; 
from one species (Papaver somnif- 
erum) opium is obtained. 

populace ('ti-las), n. the common 
people. 

popular ('ii-lar), adj. pertaining to, 
suitable for, or pleasing to, the com- 
mon people ; easily understood ; ple- 
beian. 

popularity (-lar'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being popular; general 
esteem. 

popularize (-iz), v.t. to render pop- 
ular. 

populate ('ti-lat) , v.t. to furnish with 
inhabitantSo 

population (la'shun), n. the inhab- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



pop 



618 



por 



itants of a country, place, town, &c., 
collectively. 

Populist (-list), n. a member of a 
political party in the United States 
known as the Populist or People's 
party. 

populous C'u-lus), adj. thickly peo- 
pled. 

porcelain (pors'lan or pors'lan), n. 
a fine white, thin, semi-transparent 
kind of earthenware : adj. pertaining 
to, or made of, porcelain. 

porch (porch), n. a vestibule sup- 
ported by pillars ; portico. 

porcine (por 'sin), adj. pertaining to 
swine. 

porcupine ('ku-pln), n. a rodent cov- 
ered with spines, of the genus Hys- 
trix. 

pore (por), n. a minute hole in the 
skin through which perspiration 
passes to the surface ; an opening 
between the molecules of a body : v.i. 
to look with close and steady atten- 
tion, as on a book. 

porgee (por'je), n. a coarse kind of 
silk. 

porgy Cji), n. a marine fish much 
esteemed for food. 

pork (pork), n. the flesh of swine 
either fresh or salted. 

porker ('er), n. a pig. 

porkling ('ling), n. a young pig. 

porosity (p6r-os'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being porous. Also por- 
ousness. 

porous ('us), adj. having pores. 

porpkyritic (p6r-fi-rit'ik), adj. hav- 
ing the appearance, or texture of, 
porphyry. 

porphyry ('fi-ri), n. originally a red- 
dish igneous rock found in Egypt, 
with enclosed crystals of feldspar ; 
now applied to any rock having a 
feldspathic base with feldspar crys- 
tals. 

porpkyry-skell (-shel), n. a uni- 
valve shell of the genus Murex, 
yielding a purple dye. 

porpoise (por'pus), n. a cetaceous 
mammal of the genus Phocsena ; the 
sea-hog. 

porridge (por'ij), n. oatmeal boiled 
slowly in water until it thickens. 

porringer ('in-jer), w. a small dish 
for porridge, &c. 



port (port), n. a harbor; harem; de- 
portment or carriage ; the left side 
of a ship ; porthole ; gate ; a dark 
colored Portuguese wine : v.t. to turn 
to the port of left side of a ship : as, 
to po7't the helm. 

portability (-a-bil'i-ti), n, the sta.te 
of being portable. Also portable- 
ness. 

portable ('a-bl), adj. that may be 
easily carried by hand or about the 
person. 

portage ('aj), n. carriage; cost of 
carriage ; a break in a chain of water 
communication over which goods, 
boats, &c., have to be carried. 

portal ('al), n. a gate or entrance; 
an arch over a gateway or door. 

portcullis (-kul'is), n. a strong har- 
row-shaped grating hung over the 
doorway of a fortified place and ca- 
pable of being let down to defend 
the gate. 

Porte (port), n. the Turkish govern- 
ment and court : so called from the 
gate of the Sultan's palace where 
justice was administered. 

portemonnaie ('mon-a). n. a purse 
[French]. 

portend (por-tend'), v.t. to indicate 
in advance ; presage ; forebode. 

portent ('tent), w. an omen, especial- 
ly of ill. 

portentous ('ns), adj. ominous; 
foreshadowing evil'; wondrous. 

porter (por'ter), n. a door- or gate- 
keeper ; a dark-colored malt beer ; 
one who carries parcels, &c., for 
hire. Feminine porteress. 

porterage (-aj), n. money charged 
for carriage by a porter. 

portfire (port'fir), n. a paper tube 
filled with powder, &c., formerly used 
for firing guns. 

portfolio (-fo'li-o), n. a portable^ 
case for loose papers, drawings, &c. , ' 
the office and functions of a minister 
of state. 

porthole ('hoi), n. a window-shaped 
hole in the side of a ship, especially 
of a man-of-war. 

portico (por'ti-ko), n. [pi. porticos 
(-koz)], a walk covered by a roof 
supported on columns ; a columned 
porch. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; b6on» 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



por 



619 



pos 



portiere (-tiar'), n. a door-curtain 
[French]. 

portion ('shun), n. a piece or part; 
allotment ; dividend ; final state ; 
dowry ; part of an estate descending 
to an heir : v.t. to divide ; allot ; en- 
dow with a fortune. 

portliness ('li-nes), n. the state of 
being portly, 

.portly ('li), adj. stately of mien ; cor- 
l pulent. 

'portmanteau (-man'to) , n. [pi. port- 
manteaux ('toz)], a bag or trunk 
for carrying clothes or traveling ne- 
cessities. 

portoise (por'tiz), n. a ship's gun- 
wale. 

portrait ('trat), n. a picture or rep- 
resentation of an individual or face 
drawn from life ; a vivid graphic de- 
scription in words. 

portraiture Ctra-ttir), n. the art or 
practice of drawing or painting por- 
traits ; vivid delineation in words. 

portray (-tra'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. por- 
trayed, p.pr. portraying], to paint 
or draw the likeness of ; describe in 
words. 

portrayal ('al), n. description. 

Portuguese (por-tu-gez'), adj. per- 
taining to Portugal, its inhabitants, 
or language. 

pose (poz), n. attitude or position: 
v.i. to assume an attitude : v.t. to 
puzzle or perplex ; cause to be at a 
loss. 

poser (poz'er), n. a puzzling ques- 
tion ; one who, or that which, poses 
or puzzles. 

position (p6-zish'un), n. the state of 
being set or placed ; situation ; atti- 
tude ; principle laid down ; office ; so- 
cial status. 

positive (poz'i-tiv), adj. clearly ex- 
pressed ; actual ; direct ; explicit ; 
overconfident ; dogmatical ; settled 
by arbitrary appointment ; having 
power to act directly ; noting the 
simple form of an adjective (posi- 
tive degree) ; affected by the sign + 
(positive quantity) : n. that which 
may be affirmed ; reality ; a word 
which affirms or asserts existence ; a 
photograph with the natural lights 
and shades restored. 



positively (-li), adv. absolutely; ex- 
pressly. 

positiveness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being positive. 

positivism ('i-tiv-izm)_, n. a French 
philosophical and religious system 
originated by Auguste Comte (1798- 
1857), called also Comtism, and the 
Religion of Humanity. 

positivist (-ist), n. an adherent of 
positivism. 

posse (pos'e), n. an improvised force 
of men. 

posse comitatus (kom-i-ta'tus), the 
force of citizens which the sheriff of 
a county is empowered to raise to 
quell a riot, &c. 

possess (p6-zes'), v.t. to have as an 
owner ; be master of ; occupy ; seize. 

possessed (-zest'), p. adj. owned; 
mad. 

possession (-zesh'un), n. the having, 
holding, or detention of property ; 
the thing possessed ; property or es- 
tate. 

possessive (zes'iv), adj. noting pos- 
session. 

possessor ('er), n. owner; one who 
possesses, 

possessory ('o-ri), adj. pertaining to 
posession. 

posset (pos'et), n. milk curdled with 
wine, &c. 

possibility (-i-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
of being possible ; contingency. 

possible ('i-bl), adj. that may hap- 
pen or exist. 

possibly ('i-bli), adv. by possibility; 
perhaps. 

possum, same as opossum. 

post (post), n. a piece of timber, &c., 
set erect, usually to support some- 
thing else; a messenger or postman » 
established system of conveying and 
delivering letters ; the mail ; a post- 
office : a relay of horses ; situation 
or office ; a size of paper double that 
of common note-paper ; military sta- 
tion : v.t. set or station ; transmit 
by post ; carry to the ledger ; inform 
fully : v.i. to travel with speed or a 
relay of horses : adv. speedily ; with 
despatch, 

post, a prefix meaning after, as post- 
date. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



pos 



620 



pot 



postage ('aj), the fee for the convey- 
ance of letters by post. 

postal ('al), adj. pertaining to the 
postoffice or mail service. 

postdiluvial (-di-lti'vi-al), adj. tak- 
ing place after the deluge. 

poster ('er), n. a large advertising 
bill. ^ 

posterior (pos-te'ri-er), adj. subse- 
quent in time or place ; hinder : n.pl. 
the hinder parts of an animal. 

posterity (-ter'i-ti), n. \_pl. posteri- 
ties (-tiz)], succeeding generations; 
descendants. 

postern (pos'tern), n. a small gate 
or door ; private entrance ; vaulted 
passage beneath the parapet and 
through the rampart of a fortifica- 
tio : adj. behind ; private. 

post facto (post fak'to), done after 
the act ; retrospective. 

post:^x ('fiks), v.t. to aflSx. 

posthumous (post'u-mus), adj. born 
after the death of the father ; pub- 
lished after the death of an author. 

postilion (pos-til'yun), n. the rider 
on the near leader in a carriage. 

pcrstmaster (post'mas-ter), n. the su- 
perintendent of a postoffice ; one who 
supplies post-horses. 

postmaster-general (jen'er-al), n. 
the chief officer of the postoffice de- 
partment. 

post-meridian (-me-rid'i-an), adj. 
after noon. 

postpone (pon'), v.t. to delay; defer. 

postponement ('ment), n. the act of 
deferring to a future time; tempo- 
rary delay. 

postscript ('skript), n. a paragraph 
added to a letter after the writer's 
signature ; appendix to a book. 

postulate (pos'tti-lat), v.t. to assume 
without proof ; ^solicit : n. a self-evi- 
dent problem ; a position assumed as 
self-evident. 

posture Ctur), n. attitude; placing 
or position of parts of the body; 
state : vA. to place the body in par- 
ticular postures. 

posy (po'zi), n. a bunch of flowers, 
originally a motto or verse sent with 
a bouquet. 

pot (pot), w. a metal vessel for hold- 
ing or boiling liquids, &c. ; a mug for 
liquor ; a quart ; a vessel of earthen- 



ware, &c., for holding plants ; a size 
of paper 12% X 15 inches ; a large 
amount : v.t. \_p.t. & p.p. potted, p.pr. 
potting], to preserve, put into, or 
plant in pots ; shoot. 

potable (po'ta-bl), adj. drinkable. 

potance (po'tans), n. the stud in 
which the lower pivot of the verge of 
a watch is placed. 

potash (pot'ash), n. a powerful alka- 
li obtained from the ashes of certain 
plants. Also potass, potassa. 

potassium (po-tas'i-um), n. a monad 
element, the metallic base of potash. 

potation (po-ta'shun), n. drinking- 
bout; a draught or drink. 

potato (-ta'to), n. [pi. potatoes 
(-toz)], the edible tuber of a South 
American plant, widely cultivated ; 
the plant itself. 

potency ('ten-si), n. power, physical 
or mental. 

potent ('tent), adj. powerful; having 
great authority or influence. 

potentate ('ten-tat), n. one who pos- 
sesses great power ; sovereign or 
monarch. 

potential (-ten'shai), adj. existing in 
possibility, not in reality ; latent ; in 
grammar, expressing power, possi- 
bility, liberty, or obligation. 

potentiality (-shi-ai'i-ti), n. possi- 
bility without reality. 

potentially ('shal-li), adv. in a po- 
tential manner. 

pother (po^/fc'er), n. confusion; bus- 
tle : v.i. to make a stir : v.t. to con- 
fuse ; tease, 

pothouse (pot'hous), n. a low public- 
house. 

potion (po'shun), n. a draft; dose. 

pot-pourri ( po-p6o-re' ) , n. a med- 
ley, especially of musical airs ; a 
dish composed of various kinds of 
meats and vegetables. 

potsherd (pot'sherd), n. a fragment 
of a broken pot. 

pottage ('aj), n. a kind of soup. 

potter ('er), n. a maker of pottery. 

pottery ('er-i), n. [pi. potteries 
(-iz) ], earthenware of all kinds ; the 
place where it is manufactured. 

pottle (pot'l), n. a liquid measure = 
4 pints ; a small conical basket for 
holding fruit. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, *7ien. 



pot 



621 



pra 



pottoroo (-o-roo'), n. the kangaroo 
rat of Australia. Also potoroo. 

pouch (pouch), n. a small bag; 
pocket ; bag or sack of an animal ; 
cartridge-box ; protuberant stomach. 

poulp (poolp), n. the octopus. Also 
poulpe. 

poult (polt), n. a pullet; a young 
chicken, turkey, partridge, &c. 

poulterer (pol-ter-er), n. a dealer in 
poultry. 

poultice ('tis), n. a soft preparation 
of bread, meal, &c., applied to a sore 
or inflamed part of the body ; a cata- 
plasm : v.t. to apply a poultice to. 

poultry ('tri), n. domestic fowls. 

pounce (pouns), n. a fine powder for- 
merly used for drying ink on paper, 
now chiefly used for sprinkling into 
holes in paper in pattern-making ; 
the talon or claw of a bird of prey : 
v.t. to sprinkle with pounce : v.i. to 
fall upon and seize with, or as with, 
the claws. 

pound (pound), n. a standard weight 
= 16 ounces avoirdupois, or 12 
ounces troy ; a monetary unit = 20 
shillings, or about $4.86 ; an inclos- 
ure for confining stray cattle : v.t. to 
shut in or confine in a pound ; beat ; 
pulverize as in a mortar : v.i. to plod. 

poundage ('aj), n. an allowance of 
so much in the pound. 

pour (por), v.t. to empty, as a liquid, 
out of a vessel ; discharge in a con- 
tinuous stream ; send forth ; give 
vent to ; utter : v.i. to stream ; rush 
tumultuously. 

pourparler (poor-par'la), n. [pi. 
pourparlers ( 'laz) ] , a diplomatic 
consultation preliminary to a treaty. 

pout (pout), n. a poult; a thrusting 
out of the lips ; fit of sullenness ; n 
kind of codfish : v.i. to thrust out the 
lips in sullenness, contempt, or dis- 
pleasure ; look sulky. 

pouter C'er), n. one who pouts; a 
pigeon. 

poverty (pov'er-ti), n. the state of 
being poor ; indigence ; necessity ; 
penury ; deficiency or defect, as of 
words, &c. 

powan (pou'an), n. a fish similar to 
the herring, found in Loch Lomond. 

powder ('der), n. any dry substance 
in fine particles ; gunpowder ; face- 



powder ; a medicinal preparation : 
v.t. to reduce to, or sprinkle with, 
powder ; salt. 

power (pou'er), n. the faculty of do- 
ing or performing something ; abil- 
ity ; energy ; force ; strength ; rule or 
authority ; dominion ; government ; 
influence ; mental capacity ; legal 
authority ; ruler or sovereign ; state 
or nation ; supernatural being or 
agent ; force tending to produce mo- 
tion ; magnifying power of a lens ; 
the product arising from the multi- 
plication of a number or quantity 
into itself. 

powerful (-fool), adj. having great 
power ; mighty ; forcible ; strong ; 
efficacious. 

powerfully (-li), adv. in a powerful 
manner. 

pow-wow (pou'wou), n. a North 
American Indian priest or conjurer ; 
an incantation accompanied with 
noise and dancing for the cure of 
disease ; a noisy political meeting : 
v.i. to conjure ; frolic noisily. 

pox (poks), n. an eruptive disease 
characterized by pustules ; syphilis. 

pozzuolana (potz-o6-o-la'na), n. vol- 
canic ashes used in hydraulic or Ro- 
man cement. 

praani (pram), n. a flat-bottomed 
boat or lighter used in Holland and 
the Baltic. 

p r a c t i cability ( prak-ti-ka-bil'i-ti ) , 
n. the state of being practicable. 

practicable ('ti-ka-bl), adj. that 
may be done, used, or passed over ; 
feasible ; possible. 

practicably ('ti-ka-bli), adv. so as 
to be practicable. 

practical ( 'ti-kal ) , adj. pertaining to 
action or use ; useful ; capable of ap- 
plying knowledge or theory to prac- 
tice ; derived from, or reduced to, 
practice. 

practically (-li), adv. in a practical 
manner. 

practice (prak'tis), n. frequent or 
customary action ; dexterity acquired 
by habit ; use ; exercise of any pro- 
fession ; systematic exercise ; a rule 
in arithmetic : v.t. to do habitually 
or repeatedly ; perform ; exercise, as 
a profession : v.i. to form a habit ; 
exercise a profession. 



11 



ate, Urm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



pra 



622 



pre 



practitioner (-tish'un-er), n. one 
who is engaged in the exercise of 
any profession, especially medicine 
or law. 

prse, see pre. 

praecipe (pres'i-pe), n. a writ requir- 
ing something to be done, or the rea- 
son why it is not performed. 

prsenomen (pre-no'men), n. a name 
prefixed to the family name. 

prsetor ('ter), n. a Roman magistrate 
ranking next to consul. 

pragmatic (prag-mat'ik), adj. med- 
dling ; officious ; assuming business 
airs. Also pragmatical. 

prairie (pra'ri), n. an extensive tree- 
less tract of level or slightly undu- 
lating land covered with tall coarse 
grass. 

prairie-dog (-dog), n. a small bur- 
rowing rodent that lives in commu- 
nities on the prairies. 

praise (praz), n. approbation; com- 
mendation ; tribute of gratitude for 
benefits ; renown ] applause ; object 
or reason of praise : v.t. to bestow 
commendation upon ; honor ; wor- 
ship ; glorify. 

prance (prans), n. a spring or 
bound : v.i. to spring or bound ; ride 
ostentatiously ; strut about in a 
shadowy or bellicose manner. 

prank (prangk), n. a freak or frolic; 
mischievous trick : v.t. to dress up in 
a showy style; decorate. 

prate (prat), v.i. to -prattle; talk 
idly ; be loquacious : v.t. to utter 
without sense or meaning : n. tri- 
fling talk. Also prating. 

pratique (pra-tek'), n. a license to a 
ship to trade after quarantine, or 
after a certificate has been given 
that the vessel has not come from an 
infected port. 

prattle (prat'l), n. childish or empty 
talk : v.i. to talk much and lightly ; 
chatter. 

pra"wn (prawn), n. a small marine 
crustacean, allied to the shrimp. 

praxis (prak'sis), n. an example or 
series of examples for exercise. 

pray (pra), v.t. & v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
prayed, p.pr. praying], to ask earn- 
estly ; address or petition ; ask with 
humility and reverence; supplicate. 



prayer (prar), n. a solemn address 
to the Supreme Being ; entreaty ; a 
formula of worship ; that part of a 
petition which specifies the request 
or desire. 

prayerful ('fool) , adj. using prayer ; 
devotional. 

prayerfully (-li), adv. in a prayer- 
ful manner ; devoutly. 

prayer-book (-book), n. a manual of 
public or private devotion, contain- 
ing forms of prayer. 

pre, a prefix, meaning lefore, prior in 
time, space, or degree. 

preach (prech), v.i. to pronounce a 
public discourse on a sacred subject, 
especially from a text of Scripture ; 
give advice in an offensive or obtru- 
sive manner on religious or moral 
grounds : v.t. to teach publicly. 

preamble (pre'am-bl), n. an intro- 
duction or preface ; the opening 
clauses of a statute setting forth 
the reasons and object of the act : 
commencing with the word whereas, 

preaudience (-aw'di-ens), n. the 
right of previous audience ; preced- 
ence at the bar. 

prebend (preb'end), n. the stipend 
granted to a canon out of the es- 
tate of a cathedral or collegiate 
church. 

precarious (pre-ka'ri-us), adj. de- 
pending upon the will or pleasure of 
another ; uncertain ; held by a doubt- 
ful tenure. 

precaution (pre-kaw'shun), n. cau- 
tion taken beforehand ; preventive 
measure. 

precautionary (-a-ri), adj. contain- 
ing, or proceeding from, precaution. 

precede (pre-sed'), v.t. to go before 
in time, place, rank, or importance. 

precedence (-se'dens), n. the act of, 
going before in time, rank, &c. ; pri-' 
ority ; relative rank in social eti- 
quette. Also precedency. 

precedent ('dent), adj. going before; 
anterior : n. (pres'e-dent) something 
previously said or done, serving as 
an example to be followed ; a paral- 
lel case in the past. 

preceding (pre-sed'ing), p.adj. going 
before ; antecedent ; former, 

precentor (-sen'ter), n. the leader of 
a cathedral choir, &c. ; the leader of 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nortih, not ; bodn, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



pre 



623 



pre 



the psalmody in a Presbyterian 
church. 

precept (pre'sept), n. an authorita- 
tive command ; rule of action oi* 
moral conduct ; maxim ; written 
mandate. 

preceptor {'ter),-n. an instructor or 
teacher. Fern, preceptress. 

preceptory (-sep'to-ri), adj. giving, 
or containing, precepts : n. a college 
or religious house of the Knights 
Templars. 

precession (-sesh'un), n. a going for- 
ward, especially the slow but con- 
tinual shifting of the equinoctial 
points along the ecliptic from east 
to west {precession of the equi- 
noxes). 

precinct (pre'singkt), n. an outward 
limit or boundary ; minor territorial 
district. 

precious (presh'us), adf/. of great 
price or value ; costly ; highly es- 
teemed ; worthless {in irony). 

precipice (pres'i-pis), n. a steep de- 
scent, especially one nearly or quite 
perpendicular. 

precipitance (pre-sip'i-tans), n. 
haste in resolving or carrying out a 
purpose. Also precipitancy. 

precipitant ('i-tant), adj. falling 
headlong ; hasty : n. any chemical 
substance that causes something 
held in solution by a liquid to fall 
down in a solid state. 

precipitate (-sip'i-tat), v.t. to throw 
headlong ; urge on violently ; hurry 
on rashly, thoughtlessly, or unex- 
pectedly ; throw to the bottom of a 
vessel : v.i. to fall to the bottom of 
a vessel : adj. headlong ; over hasty ; 
rash; falling, flowing, or rushing 
headlong : n. a substance precipi- 
tated. 

precipitately (-li), adv. in a precipi- 
tate manner. 

precipitation (-ta'shun), n. the act 
of precipitating ; rash haste ; that 
which is precipitated. 

precipitous ('i-tus), adj. very steep; 
headlong ; rash ; hasty. 

precise (pre-sis'), adj. exact; strict; 
accurate ; definite ; adhering rigidly 
to rule ; punctilious. 

precisely ('li), adv. in a precise man- 
ner. 



preciseness ('nes), n. the quality of 
being precise. 

precisian (-sizh'an), n. a punctilious 
or over precise person. 

preclude (-klood'), v.t. to shut out; 
hinder from access ; obviate ; pre- 
vent. 

preclusion (-kloo'zhun), n. the act 
of precluding ; the state of being 
precluded. 

preclusive ('siv), adj. precluding or 
tending to preclude. 

preclusively (-li), adv. in a preclu- 
sive manner. 

precocious (-ko'shus), at?/. . prema- 
turely ripe or developed ; pertly for- 
ward. 

precocity (-kos'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being precocious ; prema- 
ture development. Also precocious- 
ness. 

precognition (-kog-nish'un) , n. pre- 
vious knowledge or thought. 

precursor (-ker'ser), n. one who, or 
that which, precedes ; forerunner ; 
omen. 

precursory ('so-ri), adj. indicating 
something that is to happen or fol' 
low. 

predacious (da'shus), adj. living by 
prey. 

predatory (pred'a-to-ri), adj. rapa- 
cious ; plundering : pillaging. 

predecessor (pre-de-ses'er), n. one 
who has preceded another in the 
same office, business, position, &c. ; 
an ancestor. 

predestinarian (-des-ti-na'ri-an) , 
adj. pertaining to predestination : n. 
one who believes in the doctrine of 
predestination. 

predestinate ('ti-nat), v.t. to or- 
dain beforehand by an unchangeable 
purpose. 

predestination (-na'shun), n. the 
act of foreordaining ; the doctrine 
that God has from all eternity de- 
creed whatever comes to pass, espe- 
cially, by an unchangeable purpose, 
the eternal life or death of man. 

predicability (pred-i-ka-bil'i-ti), n. 
the state or quality of being predica- 
te. 

predicable ('i-ka-bl), adj. capable of 
being predicated : n. in logic, a term 
that can be predicated of others, 



ate, arm, 



at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



pre 



624 



prt. 



and noting genus, species, difference, 
property, or accident. 

predicament (pre-dik'a-ment), n. in 
logic, a category ; a peculiar situa- 
tion ; critical condition or state. 

predicate ('i-kat), v.t. to affirm one 
thing of another ; found : n. in logic, 
. that which is affirmed or denied of 
the subject. 

predication (-ka'shun), n. affirma- 
tion. 

predicative (-tiv), adj. affirmative. 

prediction (pre-dik'shun), n. the 
declaration of a future event ; 
prophecy. 

predictor ('ter), n. one who predicts 
or foretells. 

predilection (pre-di-lek'shun), n. 
preference beforehand ; preposses- 
sion ; partiality. 

predispose (-dis-poz'), v.t. to incline 
beforehand ; adapt previously. 

predisposition (-po-zish'un), n. pre- 
vious inclination or propensity : 
prejudice. 

predominancy (-dom'i-nan-si), n. 
prevalence over others ; superiority 
in strength, power, authority, &c. 
Also predominance. 

predominant ('i-nant), adj. having 
superior influence, &c. ; superior ; 
controlling. 

predominate ('i-nat), v.i. to be su- 
perior in strength, power, authority, 
&c. ; prevail ; be ascendant. 

predomination (-na'shun), n. the 
act or state of predominating. 

preempt (pre-empt'), v.t. to secure 
or occupy by preemption ; establish 
a right or claim to before others. 

preemption (-emp'shun), n. the act 
or right of purchasing before others. 

preen (pren), n. a forked instrument 
used in cloth dressing : v.t. to 
cleanse, trim, and compose with the 
beak, as birds. 

preface (pref'as), n. the introduction 
to a book, &c. ; preamble : v.t. to in- 
troduce by preliminary remarks : v.i. 
to say or do something introductory. 

prefatory ('a-to-ri), adj. pertaining 
to, or of the nature of, a preface ; 
introductory. 

prefect (pre'fekt), n. a civil magis- 
trate or governor ; commander ; 



monitor ; the civil governor of a de- 
partment in France. 

prefecture (-tilr), n. the office, juris- 
diction, or official residence of a pre- 
fect. 

prefer (-fer'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. pre- 
ferred, p.pr. preferring], to regard 
or esteem more than something else ; 
present ; place in advance. 

preference (pref'er-ens) , n. the act 
of preferring ; the thing preferred ; 
choice of one thing more than anoth- 
er ; predilection, 

prefelfential (-en'shal), adj. having 
a preference. 

preferment (pre-fer'ment), n. pro- 
motion, especially in the church. 

preferrer ('er), n. one who prefers. 

prefix (pre'fiks), n. a letter, word, or 
syllable placed at the beginning of a 
word: v.t. (pre-fiks') to place before 
or at the beginning of, 

pregnancy (preg'nan-si), n. the state 
of being pregnant ; inventive power. 

pregnant ('hant), adj. being with 
young ; fruitful ; teeming ; fertile ; 
full of importance or significance. 

prehensible ( pre-hen'si-bl ) , adj. that 
may be seized. 

prehensile ('sil), adj. adapted for 
holding or seizing. 

prehension ('shun), n. a taking hold. 

prejudice (prej'u-dis), n. previous 
and unfavorable bias ; prejudgment 
without due examination ; detri- 
ment ; injury : v.t. to prepossess 
against ; bias the mind of ; create a 
prejudice against ; hurt, impair or 
damage in any way. 

prejudicial (-dish'al), adj. disadvan- 
tageous ; injurious. 

prejudicially (-li), adv. injuriously. 

prelacy (prel'a-si), n. the office or 
status of a prelate ; episcopacy : 
bishops collectively. 

prelate ('at), n. an ecclesiastical dig- 
nitary having episcopal authority. 

prelatic (pre-lat'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or characteristic of, prelates or 
prelacy. Also prelatical. 

prelection (-lek'shun), n. a lecture, 
&c., read before students or others. 

prelector ('ter), n. a lecturer. 

preliminary (-lim'i-na-ri) , adj. pre- 
ceding the main discourse or busi- 






ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, th^n. 



pre 



625 



pre 



ness ; introductory : n. an introduc- 
tion ; something preceding. 

prelude (prel'ud, or pre'lud), n. a 
short piece of music played as an 
introduction to a larger piece ; pref- 
ace : v.t. to serve as a prelude to ; 
precede. 

prelusory (pre-lu'so-ri), adj. intro- 
ductory. 

premature (pre-ma-ttir'), adj. ripe 
before the proper time ; arriving, oc- 
curring, or done, before the proper 
time. ** 

premeditate (-med'i-tat), v.t. to de- 
sign, conceive, or deliberate, before- 
hand. 

premeditation (-ta'shun), n. the act 
of premeditating. 

premier (prem'i-er, or pre'mi-er), 
adj. first ; chief : n. the prime minis- 
ter. 

premiersliip (-ship), n. the office or 
dignity of prime minister. 

premise (pre-miz'), v.t. to explain 
previously ; lay down as proposi- 
tions to reason from : v.i. to state 
antecedent propositions: n. (prem'- 
is) a proposition antecedently as- 
sumed and laid down : pi. the two 
propositions of a syllogism in logic, 
the major and minor, from which 
the conclusion is drawn, (Also 
premisses) ; a building and its ad- 
juncts ; foregoing statements or 
facts of a deed of conveyance. 

premium (pre'mi-um), n. a recom- 
pense or reward ; prize or bounty : 
bonus ; payment for insurance ; 
value above the original price or par 
of stock, &c. 

premonitory (-mon'i-to-ri), adj. giv- 
ing warning beforehand. 

preparation (prep-a-ra'shun), n. the 
act of preparing or fitting for a par- 
ticular purpose ; state of being pre- 
. pared ; readiness ; a part of an ani- 
mal body prepared for anatomical 
use ; that which is prepared or made 
ready, as a medicine, &c. 

preparative (pre-par'a-tiv), adj. 
tending to prepare or make ready. 
Also preparatory : n. that which pre- 
pares. 

preparatively (-li), adv. by prepa- 
ration. 



preparatory (-par'a-to-ri), adj. pre- 
viously necessary ; introductory. 

prepared (pre'pard), p.adj. in readi- 
ness. 

prepense (-pens'), adj. premeditated. 

preponderance (-pon'der-ans), n. 
superiority of weight, power, force, 
or influence. 

preponderant (-ant), adj. outweigh- 
ing. 

preponderate ('der-at), v.t. to out- 
weigh ; exceed in power or influence : 
v.i. to incline to one side. 

preposition (prep-6-zish'un), n. a 
word placed before a noun or pro- 
noun to indicate its relation to some 
other word in the sentence. 

prepositional (-al), adj. pertaining 
to a preposition. 

prepositionally (-li), adv. like a 
preposition. 

prepositive (pre-pos'i-tiv), adj. 
placed before : n. a word or particle 
placed before another word. 

prepossess (-poz-es'), v.t. to occupy 
beforehand ; bias. 

prepossessing ('ing), p.adj. tending 
to win or secure favor ; attractive. 

prepossession (-zesh'un), n. prior 
possession ; preconceived opinion or 
judgment. 

preposterous (-pos'ter-us), adj. con- 
trary to nature or reason ; ridicu- 
lous ; absurd. 

prerogative (-rog'a-tiv), n. an ex- 
clusive or peculiar privilege, espe- 
cially of a sovereign. 

presage (pres'aj), n. a foreboding or 
presentiment: v.t. (pre-saj'), to 
forebode ; predict. 

presbyopia (-bi-o'pi-a), n. long-sight- 
edness while near objects are indis- 
tinctly seen, caused by a change in 
the refractive power of the eye, due 
to the flattening of the lens. 

presbyter (pres'bi-ter), n. an elder, 
minister, or priest ; an elder with 
authority to rule in the early Chris- 
tian church. 

Presbyterian (-bi-te'ri-an), n. one 
of a religious body governed by 
presbyters : adj. pertaining to a 
presbvter, or to the Presbyterian 
Church. 

Presbyterianism (-izm), n. the sys- 
tem of church government by pres- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



pre 



626 



pre 



byters, all of whom are regarded as 
having equal rank and function. 

presbytery ('bi-ter-i), n. in the early 
Christian church, a body of elders ; 
in the Presbyterian Church, a court 
composed of the pastors and ruling 
elders of the churches in a given 
district ; such district so represented. 

prescience (pre'shiens), n. fore- 
knowledge. 

prescient ('shient), adj. foreknow- 
ing. 

prescribe (-skrib'), v.t. to set down 
authoritatively ; direct medically ; 
appoint : v.i. to write medical direc- 
tions ; give law ; claim by prescrip- 
tion. 

prescript ('skript), adj. prescribed; 
directed : n. a direction ; prescrip- 
tion. 

prescription (-skrip'shun), n. the 
act of prescribing ; the thing pre- 
scribed ; a written direction for the 
preparation of a medicine ; recipe ; 
custom or title continued until it 
has acquired the force of law. 

presence (prez'ens), n. the state or 
quality of being present ; quickness 
at expedients ; approach face to 
face ; society ; mien. 

present ('ent), adj. being in a cer- 
tain place ; at hand or in sight ; at 
this time ; not past 04* future ; in- 
stant or immediate : n. the present 
■^ime ; a gift or donation : pi. what 
is written in a document or con- 
veyance now present or referred to : 
v.t. (pre-zenf) to introduce to a 
superior ; exhibit to view ; offer ; 
give formally ; point or aim, as a 
gun ; appoint to an ecclesiastical 
benefice ; lay before for considera- 
tion, 

presentation (prez-en-ta'shun), n. 
the act of presenting ; representa- 
tion ; the right or act of present- 
ing to an ecclesiastical benefice ; po- 
sition of a child at parturition. 

presentative ('ta-tiv), adj. having 
the right of presentation ; directly 
apprehending or apprehended by 
the mind. 

presentee (-en-te'), n. one who is 
presented to an ecclesiastical bene- 
fice. 



presentient (-sen'shient), adj. hav- 
ing previous perception. 

presentiment ('ti-ment), n. previ- 
ous apprehension of something about 
to come or happen (usually of im- 
pending evil). 

presently (prez'ent-li), adv. ere long. 

presentment (pre-zent'ment), n. the 
act of presenting ; the thing pre- 
sented ; representation ; notice taken 
of an offense by a grand jury from 
their personal knowledge ; formal 
information to the lord of a manor 
by his tenants. 

preservable (-zer'va-bl), adj. that 
may be preserved. 

preservation (prez-er-va'shun), n. 
the act of preserving ; the state of 
being preserved from injury or de- 
cay. 

preservative (pre-zer'va-tiv), adj. 
having the power of preserving : n. 
that which preserves. Also preser- 
vatory. 

preserve (-zerv'), v.t. to keep from 
injury ; defend ; uphold ; save ; keep 
in a sound state ; season with sugar 
for preservation : n. fruit, &c., sea- 
soned and kept in sugar ; a place set 
apart for preserving game. 

preside (pre-zid'), v.i. to direct or 
control, especially at a public meet- 
ing ; superintend. 

presidency (prez'i-den-si), n. the of- 
fice, dignity, term, jurisdiction, or 
residence of a president ; one of the 
three principal divisions of British 
India. 

president ('i-dent), n. one who pre- 
sides over a corporation or assem- 
bly ; the highest officer of a repub- 
lic ; the chief officer of a college, 
university, or society. 

presidential (-den'shal), adj. per- 
taining to a president. 

press (pres), v.t. to urge; squeeze or 
crush strongly ; hug or embrace*; 
compel ; crowd upon ; distress ; hur- 
ry ; make smooth, as cloth, &c. ; 
formerly, to force for service into 
the navy : v.i. to exert pressure ; 
move forward forcibly ; crowd : n. 
an instrument or machine for com- 
pressing anything; a printing ma- 
chine ; newspaper and periodical 
literature ; literature generally ; a 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



pre 



627 



pre 



crowd ; act of urging forward ; pres- 
sure : urgency ; a closet with 
shelves ; wine vat. 

press-gang ('gang), n. a detachment 
from a ship's crew to force men into 
the navy. 

pressing ('ing), p.adj. urgent; im- 
portunate. 

pressman ('man), n. a printer who 
works at the press and impresses 
the sheets ; a journalist. 

prestidigitation ( -ti-di j'i-ta'shun ) , 
n. sleight of hand ; legerdemain. 
Also prestigiation. 

prestige ('tij, or -tezh'), n. moral 
influence due to past reputation, 
achievements, &c. 

presume (pre-zum'), v.t. to take for 
granted on probable grounds ; sup- 
pose : v.i. to venture without actual 
leave ; form confident or arrogant 
opinions ; behave with overconfidence 
or presumption, 

presumption (-zump'shun), n. the 
act of presuming ; the thing pre- 
sumed ; strong probability ; arro- 
gance or overconfidence ; the as- 
sumption of the credibility of cer- 
tain facts from circumstantial evi- 
dence. 

presumptive ('tiv), adj. taken by 
previous supposition ; proving cir- 
cumstantially ; arrogant. 

presumptively (-li), adv, in a pre- 
sumptive manner. 

presumptuous ('tii-us), adj. bold 
and confident to excess ; arrogant ; 
wilful ; rash. 

presuppose (pre-sup-oz') , v.t. to take 
for granted ; imply as antecedent 

presupposition (-o-zish'un), n. a 
supposition previously formed. Also 
presupposal. 

pretend (-tend'), v.t. to allege or 
put forward falsely ; make a show 
of ; simulate ; counterfeit ; assert : 
v.i. to put forward a claim, true or 
false. 

pretended (-ten'ded), p.adj. ostensi- 
ble ; feigned. 

prete,nder ('er), n. one who lays 
claim to anything under the guise 
of a right ; one who makes a show 
of anything not real. 

pretense (-tens'), oi. false or hypo- 



critical profession ; unfounded 
claim ; pretext. 

pretension (-ten'shun), n. a claim, 
true or false ; assumed right. 

pretentious ('shus), adj. assuming 
an air of superiority. 

preter, a _ prefix meaning heyond^ 
more, hesides, as preternatural, &c. 

preterit (pret'er-it), adj. past; not- 
ing the tense which expresses past 
or completed time or action. Also 
preterite : n. the past tense. 

pretext (pre'tekst), n. a pretense or 
excuse ; ostensible motive put for- 
ward to conceal the real one. 

pretor, same as praetor, 

prettily (prit'i-li), adv. in a pretty 
manner ; pleasingly and elegantly. 

prettiness (-nes), n. the quality of 
being pretty ; attractiveness without 
dignity ; neatness with taste ; agree- 
able manner. 

pretty ('i), adj. [comp. prettier, SU' 
perl, prettiest], pleasing without be- 
ing absolutely beautiful ; pleasing ; 
neatly arranged or ornamented; 
trim ; moderately large or excellent ; 
fine : adv. fairly ; moderately ; tol- 
erably. 

pretzel (pret'zel), n. a hard wheaten 
biscuit, made in the form of a knot 
and salted on the surface. 

prevail (pre-val'), v.i. to overcome; 
gain the advantage ; operate effec- 
tually ; obtain influence or superiorly 
ty ; persuade (with on). 

prevalence (prev-a'lens), adj. supe* 
rior strength, influence, or efficacy ; 
preponderance ; general diffusion. 
Also prevalency. 

prevalent ('lent), adj. powerful; 
predominant ; victorious ; most gen- 
eral. 

prevaricate (pre-var'i-kat), v.i. to 
evade the truth ; quibble. 

prevarication (-ka'shun), n. a quib- 
bling to evade the truth ; deviation 
from truth or fair dealing. 

prevaricator (-var'i-ka-ter), n. one 
who prevaricates. 

prevent (-vent'), v.t. to hinder, ob- 
struct, or impede ; obviate ; precede 
(as in prayer-book, "prevent us O 
Lord")^. 

prevention (-ven'shun), n. the act 



ate- arm, ask, at, awl , me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



pre 



628 




of preventing ; hindrance or obstruc- 
tion. 

preventive ('tiv), adj. tending to 
prevent : n, that which prevents. 

preventorium (-to'ri-um), n. an in- 
stitution for treatment to ward off 
the development of various diseases 
in persons who have tendencies to 
those diseases. 

previous ('vi-us), adj. going before; 
anterior. 

prevision (-vizh'un), n. foreknowl- 
edge. 
■^rey^ (pra), n. plunder; booty; that 
which may be, or is, seized by a 
wild beast for food : v.i. [p.t. & 
p.p. preyed, p.pr. preying] to take 
booty or plunder ; seize and devour 
an animal as prey ; weigh heavily 
(with on or upon). 

"^Hce (pris), n. the current value of 
a commodity; cost; value; recom- 
pense. 

priceless ('les), adj. invaluable. 

prick (prik), n. a puncture; dot or 
point ; slender pointed instrument ; 
a sharp stinging pain ; thorn ; goad ; 
remorse ; small roll ; footprint of a 
hare or deer : v.t. to pierce with, or 
as* with, a prick ; puncture . 

pricking ('ing), n. the act of pierc- 
ing with a sharp point ; sensation 
of a sharp, tingling pain. 

prickle ('1), w. a sharp point grow- 
ing from the bark of a plant. 

prickliness ('li-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being prickly. 

prickly ('li), adv. full of prickles. 

prier (pri'er), n. one who pries. 

priest (prest), n. an ecclesiastic in 
full orders, below a bishop and 
above a deacon ; one who officiates 
in sacred offices, especially by of- 
fering sacrifice. Fern, priestess. 

priestcraft ('kraft), n. the policy 
pursued by priests for the aggran- 
dizement of their order and material 
interests. 

priestkood ('hood), n. the priestly 
order ; office or character of a priest. 

priestly ('li), adj. pertaining to, or 
befitting, a priest ; sacerdotal, 

priestliness ('li-nes), n. the appear- 
ance or manner of a priest. 

prig (prig), n. a conceited fellow who 



gives himself airs of wisdom : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. prigged, p.pr. prigging], 
to drjess up ; primp ; prink. 

priggish ('ish), adj. conceited. 

priggism ('izm), n. the manners of 
a prig. 

prim (prim), adj. precise; affectedly 
nice ; formally neat : v.t. to deck 
with affected nicety ; make prim. 

prima (pre'ma), adj. first (Fern.) 
[Italian]. 

primacy (pri'ma-si), n. the office or 
dignity of a primate. 

prima donna (pre'ma don'a), n. the 
principal female singer in an opera. 

primage (prim'aj), n. a small allow- 
ance paid to the captain and crew 
of a vessel for loading or unloading 
a cargo, &c. 

primal ('al), adj. first. 

primarily (pri'ma-ri-li), adv. in the 
first place ; originally. 

primary ('ma-ri), adj. in the first or- 
der of time, r)lace, or rank ; chief ; 
original ; principal ; preparatory : n. 
that which is first in rank, place, or 
importance : pi. large quill feathers 
on. the last joint of a bird's wing. 

primary colors (kul'erz), n.pl. red, 
yellow, blue. 

primary rocks (roks), n.pl. rocks 
in which no organic remains occur. 

primate ('mat), n. the highest dig- 
nitary in a national church ; arch- 
bishop. 

prime (prim), adj. first in order of 
rank, time, or importance ; original ; 
early ; excellent : n. the spring of 
life; first or best part; beginning 
or dawn ; height of perfection ; the 
first canonical hour : v.t. to prepare 
for firing, as a gun; lay the first 
coat of paint on : v.i. to serve for the 
charge of a gun ; convey water with 
the steam to the cylinder of an en- 
gine from the boiler. 

primely ('li), adv. originally; excel- 
lently. . 

primeness ('nes), n. supreme excel- 
lence. 

prisne number (num'ber), n. a num- 
ber not divisible without remainder 
by any number except itself and 
unity. 

primer (prim'er), n. a manual of 
elementary instruction ; a small 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hiie, hut ; think, then. 



pri 



629 



pri 



prayer book ; one of two sizes of 
type, long primer and great primer 
(see type). 

primeval (pri-me-vS.1), adj. of the 
earliest age or time ; original. 

primevally (-li), adv. in primeval 
times. 

priming' (prim'ing), n. the first coat 
of paint ; powder in the nipple of 
a firearm. 

primitive (prim'i-tiv), adj. pertain- 
ing to the beginning ; original ; not 
derivative ; old-fashioned : n. a word 
in its simplest form and not derived 
from another. 

primitively (-li), adv. originally. 

primitiveness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being primitive. 

primogeniture (pri-mo-jen'i-tur), n. 
seniority of birth ; right of the eld- 
est son to succeed to real estate. 

primordial (-mor'di-al), adj. exist- 
ing from the beginning ; first in or- 
der ; original : n. first principle or 
element. 

primp (primp), v.t. to deck (one's 
self) in a prim or affected manner ; 
prink. 

primrose (prim'roz), n. an early 
spring flower of a pale yellow color, 
of several species : adj. pale yellow. 

prince (prins), n. a rnler or sover- 
eign ; the son of a king or sovereign ; 
the chief of a body of men. 

prince consort (kon'sort), n. the 
husband of a female sovereign. 

princely ('li), adj. resembling, or be- 
fitting, a prince ; royal ; high-born ; 
dignified ; magnificent. 

princess (prin'ses), n. the daughter 
of a sovereign ; the wife of a prince. 

princess royal (roi'al), n. the eldest 
daughter of a sovereign. 

principal (prin'si-pal), adj. occupy- 
ing i\\Q first place or rank ; chief in 
character, degree, or importance*, 
essential : n. a principal person or 
thing ; one who takes the lead ; the 
chief in authority ; head of a firm ; 
a capital sum lent at interest. 

principality (-si-pal'i-ti), n. the ter- 
ritory of a prince ; the country from 
which he derives his title ; royal 
state ; supreme power. 

principally ('si-pal-li), adv. chiefly. 



principia (-sip'i-a), n.pl. first prin- 
ciples [Latin]. 

principle ('si-pl), n. source or ori- 
gin ; element ; fundamental truth or 
doctrine ; settled rule or law of ac- 
tion or conduct ; reason ; foundation 
of morality or religion ; uprightness : 
v.t. to establish firmly in the mind. 

prink (pringk), v.t. to dress up, or 
deck out, in a showy or ostentatious 
fashion ; arrange with nicety. 

print ( print ) , n. b. mark or character 
made by impression ; impression of 
type ; anything that being impressed 
leaves its form on any substance; 
anything produced by printing, as a 
newspaper, engraving, &c. : pi. en- 
gravings ; printed cotton cloth : v.t. 
to impress ; fix oi stamp deeply : v.i. 
to practice the art of printing ; pub- 
lish books. 

printing ('ing), n. the art or act of 
impressing figures or characters on 
paper, &c. ; typography ; the busi- 
ness of a printer. 

prior (pri'er), adj. coming before, in 
time ; former : adv. previously : n. 
the head of a priory or monastery, 
next in rank below an abbot. Fern, 
prioress. 

priorate (-at), n. the. office, dignity, 
or government of a prior. 

priority (-or'i-ti), n. the state of be- 
ing first in rank, time, or place ; 
first claim. 

priory ('er-i), n. [pi. priories (-iz)], 
a religious house, in dignity below 
an abbey. 

prism (prizm), n. a solid whose bases 
are similar, equal, and parallel, and 
whose sides are parallelograms ; an 
instrument of solid glass with tri- 
angular ends. 

prismatic (priz-mat'ik), adj. per- 
taining to, like, formed by, or sep- 
arated by, a prism. Also prismati- 
cal. 

prismatic colors (kul'erz), n.pl. the 
seven colors into which a ray of 
light is decomposed when refracted 
from a prism. 

prison (priz'n), n. a public building 
for the confinement of criminals, 
&c. ; jail ; any place of confinement 
or detention : v.t. to imprison. 

pristine (pris'tin), adj. pertaining to 



J,te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



pri 



630 



pro 



an early period ; first ; original ; 
primitive. 

prithee (pri^Ti'e), corruption of "I 
pray thee." 

prittle-prattle (prit'l-prat'l), n. 
trifling talk ; loquacity. 

privacy (priv'a-si, or priv'a-si), n. a 
state of retirement ; place of seclu- 
sion ; secrecy. 

private (pri'vat), adj. peculiar to 
one's self ; personal ; alone ; secret ; 
not public ; secluded ; unofficial : n. 
a common soldier. ^ 

privately (-li), adv. in a private 
manner. 

privateness (-nes), n. the state of 
being private ; privacy ; seclusion. 

privateer (-va-ter'), n. a private ves- 
sel licensed by the government to 
seize and plunder the ships of an 
enemy : v.i. to cruise in a privateer. 

privation (-va'shun), n. the state of 
being deprived of something, espe- 
cially of the necessaries of life ; des- 
titution ; hardship ; absence. 

privative (priv'a-tiv), adj. causing 
privation ; taking away ; negative : 
n. that which depends on the absence 
of something else ; a prefix or suffix, 
noting absence or negation. 

privatively (-li), adv. in a privative 
manner. 

privet (priv'et), n. an evergreen 
shrub. 

privilege ( 'i-lej ) , w. a law, or exemp- 
tion from the common provisions of 
a law, in favor of an individual or a 
body; peculiar advantage, right, or 
immunity ; prerogative : v.t. to in- 
vest with a privilege ; exempt. 

privity ('i-ti), n. joint knowledge; 
secrecy. 

privy ('i), adj. private; secret; clan- 
destine ; admitted to the knowledge 
of something secret (with to) : n. Si 
person having an interest in a legal 
action ; a necessary house. 

prize (priz), n. a reward gained in a 
competition, lottery, &c. ; that which 
is taken from an enemy in war, es- 
pecially a captured vessel ; a lever 
used for forcing or raising heavy 
bodies, &c. : v.t. to value ; esteem ; 
to force with a lever. 

prize-fight ('fit), n. a boxing match 
for stakes. 



pro, a prefix meaning before, in the 
place of, forth, forward, as pro and 
con, for and against, or both sides of 
an argument, &c. 

probability (prob-a-bil'i-ti), n. ap- 
pearance of truth ; likelihood. 

probate (pro'bat), n. the official 
proof of wills ; the official copy of a 
will with the certificate of its having 
been proved. 

probation (-ba'shun), n. the act of 
proving ; evidence ; proof ; moral 
trial ; novitiate ; trial of abilities 
prior to election, &c., to office or 
employment. 

probationary (-a-ri), adj. serving 
for probation or trial. Also proba- 
tional. 

probe (prob), n. a surgical instru- 
ment for examining a wound : v.t^ 
to examine with a probe ; scrutinize. 

probity (prob'i-ti), ii. integrity; sin- 
cerity. 

problem ('lem), n. a question for so- 
lution ; a proposition requiring some- 
thing to be demonstrated. 

problematical (-at'i-kal), adj. ques- 
tionable ; doubtful. 

problematically (-11), adv. doubt- 
fully. 

proboscis (pro-bos'is), n. the trunk 
of an elephant ; the elongated snout 
of certain animals and insects. 

procedure (-sed'iir), n. manner of 
proceeding ; conduct ; process. 

proceed (-sed'), v.i. to pass from one 
step or place to another ; advance ; 
issue ; make progress ; be produced ; 
carry on a legal process : n.pl. money 
resulting from a commercial trans- 
action. 

proceeding ('ing), n. advancement; 
course of conduct ; transaction ; op- 
eration : pi. legal process ; transac- 
tions of a learned or scientific society. 

process (pros'es), n. progressive 
course ; series of measures or 
changes ; operation ; projection on a 
bone ; proceedings in a legal action. 

procession (pro-sesh'un), n. sl train 
of persons in a formal march. 

processional (-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or consisting in, a procession : n. 
a book relating to the ritual to be 
observed in the processions of the 
Roman Catholic church. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon^ 
book ; hiie, hut ; think, then. 















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631 



pro 



proclaim (-klam'), v.t. to announce 
officially ; publish ; outlaw by public 
proclamation. 

proclamation (prok-la-ma'shun), n. 
an official announcement to the pub- 
lic ; edict. 

proclivity (pro-kliv'i-ti), n. an in- 
clination ; tendency. 

proclivot&s (-kli'vus), adj. inclined; 
slanting forward and upward or 
downward : as, iwoclwous teeth. 

proconsul (-kon'sul), n. a Roman 
official who governed a province ; a 
magistrate invested with consular 
authority without the office. 

proconsular (-ar), adj. pertaining 
to, or governed by, a proconsul. 

proconsulate (-at), n. the jurisdic- 
tion, office, or term of office, of a 
proconsul. 

procrastinate (-kras'ti-nat) , v.t. to 
put off to a future time ; defer : vA, 
to be dilatory. 

procrastination (-na'shun), n. de- 
lay. 

procrastinator ( 'ti-na-ter ) , n. one 
who delays. 

procreate ('kre-at), v.t. to generate 
and produce ; beget. 

procreation (-a'shun), n. the beget- 
ting and production of young. 

procreative ('kre-a-tiv) idj. genera- 
tive. 

procreativeness (-nes), n. the power 
of generating. 

procreator (-ter), n. one who begets. 

Procrustean (-krus'te-an), adj. per- 
taining to Procrustes, a fabled rob- 
ber of ancient Greece, who tortured 
his victims by stretching them on 
an iron bed to which their limbs 
were made to fit by mutilation : 
hence strict conformity to a meas- 
ure or standard by violent means. 

proctor (prok'ter), n. one employed 
to manage the affairs of another ; 
ap attorney in an ecclesiastical, ad- 
miralty, or probate court ; a univer- 
sity official charged with the main- 
tenance of university regulations. 

prsctorial (-to-ri'al), adj, pertain- 
ing to a proctor. 

procumbent (-kvm'bent), adj. lying 
down ; prostrate ; trailing. 

procurable (-ku'ra-bl), adj. obtaina- 
ble. 



procuration (prok-ti-ra'shun), n. 
the act ot obtaining young women 
for immoral purposes. 

procurator ('u-ra-ter), n. one who 
manages another's affairs, especially 
legal interests. 

procure (pro-kur'), v.t. to get or ob- 
tain ; cause. 

procurer ('er), n. one who procures; 
one who engages in the business of 
procuration. Fem. procuress. 

prod (prod), n. a goad; prick: v:t. 
Ip.t. & p.p. prodded, p.pr. prodding], 
to goad. 

prodigal ('i-gal), adj. extravagant in 
expediture ; lavish ; wasteful : n. a 
spendthrift ; one who is lavish or 
w^asteful. 

prodigality ('i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being prodigal ; extrava- 
gance ; lavishness. 

prodigious (-dij'us), adj. enormous; 
adapted to excite wonder. 

prodigy (prod'i-ji), n. anything won- 
derful or extraordinary ; a miracle ; 
portent. 

produce (pro-dtis'), v.t. to exhibit or 
bring to view ; yield or bring forth ; 
manufacture; extend: n. (prod'us) 
that which is yielded or brought 
forth ; result. 

producible (pro-dus'i-bl), adj. capa- 
ble of being produced. 

product (prod'ukt), n. that which is 
produced by nature, or made by art; 
work ; result ; the result of multiply- 
ing two or more numbers together. 

production (pro-duk'shun), n. that 
which is produced ; act of produc- 
• ing ; fruit ; result. 

productive ('tiv), adj. having the 
power of producing ; generative ; fer- 
tile. 

productively (-li), adv. in a produc- 
tive manner. 

productiveness (-nes), ». quality of 
being productive. 

proenx ('em), n. a preface or intro- 
duction. 

profanation (prof-a-na'sbun), n. the 
act of treating sacred things with 
disrespect or irreverence ; desecra- 
tion. 

profane (pro-fan'), adj. secular; ir- 
reverent ; irreligious ; blasphemous : 
v.t. to treat with irreverence; dese- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; mS, merge, met; mite, mit; note, n6rth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



tpro 



632 



pro 



crate; violate (holy things) ; put to 
an improper use. 

profanely ('li), adv. in a profane 
manner. 

profaneness (-nes), n. irreverence 
towards holy things ; blasphemy. 
Also profanity. 

profess (-fes'), v.t. to make open 
declaration of; acknowledge or 
avow ; declare publicly. 

professed (-fesf), p.adj. openly de- 
clared. 

profession (-fesh'un), n. the act of 
professing ; open declaration or 
avowal ; calling or vocation, espe- 
cially one that requires a learned 
education ; collective body of per- 
sons in a profession _; the formal en- 
trance of a novice into a religious 
order under a sacred vow. 

professional (-al), adj. pertaining 
to a profession : n. one who makes 
his living by his art, as distinguished 
from an amateur. 

professionalism (-izm), n. the cul- 
tivation of athletic sports for pe- 
cuniary considerations. 

professionally (-li), adv. in a pro- 
fessional manner. 

•professor ('er), n. one who makes 
an outward profession of religion ; 
one who publicly teaches any branch 
of knowledge. 

professorate (pro-fes'er-at), n. pro- 
fessional staff. 

professorial (-s6'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to professors. 

professorship (pro-fes'er-ship), n. 
the office or position of a professor. 

proffer (prof-er), v.t. to offer for ac- 
ceptance ; tender : n. an offer made. 

proficiency (pro-fish'en-si), n. de- 
gree of advancement in any branch 
of knowledge, science, or art. 

proficient ('ent), adj. thoroughly 
qualified, or skilled : n. an expert, 
or adept. 

profile ('fil), n. a head or portrait 
in a side view, outline or contour, 
especially of a building in vertical 
section : v.t. draw in profile. 

profilist ('fil-ist), n. an artist who 
draws profiles. 

profit (profit), n. pecuniary gain; 
benefit or advantage ; emolument : 
. v.t. to benefit ; improve : v.i. to be of 



advantage ; make improvement ; re- 
ceive profit. 

profitable (-a-bl), adj. yielding or 
bringing profit ; lucrative ; advan- 
tageous. 

profitableness (-nes), n. the quality 
of being profitable. 

profitably (-bli), adv. with profit. 

profligacy ('li-ga-si), n. a profligate 
course of life. Also profligateness. 

profligate ('li-gat), adj. abandoned 
to vice ; dissolute ; openly vicious. 

profligately (-li), adv. in a profligate 
manner. 

profound ( pro-found' ) , adj. deep in 
skill or knowledge ; abstruse ; deep ; 
intense. 

profundity (fun'di-ti>, n. depth of 
place, knowledge, skill, «S:c. 

profuse (-fus'), adj. liberal to ex- 
cess ; exuberant. 

profusely ('li), adv. in a profuse 
manner. 

profusion (-fti'zhun), n. lavishness; 
excess ; "abundance. Also profuse- 
ness. 

progenitor (-gen'i-ter), n. an an- 
cestor ; forefather. 

progeniture ('i-tur), n. a birth or 
begetting. 

progeny (proj'en-i), n. offspring; 
descendants ; lineage. 

prognathous (-na'ithus), adj. having 
projecting jaws, as certain races. 
Also prognathic. 

prognosis (-no'sis), n. knowledge of 
the probable result of a disease from 
its symptoms ; opinion so formed. 

prognostic (-nos'tik), adj. foreshad- 
owing ; foretelling : n. an omen or 
prediction. 

prognosticate ('ti-kat), v.t. to fore- 
tell : v.i. indicate the future by pres- 
ent signs. 

prognostication (-ka'shun), n. the 
act of prognosticating ; a foretoken. 

prognosticator ('ti-ka-ter), n. one 
who foretells. 

program, programme ('gram), n. 
an outline of a public entertain- 
ment, ceremony, &c. ; a course of ac- 
tion prepared or announced before- 
hand. 

progress (prog'res), n. a moving or 
going forward ; advancement ; pro- 
ficiency ; journey of state: v.i. (pro- 



ato, arm, 



5, at, awl ; me, merge, me 
book ; hue, hut 



t ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
; think, then. 



I pro 



633 



pro 



gres') to move forward; advance; 
increase in proficiency. 
: progression (pro-gresh'un), n. mo- 
tion onwards ; intellectual advance ; 
regular and gradual advance ; prog' 
ress ; a series of numbers increas- 
ing or decreasing by proportional 
differences. 
( progressive ('iv), adj. moving for- 
ward ; making progress ; improving. 
I progressively (-li), adv. in a pro- 
gressive manner. 
. progressiveness (-nes), n. the state 

or quality of being progressive. 
I prohibit (-hib'it), v.t. to forbid ; in- 
terdict by authority ; hinder. 

prohibition (-hi-bish'un), n. the act 
; of prohibiting ; interdict. 

prohibitionist (-ist), n. one who de- 
sires to prohibit the sale of intoxi- 
cating liquors. 

prohibitive (-hib'i-tiv), adj. tending 
to prohibit. 

project (proj'ekt), n. a design or 
scheme: v.t. (pro-jekt'), to throw or 
cast forward ; plan or scheme : v.i. 
to jut out. 

projectile (pr5-jek'til)_, n. a body 
thrown forward, especially through 
the air ; a bullet, shot, &c. : adj. im- 
pelled or impelling forward. 

projecting (jekt'ing), p.adj. jutting 
out. 

projection (-jek'shun), n. the act or 
state o2 projecting ; that which juts 
out ; a plan or delineation repre- 
sented on a plane. 

projector ('ter), n. one who projects. 

projecture ('tur), n. a jutting out. 

prolapse (laps'), n. a falling down 
or out of some part of the hody : v.i. 
to fall down or out ; project too 
much. Also prolapsus. 

prolate ('lat), adj. elongated at the 
poles. 

proletarian (-le-ta'ri-an), adj. per- 
taining to the common people ; low ; 
vulgar : n. one of the lowest class of 
society ; a workman ; in ancient 
Rome, the lowest class of citizens. 

proletariat ('ri-at), n. proletarians 
collectively. 

p^roliferous (-lif'e-rus), adj. produc- 
ing another by budding. 

prolific (-lif'ik), adj. productive; fer- 
tile. 



prolifically (-al-li), adv. abundantly. 

prolix (pro-liks' or pro'liks), adj. 
tedious and verbose ; not concise. 

prolixity ('i-ti), w. verbosity ; minute 
detail. 

prolocutor (-lok'u-ter), n. the speak- 
er or chairman of a convocation. 

prologue ('log), n. an introduction 
or preface, especially verses spoken 
before a dramatic performance by 
way of introduction ; v.t. to intro- 
duce by a preface. 

prolong (long'), v.t. to lengthen; 
extend. 

prolongation ( long-ga'shun ) , n. ex- 
tension in time or space; delay or 
postponement. 

promenade (prom-e-nad'), n. a walk 
for pleasure, show or exercise ; a 
public place for walking : v.i. walk 
for pleasure, &c. 

Promethean (pro-me'the-an), adj. 
pertaining to Prometheus of classic 
mythology, who was fabled to have 
stolen fire from heaven and bestowed 
it upon men : hence life-giving or 
instinct with quickening fire. 

prominence (prom'i-nens), n. the 
state or quality of being prominent ; 
a projection. Also prominency. 

prominent {'i~nent), adj. projecting; 
conspicuous ; chief : protuberant. 

promiscuous (pro-mis'ku-us), adj. 
confused ; mingled ; indiscriminate ; 
not restricted to any particular per- 
son. 

promise (prom'is), n. an engagement 
to do or not to do something ; basis 
for expectation ; the thing promised : 
v.i. to assure one by a promise : v.t. 
to make a promise of ; afford reason 
to expect. 

promiser (-er), n. one who promises. 

promisor (-er), n. one who makes a 
legal promise or covenant. 

promissory ('is-o-ri), adj. contain- 
ing a promise or covenant <"o do, or. 
not to do, something. 

promissory-note (-not), n. a Writ- 
ten promise to pay a certain sum at 
a specified date in consideration of 
value received. 

promontory ('on-to-ri), n. a hisrh 
cape ; a point of land jutting into 
the sea. 

promote ( pro-mot'), v.t. to advance. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon> 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



pro 



634 



pro 



forward, or elevate ; excite or stir 
up ; raise to higher rank. 

promoter ('er), n. one who pro- 
motes, especially one who makes it 
his business to float new companies, 
&c. 

promotion (-mo'shun), n. the act of 
promoting ; state of being promoted ; 
advancement ; preferment. 

promotive ('tiv), adj. tending to 
promote. 

prompt (prompt), adj. ready and 
quick to act as occasion demands ; 
immediate ; done without delay : v.t. 
incite to action; assist (a speaker) 
when at a loss for words. 

promptitude (promp'ti-tud) ,7t. quick- 
ness of decision and action ; readi- 
ness ; alacrity. 

promulgate (pro-mul'gat), v.t. to 
publish. 

promulgation (-ga'shun), n. publi- 
cation. 

promulgator ('mul-ga-ter), n. one 
who promulgates. , 

prone (pron), adj. lying with the 
face downwards ; not erect ; inclined ; 
disposed. 

proneness ('nes), n. the state of be- 
ing prone ; propensity. 

prong (prong), n. a sharp-pointed in- 
strument ; the spike of a fork. 

pronominal (-nom'i-nal) , adj. per- 
taining to, or of the nature of, a 
pronoun. 

pronominally (-li), adv. as a pro- 
noun. 

prononce (-nang-sa'), adj. pro- 
nounced ; strongly marked ; emphatic. 

pronoun ('noun), n. a word which 
refers to, or is used in the place of, 
a noun. 

pronounce (-nouns'), v.t. to speak 
or utter distinctly ; articulate ; utter 
formally, authoritively, or rhetoric- 
ally ; affirm : v.i. to speak with con- 
fidence or authority. 
'pronounceable ('a-bl), adj. that 
may be pronounced. 

pronounced (-nounst'), p.adj. strong- 
ly marked or decided. 

pronouncement (-nouns'ment), n. 
an emphatic declaration. 

pronunciamento (-nun-si-a-men'to) , 
n. a proclamation. 

pronunciation (-si-a'shun), w. the 



act or manner of articulating words 
or syllables; graceful and proper 
public speaking. 

pronunciative ('si-a-tiv), adj. per- 
taining to pronunciation. 

proof (proof), n. testimony or con- 
vincing evidence ; test or experi- 
ment ; reason ; argument ; demon- 
stration ; impenetrability ; capability 
of resistance ; a standard strength of 
spirit ; an impression taken from 
type for correction ; an early im- 
pression of an engraving : adj. 
strong to resist impression or pen- 
etration ; capable of moral or phys- 
ical resistance. 

prop (prop), n. a support or stay: 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p. propped, p.pr. prop- 
ping], to support by something under 
or against ; sustain. 

propagable (prop'a-ga-bl), adj. that 
may be propagated. 

Propaganda (-gan'da), n.pl. a socie- 
ty at Rome charged with the man- 
agement of the missions of the 
Roman Catholic Church. 

propaganda (-gan'da), n.pl. any 
methods for the propagation of doc- 
trines, principles, &c., religious or 
secular. 

propagandism ('dizm), w. the act or 
practice of zealously propagating 
doctrines, &c. 

propagandist ('dist), n. one who 
devotes himself to the propagation 
of any system of principles, &c. 

propagate ('a-gat), v.t. to continue 
or spread by generation or succes- 
sive production ; extend ; impel for- 
ward in space : v.i. to be produced 
by generation, or by new shoots 
or plants. 

propagation (-ga'shun), n. the act 
of propagating ; spreading or ex- 
tension. 

propagator ('a-ga-ter), n. one who 
propagates^ 

propel (pro-pel'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
propelled, p.pr. propelling], to drive 
forward ; urge onward by force. 

propellent ('ent), adj. that propels. 

propeller ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, propels ; a screw-propeller ', 
vessel so propelled. 

propensity (-pen'si-ti), n. natural 
tendency. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



pro 



635 



pro 



proper (prop'er), adj. noting a par- 
ticular person or thing ; peculiar ; 
fit or suitable ; correct ; appropriate. 

property ('er-ti), n. \_pl. properties 
(-tiz)], a peculiar attribute, quality, 
or disposition ; exclusive right of 
possession ; the thing owned ; estate ; 
goods ; attribute common to a class • 
pi. articles, including dresses, re- 
quired by actors on the stage. 

prophecy (prof'e-si), n. a predic- 
tion of something to take place in 
the future, especially a prediction 
by Divine inspiration. 

pr«p]iesier ('e-si-er), ». one who 
prophesies. 

prophesy ('e-si), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
prophesied, p.pr. prophesying], to 
foretell future events, especially by 
Divine inspiration : v.i. to utter 
prophecies ; preach. 

prophet C'et), n. one M^ho foretells 
future events, especially one inspired 
by God. Feminine prophetess. 

prophetic (pro-fet'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to prophecy; predictive. Pro- 
phetical. 

prophetically (-al-li), adv. in a 
prophetic manner. 

prophylactic (prof-i-lak'tik), adj. 
guarding, or preserving, against dis- 
ease : n. a preventive of disease. 

propinquity (pro-ping'kwi-ti), n. 
nearness of place, time, or relation- 
ship. 

propitiate (-pish'i-at), v.t. to concil- 
iate ; make propitious : v.i. to atone. 

propitiation (-a'shun), n. the act 
of propitiating ; atonement. 

propitiator ('i-a-ter), n. one who 
propitiates. 

propitiatory (-to-ri), acZ;. capable of 
propitiating. 

propitious (-pish'us), adj. favor- 
able ; disposed to be merciful. 

proportion (pro-por'shun), n. com- 
parative relation of one thing to an- 
other ; ratio ; rate ; symmetrical re- 
lation ; rule of three ; equal or just 
share : v.t. to form symmetrically ; 
apportion. 

proportional (-al), adj. having due 
proportion ; having the same ratio : 
n. a quantity or number in propor- 
tion. 

proportionality (-al'i-ti), n. the 



quality of being proportional. Pro- 
portionateness. 

proportionally ('11), adv. in pro- 
portion. 

proportionate ('shun-at), adj. ad- 
justed to something else according to 
a certain rate : v.t. to adjust ac- 
cording to a settled rate. 

proportionately (-li), adv. in a pro- 
portionate degree. 

proposal (-poz'al), n. that which is 
offered for consideration or ac- 
ceptance ; offer of marriage ; terms 
or conditions proposed. 

propose (-poz'), v.t. to bring forward 
or offer for consideration ; nominate 
for election : v.i. to make an offer 
of marriage. 

proposition (prop-6-zish'un), n. an 
offer of terms ; proposal ; a complete 
sentence, or one that affirms or de- 
nies something ; a theorem or prob- 
lem for solution. 

prepositional (-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or considered as, a proposition. 

propound (-pound'), v.t. to offer for 
consideration ; put or set as a ques- 
tion. 

proprietary (-pri'e-ta-ri), adj. be- 
longing to a proprietor or proprie- 
tary : n. a possessor in his own 
right; proprietors collectively. 

proprietor ('e-ter), n. one who has 
a legal right to anything ; owner. 
Fern, proprietress ; proprietrix. 

propriety ('e-ti), n. conformity to 
established rules or custom; deco- 
rum ; fitness. 

propulsion (-pul'shun), n. the act 
of propelling. 

propulsive ('siv), adj. having power 
to propel. Also propulsory. 

prorogation (-ro-ga'shun), n. the 
act of proroguing. 

prorogue (-rog'), v.t. to terminate 
a session of_; to postpone. 

prosaic (-za'ik), adj. like prose; 
commonplace ; uninteresting. Also 
prosaical. 

prosaically (-al-li), adv. in a prosaic 
manner. 

prosaism {'zk-izm) , n. prosaic style. 

proscenium (-se'ni-um), n. that 
part of the stage from the curtain 
to the orchestra. 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boonr 
book: hue, hut: think, then. 



pro 



636 



pr© 



proscribe (-skrib'), v.i. to punish 
with civil death ; outlaw ; interdict. 

proscription (-skrip'shun), n. the 
act of proscribing ; outlawry ; inter- 
diction. 

prescriptive ('tiv), adj. pertaining 
to, or of the nature of, proscription. 

prose (proz), n. ordinary spoken or 
written language ; unmetrical com- 
position : v.i. & v.t. to write or 
speak tediously : adj. dull ; tedious ; 
commonplace. 

prosecute (pros'e-kut), v.t. to fol- 
low or pursue with the view to reach 
or accomplish ; accuse of a crime be- 
fore a legal tribunal : v.i. to carry 
on a legal prosecution. 

prosecution (-ku'shun), n. the act of 
prosecuting ; pursuit ; the institu- 
tion and carrying on of a legal suit ; 
prosecutor or prosecutors collective- 
ly. 

prosecutor ('e-ku-ter), n. one who 
carries on a legal suit with another ; 
one who pursues any purpose, &c. 
Fern, prosecutrix. 

proselyte ('e-llt), n. a convert to 
some religion or belief, or party ; a 
Gentile convert to the Jewish law 
and belief : v.t. to proselytize. 

proselytism ('e-li-tizm), n. the act 
of proselytizing; conversion to a 
creed or system. 

proselytize (-tiz), v.t. to make a con- 
vert of. 

prosily (proz'i-li), adv. in a prosy 
manner. 

prosiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being prosy. 

prosing ('ing), n. tedious minute- 
ness ; dull talk. 

prosody (pros'o-di), n. that part of 
grammar that treats of quantity, ac- 
cent, and the laws of versification. 

prospect Cpekt), n. a view of some- 
thing distant ; scene ; object of 
view; expectation: v.t. (pro-spekt') 
to search or explore, especially for 
gold or valuable minerals. 

prospective (-spek'tiv), adj. looking 
forward ; acting with, or character- 
ized by, foresight : in prospect. 

prospectively (-li), adv. with regard 
to the future. 

prospectiveness (-nes), n. regard 
for the future. 



piTOspector (pros'pek-ter), n. one 
who searches for valuable minerals. 

prospectus (pro-spek'tus), w. an out- 
line of a proposed undertaking; 
sketch, or plan. 

prosper (pros'per), v.t. to render 
successful ; favor : v.i. to thrive ; 
succeed. 

prosperity ('i-ti), n. successful 
progress in any business or enter- 
prise ; good fortune. 

prosperous ('us), adj. successful; 
thriving. 

prostitute ('ti-ttit), v.t. to offer or 
expose to hire for lewd use ; devote 
to infamous or improper purposes : 
adj. prostituted : n. a woman who 
indulges in lewdness, especially for 
hire ; a base mercenary or hireling. 

prostitution (-tu'shun), n. the act 
or practice of prostituting the per- 
son to lewd purposes for hire; the 
being devoted to infamous or base 
purposes. 

prostitutor ('ti-tti-ter), n. one who 
prostitutes himself for any base ends. 

prostrate ('trat), adj. lying at full 
length ; extended on the ground ; ly- 
ing at mercy as a suppliant : v.t. to 
lay flat ; throw down ; bow in hum- 
ble reverence. 

prostration (-tra'shun), n. the act 
of prostrating ; great depression ; ex- 
haustion of the vital powers under 
disease. 

prostyle (pro'stil), n. a portico or 
range of columns in front of a build- 
ing ; a temple with a portico in front. 

prosy (proz'i), adv. tedious; dull. 

protean (pro'te-§.n), adj. readily as- 
suming different shapes : from Pro- 
teus, the sea deity of classic mythol- 
ogy. 

protect (-tekt'), v.t. to cover over; 
defend ; shield ; shelter ; support. 

protection ('shun), n. the act of 
protecting; the state of being pro- 
tected ; defense ; shelter ; security ; 
passport ; encouragement of home in- 
dustry bv duties on imports, boun- 
ties, &c. 

protectionism (-izm), n. the doc- 
trine that certain home industries 
and produce should be encouraged 
by the imposition of duties on foi 
eign imports. 



ate, iirm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; r ite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



pro 



6S7 



pr© 



protectionist (-ist), n. one who ad- 
vocates or supports protectionism ; 
,1 one who opposes free trade unless it 
) be reciprocal. 

protective ('tiv), adj. serving to 
protect ; defensive. 

protector ('ter), n. one who pro- 
tects, especially from injury or op- 
pression ; guardian. Fern, protec- 
tress. 

protectorate (-at), n. government or 
defense by a protector. 

protege (-ta-zha')» w. one who is 
under the protection, guardianship, 
or care of another. Fern, protegee 
[French]. 

proteids ('te-idz), n.pl. a class of 
nitrogenous compounds, as albumen, 
fibrin, casein, &c., which form ani- 
mal tissue. _ 

protein ('te-in), n, the gelatinous, 
semi-transparent substance obtained 
from albumen, fibrin or casein, the 
essential principle of food. 

protest -(-test'), v.i. to aSirm with 
solemnity ; make a solemn declara- 
tion against some public act or meas- 
ure ; remonstrate : v.t. to make a 
solemn declaration or affirmation of ; 
to declare formally to be insufficient- 
ly provided for by deposit or pay- 
ment : said of a note or bill of 
exchange: n. (pro'test) a solemn 
declaration of opinion against some- 
thing ; a document containing rea- 
sons for dissent ; a formal declaration 
by the holder of a bill of exchange 
of its non-payment or non-accept- 
ance by the drawer. 

Protestant (prot'es-tant), n. a mem- 
ber of any of those bodies of Chris- 
tians that protest against the spirit- 
ual supremacy of the Church of 
Rome, originally one of the party 
who adhered to Luther after the sec- 
ond diet of Spires, 1529 : adj. per- 
taining to Protestants or Protestant- 
ism. 

ProtestantissB. (-izm), n. the doc- 
trines or religion of Protestants. 

protestation (-ta'shun), n. a formal 
declaration of dissent ; solemn affir- 
mation. 

protlionotary (-thon'o-ta-ri), n. a 
chief clerk or notary ; the principal 
clerk or registrar in certain courts ; 



one of the chief secretaries of the 
Papal Chancery. 

proto, a prefix meaning first, as proto- 
martyr, &c. 

protocol ( 'to-kol ) , n. the rough draft 
of a treaty, diplomatic despatch, &c. 

protoplasm ('to-plazm), n. a semi- 
fluid albuminous substance, regarded 
as the ultimate basi:^ of physical life, 
from which all living organisms are 
formed and developed. f 

protoplasmic (-plaz'mik), adj. per- j 
taining to, or formed of, protoplasm. ; 

protoplast ('to-plast), n. the original. 

protoplastic (-plas'tik), adj. first 
formed. 

prototype ('lO-tlp), n. the original 
from which others are copied. 

protoxide (-toks'id), n. a compound 
of one equivalent of oxygen with 
one of another element. 

Protozoa (-zo'a), n.pl. the first or 
lowest division of the animal king- 
dom containing animals of the sim- 
plest type of organization. 

protract (-trakf), v.t. to draw out 
or lengthen in time ; prolong ; defer. 

protracter ('ter), n. one who pro- 
tracts. 

protraction ('shun), n. the act of 
protracting ; delay ; the act of lay- 
ing down on paper the dimensions of 
a plot of land, &c. 

protractor ('ter), n. a mathematical 
instrument for laying down angles 
on paper : used in surveying, &c. : 
a surgical instrument for drawing 
out extraneous bodies ; a muscle that 
draws forward any part. 

protrude (-trtid'), v.t. to thrust out 
or push forward : v.i. to shoot for- 
ward ; project. 

protrusion ( -trti'zhun ) , n. the act 
of protruding; the state of being 
protruded. 

protrusive ('siv), adj. thrusting or 
impelling forward. 

protrusively (-li), adv. in a protru- 
sive manner. 

protuberance (-tu'ber-ans), n. a 
swelling; a prominence ; tumor. _ 

protuberant (-ant), adj. swelling; 
prominent. 

proud (proud), adj. having exces- 
sive self-esteem ; arrogant ; ostenta- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



pro 



638 



prn 



tious ; haughty ; spirited ; of lofty 
mien ; pleased ; grand ; gratified. 

provable (proov'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being proved. 

prove (proov), v.t. to ascertain or 
try by an experiment or test ; estab- 
lish or ascertain by argument or 
other evidence ; ascertain the genu- 
ineness of ; experience ; endure ; try 
by suffering ; show or demonstrate 
the accuracy of (a calculation). 

proven ('en), adj. proved. 

Provencal (pro-vang'sal), adj. per- 
taining to, or from, Provence, 
France, its language or its inhabit- 
ants. 

provender (prov'en-der), n. dry food 
for beasts, as hay, &c. 

proverb ('erb), n. a short familiar 
pithy saying, expressing some well- 
knowr truth or common fact of ex- 
perience ; adage. 

|»r©verbial (pro-ver'bi-al), adj. per- 
^taining to proverbs ; mentioned in, 
or like, a proverb ; widely spoken 
of or well-known. 

provide (pro-vid'), v.t. to make ready 
beforehand ; furnish ; stipulate as a 
preliminary condition : v.i. to procure 
supplies; make preparations (with 
for or against). 

provided ('ed), conj. on condition. 

providence (prov'i-dens), n. timely 
care or preparation ; economy ; pru- 
dence ; foresight and care of God for 
his creatures ; an event directly 
caused by the power of God. 

Providence (prov'i-dens), n. God as 
exercising his providence. 

provident ('i-dent), adj. careful for 
the future ; prudent ; economical. 

providential (-den'shal), adj. ef- 
fected by, or proceeding from, Divine 
providence. 

providentially (-li), adv. in a pro- 
vidential manner. 

province ('ins), n. a division of an 
empire or state ; a dependent coun- 
try ; region ; jurisdiction of an arch- 
bishop ; proper ofiice or business ; de- 
partment of knowledge : pi. the coun- 
try districts. 

provincial (pro-vin'shal), adj. per- 
taining to, or characteristic of, a 
province ; rustic : n. one who belongs 
to a province ; countryman. 



provincialism (-izm), n. an idiem 
or dialect peculiar to a province. 

provision (-vizh'un), n. the act of 
providing ; the things provided ; 
measures taken beforehand ; accu- 
m.ulation of stores : pt. food : v.t, to 
supply with food. 

provisional (-al), adj. provided for 
present use ; temporary. 

provisionally (-11), adv, in a pro- 
visional manner. 

proviso (-vi'zo), n. a conditional 
clause or stipulation in a deed. 

provisory ('zo-ri), adj. conditional. 

provocation (prov'o-ka'shun), n, 
that which excites to anger or re- 
sentment ; act of provoking. 

provocative (pro-vok'a-tiv), adj, 
tending to provoke ; inciting : n. 
anything that tends to provoke ; in- 
citement. 

provoke (-vok'), v.t. to excite or 
stir to action ; enrage or irritate ; ex- 

- asperate. 

provost (prov'ust, or pro-vo'), n. 
the head of a college ; superintendent 
or president ; chief dignitary of a 
cathedral ; chief magistrate of a 
city or town (Scotch]. 

pr®^ (prou), n. the bow of a ship. 

pro-wess ('es), n. bravery; valor. 

pr®ivl (proul), v.i. to wander stealth- 
ily as for prey or plunder : n. a 
roving for prey or plunder. 

proximate (proks'i-mat), adj. im- 
mediate. 

proximately (-li), adv. immediately. 

proximity (-im'i-ti), n. immediate 
nearness in place, blood, or alliance. 

proximo ('i-mo), adv. in or of th€ 
next or coming month. 

proxy ('i), n. [pi. proxies ('iz)], 
the agency of a substitute ; the docu- 
ment by which one person is author- 
ized to act of vote for another. 

prude (prood), n. a woman who af- 
fects great reserve, coyness, and ex- 
cessive virtue. 

prudence (proo'dens), n. the quality 
of being prudent ; wisdom applied 
to practice. 

prudent ('dent), adj. practically 
wise ; careful of the consequences 
of measures or actions ; judicious ; 
cautious ; circumspect. 



ite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, fAen. 



prn 



639 



pub 



prudential (-den'shal), adj. proceed- 
ing from, or_ influenced by, prudence. 

prudery (proo'der-i), w. affected nice- 
ness or scrupulousness in conduct ; 
manners of a prude. Also prud- 
ishness. 

prud'homme (proo-dom'), n. in 
France, one of a board of concilia- 
tion of masters and workmen to set- 
tle trade disputes. 

prudish (proo'dish), adj. like a 
prude; affectedly precise, nice, or 
scrupulous. 

prune (proon), n. a dried plum: v.t. 
to cut superfluous twigs or branches 
from (a vine^ bush or tree) ; trim. 

prunella (proo-nel'a), n. a smooth 
woolen stuff used for shoes and 
gaiters ; a kind of dried plum. Also 
prunello. 

prurience ('ri-ens), n. the state or 
quality of being prurient. Also 
pruriency. 

prurient ('i-ent), adj. having an 
eager desire for, or characterized 
by, lewdness ; itching. 

Prussian-blue (prush'an-bloo), n. a 
rich. Mue color obtained from fer- 
rocyapiide of iron. 

prussiate (prus'i-at), n. a salt of 
prussic acid. 

prussic acid ('ik as'id), n. hydro- 
cyanic acid, a deadly poison. 

pry (pri), vA. \_p.t. & p.p. pried, p.pr. 
prying], to inspect closely or with 
keen scrutiny : n. close inspection : 
impertinent peeping. 

psalm (salm), n. a sacred song. 

psalmist ('ist), n. a composer of 
psalms, especially of any of the 
Scriptural psalms. 

psalmodist ('o-dist), n. one who 
composes or sings psalms. 

psalmody ('o-di), n. the art or prac- 
tice of singing psalms. 

Pstalter (sawl'ter), n. the Book of 
Psalms ; the Prayer Book version 
of the Psalms. 

psaltery (-i), n. a stringed musical 
instrument, used by the ancient 
Hebrews. 

pseudo, a pre-fix meaning false, spu- 
rious, as psetttZoblepsis, false or de- 
ceptire vision. 

pseudonym (su'do-nim), n, a, ficti- 
tious name. 



pseudoscope ('do-skop), n. an optic- 
al instrument which exhibits bodies 
in reversed relief. 

pslia-w (shaw), inter j. an expression 
of contempt, &c. 

psychical (sfki-kil), adj. pertaining 
to, or connected with, the human 
soul, spirit, or mind; spiritualistic; 
psychological. Also psychic. 

psychogenesis (-ko-jen'e-sis), n. the 
development of mind as given in 
consciousness ; biogenesis regarded 
as resulting from the operation of 
higher agency than natural selection. 

psychology (-kol'o-ji), n. the science 
that treats of mental phenomena, 
and their classification and analy- 
sis ; mental philosophy ; metaphys- 
ics. 

psychological (-loj'i-kal), adj. per- 
taining to psychology. 

psychologically (-li), ddv, in a 
psychological manner. 

psychologist ('o-jist), n. one skilled 
in psychology. 

psychometry (si-kom-'e-tri), n. the 
science of divining mental processes. 

psychophysics (-fiz'iks), n. the sci- 
ence which treats of the correlation 
of mind and matter. 

pteropod (ter'-o-pod), n. an individ- 
ual of the Pteropoda, a class of 
marine cephalopods having the foot 
extended into a pair of wing-like 
lobes adapted for swimming or sail- 
ing. 

Ptolemaic (tol-e-ma'ik), adj. per- 
taining to Ptolemy, the Greek geog- 
rapher and astronomer, or to his 
system of astronomy which supposed 
the earth to be the center or fixed 
point of the universe, and that the 
heavenly bodies moved around it. 

ptomaines (to'ma-inz), n.pl. a class 
of alkaloids of a highly poisonous 
nature, originating in decaying or 
dead matter. 

puberal (pu'ber-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or characteristic of, puberty. 

puberty ('ber-ti), n. the age at which 
the generative powers begin to be de- 
veloped. 

pubescence (-bes'ens), n. the state 
or age of puberty ; soft, short, downy 
hair. 

pubescent Cent), adj. arriving at 



ate, arm, &sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



pul) 



640 



pT% 



the age of puberty; covered with 
soft, downy hairs. 

public (pub'lik), ad}, pertaining to a 
nation, state, or community ; belong- 
ing to the people ; circulating among 
all classes; open; generally known: 
common to all ; open to general use : 
n. the people in general. 

publican ('li-kan), n. one who keeps 
a public-house; among the ancient 
Romans, a farmer of the public rev- 
enues ; a collector of tolls, tribute, or 
customs. 

publication (-li-ka'shun), n. the act 
of publishing or making public ; the 
act of publishing a book, &c. 

public-bouse ('lik-hous), n. an inn; 
tavern ; hotel. 

publicist ('li-sist), n. a writer on in- 
ternational law, or on current events 
of politiiral or social interest. 

publicity ('lis-i-ti), n. the state of 
being public ; notoriety. 

publicly ('lik-li), adv. in a public 
manner. 

publish ('lish), v.i. to make known; 
announce or proclaim ; divulge ; 
print and offer for sale ; put into cir- 
culation. 

puce (pus), adj. dark-brownish pur- 
ple. 

Puck, n. a mischievous sprite or elt. 

pucker ('er), v.t. & v.i. to gather into 
small folds ; wrinkle : n. a small fold 
or wrinkle. 

pudding (pood'ing), n. a soft kind of 
food made of flour and various in- 
gredients ; an intestine stuffed with 
meat, &c. ; quantity of yarns, mat- 
ting, or oakum. 

puddle (pud'l), n. a small pool of 
dirty water ; clay worked together 
with sand : v.t. to make muddy ; ren- 
der watertight with puddle ; convert 
(pig-iron) into wrought-iron. 

pueblo (pweb'lo), n. ipl. pueblos 
('loz)], a building constructed of 
adobe or sun-dried brick by the 
Pueblo Indians of New Mexico. 

puerile (pu'er-il), adj. pertaining to 
children ; juvenile ; boyish ; trifling. 

puerility (-il'i-ti), n. the quality of 
being puerile ; childishness. 

puerperal ('per-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or following, childbirth. 

puff (puf), n. a short quick blast- 



sudden forcible breath ; a fungous 
ball filled with dust ; anything light 
and porous or swollen ; a light kind 
of tart ; exaggerated praise or adver- 
tisement : v.i. to expel air from the 
mouth with a sudden forcible blast ; 
breathe quick and hard ; swell with 
air ; blow in contempt ; move witb 
hurry : v.t, to drive with a puff : 
swell, as with wind ; praise in exag- 
gerated terms. 

puiFer ('er), n. one who puffs; one 
who praises in exaggerated terms ; 
one who is hired to force up bids at 
sales. 

puiHn ('in), n. a diving bird with a 
short thick projecting beak, allied to 
the auk. 

pufHng ('ing), n. exaggerated praise, 
especially with the view to advertise- 
ment ; quick and hard breathing : 
p.adj. praising in exaggerated terms. 

puffiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being puffy. 

pu:ffiy ('i), adj. distended with air or 
other light matter ; windy ; bombas- 
tic; tumid. 

pug (pug), n. a monkey; a small dog 
with the face and nose like a bull- 
dog ; imp or elf ; plastic clay : v.t. 
[pt. & p.p. pugged, p.pr. pugging], 
to line or fill up with plastic clay or 
any other material. 

pug'ging ('ing), n. the act or opera- 
tion of working up clay for bricks ; 
any substance to deaden sound be- 
tween spaces. 

pugb (poo), inter j. an exclamation of 
contempt or disdain. 

pugilism (pti'jil-izm), n. the art or 
practice of boxing or fighting with 
the fists ; prize-fighting. 

pugilist (-ist), n. a prize-fighter; 
boxer. 

pugilistic ('ik), adj. pertaining to 
pugilism. 

pugnacious (pug-na'shus), adj. dis- 
posed to fight ; quarrelsome. 

pugnacity (-nas'i-ti), n. inclination 
to fight ; quarrelsomeness. 

puisne (pu'ne), adj. younger or in- 
ferior in rank : said of judges. 

puissance ( 'is-ans) , n, power ; 
strength. 

puissant (-ant ),«<?/. powerful ; strong. 

puke (puk), v.i. & v.t. to vomit. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, *fcen. 



pid 



641 



^nis 



pule (pul), v.i. to whine. 

pnling (pul'ing), adj. whining. 

pull ( pool ) , v.t. to draw towards one. 

p-allet ('et), n. a young hen. 

pulley ('11), n. a small wheel turning 
about an axis, and having a groove 
in which a rope works. 

pulmonary (pul'mon-er-i), adj. per- 
taining to, or affecting, the lungs. 

pulp (pulp), n. the soft fleshy part of 
bodies, as of fruit ; any soft uniform 



pulinotor(pu]-mo''ter),n. an automatic 
resuscitation apparatus for use in 
cases of poisoning by gases, fumes, 
lysol, etc., drowning, electric shock, 
attempted suicide, collapse in nar- 
cosis, suspended animation, etc.; 
case and mechanism weighs 46-lb.; 
operation consists in forcing oxygen 
from an accompanying cylinder into 
the lungs. 

pulpit (pool'pit), n. an elevated or 
inclosed desk in a church from which 
the sermon is delivered; preachers 
or preaching. 

pulpy (pul'pi), adj. consisting of, or 
like pulp ; soft ; succulent. 

pulque (pool'ka), a favorite Mexican 
beverage made from the juice of the 
agave. 

pulsate (pul'sat), v.i. to throb or 
beat. 

pulsatiou (-sa'shun), n. a throb or 
beat, especially of the heart. 

pulsative ('sa-tiv), adj. beating or 
throbbing. Also pulsatory. 

pulse (puis), n. the rhythmic beating 
of the heart or arteries ; vibration : 
leguminous plants or their seeds, as 
peas, beans, &c. : v.i. to beat or 
throb, as the pulse. 

pulsimeter (pul-sim'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument to ascertain the force or 
movement of the pulse; a sphyg- 
mometer. 

pulsometer (-som'e-ter), n. a kind of 
steam-condensing vacuum pump.- 

pulu (pu'loo), n. a kind of vegetable 
silk obtained from the fibers of a 
fern-tree of Hawaii. 

pulverization (pul-ver-i-za'shun), n. 
the act of pulverizing. 

pulverize ('ver-iz), v.t, to reduce to 
powder. 

puma (pu'ma), n. a large cat-like 



carnivorous animal of America; 
mountain lion. 

pumice (pum'is), n. a hard, light, 
spongy, volcanic lava or rock. Also 
pumice-stone. 

pump (pump), n. a machine for rais- 
ing water or other liquid; a light 
low shoe or slipper : v.t. to raise 
(water or a liquid) by means of a 
pump ; free from water by a pump ; 
extract (information) by artful^ 
questions. 

pum.pkin ('kin), n. a plant of the | 
gourd family and its fruit. 

pun (pun) , n. a play upon words : v.i, 
[p.t. & p.p. punned, p.pr. punning], 
to play upon words similar in sound 
but having a different meaning. 

punch, (punch), n. a tool for stamp- 
ing or perforating; a beverage of 
rum, whisky, &c., water, lemon-juice, 
and sugar ; a blow or thrust ; the 
harlequin or buffoon of a puppet- 
show ; Punchinello ; a short fat per- 
son ; thick-set cart-horse : v.t. to per- 
forate with a punch ; to strike with 
the fist. 

punclieon (pun'chun), n. a liquid 
measure of 84 wine-gallons. 

puncMnello (punch-i-nel'o), n. the 
thick-set, hump-backed figure in a 
puppet-show. 

punctate (pungk'tat), adj. dotted 
with small spots ; pointed. 

punctiform ('ti-form), adj. point- 
shaped. 

punctilio (-til'i-o), n. a nice point in 
conduct or ceremony ; formal exact- 
ness. 

punctilious ('i-us), adj. very nice or 
precise in conduct or ceremony ; ex- 
act to excess. 

punctual Ctu-al), adj. observing, or 
done at, the exact time. 

punctuality (-al'i-ti), n. the quality,, 
of being punctual ; the characteristic / 
of keeping the exact time of an ap- ' 
pointment or engagement. 

punctually ('tti-al-i), adv. in ai 
punctual manner. 

punctuate ('tu-at), v.t. to mark withJ 
points; divide into sentences by 
points. 

punctuation (-a'shun) , n. the act ofi 
art of dividing sentences by pointai 
or stops. 



Ute, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not: booog 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ptm 



642 



•pmx 



puncture ('tOr), n. a small hole or 
wound made by a pointed instru- 
ment : v.t. to make a hole in, or 
pierce, with a pointed instrument. 

pundit (pun'dit), n. a learned Brah- 
man ; one versed in the Sanskrit lan- 
guage, laws, and Hindu religion, 
&c. ; a solemn pretender to learning. 
Also pandit. 

puaig (pung), n. a rough sleigh. 

puiigent (pun'jent), adj. stinging or 
pricking ; piercing ; keen ; biting ; 
sarcastic ; caustic. 

I*u2iic (pu'nik), adj. pertaining to the 
Carthaginians, or to their language ; 
treacherous ; perfidious. 

punish, (pun'ish), v.t. to cause loss 
or pain to as a penalty for a crime 
or fault ; chastise ; correct. 

punishment (-ment), n. pain, loss, 
or penalty, inflicted for a crime or 
fault. 

punitive (pun'i-tiv), adj. pertaining 
to, or inflicting, punishment. 

punster (pun'ster), n. one addicted 
to, or skilled in, punning. 

punt (punt), n. a flat-bottomed boat 
for fishing : v.i. to play basset, om- 
ber, or faro against the banker or 
dealer. 

puny (pti'ni), adj. [comp. punier, su- 
perl. puniest], inferior in strength 
or size ; weak ; feeble ; petty. 

pupa (pu'pa), n. [pi. pupae ('pe)], a 
chrysalis. 

pupil Cpil), n. a young person who 
is under the care of a tutor ; scholar ; 
ward; in law, a boy or girl under 
the age or puberty (14 and 12 years 
respectively) ; the opening in the 
iris through which rays of light pass 
to the retina. 

puppet (pup'et), n. a small doll or 
image, especially one moved by wires 
in a mock drama ; one who is under 
the influence and control of another. 

puppy i'i), n. a. whelp ; young dog ; a 
conceited young man. 

purblind (per'blind), adj, seeing ob- 
scurely. 

purchase (per'chas), v.t. to obtain 
by paying an equivalent ; acquire ; 
buy ; expiate or recompense by a fine 
or forfeit ; obtain at the expense of 
some sacrifice, labor, &c. ; move or 
raise by the application of some me- 



chanical power: n. the act of pur- 
chasing ; thing purchased or bought ; 
mechanical advantage. 

pure (pur), adj. [comp. purer, superl, 
purest], free from moral or physical 
defilement ; chaste ; unpolluted ; una- 
dulterated ; clean ; holy ; real ; mere ; 
absolute. 

purely ('li), adv. in a pure manner; 
absolutely. 

pureness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being pure. 

purgation (-ga'shun), n. the act of 
purging; the act of clearing from 
imputed guilt. 

purgative ('ga-tiv), adj. serving to 
purge. 

purgatorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to purgatory. 

purgatory (per'ga-to-ri), n. in the 
Roman Catholic Church, the state 
after death in which the souls of the 
faithful departed are purified from 
venial sins by suffering : adj. cleans- 
ing ; expiatory. 

purge (perj), v.t. to cleanse or free 
from impurities or guilt ; make clear 
or pure ; clear from accusation ; de- 
fecate : v.i. to have frequent evacua- 
tions : n. a cathartic medicine. 

purging ('ing), n. diarrhea or dysen- 
tery ; looseness of the bowels. 

purification ( pti-ri-fi-ka'shun ) , n. the 
act of purifying ; state of being puri- 
fied ; ceremonial cleansing from guilt 
or uncleanness. 

purificative (pti'ri-fi-ka-tiv), adj. 
able or tending to purify. Also puri- 
ficatory. 

purifier ('ri-fi-er), n, one who, or 
that which, purifies. 

puriform ('ri-form), adj. like pus. 

purify ('ri-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.t. puri- 
fied, p.pr. purifying], to render pure ; 
free from guilt or ceremonial un- 
cleanness ; free from impurities, cor- 
ruptions, or barbarisms. 

Purim ('rim), n. a Jewish feast 
(Feast of Lots) observed annually 
to commemorate the deliverance of 
the Jews (Esther ix.). 

purism ('rizm), n. affectation in the 
precise use of words in literary 
style. 

purist (pur'ist), n. one who is scru- 
pulously precise in matters of lit- 



fite, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, BOt; booiXj 
book ; hue, hut ; think, theiu 



par 



643 



pug 



erarj stjie or tl^ dioioe of correct 
words. 
pnsdstic (-is'tik), adj, pertaining to 

purisiiu 
Puritan ('i-tan), n, one who pro- 
fesses great purity in religious doc- 
trine and practice, especially one of 
a body of Nonconformists in the 
16th and 17th centuries who insisted 
on rigid adherence to the letter of 
Scriptui-e in points of doctrine and 
practice : adj. pertaining to the Puri- 
tans or their doctrine or practice. 
Also puritanic, puritanical. 

puritanically (-tan'i-kal-i), adv. af- 
ter the manner of the Puritans. 

Puritanism ('i-tan-izm), n. the doc- 
trines and practices of the Puritans. 

purity ('i-ti), n. the state or quality 
of being pure ; chastity ; cleanness ; 
freedom from adulteration; freedom 
from sinister motives, foreign idioms, 
or barbarisms. 

pnrl (perl), n. a warm spiced ale, or 
gin ; an embroidered or puckered 
border ; a suitch in knitting; the con- 
tinued murmuring sound of a shal- 
low stream : v.t. to fringe or embroi- 
der with a waved edging ; invert 
(stitches) in knitting: v.i. to ripple 
or flow with a gentle murmur. 

purlieus (per'luz), n.pl. adjacent dis- 
tricts. 

purlin Clin), n. a piece of timber ly- 
ing horizontally to support rafters. 
Also purline. 

purloin (-loin'), v.t. to steal. 

purple Cpl), adj. of the color of 
blended blue and red ; regal ; livid ; 
dyed with blood : n. purple color ; 
purple robe, originally worn only by 
royalty ; imperial government ; car- 
dinalate : v.t. to render, or dye, pur- 
ple. 

purport ('port), n. meaning; design; 
signification : v.t. to mean or signify. 

purpose ('pus), n. design; end or 
aim desired : v.t. to intend or re- 
solve; design: v.i. to have an inten- 
tion. 

purposeful (-fool), adj. expressly in- 
tended. 

purposely (-li), adv. intentionally. 

purr (per), n. the low murmuring of 
a cat when pleased: v.t. to signify 



by purring : v.i. utter a low murmur- 
ing sound. 
purse (pers), n. a small bag or recep- 
tacle for money ; sum of money ; 
treasury: v.t. to pucker or wrinkle, 
purser ('er), n. a commissioned offi- 
cer having charge of the provisions^ 
clothing, and money of a ship ; pay- 
master. 
purslane ('Ian), n. an annual with 

succulent fleshy leaves. 
pursuant (per-sti'ant),) adj. done in- 
consequence or in prosecution of 
anything; agreeable: adv. in conse- 
quence of. 
pursue (-sti'), v.t. to follow for some 
end ; take and proceed in ; prose- 
cute; chase; seek: v.i. to go on or 
continue. 
pursuer ('er), n. one who pursues. 
pursuit (-suf), n. the act of pursu- 
ing ; prosecution ; chase ; occupation ; 
attainment. 
pursuivant ('swi-vant), n. an at- 
tendant or follower; state messen- 
ger. 
pursy ('si), adj. fat, thick, and short- 
winded ; asthmatical. 
purulence (pti'roo-lens), n. genera- 
tion of pus. 
purulent (-lent), adj. consisting of, 

or containing, pus. 
purvey (per-va'), v.t. to provide; 
procure : v.i. to purchase provisions. 
purveyance ('ans), n. the procuring 
of provisions ; provisions provided ; 
the right formerly accorded to roy- 
alty of buying up provisions without 
the owner's consent. 
purveyor ('er), n. one who provides 

provisions. 
purvie-w ('vu), n. extent; proviso; 

body of a statute. 
pus (pus), n. the white or yellowish- 
white matter secreted in sores, &c. 
pusk (poosh), v.t. to press against 
with force ; urge forward ; drive by 
pressure : v.i. to make a thrust or 
effort ; press hard : n. a thrust ; 
force applied ; effort ; assault ; exi- 
gence ; extremity ; persistent endeav- 
or ; pustule or pimple. 
pushing ('ing), adj. enterprising; en- 
ergetic. 
pusillanimity (pu-sil-a-nim'i-ti), n, 
cowardice. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 

book; hue, hut; think, tJiQU, 



pns 



644 



py« 



nnsillanimous (-an'i-mus) , adj. cow- 
ardly ; mean-spirited ; faint-hearted. 

puss (poos), n. a cat: hare. Diminu- 
tive pussy. 

pustular (pus'tu-lar), adj. covered 
with glandular pustule-like excres- 
cence. Pustulate. 

pustule ('till), n. a small elevation of 
the skin, or pimple containing pus. 

put (poot), v.t. to place in, or bring 
into, any state or condition ; cause ; 
drive into action ; incite ; propose ; 
apply; lay or deposit; throw in; 
state in language ; shoot out or send 
forth ; in golf, to drive into a hole 
with a short, careful stroke (put). 
[p.t. & p.p. putting] : n. (put) in 
golf, a short, careful stroke. 

putative (pu'ta-tiv), adj. reputed. 

putlog (poot'log), n. a short piece of 
timber used for a bricklayer's plat- 
form or in scaffolding. 

putrefaction (pu-tre-fak'shun), n. 
the act or process of putrefying ; 
decomposition ; rottenness. 

putrefactive ('tiv), adj. pertaining 
to, or tending to, putrefaction. 

putrefy ('tre-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
putrified, p.pr. putrefying], to cause 
to rot or decay by the decomposition 
of organic bodies ; rot ; corrupt : v.i. 
to become putrid. 

putrescence (-tres'ens), n. a putrid 
state. 

putrescent Cent), adj. pertaining to 
putrefaction ; becoming rotten. 

putrescible ('i-bl), adj. liable, or 
tending, to become putrid. 

putridity (-trid'i-ti), n. putrid state. 
Also putridness. 

putter (put'er), n. in golf, a club 
used for playing a short, careful 
stroke. 

puttock Cok), a hawk or kite. 

putty ('i), n. an oxide of tin, or of 
lead and tin, used for polishing; a 
compound of whiting and linseed- 
oil used in glazing : v.t. Ip.t. & p.p. 
puttied, p.pr. puttying], to cement 
with putty. 

puzzle (puz'l), M. something that tries 
the ingenuity, perplexes, or causes 
embarrassment : v.i. to he puzzled : 
v.t. to perplex ; entangle. 

pyemia, pyaemia (pi-e'mi-a), n. 
blood-poisoning. 



pygmean (pig-me'an), adj. dwarfish. 

Fygmy ('mi), n. one of the fabled 
dwarfish races near the ocean who 
waged war with the cranes ; one of a 
small race mentioned by Herodotus, 
and found in Central Africa by H. 
M. Stanley, the explorer. Also 
Pigmy. 

pyjamas, same as pajamas. 

pyjion (pe-l6ng), n. one of a series of 
towers erected on the field of an 
aerodrome to mark the course and 
guide the aviators in record flights 
and races. 

pyloric (pi-lor'ik), adj. pertaining to 
the pylorus. 

pylorus (-lo'rus), n. the lower and 
right opening of the stomach leading 
to the small intestines. 

pyr, a prefix, meaning fire. Also 
pyro, as pyra.ca.nth, a plant with 
flame-colored flowers ; pyrosco^e, an 
instrument for measuring the inten- 
sity of radiating heat. 

pyramid (pir'a-mid), n. a solid body 
standing on a triangular, square, or 
polygonal base, having its triangu- 
lar sides terminating in a point at 
the apex : pi. sepulchral monuments 
of such shape, as in Egypt ; a game 
at billiards. 

pyramidal (-am'i-dal), adj. shaped 
like a pyramid. Also pyramidic, 
pyramidical. 

pyre (pir), n. a funeral pile. 

pyrites (pi-ri'tez), n. a native com- 
pound of sulphur with iron, copper, 
&c. 

pyro, see pyr. 

pyrocollodion (pi-ri-kol-lo'di-un), n. 
a smokeless powder, used by Rus- 
sia. 

pyro-electric (-ro-e-Iek'trik), adj. 
becoming electric by the action of 
heat. 

pyromania (pi-ro-ma'ni-a), n. an in- 
sane impulse to destroy by fire. 

pyrometer (pi-rom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring the temper- 
ature or expansion of bodies under 
the influence of heat. 

pyroscope, see under pyr. 

pyroteclinic (pi-ro-tek'nik) , adj. per- 
taining to fireworks or the art of 
making them. 

pyroteclinics ('niks), n. fireworks 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think. #7/en. 



t»yr 



645 



pyx 



Also 



or the art of making them, 
pyrotechny. 

pyroteclmist ('nist), n. one skilled 
in the manufacture of fireworks. 

pyroxyline (-roks'i-lin), n. any ex- 
plosive substance made by steeping 
a vegetable fiber in nitric or nitro- 
sulphuric acid and drying it after 
washing it with water. Pyroxyle. 

Pyrrhic (pir'ik),n. a metrical foot of 
two syllables ; an ancient Greek mil- 
itary dance : adj. pertaining to such 
a dance. 

Pythian (pith'i-an), adj. pertaining 
to Delphi, or to Apollo, or to the 
priestess (pythoness) at Delphi. 

Pythian games (gamz), n.jjl. one of 
the four great national games of an- 
cient Greece, celebrated every 5th 
year near Delphi, in honor of Apollo. 

pythogenic (pi-tho-jen'ik), adj. pro- 
duced by filth or putrid matter, as 
typhoid fever, &c. 



Python ('thon), n. a genus of large 
serpents ; the serpent or dragon slain 
by Apollo. 

python ('thon), n. a large non-ven- 
omous serpent nearly allied to the 
boa. 

pythoness ('thon-es), n. the priestess 
of Apollo, who gave oracular answers 
at the temple of Delphi ; a witch. 

pythonic (-thon'ik), adj. pertaining 
to prophecy ; oracular. 

pythonism (pith'o-nizm), n. the art 
of predicting future events by divina- 
tion, after the manner of the ancient 
oracle at Delphi. 

pys (piks), n. in the Roman Catholic 
Church, the box or receptacle in 
which the consecrated wafer or host 
is placed ; the box in which selected 
coins are placed at the mint to be 
tested prior to their issue as cur- 
rency. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awi ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 




quack (kwak), n. the cry of the 
duck ; a pretender to medical skill ; 
charlatan : v.i. to cry like a duck.: to 
act or practice like a quack : adj. 
pertaining to quacks or quackery. 

quackery ('er-i), n. boastful preten- 
sion to skill in medicine; false pre- 
tensions to any art ; imposture ; em- 
piricism. 

quackisk ('ish), adj, like a quack. 

quad (kwod), n. the court of a col- 
lege, prison, &c. ; a quadrat. 

quadra ('ra), n. a square border or 
fillet of an Ionian column. Prefix 
meaning four. Also quadr, quadri, 
quadru. 

Quadragesixaa (-ra-jes'i-mS.), n. 
Lent. 

Quadragesima Suudaj- (sun'da),n. 
the first Sunday in Lent. 

quadragesimal ('i-mal), adj. per- 
taining to, or used in, Lent. 

quadrangle ('rang-gl), n. an open 
square surrounded by buildings ; a 
plane figure with 4 angles and 4 
sides. 

quadrangular ('gu-lar), adj. having 
the form of a quadrangle. 

quadrant ('rant), n. the 4th part of 
a circle, an arc of 90° ; an instru- 
ment for taking elevations ; an in- 
strument for elevating cannon. 

quadrat ('rat), n. a piece of type 
metal lower than the type, used to 
fill void spaces in a line, pages, &c. 

quadrate ('rat), adj. having 4 equal 
sides and 4 right angles ; raised to 
the second power; noting an aspect 
of the heavenly bodies in which they 
are distant 90° from each other : v.t. 
& '>^-i' to square ; fit or correspond. 

ate, arm, 



quadratic (-rat'ik), adj. pertaining 

to, or involving, a square. 

quadrature ('ra-ttir), n. the act of 
squaring ; the reduction of a figure 
to a square, exactly or approximate- 
ly ; the position of a heavenly body 
when distant 90° from another : said 
especially of the position of the 
moon from the sun. 

quadrennial (-ren'i-al), adj. com- 
prising, or occurring, every 4 years. 

quadrennially (-11), adv. once in 4 
years. 

quadrilateral (-ri-lat'er-al), n. a 
plane figure with 4 sides and 4 an- 
gles ; the area inclosed and defended 
by four fortresses. 

quadrille (ka- or kwa-dril'), n. a 
dance by four sets of couples ; a 
game at cards played by four per- 
sons. 

quadrillion (kwod-ril'yun), n. in the 
French system of numeration, fol- 
lowed in the United States, a thou- 
sand trillions ; in the English sys- 
tem, the fourth power of a million, 
or 1 followed by 24 ciphers. 

quadroon (roon'), n. the offspring of 
a mulatto and a white. 

Quadrumana (-roo'ma-na), n.pl. an 
order of mammalia, including the 
monkey, &c. 

quadrumanous ('mi-nus), adj. hav- 
ing 4 hands. 

quadruped ('roo-ped), n. a four- 
footed animal : adj. four-footed. 

quadruple (ro6-pl), adj. four-fold: 
n. a sum or quantity four times as 
great as that taken as the standard : 
v.t. to multiply by four : v.i. to in- 
crease four-fold. 

qusestor (kwes'ter), n. in ancient 



£, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then, 

646 



qtia 



64T 



qua 



Rome, the public treasurer ; in cer- 
tain legislative assembles, an officer 
in charge. Also questor. 

quaff (kwaf), v.t. to drink or swal- 
low in large quantities : v.i. to drink 
luxuriously. 

qnagga (kwag'a), n. a South Afri- 
can quadruped allied to the ass and 
zebra. 

quagmire (kwag'mir), n. wet, boggy 
ground yielding under the feet. 

qnail (kwal), -y.*. to sink in spirit or 
by dejection ; lose heart ; cower : n. a 
gallinaceous bird, allied to the par- 
tridge. 

quaint (kwant), €dj. singular and 
antique ; not expressed or shown in 
the usual way ; odd ; neat. 

quake (kwak), v.i. to tremble or 
shake ; be agitated : n. a tremble or 
shudder. 

Quaker ('er), n. one of a religious 
sect, the Society of Friends, founded 
by Geo. Fox. Feminine Quakeress. 

Quaker-gun. (-gun), n. a wooden 
gun mounted to deceive an enemy. 

quaking ('ing), adj. trembling; shak- 
ing : n. a shaking or tremor. 

quakiness ('i-nes), n. shakiness. 

quakj ('i), adj. shaky. 

qualifiable (kwal'i-fi-a-bl), adj. that 
may be qualified. 

qualifieation (-fi-ka'shun), n. nny 
quality, endowment, or acquirement 
which fits a person for any office or 
occupation ; legal power or ability ; 
limitation ; restriction. 

qualificative ('i-fi-ka-tiv), adj. serv- 
ing to qualify. 

quali&er ('i-fl-er), n. one who, or 
that which, qualifies. 

qualify ('i-fi)., v.t. [p.t. & p.p. qual- 
ified, p.pr. qualifying], to render fit 
or capable for any office, occupation, 
&c. ; render legally capable ; make 
fit ; moderate ; limit : v.i. to become 
qualified. 

qualitative ('i-ta-tiv), adj. pertain- 
ing to quality ; determining the na- 
ture of component parts. 

quality ('i-ti), n. [pi. qualities 
(-tiz) ], peculiar power or property ; 
attribute ; disposition ; rank ; supe- 
rior birth. 

qualm (kwam), n, a sudden fit of 
sickness; nausea; scruple. 



quamash (kwa-mash'), n. an escu- 
lent bulb eaten by the North Amer- 
ican Indians. Also camass. 

quandary (kwon'da-ri), n. a state of 
difficulty or perplexity ; fix. 

quantitative ('ti-ta-tiv), adj. per- 
taining to quantity. Also quantitive. 

quantify ('ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
quantified, p.pr. quantifying], to in- 
dicate the quantity or extent of. 

quantity ('ti-ti), n. that property of 
anything that may be increased or 
diminished ; any indeterminate bulk, 
weight, or number ; large portion, 
sum, or mass ; the measure of time 
in pronouncing a syllable ; anything 
that can be increased, divided, or 
measured; in logic, a general con- 
ception. 

quantivalence (-tiv'^-lens), n. the 
combining power of an atom as com- 
pared with hydrogen. 

quantum ('tum), n. amount (Latin). 

quarantine (kwor'an-ten), n. the 
time (usually 40 days) during which 
a vessel from foreign parts suspected 
of infectious disease is prohibited 
from intercourse with the shore : v.t. 
to place under quarantine. 

quarrel ('el), n. an angry dispute; 
petty fight ; altercation ; ground of 
dispute ; a square-headed arrow : v.L 
to dispute violently ; be at variance ; 
disagree. 

quarrelsome (-sum), adj. inclined 
to quarrel ; contentious ; ea,sily pro- 
voked ; irascible. 

quarried ('id), p.adj. dug from the 
quarry. 

quarrier ('i-er), n. one who works 
in a quarry. 

quarry ( 'i ) , n. a place where stone is 
dug out for building purposes, &c. ; 
game pursued by hawks or hounds : 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p. quarried, p.pr. quar- 
rying], to dig or take from a quarry. 

quarryman, same as quarrier. 

quart (kwort), n. 2 pints, or l-4th 
of a gallon ; a sequence of 4 cards 
in the game of piquet. 

quartan (kwor'tan), adj. occurring 
every fourth day, as ague, &c. 

quarte (kart), n. a guard in fencing. 

quarter (kwor'ter), n. the 4th part; 
28 lbs. avoirdupois ; 8 bushels ; the 
4th part of the moon's monthly 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



qua 



648 



qne 



revolution; part of the globe; par- 
ticular county, region, or district ; 
life granted to a captive or enemy ; 
mercy ; after-part of a ship's side ; 
one of the 4 points of the compass ; 
in heraldry, one of the divisions of 
a shield when divided crosswise : pt. 
lodgings, especially for soldiers : v.t. 
to divide into four equal parts ; fur- 
nish with lodgings, as soldiers ; sta- 
tion ; bear as an appendage to he- 
reditary arms. 

quarter day (da), n. the day begin- 
ning or ending each quarter of the 
year, viz. : March 25, June 24, Sept. 
29, Dec. 25, when payments of rent, 
&c., are made. 

quarter-deck (-dek),w. that part of 
a ship which is abaft the mainmast. 

quartered ('terd), p.adj. divided into 
quarters ; stationed or lodged. 

quartering (-ing), n, assignment of 
quarters ; the division of a shield 
containing many coats. 

quarterly ('li), adj. consisting of, or 
containing, a quarter : adv. once 
each quarter of the year : n. a pub- 
lication issued every quarter. 

quartermaaster ('ter-mas-ter), n. an 
officer whose duty it is to assign 
quarters and provide food, clothing, 
forage, ammunition, &c., for a regi- 
ment ; in the navy, a petty officer 
who attends to the steerage, signals, 
stowage, &c., of ships. 

quartern ('tern), n. l-4th of a pint, 
or of a bushel ; gill. 

quarter-staff (-staf), n. a staff 61^ 
feet long and shod with iron, for- 
merly used as a weapon of defense. 

quartet (-tef), n. anything in fours; 
musical composition in 4 parts for 
4 voices or instruments. Also quar- 
tette. 

quarto ('to), w. [pi. quartos ('t6z)l, 
a book having the sheet folded into 
4 leaves. AMreviated 4to. : adj. 
having 4 leaves in a sheet. 

quartz (kworts), n. a mineral com- 
pound of pure silica. 

quartzite ('it), n. quartz rock 

quash ( kwosh ) , v.t. to crush ; subdue 
suddenly or completely ; annul. 

quasi, a prefix meaning as it were, 
apparently, nearly. 

quassia (kwosh'i-a), n. a South 



American tree yielding bark and 
wood of excessive bitterness. 

quatern (kwa'tern), adj. fourfold; 
growing in fours. 

quaternion (-ter'ni-on), n. the num- 
ber 4 ; set of 4 ; a file of 4 soldiers : 
pi. a. calculus or method of mathe- 
matical investigation. 

quatrefoil (kii'tr-foil), n. in herald- 
ry, four-leaved gra^s ; an ornamental 
figure in architectural tracery di- 
vided by cusps into 4 leaves. 

quaver (kwa'ver), v.t. to shake or 
tremble ; vibrate ; sing or play with 
tremulous modulations : n. a vibra- 
tion of the voice ; a musical note, 
one-half a crotchet. 

quay (ke), n. a wharf for loading or 
unloading vessels. 

quean ( kwen ) , w. a worthless woman, 

queasy (kwe'zi), adj, affected with, 
or causing, nausea. 

queen (kwen), n. a female sovereign; 
consort of a king; sovereign of a 
swarm of bees (queen-bee) ; a court 
card with the figure of a queen ; a 
piece in chess ; the best or chief of 
her kind : v.i. to play the queen : v.t. 
in chess, to make a queen of. 

queen consort (kon'sort), n. the 
wife of a reigning king.^ 

queen dowager (dou'a-jer), n. the 
widow of a king. 

queenliness ('li-nes'), n. queenly 
character or attributes. 

queenly ('li), adj. like, or befitting, 
a queen. 

queen-post ('post), n. one of ^ two 
vertical timbers in a roof rising 
from the tie-beam. 

queen regnant (reg'nant), n. a 
queen in her own right. 

queen's counsel (-z-koun'sel), n. a 
barrister holding a patent of preced- 
ence from the queen. 

queen's-metal (-met'al), n. an alloy 
of tin, antimony, lead, and bismuth. 

queen's-ware ('war), n. cream-col- 
ored earthenware. 

queer (kwer), adj. odd; singular; 
droll ; strange ; out of health. 

quell (kwel), v.t. to crush or sub- 
due ; put an end to ; calm ; allay. 

quench (kwench), v.t. to put out or 
extinguish ; check ; allay. 

querimonious (kwer-i-mo'ni-us) , adj. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, but; think, thtn. 



qne 6^ 

complaining ; querulous ; discon- 
tented. 

querist (kwe'rist), n. one who asks 
questipns. 

querl (kwerl), -y.*. to coil. 

querulous (kwer'oo-lus), adj. com- 
plaining ; discontented. 

query (kwe'ri), n. a question; an in- 
quiry to be resolved ; a mark of in- 
terrogation : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. queried, 
p.pr. querying], to examine by ques- 
tions ; doubt ; mark with a query : 
v.i. to ask questions. 

quest (kwest), n. search; inquiry; 
jury of inquest: v.t. to search or 
seek for. 

question (kwes'chun) , n. an inquiry ; 
act of asking ; interrogation ; doubt ; 
subject of discussion ; examination 
by torture : v.t. to ask or interro- 
gate ; examine by questions ; treat 
as doubtful : v.i. to ask a question. 

questionability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being questiona- 
ble. Also questionableness. 

questionable (-a-bl), adj. that may 
be questioned ; doubtful ; suspicious. 

questionably (-a-bli), adv. in a 
questionable manner. 

questor, same as quaestor. 

quetzal (kwet'zal), n. an American 
bird of paradise. 

queue (ku), n. the tail of a wig. 

quibble (kwib'l), n. a petty evasion 
or cavil ; play on words : v.i. to 
evade the truth by artifice or eva- 
sion ; play on words. 

quibbling ('ling), n. evasion. 

quick (kwik), adj. rapid; hasty; 
active ; nimble ; ready ; sharp in dis- 
cernment ; sprightly ; precipitate ; 
living ; pregnant : adv. quickly : n. 
the living flesh ; sensitive parts ; a 
hedge of growing shrubs. 

quichen ('en), v.i. to impart life; 
vivify ; show signs of life in the 
womb : v.t. increase the speed of ; 
to resuscitate ; stimulate ; cheer.^ 

quickening ('ning), adj. vivifying. 

quicklime ('lim), n. lime burnt and 
unslaked. 

quickly ('li), adv. soon; swiftly. 

quickness ('nes), n. speed; activity; 
activeness of perception. 

quicksand ('sand), n. sand easily 
moved or readily yielding to pres- 



^ qid 

sure ; anything unreliable or treach- 
erous. 

quickset ('set), n. a living shrub, 
especially the hawthorn, set to grow, 
as for a hedge. 

quicksilver ('sil-ver), n. fluid mer- 
cury : v.t. to overlay with an amal- 
gam of mercury and tin-foil. 

quid (kwid), n. a plug of tobacco 
for chewing ; a sovereign. 

quiddity ('i-ti), n. [pZ. quiddities 
(-tiz)], the essence of anything; a 
trifling nicety ; captious question. 

quidnunc ('nungk), n. one who is 
curious to know everything that 
passes ; one who pretends to a 
knowledge of current events. 

quiesce (kwi-es'), v.i. to be silent. 

quiescence ('ens), n. repose or rest; 
mental quietude. Also quiescency. 

quiescent ('ent), adj. reposing or 
resting ; calm ; silent. 

quiet (kwi'et), adj. free from mo- 
tion, disturbance, or alarm ; still ; 
calm ; peaceable ; gentle ; secluded ; 
subdued and modest ; not showy : 
v.t. to calm or pacify ; reduce to a 
state of rest : v.i. to become quiet. 

quietude ('et-tid), n. repose; tran- 
quillity. 

quietus (-e'tus), n. rest; death; final 
settlement or discharge ; heavy blow. 

quill (kwil), n. the large strong 
feather of a bird's wing ; such feath- 
er used as a pen; a porcupine's 
spine ; a weaver's spindle : v.t. to 
plait or form with small quill-like 
ridges. 

quilt (kwilt), n. a kind of coverlet 
or counterpane : v.t. to stitch to- 
gether, as two pieces of cloth, &c., 
with a soft material between. 

quilting ('ing), n. the act or process 
of making a quilt; material for 
quilting; quilted work. 

quinary (kwi'na-ri), adj. consisting 
of, or arranged in, fives. 

quinine (kwin'en or kwi'nin), n. an 
alkaline substance obtained from the 
bark of the Chinchona tree : used as 
a febrifuge and tonic. 

quinquagesima (-kwa-jes'i-ma), adjo 
fiftieth. 

Quinquagesima Sunday (sun'da), 
n. the Sunday next before Lent. 

quinque, a prefise meaning five, as 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



qnx 



650 



qur 



quinquevQvae, a galley with five 
banks of oars. 

qninqneniiial (-kwen'i-§.l), 0(Z/. re- 
curring once in, or lasting, five 
years. 

quinsy ('zi), n. inflammation of the 
tonsils of the throat. 

quint (kwint), n. a set or sequence 
of five. • 

quintal ('til), n. a weight of 100 or 
112 lbs. 

qnintan ('tan), adj, recurring every 
fifth day: n. an intermittent fever 
which recurs thus. 

quintessence (kwin-tes'ens), n. the 
pure concentrated essence of any- 
thing; vital or essential part. 

quintet (-tet'), n. a musical compo- 
sition in five obligate parts. Also 
quintette, quintetto. 

quintillion (-til'yun), n. in the 
French system of enumeration, fol- 
lowed in the United States, a thou- 
sand quadrillions ; in the English 
system, a million raised to the fifth 
power, expressed by a unit followed 
by thirty ciphers. 

quintuple ('tu-pl), v.t. to make five- 
fold : adj. fivefold. 

quip (kwip), n. a short sarcastic turn 
or retort; jeer: v.i. [p.t. &^p.p, 
quipped, p.pr. quipping], to scoff; 
jeer. 

quire (kwir), n. 24 sheets; an obso- 
lete form of choir. 

Quis-inal (kwi-ri'nal), n. at Rome, 
the royal palace. 

Quirites (-ri'tez), n.pl. the ancient 
Romans in their civil capacity. 

quirk (kwerk), n. an artful evasion; 
subterfuge; quibble; smart retort; 
a light irregular air or melody. 

quit (kwit), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. quit or 
quitted, p.pr. quitting], to depart 
from; discharge (an obligation); 
give up ; forsake : adj. set free. 

quitcL. (kwich), n. couch-grass. 

quittance (kwit'ans), n, discharge 
from a debt, service, or obligation. 

quite (kwitj, adj. wholly; complete- 
ly. 

quiver (kwiv'er), n. a case for ar- 
rows; a trembling or shivering: v.i. 
to tremble, shake, or shiver. 



quixotic (kwiks-ot'ik), adj. chival- 
rous or romantic to extravagance: 
from Don Quixote, the hero of Cer- 
vantes' romance. 

quixotically (-al-li), adv. in a quix- 
otic manner. 

quiz (kwiz), n. an enigma or obscure 
question designed to puzzle anyone; 
one who quizzes others : v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. quizzed, p.pr. quizzing], to puz- 
zle ; make fun of ; banter ; hoax ; 
examine narrowly with an air of 
mockery ; peer at. 

quizzical ('i-kal), adj. given to, or 
of the nature of, quizzing ; comical. 

quod (kwod), n. a quadrangle; 
prison. 

quodlibet ('li-bet), n. a nice point 
or subtlety. 

quoif, same as coif. 

quoiffure, same as coiffure. 

quoin (koin), n. a wedge used to sup- 
port and steady a stone ; external 
angle of a building ; a wedge of wood 
or metal to elevate a gun ; wedge- 
shaped wooden block to tighten the 
pages of type within the chase. 

quoit (kwoit), n. a circular ring of 
iron to be pitched at a fixed object : 
pi. the game thus played. 

quondam, (kwon'dam), adj. former 
[Latin]. 

quorum (kwo'rum), n. the number 
of members of a body or corporation 
competent to transact business by 
law or constitution. 

quota (kwo'ta), n. the part or share 
assigned to each. 

quotation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
quoting ; that which is quoted ; cur- 
rent price. 

quote (kwot), v.t. to adduce (a pas- 
sage) from some author or speaker, 
for authority or illustration ; give 
the current price of. 

quoth (kwoth), v.t. said. 

quotlxa ('a), inter j. indeed! 

quotidian (kwo-tid'i-an), adj. recur- 
ring daily. 

quotient ('shent), n. the number re- 
sulting from the division of one 
number by another. 

quotum Ctum), n. share; proportion. 

Quran, another form of Koran. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; bodily 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




araad (rad), n. a legislative assembly 
[South Africa]. 

rabbet (rab'et), n. sl groove cut longi- 
tudinally in the edge of a plank, 
&c., so that another may fit into 
it : v.t. to groove and unite by a rab- 
bet. 

rabbi ('i or 'i)^ii. [pi. rabbis ('iz)], 
a Jewish doctor or interpreter of the 
law. Also rabbin. 

rabbinic (-in'ik), adj. pertaining to 
the rabbis, their doctrines, learning, 
and language. Also rabbinical, n, 
later Hebrew. 

rabbinism ('in-izm), n. rabbinic 
phraseology. 

rabbinist ('in-ist), n. one who ad- 
heres to the Talmud and the rab- 
binic traditions. Also rabbinite. 

rabbit ('it), n. a burrowing rodent 
animal, esteemed for food and its 
fur. 

rabbit-ivarrem (-wor'en), n. a place 
where rabbits burrow and breed. 

rabble ( '1 ) , n. a noisy crowd or mob, 
especially of the lower orders. 

rabid ('id), adj. mad; enthusiastic 
to excess. 

rabboui (ra-b5'ni), n. my master: 
the highest title of distinction 
among the ancient Jews. 

rabies (ra'bi-ez), n, canine madness; 
madness caused by the bite of a 
dog ; hydrophobia. 

raca (ra'ka), adj. worthless: a term 
of great contempt among the ancient 
Jews. 

raccoon (rak-oon'), n. a badger-like 
animal of North America with a 
valuable fur. Also racoon. 

race (ras), n. a rapid course, as of 
an animal or river ; contest of 



speed; career: descent or lineage; 
breed or variety; peculiar strength 
or flavor ; root : pi. horseraces : v.i. 
to run swiftly ; contend in running : 
v.t. to cause to contend in a race. 

raceme (ra-sem'), n. a flower cluster. 

racemose (ras'e-mos), adj. growing 
in racemes. 

racial (ra'sial), adj. pertaining to 
race or lineage. 

racily ('si-li), adv. in a racy manner. 

raciness (-nes), n. the state or quali- 
ty of being racy. 

rack (rak), n. an instrument for 
stretching or straining ; an engine 
for stretching the limbs to extort a 
confession ; a frame in which arti- 
cles are arranged ; a grating above a 
manger for holding hay ; a straight 
toothed bar working in the pinions 
of a wheel ; an inclined plane on 
which ore is washed and separated ; 
thin, broken, vapory clouds ; entire 
ruin : v.t. to stretch or strain forci- 
bly on, or as on, the rack ; torture ; 
wrest ; perplex ; exhaust ; decant or 
strain off. 

racket ('et), n. a clattering noise; 
a network bat used in tennis ; a 
snow-shoe : pi. tennis : v.i. to make a 
clattering noise ; frolic ; play tennis : 
v.t. to strike, as with a racket. 

racketing (-ing), n. noisy, confused 
mirth. 

racking-pace ('ing-pas), n. the pace 
of a horse somewhat quicker and 
shorter than an amble. 

rack-rent ('rent), n. rent raised to 
its utmost value. 

racoon, same as raccoon. 

racquet, another form of racket. 



•ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrtb, not; bOOni 
book ; hiie, hut ; think, then. 



651 



652 



rag 



tacy (ra'si), adj. having a strong fla- 
vor ; mentally exciting ; piquant. 

raddle (rad'l), n. a hedge of branches 
interwoven : v.t. to interweave. 

raddock ('ok), n. the robin red- 
breast. 

radial (ra'di-ai), adj. pertaining to, 
or like, or using as, a ray; pertain- 
ing to the radius of the forearm. 

radiance ('di-ans), n. brightness 
shooting in rays ; brilliant bright- 
ness ; splendor. Also radiancy. 

radiant ('di-ant), adj emitting rays 
of light or heat ; shining ; brilliant : 
n. the point from which a shower 
of meteors proceeds ; a straight line 
proceeding from a given point about 
which it revolves; th« luminous 
point from which light emanates. 

radiate ('di-at), v.t. to send out as 
rays : v.i. to emit, or issue forth in, 
rays : adj. having rays. 

radiation (-a'shun), n. the emission 
or diffusion of rays of light or heat 
from one luminous or heated body 
to another. 

radiator ('di-a-ter), w. the body from 
which rays radiate ; a chamber, coil, 
drum, &c., in an apartment, heated 
by steam, hot air, or hot water, &c., 
for radiating warmth into the apart- 
ment. 

radical (rad'i-kal), adj. pertaining to 
the root or origin ; fundamental ; 
original ; underived ; extreme : n. a 
simple underived word ; letter be- 
longing to the root ; one of the ultra- 
liberal party ; the base of a chemi- 
cal compound (also radicle). 

radically ('i-kal-i), adv. essentially; 
entirely. 

radicate ('i-kat), v.t. to plant deep- 
ly and firmly : v.i. to take root : adj. 
deeply planted or rooted. 

radicel ( i-sel), n. a rootlet. 

radicle ('i-kl), n. that part in the 
embryo in the seed of a plant which 
becomes the root ; in chemistry, the 
same as radical. 
radio-active (ra'di-o-ak'tiv), adj. 
emitting Becquerel rays ; exhibiting 
the properties possessed by radium. 
radiofy (-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. radio- 
fied, p.pr. radiofying], to cause to 
become radio-active by exposing to 
the influence of radium. 



radiograpli (-graf), n. a picture ob- 
tained by means of radiography : 
v.t. to produce a likeness of by 
means of radiography. 

radiography (ra-di-og'ra-fi), n. the 
art or process of producing pictures 
by the action of Roentgen rays upon 
certain sensitive salts. 

radiometer (ra-di-om'e-ter), n. an 
instrument revolving In a vacuum, 
which under the influence of light 
exhibits the energy of the solar 
rays. 

radish, (rad'ish), n. a plant with an 
edible root, used as a salad. 

radium (ra'di-um), n. a radio-active 
element recently discovered in pitch- 
blende, possessing the property of 
giving off luminous and actinic rays, 
accompanied by heat, without appar- 
ent loss of energy or diminution in 
bulk or weight. 

radius (ra'di-us), n. [pi. radii (-1)], 
a straight line from the center to 
the circumference of a circle ; ex- 
terior bone of the forearm ; ray of a 
flower ; anything resembling a ra- 
dius, as the spoke of a wheel. 

radix ('diks), n. a root; a primitive 
word ; base of a system of loga- 
rithms. 

raff (raf), n. a jumble; refuse; the 
rabble. 

raiae ('1), n. a kind of lottery in 
which each participant deposits a 
part of the value of a thing in con- 
sideration of the chance of gaining 
it : v.t. to dispose of by rafflle : v.i, 
to take part in a raffle. 

raft (raft), n. pieces of timber fas- 
tened together for transport by 
floating; a floating wooden frame- 
work: v.t. to carry on a raft. 

rafter ('er), n. an inclined beam 
supporting the roof of a house : v.t 
to form into, or furnish with, raf- 
ters. 

rafting ('ing), n. the business of 
floating rafts. 

raftsman ('man), n. a man who 
manages a raft upon a river. 

rag (rag), n. a fragment of cloth; a 
low-class newspaper: pi. worn-out 
or tattered garments ; mean dress. 

ragamufi&n ('i-muf-in), n. a low, 
disreputable fellow. 



ate, arm, &sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



rag 



653 



rage (raj), n. excessive and uncon- 
trolled anger; vehemence; extreme 
violence ; enthusiasm ; extreme de- 
sire or eagerness : v.i. to be furious 
with anger ; prevail fatally, as a dis- 
ease ; be violently agitated, as the 
sea ; ravage. 

rageful ('fool), adj. full of rage. 

ragg, same as ragstone. 

ragged (rag'ed), adj. rent or worn 
into rags ; clothed in tattered gar- 
ments ; iestitute ; rough ; jagged. 

raging (raj'ing), p.adj. acting with 
fury ; violent ; vehement ; frantic : n. 
fury ; violence. 

ragout (ra-goo'), n. a dish of stewed 
and highly seasoned meat. 

ragstone (rag'ston), n. any hard, 
coarse-textured rock. 

rag-time ('tim), n. syncopated time, 
characteristic of negro melodies. 

ragwort (rag'wert), n. a common 
plant with jagged leaves. 

Taid (rad), n. a hostile or predatory 
incursion : v.t. to make a raid upon. 

rail (ral), n. a bar of timber or metal 
€fs:tending from one support to an- 
other ; wooden or iron fence ; a rail- 
way ; a wading bird with a harsh 
cry : v.i. to brawl ; use opprobrious 
language ; scoff : v.t. to inclose with 
rails ; despatch by rail. 

railing ('ing), n. material for rails; 
fence made of posts and rails : adj. 
insulting or reproaching. 

raillery ('er-i), n. good-humored 
irony or satire ; banter. 

railleur (-yer'), n. a banterer 
[French]. 

railway ('wa), n. a way or road laid 
with two parallel iron or steel rails 
along which cars are drawn by 
steam power, electricity, &c. Also 
railroad. 

raiment (ra'ment), n. clothing. 

rain (ran), n. water in drops dis- 
charged from the clouds : v.i. to fall 
in drops from the clouds ; drop like 
rain : v.t. to pour down like rain. 

xainboxir ('bo), n. the bright-colored 
arc formed in the heavens by the 
refraction or reflection of the sun's 
rays falling upon watery particles 
in that part of the heavens opposite 
to the sun. 



rainfall ('fawl), n. the amount of 
rain that falls on any given area. 

raininess ('i-nes), n, the state of 
being rainy. 

rainy ('i), adj. abounding with rain. 

raise (raz), v.t. to cause to rise; 
lift up ; elevate ; originate or pro- 
duce ; promote ; rouse ; increase ; 
construct ; levy ; collect ; cause to 
appear ; cause to swell. 

raisin (ra'zn), n. a dried grape. 

rajah (ra'ja), n. a Hindu king, 
prince, or chief. 

rajput (raj-poof), n. a Hindu of 
royal descent or of the higher mili- 
tary caste. Also rajpoot. 

rake (rak), n. a toothed implement 
for smoothing the soil ; a rascal ; in- 
clination or slope ; that part of the 
bow or stern of a ship that projects 
beyond the keel : v.t. to gather or 
smooth with a rake; collect to- 
gether ; scour ; fire upon, so as to 
sweep the deck of a vessel in a 
longitudinal direction : v.i. to slope 
from the perpendicular. 

rakish (rak'ish)-, adj. dissolute; de- 
bauched. 

rally ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. rallied, 
p.pr. rallying], to collect and ar- 
range, as troops in confusion ; re- 
unite ; attack with raillery ; banter 
or satirize humorously : v.i. to re- 
turn to order ; recover strength ; ex- 
ercise raillery : n. the act of recover- 
ing order, or of regaining strength ; 
good humored satire ; horseplay, as 
in a pantomime. 

ram (ram), n. the male of a sheep; 
one of the signs (Aries) of the 
zodiac ; a military engine for batter- 
ing ; a hydraulic engine ; an iron- 
clad with a steel beak : v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. rammed, p.pr. ramming], to 
push or press with force. 

ramble ('bl), v.i. to wander or rove 
about ; visit many places ; be desul- 
tory : n. a roving or wandering from 
place to place. 

ramee (ra-me'), same as ramie. 

ramenta (-men'ta), n.pl. the thin 
brown scales which cover the sterna 
of ferns. 

ramification (ram-i-fi-ka'shun), n. a 
division or separation into branches ; 



i 



ate, arm, ask, at, awi; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ram 



654 



rap 



sub-division ; manner of producing 
branches. 

ramie (ram'e), n. grass-cloth plant, 
or its fiber. 

ramify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. rami- 
fied, p.pr. ramifying], to divide into 
branches, or divisions : v.i. to shoot 
into branches; become divided or 
sub-divided. 

rammier ('er), n. one v^ho, or that 
which, rams ; an instrument for for- 
cibly driving anything; a rod for 
forcing down the charge of a gun. 

ramose (ra'mos), adj. branched; 
producing branches. Also ramous. 

ramp (ramp), v.i. to climb like a 
plant; spring; leap violently: n. a 
leap or bound. 

rampage (ram'paj), v.i. to prance 
about with unrestrained spirits ; be 
furious : n. a state of excitement. 

rampant ('pant), adj. overleaping 
restraint or natural bounds ; in her- 
aldry, standing upright on the hind 
legs. 

raanpart ('part), n. a mound or wall 
surrounding a fortified place ; pro- 
tection from assault or danger : v.t. 
to fortify with a rampart. 

ramrod ('rod), n. a rod used for 
ramming down the charge of a gun. 

ramshackle ('shak-1), adj. .loose; 
out of repair. 

ramus (ra'mus), n. a branch. 

ran, p.t. of run. 

ranch (ranch), n. a cattle-farm. 
Also ranche, rancho [Mexican]. 

ranchero (ran-cha'ro), n. a herds- 
man [Mexican]. 

rancid (ran'sid), adj. having a rank, 
unpleasant smell ; sour or musty. 

rancidity ('i-ti), n. rancid condi- 
tion. Also rancidness. 

rancor (rang'ker), n. implacable en- 
mity : deep spite or malice. 

rancorous (-us), adj. malignant; 
spiteful. 

rand (rand), n. an edge, margin, or 
border. 

randan (ran'dan), n. a boat pro- 
pelled by three rowers, one in the 
center using two oars and the oth- 
ers one oar each. 

random ('dum), n. want of direction 
or method ; chance : adj. done hap- 



hazard; left to chance, or without 
method. 

ranee (ran'e), n. a Hindu queen or 
princess; rajah's wife. Also rani, 
rannee. 

rang, p.t. of ring. 

range (ranj), v.t. to set or arrange 
in a row ; place in proper order ; 
rove over ; sail along in a parallel 
direction : n. a rank or row ; order 
or class ; space or room for excur- 
sion ; extent of discourse or roam- 
ing ; power ; an extended kitchen 
grate ; distance to which a shot, &c., 
can be projected. 

ranger ( 'er ) , n. a rover ; the chief 
official or keeper of a park or for- 
est ; a variety of dog. 

rank (rangk), n. a row or line, espe- 
cially of soldiers placed abreast ; sta- 
tion or position ; grade ; dignity ; 
eminence : v.t. to draw up in line ; 
include in a particular class, or 
order, or division : v.i. to hold a 
certain position : adj. luxuriant in 
growth ; excessive ; coarse ; rancid. 

rankle ('1), v.i. to grow more rank 
or strong ; fester ; become mentally 
disquieted or irritated. 

ransack (ran'sak), v.t. to search mi- 
nutely ; rummage ; plunder. 

ransom ('sum), v.t. to free from 
captivity, slavery, or punishment, by 
a payment ; atone for ; redeem from 
the bondage of sin : n. price paid for 
release from captivity, &c., or for 
goods captured by an enemy; price 
paid for procuring the pardon of 
sin and the redemption of the sin- 
ner. 

rant (rant), v.i. to bluster or be 
noisily wordy; rave in extravagant 
or violent language : n. noisy ; empty 
declamation. 

ranter ('er), n. one who rants; a 
boisterous preacher. 

rap (rap), v.i. to strike a quick, sharp 
blow ; knock : v.t. to strike sharply ; 
n. a quick, sharp blow; something 
of no value. 

rapacious (ra-pa'shus), adj. given to 
plunder ; seizing forcibly ; subsisting 
on prey ; greedy ; avaricious. 

rapacity (-pas'i-ti), n. the quality of 
being rapacious. Also rapacious- 
ness. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, but; think, then. 



rap 6 

rape (rap), n. a seizing and carrying 
away by force ; the seizure and car- 
nal knowledge of a woman against 
her will ; a plant of the cabbage 
family, from the seeds of which an 
oil (colza oil) is expressed. 

rapid (rap'id), adj, very quick or 
swift ; expeditious : n.pl. a swift cur- 
rent in a river where the channel is 
descending. 

rapier (ra'pi-er), n. a long thin 
sword, used for thrusting. 

rapine (rap'in, or 'in), n. the act of 
plundering or seizing forcibly ; pil- 
lage; violence. 

rappoJE^t (-per'), w. harmonious rela- 
tion ; affinity. 

rapprocliement (ra-prosh'mUng), n. 
the act of coming together ; an 
understanding. 

rapscallioai (rap-scal'yun), n, a ras- 
cal. 

rapt (rapt), p.adj. transported; rav- 
ished. 

Kaptores (rap-to'rez) , n.ph an Order 
of birds characterized by the 
strength of their claws and bills, in- 
cluding the eagles, owls, &c. 

raptorial ('ri-al), a^;. pertaining to 
the Raptores. Also raptorious. 

rapture ('ttir), n. extreme pleasure 
or delight ; ecstasy ; enthusiasm. 

raptured, same as rapt. 

rare (rar), adj. icomp, rarer, superl. 
rarest], scarce; uncommon; unusu- 
al ; thinly scattered ; not dense ; ex- 
cellent ; incomparable ; of loose tex- 
ture ; almost raw. 

rare-bit ('bit), n. a dainty morsel. 

rarefaction (rar-e-fak'shun), n, the 
act of rarefying or rendering less 
dense. 

rarefy (rar'e-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
rarefied, p.pr. rarefying], to make 
rare, thin, or less dense ; expand : 
v.i. to become less dense, 

rarely ('li), adv, seldom. 

rareness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being rare. 

rare-ripe (rar 'rip), adj. ripe before 
the usual season : n. an early fruit. 

rarity ('i-ti), n. a rare article; ex- 
ceptional excellence ; rareness. 

r&scal <'kal), n, a mean fellow; a 
scoundrel ; one who is guilty of 
mean offenses. 



S rat 

rascaldom (-dum), n, rascals col- 
lectively. 

rascality ('i-ti), n, the state of be- 
ing a rascal; petty villainy or dis* 
honesty. 

rash (rash), adj. hasty; incautious; 
precipitate; acting without caution 
or reflection : n. a slight cutaneous 
eruption. 

rasher ('er), n. a thin slice of ba- 
con. 

Rasores (ra-so'rez), n.pl. an order 
of birds, including the barn fowls, 
pheasants, partridges, &c., who 
scratch the ground in search of food. 

rasorial ('ri-al), adj. pertaining to 
the Rasores. 

rasp (rasp), v.t. to rub with, or as 
with, a rough instrument ; file with 
a rasp : n. a kind of rough file. 

raspberry (raz'ber-i), n. [pi. rasp- 
berries (-iz)], a shrub and its well- 
known fruit. 

rasure (ra'ztir), n. erasure. 

rat (rat), n. an animal of the mouse 
family but larger and more vora- 
cious ; one who deserts his party ; a 
workman who works during a strike, 
or for less than the usual wages : v.i, 
[p.t. & p.p. ratted, p.pr. ratting], to 
desert one's party; to act the rat, 
said of a workman ; to catch rats. 

ratable (rat'a-bl), adj. assessed at a 
certain value ; liable to be assessed, 

ratably ('a-bli), adv. proportionally. 

ratan, same as rattan. 

ratcb. (rach), n. a toothed bar into 
which a click drops; the wheel of a 
clock which causes it to strike. 

ratcbet ('et), n. the detent which 
stops a ratchet-wheel. 

ratcbet-wbeel (hwel), n. a circular 
ratch. 

rate (rat), n. ratio or proportion; 
price fixed or stated ; comparative 
value ; degree ; a tax or assessment ; 
speed at which anything is done or 
performed ; class of warship : v.t. to 
estimate; settle or fix the value, 
i-ank, or degree of ; scold vehemently 
and hastily: v.i. to make an esti- 
mate ; be placed in a certain class or 
rank. 

rather (ra^^'er), adv. sooner; more 
willingly; on the contrary; prefer- 
ably to the other. 



6te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; booiii 
book; hue, hut; think, th&iu 



rat 



656 



arav 



ratification (rat-i-fi-ka'shun), n,the 
act of ratifying ; confirmation. 

vatifier ('i-fi-er), n. one who ratifies. 

ratify ('i-fi), v.t, [pJ. & p.p. ratified, 
p.pr. ratifying], to approve and sanc- 
tion ; settle or confirm ; establish. 

ratio (ra'shi-o), w. [pL ratios (-oz)], 
the relation or proportion of one 
thing or quantity to another. 

ratiocinate (rash-i-os'i-nt), ^.i. to 
reason deductively ; argue. 

ratiocination (-i-na'shun), n. the 
act or process of reasoning ; deduc- 
ing conclusions from premises. 

ratiocinative ('i-na-tiv), adj. argu- 
mentative. 

ration (ra'shun), n. an allowance: 
pi. allowance of provisions given per 
man for daily subsistence : v.t. to 
furnish with rations. 

rational (rash'un-al), adj. agreeable 
to, or consistent with, reason ; nei- 
ther extravagant nor foolish ; wise ; 
judicious. 

rationale (rash-o-na'Ie), n. a series 
of reasons assigned for any opinion, 
action, &c. 

rationalism ('un-al-izm), n. a sys- 
tem or doctrine which, rejecting rev- 
elation, makes reason the sole guide 
in the interpretation of Scripture 
and dogma. 

rationalist (-ist), n. one who up- 
holds or supports rationalism. 

rationalistic (-is'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, characteristic of, or like, ra- 
tionalism. 

rationality (-ari-ti), n. the quality 
of being rational ; power of reason- 
ing ; reasonableness ; mental sanity. 

rationalize ('al-iz), v.t. to interpret 
as a rationalist ; convert to ration- 
alism : v.i. to rely solely on reason or 
as a rationalist. 

rationally ('al-li), adv. in a rational 
manner ; in accordance with reason. 

ratlins (rat'linz), w.pZ. small horizon- 
tal ropes, extending over thQ shrouds 
forming ladder-like steps. Also rat- 
lines. 

ratsbane (rats'ban), n, poison for 
rats ; arsenious acid. 

rattan (rat-an'), n. one of the long, 
smooth, reed-like stems of several 
species of palms; a rattan walking 
stick. 



ratteen, (-teen'), n. a thick woolen 
quilted or twilled stuff. 

rattinet (-in-et'), n» an inferior kind 
of ratteen. 

ratting ('ing), n. the act of deserting 
one's party ; the act of catching 
rats ; working for less than current 
prices. 

rattle (rat'l), v.i. to produce rapidly 
sharp noises ; speak rapidly or nois- 
ily ; ride rapidly : v.t. to cause to 
make a rapid, sharp noise ; stun 
with noise ; drive rapidly ; scold : n. 
a succession of rapid, sharp noises; 
noisy, rapid, empty talk ; a child's 
toy for rattling. 

rattler (rat'ler), n. one who or that 
which rattles ; a rattlesnake. 

rattlesnake (-snak), n. a venomous 
snake with hard bony rings on the 
tail producing a rattling sound when 
in motion. 

rattling ('ling), adj. making a rapid 
succession of sharp, noisy sounds ; 
quick: adv. very: n. noise produced 
by a rattle. 

raucous (raw'kus), adj. hoarse. 

ravage (rav'aj), v.t. to lay waste; 
pillage ; plunder or sack : n. destruc- 
tion by violence or decay ; devasta- 
tion ; ruin. 

rave (rav), v.i. to wander in the mind 
or be delirious ; rage as a madman. 

ravel (rav'l), v.t. to unweave or un- 
twist ; involve or entangle : v.i. to be 
unwoven or untwisted; busy one's 
self with perplexities. 

ravelin ('lin), n. a detached work 
with two embanlmients making a 
salient angle. 

ravelings ('el-ingz), n.pl. threads de- 
tached by "untwisting. 

raven (ra'vn), n. a large bird of the 
crow family noted for its deep black 
color : adj. raven-colored. 

raven (rav'n), v.t. to obtain, or seize, 
by violence ; devour with greediness 
or voracity : n. violence ; plunder ; 
prey. 

ravening ('n-ing), n. eagerness for 
plunder. 

ravenous ('n-us), adj. devouring with 
rapacity ; eagerly voracious ; eager 
for gratification. 

ravine (ra-ven'), n. a long, deep hol- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



pav 



657 



rea 



low, worn by the action of a stream 
or torrent; mountain gorge. 

ravish (rav'ish), v.t. to seize and to 
carry away by force ; have sexual in- 
tercourse with (a woman) by force 
and without her consent; transport 
with delight or rapture. 

ravishment ('ish-ment), n. forcible 
violation of chastity; rape; abduc- 
tion ; transport ; rapture. 

raiv (raw), adj. uncooked; crude; 
without skin ; sore ; not spun or 
twisted; in the natural state; un- 
tanned ; undiluted ; unripe ; inexperi- 
enced ; cold and damp : n. a sore. 

rawboned ('bond), adj. with little 
flesh on the bones. 

rawhide ('hid), n. a cowhide whip. 

rawish ('ish), adj, somewhat raw. 

ray (ra), n. a line or pencil of light 
proceeding from a radiant point; 
light; beam of intellectual light; 
perception or apprehension ; the out- 
er whorl of a floret ; a radius ; a 
cartilaginous fish of the genus Raia, 
as the skate, &c. : v.t. to shoot forth, 
as a ray : v.i. shine forth. 

ray ah (ra'ya), n, in Turkey, a non- 
Mohammedan. 

raze (raz), v.ti to level to the ground ; 
blot out ; efface ; graze or shave. 

razee (ra-ze'), n. a large warship cut 
down to a smaller size and inferior 
class. 

razor ('zer), n. a sharp-edged cutting 
instrument used for shaving. 

razor-bill (-bil), n. the auk. 

razure, same as rasure. 

re, prefix noting repetition or retro- 
grade action. 

reach (rech), v.t. to touch with the 
extended hand ; stretch forth ; arrive 
at ; gain ; penetrate to ; include : v.i. 
to be extended so as to touch ; en- 
deavor to obtain something; the 
power of reaching or attaining; dis- 
tance that can be reached; limit of 
power or ability; stretch of water 
or stream. 

read (red), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. read 
(red), p.pr. reading], to observe and 
apprehend the meaning of (some- 
thing written, printed or inscribed) ; 
peruse; discover by observation; 
study: v.i. to perform the act of 



reading; peruse written or printed 
matter. 

read (red), adj. well-informed or ac- 
quainted with books. 

readable (red'a-bl), adj. fit to be 
read ; worth reading ; legible. 

reader ('er), n. one who reads; one 
who reads prayers in church ; a cor- 
rector of the press ; a university lec- 
turer ; a reading-book. 

readily (red'i-li), adv. in a ready 
manner ; quickly ; easily ; willingly. 

readiness ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
ing ready ; promptness ; cheerfulness. 

reading (red'ing), adj. addicted to 
reading: n. perusal of books; lec- 
ture ; public recital ; variation ; ver- 
sion or interpretation of a particu- 
lar passage in a book or MS. ; ob- 
servation made by examining a 
scientific instrument; formal recital 
of a bill by the proper officer before 
a legislative assembly. 

ready (red'i), adj. [comp. readier, 
superl. readiest], prepared at the 
moment; quick; prompt; fit for a 
purpose ; willing ; near ; about to do 
or be; dexterous. 

real (re'al), adj. actually existing; 
not fictitious; genuine; true; per- 
taining to things fixed, as lands or 
tenements; not personal: n. (ra'al) 
a Spanish coin = 5 cents (about). 

real estate (es-tat), n. lands and all 
appertaining to them. 

realism ('al-izm), n. the representa- 
tion of nature or social life as it 
actually appears; the doctrine that 
the objects immediately known are 
real existences. 

realist (-ist), n. one who holds the 
doctrine of, or practices realism. 

realistic (-is'tik), adj. pertaining to 
realism and realists. 

reality ('i-ti), n. [pZ. realities (-tiz)], 
actual existence; fact; truth. 

realization (-i-za'shun), n. the act 
of realizing, or of making and be- 
lieving real ; conversion of money 
into real property, or the contrary. 

realize ('al-iz), v.t. to bring into act 
or being ; make real ; convert into 
real property or money ; bring home 
to one's self ; achieve ; complete. 

really CM-li), adv. with actual exist- 
ence; in truth. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



rea 



658 



ree 



realm (relm), n. royal jurisdiction or 
territory ; kingdom ; empire ; state. 

realty ('al-ti), n. real estate. 

ream, rem ) , r^. 20 quires, or 480 sheets 
of paper; 516 sheets (printer's 
ream ) . 

reap (rep), v.t, to cut with a sc5i;he, 
sickle, or corn-cutting machine ; per- 
form the operation of reaping; 
gather in ; receive as a reward. 

rear (rer), n. the part behind the 
rest ; last in order ; background ; 
that part of a fleet or army behind 
the other : v.t. raise or lift up ; ex- 
alt ; build ; educate ; bring to matur- 
ity : v.i. to assume an erect posture : 
adj. pertaining to the rear. 

rear-admiral (-ad-mir-al), n. in the 
United States navy, an officer rank- 
ing next below the admiral ; in other 
navies an officer ranking next below 
a vice-admiral. 

reason (re'zn), ji. that mental faculty 
in man which enables him to deduce 
inferences from facts, and to distin- 
guish between right and wrong ; 
right Judgment ; efficient or final 
cause ; cause for opinion or act ; 
premise of an argument, especially 
the minor : v.i. to exercise the faculty 
of reason ; argue ; infer conclusions 
from premises : v.t. to persuade by 
reasoning ; examine by the reason ; 
plead for. 

reasonable (-a-bl), adj. endowed 
with reason ; rational ; equitable ; 
moderate ; fair. 

reasonableness (-nes), n. the qual- 
ity or state of being reasonable ; 
moderation. 

reasonably (-a-bli), adv. in a rea- 
sonable manner. 

reasoning (-ing), n. the exercise of 
the faculty of reason ; argumenta- 
tion; reasons adduced or employed. 

rebate (-bat'), v.t. to make blunt; 
make obtuse ; abate or diminish. 

rebel (reb'el), n. one who revolts 
from his allegiance or defies consti- 
tuted authority : adj. rebellious : v.i. 
(re-bel') [p.t. & p.p. rebelled, p.pr. 
rebelling], to take up arms and re- 
sist lawful or constituted authority ; 
revolt ; rise against authority. 

rebeller ('er), n. one who rebels. 

rebellion Cyun), n. insurrection 



against, or open resistance to, law- 
ful or constituted authority; revolt. 

rebellions ( 'yus ) , adj. opposing law- 
ful or constituted authority. 

rebonnd (re-bound'), v.i. to start or 
leap back; re-echo; to reverberate: 
n. the act of rebounding; a leaping 
or flying back. 

rebuC (-buf), n. a beating back; 
sudden check or resistance; defeat; 
refusal : v.t. to beat back ; repel ; 
check ; refuse. 

rebnke (-buk'), n. reprimand or re- 
proof ; chiding ; chastisement : v.t. to 
reprimand or chide ; chastise. 

rebus (re'bus), w. [pZ. rebuses (-ez)], 
an enigmatical representation of a 
word or phrase by pictures or figures 
instead of words ; in heraldry, a 
coat of arms bearing an allusion to 
the name of the wearer. 

rebnt (re-buf), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. re- 
butted, p.pr. rebutting], to beat 
back ; oppose by argument or proof ; 
repel : v.i. in law, to put in or re- 
turn an answer. 

rebuttal ('al), n. the act of rebut- 
ting. 

rebutter ('er), n. one who rebuts; 
the answer of a plaintiff to the re- 
joinder of a defendant. 

recalcitrant (-kal'si-trant), adj. re- 
fractory. 

recall (-kawl'), v.t. to call back; re- 
member ; revoke ; withdraw : n. revo- 
cation. 

recant (-kant'), v.t. to withdraw or 
retract ; abjure. 

recantation (-kan-ta'shun), n. the 
act of recanting; a declaration re- 
calling and contradicting a former 
one. 

recapitulate (-ka-pit'u-lat) , v.t. to 
go over, or -summarize (the chief 
points or a discourse, argument, 
&c.). 

recapitulation (-la'shun), n. the act 
of recapitulating. 

recapitulatory ('u-l§.-t6-ri), adj. re- 
peating again in brief. 

recaptionC-kap'shun), n. reprisal. 

recede (-sed'), v.i. to fall back or re- 
trograde ; retreat : v.t. to cede back 
to a former possessor. 

receipt (-set'), n. the act of receiv- 
ing; reception; a recipe; written 



&te, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



CURIOUS COSTUMES AND HEAD-DRESSES. 




Miter head-Oress. 1475. Kttssian head-^rees. Homed: 



1475. Butterfly hej^d-dress, 1475. 






Welsh girl.isso. Man's head-dress, 1300, Head-dress, 1350.; steeple head-dress, 1475. Head-dress, 1T80. 




gCDt^sIlddfiftaiz GentlemaDof 



GenUcman of 1680. Assyrian king. 



ATHLETIC AND OUTDOOR SPORTS. 




-ro^^-Ttten^luA^^^ and mallet; 5. battledores and shuttlecoC; 6. 

immers; 14. punching-bag; 15,^UnkAll^n%olf)-W^^ snow-shoes; 12. curling-stones; 13 

mms-racket; 20. Indian clubs; A eolf-baH R Ao- n' ^^^""^b-bells ; 17, air-gun; 18. fencing-stick; 19, 

lofter; d. putter; e. niblick; frmashie-g cleek ' ^^^^^'P^^^' »• caddy-bag; a, driver! b, bulger 



ree ( 

acknowledgment of anything re- 
ceived: v.t. to give a receipt for; 
sign in acknowledgment of. 

receivable (-sev'a-bl), adj, capable 
of being received. 

receive (-sev'), v.t. to take or obtain 
from another in any manner; ac- 
cept ; obtain ; entertain ; gain knowl- 
edge of; suffer; take in, as stolen 
goods. 
^ receiver ('er), n. one who, or thu.t 
which, receives ; one who buys stolen 
goods; a person appointed by a 
court to manage property in contro- 
versy. 

recency (re'sen-si), n. lateness of 
time ;^ newness. Also recentness. 

recension (re-sen'shun), n. review or 
revision, especially critical revision 
of the text of an autnor ; the text 
thus revised and established. 

recent ('sent), adj. of late origin or 
occurrence ; new ; modern ; fresh ; 
newly arrived; subsequent to man's 
existence. 

receptacle (-sep'ta-kl), n. a vessel or 
place into which anything is re- 
ceived ; basis of a flower. 

receptibility (-ti-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being receivable. 

reception ('shun), n. the act of re- 
ceiving ; the state of being received ; 
welcome ; entertainment ; admission ; 
formal or official receiving of a per- 
son. 

receptive ('tiv), adj. having the 
quality of receiving or containing; 
capable of receiving mental impres- 
sions. 

recess (-ses'), n. withdrawal; state 
of being in retirement ; seclusion ; 
remission of business ; cavity in a 
room or alcove ; niche. 

recession (-sesh'un), n. the act of 
receding or withdrawal ; cession 
back. 

rechercbe (re-sher-sha'), (^dj. un- 
common ; rare ; exquisite ; choice. 

recipe (res'i-pe), n. a medical pre- 
scription ; formula for compounding 
anything. 

recipient (re-sip'i-ent), n. one who 
receives : adj. receiving. 

reciprocal ('ro-kal), adj. mutual; 
alternating ; mutually interchange- 
able. 



y^ rec 

reciprocally f-li), adv, mutually. 

reciprocate ('ro-kat), v.t, to give 
and receive mutually: v.i, to alter- 
nate; interchange. 

reciprocating ('ro-ka-ting), adj, 
moving backwards and forwards. 

reciprocation (-ka'shun), n. inter- 
change of acts ; reciprocal motion. 

reciprocity (res-i-pros'i-ti), n. recip- 
rocal obligation or right; equal mu- 
tual rights or benefits to be yielded 
or enjoyed. 

recision (re-sizh'un), n. the act of 
cutting off. 

recital (-si'tai), n. the act of recit- 
ing ; rehearsal ; narrative ; a musical 
entertainment by one performer. 

recitation (res-i-ta'shun), n. a public 
reading; delivery of a composition 
committed to memory; the composi- 
tion so delivered. 

recitative (-ta-tev'), adj. pertaining 
to recitation ; words spoken in the 
sounds of the musical scale; chant. 
Also recitativo [Italian] : adj. ut- 
tered musically; chanied. 

recitatively ('li) adv. in a reciia- 
tive manner. 

recite (re-sIt'), v.t. to repeat aloud 
from memory ; enumerate ; rehearse ; 
recapitulate. 

reck (rek), v.t. & v.i. to care for; 
heed. 

reckless ('les), adj. heedless of con- 
sequences ; careless ; thoughtless. 

recklessness (-nes), n. carelessness; 
thoughtlessness ; heedlessness. 

reckon ('n), v.t. to count or com- 
pute ; number ; estimate by rank : 
v.i. to calculate ; charge to account ; 
make up accounts ; pay a penalty ; 
reason with one's self and conclude 
from argument ; think or suppose. 

reckoning (-ing), n. computation; 
calculation; statement of accounts 
between debtor and creditor; money 
charged by a host; estimated posi- 
tion of a ship by its progress and 
course. 

reclaim (re-klam'), v.t. to call back; 
demand the return of ; reform ; bring 
under cultivation. 

reclinate (rek'li-nat), adj. reclined, 
as a leaf. 

reclination (-na'shun), n. the act of 
reclining. 



ate, arm, &sk^ at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ree 



ve« 



recline (-klin'), v.t. to cause to lean 
or lie back ; lean to one side : v.i. to 
rest or repose. 

recluse (re-kl6os')» n. one who lives 
in retirement ; hermit ; anchorite : 
adj. retired from the world; soli- 
tary ; secluded. 

reclusely <'li), adv. in a recluse 
manner. 

recluseness ('nes), n. retirement 
from society. Also reclusion. 

reclusive ('siv), adj. affording re- 
tirement from the world or society. 

recognizable (rek'og-niz-a-bl), adj. 
capable of being recognized. 

recognizance (re-kon'i-zans), n. 
avowal ; acknowledgment ; badge or 
token ; a legal obligation entered 
into before a magistrate or court to 
do, or abstain from doing, some par- 
ticular act. 

recognize (rek'og-niz), v.t. to know 
again ; acknowledge ; avow ; admit 
with a formal acknowledgment : v.i. 
to enter into recognizance. 

recognizer (-er), n. one who recog- 
nizes. 

recognizor (re-kon'i-zer), n. in law, 
one who enters into a recognizance. 

recognition (rek-og-nish'un), n. the 
act of recognizing ; the state of be- 
ing recognized ; remembrance ; recol- 
lection ; formal avowal. 

recollect (-o_l-ekt'), v.t. to call to 
memory; (re-kol-ekt'), to gather to- 
gether again. 

recollection (rek-ol-ek'shun), n. 
memory ; that which is remembered. 

recollective ('tiv), adj. having the 
faculty of recollecting or remember- 
ing. 

recommend (-om-end'), v.i. to com- 
mend to another; introduce favora- 
bly ; advise. 

recommendation (-en-da'shun), n. 
the act of recommending; favorable 
introduction. 

recommendatory ('d§.-to-ri), adj. 
that recommends. 

recommit (re-kom-it'), v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. recommitted, p.pr. recommit- 
ting], to commit anew; refer back 
to a committee. 
recommitment ('ment), n. the act 
of recommitting; state of being re- 
committed. Also recommittal. 



recompense (rek'om-pens), n. an 
equivalent given in return; reward* 
compensation: v.t. to give back ag 
an equivalent; make amends forj 
repay or requite. 

reconcilable (-on-sil'^-bl), €dj, ca- 
pable of being reconciled. 

reconcile ('on-sil), v.t. to restore to 
friendship or favor after estrange- 
ment ; adjust ; harmonize. 

reconciliation (-sil-i-a'shun), n. the 
act of reconciling ; the state of being 
reconciled ; renewal of friendship ; 
expiation or atonement. Also recon- 
cilement. 

reconciliatory ('i-a-to-ri), adj. tend- 
ing to reconcile. 

recondite ('on-dit), adj. deep; ab- 
struse ; hidden from view ; secret. 

reconnaissance (re-kon'a-sans), n, 
the act of reconnoitering. 

reconnoiter, reconnoitre (rek-o- 
noi'ter), v.t. to make a survey of, 
especially for military purposes ; ex- 
amine for scientific purposes. 

record (re-kord'), v.t. to remember, 
or cause to be remembered; register 
or enroll; celebrate: n. (rek'erd) an 
authentic memorial ; register ; for- 
mal writing or copy of an official 
document ; in sports, the best per- 
formance : pi. public documents. 

recorder (-kord'er), n. one who, or 
that which, records; one whose offi- 
cial duty is to register writings or 
transactions. 

recount (re-kount')» v.t. to go over 
or narrate in detail. 

recoup (re-koop'), v.t. to indemnify 
or make good; diminish by keeping 
back a part. 

recourse (re-kors'), n. a going to for 
aid or protection ; application of ef- 
fort for a particular purpose or end. 

recover (-kuv'er), v.t. to regain; re- 
trieve ; cure ; obtain as compensa- 
tion ; obtain by judgment in a court 
of law ; cover again : v.i. to regain 
health, strength, or any former 
state ; be successful in a lawsuit. 

recovery ('er-i), n. the act of recov- 
ering ; restoration to health ; legal 
right to something after judgment 
of a court. 

recreant (rek're-ant), adj. cowardly; 
mean-spirited; apostate; false: n. a 



fite, arm, fisk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mte, mit; note, nOrtb, not; boon^ 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



661 



red 



mean-spirited creature ; a coward ; 
an apostate. 

recreate ('re-at), v.f. to reanimate, 
especially after toil ; gratify : v.i. to 
take recreation: v.i. (re-kre-af) to 
create anew. 

recreation (rek-re-a'shun), n. re- 
freshment aiter toil, &c. ; amuse- 
ment : n. (re-kre-a'shun), the act of 
creating anew ; a new creation. 

Srecreative (rek're-a-tiv), adj. rein- 
vigorating. 

recriminate (re-krim'in-at), v.i. to 
return one accusation with another : 
v.t. to accuse in return. 

recrimination (-a'shun), n. the act 
of recriminating. 

recriminatory ('in-a-to-ri), adj. re- 
torting an accusation or charge. 

recrudescence (-kroo-des'ens), n. 
the state of becoming sore again; a 
sharp relapse. 

recrudescent Cent), adj. becoming 
sore or raw again. 

recruit (-kroot')? i^.*. to supply with 
new soldiers ; restore to health ; re- 
pair by fresh supplies : v.i. to obtain 
fresh supplies ; recover health : n. 
a soldier newly enlisted ; supply of 
any want. 

recruiting ('ing), n. the enlisting of 
recruits for the army. 

rectangle (rek'tang-gl), n. a 4-sided 
figure with 4 right angles, or angles 
of 90°. 

rectangled (-gld), adj. having one or 
more right angles. 

rectangular ('gu-lar), adj. right- 
angled. 

rectifiable ('ti-fi-a-bl), adj. capable 
of being rectified. 

rectification (-fi-ka'shun)', n. the act 
of setting right ; repeated distilla- 
tion of a spirit to concentrate it or 
render it purer ; reduction of a curve 
to a right line. 

rectify ('ti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. recti- 
fied, p.pr. rectifying], to set right; 
adjust ; refine by distillation. 

rectilineal (-t>lin'e-al), adj. bound- 
ed by straight lines ; right- or 
straight-lined; straight. Also recti- 
linear. 

rectilineally (-1), adv. in a straight 
line. 

rectitude ('ti-tud), n. Tightness of 



principles and practice; honesty; 
moral Integrity. 

rector ('ter), n. a clergyman who has 
the great and small tithes of a liv- 
ing; the headmaster of a public 
school, or head of a university 
[Scotch] ; the superior of a convent 
or religious house. 

rectorate ('ter-at), n. the office of a 
rector. Also rectorship. 

rectorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
to a rector. 

rectory ('ter-i), n. the house of a rec- 
tor ; the benefice of a rector, with 
the rights appertaining to it. 

rectum ('turn), n. the lowest part of 
the great intestine. 

recumbency (re-kum'ben-si), n. the 
state of leaning or reclining. Also 
recumbence. 

recumbent ('bent), adj. reclining; 
idle. 

recuperate (-ku'per-at), v.t. & v.i. to 
recover. 

recuperation (-a'shun), Jt. recovery, 

recuperative ( 'per-a-tiv ) , adj. per- 
taining to, or tending to, recovery. 
Also recuperatory. 

recur (-ker'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. re- 
curred, p.pr. recurring], return to 
the mind ; return ; happen at a 
stated interval ; have recourse. 

recurrence (-kur'ens), n. return; re- 
sort. 

recurrent ('ent), adj. returning re- 
peatedly. 

recurvate ('vat), adj. bent back. 

recusancy (rek'u-zan-si), n. noncon- 
formity. 

recusant ('u-zant), adj. refusing to 
acknowledge the royal supremacy in 
religion ; nonconforming : n, a non- 
conformist. 

red (red), n. one of the primary col- 
ors varying from scarlet to pink : 
adj. red-colored. 

redan (re-dan'), n. a V-shaped field- 
work or rampart with the apex to- 
wards the enemy ; a projection in a 
wall. 

redbreast (red'brest), n. the robin. 

redcap ('kap), n. sl kind of goldfinch. 

redden ('n), v.t. to make red: v.i. to 
become red; blush. 

reddish, ('ish), adj, somewhat red. 

redeem (re-dem*), v.t, to ransom 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



red 



662 



ree 



from bondage ; rescue ; make atone- 
ment for ; perform ; recover ; make 
good use of ; ransom from sin and 
its consequences. 

Tedeemer ('er), n. one who redeems. 

Redeemer, n. Jesus Christ, the Sa- 
vior. 

xedemption (-demp'shun), n. repur- 
chase ; release ; ransom ; freeing of 
an estate from a mortgage ; salva- 
tion of mankind by Jesus Christ. 

xedemptioner (-er), n. an emigrant 
to the United States who sells his 
services for a certain term, as pay- 
ment for his passage out from Eu- 
rope. 

redemptive ('tiv), adj. pertaining 
to redemption, or serving to redeem. 

xedemptory ('to-ri), adj. paid for 
ransom. 

xeclj^Tam (redVum), n. strophulus; a 
lofty Australian gum-tree, yielding 
a gum resin used in medicine. 

xedingote (-ing-gof), «. a long dou- 
ble-breasted coat. 

xedivivus (-i-vi'vus), adj. come to 
life again. 

red-letter day ('let-er da), n. a 
lucky day : from the Saints* days 
printed in red-letter in the church 
calendars. 

redolence ('o-lens), n. perfume; fra- 
grance. 

redolent ('6-lent), adj. emitting a 
sweet smell ; fragrant. 

redoubt (re-douf), n. a field-work 
for strengthening or fortifying a 
military position without flanks. 

redoubtable ('a-bl), adj. formida- 
ble ; valiant ; terrible to enemies. 

redound (-dound'), v.i. to tend or 
contribute ; be in excess. 

redo-wa (red'o-wa), n. a Bohemian 
dance ; music for such a dance. 

redress (-dres'), v.t. to amend or set 

:■ right ; compensate ; relieve from ; to 
dress again : n. the reparation of 
wrong ; relief. 

redressible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
being redressed. 

redsear (red'ser), v.t. to break or 
crack under the hammer, as iron 
when hot. 

redsbank ('shangk), n. the red-leg- 
ged sandpiper ; a Highlander. 



red-sno-w ('sno), n. an Arctic lichen 

or fungus. 

redstart ('start), n. a small red- 
tailed migratory song-bird. 

red-tape ('tap), n. red-colored tape 
used for tying official documents ; 
hence excessive official formality. 

red-tapism ( 'izm ) , n. government 
by strict official routine. 

reduce (re-dus'), v.t. to bring into a 
lower state ; degrade ; diminish ; con- 
quer ; shorten ; reclaim to order ; 
bring or change (numbers or quan- 
tities) from one denomination into 
another ; bring into classes. 

reducible ('si-bl), adj. capable of 
being reduced. 

reduction (-duk'shun), n. the act 
of reducing; the state of being re- 
duced ; diminution ; conquest or sub- 
jugation ; the changing of quantities* 
from one denomination to another ; 
the process of converting a metallic 
oxide into metal by the expulsion of 
the oxygen contained in it. 

redundance (-dun'dans), n. super- 
fluity ; excess. Also redundancy. 

redundant ('dant), adj. superfluous. 

reduplicate (-dup'li-kat), v.t. to 
double again ; repeat ; multiply. 

reduplication (-ka'shun), n; the act 
of reduplicating. 

red-wing (red' wing), n. a kind of 
thrush. 

ree (re), n. a Portuguese and Bra- 
zilian money of account, the 1,000th 
part of a milree. Also rea, rei. 

reed (red), n. a large, coarse grass, 
of the genus Arundo, with jointed 
hollow stems ; a pastoral pipe ; 

, mouth tube of a musical instru- 
ment; the comb-shaped part of a 
loom which beats the weft up to the 
web ; an arrow. 

reef (ref ) , n. that part of a sail which 
can be reduced by being drawn in 
by small ropes running in eyelet 
holes ; a chain of rock lying at or 
near the surface of the water : v.t. 
to reduce the size of (a sail) by 
means of reefs. 

reefer ('er), n. one who, for the pur- 
pose of plunder, entices vessels in 
distress by false signals to come 
among rocks ; a midshipman ; a 
rough kind of jacket. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon^ 
book ; hue, hut ; think, theut 



vee 



663 



ref 



reek (rek), n. smoke; steam: vA. to 

emit smoke or steam. 

reeky ('i), adj. smoky; made foul by 
smoke or steam. 

reel (rel), n. a turning frame for 
winding yarn, &c. ; bobbin ; an an- 
gler's implement for winding his 
line upon ; a. stagger ; a lively 
r^cotch dance : v.t. to wind on a 
reel : v.i. to stagger ; perform a reel. 

reeve (rev), n. a bailiff or steward; 
the female of the ruff; v.t. to pass 
the end of (a rope) through any 
hole. 

refection (re-fek'shun), n. a light 
repast. 

refectory ('to-ri), n. an eating room 
or hall. 

refer (-fer'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. referred, 
p.pr. referring], to submit to an- 
other person or authority for infor- 
mation, corroboration, or decision : 
v.i. to allude ; have relation ; appeal ; 
hint. 

referable (ref'er-a-bl), adj. that may 
be referred ; ascribable. 

referee (ref-er-e'), n. one to whom 
anything is referred for decision ; 
an umpire. 

reference ('er-ens), n. the act of re- 
ferring; allusion; one who, or that 
which, is referred to ; trial or deci- 
sion by referees. 

referential (-en'shal), adj, pertain- 
ing to, or referring to, something 
else. 

referrible (re-fer'i-bl), same as ref- 
erable. 

refine (-fm'), v.t. to separate from 
impurities ; clear from dross ; pol- 
ish ; educate or improve : v.i. to be- 
come fine or pure ; improve in ac- 
curacy or delicacy. 

refinement ('ment), n. the act of re- 
fining; state of being refined; ele- 
gance ; polish ; purity of taste, mind, 
morals, &c. ; affectation of elegant 
or subtle improvements. 

refinery ('er-i), n. [pi. refineries 
(-iz)], a place where anything is 
refined or purified. 

refit (-fit'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. refitted, 
p.pr. refitting], to make fit for use 
again ; prepare or fit afresh : v.i. 
to repair damages, especially dam- 
ages of ships : n. the renewal of that 



which is damaged or worn, especially 
of parts of a ship. 

reflect (-flekf), v.t. to throw back, 
especially rays of light or heat after 
striking on any substance : v.i. to 
be thrown back, as rays of light, 
&c. ; consider in the mind ; cast re- 
proach or censure (with upon). 

reflectible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
being reflected. 

reflecting ('ing), p.adj. making re- 
flection ; thoughtful ; casting re- 
proach or censure. 

reflection (-flek'shun), n. the act of 
reflecting; state of being reflected; 
that which is reflected; the turning 
of thought back upon past experi- 
ences or ideas ; attentive considera- 
tion ; reproach or censure. Also re- 
flexion. 

reflective ('tiv), adj. throwing back 
images or rays ; considering the 
operations of the mind or things of 
the past ; reflexive. 

reflectively (-li), adv. in a reflective 
manner. 

reflectiveness (-nes), n. the power 
or habit of reflection. 

reflector ('ter), n. one who, or that 
which, reflects ; a polished surface 
reflecting rays of light or heat. 

reflex ('fleks), adj. bent or turned 
back ; directed backwards ; illumi- 
nated by light reflected from another 
part of the same picture ; noting the 
action of the motor nerves acting 
independently of the will under 
stimulus from impressions made on 
the sensory nerves ; n. reflected 
light, &c. 

reflexibility <-i-biri-ti), n. the qual- 
ity of being reflexible. 

reflexible ('i-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing reflected. 

reflexive ('iv), adj. reflective; hav- 
ing respect to something past; re- 
ferring back to the grammatical sub- 
ject. 

reflux ('fluks), n. a flowing back. 

reform (-form'), v.t. to make better; 
change or return to a former good 
state; introduce improvement in or 
change for the better ; amend ; cor- 
rect; form again or anew: v.i. to 
abandon evil for that which is good ; 
become better, or amended: n. 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n5rth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ref 



664 



ref 



amendment ; change for the better, 
especially political change ; correc- 
tion. 

reformation (ref-6r-ma'shun) , n. the 
act of reforming ; state of being 
reformed ; amendment ; political re- 
dress ; the act of forming again or 
anew. 

Hefornnation, n. the great religious 
movement (16th century) under 
Martin Luther (with the). 

reformative ('a-tiv), adj, forming 
again. 

reformatory ('a-to-ri), adj. tending 
to reform : n. an institution for the 
detention and reformation of juve- 
nile offenders. 

reformed (-formd'), p.adj. restored 
to a previous good state ; amended, 
as noting the Protestant churches. 

"RefoTJXked Cliurcli (cherch), n. that 
section of the Protestant Church 
which on the Continent separated 
from Luther, and adopted the the- 
ology and ecclesiastical polity of 
Calvin. 

reformer ('er), n. one who effects a 
reformation, religious, moral, or po- 
litical. 

refract (-frakf), v.t. to break the 
natural course of, or bend from a 
straight line. 

refracted ('ed), p.adj. bent back at 
an acute angle ; bent from a direct 
course. 

refracting ('ing), p.adj. having the 
power to turn rays from a direct 
course. 

refraction (-frak'shun), n. the 
change from a straight line which 
a ray of light or heat assumes when 
passing through a smooth surface 
into a medium of greater density at 
any angle other than 90°. 

refractive ('tiv), adj. pertaining to 
refraction. 

refractorily ('to-ri-li), adv. in a re- 
fractory manner. 

refractoriness (-nes), n. perverse 
obstinacy; difficulty of fusion or 
malleability. 

refractory ('to-ri), adj. sullenly or 
perversely obstinate; difficult of fu- 
sion, &c. 

refrain (-fran'), v.t. to restrain: 
vA. to forbear ; abstain from action : 



n. burden of a song repeated at the 
end of each stanza. 

refrangibility (-fran-ji-bil'i-ti), n, 
the quality of being refrangible. 
Also refrangibleness. 

refrangible ('ji-bl), adj. capable of 
being refracted. 

refresh (-fresh'), v.t. to revive after 
fatigue or exhaustion ; reinvigorate ; 
restore. 

refreshing ('ing), adj. reanimating; 
reinvigorating ; cooling. 

refreshment ('ment), n. the act of 
refreshing ; state of being refreshed ; 
that which refreshes, as food or rest. 

refrigerant (-frij'er-ant), adj. cool- 
ing ; refreshing : 7i. a substance that 
cools ; a cooling medicine. Also re- 
frigerative. 

refrigerate ('er-at), v.t. to cool, or 
keep cool, as by a refrigerator. 

refrigeration (-a'shun), n. act of 
cooling. 

refrigerator ('er-a-ter), n. an ap- 
paratus or vessel for preserving or 
cooling things by means of ice, &c. 

refrigeratory ('er-a- to-ri), adj. cool- 
ing. 

refuge (ref'uj), n. protection from 
danger or distress ; shelter or asy- 
lum ; stronghold ; expedient or re- 
source. 

refugee (-e'), n. one who flees for 
protection, especially from political 
or religious persecution. 

refulgence (re-ful'jens), n. bright- 
ness ; flood of light ; splendor. Also 
refulgency. 

refulgent ('jent), adj. casting a 
bright light ; brilliant ; splendid. 

refund (-fund'), v.t to pay back 
again. 

ref usable (-fiiz'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being refused. 

refusal ('al), n. the act of refusing; 
rejection ; right to take the prefer- 
ence; option. 

refuse (-fuz'), v.t. to deny or reject, 
as a demand or request : v.i. to de- 
cline to accept ; not to comply : n. 
(ref'us), waste or worthless mat- 
ter ; rubbish : adj. rejected ; worth- 
less. 

refutable (re-fut'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being refuted. 

refutation (ref-ti-ta'shun), n. the 



lite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut : think, then. 



ref 6 

act of refuting; that which is re- 
futed. 

refute (re-fut'), v.t. to prove to be 
false or erroneous ; repel ; disprov,% 

regain (-gan'), v.t. to recover pos- 
session of ; get back ; reach again. 

regal (re'gal), adj. pertaining to, or 
characteristic of, a king ; kingly ; 
royal. 

regale (-gal')? ^-i- to entertain with 
something to delight the senses ; 
feast sumptuously : v.i. to feast. 

regalia (-ga'Iia), n.pl. the ensigns 
of sovereignty, as the crown, &c. ; 
royal rights or prerogatives ; decora- 
tions of an order or office. 

I*egard (re-gard'), v.t. to observe 
particularly ; heed ; esteem ; con- 
sider : respect ; value : n, attention ; 
respect ; consideration ; reference : 
pi. good wishes. 

regardant ('ant), adj. in heraldry, 
looking backwards or behind. 

regardful ( 'fool ) , adj. taking notice. 

regarding ('ing), prep, concerning. 

regatta (-gat'a), n. a sailing or row- 
ing match for prizes. 

regelation (-jel-a'shun), n. the act 
of freezing two pieces of ice with 
■moist surfaces together at 32° F. 

regency (re'jen-si), n. the office or 
jurisdiction of a regent ; a body in- 
structed with the duties of a re- 
gent. 

regeneracy (re-jen'er-§,-si), n, the 
state of being regenerated. 

regenerate ('er-at), v.t. to renew 
the heart of and cause to turn to 
the love of God ; produce anew : adj. 
renewed ; reformed. 

regeneration (-a'shun), n. the act 
of regenerating; the state of being 
regenerated ; formation of new tis- 
sue to supply that which has been 
lost. 

regenerative ('er-a-tiv), adj. renew- 
ing. 

regeneratory ('er-a-to-ri), adj. hav- 
ing the power to regenerate. 

regent (re'jent), adj. exercising vi- 
carious authority : n. one who gov- 
erns in the interim during the mi- 
nority, absence, or disability of the 
sovereign ; a university teacher ; a 
member of a board of superintend- 



a reg 

ence of colleges and schools in the 
state of New York. 

regent-bird (-herd), n. an Austral- 
ian honey-eater with handsome 
plumage. 

regicidal (rej'i-sl-dal), adj. pertain- 
ing to a regicide or to regicide. 

regicide ('i-sid), n. the murder, or 
murderer, of a king. 

regime (ra-zhem'), n. mode; system 
or rule of government, social or 
political. 

regimen (rej'i-men), n. systematic 
regulation of diet or habit; rule; 
the grammatical regulation of one 
word by another. 

regiment (rej'i-ment), n. a number 
of companies of soldiers united into 
one body under the command of a 
colonel. 

regimental ('al), adj. pertaining to 
a regiment : n.pl. the uniforms worn 
by the troops of a regiment. 

regimentation (-men-ta'shun), n, 
enforced socialism. 

region (re'jun), n. a tract of land; 
country. 

register (rej'is-ter), n. an official 
written record ; the book containing 
such record ; that which registers, 
records, or regulates ; a list of per- 
sons entitled to vote ; an organ 
stop ; musical compass or range. 

registrar (-trar), n. an official who 
keeps a register or record. 

registration (-tra'shun), n. the act 
of inserting in a register. 

registry ('is-tri), n. the place where 
a register is kept. 

reglet (reg'let), n. a flat, narrow 
molding; a slip of wood used for 
separating lines or filling blank 
spaces in printing. 

regnal ('nal), adj. pertaining to a 
reign. 

regnant ('nant), adj. reigning; ex- 
ercising royal authority; prevalent. 

regression (re-gresh'un), n. retro- 
gression. 

regret (-pref), n. mental sorrow or 
concern for anything, as for past 
conduct or negligence ; remorse : v.t, 
[p.t. & p.p. regretted, p.pr. regret- 
ting], to remember with sorrow; 
bewail the loss or want of. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



reg w 

regretful ('fool), adj. full of re- 
gret. 

regretfully (-11), adv. with regret. 

regrettable ('a-bl), adj. admitting 
of, or causing, regret. 

regular (reg'u-lar), adj. according 
to rule, order, or established usage ; 
consistent; governed by rule; uni- 
form ; methodical ; exact ; fully 
qualified ; having sides or surfaces 
composed of equal figures or lines : 
n. a soldier belonging to a standing 
army ; one who is under monastic 
rule. 

regularity (-lar'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being regular; con- 
formity to rule ; uniformity ; method 
or certain order. 

regulate ('ti-lat), v.t. to make regu- 
lar; put in good order; adjust by 
rule. 

regulation (-la'shun), n. the act of 
regulating ; order ; method ; rule. 

regulator ('u-la-ter), n. one who, or 
that which, regulates ; a lever for 
regulating motion ; lever of a watch ; 
an accurate timepiece. 

regulus Cti-lus), n. a metal contain- 
ing more or less impurities of the 
ore. 

regurgitate (re-ger'i-tat), v.i. to be 
thrown or poured back. 

rehearsal (-her'sal), n. a recital in 
private prior to a public perform- 
ance. 

rehearse (-hers'), v.t. to repeat, as 
what has already been said or writ- 
ten ; tell or narrate ; recite before 
public performance. 

Reiclisratli (rikhs'rat), n. the par- 
liament of the Austrian empire. 

Heichstag ('takh), n. the German 
parliament. 

reign ( ran ) , v.i. to exercise sovereign 
authority ; rule ; be predominant : n. 
supreme power or influence ; time 
during which a sovereign rules. 

reimburse (re-im-bers'), v.t. to re- 
fund. 

reimbursement ('ment), n. refund- 
ing. 

rein (ran), n. the strap of a bridle; 
an instrument for curbing, restrain- 
ing, or governing ; power : pi. the 
kidneys, or parts about them ; loins ; 
the heart [Old Testament] : v.t. to 



rel 



govern with a bridle ; restrain ; con- 
trol : v.i. to check a horse with the 
reins. 

reindeer ('der), n. a large Arctic 
deer. 

reinforce (re-in-fors'), v.t. to sup- 
ply with new strength, support, or 
assistance. 

reinforcement ('ment), n. addi- 
tional support. 

reinstate (-in-stat'), v.t. to restore 
to a former state. 

reiteration (-it-er-a'shun), n. repe- 
tition. 

reiterative (-it'er-a-tiv), n. a word 
or part of a word reduplicated ; a 
verb noting reproduction or inten- 
sive action. 

reject (re-jekt'), v.t. to throw away 
as useless or vile ; refuse ; renounce ; 
discard. 

rejective (-jek'tiv), adj. tending to 
reject. 

rejection ('shun), n. the act of re- 
jecting. 

rejoice (-jois'), v.i. to feel or express 
joy or gladness ; exult : v.t. to make 
joyful. 

rejoicing ('ing), n. expression, sub- 
ject, or experience, of joy or glad- 
ness. 

rejoin (-join'), v.t. to unite again 
after separation : v.i. to answer a 
reply ; answer as the defendant to 
the plaintiff's replication. 

rejoinder ('der), n. an answer to a 
reply ; in law, the defendant's an- 
swer to the plaintiff's replication. 

relais (-la'), n. a narrow walk with- 
out the rampart of a fortification. 

relapse (-laps'), vA. to fall back from 
a state of convalescence ; return to 
a former bad state or habit : n. a 
falling into a former bad state; re- 
turn of a disease after convalescence 
or partial recovery. 

relapsing ('ing), p.adj. subject to 
relapse. 

relate (-laf), v.t. to tell; describe; 
recite ; narrate : v.i. to refer. 

related (-la'ted), p.adj. told or de- 
scribed ; allied by kindred or blood 
relationship. 

relation (-la'shun), n. the act of re- 
lating ; the thing related ; mutual 
connection between two or more 



&te, arm, isk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note- ndrthi not ; booOy 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



rel 



667 



rel 



things ; proportion or ratio ; connec- 
tion by birth or marriage; kinsman 
or kinswoman. 

relationsliip (-ship), n. the state of 
being related by kindred, affinity, or 
other alliance. 

relative (rel'a-tiv), adj. having, or 
expressing, relation ; pertinent ; be- 
longing to or connected with; re- 
lating to a word, sentence, or clause : 
n. that which has relation to some- 
thing else ; a person connected by 
kinship or consanguinity ; a word 
which relates to its antecedent. 

relatively (-li), adv. comparatively. 

relativeness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being relative. Also rela- 
tivity. 

relator (re-la'ter), n. one who re- 
lates ; a prosecutor. 

relax (-laks'), v.t. to slacken; make 
less close ; render less tense, rigor- 
ous, or severe ; divert, as the mind ; 
loosen, as the bowels ; make lan- 
guid : vA. to take relaxation ; become 
less severe or close. 

relaxation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
relaxing ; state of being relaxed ; 
diminution of tension ; diversion or 
recreation. 

relay (-la'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. relaid, 
p.pr. relaying], to lay a second 
time : n. fresh post-horses or hunting 
dogs to relieve others ; new supply ; 
a subsidiary electric circuit. 

release (-les'), v.t. to set free; dis- 
charge; free from obligation or pen- 
alty : n. liberation from restraint, 
penalty, pain, &c. ; discharge from 
an obligation. 

relegate (rel'e-gat), v.t. to banish; 
consign. 

relegation (-ga'shun), n. the act of 
relegating. 

relent (-lent*), v.i. to grow less hard 
or severe ; become more tender ; yield. 

relenting ('ing), n. the act of becom- 
ing less hard or more tender or com- 
passionate. 

relessee (-les-e'), n- the person to 
whom a deed of release is granted. 
Also releasee. 

releasor ('er), n. the person who 
grants a deed of release. 

relevancy (rel'e-van-si), n. applica- 
bility; pertinence. Also relevance. 



relevant ('e-vant), adj. applicable; 

related ; pertinent. 

reliability (re-li-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state of being reliable. Also relia- 
bleness. 

reliable ('a-bl), adj. trustworthy. 

reliably ('a-bli), adv. so as to be re- 
lied on. 

reliance Cans), n. confidence; trust. 

reliant ('ant), adj. having reliance. 

relic (rel'ik), n. that which is left 
after the loss or decay of the rest; 
memorial or souvenir ; remains of a 
person deceased ; body or other me- 
morial of a saint held in religious 
reverence. 

relict ('ikt), n. a widow. 

relief (re-lef), n. that which miti- 
gates pain, grief, &c. ; release from 
some post of duty ; assistance given 
to the poor ; aid ; redress ; the pro- 
jection of a sculptured design from 
the plane surface. 

relier (-li'er), n. one who relies. 

relievable (-lev'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being relieved. 

relieve (-lev'), v.t. to free from pain, 
suffering, grief, &c. ; mitigate ; alle- 
viate ; help ; release from a post of 
duty. 

religion (re-lij'un), n. any system of 
faith or worship _; love and obedience 
towards God ; piety ; monastic vow 
or state. 

religious ('us), adj. pertaining to, 
characteristic of, or set apart for, 
religion ; godly ; pious; devotional; 
conscientiously exact or strict ; 
bound by monastic vows : n. one 
who is bound by monastic vows. 

religious-honse (-hous), n. a mon- 
astery or nunnery. 

relinqnisli (-ling'kwish), v.t. to for- 
sake or abandon ; quit ; leave with 
reluctance ; desist from ; renounce a 
claim to. 

relinqnislinient (-ment), n. the act 
of relinquishing ; abandonment. 

reliquary (rel'i-kwa-ri), n. [pi. reli- 
quaries (-riz)], a depository for 
relics ; a casket or small chest for 
holding relics. 

relique (-ek'), n. a relic [French]. 

relish, (rel'ish), v.t. to like the taste 
of ; use with pleasure ; enjoy : v.i. 
to have a pleasing taste : n. sensa- 



ftte, arm, 4sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, nnt: boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



rcl 6( 

tion of flavor; taste; savor; zest; 
enjoyment given by anything ; pleas- 
ure ; inclination. 

reluctance (re-luk'tans), n, unwill- 
ingness. Also reluctancy. 

reluctant ('tant), adj. unwilling; 
disinclined. 

rely (-li'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. relied, 
p.pr. relying], to lean upon with 
confidence; trust or have confidence 
in. 

remain (-man'), v.i. to continue; 
stay ; last ; endure ; be left in a par- 
ticular state or place ; be left after 
or out of a greater number : n.pl. a 
dead body ; the literary works of an 
author published after his death ; 
ruins. 

remand (-mandO, v.t. to recommit 
or send back ; remit in custody to a 
future time : n. the act of remand- 
ing; state of being remanded. 

remark (-mark'), v.t. to note or ob- 
serve ; express ; say : n. notice or ob- 
servation ; comment. 

remarkable ('a-bl), adj. worthy of 
notice or remark ; extraordinary ; 
strange ; famous ; uncommon. 

remarkably (-li), adv. in a remarka- 
ble manner. 

remediable (re-me'di-a-bl), adj. ad- 
mitting remedy. 

remediably (-§.-bli), adv. in a way 
that may be remedied. 

remedial ('di-al), adj. affording, or 
intended for, a remedy. 

remedially (-li), adv. by way of 
remedy. 

remedy ('e-di), n. \_pl. remedies 
(-diz)], that which cures a disease, 
or counteracts an evil ; a restora- 
tive ; an efficacious medicine : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. remedied, p.pr. remedy- 
ing], to repair or remove something 
evil from. 

remember (re-mem'ber), v.t. to re- 
call to mind; attend to; keep in 
mind with gratitude, regard, or rev- 
erence. 

remembrance ('brans), n. power of 
remembering ; memory ; length of 
time during which anything can be 
remembered ; recollection. 

remembrancer (-er), n. one who, or 
that which, reminds ; recorder. 



3 rem 

remind (-mind'), v.t. to bring to the 
remembrance of ; put in mind. 

reminiscence (rem-i-nis'ens), n. re- 
covery of ideas ; memory ; that 
which is remembered. 

reminiscent ('ent), adj. having rec- 
ollection. 

remise (re-mlz'), v.t. to resign or 
surrender by deed : n. the surrender 
of a claim by deed. 

remiss (-mis'), adj. careless in the 
performance of duty or business; 
heedless ; dilatory. 

remission (-mish'un), n. the act of 
remitting ; pardon ; abatement ; re- 
laxation. 

remit (-mit'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. remit- 
ted, p.pr. remitting], to pardon; 
transmit, as money, bills, &c. ; send 
back : v.i. moderate or abate in vio- 
lence or force. 

remittal ( 'al ) , n. surrender ; trans- 
mission. 

remittance ('ans), n. that which is 
remitted ; the sending of money, 
bills, &c., in payment ; the sum so 
transmitted. 

remittent Cent), adj. increasing and 
abating alternately. 

remnant (rem'nant), n. that which 
is left after a part has been re- 
moved ; remainder. 

remonetize (re-mon'e-tiz), v.t. to re- 
store to circulation in the shape of 
money. 

remonstrance (-mon'strans), n. 
strong representation against some- 
thing complained of; expostulation. 

remonstrant ('strant), adj. expos- 
tulatory. 

remonstrate ('strat), v.i. to urge or 
put forward strong reasons against 
some act or course complained of; 
expostulate. 

remorse (re-mors'), n. anguish of 
mind caused by the sense of guilt ; 
sympathetic sorrow ; compunction. 

remorseful ('fool), adj. full of re- 
morse. 

remorsefully (-li), adv. with re- 
morse. 

remorseless ('les), adj. cruel; mer- 
ciless. 

remote (-mot'), adj. distant in time 
or space ; far ; prin^ary ; alien ; for- 
eign ; inconsiderable. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl 



me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



not ; boon, 



Tern 



Tei» 



remotely ('li), adv. at a distance. 

remoteness ('nes), n. distance. 

removability (-moov-a-bil'l-ti), n. 
the quality of being removable. 

removable ('a-bl), adj. capable of 
being removed. 

removal ('al), n. the act of removing 
or displacing ; change of place ; dis- 
missal ; act of putting an end to. 

remove (-moov'), v.t. to put from its 
place ; withdraw ; cut off, or kill : 
v.i. to change place ; change resi- 
dence : n. change of place ; removal ; 
promotion ; class. 

removed (-moovd'), p.adj, remote; 
displaced. 

remunerable (-mu'ner-a-bl), adj. 
that may be remunerated. 

remunerate (-mti'ner-at), v.i. to re- 
ward as an equivalent for service ; 
recompense. 

remuneration (-a'shun), n. pay- 
ment for service ; recompense ; re- 
ward. 

remunerative ('ner-a-tiv),, adj. yield- 
ing an equivalent return for outlay ; 
lucrative ; profitable. 

remuneratory ('ner-a-to-ri), adj. 
yielding remuneration ; profitable. 

Renaissance (-na-sangs'), n. revival 
of letters and arts in the 15th cen- 
tury ; the style of architecture that 
succeeded the Gothic ; the classic 
decm-ative style revived by the artist 
Raphael. Also Renascence. 

renal (re'nal), adj. pertaining to the 
kidneys. 

renard, another form of reynard. 

renascent (re-nas'ent), adj. coming 
again into being. 

rencontre (rang-kong'tr) , n. a casual 
meeting in opposition or contest ; 
collision : v.i. to meet an enemy un- 
expectedly; to come in collision. 
Also recounter. 

rend (rend), v.t. Ip.t. & p.p. rent, 
p.pr. rending], to tear apart with 
violence ; split ; lacerate : v.i. to be- 
come rent. 

render (ren'der), v.t. to return; pay 
back ; make up ; deliver ; afford ; 
yield ; furnish ; reproduce ; trans- 
late ; cause to be boiled down ; ex- 
hibit : n. payment of rent. 

rendering (-ing), n. a translation; 



version ; execution ; first coat of 
plaster. 

rendezvous (ran'da-vo5 or ren'de- 
voo), w. appointed place of meeting, 
especially for warships or troops : 
v.i. to assemble. 

rendition (ren-dish'un), n. surren- 
der ; translation. 

renegade (ren'e-gad), n. one who re- 
nounces his faith ; apostate ; traitor ; 
deserter. 

renew (re-nii'), v.t. to make new ^^ 
again ; restore ; renovate ; reinvig- " 
orate: v.i. to be made new; begin 
afresh ; grow again. 

renewal ('al), n. the act of renew- 
ing; state of being renewed; reno- 
vation ; revival. 

reniform (ren'i-form), adj. kidney- 
shaped. 

rennet (ren'et), n. the inner mem- 
brane of a calf's stomach : used for 
coagulating milk. 

renounce (re-nouns), v.t. to disown; 
reject publicly and finally ; repudi- 
ate ; reject : v.i. in card playing, not 
to follow suit : n, failure to follow 
suit. 

renouncement, same as renuncia- 
tion. 

renovate (ren'6-vat), v.t. to make 
new again ; restore to a previous 
condition, or to a good state; re- 
_pair. 

renovation (-va'shun), n, renewal; 
state of being renovated. 

renovator ( 'o-va-ter ) , n. one who, or 
that which, renovates ; restorer. 

renown (-noun'), n. celebrity; fame; 
distinction : v.t. to make famous. 

renowned (-nound'), p. adj. cele- 
brated ; famous ; illustrious ; dis- 
tinguished. 

rent (rent), n. a tear; fissure; 
schism ; periodical payment for the 
use of property : p.t. & p.p. of rend. 

rental ( 'al ) , n. amount of rent ; 
schedule of rents of an estate ; rent- 
roll. 

renter (rent'er), n. one who holds an 
estate or tenements by payment of 
rent. 

rent-roll (rent'rol), n. a schedule of 
income derived from rents. 

renunciation (re-nun-si-a'shun), n, 
disavowal ; rejection. 



ate, 'arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



rep 



670 



rep 



rep (rep), o(?y.' having a fine corded 
surface : n. a dress fabric with a 
fine corded surface. 

repair (re-par'), ri. to go to a (spec- 
ified) place; betake one's self: v.t. 
to restore after injury ; mend ; reno- 
vate ; make amends : n. restoration 
after injury ; state of a building. 

reparable (rep'a-ra-bl), adj. capable 
of being repaired. 

reparation (-a-ra'shun), n, restora- 
tion to a good condition ; amends 
or compensation ; restitution. 

reparative (re-par'a-tiv), adj. 
amending defects ; repairing. 

repartee (rep-ar-te'), n. a ready, wit- 
ty reply. 

repast (re-past'), n. a meal ; victuals. 

repeal (-pel'), v.t. to revoke or abro- 
gate; annul; n. revocation; abro- 
gation. 

repeat (-pet'), v.t. to do or speak 
a second time ; iterate ; recite ; 
quote from memory: w.. repetition ; 
a sign in music directing a part to 
be repeated. 

repeater ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, repeats ; revolver ; a watch 
that strikes the hours, &c., by press- 
ing a spring; a decimal in which 
the same figure or figures are re- 
peated ; one who illegally votes more 
than once at the same election. 

repel (-pel'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. repelled, 
p.pr. repelling], to drive back; re- 
sist ; check the advance of : v.i. to 
act in opposition to force impressed ; 
check or drive inwards. 

repellent ('ent), adj. driving back; 
tending or able to repel ; repulsive. 

repent (-pent'), v.i. to feel pain or 
sorrow on account of something 
done or left undone, especially for 
sin committed leading to repent- 
ance ; change from past evil : v.t. to 
regret [Old Testament]. 

repentance (-pen'tans), n. contri- 
tion. 

repentant ('tant), adj. penitent. 

repertoire (rep-er-twar'), n. a repos-^ 
itory; stock of dramas, songs, &c., 
ready for use. 

repertory (-to-ri), n. a storehouse; 
treasury. 

repetition (-e-tish'un), n. the act of 
repeating; recital from memory. 



repine (re-pin'), v.i. to fret one's 
self ; murmur ; complain ; feel dis- 
content. 

replenish (-plen'ish), v.t. to fill up 
again ; fill or stock in abundance. 

replenisliment (-ment), n. the act 
of replenishing; state of being re- 
plenished. 

replete (-plet') , adj. completely filled ; 
full. 

repletion, (-ple'shun), n. the state of 
being too full ; plethora. 

replevin (-plev'in), n. an action to 
recover goods wrongfully seized, on 
security being given to try the case ; 
writ for replevying. 

replevy ('i), v.t. [p.t, & p.p. replev- 
ied, p.pr. replevying], to recover by 
writ goods wrongfully seized, on giv- 
ing security to try the right to them 
at law. 

replica (rep'li-ka), n. 2l copy of an 
original picture or statue executed 
by the same artist or sculptor. 

replicate ('li-kat), adj. folded back. 

replication (-ka'shun), n. a reply; 
echo ; repetition ; the plaintiff's an- 
swer to the plea of the defendant. 

replier (re-pli'er), n. one who .re- 
plies. 

reply (-pll'), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. replied, 
p.pr. replying], to answer; respond: 
n. an answer ; response ; rejoiner. 

report (-port'), v.t. to give an ac- 
count of ; relate ; tell f romp one to 
another ; circulate publicly ; take 
down (spoken words) : v.i. to make 
a statement : n. an official statement 
of facts ; description, an account of 
a meeting, &c. ; rumor ; hearsay ; 
noise. 

reportorial (-por-to'ri-al), adj. per- 
taining to, or constituted by, re- 
porters. 

reposal (-poz'al), n. state of repose. 

repose (-poz'), v.t. to lay to rest; re- 
fresh by rest; compose; lay, place, 
or rest, as confidence or trust (with 
in or on) : v.i. to sleep ; recline : n. 
sleep ; quiet ; mental rest ; certain 
parts in a picture which tranquilize 
its aspect. 

repository (-poz'i-to-ri), n. [pi. re- 
positories (-riz)], a warehouse for 
the storing and safe keeping of 
goods ; shop or warehouse. 



ate, arm, isk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



rep 



671 



rep 



repousse (re-poos'a), n. ornamental 
metal work formed in relief and 
chased. 

reprehend (rep-re-hend'), v.t. to cen- 
sure. 

reprehensible (-hen'si-bl), adj. de- 
serving censure ; culpable. 

reprehensibly (-bli), adv. in a rep- 
rehensible manner. 

reprehension ('shun), n. censure; 
reproof. 

reprehensive ('siv), adj. given to, 
or containing, reproof. Also re- 
prehensory. 

represent (rep-re-zent'), v.t. to ex- 
hibit the image of ; show ; describe. ; 
give an account of ; personate or 
act the part of; reproduce; to pre- 
sent again (re-pre-zent'). 

representation (-zen-ta'shun), n. 
the act of representing; that which 
represents ; portrayal ; description ; 
likeness ; image or picture ; dramat- 
ic performance ; body of representa- 
tives ; statement of arguments or 
reasons. 

representative ('ta-tiv), adj. having 
the power or character of another ; 
exhibiting a similitude ; typical : n. 
one who is authorized to act for 
another or others; deputy or dele- 
gate, especially one chosen by a body 
of electors ; a member of the popular 
branch of Congress or of a State 
Legislature ; he who, or that which, 
represents or exhibits a likeness ; 
an heir. 

repress (-pres'), v.t. to check or re- 
strain ; crush ; quell. 

repression (-presh'un) , n. the act of 
repressing. 

repressive (-pres'iv), adj. serving to 
repress. 

repressively (-li), adv. so as to re- 
press. 

reprieve (-prev'), v.t. to grant a 
respite to ; delay the execution of : 
n. temporary suspension of a crim- 
inal sentence. 

reprimand (rep'ri-mind), v.t. to re- 
prove severely ; reprove publicly and 
officially : n. a severe reproof. 

reprisal (re-priz'al), n. something 
done or seized by way of retaliation 
for an injury or wrong suffered. 

reproach (-proch'), v.t. to censure 



severely ; upbraid : n. severe blame 
mingled with contempt; object of 
scorn ; shame or disgrace. 

reproachful ('fool), adj. containing, 
or expressing, reproach. 

reproachfully (-li), adv. in a re- 
proachful manner. 

reprobate (rep'ro-bat), v.t. to con- 
demn strongly or with detestation; 
disown : adj. wholly given . up to 
sin ; abandoned ; depraved : n. a 
profligate person. 

reprobation (-ba'shun), n. the act 
of reprobating; abandonment to 
eternal destruction ; condemnation. 

reproof (-proof), n. censure; re- 
buke. 

reprove (-proov'), v.t. to censure or 
blame ; reprimand ; rebuke. 

reptile (rep'til), n. an animal of the 
class Reptilia that creeps or crawls 
on the ground ; a mean, groveling 
person : adj. creeping ; crawling ; 
groveling. 

reptilian (til'i-an), adj. pertaining 
to, or like, a reptile. Also reptilious. 

republic (re-pub'lik), n. sl state or 
country in which the supreme power 
is vested in representatives elected 
by popular vote ; commonwealth. 

republican ('lik-an), adj. pertaining 
to, characteristic of, or consisting 
of, a republic : n. one who favors 
republican government. 

Republican ('lik-an), n. a member 
of the Republican party, one of the 
two principal political parties in 
the United States. 

republicanism (-izm), n. the prin- 
ciples of a republican government; 
attachment to such principles. 

republicanize (-iz), v.t. to form 
into a republic; convert to republi- 
can ideas. 

republication (-li-ka'shun), n. the 
act of republishing ; re-impression of 
a printed book ; second publication. 

republish ('lish), v.t. to publish 
anew ; print a new edition of. 

repudiate (-pu'di-at), v.t. to dis- 
own or disclaim; refuse to pay or 
acknowledge ; disavow. 

repudiation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
repudiating; disavowal; rejection. 

repudiator ('di-a-ter), n. one who 

I repudiates. 



ate, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



rep 



672 



rea 



repugnance (-pug'nans), n. aver- 
sion ; reluctance ; dislike. Also re- 
pugnancy. 

repugnant ('nant), adj. highly dis- 
tasteful or offensive ; contrary ; hos- 
tile. 

repulse (puis'), v.t. to drive back; 
beat off ; repel : n. the state of being 
driven back or repelled; refusal; 
denial. 

repulsion (-pul'shun), n. the act of 
driving back; state of being re- 
pelled; the power by which certain 
bodies or their molecules recede from 
each other ; aversion. 

repulsive ('siv), adj. tending to re- 
pel ; forbidding ; disgusting. 

repulsively (-li), adv. in a repulsive 
inanner. 

repulsiveness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being repulsive. 

reputable (rep'u-ta-bl), adj. es- 
teemed ; honorable ; respectable. 

reputably ('u-ta-bli), n. in a reputa- 
ble manner. 

reputation (-ta'shun), n. good name 
or character ; honor ; credit. 

repute (-put'), v.t. to estimate; 
deem : n. estimation ; character ; rep- 
utation, 

request (-kwest'), n. desire ex- 
pressed ; petition ; prayer ; demand ; 
entreaty : v.t. to ask for. 

requiem (re'kwi-em), n. a mass, or 
musical setting of a mass, for the 
repose of the soul or a person de- 
ceased. 

require (re-kwir'), v.t. to ask for or 
claim as by right or authority ; de- 
mand ; exact ; need. 

requirement ('ment), n. the act of 
requiring ; that which is required ; 
demand ; necessity. 

requisite (rek'wi-zit), adj. needful; 
indispensable : n. anything requisite. 

requisitely (-li), adv. in a requisite 
manner. 

requisiteness (-nes), n. necessity. 

requisition (-wi-zish'un)_, n. the act 
of requiring ; that which is required ; 
demand, especially a written one : 
v.t. to demand ; make a requisition 
upon. 

requital (-kwit'al), n. retaliation. 

requite (-kwif), v.t. to make return 



for treatment, good or evil ; recom- 
pense ; retaliate ; revenge. 

reremouse (rer'mous), n. the bat. 

rescind (re-sind'), v.t. to annul ; re- 
voke. 

rescission (-sizh'un), n. the act of 
annulling. 

rescript ('skript), n. an edict or de- 
cree, especially of an emperor or 
pope in answer to some question of 
jurisprudence officially submitted to 
him, and having the force of a 
law. 

rescue (res'ku), v.t. to set free from 
danger, restraint, or violence ; lib- 
erate ; deliver : n. deliverance from 
danger, restraint, or violence ; forci- 
ble retaking of persons or goods de- 
tained by legal authority. 

research, (-serch'), n. laborious, care- 
ful inquiry or investigation : v.t. to 
search again ; investigate carefully 
and diligently. 

resemblance (-zem'blans), n. like- 
ness. 

resemble (-zem'bl), v.t. to have a 
likeness to ; have similarity to. 

resent (zent'), v.t. to consider as an 
injury or affront ; take ill ; be angry 
in consequence of. 

resentful ('fool), adj. easily pro- 
voked to anger ; full of resentment. 

resentfully (-li), adv. with resent- 
ment. 

resentment ('ment), n. strong anger 
or displeasure ; deep sense of injury. 

reservation (rez-er-va'shun), n. any- 
thing kept back or reserved ; clause, 
proviso, or limitation, by whicn 
something is reserved ; public land 
reserved for some particular use, as 
schools, &c. 

reserve (re-zerv'), v.t. to keep in 
store ; hold back for future use ; re- 
tain : n. that which is retained for 
future use ; closeness or caution in 
speaking or acting ; taciturnity ; 
modesty : pi. troops kept for the 
support of an army or to meet any 
contingency. 

reservoir (rez'er-vwar), n. a place 
where anything (usually fluids and 
liquids) is collected and stored up. 
for use. 

resetter (re-set'er), n. one who re- 
sets or places again. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



not ; boon, 



res 



673 



res 



reside (re-zid'), v.i. to dwell or in- 
habit ; live. 

residence (rez'i-dens), n. place of 
abode ; domicile ; act of residing. 

residency (-den-si), n. in India, the 
official residence of the British Min- 
ister. 

residential ('shal), n. pertaining to, 
containing or suitable for, residents. 

residual ( re-zid'u-al ) , adj. remain- 
ing after a part has been taken 
away. 

residuary ('u-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
to, or constituting, the residue ; re- 
lating or entitled to the remainder 
of an estate, &c., after deducting 

' legal expenses. 

residue (rez'i-du), n. remainder. 

residuum (re-zid'ti-um), n. that 
which is left after a chemical proc- 
ess. 

resign (-zin') , v.t. to yield to another ; 
surrender formally ; withdraw from ; 
submit calmly ; sign again ( re-sin' ) . 

resignation (rez-ig-na'shun), n. the 
act of resigning; state of being re- 
signed ; calm submission or acqui- 
escence ; patience. 

resilient (re-zil'i-ent), adj. springing 
back. 

resin (rez'in), n. a solid inflammable 
substance obtained from various 
trees which exude it in the form of 
gum. 

resinous (-us), adj. containing, con- 
sisting of, or like, resin. 

resist (re-zisf), v.t. to oppose; with- 
stand ; thwart ; strive against : v.i. 
to make opposition or resistance, 

resistance (-zis'tans), n. the act of 
resisting ; opposition ; power of a 
body that acts in opposition to an- 
other ; in photography, contrast of 
light and shade. 

resistant ('tant), adj. offering re- 
sistance : n. one who, or that which, 
resists. 

resistibility (-zist-i-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being resistible. 

resistible ('i-bl), adj. capable of re- 
sisting. 

resistibly (-bli), adv. in a resistible 
manner. 

resistless ('les), n. irresistible. 

resoluble (rez'6-lu-bl), adj. capable 
of being melted or resolved. 



resolute ('6-lut), adj. determined; 
having a fixed purpose; decided; 
firm ; steady. 

resolutely ('li), adv, in a resolute 
manner. 

resoluteness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being resolute. 

resolution (-lu'shun), n. the act of 
resolving ; state of being resolved ; 
analysis ; fixed determination ; con- 
stancy of purpose ; formal proposal 
in a legislative assembly or public 
meeting ; solution. 

resolution of forces (for'sez), the 
dividing of a force into two or more, 
which would have the same effect as 
if it acted alone. 

resolutive ('o-lu-tiv), adj. having the 
power to dissolve. 

resolvability (re-zol-va-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being resolvable. Re- 
sol vableness. 

resolvable ('va-bl), adj. capable of 
being resolved. 

resolve (-zolv'), v.t. to reduce to 
constituent parts ; analyze ; free 
from doubt or difficulty ; clear or 
separate ; solve ; settle in an opin- 
ion ; decide ; determine by vote ; dis- 
perse, as a tumor, &c. ; carry a dis- 
cord into a concord [music] : v.i. to 
determine ; pass a formal resolution. 

resolved (-zolvd'), p.adj. determined; 
firm.. 

resolvent (-zol'vent), adj. having the 
power of resolving ; causing solu- 
tion : n. a medicine to disperse a 
tumor, &c. 

resonance (rez'6-nans), n. the qual- 
ity of being resonant. Also resonancy. 

resonant ('o-nant), adj. returning 
sound. 

resort (-z6rt'), "y.-^. to betake one's 
self ; go often ; have recourse ; ap- 
ply : n. place much frequented ; con- 
course ; resource. 

resound (-zound'), v.i. & v.t. to re- 
verberate ; be re-echoed ; spread the 
fame or renown of ; send back sound ; 
echo; sound again (re-sound'). 

resource (-sors'), w. source of help 
or supply ; an expedient to which 
one resorts : pi. money ; means of 
any kind. 

resp (resp), n. a disease of sheep. 

respect (re-spekt'), n. regard; ex- 



ftte, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, *7ien. 



^es 



674 



feg 



pression of esteem ; deference ; man- 
ner of treating others; respectful 
demeanor ; point, reference, or par- 
ticular ; pi. expression of good-will 
or regard : v.t. to honor or esteem ; 
have relation to. 

respectability (-a-biri-ti), n, the 
state or quality of being respectable. 

respectable ('a-bl), adj. capable or 
worthy of respect ; held in good re- 
pute ; moderate in excellence or num- 
ber. 

respectably (-bli), adv. in a respect- 
able manner. 

respectful ('fool), adj. characterized 
by respect. 

respectfully (-li), adv. with respect. 

respecting ('ing), prep, concerning. 

respective ('iv), adj. relating to a 
particular person or thing; not ab- 
solute; relative. 

respectively (-11), adv. as each be- 
longs to each; not absolutely. 

respirability (-spir-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being respirable. Re- 
spirableness. 

respirable ('a-bl), adj. that may be, 
or is fit to be, breathed. 

respiration (res-pi-ra'shun), n. the 
act or process of breathing; relief 
from toil. 

respirator ('pi-ra-ter), n. a network 
contrivance for covering the mouth 
and protecting the lungs from cold, 
fog, &c. 

.respiratory ('pi-ra-to-ri), adj. per- 
taining to, or serving for, respira- 
tion. 

respire (-spir'), v.t. to draw air into 
the lungs and expel it again ; 
breathe; inhale: v.t. to breathe in 
and out, as air. 

respite (res'pit), n. pause or tempo- 
rary cessation of anything ; delay ; 
interval of rest ; reprieve : v.t. to 
grant a respite to ; suspend the exe- 
cution of. 

resplendence (re-splen'dens) , n. bril- 
liant luster ; intense light. Also 
resplendency. 

resplendent ('dent), adj. shining 
with brilliant luster; intensely 
bright. 

respond (-spond'), v.i. to answer or 
reply ; be liable for payment : v.t. 



to pay : n, a short anthem sung be- 
tween the reading of the lessons, 

respondent ('ent), adj. giving re- 
sponse: n. one who answers or re- 
plies ; one who maintains a thesis in 
reply ; one who answers to a suit at 
law. 

respondentia (-spon-den'shi-^), n, 
a loan on the security of a ship's 
cargo. 

response (-spons'), n. the act of 
answering ; reply ; in a liturgical 
service, the answer of the congrega- 
tion to the priest. 

responsible ('i-bl), adj. involving 
responsibility ; answerable ; liable. 

responsibly ('i-bli), adv. in a re- 
sponsible manner. 

responsive ('siv), adj. answering; 
correspondent. 

responsively (-li), adv. in a respon- 
sive manner. 

responsiveness (-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being responsive. 

responsory ('o-ri), adj. containing 
answer : n. the answer of the con- 
gregation to the priest in a liturgical 
service. 

rest (rest), n. cessation from motion 
or disturbance ; quiet ; peace ; re- 
pose ; sleep ; death ; place of quiet 
or repose ; trust ; interval of silence 
and its sign [music]; remainder: 
v.i. to cease from motion or action-; 
repose ; be quiet ; sleep ; die ; stand , 
be satisfied ; lean : v.t. to lay to 
rest; place. 

restaurant (res'to-rant, or-to-rang), 
n. a house for refreshment ; an eat- 
ing-house. 

restaurateur (-ra-ter) , n. the keeper 
of a restaurant. 

restful ('fool), adj. full of rest; 
quiet. 

restfuUy (-li), adv. in a restful man- 
ner. 

restitution (-ti-tti'shun), n. the act 
of making good any loss, injury, or 
damage ; compensation ; amends. 

restive (res'tiv), adj. unwilling to 
go forward ; stubborn ; obstinate ; 
uneasy. 

restively (-li), adv. in a restive man- 
ner. 

restiveness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being restive. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



675 



vet 



restorable (re-stor'§.-bl), adj. capa- 
ble of being restored. 

restoration (res-to-ra'shun), n. the 
act of restoring ; renewal ; repair. 

restorative ( re-stor'a-tiv ) , adj. ca- 
pable of restoring : n. a re-invigorat- 
ing medicine. 

restoratively (-li), adv. so as to re- 
store. 

restore (-stor'), v.t. to bring back to 
its former strength ; repair ; rebuild ; 
heal or cure ; re-invigorate ; renevs^ ; 
amend ; reclaim ; store again. 

restrain (-stran'), v.t. to cheek; re- 
press. 

restraint (-strant'), n. the act of 
restraining: state of being re- 
strained ; limitation. 

restrict (-strikf), v.t. to confine or 
limit. 

restriction (-strik'shun), n. the act 
of restricting ; limitation ; confine- 
ment. 

restrictive ('tiv), adj. imposing re- 
straint. 

restrictively (-li), adv. with restric- 
tion. 

result (-zult')> v.i. to follow as c 
consequence ; to come to a decision ; 
ensue ; decree : n. conclusion or con- 
sequence. 

resultant (ant), adj. following as a 
result : n. a single force compounded 
of two or more forces and represent- 
ing their combined effects. 

resulting ('ing), p. adj. following as 
a result or consequence. 

resume (ra-zu-ma'), n. a summary. 

resume (-zum'), v.t. to take up again 
after interruption ; begin again ; 
take back. 

resumption (re-zump'shun), n. the 
act of resuming. 

resurrection (rez-er-ek'shun), n. a 
rising again from the dead ; moral 
revival. 

resurrectionist (-ist), n. formerly 
a man who disinterred dead bodies 
for sale for anatomical purposes. 

resuscitate (re-sus'i-tat), v.t. to re- 
vive from apparent death ; revivify. 

resuscitation (-ta'shun), n. the act 
of resuscitating ; state of being re- 
suscitated. 

resuscitative ('i-ta-tiv), adj. tend- 
ing to resuscitate ; restorative. 



resuscitator ('i-ta-ter), n. one who, 
or that which, resuscitates. 

ret (ret), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. retted, p.pr. 
retting], to steep in water to sepa- 
rate the fibers of a substance, as 
flax, by incipient rotting. 

retail (re-tal'), v.t. to sell in small 
quantities; sell second-hand: n. (re'- 
tal) sale of goods in small quanti- 
ties : adj. dealing in small quantities 
or second-hand. 

retain (-tan'), v.t. to hold or keep 
in possession ; detain ; engage by a 
fee prepaid. 

retainer {'er), n. one who, or that 
which, retains ; a dependent ; at- 
tendant ; preliminary retaining fee 
paid to counsel. 

retaliate (-tal'i-at), v.t. to return by 
giving like for like (usually in an 
ill sense). 

retaliation (-a'shun), n. the act o! 
retaliating. 

retaliative ('i-a-tiv), adj. returning 
like for like ; vindictive. Also re- 
taliatory. 

retard (-tard'), v.t. to hinder or ob- 
struct ; delay ; keep back. 

retardation (-tiir-da'shun), n. the 
act of retarding ; hindrance ; post- 
ponement. 

retar dative ('da-tiv), at?/, tending to 
retard. 

retch (rech), v.i. to try to vomit; 
strain in vomiting. 

retention (re-ten'shun), n. the act 
of holding back ; power of retaining, 
especially ideas. 

retentive ('tiv), adj. having the 
power to retain. 

retentively (-li), adv. with reten- 
tiveness. 

retentiveness (-nes), n. the quality 
of being retentive. 

reticence (ret'i-sens), n. silence; re- 
serve. 

reticent ('i-sent), adj. silent; re- 
served. 

reticular (-tik'u-iar), adj. formed 
with interstices. 

reticulate ('u-lat), adj. formed of, 
or resembling, net-work. 

reticule (ret'i-ktil), n. a lady's hand- 
bag or workbag; a telescopic eye- 
piece across which is stretched a 
network of very fine material for 



ate, arm, dsk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



A 



j*et 



676 



vet 



dividing the field of view into small 
equal squares. 

retiform (re'ti-fOrm), adj, net- 
shaped. 

retina (ret'i-na), n. one of the coats 
of the eye, containing the ends of 
the sensory nerves v^hich receive the 
impressions which give rise to vis- 
ion. 

retinitis (-i-ni'tis), n. inflammation 
of the retina. 

retinue ('i-nu), n. the suite or at- 
tendants of a prince or person of 
distinction ; train. 

retiracy (re-tir'a-si), n. the state of 
having retired ; competency. 

retire (-tir'), v.i. to go to a place of 
privacy ; withdraw ; retreat ; recede ; 
withdraw from business, official, or 
active life : to go to bed. 

retired (-tird'), adj. secluded from 
society; having given up business, 
&c. ; private. 

retirement (-tir'ment), n. the act 
of retiring ; state of being retired ; 
privacy; solitude. 

retiring ('ing), adj. reserved, not 
obtrusive ; assigned, as a pension, to 
an official retiring from the public 
service, &c. 

retort (-tort'), 'v.t. to return, as an 
argument, incivility, censure, accu- 
sation, &c. : v.i. to make a retort : 
n. censure, incivility, &c., returned ; 
sharp reply ; a vessel used in distill- 
ing and decomposing substances. 

retonch (-tuch'), v.t. to touch again; 
improve by going over a work of art 
to restore faded parts, &c. 

retract i^-trakt'), v.t. to draw, or 
take back ; recall ; rescind ; recant : 
v.i. to withdraw something pre- 
viously said or written : n. the prick 
of a horse's foot in nailing a horse- 
shoe. 

retractible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
being retracted. Also retractile, re- 
tractable. 

retractation (-trak-ta'shun), n. the 
act of retracting ; recantation ; dis- 
avowal. Also retraction. 

retractor ('ter), n. one who re- 
tracts ; a muscle or instrument for 
drawing back. 

retreat (-tret'), n. the act of with- 
drawing or retiring ; retirement or 



seclusion ; place of privacy ; shelter ; 
the retiring of an army or body of 
troops from the face of an enemy or 
an advanced position ; signal for re- 
tiring from an engagement, or to 
quarters : v.i. to withdraw to seclu- 
sion or place of safety ; retire before 
an enemy. 

retrench, (-trench'), v.t. to furnish 
with a retrenchment: v.i, cut down 
expenses. 

retrenclinient ('ment), n. curtail- 
ment ; reduction of expenses ; a mil- 
itary work constructed inside an- 
other to resist an enemy who has 
forced the outer one. 

retribution (ret-ri-bti'shun), n. re- 
ward or punishment suitable to the 
action ; distribution of rewards or 
punishments in future life at the 
final judgment. 

retributive (re-trib'ii-tiv), adj. re- 
warding for good deeds and punish- 
ing for offenses. Also retributory, 

retrievable (-trev'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being retrieved. 

retrievableness (-nes), n. the state 
of being retrievable. 

retrievably ('a-bli), adv. in a re- 
trievable manner. 

retrieve (-trev'), v.t. to recover; re- 
store ; regain : v.i. to act as a re- 
triever. 

retriever ('er), n. a variety of dog 
trained to fetch game. 

retro, a prefix meaning "bach, hack- 
wards, as retrospect, a review of the 
past. 

retrocede ('re-tro-sed') , v.t. to cede or 
grant back. 

retrocession (-sesh'un), n. the act 
of going back. 

retrograde ('tro-grad), adj. going or 
moving backwards ; apparently mov- 
ing from east to west as a planet; 
going from a better to a worse moral 
condition ; becoming less highly or- 
ganized : v.i. to go backwards. 

retrogression (-gresh'un), n. the act 
of going backward. 

retrogressive, same as retrograde. 

retrospect, see under retro. 

retrospection (-spek'sfeun), n. the 
act or faculty of looking back on 
the past. 

retrospective ('tiv), adj. looking 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ret 



677 



rev 



back on things past; referring to 
past things. 

retrospectively (-li), adv. in a re- 
trospective manner. 

retroversion (-ver'shun), n. a turn- 
ing or falling backward. 

return (re-tern'), v.i. to come back 
again to the same place or state ; 
revisit ; retort : v.t. to repay ; re- 
store ; requite ; elect ; reply or report 
officially : n. ,the act of going back 
or returning ; retrogression ; repay- 
ment ; requital ; restitution ; remit- 
tance ; advantage ; profit ; official re- 
port. 

returning officer ('ing of'i-ser), n. 
an official whose duty it is to preside 
at an election, make returns to 
writs, juries, &c. 

retuse (-tus'), adj. very blunt; hav- 
ing the extremity broad and slight- 
ly depressed. 

reunion (re-ti'nyun), n. a festive 
gathering of familiar friends or as- 
sociates ; act of reuniting. 

reunite (-ii-mt'), v.t. to unite again ; 
reconcile after variance : v.i. become 
united again. 

reveal (re-vel'), v.t. to make known; 
disclose: n. the vertical side of a 
doorway, window, &c. 

reveille (rev-el-e' or re-val'ye), n. 
the beat of a drum, or bugle call at 
daybreak to awaken soldiers. 

revel (rev'el), n. a noisy or riotous 
feast : v.i. to feast with joyous or 
clamorous merriment. 

revelation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
revealing or making known, espe- 
cially Divine truth ; that which is 
revealed, especially by God to man. 

reveler ('el-er), n. one who revels. 

revelry (-ri), n. boisterous festivity. 

revenge (re-venj'), v.t. to inflict pain 
or punishment because of ; exact re- 
tribution for ; avenge : n. the act of 
revenging ; malicious injuring in re- 
turn for an injury or offense re- 
ceived ; retaliation ; malice. 

revengeful ('fool), adj. vindictive. 

revengefully (-li), adv. vindictively. 

revenue (rev'e-nu), n. the general 
income of a state, derived from the 
annual taxes, excise, customs, &c. ; 
annual profits from lands, &c. 

reverberate (re-ver'ber-at), v.t. to 



send back, as sound ; re-echo : v.i, 
to be driven back, or reflected, as 
sound or light. 

reverberation (-a'shun), n. the act 
of reverberating. 

reverberatory ('ber-a-t5-ri), adj. 
pertaining to, or characterized by, or 
produced by, reverberation : n. a 
domed furnace which reflects the 
flame upon a vessel placed within 
it, without being in contact with 
the fuel. 

revere (ver'), v.t. to regard with 
fear mingled with respect and affec- 
tion ; reverence. 

reverence (rev'er-ens), n. venera- 
tion ; honor ; respect ; act of obei- 
sance ; a title given to the clergy 
(with his, your) : v.t. to regard with 
reverence. 

reverend (-end), adj. worthy of rev- 
erence. 

Ke ver end (-end), n. a title given to 
the clergy. 

reverent (-ent), adj. showing, or ex- 
pressive of, reverence ; humble ; sub- 
missive. ■ 

reverential (-en'shal), adj. proceed- 
ing from reverence ; respectful. 

reverentially (-li), adv. with rever- 
ence. 

reverie ('er-i), n. deep musing; wake- 
ful dreaminess ; irrregular train of 
thoughts or fancies in meditation. 

reversal (re-ver'sal), n. the act of 
reversing ; overthrow or annulling ; 
repeal. 

reverse (-vers'), adj. turned btick- 
ward ; having an opposite direction ; 
made or declared void : v.t. to turn 
upside down; change entirely: n. 
the contrary or opposite; back of a 
coin or medal; change; vicissitude; 
defeat. 

reversible ('i-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing reversed. 

reversion ('shun), n. right to future 
possession or enjoyment; tendency 
of an animal or plant to revert to its 
original form, &c. 

reversionary (-a-ri), adj. pertaining 
to, or involving, right of reversion. 

revert (-vert'), v.t. to turn back; 
change; reverse: v.i. to return or 
fall back ; return to the original 
owner or his heirS. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



rev 



678 



rlia 



revertible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
being reverted. 

revest (-vest'), v.i, to return to a 
former ow^ner. 

revetment (-vet'ment), n. in fortifi- 
cation, a strong wall erected round 
the lower part of the rampart ; a re- 
taining wall. 

review (-vti'), v.i. to consider over 
again ; re-examine ; look back ; re- 
vise ; examine critically ; inspect 
(troops, &c.) ; write a critical notice 
of : n. the act of reviewing ; re-ex- 
amination ; survey of the past ; criti- 
cism, especially of a new publica- 
tion ; a periodical with criticisms on 
new books, essays, &c. ; inspection of 
troops, &c. 

revile (-vil'), v.t. to address with 
opprobrious or contumelious lan- 
guage ; reproach. 

revise (-viz'), v.t. to review and 
amend ; examine for correction : n. 
a revision ; second proof-sheet. 

revision (-vizh'un), n. the act of ex- 
amining for correction ; that which 
is revised. 

revival (-vi'val), n. the act of re- 
viving; recovery; renewal of life; 
renewed performance of ; reproduc- 
tion ; spiritual awakening. 

revivalism (-izm), n. an interest in 
revivals of religion, or the methods 
of procedure to promote such. 

revivalist (-ist), n. one who pro- 
motes revivals. 

revive (-viv'), v.i. to recover life; 
return to vigor or activity, especially 
from a state of languor, neglect, &c. : 
v.t. to restore to life again ; reno- 
vate ; reproduce. 

revivify (-viv'i-fi), v.t. \_p.t. & p.p. 
rev'vified, p.pr. revivifying], to re- 
animate ; quicken. 

revocable (rev'o-ka-bl), adj. that 
may be revoked. 

revocation (-ka'shun), n. the act of 
revoking ; recall ; repeal ; reversal. 

revoke (-vok'), v.t. to recall; re- 
peal ; annul : v.i. to fail to follow 
suit at cards : n. the act of revoking 
at cards. 

revolt (-volt')» n. rebellion against 
constituted authority ; insurrection ; 
change of sides ; desertion : v.i, to 



turn away in disgust ; to rebel : v.i. 
overturn ; shock. 

revolting ('ing), p. adj. disgusting; 
repellent. 

re volute (rev'o-lut), adj. rolled back- 
wards. 

revolution (-Iti'shun), n. the act of 
revolving ; rotation ; change or al- 
teration of system ; motion of a 
point or line about a center ; recur- g 
rence or succession; fundamental b 
and sudden change in the govern-? 
ment of a country. '^ 

revolutionary (-a-ri), adj. pertain- 
ing to, tending to produce, or consti- 
tuting, a revolution : n. a revolution- 
ist. 

revolutionist ('shun-ist), n. one 
who organizes or takes part in a 
revolution. 

revolutionize ('shun-iz), v.t. to 
cause a revolution or entire change 
of government or any system. 

revolve (re-volv'), vA. to turn round, 
as on an axis ; roll in a circle ; ro- 
tate : v.t. to cause to turn or roll 
round ; meditate or reflect upon. 

revolver (-vol'ver), n. one who, or 
that which, revolves ; a pistol with 
revolving barrels, fired successively 
without reloading. 

revolving ('ving), adj. turning 
round. 

revulsion (-vul'shun), n. sudden and 
violent change, especially of feeling ; 
diversion of the cause of a disease 
from one part of the body to an- 
other. 

revulsive ('siv), adj. having the 
power of, or tending to, revulsion. 

reward (-ward'), n. something given 
as a return for good or ill received ; 
recompense ; retribution ; punish- 
ment; gift in token of approved 
rnerit : v.t. to give in return for good 
or ill received ; recompense ; punish. 

reynard (ren'ard), n. the fox. 

Rhadamanthine ( rad-a-man'thih ) , 
adj. sternly just and inflexible : from 
Rhadamanthus, one of the three 
judges in classic mythology who de- 
cided the fate of the souls of the de- 
parted in the lower world. 

rhapsodic (rap-sod'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or connected with, rhapsody ; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



rlia 



679 



rlio 



unconnected ; confused. Also rhap- 
sodical. 

rhapsodist ('so-dist), n, one who 
makes or recites verses, especially 
one whose profession was to recite 
the Homeric or other epics. 

rhapsodize ('so-diz), v.i, to write or 
utter rhapsodies. 

rhapsody ('so-di), n. [pi. rhapso- 
dies (-diz)], any unconnected or 
rambling composition, composed 
under the influence of excitement ; 
part of an epic poem for recitation 
at one time. 

rhea (re'a), n. the South American 
ostrich. 

Rhenish (ren'ish), adj. pertaining to 
the river Rhine : n. Rhine wine. 

rheochord (re'o-kord), n. a metallic 
wire used for measuring the resist- 
ance or variability of an electric 
current. 

rheometer (-om'e-ter), n. an instru- 
ment for measuring the intensity of 
an electric current, 

rheometry ('e-tri), n. the art of 
measuring the intensity and velocity 
of electric and other currents. 

rheoinotor ('o-mo-ter), n. an appa- 
ratus by which an electrical current 
is generated. 

rheophore ('o-for), n. the connecting 
wire of an electric or galvanic ap- 
paratus. 

rheoscope ('o-skop), n. an apparatus 
for detecting an electric current. 

rheostat ('o-stat), n. an apparatus 
for regulating an electric current. 

rheotome ('o-tom), n. an apparatus 
for interrupting an electric current 
at stated intervals. 

rheotrope ('6-trop), n. an apparatus 
for periodically reversing the direc- 
tion of an electric current. 

rhesus ('sus), n. a monkey, held sa- 
cred in certain parts of India. 

rhetoric (ret'o-rik), n. the art of 
speaking with elegance and force ; 
declamation ; showy oratory, 

rhetorical (re-tor'i-kalj, adj. per- 
taining to rhetoric; figurative; de- 
clamatory. 

rhetorically (4i), adv. in a rhetor- 
ical manner. 

rhetorician (ret-o-rish'^n), n. a 



teacher of rhetoric, or one skilled in 
the art ; orator. 

rheum (room), n. the increased ac- 
tion of the vessels of any organ, es- 
pecially the lungs or nostrils, pro- 
ducing an increased discharge of 
secretions. 

rheumatic (-at'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or affected by, rheumatism. Also 
rheumatical. 

rheumatism ('§.-tizm), n. a painful 

disease of the muscles and joints ac- 

^companied by swelling and stiffness. 

rhino (ri'no), n. money: a prefico 
meaning the nose. Also rhin. 

rhinoceros (-nos'er-os), n. a large 
pachydermatous animal allied to the 
elephant, with one or two horns on 
the snout. 

rhinoplasty ('no-plas-ti), n. a surgi- 
cal operation by which a new nose 
is formed or partially restored by in- 
grafting new flesh. 

rhinoscope ('no-skop), n. an instru- 
ment furnished with a mirror for 
examining the passages of the nose. 

rhizome ('zom), n. a thick stem run- 
ning along or under the ground, pro- 
ducing roots below and shoots above. 
Also rhizoma. 

rhodium Cro'di-um), n. one of the 
metallic elements, rare and of ex- 
treme hardness. 

rhodo, a prefix meaning a rose. 

Rhododendron (ro-do-den'dron), n. 
a genus of ornamental evergreen 
shrubs with large handsome rose- 
like flowers. 

rhodopsin (ro-dop'sin), n. the visual 
purple of the retina. 

rhomb, same as rhombus. 

rhombic (rom'bik), adj. rhombus- 
shaped. 

rhombohedral (-bo-he'dral), adj, 
pertaining to, or formed like, a 
rhombohedron. 

rhombohedron ('dron), n. a solid 
figure bounded by 6 rhombic planes. 

rhomboid ('bold), n. a 4-sided figure 
having its opposite sides equal, and 
its angles not right angles : adj. loz- 
enge-shaped. Also rhomboidal. 

rhombus ('bus), n. a 4-sided figure 
whose sides are equal and the oppo- 
site sides parallel, but which has two 
of its angles obtuse and two acute ; 



I 



ate, arm, ^sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not : boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



rHn 



rid 



a genus of flat fishes, containing the 
turbot, &c. 

rliubarlj (ro5'barb) , n. a plant whose 
leaf-stalks used for culinary pur- 
poses, and its roots used in medicine 
as a purgative. 

rlnimb (rum), n. a circle making any 
given angle with the meridian ; a 
point of the compass. 

Tlxumb-line ('lin), n. the track of a 
ship which cuts all the meridians at 
the same angle. 

rhyme (rim), n. the correspondence 
of the sound of the last word or syl- 
lable of one verse or line to the sound 
of the last word or syllable of anoth- 
er ; harmonical succession of sounds ; 
poetry : v.i. to accord in sound ; 
make verses or rhymes : v.t. put into 
rhyme. Rime (more correctly). 

rliymic ('ik), adj. pertaining to 
rhyme. 

rhyme (rim), n. the correspondence 
measure or time in poetry or prose ; 
meter ; verse. 

rbytlimic (rith'mik), adj. pertaining 
to rhythm ; harmonical ; periodical. 
Also rhythmical. 

rliytlimically (-al-li), adv. in a 
rhythmic manner. 

rib (rib), n. one of the curved bones 
attached to the vertebral column and 
supporting the lateral walls of the 
thorax ; anything resembling a rib : 
a piece of timber to shape and 
strengthen the side of a ship; the 
main vein of a leaf : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
ribbed, p.pr. ribbing], to furnish, or 
inclose, with ribs ; form with 
grooves. 

ribald ('aid), adj. low; obscure; 
filthy : n. a vulgar, foul-mouthed, li- 
centious fellow. 

ribaldry (-ri), n. obscenity. 

ribbon ('on), n. sl fillet or strip of 
silk, &c. ; narrow strip. 

rice (ris), n. a valuable food grain, 
produced extensively in hot coun- 
tries. 

rice-bird ('herd), n. the bobolink. 

rice-paper ('pa-per), n. a kind of 
paper prepared from pith : used in 
China, &g., for painting upon. 

irich. (rich), adj. abounding in money 
or possessions ; wealthy ; opulent ; 
sumptuous ; valuable ; splendid ; fer- 



tile ; fruitful ; high-flavored ; mel- 
low ; full of beauty ; vivid ; sweet or 
harmonious in sound : n. rich people 
collectively (with the) : pi. wealth ; 
affluence. 

rick (rik), n. a pile or heap, as of 
hay or corn, and usually thatched 
or sheltered: v.t. to pile or heap in 
a rick. 

rickets ('ets), n. a disease affecting 
children, characterized by softness 
and curvature of the bones, due to 
the absence of lime. 

rickety ('et-i) , adj. affected with rick- 
ets ; feeble in the joints ; unsteady. 

ricochet (-o-sha' or -o-shet'), n. the 
rebounding of a shot or shell, &c., 
along the ground or from the surface 
of the water : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. rico- 
chetted, p.pr. ricochetting], to bound 
by touching the earth or the surface 
of water and glancing off, as a can- 
non-ball : v.t. to cause to ricochet. 

rid (rid), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. rid, p.pr. 
ridding], to set free; deliver; clear 
or destroy by violence : adj. clear ; 
free. 

riddance Cans), n. the act of ridding 
or clearing away ; deliverance. 

ridden ('n), p.p. of ride. 

riddle ('!), n. an enigma; puzzling 
question ; something ambiguous ; a 
large sieve : v.t. to solve, as a riddle ; 
to sift by a riddle; perforate with, 
or as with, shot : v.i. to speak ambig- 
uously or as in riddles. 

riddlings ('lingz), n.pl. broken ore 
of medium size obtained by sifting. 

ride (rid), v.i. & v.t. [p.t. rode, p.p. 
ridden, p.pr. riding], to be borne 
along, as on horseback or in a ve- 
hicle ; practice horsemanship ; man- 
age a horse well ; sit, float or rest 
on ; to sit on so as to be carried ; 
manage insolently at will : n. excur- 
sion on horseback or in a vehicle ; 
drive ; road ; district under an officer 
of the excise. 

rideau (re-do'), n. a small mound to 
cover a camp from the approach of 
^the enemy. 

rider (rid'er), n. one who rides on, 
breaks, or manages, a horse ; an ad- 
ditional clause to a document ; sub- 
sidiary problem. 

ridge (rij), n. anything formed like 



ate, i^vm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



rid 



681 



Til 



an animal's back, as a continuous 
range of hills, &c. ; crest of a roof : 
v.t. to form or furnish with a ridge ; 
wrinkle. 

ridgy ('i), adj. rising in ridges. 

ridicule (rid'i-kul), n. words or ac- 
tion designed to bring the subject of 
it into contempt ; banter ; mockery ; 
satire : v.t. to treat or address with 
ridicule; expose to contemptuous 
merriment ; laugh at. 

ridiculous j(ri-dik'u-lus), adj. de- 
serving or exciting ridicule; prepos- 
terous ; absurd ; ludicrous ; droll. 

riding (rid'ing), p.adj. employed for 
traveling : n. a road cut through a 
wood or ground for riding upon. 

ridotto (ri-dot'o), n. a public assem- 
bly ; a public entertainment of music 
and dancing. 

rifaciineuto (re-fa-chi-men'to), n. 
the recasting of a literary work to 
adapt it to changed circumstances. 

rife (rif)j o.dj. prevalent, common. 

riif-raff (rif'raf), n. refuse; the rab- 
ble. 

irifle (ri'fl), n. a musket with the bar- 
rel spirally grooved : pi. troops 
armed with rifles : v.t. to groove spi- 
rally ; pillage. 

xdfle-bird (-herd), n. an Australian 
bird. 

rifle-corps (-kor), n. a body armed 
with rifles. 

rifler ('fler), n. a plunderer. 

rift (rift), n. an opening or split in 
anything ; fissure : v.t, to cleave or 
split. 

rig (rig), n. a practical poke or frolic ; 
dress ; manner of fitting the masts 
and rigging to the hull of a vessel : 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p. rigged, p.pr. rig- 
ging] , to furnish or fit with rigging ; 
dress (with out). 

rigadoon (-a-doon'), n. an old-fash- 
ioned lively dance performed by one 
couple. 

rigger ('er), n. one whose occupation 
is to fit the rigging of a vessel ; a 
band-wheel with a flat or slightly 
curved rim. 

Tigging ('ing), n. the cordage or 
ropes by which the masts of a ves- 
sel are supported, and the sails ex- 
tended or furled. 

right (rit), adj. according to truth, 



justice, or law ; correct ; fit ; true ; 
exact ; most direct ; noting the side 
opposed to the left ; most conven- 
ient ; well performed ; rising perpen- 
dicularly : adv. in a right line ; just- 
ly : n. uprightness ; truth ; justice ; 
rectitude ; propriety ; virtue ; legal 
claim ; the right side : v.t. to set up- 
right ; make right or straight ; cor- 
rect ; do justice to : v.i. to recover 
the vertical position : inter j. v/ell 
done! 

riglit-angle ('ang-gl), n. an angle of 
90°, formed by one straight line 
standing perpendicular to another. 

righteous ('yus), adj. just; equita- 
ble; honest; holy; deserved. 

righteousness (-nes), n. the quality 
of being righteous ; holiness ; jus- 
tice ; moral integrity. 

rightful ('fool), adj. having a just 
claim ; accordant with justice. 

rightfully (-li), adv. in a right man- 
ner. 

rightfulness (-nes), n. justice. 

rigid (rij'id), adj. not pliant; stiff; 
inflexible; strict; stern; severely 
just. 

rigidity (ri-jid'i-ti), n. want of plia- 
bility ; stiffness ; resistance to change 
of form. 

riglet, same as reglet. 

rigmarole (rig'ma-rol), n. foolish, 
disconnected talk ; long story. 

rigol (rig'ol), n. a circle; diadem. 

rigor ('er), n. stiffness or severity; 
exactitude; strictness; severity of 
climate. 

rigorism (rig'er-izm), n. austerity or 
severity in principle or practice ; 
obedience to the law ; the philosoph- 
ical doctrine that self-control and 
disregard of circumstances consti- 
tute human happiness. 

rigorist (-ist), adj. pertaining to rig- 
orism; one who is very austere or 
severe. 

rigor mortis (ri'gor mSr'tis), n. 
stiffness of the body caused by death. 

rigorous (rig'er-us), adj. character- 
ized by, or exercising, vigor ; stern ; 
inflexible ; scrupulously accurate. 

Rigsdag (rigz'dag), n. the Danish 
parliament. 

rill (ril), n. a small stream or rivu- 
let : v.i. to run in a small stream. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



rim 



682 



ris 



a border or margin ; 
brim : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
rimming], to furnish 



rim (rim), n. 
raised border 
rimmed, p.pr. 
with a rim. 

rime (rim), n. hoar-frost; another 
form of rhyme: v.i. to congeal into 
hoar-frost. 

rim.ose (ri'mos), adj. full of, or cov- 
ered with, cracks. Also rimous. 

rimple ( rim'pl ) , w. a wrinkle or fold : 
v.t. to become wrinkled. 

rimy (rim'i), adv. frosty. 

rind (rind), n. the outer covering of 
fruit, &c.; bark: v.t. to strip the 
rind from. 

rinderpest (rin'der-pest), n. a ma- 
lignant and contagions disease in 
cattle; cattle plague. 

ring (ring), n. a circle; anything cir- 
cular in form ; small hoop worn on 
the finger or used as a means of at- 
tachment ; circular area or course ; 
combination for private ends ; pu- 
gilists or betting-men collectively 
(with the) : v.i. [p.t. rang, p.p. 
rung, p.pr. ringing], to sound as a 
bell when struck ; practice the art of 
ringing bells ; tingle : v.t. to cause to 
sound, as metal when struck ; sound 
aloud or abroad. 

ringdove ('duv), n. the wood-pigeon. 

ringing ('ing), p.adj. sounding like a 
bell ; resonant : n. the act of sound- 
ing as a bell ; sound as of a bell 
ringing. 

ringleader ('le-der), n. the head of a 
riotous body or faction. 

ringlet ('let), n. a little ring; curl. 

ring-ousel ('oo-zl), n. a kind of 
thrush. 

ringworm (Verm), n. a contagious 
cutaneous disease, usually on the 
scalp, characterized by distinct cir- 
cular patches. 

rink (ringk), n. a long clear space on 
the ice used for curling; a ground 
for skating upon : v.i. .to skate on a 
rink. 

rinse (rins), v.t. to cleanse lightly 
with clean water ; cleanse repeated- 
ly ; give a final cleansing to after 
washing : n. a cleansing with a seg- 
^ond application of clean water. 

riot (ri'ot), n. uproar; tumult; noisy 
revelry; luxurious excess; disturb- 
ance of the public peace by more 



than three persons: v.i. to raise an 
uproar ; go to excess in sensual in- 
dulgence ; be highly excited. 

rioting ('ot-ing), n. reveling; uproar. 

riotous (-us), adj. indulging in riot 
or excess ; licentious ; noisy ; turbu- 
lent ; seditious. 

rip (rip), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ripped, p.pr. 
ripping], to divide by tearing or cut- 
ting ; cut asunder ; disclose ; undo the 
seam of: v.i. to swear (with out) : 
n. a rent or tear ; a rogue or cheat ; 
a wicker basket for fish. 

riparian (ri-pa'ri-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to the banks of a river. 

ripe (rip), adj. brought to maturity 
or perfection ; ready for harvest ; fit 
for use ; complete ; resembling ripe 
fruit. 

ripely ('li), adv. in a ripe manner. 

ripen ('en), v.t. to make ripe; bring 
to perfection : v.i. to grow ripe. 

ripeness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being ripe ; maturity, 

ripper ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, rips ; something or somebody 
super-excellent. 

ripple (rip'l) , n. a small curling wave 
on the surface of water ; the sound 
made by such waves ; large comb for 
cleansing flax : v.t. to cover with 
small curling waves ; cleanse with a 
ripple. 

rippling ('ling), n. the breaking of, 
or sound made by, ripples ; the act 
of cleansing flax by a ripple. 

riprap ('rap), n. a loose foundation 
of stones in deep water on a soft 
bottom. 

rise (riz), v.i. [p.t. rose, p.p. risen, 
p.pr. rising], to ascend; get up from 
the ground or recumbent position ; 
begin to stir ; swell in quantity or 
extent ; grow upward ; spring ; tower 
up ; appear above the horizon ; come 
in view or existence ; be promoted ; 
thrive ; be hostile ; close a session ; 
ascend from the grave : . n. the act of 
rising ; ascent ; elevated place ; ap- 
•pearance above ; origin ; source ; in- 
crease of price or value, social ad- 
vancement or distinction; anger (in 
"take the rise out of"). 

risibility (riz-i-bil'i-ti), n. inclina- 
tion to laughter. Also risibleness. 

risible ( 'i-bl ) , adj. having the faculty 



ate, arm, ask, at, 



awl ; me, merge, met 
book ; hue, hut ; 



mite, 
think, 



mit ; note, north, 
then. 



not ; boon. 



ris 



rob 



or power of laughing; inclined to 
langh ; causing laughter. 

risibly ('i-bli), adv. laughably. 

rising (riz'ing), n. the act of getting 
up or ascending ; insurrection ; an 
ascent ; closing of a session : adj. in- 
creasing, as of wealth or influence ; 
appearing above the horizon ; reviv- 
ing from death. 

risk (risk), n. possibility of loss or 
injury ; hazard ; peril ; danger : v.t. 
to hazard ; venture upon. 

risky ('i), adj. hazardous; danger- 
ous ; approaching indelicacy. 

risorial (ri-s6'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or exciting, laughter. 

risotto (re-sot'o), n. an Italian dish 
of rice with onions, &c., fried in but- 
ter. 

rissole (ris'ol), n. a savory mince in- 
closed in a thin batter paste and 
fried. 

rite (rit), n. a solemn religious act; 
external religious observance. 

ritornello (re-tor-nel'o), n. a short 
introduction or concluding sympho- 
ny ; repetition or burden of a song. 
Also ritornelle. 

ritual (rit'ti-al), adj. pertaining to, 
consisting of, or prescribing, rites : 
n. manner of performing divine serv- 
ice ; a book of rites, or manner of 
service; body of rites used in the 
Church. 

rittaalisin (-izm), n. a system of rit- 
ual or prescribed forms of religion ; 
excessive observance of forms in di- 
vine worship ; Tractarianism ; An- 
glo-Catholicism, especially as empha- 
sized by the use of Eucharistic vest- 
ments. 

ritualist (-ist), n. one who advo- 
cates, or is skilled in, ritual ; an 
^nglo-Catholic. 

ritualistic (-al-ist'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or characterized by, ritual- 
ism ; pertaining to ritualists. 

ritually ('ti-al-i), adv. by rites. 

rival (ri'val), n. one who strives to 
equal or excel another in the same 
object or pursuit ; competitor ; an- 
tagonist : adj. having the ^ same 
claims ; emulous : v.t. to strive to 
equal or excel ; emulate. 

rivalry (-ri), n. competition; emula- 
tion. 



rive (riv), v.t. [v.t. rived, p.p. riven, 
p.pr. riving], to be split or torn 
asunder : n. a rent, tear, or split. 

river ('er), n. a large running srream 
of water flowing into the sea or an- 
other river ; copious flow. 

river-korse (hors), n. the hippopota- 
mus. 

rivet ('et), n. a short metal bolt 
clinched by hammering : v.t. to se- 
cure with, or as with, a rivet ; 
clinch ; make firm or secure. 

rivose (ri'vos), adj. marked with ir- 
regular grooves or furrows. 

rivulet (riv'u-iet), n. a little stream, 

rix-doUar (riks'dol-ar), n. a small 
silver continental coin of varying 
value. 

roack (roch), n. a fresh-water fish ; a 
cockroach. 

read (rod), n. a public way for trav- 
eling upon ; path ; way : pi. a place 
where ships may ride safely at an- 
chor. Roadstead. 

roadster ('ster), n. a horse suited for 
traveling ; a bicycle for road-work ; 
a vessel which works by tides. 

roam (rom), vA. to wander about 
without any definite object ; ramble : 
v.t. to wander over. 

roan (ron), adj. of a bay or dark 
color with a shade of red : n. a roau 
color ; grained sheepskin leather. 

roan-tree, same as rowan. 

roar (ror), n. the deep full cry of a 
large animal ; a cry as in distress ; 
any loud noise ; loudly expressed 
mirth ; sound of the wind or sea : v.i, 
to utter a roar : v.t. to utter in a 
roar. 

roaring ('ing), n. the act or sound of 
roaring ; a disease of horses : adj. 
noisy ; brisk. 

roast (rost), v.t. to cook before a 
fire ; heat too violently or to excess ; 
parch by exposure to heat ; burn 
(broken ore to free it from extrane- 
ous matter) ; to banter or ridicule; 
criticise severely : v.i. to be roasted : 
adj. roasted: n. that which is 
roasted. 

rob (rob), v.t. [p.i. & p.p. robbed, 
p.pr. robbing], to steal; plunder; 
strip of something by secret theft or 
violence; deprive. 

robber ('er), n. a thief. 



ate, lirm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon„ 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



rob 



684 



rol 



robbery (-i), n. theft; the felonious 
and forcible taking away the money 
and goods of another. 

robe (rob), n. a loose outer garment; 
state dress ; an elegant gown ; 
dressed skin of a buffalo : vA. to put 
on robes : v.t. to invest with a robe ; 
dress ; array. 

robin (rob'in)_, n, the redbreast. 

roburite ('er-it), n. a flameless ex- 
plosive used extensively in mining 
operations. 

robust ( ro-bust') , adj. hardy ; strong ; 
vigorous ; muscular. 

roc (rok), n. a fabulous bird of great 
size and strength. 

rocbet (roch'et), n. a linen vestment 
worn by a bishop resembling a sur- 
plice open at the sides. 

rock (rok), n. a large mass of stone 
or stony matter ; any mineral de- 
posit ; natural deposit of sand, earth, 
or clay ; firm or immovable defense ; 
a movement backwards and for- 
wards ; distaff : v.t. to cause to move 
backwards and forwards ; lull to 
sleep : v.i. to move backwards and 
forwards. 

rocket ('et), n. a firework made of a 
case filled with saltpeter, sulphur, 
and charcoal, fastened to a stick, 
and which, on being ignited, is pro- 
jected through the air. 

rockiness ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
ing rocky. 

rock-oil {'oi\)j_n. petroleum. 

rock-ruby ('roo-bi), n. a fine bluish- 
red variety of garnet. 

rock- wood ('wood), n. ligniform as- 
bestos. 

rocky ('i), adj. full of, or resembling, 
rocks ; stony ; hard ; inflexible. 

rococo (ro-ko'ko), adj. noting a florid, 
debased style in the ornamentation 
of buildings, furniture, &c., preva- 
lent during the reigns of Louis XIV. 
and XrV. of France : hence noting 
bad taste in ornamentation. 

rod (rod), n. a long twig or shoot of 
any woody plant; a wand; instru- 
ment of punishment ; cane ; a fish- 
ing-rod ; scepter ; measure of length, 
5% yards. 

rode, p.t. of ride. 

rodent (ro'dent), adj. gnawing: n. 
any animal of the Rodentia, an order 



of Mammalia, containing the rats, 
mice, squirrels, &c. 

rodeo (ro-da'o), n, a gathering to- 
gether of cattle on a ranch. 

rodomontade (rod-o-mon-tad'), iu 
bluster ; brag : from Rodomonte in 
Ariosto's Orlando Furioso : v.i, to 
bluster or brag. 

roe (ro), n. sl species of deer, the roe- 
buck ; the female of the hart ; the 
spawn or sperm of fishes. 

Roentgen rays (rent'gen raz), n. a 
form of radiant energy emanating 
from the surface of an electrically 
excited vacuum tube opposite the 
cathode electrode, having power of 
penetrating objects impervious to 
light or heat rays, affecting sensi- 
tive photographic films, and excit- 
ing fluorescence in certain salts. 
Also called X-rays. 

rogation (-ga'shun), n» a litany; 

, supplication. 

Rogation Days (daz), n.pl. the Mon- 
day, Tuesday, and Wednesday before 
Ascension Day. 

rogue (rog), n. sl dishonest person; 
knave ; a shy, mischievous person ; 
wag ; term of endearment. 

roguery ('er-i), n. knavish or dis- 
honest practices ; cheating ; mis- 
chievous or waggish conduct. 

roguisb ('ish), adj. fraudulent; dis- 
honest ; somewhat mischievous or 
sly. 

roil (roil), v.t. to render turbid; vex 
or irritate. 

role ( rol ) , n. a part or character in a 
play, &c. ; function or part. 

roll (rol), v.i. to turn like a wheel or 
on an axis ; move in a circular direc- 
tion ; be moved with violence ; rock ; 
wallow ; make a long deep sound : 
v.t. to revolve ; inwrap ; move on 
wheels ; spread flat under a roller : n, 
the act of rolling ; that which rolls ; 
a writing or paper rolled upon it- 
self ; an official document ; list or 
register ; kind of fancy bread ; con- 
tinued deep sound, as of a drum 
beaten, thunder, &c. ; twist of to- 
bacco. 

roller ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, rolls ; a cylinder used for 
grinding, smoothing, flattening, &c. ; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



rol 



685 



long heavy wave ; long broad band- 
age ; a kind of crow. 
rollick (rol'ik), v.i. to move or act 

with a careless, swaggering air. 
rollicking (-ing), adj. jovial; care- 
less ; swaggering. 
rolling (rol'ing), adj. moving on, or 
as on, wheels ; undulating ; used for 
rolling : n. a circular motion ; undu- 
lation ; lateral oscillation of a ship. 
roly-poly (ro'li-po'li), n. a game in 
which by rolling a ball into a certain 
hole it wins ; a kind of jam pudding. 

Jlomiiic (ro-ma'ik), adj. pertaining 
to the vernacular language of mod- 
ern Greece. 

B>oniau ('man), adj. pertaining to 
Rome, the Romans, or to the Church 
of Rome ; noting the ordinary type 
used in printing : opposed to italic ; 
written in letters, not in figures, as 
VI. 

Roman candle (-kan'dl), n. a kind 
of firework. 

IRoman cement (se-ment')> w. a 
strong cement used in building and 
hydraulic engineering. 

Xtoman Catkolic (kath'o-lik), adj. 
pertaining to the Church of Rome, 
of which the Pope is the head : n. a 
member of the Church of Rome. 

Koman Catkolicism (ka-thol'i- 
sizm), n. the doctrines and practices 
of the Roman Church. 

romance (-mans'), n. a work of fic- 
tion or adventure ; novel ; fable : v.i. 
to invent and tell fictitious stories ; 
exaggerate ; lie. 

Romance (-mans'), adj. pertaining 
to the dialects of Latin and the lan- 
guages which grew out of classic 
Latin, spoken in the old Roman 
provinces. 

Romanesque (man-esk'), n. that 
style of architecture and ornamen- 
tation in vogue during the period of 
the later Roman Empire : n. the dia- 
lect of Languedoc. 

Romanic (-man'ik), adj. pertaining 
to Rome, or the Romanesque dia- 
lects. 

romantic (-man'tik), adj. pertaining 
to, or of the nature of, romance ; 
extravagant ; fanciful ; ideal ; full of 
wild and fantastic scenery. 

romanticism ('ti-sizm), n. the state 



or quality of being romantic; the 
reactionary movement in opposition 
to cold classical literary forms, be- 
gun in Germany in the 18th century. 
Romany (rom'a-ni), n. a Gipsy; 

Gipsy language. 
romp (romp), n. an unrestrained, 
boisterous girl ; rough play or frolic : 
v.i. to play in a boisterous, unre- 
strained manner. 

ronde (rond), w. a kind of type. 

rondeau (ron'do), n.; pi. rondeaux, 
('doz), a little poem of 13 verses or 
lines; a light air or jig [Mus.]. 
Also rondo. 

rondel ( 'del ), n. b, poem of 14 lines ; 
small round tower. 

Rontgen rays. See Roentgen rays. 

rood (rood), n. 40 square poles or 
perches ; a cross or crucifix. 

rood-loft ('16ft), n. the gallery in a 
church over the entrance to the choir 
where the rood was fixed. 

roof (roof), n. the top covering of a 
house or other building ; covering or 
shelter ; canopy ; palate of - the 
mouth : v.t. to cover with, or as 
with, a roof. 

roof -tree ('tre), n. a roof-beam; 
roof; home. 

rook (rook), n. a bird of the crow 
family with dark glossy plumage 
and having the base of the bill des- 
titute o'f feathers ; a swindler or 
sharper ; the castle in chess : v.t. & 
v.i. to swindle or cheat. 

rookery ('er-i), n. a group of nesta 
on trees where rooks resort; colony 
of rooks; place of low resort; low 
slum. 

room (room), n. unoccupied place or 
space; apartment of a house; free- 
dom to act ; opportunity ; place of 
another; a deep blue dye: v.i. to 
lodge. 

roomily ('i-li), adv. spaciously. 

roominess ('i-nes), n. spaciousness. 

roomy ( 'i ) , , adj. spacious. 

roorback (roor'bak), n. a lie; ficti- 
tious report made for the purpose 
of influencing an election. 

roost (roost), n. the pole, perch, &c., 
upon which a bird rests at night; 
number of fowls resting together: 
v.i. to sit or sleep upon a perch, &e. ; 
lodge. 



■ 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, but; think, then. 



TOO 



rot 



rooster ('er), n. the domestic cock. 

root (root), n. that part of a plant 
that descends and fixes itself in the 
earth by which the plant is nour- 
ished ; edible root; anything resem- 
bling a root ; foundation ; basis, or 
origin ; fundamental note of any 
chord [Music] ; that quantity which 
multiplied by itself produces a given 
quantity ; the part of a word which 
expresses its primary or essential 
meaning, as distinguished from a 
derivative: v.t. to fix by the root; 
plant in the earth ; implant deeply ; 
to dig or burrow with the snout; 
eradicate (with out) : v.i. to take 
root. 

rootlet ('let), n. a radicle. 

rope (rop), n. a thick cord, usually 
over one inch in circumference, of 
several strands twisted together ; 
small cable ; halter ; series of things 
connected : v.t. to fasten or draw 
with a rope ; curb (a horse) so as to 
prevent him winning a race : v.i. to 
draw into viscous threads. 

ropiness ('i-nes), n. tendency to draw 
out into viscous filaments; partial 
viscosity. 

ropy ('i)» o^i- like a rope; viscous. 

Roquefort (rok'fSr), n. a French 
mold-streaked cheese made from 
ewe's milk. 

rorqual (ror'kwal), n. a whale with 
dorsal fins. 

rosaceous (ro-za'shus), adj. composed 
of several petals arranged in a cir- 
cular form ; consisting of roses. 

rosary ('za-ri), n. [pi. rosaries (-riz) ], 
a garland or chaplet ; a string of 
threaded beads by which prayers 
are counted ; the prayers repeated as 
thus counted. 

rose (roz), n. a plant of the genus 
Rosa or its well known flower; rose- 
color ; knot of ribbons ; rosette ; a 
perforated nozzle : p.t. of rise. 

roseate (ro'ze-at), adj. rose-colored; 
rose-like; blooming. 

rose-diamond ('di-a-mund), n. a 
diamond cut into 24 triangular fa- 
cets. 

rosemary (roz'ma-ri), n. a sweet- 
smelling evergreen shrub from which 
an aromatic water is distilled. 



rosette (-ef), n. sl cluster of ribbons 
arranged like a rose. 

rose-ivindoxy ('win-do), n. a circu- 
lar window with compartments 
branching from the center. 

rosewood ('wood), n. a Brazilian 
wood used as a veneer. 

rosily ('i-li), adv. with a rosy glow. 

rosin (roz'in), n. another form of 
resin ; specifically, inspissated tur- 
pentine : v.t. to rub with rosin. 

ross (ros), n. the outer rough bark 
of trees ; tan bark : v.t. to remove 
the outer bark or rough surface of. 

roster ('ter), n. list or muster-roll 
showing how the duties of military 
officers, regiments, &c., are regu- 
lated. 

rostral ('tral), adj. pertaining to, or 
like, a beak. 

rostrate ('trat), adj. furnished with 
a beak or beak-like process. 

rostrum ('trum), n. [pi. rostrums 
('trumz), or rostra ('tra)], the 
beak of a bird ; in ancient Rome, a 
pulpit or elevated platform in the 
Forum, adorned with the beaks or 
prows of ships taken from the ene- 
my, and from which orators, &c., 
addressed the people : hence a pulpit 
or platform ; prow of an ancient 
war vessel. 

rosy (roz'i)^ €tdj. like a rose; red; 
blooming; charming; very favora- 
ble. 

rot (rot), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. rotted, p.pr. 
rotting], to purtrefy or become de- 
composed ; decay : v.t. to make pu- 
trid or corrupt : n. putrefaction ; de- 
composition ; nonsense. 

rotary (r6'ta-ri)» adj. turning on an 
axis ; pertaining to rotation. Also 
rotatory. 

rotate ('tat), v.t. to revolve on, or as 
on, an axis ; cause to turn : v.i. to 
turn round like a wheel : adj. wheel- 
shaped. 

rotation (-ta'shun), n. the act of 
turning round on an axis, like a 
wheel ; regular succession. 

rotative ('ta-tiv), adj. revolving. 

rotator ('ter), n. that which imparts 
a circular motion; a muscle having 
such power. 

rotatory (ro'ta-to-ri), same as ro* 
tary. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



rot 



687 



rote (rot), n. mechanical repetition, 
or learning without understanding. 

rotifer (ro-ti-fer), w. an individual of 
the Rotifera, the wheel-animalcules. 

rotor (ro'ter), n. the part of a dyna- 
mo which rotates. 

rotten (rot'n), adj. putrefied; decom- 
posed ; unsound ; untrustworthy. 

rottenstone (-ston), w. a soft stone 
used as a_ polishing powder. 

rotund (ro-tund'), adj. spherical. 

rotunda (-tun'da), n. a circular 
domed building. Also rotundo. 

rotundity ('di-ti), n. roundness. 

rouble (roo'bl), adj. a Russian silver 
coin of varying value, used as a 
monetary unite (about 77 cents). 

roue (-a'), n. a fashionable sensual- 
ist ; confirmed rake ; debauchee. 

rouge (roozh), n. a cosmetic of red 
color used for imparting a tint to 
the cheeks and lips ; a kind of lake 
color : v.i. to color or paint with 
rouge. 

rouge-et-noir (-a-nwar'), n. a gam- 
bling game played with cards and 
a table marked with two black and 
two red diamond-shaped spots. 

rough (ruf), adj. having inequalities 
on the surface ; rugged ; not smooth 
or plane ; uneven ; uncut ; unpol- 
ished ; harsh to the ear ; uncivil ; 
austere ; cruel ; unfeeling ; violent ; 
boisterous ; hard-featured ; shaggy ; 
vague : adv. roughly : v.t. to shape 
out roughly; furnish (a horse) 
with roughened shoes ; break in (a 
horse). 

roughen ('en), v.t. to make rough: 
v.i. to become rough. 

roulade (roo-lad'), n. a flourish or 
rapid movement [Music]. 

rouleau (-lo'), n. a little roll, espe- 
cially of coins made up in paper. 

roulette (-let'), n. a game of chance 
played with a revolving disc and 
ball ; a wheeled instrument for mak- 
ing dotted lines. 

rounce (rouns), n. the handle of a 
printing press. 

round (round), adj. circular; spheri- 
cal ; globular ; cylindrical ; plump ; 
corpulent ; whole ; considerable ; 
large : adv. on all sides ; circularly ; 
from one side or party to another : 
n. a circle, sphere, or globe; cir- 



cuit or tour ; routine ; step ^ of a 
ladder ; constantly recurring series ; 
cycle ; round dance ; accustomed 
walk ; volley of firearms ; a song in 
which all the company take part: 
prep, about; on every side of; 
around : v.t. to make round ; travel 
or pass round : v.i. to go the rounds, 
as a patrol, &c. ; grow or become 
round. 

roundabout ('a-bout), adj. indirect; 
encompassing : n. a merry-go-round ; 
a short coat or jacket. 

roundel (roun'del), n. a circle; 
roundelay ; a small circular Norman 
shield ; semi-circular bastion. 

roundelay ('de-la), n. an ancient 
song or dance in which the passages 
are repeated. 

roundhand (round'hand), n. pen- 
manship in well-rounded letters. 

Roundhead ('hed), n. a contemptu- 
ous epithet applied to the Puritans 
by the Cavaliers, from the close-cut 
hair of the former. 

roundhouse ('hous), n. formerly a 
watch-house ; the cabin on the after 
part of a ship's deck ; a building 
having stalls for the housing of loco- 
motives. 

roundly ('li), adv. in a round form; 
straightforwardly. 

round number (num'ber), n. a num- 
ber divisible by 10. 

round-robin ('rob-in), n. a petition 
having the signatures written in a 
circle so as not to show who signed 
it first. 

roundsman ('z-man), n. a police in- 
spector who visits the officers on 
their beats. 

round-tower ('tow-er), n. an ancient 
circular tapei-ing tower, as in Ire- 
land, with a conical top, usually 
near a church or monastery. 

rouse (rouz), v.t. to awaken; stir to 
thought or action; drive (game) 
from a covert. 

rousing ('ing), p. adj. stirring; ex- 
citing ; startling ; exceeding. 

roust (roust), v.t. to disturb. 

roustabout ('a-bout), n. an idler or 
loafer ; a laborer on a steam vessel. 

rout (rout), n. total defeat and flight 
of an army ; resulting disorder from 
such defeat ; tumultuous crowd ; up- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ron 



rnc 



roar ; a large evening party ; the at- 
tempt of three or more persons to 
avenge some common wrons: by an 
illegal act : v.t. to defeat and put to 
disorderly flight. 

route (root), n. way or road trav- 
eled; course ;_ journey ; march. 

routine (roo-ten'), n. course of busi- 
ness or official duties regularly pur- 
sued ; regular habit or practice. 

roux (roo), n. a thickening for soups, 
&c., of melted butter and flour. 

rove (rov), v.i. to wander or ramble: 
v.t. draw through an eye. 

rover ('er), n. a robber; wanderer; 
fickle person. 

roving ('ing), p.adj. rambling. 

row (ro), n. line, file, or rank; ex- 
cursion in a row-boat ; noisy dis- 
turbance (rou) : v.i. to labor with 
an oar ; be impelled by oars : v.t. to 
impel by means of oars : as to row 
a boat. 

rowan (rou'an), n. the mountain-ash. 
Also roan. 

rowdy (rou'di), n. a rough, riotous 
fellow : adj. rough and riotous. 

rowdyism (-izm), n. rude, riotous 
conduct ; blackguardism. 

rowel ('el), n. the small sharp-point- 
ed wheel of a spur ; flat ring on a 
horse's bit. 

rowen ('en)_, n. aftermath. 

rowlock (ro'lok), n. the crutch or 
hollow in the gunwale of a boat in 
which the oar rests in iwwing. 

royal (roi'al), adj. pertaining to a 
king or to the crown ; befitting or 
like a king ; majestic ; kingly ; no- 
ble ; magnificent ; specially patron- 
ized or founded by a king, or in 
his service : n. a size of paper, 25 
X 20 in. ; one of the shoots of a 
stag's head ; the highest sail of a 
ship ; a gold coin formerly current 
in England : pi. the first regiment 
of foot in the British army (with 
the). 

royalism (-izm), n. adherence to the 
principles or cause of royalty or 
government by a king. 

royalist (-ist), n. an adherent of a 
king or government by a king. 

royally (-li), adv, in a royal man- 
ner. 

royalty ('al-ti), n. [pi. royalties 



(-tiz)], the character, or status, of 
a king; person of a king or sover- 
eign ; a certain sum paid to the 
crown or other proprietor on the 
produce of a mine, &c. ; a percentage 
for the use of a patent or copyright ; 
royal manor. 

Royston-crow (rois'ton-kro), n. the 
hooded crow. 

rub (rub), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. rubbed, 
p.pr. rubbing], to apply pressure 
with motion to the surface of ; clean 
or scour ; wipe ; polish : v.i. to make 
a friction ; get through difficulties ; 
fret : n. the act of rubbing ; that 
which is rubbed; friction; obstruc- 
tion ; pinch ; jibe. 

rubber ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, rubs ; india-rubber ; coarse 
file or whetstone ; in card-playing, 
two games out of three, or the win- 
ning game : v.i. to pry. 

rubbish, ('ish), n. mixed or waste 
fragments ; ruins of buildings ; any 
mingled mass ; anything of no 
value; nonsense. 

rubble ('1), n. rough undressed 
stone ; builders' rubbish. 

rubescent (roo-bes'ent), adj. becom- 
ing red. 

rubican ('bi-kan), adj. noting a bay, 
or grey-black color, with white or 
light-grey on the flanks : said of a 
horse. 

rubicund ('bi-kund), adj. inclined to 
red. 

rubidium (-bid'i-um), n. a metallic 
element. 

rubied ('bid), adj. ruby-colored. 

rubigo ('bi-go), n. rust or mildew on 
plants. 

rubric ('brik), n. the directions for 
liturgical use in prayer-books, for- 
merly printed in red ; title or direc- 
tion printed in red : v.t. to rubri- 
cate : adj. pertaining to, or marked 
in, rubrics ; red. 

rubricate ('bri-kat), v.t. to mark, or 
distinguish, with red. 

ruby ('bi), n. [pi. rubies ('biz)], a 
precious stone, varying in color from 
carmine-red to crimson ; a size of 
type used in England, smaller than 
nonpareil and larger than pearl. 

rucbe (roosh), n. frilled or plaited 
lace, silk, &c., for edging dresses, 



ate, arm, fi,sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; bdoD^ 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



689 



mm 



&c. Also ruching : v.t. to make, or 
ornament with, a ruche. 

ruck ( ruk ) , v.t. to wrinkle or crease : 
n. a wrinkle or crease ; a heap ; a 
fag-end ; the crowd of horses that 
come in at the end of a race. 

mction ('shun), n. a row; disturb- 
ance. 

rudd (rud), n. a red-eyed fresh- water 
fish. 

srudder ('er), n. the frame of wood or 
metal by which a vessel is steered ; 
anything that directs or governs. 

ruddiness ('i-nes), n. redness of 
complexion denoting perfect health ; 
redness. 

ruddle (']), n. red ochre. 

ruddock ('ok), n. the robin red- 
breast. 

ruddy ('i), adj. approaching to red- 
ness ; florid ; fresh-colored ; flesh- 
colored : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. ruddied, 
p.pr. ruddying], to make ruddy. 

rude (rood), adj. [comp. ruder, su- 
perl. rudest], rough; barbarous; 
uncultivated ; harsh ; ignorant ; un- 
polite ; tempestuous ; robust ; strong ; 
rugged ; crude. 

rudely ('li), adv. in a rude manner. 

rudeuess ('nes), n. the state of being 
rude ; rude conduct ; incivility ; un- 
skilfulness. 

rudiment ('i-ment), n. first princi- 
ple ; anything in its first or unde- 
veloped state : v.t. to instruct in first 
principles. 

rudimentary (-men'ta-ri), adj. per- 
taining to, or containing, first prin- 
ciples ; in an undeveloped state. 
Also rudimental. 

me (roo), v.t. to lament or be sorry 
for ; repent of : n. an herb of bitter 
taste and strong odor, used as a 
medicine. 

rueful ('fool), adj. mournful; sad. 

ruefully (-li) , adv. mournfully ; sadly. 

ruff (ruf), n. a large frilled collar; 
anything plaited ; a small fresh- 
water fish (also ruffe) ; a kind of 
snipe {Fern, reeve) ; a kind of 
pigeon : v.t. to disorder or rufiie ; 
trump at whist instead of following 
suit. 

ruffian ('i-an), n. a brutal, boisterous 
fellow ; any base, low character, as a 
robber, &c. 



ruffle ('1), v.t. to wrinkle, pucker, or 
disarrange; furnish or adorn with 
ruffles ; annoy or vex : v.i. to grow 
rough or turbulent ; flutter ; be in 
disorder: n. a plaited article of 
dress ; agitation ; discomposure; low 
roll of a drum. 

rufous (roo'fus), adj. yellowi«h-red, 

rug (rug), n. an adjustable floor cov- 
ering, usually of a textile heavier 
than carpeting ; a coarse warm nap- 
py woolen cloth, used as a coverlet 
or wrap. 

rugae ('je), n.pl. wrinkles. 

rugate (roo'gat), adj. wrinkled; 
ridged. Also rugose, rugous. 

rugged (rug'ed), adj. having an un- 
even surface ; rough ; shaggy ; bru- 
tal ; uncouth ; crabbed. 

ruin (roo'in), n. overthrow; destruc- 
tion ; downfall ; loss of happiness ; 
cause of destruction or decay ; ruined 
building, &c. : v.t. to pull down, de- 
stroy, subvert, overthrow, or impov- 
erish. 

ruined ('ind), adj. demolished; de- 
stroyed; decayed. 

ruinous ('us), adj. fallen into ruin; 
decayed ; consisting of ruins ; de- 
structive ; hurtful. 

rule (rool), n. standard or guide; 
maxim or precept ; government ; law 
or regulation ; canon ; an instru- 
ment for drawing lines ; method of 
performing any operation ; order 
made between parties to a suit on 
motion, or to regulate the practice 
of a court : v.t. to govern or control ; 
settle as by a rule ; manage or re- 
strain ; establish by a decision ; 
mark with lines : v.i. to decide ; ex- 
ercise superior authority. 

ruler ('er), n. one who rules or gov- 
erns ; an instrument for ruling lines. 

ruling ('ing), p.adj. governing or 
having control ; marking with lines ; 
predominant : n. a rule laid down 
by a judge or court. 

rum (rum), n. spirit distilled from 
the fermented juice of the sugar- 
cane : adj. strange ; odd. 

rumble ('bl), v.i. to make a low, 
heavy, continued sound : n. a rum>- 
bling sound ; seat for servants be- 
hind a carriage. 






ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me. merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, */^en. 



690 



rtnubling ('bling), adj. making a 
rumble : n. same as rumble. 

rumen (roo'men), n. the first stom- 
ach of a ruminant animal. 

rnminant ('mi-nant), adj. chewing 
the cud: n. an animal that chews 
the cud. 

miuinate ('mi-nat), v.i. to chew the 
cud ; meditate or muse ; ponder : v.t. 
to chew again. 

rnmination (-na'shun), n. the act of 
chewing the cud ; meditation. 

Tuminator ('mi-na-ter), n. one who 
muses or meditates on any subject. 

X'nmiiiage (rum'aj), v.t. to search 
carefully for ; ransack : v.i. to make 
a careful search : n. a careful search- 
ing. 

mminage sale (sal), n. a sale of 
unclaimed goods at the docks or at 
a warehouse, &c. ; sale of miscel- 
laneous articles for a charitable ob- 
ject. 

rumor (roo'mer), n. popular report: 
current story : v.t. to circulate by 
report. 

mmp (rump), n. the end of the back- 
bone of an animal, with its adja- 
cent parts ; buttocks ; fag-end. 

mmple (rum'pl), n. a fold or plait: 
v.t. to fold or plait ; make uneven. 

rumpus ('pus), n. great disturbance. 

run (run), v.i. [p.t. ran, p.p. run, 
p.pr. running], to pass quickly with 
the legs over the ground ; extend : 
move swiftly ; flee for escape ; con- 
tend in a race ; sail ; flow ; melt ; 
pass ; shoot ; discharge matter ; 
make sudden pressing demands ; con- 
tinue in time : v.t. to cause to move 
swiftly ; push ; force ; fuse or melt ; 
smuggle ; start as a candidate ; pur- 
sue in thought : n. the act of run- 
ning ; course run ; flow or discharge ; 
free access ; distance sailed ; sudden 
pressing demand ; pair of mill- 
stones ; prevalence ; large grazing 
ground ; in cricket, distance run be- 
tween the wickets. 

ninagate ('a-gat), n, a fugitive; 
renegade. 

runcinate ('si-nat), adj. having the 
lobes (of a leaf) convex before and 
straight behind. 



rundle ('dl), n. the step of a ladder. 

runes (roonz), n.pl. runic letters or 
poetry. 

rung (rung), p.t. of ring : n. step of a 
ladder ; a floor-timber in a ship ; 
spar. 

runic (roo'nik), adj. pertaining to, or 
consisting of, runes : n. the alphabet 
of the earliest Teutonic nations, the 
letters of which consisted principally 
of straight lines. 

runlet ( run'let ) , w. a rivulet ; a small 
barrel containing about 18 gals. 

runnel ('el), n. a little brook. 

runner ('er) , n. one who runs ; racer ; 
messenger ; keel to support a sleigh ; 
roller ; slender, prostrate, shooting 
sprig ; revolving millstone ; rope to 
increase the mechanical power of a 
tackle. 

running ('ing), adj. moving swiftly* 
kept for a race ; being in motion ; 
continuous ; discharging pus : n. the 
act of moving swiftly ; that which 
runs or flows ; discharge of pus. 

runt (runt), n. a dwarf animal: 
stump. 

rupee (roo-pe'), n. an East Indian 
coin, worth about 48 cents. 

rupture (rup'tur), n. the act of 
bursting or breaking ; state of being 
broken or violently burst asunder ; 
breach or interruption of friendly 
relations ; hernia : v.t. to burst or 
break violently asunder ; to affect 
with hernia : v.i. to sufiEer a breach 
or disruption. 

rural ( roo'ral ) , adj. pertaining to, or 
characteristic of, the country or ag- 
riculture ; rustic. 

rural dean (den), n. an ecclesiastic 
having the supervision of the 
churches in a rural deanery or dis- 
trict. 

ruralist ('ral-ist), n. one who leads a 
rural life. 

ruralize ('ral-iz), v.t. to render ru- 
ral : v.i. to become rural. 

rurally (-li), adv. as in the country. 

ruse (rooz), n. a trick; stratagem. 

rusli (rush), v.i. to move or press 
forward with impetuosity ; enter 
with undue eagerness : n. sl driving 
forward with eagerness and haste; 
a plant of many species growing on 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; m5, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, *7ien. 



691 



rye 



wet ground ; anything worthless or 
of little value. 

rusk (rusk), n. a kind of light bis- 
cuit. 

Kuss, same as Russian. 

russet (rus'et), adj. reddish-brown; 
homespun ; coarse : n. russet color ; 
homespun cloth ; a variety of apple. 

russety ('et-i), adj. russet-colored. 

Russia leather (rush'a le#/i'er), n. 
a strong soft leather prepared from 
the hides of sheep and cattle steeped 
in birch-oil. 

rust (rust), n. the reddish matter 
formed on iron and steel : red oxide 
of iron ; anything resembling rust ; 
mildew on cereals ; loss of power by 
inactivity : v.i. to contract rust ; de- 
generate in idleness : v.t. to cause 
to contract rust; impair by time or 
inactivity. 

rustic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, oi^ 
characteristic of, the country ; ru- 
ral ; artless ; unpolished ; unadorned : 
n. a countryman ; peasant. 

rustically (-al-li), adv. in a rural 
manner. 

rusticalness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being rustic ; ruderiess. 

rusticate ('i-kat), v.i. to reside in 
the country : v.t. to banish for a 
time from college. 

rustication (-ka'shun), n. residence 
in the country ; temporary banish- 
ment from a college. 

rusticity (-tis'i-ti), n. rural man- 
ners or simplicity ; rudeness. 



rustily (rust'i-li), adv. in a rusty 
condition. 

rustiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being rusty. 

rustle (rus'l), v.i. to make a soft 
whispering sound, as the rubbing 
together of silk or dry leaves ; to 
bestir one's self : n. a rustling. 

rustler ('ler), n. one who rustles; an 
enterprising, successful man. 

rustling ('ling), n. the soft whis- 
pering sound made by rubbing silk 
or dry leaves together ; rustle. 

rusty (rust'i), adj. covered with rust; 
impaired by inactivity ; rust-col- 
ored. 

rut (rut), n. the copulation and sex- 
ual desire of deer and certain other 
animals ; the track of a wheel ; 
groove or hollow : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
rutted, p.pr. rutting], to be moved 
with sexual desire, as deer, &c. : v.t. 
to cut into ruts. 

rutabaga (ro6-ta-ba'ga), n. a varie- 
ty of turnip larger than the common 
turnip and of a yellowish color. 

rutli (rooth), n. pity; compassion; 
tenderness ; sorrow. 

rutlienium (roo-the'ni-um), n. a me- 
tallic element extracted from plati- 
num ore. 

rutMess ('les), adj. cruel; pitiles^. 

rutilant ('til-ant), adj. shining. 

rutile ('til), n. red oxide of titaniumc 

ruttish. (rut'ish), adj. lustful; wan- 
ton. 

rye (ri), n. a hardy cereal. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, fAen. 




sabaoth (sa-ba'oth), n.pl. armies; 

hosts. 

Sabbatarian (sab-a-ta'ri-an), adj. 
pertaining to the Sabbath or to 
Sabbatarianism : n. a rigid observer 
of the. Sabbath ; one who keeps the 
Sabbath on the seventh day. 

Sabbatarianism (-izm), n. the ten- 
ets and practices of the Sabbata- 
rians. 

Sabbath ('ath), n. the seventh day 
of the week, observed by the Jews 
as a day of rest, commencing from 
sunset on Friday and ending at 
sunset on Saturday ; the Christian 
Sunday ; Sabbatical year. 

Sabbatical (-at'i-kal), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or resembling, the Sabbath. 
Also Sabbatic. 

Sabbatical year (yer), n, among 
the ancient Jews, every seventh 
year, in which the lands and vine- 
yards of the Israelites were allowed 
to remain fallow. 

saber, sabre (sa'ber), n. a cavalry 
sword : v.t. to cut, wound, or kill 
with, or as with, a saber. 

Sabian (sa'bi-an), adj. pertaining to, 
or^characteristic of, Sabianism. 

Sabianism (-izm), n. the worship 
of the heavenly hosts, as symbolical 
of ^ the Deity. 

Sabine ('bin), adj. pertaining to an 
Italian race, subsequently merged 
into the Roman. 

sable (sa'bl), n. a kind of weasel 
valued for its handsome, dark, glossy 
fur ; in heraldry, black : pi. mourn- 
ing dress: adj. dark-colored; black. 

sabot (sa-bo'), n. a wooden shoe worn 
by the peasantry of France, &c. 

sabotage (sa-bo'taj), n. a system 



adopted by certain industrial workers 
to force demands without striking 
by reducing efficiency. 

saccade (sak-ad'), n. a sudden check 
with the bridle ; strong pressure of 
the bow of a violin, against the 
strings. 

saccharine ('a-rin), adj. pertaining 
to, or having the qualities of, sugar : 
n. the uncrystallized sugar of malt- 
wort. 

saecharize ('a-riz), v.t. to convert 
into sugar. Also saccharify. 

saccharoid ('a-roid), adj. having a 
texture resembling loaf-sugar. 

saccharometer (-rom'e-ter), n. an 
instrument for determining the 
quantity of sugar in liquids. 

saccholactic (-o-lak'tik), adj. ob- 
tained from the sugar of milk ; mu- 
cic acid. 

saccule ('til), n. a little sac or cyst. 

sacerdotal (sas-er-do'tal), adj. per- 
taining to priests or to the priest- 
hood ; priestly. 

sacerdotalism (-izm), n. sacerdotal 
spirit or system ; tendency to em- 
phasize the priestly office or its sa- 
cred character. 

sacerdotally (-li), adv. in a sacer- 
dotal manner. 

sachem (sa'chem), n. a North Ameri-i 
can Indian chief. » 

sachet (sa-sha'), n. a small bag or/ 
cushion filled with a perfume. 

sack (sak), n. a bag or pouch, espe- 
cially a large coarse bag for holding 
grain, &c. ; quantity contained by a 
sack; loose garment or cloak; a 
Spanish dry wine ; plunder or pil- 
lage by soldiery of a town taken 
by storm ; dismissal (with the) : v.t. 



&te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



692 



sao ( 

to plunder or pillage ; ravage ; put 
into sacks ; dismiss from service. 

sackbut ('but), n. an ancient musi- 
cal instrument of the lyre kind ; a 
kind of trombone. 

sackcloth ('kloth), n. coarse mate- 
rial of which sacks are made ; coarse 
rough cloth worn as a token of 
mourning. 

sackful ('fool), n. the quantity a 
sack will hold. 

sacking ('ing), n. coarse material 
used for making sacks. 

sacrament ('ra-ment), n. a sign or 
pledge of grace ; an outward and 
visible sign of an inward and spir- 
itual grace, instituted by Jesus 
Christ ; holy baptism, the eucharist. 
Lord's supper. 

sacramental (-ment'al), adj. per- 
taining to, or constituting, a sacra- 
ment ; solemnly pledged. 

sacramentally (-11), adv. in a sac- 
ramental manner. 

sacred (sa'kred), adj. pertaining to 
religion or to religious uses ; con- 
secrated; inviolable. 

sacrifice ('ri-fis), n. the act of sac- 
rificing or offering to a deity, es- 
pecially a victim on an altar ; that 
which is so offered ; destruction or 
giving up one thing for another ; 
goods sold at a loss : v.t. to offer to 
God or a deity in worship ; destroy 
or surrender to gain some other 
object ; devote with loss ; kill ; sell 
at a loss : v.i. to offer sacrifice. 

sacrificial (-ri-fish'al), adj. pertain- 
ing to, consisting in, or offering, 
sacrifice. Also sacrificatory. 

sacrificially (-li), adv. by sacrifice. 

sacrilege ('ri-lej), n. the crime of 
appropriating to one's self or to sec- 
ular use what is consecrated to God 
or religion ; breaking into a church 
and committing felony. 

sacrilegious (-le'jus), adj. violating 
sacred things ; guilty of sacrilege ; 
profane. 

sacrilegist ('ri-le-jist), n. one guilty 
of sacrilege. 

sacring-bell (sa'kring-bel), n. the 
sanctus-bell, rung when the Host is 
elevated at high mass. 

sacrist (sa'krist), n. a cathedral ofl5- 



)3 ^ ^ sa£ 

cial who copies the music for the 
choir ; minor canon ; sacristan. 

sacristan (sak'ris-tan), n. one who 
has the care of church vessels and 
movables. 

sacristy ('is-ti), n. an apartment in 
a church where the sacred vessels, 
vestments, &c.,_are kept ; vestry. 

sacrosanct ('ro-sangkt), adj. pre- 
eminently sacred or inviolable. 

sacrum (sa'krum), n. a triangular- 
shaped bone at the base of the ver- 
tebral column. 

sad (sad), adj. [comp. sadder, superl. 
saddest], full of grief; mournful; 
sorrowful ; sober or sedate ; dark- 
colored. 

sadden ('n), v.t. to make sad or sor- 
rowful ; tone down : v.t. to become 
sad. 

saddle ('1), n. a seat, usually of 
leather, for riding on horseback ; 
anything resembling a saddle; block 
of wood nailed to the lower yard 
arm : v.t. to place a saddle upon , 
burden or embarrass. 

saddle-boiv (-bo), n. the pieces 
which form the pommel or arched 
part of a saddle. 

saddlery ('ler-i), n. the business of 
a saddler ; articles made by a sad- 
dler. 

Sadducean (-ti-se'an), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or characteristic of, the Sad- 
duces. 

Sadducee ('u-se), n. one of the an- 
cient Jewish sect or school that ad- 
hered to the written law and denied 
the resurrection of the dead. 

safe (saf), adj. free from danger, in- 
jury, or damage, secure ; . securing 
from harm ; no longer dangerous ; 
sound ; sure : n. a fire- or burglar- 
proof iron chest ; cupboard. 

safe-conduct (-kon'dukt), n. sl 
guard or passport which ensures a 
safe passage. 

safeguard ('gard), n. one who, or 
that which, guards or protects ; de- 
fense ; protective warrant granted 
to a foreigner : v.t. to protect or 
guard safely. 

safely ('li), adv. in a safe manner. 

safety ('ti), n. freedom from danger, 
injury, or damage; safe keeping; a 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hiie, hut ; think, /7ien. 



<a£ 



694 



sal 



bicycle with medium-sized wheels of 
eaual height. 

safety-lamp (-lamp), n. a wire- 
gauze covered larPD used in mines. 

safety-valve (-val^'), n. an automat- 
ic valve in a boiler which opras 
when the steam exceeds a certain 
pressure. 

saffron (saf'run), n. a bulbous plant 
of the genus Crocus, the dried stig- 
mas of which yield a deep yellow 
dye; deep yellow; adj, saffron-col- 
ored. 

sag (sag), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. sagged, 
p.pr. sagging], to sink down or 
yield ; incline from an upright or 
horizontal position; incline to lee- 
ward : v.t. to cause to give way or 
incline. 

sagacious (sa-ga'shus), adj. mental- 
ly quick and discerning ; judicious ; 
wise ; acute. 

sagacity ^-gas'i-ti), f^. a readiness 
of apprehension ; discriminative in- 
telligence ; acute practical judgment. 

sagamore (sag'a-mor), n. a North 
American Indian chief. 

sagas (sa'gaz), n.pl. a class of prose 
epics embodying the myths and he- 
roic tales of the ancient Scandi- 
navians. 

sage (saj), adj. wise; discerning; 
well-judged; discriminating; charac- 
terized by wisdom; grave: ij. a man 
of experienced wisdom and of ven- 
erable age ; an aromatic herb. 

sagely ('li), adv. in a sage manner. 

sageness (_'nes), n. wisdom; sagacity. 

sago (sa'go), n. a kind of granulated 
food-starch from the pith of certain 
palms. 

sagoin, same as saguin. 

saguaro (sa-gwar'o), n, the giant 

cactus of Mexico. 
tL saguin (sag'win), n. a South Ameri- 

^ can monkey. Also sagoin, sagouin. 

sagum (sa'gum), n. an ancient Ro- 
man military cloak. 

saMb (sa'ib), n. a term of address 
used in India and Persia to a Euro- 
pean gentleman. 

saic (sa'ik), n. a Turkish or Grecian 
vessel common in the Levant., 

said (sed), p.t. & p.p. of say. 

saiga (si'ga), n. the antelope of the 
Russian steppes. 



sail (sal), w. a sheet of canvas spread 
to catch the wind by means of which 
a vessel is driven forward in the 
water ;' ship or vessel ; an excursion 
in some vessel : v.i. to be moved by a 
sail or sails; commence a voyage; 
swim ; glide through the air ; pass 
smoothly along : v.t. to pass over in 
a ship ; navigate. 

sailer ('er), n. a vessel that sails, 
with special reference to its speed, 
or manner of sailing. 

sailing ('ing), n. the art of naviga- 
tion ; the act of moving through; 
water, or of setting sail. 

sailor ('er), n. a mariner; seaman. 

saint (sant), n. a holy or sanctified 
person ; one eminent for piety and 
virtue, especially one canonized by 
the Church of Rome ; one blessed in 
heaven : pi. a name applied to them- 
selves by the Mormons : v.t. to can- 
onize : v.i. to act as a saint. 

sainted ('ed), p.p. canonized: adj. 
pious ; holy ; depart»>d to heaven. 

saintliness ('li-nes), n. the quality 
of being saintly. 

saintly ('li), adj. like, or befitting, 
a saint. 

saiva (si'va), n. a devotee of the 
deity Siva. 

sajou (sa-joo'), n. sl South American 
monkey. 

sake (sak), n. end; purpose; cause; 
account ; regard ; reason. 

saki (sak'i), n. Japanese rice-beer; a 
South American monkey, with a 
non-prehensile hairy tail. 

sal, a prefice meaning salt, as sal- 
volatile, aromatic spirit of ammoniao 

salaam (sa-lam'), n. an Oriental 
form of salutation or respect, mean- 
ing "peace." 

salable (sal'a-bl), adj. marketable. 

salacious (sa-la'shus). adj. lustful; 
impure. 

salacity (-las'i-ti), n. lustfulness. 
Also salaciousness. 

salad (sal'ad), n. raw herbs cut up 
and dressed with vinegar, oil, &c. 

salad-days (daz), n.pl. years of 
youthful inexperience. 

salam.ander ('li-man-der), n. an am- 
phibious animal resembling a newt, 
and fabled by the ancients to live ia 
fire. 



ftte, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon^ 
book ; hue, hut ; think, *^en. 



isal 



695 



sa}' 



Salamandrine ('drin), adj. resem- 
bling a salamander ; fire-resisting or 
-enduring. 

salaried (sal'a-rid), p.adj. having a 
salary. 

salary ('a-ri), n. recompense, usually 
periodically, for services rendered ; 
stipend. 

sale (sal), ii. the act of selling; ex- 
change of a commodity for an agreed 
price ; market ; auction ; demand. 

Salic la-w (sal'ik law), n. the law of 
the Salian Franks excluding females 
from the succession to the French 
throne. 

salicin ('i-sin), n. sl bitter substance 
extracted from the willow and pop- 
lar : the acid (salicylic acid) is used 
as an antiseptic. 

salience (sa'li-ens), n. the state of 
being salient. 

salient ('li-ent), adj. leaping; prom- 
inent ; noting any angle less than 
two right angles ; in heraldry, in a 
leaping position. 

saliferous (sa-lif'er-us), adj. yield- 
ing salt. 

salina (sa-li'na), n. a salt-marsh; 
salt-works. 

salination (sal-i-na'shun), n. the act 
of steeping or washing in salt liquor. 

saline (sa'lin), adj. consisting of, 
containing, or like, salt : n. a salt- 
spring. 

saliva (^sa-li'va), n. the watery fluid 
or spittle secreted in the mouth. 

salival ('val), adj. pertaining to or 
secreting saliva. Also salivary. 

salivant (sli'i-vant), adj. exciting 
salivation: n. a substance to excite 
salivation. 

salivate (sal'i-vat), v.t. to produce an 
abnormal secretion in the mouth of. 

salivation (-va'shun), n. the act of 
producing an abnormal secretion of 
saliva. 

sallet (sal'et), n. a light helmet. 

sallo-w Co), adj. of a pale, sickly, 
yellow color; a small tree of the 
willow kind. 

sally ('i),n. [pi. sallies ('iz)], a sud- 
den rushing forth of troops to attack 
the besiegers; sudden outburst of 
wit or fancy ; excursion ; wild 
gaiety : vd. [p.t. & p.p. sallied, p.pr. 
sallying], to rush out as troops from 



a besieged town ; issue or rush forth 
suddenly. 

sallyport (-port), n. a postern cf 
passage for troops to sally out. 

salmagundi ( -ma-gun'di ) , n. a com- 
pound of chopped meats with other 
ingredients, seasoned, &c. ; medley. 

salmi ('mi), n. a ragout of roasted 
game and other ingredients stewed 
in wine. Salmis. 

salmon (sam'un), n. sl marine fish 
of the genus Salmo, which ascends 
fresh-water rivers to spawn. 

salmon-peel (-pel), n. a young sal- 
mon. 

salmon- tront (-trout), n, a sea- 
trout, resembling the salmon, but of 
smaller size. 

salon (sa-16ng*), n. a saloon; fine art 
gallery : pi. fashionable circles or 
assemblages [French]. 

saloon (sa-loon'), n. a hall or state 
apartment ; large reception room ; 
fine art exhibition; bar-room or 
grogshop. 

salpicon (sal'pi-kon), n. chopped 
meat, bread, and vegetables, re- 
cooked in sauce. 

salphinx (sal'pingks), n. the eusta- 
chian tube. 

salprunella (-proo-nel'a), n. nitrate 
of potash fused and cast into balls. 

salsify (sal'si-fi), n. a plant of the 
aster family, which from the flavor 
of its edible root is called oyster' 
plant and vegetahle oyster. 

salt (sawlt), n. chloride of sodium, 
used for seasoning and the preserva- 
tion of meat, &c., obtained from the 
earth or by the evaporation of sea 
water ; anything like salt ; the com- 
bination of an acid with a base; 
wit ; piquancy ; a sailor : v.t. to 
sprinkle or season with salt : adj. 
flavored, seasoned, or impregnated, 
with salt. 

saltant sal'tant), adj. leaping; danc- 
ing ; in heraldry, same as salient. 

saltarello (sal-ta-rel'o), n. a viva- 
cious Spanish and Italian dance; 
music for such a dance. 

saltation (-ta'shun), n. a leaping oi* 
dancing. 

saltatory (*ta-to-ri), adj. dancing. 

saltern (sawl'tern), n. a salt manu- 
factory. 



i 



ate, arm. 



at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boooj 
book; hue, but; think, then. 



sai 



696 



saXi 



saltier, saltire (sal'ter), n. a St. 

Andrew's cross. 

laltisli (sawl'tish), adj. somewhat 
salt. 

saltless ('les), adj\ without salt; in- 
sipid. 

B a 1 u b r i ® 11 s ( sa-loo'bri-us ) , adj. 
healthy. 

salubrity ('bri-ti), n. healthfulness. 
Also salubriousness. 

■'Salutarily (sal'ti-ta-ri-li), adj. in a 

salutary manner. 
' salutariness ('u-ta-ri-nes), n. the 
state or quality of being salutary. 

salutary ( 'u-ta-ri ) , adj. healthful ; 
wholesome; beneficent. 

salutation (-u-ta'shun) , n. act or 
manner of saluting ; greeting, or act 
of paying respect. 

Salutatory (sa-lu'ta-to-ri), adj. salut- 
ing ; greeting : n. the opening oration 
at the commencement in American 
schools and colleges ; any address of 
welcome. 

salute (-lut'), n. a mark of military 
respect shown by raising the hand 
to the helmet, &c. ; a kiss ; greeting ; 
salvo of artillery, lowering of a 
flag, &c., as a mark of honor : v.f. 
to address with kind wishes ; wel- 
come ; greet with' a kiss or bow ; 
honor by a salvo of artillery, low- 
ering a flag, &c. : v.i. to make a 
salute. 

salvability (sal-va-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state of being salvable. 

salvable ( 'va-bl ) , adj. capable of be- 
ing saved. 

salvage (-vaj), n. compensation given 
to those who assist at saving a ves- 
sel or cargo at sea ; the goods or 
vessel saved. 

salvation (-va'shun), n. the act of 
saving ; preservation from destruc- 
tion ; rescue ; spiritual deliverance 
from sin and death. 

Salvation Army (ar'mi), n. a re- 
ligious organization formed on a 
quasi-military model. 

Salvationist (~ist), n. a member of 
the Salvation Army. 

salve (sav), n. a healing ointment; a 
remedy or soothing application. 

salver (sal'ver), n. a tray on which 
anything is presented. 

salvo ('vo), n. a discharge of a num- 



ber of pieces of artillery, intended 
as a salute ; general, simultaneous 
cheering; an exception or reserva- 
tion. 

sal-volatile, see under sal. 

salvor ('ver), n. one who affects the 
spJvage of goods, &c. 

Samaritan (sa-mar'i-tan), adj. per- 
taining to, or characteristic of, Sa- 
maria, or the Samaritans ; noting 
certain characters used by the He- 
brews prior to the captivity : w. a 
native of Samaria ; a kind, charita- 
ble person (Luke x. 30-37). 

sambo (sam'bo), n. the offspring of 
a black and a mulatto ; negro. 

sambur ('ber), n. the elk of the hill- 
country of India. 

same (sam), adj. identical in kind or 
degree ; exactly alike ; before-men- 
tioned. 

sameness ('nes), n. identity; simi- 
larity. 

samovar (sam'o-var), n. a Russian 
tea-urn. 

samp (samp), n. hulled Indian corn. 

sampan (sam'pan), n. a Chinese fish- 
ing boat, frequently used as a resi- 
dence. 

samphire ('fer), n. a marine plant 
growing usually on cliffs, and used 
as a pickle. 

sample ('pi), n. a specimen; model; 
pattern ; part shown as indicative 
of the quality of the whole: v.t. to 
show something similar ; take a sam- 
pie of. 

sampler ('pier), n. a pattern; a 
piece of ornamental needlework for 
practice, &c. 

sample-room (room), n. a dram- 
shop. 

sanability (san-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being sane. Also 
sanableness. 

sanable ('a-bl), adj. curable. 

sanativeness ('a-tiv-nes), n. power 
of healing. 

sanatorium (-to'ri-um), n. a health 
retr .at ; an institution for the care 
of invalids or the treatment of par- 
ticular diseases. 

sanatory ('a-to-ri), a^Z;. conducive to 
health. 

sanctification (sangk-ti-fi-ka'shun). 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



697 



n. the act of sanctifying; state of 
being sanctified ; consecration. 

sanctifier ('ti-fi-er), n. one who 
sanctifies. 

sanctimonious (-ti-mo'ni-us), adj. 
having the appearance of, or affect- 
ing, sancity ; hypocritical. 

sanction ('shun), n. the act of rati- 
fying, or giving authority to ; au- 
thority ; custom : v.t. to fi'ive sanc- 
tion to ; countenance. 

sanctitude ('ti-ttid), n. holiness. 

sanctity ( 'ti-ti ) , n. purity ; inviola- 
bility ; sacredness ; solemnity ; a 
saint. 

sanctuary ('tti-a-ri), n. [pi. sanctu- 
aries (-riz)], the most retired and 
sacred part of a temple ; consecrated 
place ; temple ; part of a church 
around the altar ; inviolable asy- 
lum ; shelter ; refuge. 

sanctum, ('tum), n. a sacred or pri- 
vate place. 

sanctum sanctorum (-to'rum), n.a 
most holy place ; in the Jewish Tem- 
ple, the Holy of Holies ; a place of 
the utmost privacy. 

sanctus bell ('tus bel), n. a bell 
rung at the more solemn parts of the 
mass. 

sand (sand), n. fine particles of 
crushed or worn rock : pi. tracts of 
sand ; hours or time one has to live : 
v.t. to sprinkle with sand. 

sandal (san'dal), n. a kind of shoe 
fastened by straps to the foot ; a 
loose slipper ; the ofiicial shoe of a 
Roman Catholic preh te or abbot. 

sandaled ('dald), adj. wearing san- 
dals. 

sandalwood (-wood), n. a white- 
colored, odoriferous wood, used in 
cabinet-making. 

sandarac ('da-rak), n. a kind of 
resin or gum, used in varnishes. 
Also sandarach. 

sanderling ('der-ling), n. a small 
wading-bird. 

Sanders ('derz), n. red sandalwood. 

sandiver ('di-ver), n. a saline scum 
which forms on glass when fused ; 
glass-gall. 

sandix ('diks), n. a kind of red lead. 

sandpiper (sand'pi-per), n. a name 
for various birds of the snipe and 
woodcock family. 



sandwich ('wich), n. two thin slices 
of bread with ham, &c., between ; 
anything like a sandwich : v.t. to 
place between two other persons or 
things. 

sandy^ ('i), adj. composed of, abound- 
ing in, of the color of, or covered 
with sand; shifting; unstable. 

sane (san), adj. mentally sound or 
healthy. 

saneness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being sane. \ 

sang, p.t. of sing. 

sangaree (sang-ga-re'), n. a beverage 
of wine or brandy and water spiced 
with nutmeg. 

sangfroid (sang-frwa'), n. cool in- 
difference or composure [French]. 

sangu Cgoo), n. the Abyssinian ox. 

sanguiferous ( -gwif 'er-us ) , adj. con- 
veying blood. 

sanguify ('gwi-fi), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
sanguified, p.pr. sanguifying], to 
form or produce blood : v.t. to con- 
vert into blood. 

sanguinary ('gwi-na-ri), adj. at- 
tended with much bloodshed ; blood- 
thirsty ; murderous ; cruel. 

sanguine ('gwin), adj. warm and 
ardent in temper ; hopeful ; confi- 
dent : n. blood color : v.t. to stain 
with blood. 

sanguinely (-li), adv. in a sanguine 
manner. 

sanguineness (-nes), n. the quality 
or state of being sanguine ; plethora ; 
heat or ardor of temperament ; hope- 
fulness. 

sanguineous (-gwin'e-us), adj. per- 
taining to, abounding with, or con- 
stituting, blood ; of a blood color. 

Sanhedrim (san-he'drim), n. the 
great judicial council of the ancient 
Jews, composed of 71 priests, scribes, 
and elders, presided over by the high 
priest. Also Sanhedrin. 

sanies (sa'ni-ez), n. a thin reddish 
discharge from a wound or sore. 

sanitarian (san-i-ta'ri-an), adj. of 
or pertaining to the laws of health ; 
having regard to the public health : 
n. one versed in, or devoted to sani- 
tary studies ; an advocate or pro- 
moter of sanitary^ measures. 

sanitarium (-ta'ri-um), n. a sana- 
torium, especially one where the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mif, note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, fAen. 



sam 



treatment is phophylactic instead of 
therapeutic. 

sanitary (san'i-ta-ri), adj. pertain- 
ing to, connected with, or tending 
to promote, health, especially by leg- 
islative enactment ; hygienic. _ 

sanitation (-ta'shun), n. hygiene. 

sanity ('i-ti), n. saneness. 

sank, p.t. of sink. 

-sansculotte (sanz-koo-lof), n. a fel- 
low without breeches ; a term of con- 
tempt applied to the French Revo- 
lutionists. 

sansculotterie (-lot're), n. the 
French Revolutionists collectively ; 
extreme republicanism. 

Sanskrit (san'skrit), n. the ancient 
language of the Hindus. Also San- 
scrit. 

sap (sap), n, the watery circulating 
juice Df a plant ; alburnum of a 
tree ; vital fluid ; an excavated 
trench for approaching a fort; an 
ardent student : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
sapped, p.pr. sapping], to deprive of 
vitality ; undermine : v.i. to study 
ardently, as for an examination ; 
proceed by secretly undermining. 

sapid ('id), adj. savory. 

sapience (sa'pi-ens), n. knowledge; 
wisdom. 

sapient ('pi-ent), adj. wise; saga- 
cious. 

sapling (sap'ling), n. a young tree. 

sapodilla (-o-dil'a) , n. sl tropical tree 
yielding a large fruit, the seeds of 
which are used in medicine. 

saponaceous (-o-na'shus), adj. re- 
sembling, or having the qualities of, 
soap ; unctuous. 

saponification (sa-pon-i-fi-ka'shun) , 
n. conversion into soap. 

saponify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.f. & p.p. 
saponified, p.pr. saponifying] to con- 
vert into soap by combination with 
an alkali. 

saporific (sap-o-rif'ik), adj. produc- 
ing taste. 

saporosity (-ros'i-ti), n. that quality 
in a substance which excites the 
sensation of taste. 

saporous ('o-rus), adj. having, or 
stimulating, flavor. 

sappan ('an), n. an Asiatic dye- 
wood. Sapan. 

sapper ('er), n. one who saps; a sol- 



dier employed in sapping or digging 
trenches. 

sappkire (saf'ir), n. a precious stone 
of a blue color, a variety of corun- 
dum. 

sappiness (sap'i-nes), n. the quality 
of being sappy. 

sappy ('i), adj. full of sap; juicy. 

saraband (sar'a-band), n. sl Spanish 
dance ; music for such a dance. 

Saracen ('a-sen), n. the medigeval 
name for an Arab or Mohammedan. 

Saracenic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or characteristic of, the Saracens. 

sarcasm (sar'kazm), n. a bitter, cut-, 
ting, satirical expression. 

sarcastic (-kas'tik), adj. bitterly sa- 
tirical. Also sarcastical. 

sarcastically (-al-li), adv. in a sar- 
castic manner. 

sarcine (sar'sin), n. a nitrogenous 
substance existing in muscular and 
glandular tissues. 

sarcocarp ('ko-karp), n. the fleshy 
part of a fruit. 

sarcocol ('ko-kol),»w. an inspissated 
sap or gum-resin of an African tree. 
Sarcocollin. 

sarcode ('kod),n. animal protoplasm. 

sarcoderm ('ko-derm), n. the fleshy 
layer between the interior and ex- 
terior covering of a seed. 

sarcodic (-kod'ik), adj. pertaining to> 
or consisting of, sarcode. 

sarcoid ('koid), adj. flesh-like. 

sarcoline ('ko-lin), adj. flesh-colored, 

sarcolite ('ko-lit), n. a flesh-colored 
mineral occurring in the volcanic 
rocks of Vesuvius. 

narcological (-loj'i-kal), adj. per- 
taining to sarcology. 

sarcology (-kol'o-ji), n. that part of 
anatomy that treats of the soft 
parts of the body. 

sarcoma (-ko'ma), n. a fleshy tumor. 
Also sarcosis. 

sarcopkagous (-kof 'a-gus) , adj. feed- 
ing on flesh. 

sarcopkagus ('a-gus), n. a lime- 
stone used by the Greeks for coffins : 
a stone coffin. 

sarcotic (-kot'ik), adj. flesh-forming. 

sard (sard), n. a precious stone, a 
- deep blood-red variety of carnelian. 

sardine (-den'), n. a species of pil- 
chard, abundant in the Mediterra- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, *7ien. 



sat 



nean, and preserved in oil for ex- 
portation ; ( 'din ) a precious stone 
mentioned in Rev. iv., the sardius. 

sardonic (-don'ik), adj. forced, bit- 
ter, or heartless : said of a laugh or 
smile ; from a Sardinian herb, re- 
puted to cause convulsive motions of 
the cheek and lips when eaten. Also 
sardonian. 

sardonyx ('do-niks), n. a variety of 
agate. 

sargasso (-gas'o), n. the floating 
sea- or gulf-weed of the North At- 
lantic. Also sargassum. 

sarsaparilla (-sa-pa-rira, n. a twin- 
ing shrub found in Mexico, &c., the 
root of which is used as a medicine. 

sarsenet (sars'net), n. a thin fine 
kind of woven silk, used for ribbons, 
linings, &c. 

sartorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
to a tailor. 

sartorious ('ri-us), n. the muscle of 
the thigh by means of which the 
legs can be crossed; the tailor's 
muscle. 

sash (sash), n. a band, ribbon, or 
scarf, worn round the waist or over 
the shoulder ; a frame for holding 
panes of glass : v.t. to furnish with 
sashes. 

sasin (sas'in), m. the Indian antelope. 

sassafras ('a-fras), n. a tree allied 
to the laurel, with a fragrant root, 
wood, and flowers. 

sassoline ('o-lin), n. native boracic 
acid. Also sassolin. 

sat, p.t. of sit. 

Satan (sa'tan), n, the Devil. 

Satanic (-tan'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or resembling, Satan ; diabolical ; 
infernal ; very malicious. 

Satanism ('tan-izm), n. the evil dis- 
position of Satan ; a diabolical spirit. 

satchel (sach'el), n. a small bag for 
carrying books, papers, &c. ; any 
handbag. 

sate (sat), v.t. to satisfy the appe- 
tites or desires of. 

sateen (sa-ten'), n. a woolen or cot- 
ton fabric made in imitation of 
satin. 

satellite (sat'el-it), n. a small planet 
revolving round a larger one ; an 
obsequious attendant. 



satiable (sa'shi-a-bl), adj. capable of 
being gratified or satiated. 

satiate ('shi-at), v.t. to fill, or grat- 
ify fully ; surfeit ; glut : adj. glutted. 

satiety (-ti'e-ti), n. fulness of grati- 
fication beyond desire ; repletion. 

satin (sat'in), n. a closely woven 
glossy silk: adj, made of, or like, 
satin. 

satinet (-ef), n. a thin kind of satin ; 
a glossy cloth woven with wool and 
cotton made to resemble satin. 

satiny ('in-i), adj. like satin. 

satire (sat'ir), n. a species of poetry 
in which contemporary vice and 
folly are held up to ridicule ; sar- 
casm ; ridicule. 

satiric (sa-tir'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or containing, satire ; addicted to 
satire. Also satirical. 

satirically (-al-li), adv. in a satiric 
manner. 

satirist (sat'i-rist), n. a writer of 
satire ; one who satirizes. 

satirize ('i-riz), v.t. to assail or ridi- 
cule with satire. 

satisfaction (sat-is-fak'shun), n. the 
act of satisfying ; the state of being 
satisfied ; contentment ; gratification ; 
payment ; redress ; conviction. 

satisfactory ('to-ri), ac?;. giving sat- 
isfaction or content ; making re- 
dress ; relieving the mind from doubt 
or uncertainty. 

satisfy ('is-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. satis- 
fied, p.pr. satisfying], to gratify to 
the fullest degree ; free from doubt 
or uncertainty ; pay in full ; dis- 
charge : v.i. to give satisfaction ; 
make atonement or payment. 

satrap (sa'trap), n. a kind of viceroy 
among the ancient Persians. 

satrapy (-i), n. the government or 
jurisdiction of a satrap. 

saturable ( sat'u-ra-bl ) , adj. capable 
of being saturated. 

saturant ('u-rant), adj. impregnat- 
ing to the full : n. a substance that 
neutralizes acid in the stomach. 

saturate ('ti-rat), v.t. to soak or im- 
bue. 

saturation (-ra'shun), n. the act of 
saturating ; the state of being sat- 
urated ; impregnation of one sub- 
stance by another until the latter 
can contain no more. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, th&n. 



sat 



700 



Saturday ('er-da), n. the 7th day of 

the week. 

Saturn (sat'ern), n. the planet next 
beyond, and next in magnitude to, 
Jupiter ; the ancient Italian god of 
seed-time and harvest. 

Saturnalia (-er-na'li-a), n. an an- 
cient Roman festival in honor of the 
god Saturn, in which all classes, in- 
cluding slaves, took part : hence un- 
restrained revelry. 

Saturnalian ('li-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or characteristic of, the Sat- 
urnalia; dissolute; riotously mirth- 
ful. 

Saturnian ('ni-an), adj. pertaining 
to, or characteristic of, the god Sat- 
urn, or to the golden age of purity 
and happiness. 

saturnine ('nln), adj. under the in- 
fluence of the planet Saturn ; dull ; 
morosej gloomy ; phlegmatic. 

satyr ('er), n. a sylvan Greek deity, 
attendant on Bacchus, represented 
with long, pointed ears, short horns, 
a man's body, and the legs of a goat. 

sauce (saws), n. a liquid condiment 
or seasoning for food ; any mixture 

- used as a relish ; pertness : v.t. to 
put sauce into ; render pungent ; 
treat with pertness. 

sauce-box ('boks), n. a pert, impu- 
dent person. 

saucer ('ser), n. a shallow piece of 
china, &c., in which a tea or coffee 
cup is placed. 

saucily (saw'si-li), adv. in a saucy 
manner. 

sauciness ('si-nes), n. impudent pert- 
ness or boldness. 

saucy ('si), adj. [comp. saucier, su- 
perl. sauciest], pert; impudent. 

sauerkraut (sour'krout), n. a pickle 
of chopped cabbage packed in layers 
with salt between, which causes fer- 
mentation. 

saul ( sawl ) , n. an Indian timber tree, 
used ^ for building purposes, and 
yielding the resin called dammar. 

saunter (san'ter or sawn'ter), v.i. to 
wander about idly ; loiter ; linger : n. 
a place for sauntering ; idle walk or 
ramble. 

saurian (saw'ri-an), n. any individ- 
ual of the Sauria, an order of four- 
legged reptiles having the body fur- 



nished with scales, as the crocodile 
and lizard. 

sauroid ('roid), adj. lizard-like. 

saury ('ri), n. a kind of pike. 

sausage (saw'saj), n. the gut of an 
animal stuffed with seasoned minced 
meat ; minced meat seasoned with 
sage, salt,_ pepper, &c. 

saute (so-ta'), n. a method of cooking 
by tossing the material in a frying 
pan of particular construction. 

sauterne (-tern'), n. a French white 
wine. 

savable (sav'a-bl), adj. capable of 
being saved. 

savage ( sav'aj ) , adj. uncivilized : 
wild ; cruel ; fierce ; pitiless ; unculti- 
vated ; enraged : n. a human being in 
a rude, uncivilized state ; barbarian ; 
a fierce, brutal person. 

savagely (-li), adv. in a savage man- 
ner. 

savageness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being savage ; wildness. 

savagery ('aj-ri), n. the state of be- 
ing wild or uncivilized ; barbarism ; 
brutal roughness. 

savannab. (sa-van'a), n. an exten- 
sive open plain or meadow. Also 
savanna. 

savant (-vang'), n. a man of learning 
or science [French]. 

save (sav), v.t. to bring out of dan- 
ger or preserve from evil ; rescue ; 
deliver from spiritual death ; pre- 
vent ; lay by ; take advantage of : 
v.i. to be economical : prep, except ; 
not including. 

saveloy (sav'e-loi), n. a kind of 
cooked sausage. 

savin ('in), n. an evergreen tree or 
shrub with a dark foliage with blu- 
ish-green berries : the young leaves 
and branches yield an active volatile 
oil used in medicine. Also savine. 

saving (sav'ing), adj. preserving; 
frugal ; parsimonious ; reserving : n. 
an exception or reservation : pi. 
money, &c., saved : prep, with ex- 
ception in favor of. 

savingly (-li), adv. in a saving man» 
ner. 

savior (sav'yer), n. one who saves. 

Savior, Saviour, n^ Jesus Christ, 
the Redeemer (with tJie). 

savonette (sav-o-nef), n. a hard ball 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



701 



of toilet soap, composed of various 
ingredients. 

savor (sa'ver), n. flavor; taste; rel- 
ish ; scent ; characteristic property ; 
v.i. to have a particular flavor or 
smell ; exhibit tokens of : v.t. to taste 
or smell with delight. 

savorily ('ver-i-li), adv. in a savory 
manner. 

savoriness (-i-nes), n. the quality of 
being savory. 

savory ('ver-i), n. an aromatic plant. 

savoy (sa-voi'), n. a kind of winter 
cabbage with crisp curled leaves. 

saiv (saw), n. a cutting steel instru- 
ment with a toothed edge ; a proverb 
or wise saying : v.t. to cut with, or 
as with, a saw : v.i. to be cut with a 
saw : p.t. of see. 

sawfish ('fish), n. a fish with a long 
bony snout furnished with spines or 
teeth. 

saivfly ('fli), n. an insect with a saw- 
like apparatus for depositing its 
eggs. 

sawyer ('yer), n. one who saws tim- 
ber into planks ; a tree in a river, 
whose branches, partly above water, 
sway up and down by the force of 
the current. 

saxhorn (saks'hOrn), n. a musical 
wind instrument, used in military 
bands; 

Saxon ('n), adj. pertaining to the 
Saxons, a race of people formerly 
inhabiting North Germany, their 
country or language ; Anglo-Saxon : 
n. a member of the Saxon race. 

saxophone ('o-fon), n. a brass mu- 
sical instrument with a single reed 
and clarinet mouthpiece. 

say (sa), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. said (sed), 
p.pr. saying], to utter in words; de- 
clare ; speak ; decide ; allege ; pro- 
nounce ; intone : v.i. to speak ; relate ; 
answer : imper. tell me : n. something 
said ; speech ; remark. 

saying ('ing), n. the act of speak- 
ing ; expression ; saw ; adage. 

scab (skab), n. an incrustation 
formed over a wound ; a contagious 
disease in sheep ; a workman who 
refuses to join a strike, or who 
takes the place abandoned by a 
striker. 

scabbard ('ard), n. the sheath in 



which the blade of a sword is kept : 
v.t. to put into a scabbard. 

scabbiness ('i-nes), n. scabby state. 

scabby ('i), adj. covered with, or 
full of, scabs; affected with scab. 

scabies (ska'bi-ez), n. the itch. 

scabrous ('brus), adj. rough to the 
touch ; uneven ; dotted ; scaly. 

scad (skad), n. the shad or horse- 
mackerel. 

scafPold (skaf'old), n. a temporary 
timber stage or structure ; an ele- 
vated platform for the execution * 
of a criminal : v.t. to furnish or sup- 
port with a scaffold. 

scaffolding (-ing), n. a scaffold; 
materials for erecting scaffolds ; 
framework. 

scalable (skal'a-bl), adj. capable of 
being scaled. 

scalawag (skal'a-wag), n. a scamp; 
scapegrace. 

scald (skawld), v.t. to burn with hot 
liquid or steam ; injure by contact 
with any hot fluid ; expose to violent 
heat over a fire or hot liquid : n. a 
burn or injury to the skin or flesh 
from a hot liquid or steam ; scab or 
scurf on the head ; one of the old 
Scandinavian poets, who recited or 
sang heroic poems (also skald). 

scaldic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
composed by, the scalds. Also 
skaldic. 

scalding ('ing), p.adj. burning as 
with a hot liquid or steam. 

scale (skal), n. the dish of a balance; 
a balance ; an instrument or ma- 
chine for weighing ; the small bony 
or horny plates covering a fish, cer- 
tain reptiles, and insects ; any thin 
plate or layer ; the thin oxide which 
forms on the surface of iron forg- 
ings ; incrustation on the interior of 
a boiler ; a series of steps ; gradu- 
ated measure ; series of all the tones 
[Music] ; relative dimensions ; basis 
for a numerical system ; a scale- 
insect, or bark-louse, very destruc- 
tive to fruit trees : v.t. to strip or 
clear of scales ; weigh ; climb over, 
as by a ladder ; clamber up ; ascend 
by steps or by climbing : v.i. to sep- 
arate and come off in thin layers. 

scalene (ska-len'), adj. having the 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



702 



sides and angles unequal ; said of a 
triangle. 

scallop (skol'op), n. a marine bi- 
valve fish, having the edge of its 
shell in the form of a series of 
curves : the shell was formerly worn 
by pilgrims who had visited the 
Holy Land ; a curving or recess : 
v.t. to cut the edge or border of in 
scalops or curves. 

scalloped-oysters (-ois'terz), n.ph 
oysters baked with bread crumbs, 
&c. 

scalp (skalp), n. the skin on the top 
of the head from which the hair 
grows ; the skin and hair of ' the 
head torn off by the North Ameri- 
can Indians in token of victory : 
v.t. to deprive of the scalp : v.i. to 
make a small quick profit by slight 
fluctuations of the market. 

scalpel ('el), n. a small keen-edged 
knife. 

scalper ('er), n. one who scalps; a 
person who buys and sells the un- 
used parts of railway tickets. 

scaly (skal'i). adj. covered with, or 
like, scales ; mean ; caddish. 

scammony ('o-ni), n. an inspissated 
sap obtained from the root of a spe- 
cies of convolvulus, used as a ca- 
thartic. 

scamp (skamp), n. a rascal; worth- 
less fellow ; rogue ; v.t. to execute or 

~ perform in a superficial or careless 
manner and with bad material. 

scamper ( skam'per ) , v.i. to run with 
speed ; hasten away : n. a hasty 
flight. 

scan (skan), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. scanned, 
p.pr. scanning], to examine by count- 
ing the metrical feet or syllables ; 
scrutinize or examine carefully. 

3candal ('dal), n. offense occasioned 
by the faults of another ; something 
uttered that is false and injurious 
to the reputation ; opprobrium ; 
defamation ; disgrace. 

scandalize (-iz), v.t. to offend by 
some supposed improper action or 
conduct. 

scandalons (-us), adj. giving offense 
to the conscience or moral sense ; 
exciting condemnation or oppro- 
brium. 



Scandinavian (-di-na'vi-an), adj.. 
pertaining to Scandinavia, its lan- 
guage, literature, or people. Also 
Scandian. 

scant (skant), adj. [comp. scanter, 
superl. scantest], not full or abun- 
dant ; scarcely sufficient : v.t. to 
stint ; treat illiberally ; limit : v.i. 
to fail or become diminished. 

scantily ('i-li), adv. in a scanty 
manner. 

scantiness ('i-nes). n. the state or 
quality of being scanty. Also scant 
ness. 

scantling ('ling), n, a piece of tim- 
ber cut or sawn of small size; the 
size to which a piece of timber is to 
be cut. 

scanty ('i), adj. [comp. scantier, su- 
perl. scantiest], narrow; barely suf- 
ficient ; scant. 

scape (skap), n, the shaft of a col- 
umn where it leaves the base ; a 
peduncle rising from the ground or 
stem underneath the ground : v.t, 
& v.i. to escape [Poet]. 

scapegoat ('got), n. among the an- 
cient Jews, one of the two goats 
determined by lot, over whose head 
the high priest confessed the sins 
of the people, after which it was 
sent away into the wilderness: 
hence one who bears the blame for 
others. 

scapegrace ('gras), n. a graceless, 
unprincipled fellow. 

scapple (skap'l), v.t. to rough-dress 
(stone) preparatory to hewing. 

scapula ('ii-la), n, the shoulder- 
blade. 

scapular ('u-lar), adj. pertaining to 
the scapula or shoulder ; in the Ro- 
man Catholic Church, part of the 
habit of certain religious orders; 
two pieces of cloth worn over the 
shoulders from motives of devotion. 
Also scapulary. 

scar (skar), n. a mark caused by a 
wound ; mark or blemish ; a pre- 
cipitous rock or bank ; the parrot- 
fish : v.t. Ip.t.^ p.p. scarred, p.pr, 
scarring], to mark with; or as with, 
a scar : v.i. to form a scar. 

scarab (skar'ab), n. a lamellicorn 
beetle, scarabseus ; a gem or seal 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



703 



sell 



cut in the form of a beetle worn as 
a charm by the ancient Egyptians. 
I scarce (skars), adj, not common; 
not plentiful; not equal to the dt^ 
mand. 

scarcely ('li), adv. seldom; rarely; 
with difficulty. 

scarceness ('nes), n, the state of 
being scarce. Also scarcity. 

scare (skar), v.t. to strike with sud- 
den terror ; frighten : n. a sudden 
fright or panic. 

scarecro-wr ('kro), n. anything fan- 
tastic set up to scare away birds ; 
a vain cause of terror ; a guy. 

scarf (skarf), n. a light handkerchief 
or tie for the neck ; sash : v.t. throw 
on loosely; dress with a scarf; to 
unite (two pieces of timber) at the 
ends by a kind of dovetail. 

scarfing ('ing), n. the formation of a 
beam out of two pieces of timber. 

scarf skin ('skin), n. the cuticle.^ 

scarification (skar-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
the act of scarifying. 

scarificator ('i-fi-ka-ter), n, a surgi- 
cal instrument used in scarifying. 

scarifier ('i-fi-er), n, one who, or 
that which, scarifies ; a scarificator ; 
an agricultural instrument for stir- 
ring the soil. 

scarify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. scari- 
fied, p.pr. scarifying], to scratch or 
cut ; make small incisions in by a 
lancet or scarificator : as, to scarify 
the skin ; to stir up and prepare for 
planting : as, to scarify the soil. 

scarlatina (skar-la-te'na), n. scarlet 
fever of a mild form. 

scarlet ('let), n. a bright red color; 
cloth of such a color : adj. of a scar- 
let color. 

scarlet fever (fe'ver), n. contagious 
febrile disease characterized by a 
scarlet eruption. 

scarlet runner (run'er), n. a vari- 
ety of bean. 

scarp (skarp), n. a slope or declivity, 
nearly perpendicular ; the slope of a 
ditch at the foot of a parapet : v.t. 
to cut perpendicularly or nearly so. 

scary (ska'ri), adj. causing, or sub- 
ject to, sudden fright. 

scathe (skaif/i), v.t. to injure or hurt : 
n. injury or harm. 



scathing ('ing), adj. injurious: 
hurtful ; very severe or bitter. 

scatter (skat'er), v.t. to strew or 
throw loosely about ; disperse or dis- 
sipate : v.i. to be dispersed or dissi- 
pated. 

scatterbrained ( -brand ) , adj. giddy. 

scaup (skawp), n. a species of duck. 

scavenge (skav'enj), v.t. to cleanse, 
as streets, from mud and filth. 

scavenger (-er), n. a man employed 
to clean the streets ; any animal that 
devours refuse or any other deleteri- 
ous matter. 

scenario (sha-na're-6), n. the sketch 
of a plot or chief incidents of a li 
bretto or play. 

scene (sen), n. the time, place, or cir- 
cumstance, &c., in which anything 
occurs : part of a play ; the imagi- 
nary place where the action of a 
play is supposed to take place ; spec- 
tacle ; exhibition ; display of feeling 
or passion between two or more per- 
sons. 

scenery ('er-i), n. the appearance of 
anything presented to the vision ; 
general aspect ; combination of nat- 
ural views ; painted representation 

• on a stage. 

scenic ('ik), adj. pertaining to scen- 
ery or to the stage ; dramatic. Also 
scenical. 

scenographic (sen-o-graf'ik), adj. 
drawn in perspective. 

scenographically (-al-i), adv. in 
perspective. 

scenography (se-nog'ra-fi), n. the 
art of drawing in perspective. 

scent (sent), n. odor; sense of smell; 
chase followed by means of the 
scent : v.t. to perceive by the olfac- 
tory nerves ; smell ; perfume : v.i. to 
hunt animals by the sense of smell. 

scepter, sceptre (sep'ter), n-, a staff 
borne by a sovereign as the emblem 
of authority ; royal mace : v.t. to in- 
vest with regal authority. 

sceptered ('terd), p. adj. bearing a 
scepter ; regal ; imperial. 

sceptic, same as skeptic. 

schedule (sked'ul), n. a written or 
printed paper or parchment contain- 
ing a list, or inventory ; list or docu- 
ment annexed to a larger instru- 



ate, arm, askr, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



sch 



704 



SCI 



ment, as a will, &c. : v.t. to place in 
a schedule._ 

sclieme (skem), n~ a connected com- 
bination of tilings for the attain- 
ment of a certain end ; plan ; con- 
trivance ; purpose ; plot : v.t. to de- 
sign or plan; plot: v.i. to form a 
scheme or plan. 

Sdiiedam (ske-dam'), n. Holland gin. 

scMUer (shil'er), n. the peculiar 
bronze-like luster in certain minerals. 

scMsm. (sizm), n. a split or division, 
especially permanent division or sep- 
aration in the Christian Church ; 
sin of causing such a division. 

schismatic (siz-mat'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing tOf or characteristic of, or im- 
plying, schism. Also schismatical : 
n. one who creates or takes part in a 
schism. 

schist (shist), n. any rock that splits 
into slates or slabs. 

schistose ('os), adj. like schist; fis- 
sile 

Schizomycetes (skiz-o-mi-se'tez), n. 
a class of very small organisms, as 
bacteria, &c. 

scholar (skol'er), n. a student; dis- 
ciple ; man of letters ; an undergrad- 
uate on the foundation of a college. 

scholarly (-li), adj. like a scholar: 
adv. in the manner of a scholar. 

scholarship ('er-ship), n. high at- 
tainments in literature or science ; 
learning ; erudition ; maintenance for 
a scholar, awarded by an educational 
institution. 

scholastic (sko-las'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to a scholar or to schools ; schol- 
ar-like ; characteristic of the mediae- 
val schoolmen ; formal. 

scholasticism ('ti-sizm), ii. the scho- 
lastic philosophy of the Mediaeval 
Age. 

scholiast (sko'li-ast), n. a commen- 
tator or annotator, especially of the 
classics. 

scholium ('li-um), n. [pi. scholia 
(-a)], a marginal or explanatory 
note, especially on the text of a 
classic author. 

school (skool), n. a place where in- 
struction is given ; scholars or pu- 
pils collectively ; a mediaeval sem- 
inary for teaching theology, logic, 
and metaphysics ; disciples of a jpar- 



ticular teacher ; canon, precepts, or 
body of opinion ; examination hall ; 
any means of knowledge ; a shoal or 
great number, as of fish : v.t. to 
train or instruct ; chide or admon- 
ish. 

schooling ('ing), n. education. -- 

schoolman, ('man), ?r. [^^Z. schoolmen 
('men) ], one of the divines and phi- 
losophers in the Middle Ages, 

schooner (skoon'er), n. a vessel with 
2 masts, sometimes 3, rigged fore 
and aft ; a tall beer-glass. 

schottische (sho-tesh), n. a kind of 
polka. 

schweitzerkase (shvits'er-ka-ze), n. 
another name for Gruyere cheese. 

sciagraph (si'a-graf), n. the vertical 
section of a building showing its in- 
terior. 

sciagraphy (-ag'ra-fi), n. the art or 
science of projecting or delineating 
shadows as they fall in nature. 

sciatic (-at'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
affecting, the hip. 

sciatica ('i-ka), n. neuralgia of the 
sciatic nerve. 

science ('ens), n. systematized knowl- 
edge of any one department of mind 
or matter ; acknowledged truths and 
laws, especially as demonstrated by 
induction, experiment, or observa- 
tion. 

scientific (-en-tif ik) , adj. pertaining 
to, used in, or skilled in, science ; 
skilful. 

scientifically (-al-i), adv. in a sci- 
entific manner. 

scientism ('en-tizm), n. the theories 
and practices of scientists. 

scientist ('en-tist), n. one skilled in, 
or devoted to, science. 

scilicet (sil'i-set), adv. namely [Lat- 
in]. 

scimitar (sim'i-ter), n. an Oriental 
sword with a curved blade having 
its edge on the convex side. Also 
scimeter. 

scintillate (sin'til-at), v.i. to emit 
sparks, fire, or igneous par*^icles; 
twinkle. 

scintillation (-la'shun), n. the act 
of scintillating; a spark or flash; 
twinkle. 

sciolism (si'o-lizm), n. superficial 
knowledge. 



I 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl 



me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



sci 



705 



SCO 



sciolist (-list), n. one who knows 
many things superficially. 

scion (si'on), n. the sprout or shoot 
of a plant ; a descendant ; heir. 

scioptic (-op'tik), adj. pertaining to 
N, the art of exhibiting luminous ira- 
ages in a darkened room or camera 
' obscura. Also scioptric. 

sciopticon ('ti-kon), n. a magic lan- 
tern for exhibiting photographs. 

scire facias (si-re fa'shi-as), a writ 

, to enforce the execution of judg 
ments, &c., or to annul them. 

scissors (siz'erz), n.pl. a cutting in- 
strument resembling shears but 
smaller. 

sclerotic (skle-rot'ik), adj. hard; 
noting the firm white outermost 
membrane of the eyeball. 

sclerotitis (-ro-ti'tis), n. inflamma- 
tior]i of the sclerotic coat of the eye. 

scobs (skobs), n. raspings of ivory, 
metal, or other hard substances. 

scoff (skof), n. an expression of scorn 
or contempt ; ridicule ; derision : v.i. 
to exhibit scorn or contempt : v.t. to 
treat or address with derision. 

scold (skold), v.i. to chide sharply or 
rudely ; rail in a loud or violent 
manner : v.t. to find fault with : n. 
one who habitually scolds, especially 
a rude, clamorous woman. 

scolex (sko'leks), n. [pi. scoleces 
<-le'sez)], the larva of the tape- 
worm. 

scollop, same as scallop. 

sconce (skons), n. sl bulwark; small 
fort ; protection ; a fixed hanging or 
projecting candlestick ; tube in a 
candlestick for inserting the candle ; 
the head ; mulct or fine ; a small, 
thin cake of oatmeal, &c. 

scoop (skoop), n. a large ladle; deep 
shovel ; kind of scuttle : v.t. to take 
out or up with a scoop ; ladle out ; 
make hollow. 

scoot (skoot) t V.I. to walk or run 
hastily. 

scope (skop), n. room or opportunity 
for free outlook or action ; aim or 
intention ; design ; suffice meaning an 
instrument for viewing, as micro- 
scope. 

scorbutic (skor-bti'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or affected by, scurvy. 

scorcb (skSrch) , v.t. to burn or roast 



slightly; parch, shrivel, or affect 
painfully with beat; v.i, to be 
scorched. 

score (skor), n. a notch or incision, 
especially one made as a reckoning ; 
the number 20 ; line or groove ; bill ; 
account ; behalf ; sake ; reason ; copy 
of a small musical work showing the 
component parts : v.t. to notch or 
mark furrows in ; keep record or ac- 
count of; to make a score of, as 
runs, points, &c., in a game. 

scoria (sko'ri-a)c n. [pL scoriae (-e)]j' 
volcanic cinder; slag formed after 
the fusion of metallic ores. 

scoriaceous (-a'shus), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or resembling, scoria. 

scorn (skorn), n. extreme and lofty 
contempt ; haughty disdain ; object 
of contempt : v.t. to hold in extreme 
contempt or disdain. 

scorner ('er), n. one who scorns, es- 
pecially one who holds religion in 
derision. 

scornful ('fool), adj. full of scorn; 
contemptuous ; disdainful. 

scornfully (-i), adv. with scorn. 

scorpion (skor'pi-un), n. an indi- 
vidual of the genus Scorpio, fur- 
nished with lobster-like claws, and 
armed with a poisonous sting in the 
tail ; a painful scourge. 

Scot (skot), n. a Scotchman. 

Scotch, (skoch), adj. pertaining to 
Scotland, its inhabitants, or its dia- 
lect. 

scotch, n. a wedge, &c., to prevent 
slipping or rolling; a slight cut or 
incision : v.t. to cut or wound super- 
ficially. 

scoter (sko'ter), n. a kind of duck. 

scotia ('ti-a), n. the hollow molding 
in the base of an Ionic column. 

Scotticism, ('i-sizm), n. a Scottish 
idiom. 

scoundrel ( skoun'drel ) , n. a man 
without honor or virtue ; low, worth- 
less fellow. 

scour (skour), v.t. to clean by fric- 
tion ; cleanse from grease, dirt, and 
make bright ; pass swiftly along ; 
search thoroughly; purge. 

scourge (skerj), n a whip with 
thongs used as a punishment : v.t. to 
whip severely; afflict or harass 
greatly. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n6rth, not ; boon- 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



706 



scout (skout), n. a person sent out to 
obtain and bring in information, es- 
pecially of the movements, &c., of 
an enemy ; a college servant ; in 
cricket, a fielder : v.i. to act as a 
scout : v.t. to treat with scorn. 

scovel (skuv'l), n. a mop for sweep- 
ing a baker's oven. 

scow (skou),w. a large flat-bottomed 
boat with square ends : v.t. to trans- 
port in a scow. 

scowl (skoul), v.i. to wrinkle the 
brows in frowning or displeasure ; 
look sullen or angry : n. the wrin- 
kling of the brows in displeasure or 
anger ; frown. 

scrabble (skrab'l), v.i. to scrawl or 
scribble ; make irregular, unmeaning 
marks : v.t. to mark with irregular 
lines or letters. 

scrag (skrag), n. anything thin, lean, 
or rough ; something merely skin 
and bones. 

scraggily ('i-li), adv. in a scraggy 
manner. 

scragginess ('i-nes) , n. scraggy state 
or quality. 

scraggy ('i), adj. lean, thin and 
rough ; rough, with irregular points. 

scramble (skram'bl), v.i. to clamber 
with the hands and feet ; seize or 
catch hold of anything with eager- 
ness and roughness : v.t. to toss to- 
gether at random ; mix and cook in 
a confused mass : as, to scramMe 
eggs : n. a rude, eager struggle ; act 
of scrambling. 

scraucb (skranch), v.t. to grind with 
the teeth with a crackling sound; 
craunch. 

scrap (skrap), n. a small or detached 
piece ; fragment ; a scrimmage : v.i. 
to engage in a scrimmage. 

scrapbook ('book), n. a blank book 
for the pasting in of newspaper ex- 
tracts, &c. 

f:crape (skrap), v.t. to make a harsh 
or_ grating noise on; rub with some- 
thing sharp ; clean by rubbing ; re- 
move by scraping; gather laborious- 
ly by small gains or savings : v.i. 
barely succeed, as in passing an ex- 
amination ; play awkwardly or in- 
harmoniously on the violin ; bow by 
awkwardly drawing back the foot: 
n. the act, noise, or effect of scrap- 



ing ; a drawing back of the faot 
awkwardly ; difficulty ; perplexity. 

scraper ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, scrapes ; an instrument for 
scraping ; an awkward violinist i 
miser. 

scratch (skrach), v.t. to mark or 
tear the surface of with something 
pointed ; wound slightly ; tear or dig 
with the claws ; erase ; remove the 
name of (especially that of a horse) 
from a race : v.i. to use the nails or 
claws in tearing or digging; score 
by a fluke : n. a mark or tear made 
by scratching ; a superficial wound ; 
a kind of wig ; a line across the prize 
ring, up to which boxers are brought 
when they commence fighting : adj. 
taken at haphazard. 

scratches ('ez), n.pl. dry scabs be- 
tween the heel and pastern- joint of 
a horse. 

scratch, race (ras), n. a raco in 
which the competitors are unre- 
stricted by conditions or are chosen 
by lot. 

scrawl (skrawl), v.t. & v.i. to write 
or draw irregularly or hastily ; scrib- 
ble : n. hasty, irregular, or illegible 
writing ; scribble. 

scray (skra), n. the sea-swallow. 

screak (skrek), n. a shriek; screech. 

scream (skrem), n. a sharp, shrill 
cry as of fear or pain : v.i. to utter 
such a cry. 

screamer ('er), n. a South American 
wading bird ; an exaggerated state- 
ment, or excessively funny joke. 

screech (skrech), n. a harsh, shrill 
cry : v.i. to utter a harsh, shrill cry. 

screed (skred), n. wooden rules fer 
running moldings ; loud, shrill 
sound ; a fragment or piece ; a ha- 
rangue ; a piece of poor prose or 
verse. 

screen (skren), n. a light movable 
partition for protection ; coarse 
sieve ; a partition separating the 
chancel from the rest of a church : 
v.t. to shelter or conceal ; protect ; 
pass through a coarse sieve. 

screw (skroo). n. a cylinder of metal 
or wood grooved spirally ; one of the 
six mechanical powers ; screw-pro- 
peller : v.t. to press with a screw ; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



707 



scu 



apply a screw , to ; twist ; force or 
squeeze; oppress by exactions. 

screw-propeller (pro-pel'er), n. a 
spiral-bladed wheel at the stern of a 
steam-vessel for propelling it ; the 
vessel thus propelled. 

iscribble (skrib'l), v.t. to write has- 
tily and carelessly : v.i. write care- 
lessly and without regard to correct- 
ness : n. hasty, careless writing. 

scribbler ('ler), n. one who scrib- 
bles ; a literary hack, or petty author. 

scribe (skrib), n. a writer; clerk; 
amanuensis ; a teacher or copyist of 
the Jewish law : v.t. to adjust. 

scrim (skrim), n. a kind of fabric of 
cotton or linen for making blinds, 
&c. 

scrimmage ('aj), n. a general row 
or tussle. 

scrimp (skrimp), v.t. to make small, 
narrow, or short ; limit or straiten : 
v.i. to be parsimonious or miserly : 
adj, short ; narrow ; curtailed : n. a 
niggard or miser. 

scrimpness ('nes), n. scantiness. 

scrip (skrip), n. a satchel; schedule; 
certificate ; writing ; certificate of 
stock subscribed to a bank or other 
company. 

script (skript), n. a piece of writing; 
style of writing; type in imitation 
of writing ; original document or in- 
strument. 

scriptural ('lir-al), adj. pertaining 
to, contained in, or according to, the 
Scriptures ; Biblical. 

scrip turalism. (-izm), n. adherence 
to the letter of the Scriptures. 

scripturally (-li), at^v. in a scriptur- 
al manner. 

scripture ('ur), n. sacred writing; 
Biblical text: pi. the books of the 
Old and New Testaments : the Bible. 

scrivener (skriv'ner), n. one who 
draws up contracts, prepares writ- 
ings, &c. ; formerly a broker or 
financial agent. 

scrofula (skrof'u-la), n. a disease 
caused by the formation and deposi- 
tion of tubercle in the organs and 
tissues of the body; king's evil. 

scrofulous (-lus), adj. pertaining to, 
of the nature of, or affected with, 
scrofula. 

scroll (skrol), n. a roll of paper or 



parchment; a convoluted spiral or- 
nament ; a flourish to a signature. 

scrotum (skro'tum), n. the pouch 
which contains the testes. 

scrouge (skrouj), v.t. to crowd or 
squeeze. 

scrub (skrub), v.t. [pret. & p.p. 
scrubbed, p.pr. scrubbing], to rub 
hard ; wash with rubbing or a wet 
brush : v.i. to clean or scour : n. one 
who labors hard and lives meanly ; a 
sorry fellow ; a worn-out brush : adj. 
mean or small ; contemptible ; dirty. 

scrubby ('i), adj. mean and small; 
stunted in growth; covered with 
brushwood; unshaven. 

scrumptious (skrump'shus), adj, 
nice ; excellent ; fine. 

scruuch. (skrunch), v.t. to crunch. 

scruple (skroo'pl), n. 1-3 of a dram, 

I or 20 grains; hesitation, especially 

from conscientious motives : v.i. tc 

hesitate from conscientious motives. 

scrupulosity (-pu-los'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being scrupulous ; 
nice or conscientious regard to ex- 
actness or propriety ; precision. 
Also scrupulousness. 

scrupulous Cpti-lus), adj. full of 
scruples ; conscientious ; exact ; care- 
ful ;^ strict. 

scrutinize ('ti-niz), v.t. to inspect or 
examine closely. 

scrutinous ('ti-nus), adj. closely in- 
specting or examining; precise; 
careful ; captious. 

scrutiny ('ti-ni), n. close inspection 
or examination ; minute inquiry ; ex- 
amination of votes recorded at an 
election. 

scud (skud), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. scudded, 
p.pr. scudding], to run quickly; run 
before a gale of wind with little or 
no sail spread : n. the act of scud- 
ding ; loose, vapory clouds driven by 
the wind. 

scuffle (skuf'l), v.i. to fight or strug- 
gle confusedly, especially hand to 
hand : n. a struggle for mastery with 
close grappling; confused conflict; 
fight. 

scull (skul), n, one of a pair of short 
oars ; an oar used at the stern of a 
boat to propel it : v.i. to impel a 
boat with a scull or sculls. 

scullery ('er-i), n. [pi. sculleries 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



708 



sea 



(-iz)], a place where culinary uten- 
sil^, &c., are kept and cleansed. 

scullion ('yun), n. a servant em- 
ployed in the menial work of a scul- 
lery. 

scnlpin. ('pin), n. a North American 
fish with a large head furnished 
with sharp spines. 

sculptor (skulp'ter), n. one who 
practices the art of sculpture. Fem- 
inine sculptress. 

sculptural ('tu-ral), adj. pertaining 
to sculpture. 

sculpture ('tiir), n. the art of carv- 
ing, cutting, or hewing stone or oth- 
er material into images of men, ani- 
mals, &c. ; carved work or figure : 
v.t, to represent in, or fashion by, 
sculpture. 

sculpturesque (-esk'), adj. resem- 
bling, or having the character of 
sculpture- 
scum (skum), n. extraneous matter 
or impurities which rise to the sur- 
face of liquids when boiled or fer- 
mented ; scoria of metals in a molten 
state ; anything worthless or vile : 
vA. [p.t. & p.p. scummed, p.pr. scum- 
ming], to form a scum: v.t. to clear 
impurities from the surface of ; 
skim. 

scupper (skup'er), n. a hole or tube 
in the side of a ship to cary off deck 
water. 

scurf (skerf), n. minute, white, flaky 
scales formed on the skin, especially 
on the scalp; dandruff; loosely ad- 
herent matter. 

scurff (skerf), n. the bull-trout. 

scurfiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being scurfy. 

scurfy ('i), adj. [comp. scurfier, su- 
perl. scurfiest], pertaining to, pro- 
ducing, covered with, or like, scurf. 

scurrile (skur'il), adj. befitting a 
buffoon or vulgar jester ; grossly op- 
probrious or jocosely indecent. 

scurrility ('i-ti), n. [pi. scurrilities 
(-tiz)], vulgar, vile, or indecent 
jocularity. 

scurrilous ('il-us), adj. using the 
low, indecent language of the vul- 
gar ; mean ; foul-mouthed ; vile ; con- 
taining low indecency or abuse. 

scurry (skur'i), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. scur- 
ried, p.pr. scurrying], to hasten or 



move rapidly along : n. hurried move- 
ment. 

scurvily (sker'vi-li), adv. in a scurvy 
manner. 

scurviness (-nes), n. scurvy state or 
quality ; meanness. 

scurvy ('vi), adj. affected by scurvy; 
scabby ; vile ; contemptible ; mean ; 
paltry : n. a. condition of anaemia, 
caused by deficiency of vegetable 
food or lime juice, causing great 
weakness, emaciation, &c. 

scut (skut), n. the short, erect tail of 
a fox, deer, &c. 

scutch (skuch), v.t. to dress (flax or 
cotton) by beating. 

scutcheon ('un), n. an escutcheon; 
shield for a keyhole. 

scuttle (skut'l), v.i. to hasten or 
hurry : v.t. to cut a hole or holes in 
(a ship) to sink it: n. a quick or 
short run ; a pan for holding coals ; 
lid or door closing or covering an 
opening in a roof, &c. ; hatchway or 
small opening in the deck of a ship. 

scutum (skti'tum), %. [pi. scuta 
('ta)], a shield; a shield-like plate. 

scymiitar, same as scimitar. 

scythe (si#7i), n. a curved cutting in- 
strument used for mowing grass, &c. 

Scythian (sith'i-an), adj. pertaining 
to Scythia, to its language, or its in- 
habitants. 

'sdeath (sdeth), inter j. an exclama- 
tion expressing impatience or dis- 
dain. 

se, a prefix, meaning without, apart ^ 
aside. 

sea (se), n. an expanse of salt water, 
less in extent than an ocean, and 
usually forming a part of, or con- 
necting with, an ocean or larger sea ; 
an inland body of water ; the ocean ; 
a billow or large wave ; swell of the 
ocean in a tempest ; a large quan- 
tity ; the great brazen laver of the 
Jewish Temple. 

sea-bar ('bar), n. the sea-swallow. 

sea-bat ('bat), n. a kind of flying- 
fish. 

sea-bear ('bar), n. the polar bear. 

sea-calf ('kaf), n. the common seal. 

sea-cow ('kou), n. the manatee; du- 
gong ; walrus. 

sea-cucumber ('kti-kum-ber), n. the 
trepang. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



sea 



709 



sea-devil (-dev'il), n. a fish with a 
large head and great mouth, the sea- 
angler. 

sea-dog ('dog), n. the common seal; 
an old sailor. 

sea-elephant ('el-e-fant), n. a va- 
riety of seal with a proboscis some- 
what like that of the elephant. 

seafarer ('fa-rer), n. a sailor. 

seafaring ('far-ing), adj. following 
the occupation of a sailor. 

sea-fennel (-fen'el), n. samphire. 

sea-fox ('foks), n. a variety of shark. 

sea-gage ('gaj), 7i. the draught of a 
ship ; a self-registering apparatus 
far deep-sea soundings. 

sea-hog ('hog), n. the porpoise. 

sea-horse ('hOrs), n. the walrus; the 
hippocampus ; the hippopotamus. 

seal (sel), n. a carnivorous marine 
mammal, valuable for its skin and 
oil ; a stamp or die engraved with 
;some device, motto, or image, used 
for making an impression in relief 
on wax, &c. ; wax or other soft sub- 
stance set to an instrument, and 
impressed with a seal ; any act of 
confirmation or ratification ; that 
which seals or fastens ; drain-trap : 
"V.t. to fasten with a seal ; set or af- 
fix a seal to ; ratify or confirm ; keep 
secure or sectet ; among the Mor- 
mons, to set apart an additional 
wife. 

sea-legs ('legz), n.pl. ability to walk 
on a ship's deck, when the vessel is 
pitching or rolling. 

sea-lemon ('lem-un), n. a marine 
gasteropodus mollusk of the genus 
Doris. 

sea-leopard ('lep-ard), n. a variety 
of seal. 

sea-lion ('|i-un), n. a name for sev- 
eral large species of seals. 

seam (sem), n. the line formed by the 
jewing of two pieces of material to- 
' gether ; line of junction or union ; 
narrow vein between two thicker 
strata : thin layer ; piece of needle- 
work c" v.t, to form a seam upon or 
of ; join with a seam ; scar ', knit 
with a particular kind of stitch °. v.i. 
to crack open* 

sea-me-w (se'mu) , n. a species of gulL 

seamstress (sem'stres), n. a needle- 
woman. 



seamy ('i), adj. showing, or like, 
seams. 

seamy-side (-sid), n. the worst side. 

seance (sa-angs'), n. a session as of 
some deliberative body ; a meeting of 
spiritualists for evoking manifesta- 
tions ; a select scientific gathering. 

sea-pheasant (se'fez-ant), n. the 
pin-tail duck. 

sea-purse ('pers), n. the horny en- 
velope of the skate, and certain 
sharks, in which they deposit their 
eggs. 

sear (ser), v.t. to burn to dryness on 
the surface ; cauterize ; brand ; ren- 
der callous or insensible. 

search (serch), v.t. to seek for; go 
over and examine ; explore ; inspect : 
v.i. to make inquiry ; seek : n. the act 
of seeking or looking for something ; 
iiivestigation ; examination ; pursuit ; 
quest. 

search-light ('lit), n. an electric 
light so arranged that by revolving 
it a tract of land or sea can be seen 
at night. 

search- warrant ('wor-ant), n. a 
warrant issued by a magistrate au- 
thorizing a police officer to search a 
house for stolen property. 

seared (serd), adj. hardened; cal- 
lous ; indifferent ; cauterized. 

seascape (se'skap), n. a picture re- 
presenting a scene at sea. 

season Czn), n. any particular time 
as distinguished from others ; one of 
the four divisions of the year : v.t. to 
mature ; prepare by drying and hard- 
ening, or removing natural juices ; 
render palatable; spice moderately: 
v.i. to become mature, acclimated, 
inured, or seasoned. 

seasonable (-a-bl), adj. occurring or 
done in good, or proper, time; op- 
portune. 

seasonableness (-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being seasonable. 

seasonably (-bli), adv. opportunely. 

seasoning (-ing), n. that which is 
added to give relish or piquancy to 
food ,• anything added to increase en- 
joyment. 

seat (set), n. that on which anyone 
sits ; chair ; post or authority ; sta- 
tion : site ; residence ; mansion ; reg- 
ular or appropriate place of sitting ; 



ate. arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit : note, north, not ; boon, 
feopk; hue, hut; think, then. 



^ec 



no 



posture on horseback, &c. ; place in 
Congress or other legislative body : 
v.t. to place on a seat ; cause to sit 
down ; establish ; place in any site 
or position ; instal ; fix. 

secant (se'kant), adj. cutting into 
two parts : n. sl right line from the 
center of a circle through one ex- 
tremity of an arc, produced till it 
meets the tangent from the other 
extremity of the same arc ; the num- 
ber expressing the ratio of this line 
to the radius of the circle. 

secco (sek'o), n. painting on dry plas- 
ter : adj. dry [Italian]. 

Fecede (se-sed'), v.i. to withdraw 
from fellowship, communion, or as- 
sociation. 

secedei? ('er), n. one who secedes. 

secession (-sesh'un), n. the act of 
Receding; withdrawal or separation 
from the communion or association 
of others ; withdrawal of a State 
from the Federal Union. 

secessionist (-ist), n. an upholder 
Oi secession ; one who took part with 
the Southern States in the Civil war 
of 1861. 

seclude (-klood'), v.t. to keep apart 
from the company or society of oth- 
ers ; exclude. 

seclusion (-kloo'zhun), n. separation 
or withdrawal from the society of 
others ; privacy. 

seclusive ('siv), adj. keeping in se- 
clusion. 

second (sek'und), adj. immediately 
following the first ; next to the first 
in order of place, or time ; next in 
value, excellence, merit, dignity, or 
importance ; inferior ; subordinate ; 
being of the same kind as another 
that has preceded ; below in pitch 
[Music] : n. one or that next the 
first in place, rank, excellence, or 
power ; one who attends on the prin- 
cipal at a duel ; backer ; the l-60th 
part of a minute of time or of a de- 
gree : pi. coarse flour : v.t. to follow ; 
act as an assistant or supporter of; 
assist ; support, as a motion, &c., by 
adding one's voice to that of the pro- 
poser. 

secondarily ('und-a-ri-li), adv. in a 
secondary manner or degree. 



secondariness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being secondary. 

secondary ('und-a-ri), adj. succeed- 
ing next in order to the first ; of sec- 
ond place, origin, &c. ; not primary ; 
subordinate ; inferior ; deputed ; re- 
volving round a primary planet ; 
noting rocks intermediate between 
the Primary and Tertiary, the Meso- 
zoic : n. sl delegate or deputy. 

secondary battery (bat'er-i), n, a 
storage battery. 

secondary-color (-kul'er), n. a col- 
or produced by the mixture of two 
primary colors in equal proportions. 

secondary-tints (-tintz), n.pl.*suh- 
dued tints, as grey. 

secrecy (se'kre-si), n. [pi. secrecies 
(-siz)], the state or quality of being 
hidden ; concealment ; retirement ; 
solitude ; habit of keeping secrets ; 
discretion. 

secret ('kret), adj. hidden or con- 
cealed ; removed from sight ; kept 
from the knowledge or view of all 
except those concerned ; silent ; pri- 
vate : n. that which is concealed ; 
something unknown or undisclosed. 

secretarial ( sek-re-ta'ri-al ) , adj. per- 
taining to, or befitting, a secretary. 

secretary ('re-ta-ri), n. [pi. secre- 
taries (-riz)], a confidential person 
employed to assist another in con- 
ducting correspondence, &c. ; one 
who transacts the business of a Gov- 
ernment department, company, &c. ; 
an escritoire. 

secretary-bird (-berd), n. a South 
African predatory bird having a 
crest of feathers which resemble 
when depressed pens stuck in the 
ear. 

secretaryship (-ship), n. the office, 
or term of office, of a secretary. 

secrete (se-kref), v.t. to hide or con- 
ceal ; separate from the blood, sap, 
&c. 

secretion (-kre'shun), n. the act of 
secreting or separating from a circu- 
lating fluid ; any substance or fluid 
secreted. 

secretive ('tiv), adj. given to secre- 
cy ; causing, or promoting secretion. 

secretiveness (-nes), n. the quality 
of being secretive ; the phrenological 



&te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



711 



sed 



organ which impels to secrecy, re- 
serve, or concealment. 

secretory ('to-ri), adj. performing, 
or connected with, the office of se- 
cretion. 

sect (sekt), n. a number of persons 
who, following a teacher or leader, 
are united by a common attachment 
to some particular religious or phil- 
osophical doctrines. 

sectarian (sek-ta'ri-an), adj. per- 
taining to, or characteristic of, a 
sect : n. a member of a sect ; dissen- 
ter. 

sectarianism (-an-izm), n. the spir- 
it, tendency, or principles of a sect ; 
adherence to some particular sect. 

sectarianize ('iz), v.t. to imbue with 
a sectarian spirit, &c. 

sectary ('ta-ri), n. [pi. sectaries 
(-riz)], a member or adherent of a 
sect; sectarian. 

sectile (sek'til), adj. capable of be- 
ing cut. 

section (.'shun), n. the act of cutting, 
or separation by cutting ; part or di- 
vision : slice ; the line formed by the 
intersection of two surfaces; divi- 
sion or subdivision of a chapter or 
statute ; distinct part of a country, 
people, community, or class ; one of 
the squares of 640 acres each into 
which public lands are divided ; 
l-36th of a township ; division of a 
genus ; vertical plan of any struc- 
ture as it would appear if cut by an 
intersecting plane ; part of a musical 
period. 

sectionalism ('shun-al-izm), n. local 
patriotism, 

sectionally (-li), adv. in a sectional 
manner. 

sector (sek'ter), n. that part of a 
circle included between two radii 
and the arc ; a mathematical instru- 
ment for laying down plans, meas- 
uring zenith distances, &c. 

sectorial (-to'ri-al), adj. adapted for 
cutting; noting one molar tooth on 
each side of both jaws, having the 
crown adapted for cutting. 

secular ('u-lar), adj. pertaining to 
this present world, or to things not 
sacred ; worldly ; temporal ; extend- 
ing over, or occurring in, a long 
period of time ; not bound by mo- 



nastic vows : n. an ecclesiastic not 
bound by monastic vows ; a layman ; 
a church official whose duties are 
confined to the vocal department of 
the choir. 

secularism (-izm), n. the principles 
or tenets of the secularists. 

secularist (-ist), n. one who objects 
to religious teaching in elementary 
schools ; one who, discarding the 
forms of religion, maintains that the 
duties and problems of this present 
life should be the primary objects of 
man's concern. 

secularity ('i-ti), n. supreme atten- 
tion to the things of the present 
life ; worldliness. 

secularization (-i-za'shun), n. the 
act of secularizing, 

secularize ('ti-lar-iz), v.t. to convert 
from sacred to secular or common 
use ; render worldly or unspiritual ; 
convert from regular or monastic 
into secular. 

secund (se'kund), adj. arranged on 
one side only ; unilateral. 

secure (se-kur'), adj. free from fear 
or danger ; safe ; protected ; confi- 
dent ; relying upon (with of) : v.t. 
to make safe; protect; guarantee; 
make fast ; confine effectually ; gain 
possession of ; put beyond hazard of 
losing or not receiving (with against 
or from). 

securely ('li), adv. in a secure man- 
ner. 

security ('i-ti), n. [pi. securities 
(-tiz) ], the state or quality of being 
secure ; freedom from fear or dan- 
ger ; assurance ; certainty ; some- 
thing given to secure the fulfilment 
of a contract ; pledge ; evidence of 
debt or property ; one who becomes 
surety for another ; something given 
or done to secure good behavior. 

sedan (-dan'), n. a portable covered 
chair or vehicle for the conveyance 
of one person, used in the 18th cen- 
tury, and carried by two men by 
means of a pole on either side. Also 
sedan-chair. 

sedate (se-dat'), adj calm; com- 
posed ; quiet ; serious ; unruflBed. 

sedately ('li), adv, in a sedate man- 
ner. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon^ 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



sed 



712 



see 



sedateness ('nes), n. tranquillity; 
composure. 

sedative (sed'a-tiv), adj. allaying 
nervous irritation and irritability ; 
assuaging pain : n. medicine having 
such an effect. 

sedentarily ( 'en-tar-i-li ) , adj. in a 
sedentary manner. 

sedentariness (-i-nes), n. the qual- 
ity or state of being sedentary. 

sedentary ('en-tar-i), adj. accus- 
tomed to pass much time in a sit- 
ting posture ; characterized by much 
sitting ; remaining in one place ; in- 
active. 

sedge (sej), n. a coarse grass of the 
genus Carex, grovp^ing in swamps. 

sedgy ('i), adj. overgrown with sedge. 

sedilia (se-dil'i-a), n.'pl. seats on 
either side of the altar set apart for 
the clergy. 

sediment (sed'i-ment), n. the matter 
which subsides or settles at the bot- 
tom of a liquid ; dregs ; lees. 

sedimentary ('a-ri), adj. pertaining 
to, or formed by, or consisting of, 
sediment. 

sedition (se-dish'un), n. any offense 
against the state less grave than in- 
surrection or treason ; tumultuous 
assembly of people in opposition to 
lawful authority ; the stirring up of 
such opposition. 

seditions ('us ) , adj. pertaining to, of 
the nature of, or characterized by, 
sedition. 

seduce (dtis'), v.t. to entice from the 
paths of rectitude, duty, or virtue, 
by flattery, promises, &c. ; persuade 
to a surrender of chastity. 

sedncement ('ment), n. the act of 
seducing ; seduction ; means em- 
ployed to seduce. 

seducer ('er), n. one who seduces, 
especially one who persuades a wom- 
an to surrender her chastity. Fem- 
inine seductress. 

seducible ('i-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing seduced. 

seduction (-duk'shun), n. the act of 
seducing ; the act or crime of induc- 
ing a woman to surrender her chas- 
tity. 

seductive ('tiv), adj, tending to se- 
duce or lead astray ; enticing. 



seductively (-li), adv. in a seductive 
manner. 

seductiveness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being seductive. 

sedulity (se-du'li-ti), n, steady dili- 
gence. 

sedulus (sed'u-lus), adj. steadily in- 
dustrious and persevering in business 
and endeavor ; diligent ; untiring. 

see (se), ii. the authority of the Pope 
or papal court ; diocese or jurisdic- 
tion of an archbishop or bishop : v.t. 
[p.t. saw, p.p. seen, p.pr. seeing], to 
perceive by the eye ; observe ; per- 
ceive mentally ; experience ; pay a 
visit to ; meet or associate with ; es- 
cort or accompany : v.i. to have the 
faculty of sight or of perceiving; 
discern ; examine ; take care or heed ; 
be attentive. 

seed (sed), n. that part of a plant 
that contains the embryo of the fu- 
ture plant ; semen ; first principle or 
source ; offspring ; descendants ; race 
or birth: v.i. to sow, or, shed the 
seed : v.t. to sprinkle with seed. 

seediness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being seedy ; shabbiness ; 
exhaustion or wretchedness. 

seedy ('i), adj. abounding with, or 
run to, seeds ; having the flavor of 
weeds ; shabby ; exhausted and mis- 
erable. 

seeing (se'ing), n. the act or power 
of sight : conj. inasmuch as ; consid' 
ering ; since. 

seek (sek), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sought, 
p.pr. seeking], to go in search of; 
look for ; resort to ; inquire for : v.i. 
to make search or inquiry ; try or 
endeavor. 

seem (sem), v.i. to appear; look: 
have the resemblance of truth or 
fact ; pretend. 

seeming ('ing), adj. apparent; spe- 
cious : n. appearance ; show, espe- 
cially false show. 

seemliness ('li-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being seemly ; -propriety ; 
decency ; comeliness. 

seemly ('li), adj. fit or becoming; de- 
cent ; proper ; comely ; suited to the 
object, occasion, purpose, or char- 
acter. 

seen, p.p. of see. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon. 



713 



sel 



seer (ser), n. one who foresees future 
events ; prophet ; one who sees. 

seesax^ ('saw), n. a reciprocating 
motion ; a game played with a plank 
balanced on some support enabling 
those who sit at each end to move 
up and down alternately : v.i. to 
move up and down with a recipro- 
cating motion. 

seetSie (seth), v.t. to boil ; decoct op 
prepare for food in a hot liquor : v.i. 
to be hot ; be in a condition of boil- 
ing. 

segment ('ment), n. a part divided 
or set off ; section ; a part cut off 
from a figure by a line or plane : v.i. 
to divide into segments. 

segmental (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
consisting of, or like, a segment. 

segmentation (-men-ta'shun) , n, the 
act of dividing into segments ; state 
of being divided into segments. 

segregate (seg're-gat), v.t. to sepa- 
rate from others. 

segregation (-ga'shun), the act of 
segregating; state of being segre- 
gated. 

Seidlitz (sed'litz), adj. noting effer- 
vescent powders used as a gentle 
aperient : n. a sparkling mineral 
j water. 

seignior (sen'yer), n. a title of honor 
in use in Southern Europe; a lord 
or fee of a manor. 

seigniorage ('yer-aj), n. something 
claimed or taken by virtue of sover- 
eign prerogative; a charge levied on 
bullion brought by private persons 
to the mint to be coined. 

seigniorial (-yor'i-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to the lord of a manor. 

seine (san), n. a large fishing-net. 

seismic (sTs'mik), adj. pertaining to, 
or produced by, an earthquake. 

seismograph, ('mo-graf), n. an in- 
strument for recording the undula- 
tory motions, duration, and direction 
of an earthquake. Also seismome- 
ter, seismoscope. 

seismograpMc ('ik), adj. indicated 
by a seismograph. 

seismography (-mog'ra-fi), n. a de- 
scription of earthquakes. 

seismologist (-mol'o-jist), n. one 
skilled in seismology. 



seismology ('o-ji), n. the scientific 
study of earthquakes. 

seizable (sez'a-bl), adj. capable of 
being seized. 

seize (sez), v.t. to take possession of 
forcibly or suddenly ; grasp ; snatch ; 
take hold of ; comprehend. 

seizin ('in), n. the act of taking pos- 
session ; thing possessed ; possession. 
Also seisin. 

seizor ('er), n. in law, one who takes 
possession. 

seizure ('tir), n. the act of seizing; 
sudden attack, as of a disease. 

selali (se'la), n. a Hebrew word used 
in the Psalms, supposed to indicate 
a pause. 

seldom (sel'dum), adv. rarely. 

select (se-lekf), adj. more valuable 
or excellent than others ; chosen or 
picked out as more valuable than 
others ; nicely chosen ; choice ; supe- 
rior : v.t. to take by preference from 
among others ; choose. 

selection (-lek'shun), n. the act of 
selecting ; the thing selected. 

selectman (-leki'mkn) , n. [?)?. select- 
men ('men)], one of a board of 
town officials concerned with its 
management, the enforcement of lo- 
cal laws, care of the poor, »%c., 
elected annually in New England. 

selector ('er), n. one who selects. 

selenate (sel'e-nat), n. a salt of 
selenic acid. 

selenic (se-len'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
containing, or derived from, sele- 
nium. 

selenium' (-le'ni-um), n. sl non- 
metallic elementary substance, re- 
sembling lead. 

selenocentric (-le-no-sen'trik), adj. 
as seen or calculated from the center 
of the moon. 

selenograph. ('no-graf), n. a map or 
delineation of the moon's surface. 

selenograpMc (-graf'ik), adj. per» 
taining to selenography. 

selenograpliy (sel-e-nog'ra-fi), n. a 
description of the moon, its features, 
and phenomena ; the art of delineat- 
ing the moon's surface. 

self (self), n. [pi. selves (selvz)l, 
one's own person ; personal interest ; 
personality ; personification ; iden- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book : hue, hut ; think, */ien. 



sel 



714 



sen 



tity ; selfishness : adj. very ; particu- 
lar. 

selfisli ('ish), adj. attentive only to 
one's own interests ; influenced in 
actions from motives of private ad- 
vantage ; egotistical. 

sell (sel), ly.t. [p.t. & p.p. sold, p.pr. 
selling], to transfer to another for 
an equivalent, as property, goods, 
&c. ; make a matter of sale or bar- 
gain of ; vend ; betray for a pecuni- 
ary reward : v.i. to practice selling ; 
be sold : n. a hoax ; an imposition. 

Seltzer water (selt'zer waw'ter), n. 
a mineral water, mildly stimulative. 

selvage ( sel'vaj ) , n. the edge of cloth 
so closed by complicating the threads 
as to prevent raveling ; woven bor- 
der. Selvedge^ 

selvagee (-va-je'), n. a kind of skein 
of rope yarns, used for stoppers, &c. 

selvedged ('vejd), adj. having a sel- 
vage. Also selvaged. 

selves, pi. of self. 

semaphore (sem'a-for), n. a tele- 
graphic apparatus for signaling by 
means of arms, lanterns, flags, &c. 

semMance ('blans), n. likeness; re- 
semblance ; exterior ; appearance. 

semen (se'men), n. sperm; seed of 
plants. 

semi, prefix meaning half, partially. 

semibreve (sem'i-brev), n. a note 
equal to 4 crotchets. 

semicolon ('kol-on), n. a mark in 
punctuation ( ;). 

seminal ('i-nal), adj. pertaining to, 
containing, or consisting of, seed ; 
primary ; radical ; original. 

seminary (sem'i-na-ri), n. [pi. semi- 
naries (-riz) ], a place of education ; 
school, academy, or college. 

semiped ('i-ped), n. a half-foot. 

semipedal (-al), adj. consisting of a 
hal^foot. 

Semi-Saxon (-sak'sun), adj. noting 
the language intermediate between 
Saxon and English 1150-1250. 

semi-tangent (-tan'jent), n. the tan- 
gent of half an arc. 

Semite (sem'it), n. one of the Semit- 
ic race ; a descendant of Shem ; adj. 
Semitic. 

Semitic (se-mit'ik), adj. pertaining 
to Shem, or to his descendants ; not- 
ing, or belonging to, one of the great 

ate. 8,rm, 



divisions of races and languages to 
which Hebrew, Phoenician, Arabic, 
Assyrian, &c., belong. 

sempstress (semp'stres), Ji. a woman 
who does needlework. 

sen (sen), n. a small Japanese coin. 

senary (sen'a-ri), adj. of, or contain- 
ing, 6. 

Senate (sen'at), n. the upper house 
of Congress or of a State legisla- 
ture ; the upper house of legislature 
in various countries ; a body of el- 
ders, elected or appointed in ancient 
Rome from the nobility and invested 
with supreme legislative authority. 

senate (sen'at), 7i. an assembly or 
body of elders ; a legislative body 
generally. 

senator ('a-ter), n. a member of a 
senate. 

senatorial (-to'ri-al), at?/, pertaining 
to, or befltting, a senator or a sen- 
ate ; entitled to elect a senator. 

send (send), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sent, 
p.pr. sending], to throw, cast, or im- 
pel ; cause to go in any manner ; 
dispatch ; cause to be or happen ; 
grant ; inflict : v.i. to dispatch a 
messenger ; pitch, as a vessel : n. the 
motion of a wave causing a vessel 
to be carried forward. 

sendal (sen'dal), n. a light, thin silk 

stufe. 

senile (se'nil), adj. pertaining to, 
characteristic of, or occasioned by, 
old age. 

senility ('i-ti), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being senile; old age. 

senior (sen'yer), adj. prior in age, 
dignity, rank, or office ; elder : n, 
one older than another ; one older in 
dignity, rank, or office ; a student in 
the fourth or final year of his col- 
lege. 

seniority (-yor'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being senior. 

senna (sen'a), n. the dried leaves o£ 
several plants of the genus Cassia, 
used as a cathartic medicine. 

sennight ('it), n. the space of 7 
nights and days. 

sennit ('it), n. braided cordage. 

sen.or(sa'nyor'), n. a Spanish title 
of courtesy,^ equivalent to Mr. or 
Sir. Feminine senora. 

senorita (-nyo-re'ta), n. a Spanish 



at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; b66n, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then, 



sen 



715 



sen 



title of courtesy given to a young 
lady, equivalent to Miss ; a young 
lady. 

sensate (sen'sat), adj. perceived by 
or through the senses. 

sensation (-sa'shun), n. perception 
by the senses ; an impression made 
on the mind or brain by the senses ; 
spiritual or physical affections ; state 
of excited feeling or interest, or its 
cause. 

sensational (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
having, or causing, sensation ; fitted 
to excite great interest ; emotional. 

sensationalism (-izm), n. sensa- 
tional writing or language ; the phil- 
osophical doctrine that^ our ideas 
are the outcome of impressions 
originating solely in sensation and 
consist of sensations transformed. 

sensationalist (-ist), n. an advocate 
of philosophical sensationalism ; a 
sensational writer or speaker. 

sense (sens), n. the faculty by which 
objects are perceived physically, or 
mentally ; discernment ; understand- 
ing ; conviction ; good mental capac- 
ity ; correct judgment ; opinion : 
meaning; signification; moral per- 
ception. 

senseless ('les), adj. incapable of sen- 
sation ; without sensibility or feel- 
ing ; unconscious ; foolish ; stupid ; 
nonsensical ; opposed to reason or 
sound judgment. r 

sensibility (sen-si-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. 
sensibilities (-tiz)], the state or 
quality of being sensible ; acuteness 
of perception or emotion ; delicacy 
of feeling; capacity of being sensi- 
tive. Also sensibleness. 

sensible ('si-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing perceived by the senses or the 
mind ; having moral perception ; 
easily affected ; delicate ; judicious ; 
reasonable ; intelligent. 

sensibly (-bli), adv. in a sensible 
manner ; with intelligence or good 
sense ; appreciably. 

sensitive ('si-tiv), adj. having keen 
sense^ or feeling ; quickly and acute- 
ly alive to impressions from exter- 
nal objects; easily affected or 
moved; pertaining to, or depending 
upon, sensation. 



sensitively (-li), adv. in a sensitive 
manner. 

sensitiveness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being sensitive. Also sen- 
sitivity. 

sensitize (-tiz), v.t. to render sensi- 
tive ; render capable of being acted 
upon by the actinic rays of the sun. 
X-rays, &c. 

sensorial (-so'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
to the sensorium. Also sensory. 

sensorium (-um), n. the central seat 
of sensation or consciousness ; the 
brain. 

sensual ('shti-al), adj. pertaining to, 
consisting in, or affecting, the 
senses ; not spiritual or intellectual ; 
carnal ; voluptuous ; devoted to the 
indulgence of the passions or appe- 
tites. 

sensualism (-izm), n. sensuality; 
the philosophical doctrine that all 
ideas or operations of the under- 
standing have their origin in sensa- 
tion and are transformed sensations. 

sensualist (-ist), n. one who is sen- 
sual ; a believer in the doctrine of 
sensualism. 

sensuality (-al'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being sensual ; indulgence 
of the bodily appetites. 

sensualize ('shu-al-iz), v.t. to make 
sensual ; debase by the indulgence of 
carnal gratifications. 

sensuous ('shu-us), adj. pertaining 
to, or addressed to, the senses ; con- 
nected with sensible objects; full of 
passion. 

sent, p.t. & p.p. of send. 

sentence ('tens), n. judgment, opin- 
ion, or decision ; judgi»ent pro- 
nounced by a court ; series of words 
so arranged as to convey a complete 
thought, followed by a dot or full 
point : v.t. to condemn by judgment 
of a court. 

sententious (-ten'shus), adj. short 
and energetic ; terse ; comprising 
sentences; abounding in axioms or 
maxims. 

sentience ('shi-ens), w, the state or 
quality of being sentient. Also 
sentiency. 

sentient ('shi-ent), adj, having the 
faculty or faculties of sensation and 
perception. 



Ate, arm, dsk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; DooDf 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



sen 



716 



sep 



sentiment ('ti-ment), n. a thought 
prompted by passion or feeling ; 
opinion ; thought ; feeling ; sensibil- 
ity ; prevailing feeling ; maxim ; a 
toast; thought expressed in striking 
language ; sentence or passage ex- 
pressive of some wish. 

sentimental (-men'tal), adj. having, 
expressing, or given to, sentiment ; 
appealing to sentiment rather than 
reason ; artificially or affectedly ten- 
der ; romantic. 

sentimentalism (-izm), n. the qual- 
ity of being sentimental. Also sen- 
timentality. 

sentimentalize (-iz), v.i, to think 
or act in a sentimental manner ; af- 
fect sentiment. 

sentimentally (-li), adv. in a senti- 
mental manner. 

sentinel ( 'ti-nel ) , n. one V7ho watches 
or guards, especially a soldier on 
guard : v.t. to furnish with, or as 
with, a sentinel ; watch over or 
guard. 

sentry ('tri),w. [pi. sentries ('triz)I, 
a sentinel, guard or watch. 

sepal ( sep'al or se'pal ) , n. one of the 
leaf-like divisions of the calyx en- 
closing the corolla of a flower. 

separability (-a-ra-bil'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being separable or divisi- 
ble. 

separable ('a-ra-bl), adj. capable of 
being sepswated or divided. 

separate ('a-rat), v.t, to part or di- 
vide ; disunite ; disconnect ; set apart 
from a number for a particular pur- 
pose ; withdraw : v.i. to part ; be dis- 
united ; withdraw from each other : 
adj. divided from the rest ; discon- 
nected ; not united ; distinct. 

separately (-li), adv. in a separate 
state or manner. 

separateness (-nes), n. the quality 
of being separate. 

separation (-ra'shun), n. the act of 
separating; state of being sepa- 
rated; disconnection; legal disunion 
of ^ married persons ; repeal of a 
union between two or more coun- 
tries or states. 

separator ('a-ra-ter), n. one who, or 
that which, separates. 

sepia (se'pi-a), w. [pZ, sepias (-az)l, 
the European cuttle-fish ; a dark- 



brown pigment prepared from the 
black secretion or ink o-f the cuttle-^ 
fish. 

sepoy Cpoi), n. [pi. sepoys ('poiz)],; 
an Indian native employed as a sol- 
dier in the British service in India, 

sepsin (sep'sin), n. a toxinous pto- 
main. 

sepsis ('sis), n. infection by patho- 
genic bacteria; a putrefactive con- 
dition. 

sept (sept), a prefitff meaning 7, as 
septangn\?ir : adj. having 7 angles. 

septemvir ('ver), n. [pi. septemviri 
Cvi-ri)], in ancient Rome, one of 7 
men associated together in office. 

septenary ('te-na-ri), adj. consisting 
of, containing^ or lasting 7 years. 

septenate (-nat), n. a period of 7 
years ; the period during which the 
President of the French Republic 
holds office : adj. growing in sevens. 

septennial (-ten'i-al), adj. occurring- 
once in, or containing, 7 years. 

septennially (-li), adv. once in 7 
years. 

septet (sep-tef), n. a musical com- 
position for 7 voices. Also septette. 

septfoil (sept'foil), n. the plant tor- 
mentil ; in architecture, an orna- 
mental foliation with 7 lobes ; a sym- 
bolical figure composed of 7 equal 
segments of a circle typical of the 7 
sacraments of the Roman Catholic 
Church. 

septi, a prefix meaning 7, as septi- 
lateral : adj. seven-sided. 

septic ('tik), adj. having the power 
to promote putrefaction : n. a sub- 
stance having such an effect. 

septicemia, septicaemia (-ti-se'mi- 
a), w. blood-poisoning, caused by the 
absorption of septic matter into the 
circulation. Also septemia, septse- 
mia. 

septillion (-til'yun), n. in the French 
system of numeration, followed in 
the United States, a number ex- 
pressed by unity with 24 ciphers an- 
nexed ; in the English _ system, a 
number expressed by unity with 42 
ciphers annexed. 

septin, same as sepsin, 

septuagenarian ( -tii-a- je-na'ri-Sn ) , 
n. a person 70 years old. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, tliQn. 



Sep 



717 



septuagenary (-aj'e-na-ri), adj. con- 
sisting of 70 : n. the number 70. 
Septnagesima (-a-jes'i-ma), n. the 

3rd Sunday before Lent. 
septuple Ctu-pl), adj. sevenfold. 
sepulchral (se-pul'kral), adj. per- 
taining to a sepulcher, or to monu- 
ments erected to the dead ; deep, 
grave, or hollow toned. 
sepulcher^ sepulchre ( sep'ul-ker ) , 
n. a grave or tomb ; place of burial : 
v.t. to bury; entomb. 
sepulture ('ul-tiir), n. burial. 

sequel (se'kwel), n. succeeding part 
or result; continuation; conse- 
quence. 

sequence ('kwens). n. order of suc- 
cession ; series ; result ; suit of cards 
in the same order ; regular alternate 
succession of similar chords. 

sequent ('kwent), adj. following; 
consequent : n. a sequence. 

sequentially (-kwen'shal-i), adv. by 
succession. 

sequester (-kwes'ter), v.t. to sepa- 
rate from the owner for a time ; 
take possession of the property of 
another until some claim is paid or 
established ; withdraw ; seclude ; v.i. 
to renounce, as a widow any interest 
in the estate of a husband. Also 
sequestrate. 

sequestered ('terd), adj. secluded: 
retired. 

sequestration (-tra'shun), n. the 
act of sequestering, especially the 
act of seizing property by the State 
during dispute or for the benefit of 
creditors ; the collecting of the fruits 
of a benefice during a vacancy for 
the use of the next incumbent; re- 
tirement ; seclusion. 

sequestrator (sek'wes-tra-ter), n. 
one who sequesters property or "takes 
possession of it for a time. 

Sequoia (se-kwoi'a), n. a genus of 
gigantic trees of the cypress family, 
comprising the redwood and "big 
tree" of California. 

seraglio (se-ral'yo), n. the palace of 
the Sultan of Turkey at Constanti- 
nople, especially that part where the 
women are kept ; a harem. 

iseria (se-ra'i), n. in the East, a pal- 
ace ; seraglio ; caravansary or inn. 



seralbumin ( ser-al-bti'min ) , n. the 

albumin of the blood, 
scrape (sa-ra'pa), n. a Mexican 

blanket or shawl worn by men. 
seraph (ser'af), n. [pi. seraphs, sera- 
phim ('afs, -im)], an angel of the 
highest order. 
seraphic (se-raf'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, composed of, or like, seraphs ; 
sublime ; angelic. 

scrap hically {-k\-\),adv. in the man- 

ner of a seraph. 
scraphine (ser'a-fen), n. a kind ot 
small harmonium. 

seraskier (ser-as-ker'), n. a Turkish 
general or commander of land f orces^ 
especially the commander-in-chief or 
minister of war. Also serasquier. 

Serbonian (ser-bo'ni-an), adj. not- 
ing the lake or bog of Serbonis in 
ancient Egypt, which .appeared like 
solid land, but engulfed those who 
ventured upon it : hence pertaining 
to any difficulty or complication from 
which there is no way of extrication. 

sere (ser), ad. dry; wiltered [Poet.]. 

serein (se-rang'), n. fine rain that 
falls from a clear sky. 

serenade (ser'e-nad), n. evening mu- 
sic in the open air ; music sung or 
played by a lover in a spirit of gal- 
lantry under the window of a lady; 
piece of music for such an occasion ! 
v.t. to entertain with a serenade. 

serene (se-ren'), adj. clear and calm; 
unclouded ; placid ; unruffled. 

serenely ('li), adv. in a serene man- 
ner ; unruffled ; calmly. 

serenity (-ren'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being serene ; calmness of 
mind ; equanimity of temper ; cool- 
ness, composure. Also sereneness. 

serf (serf), n. the lowest class of 
servants or slaves in the Middle 
Ages, who were attached to the land 
and transferred with it ; a villein or 
feudal slave ; formerly in Russia, 
one of the peasant class. 

serfage ('aj), n. the state or condi- 
tion of a serf. Also serfdom ; serf- 
ism. 

serge (serj), n. a twilled woolen stuff. 

sergeancy (sar'jen-si), n. the office 
of a sergeant. Also sergeantcy, ser- 
geantship. 

sergeant ('jent), n. a non-commis- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, th^n. 



Ber 



718 



sioned officer ranking next above a 
corporal. 

tergeant-major (-ma'jer), n. a war- 
rant officer who is attached to each 
company or troop and assists the 
adjutant. 

■erial (se'ri-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or consisting of, a series ; published 
in successive parts or numbers : n. a 
periodical ; tale issued in parts. 

serially (-li), adv. in a series. 

eeriatim (-a'tim), adv. in regular 
order. 

sericeous (se-rish'us), adj. silky. 

sericulture (ser'i-kul-tur), n. the 
culture of silkworms. 

series (se'rez), n. a number of things 
or events standing or succeeding in 

■ order, and connected by a like rela- 

\ tion ; sequence ; an infinite number 
of terms in succession, increasing or 
diminishing in a certain ratio. 

serin (ser'in), n. a kind of finch. 

sei*io-coinic (se-ri-o-kom'ik), adj. 
having a mixture of seriousness and 
comicality. 

serious ('ri-us), adj. grave in man- 
ner or disposition ; in earnest ; not 
trifling ; religious ; solemn. 

sermon (ser'mun), n. a discourse on 
a text of Scripture ; homily ; serious 
exhortation. 

sermonize (-iz), v.i. to compose or 
write a sermon ; preach : v.t. to 
preach a sermon to. 

serosity (se-ros'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being serous ; the thin 
watery fluid part of the blood exud- 
ing from serum. 

serous ('rus), adj. pertaining to se- 
rum ; thin, watery. 

serpent (ser'pent), n. a reptile of the 
order Ophidia, with a very long 
body without feet, and moving by 
contractions and undulations of the 
body ; a bass wind instrument ; a 
kind of firework ; a subtle, treacher- 
ous, malicious person. 

serpentine ('pen-tin), adj. pertain- 
ing to, like, or having the qualities 
of, a serpent ; moving or winding 
like a serpent ; zigzag ; subtle : n. a 
rock composed of a hydrated silicate 
of magnesia, susceptible of a fine 
polish. 



serrate (ser'at), adj. notched on the 
edge like a saw. Also serrated. 

serried ('id), adj. crowded; pressed 
together._ 

serum (se'rum), n. the thin yellow- 
ish watery fluid secreted by the 
serous membranes. 

serval (ser'val), n. the African bush* 
or tiger-cat, having a valuable fur. 

servant ('vant), n. one who serves, 
or is in the service of another ; a 
domestic ; subordinate ; an expres- 
sion of civility. 

serve (serv), v.t. to work for; per- 
form duties for ; yield obedience to ; 
worship ; supply with, as food, &c. ; 
attend or wait on ; treat or requite ; 
present (a writ) : v.i. to be a serv- 
ant ; be employed in labor ; suit or 
be convenient ; be in subjection ; dis' 
charge the duties of an office or em- 
ployment. 

service (ser'vis), n. the condition or 
occupation of a servant ; duty re- 
quired or performed in any office ; 
naval or military duty ; spiritual obe- 
dience and reverence ; course of dishes 
at table ; waiting at table ; labor, 
assistance, or kindness to another ; 
number of conveyances plying be- 
tween places ; musical composition 
for devotional use ; profession of re- 
spect. 

serviceable ('vis-a-bl), adj. useful; 
beneficial. 

serviceableness (-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being serviceable. 

serviceably (-bli), adv. in a service- 
able manner. 

servile ('vil or 'vil), adj. pertaining 
to, characteristic of, or befitting, a 
slave or servant ; meanly submissive 
or obsequious ; cringing ; fawning ; 
not belonging to the original root ; 
not sounded : said of a letter. 

servilely (-li), adv. in a servile man-, 
ner. ' 

servility (-vil'i-ti), n. mean submis- 
sion or obsequiousness ; baseness. 
Servileness. 

servitude ('vi-ttid), n. the condition 
of a servant or slave ; state of slav- 
ish dependence ; bondage. 

sesame (ses'a-me), n. a plant yield- 
ing flat seeds from which an oil is 
expressed. 



§te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; n5te, north, not ; boor., 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



719 



sev 



I sesamoid bones ('a-moid bonz), 
n.pl. small bones formed at the ar- 
ticulation of the great toes, fingers, 
&c. 

sesqui, a prefix meaning a whole and 
a half, as sesquioxide, an oxide con- 
taining 3 atoms of oxygen and 2 
atoms of a metal. 

sessile ( 'il ) , adj. without a foot-stalk. 

session (sesh'un), n. the actual sit- 
ting or assembling of a court, coun- 
cil, or legislative body ; the time be- 
tween the first meeting and the pro- 
rogation, dissolution, or final ad- 
journment of a parliament, con- 
gress, or legislature. 

sessional (-al), adj. pertaining to a 
session, especially of an eclesiastical 
court. 

sesterce (ses'ters), n. an ancient Ro- 
man coin, value about 4 cents. 

sestertium (-ter-shi-um), n. sl sum 
of 1,000 sesterces. 

sestet Ctet), n. the last 6 lines of the 
second division of a sonnet. 

set (set), v.t^. [p.t. & p.p. set, p.pr. 
setting], to place or put in any posi- 
tion ; fix ; plant ; make stable ; ren- 
der motionless ; spread, as sails ; re- 
place ; make to agree with some 
standard ; start by fixing the key- 
note ; regulate or adjust ; value ; as- 
sign or prescribe; mark (game); 
compose, as type, &c. : v.i. to sink be- 
low the horizon ; strike root ; be fixed 
closely or firmly ; congeal ; apply 
one's self; flow or tend ; start (with 
out) : adj. fixed or established; reg- 
ular ; determined ; firm ; formal ; ob- 
stinate ; immovable : n. the act of 
setting ; direction ; number of per- 
sons associated together ; clique ; 
number of things of the same kind 
intended for use together ; a young 
plant for growth ; number of persons 
necessary to execute a quadrille ; 
descent below the horizon ; flow ; per- 
manent twist ; in lawn tennis, a 
series of as many games as will ena- 
ble one side to win six. 

settee (-te'), n. a long seat with a 
back for several persons ; a Medi- 
terranean single-decked vessel with 
a very long, sharp prow, and lateen 
sails. 

setter ('er), n. one who, or that 



which sets; a species of hunting- 
dog. 

setting ('ing), n. the act of one who, 
or that which, sets ; direction of a 
current of wind ; that which sets or 
holds, as the mounting of a jewel ; 
hardening. 

settle (set'l), v.t. to place or set in a 
fixed state ; establish ; cause to sink 
or subdue ; free from uncertainty ; 
compose; fix by a legal act; liqui- 
date ; pay ; clear of dregs ; make 
pure or clear ; colonize : v.i. to be- 
come fixed, stationary, or perma- 
nent ; descend or stop ; grow calm 
or clear ; sink to the bottom, or by 
its own weight ; cease from agita- 
tion ; adjust differences or accounts ; 
marry and establish a home. 

settlement (-ment), n. the act or 
state of being settled ; establishment 
in life, business, condition ; jointure 
granted to a wife ; liquidation, pay- 
ment, or adjustment ; subsidence ; a 
colony newly settled ; legal residence. 

settler ('ler), n. a colonist; some- 
thing that finally settles or decides a 
contest. 

set-to (too'), n. a contest in boxing; 
argument. 

seven (sev'n), n. the sum of six and 
one ; the symbol representing 7 
units: adj. consisting of one more 
than 6. 

sevenfold (-fold), adv. 7 times as 
much. 

seventeen (-ten), adj. one more than 
sixteen. 

seventeenth (-tenth), adj. noting 
the next after the sixteenth. 

seventh (sev'nth), adj. next in order 
after the sixth : n. one next in order 
after the sixth ; one of 7 eqitel 
parts ; the interval of 5 tones and a 
semitone. 

seventieth ('n-ti-eth), adj. next in 
order after the sixty-ninth : n. one 
of 70 equal parts. 

seventy (-ti), n. [pi. seventies 
(-tiz)], the sum of 10 times 7; the 
symbol representing 70 units. 

seven-up (-up'), n. a card game. 

sever (sev'er), v.t. to divide or sep- 
arate with violence ; cut open or 
through ; keep distinct or apart : 
v.i. to make a separation or dis- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; bo5ri, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



sev 



720 



slia 



tinction _; be rent asunder ; part ; 
distinguish. 

several (-al), adj. distinct; separate; 
consisting of a number more than 
two, but not many ; different ; vari- 
ous. . 

severally (-li), adv. separately; in- 
dividually. 

severalty (-ti), n. a state of separa- 
tion from the rest, or from all oth- 
ers. 

severance (-ans), n. the act of sever- 
ing; the state of being severed; 
separation ; partition. 

severe (se-ver'), adj. strictly adher- 
ing to rule ; strict ; austere ; rigid ; 
harsh ; grave ; serious ; inclement ; 
inflexible ; painful ; critical. 

severely ('li), adv. in a severe man- 
ner. 

severity (-ver'i-ti), n. [pi. severities 
(-tiz)], the quality of being severe; 
harshness ; rigor ; gravity ; exact- 
ness ; strictness ; inclemency. 

Sevres (sa'vr), n. a highly glazed 
china or porcelain manufactured at 
Sevres, France. 

se-w (so), v.t. Vp.t. & p.p. sewed or 
sewn, p.pr. sewing], to unite or 
fasten together with a needle and 
thread : v.i. to practice sewing. 

sewage (su'aj), n. the foul matter 
carried off by a sewer. 

sewer ('er), n. a pipe or channel to 
carry off the used or surface water 
and foul matter of a town, &c. ; 
(so'er) one who sews. 

sewerage (-aj), n. drainage by sew- 
ers ; the system of sewers of a town, 
&c. 

sex, a prefice meaning siae, as sexen- 
nial, adj. occurringr once in, or last- 
ing, six years. 

sex (seks), n. the physical distinction 
between male and female ; one of 
the two divisions of animals and 
plants, based on such distinction ; 
women in general (with the). 

sexagenarian (-a-je-na'ri-in), n. 
one who is sixty years old. 

sexagenary (-aj'e-na-ri), adj. per- 
taining to, or noting, the number 60. 

Sexagesima (-a-jes'i-ma), n. the 
second Sunday before Lent. 

sexagesimal (-mul), adj. pertaining 
to, or based on, the number 60. 



sexed (sekst), adj. pertaining to, or 

having, sex. 
sexenary ('e-na-ri), adj. proceeding 

by sixes. 

sexlocular (-lok'u-Iar), adj» six- 
celled. 

sext (sekst), n. in the Roman Bre- 
viary, the office for the sixth canon- 
ical hour. 

sextain (seks'tan), n, a six-lined 
stanza. ( 

sextant ('tant), n. the sixth part on 
a circle ; an instrument for measur-* 
ing angular distances between ob- 
jects, used especially at sea for de- 
termining latitude and longitude. 

sextile ('til), adj. noting the aspect 
or position of two planets when 
distant from each other 60°. 

sextillion (-til'yun), n. in the 
French system of enumeration, fol- 
lowed in the United States, the 7th 
power of a thousand = 1 with 21 
ciphers annexed ; in the English 
system, a million raised to the 6th 
power == 1 with 36 ciphers annexed. 

sexto ('to), n. [pi. sextos ('toz)], 
a book consisting of sheets each of 
which is folded into six leaves. 

sexton ('tun), n. an inferior official 
of a church whose duty it is to at- 
tend to burials, the church, &c. 
Fem. sextoness. 

sextuple ('tti-pl), adj. sixfold. 

sexual ('u-al), adj. pertaining to, 
characteristic of, based on, or dis- 
tinguishing, sex ; pertaining to the 
organs of generation. 

sexuality (-al'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being distinguished by 
sex. 

sexualize (-iz), v.t. to attribute sex 
to. 

sexually ('ti-al-li), adv. in a sexual 
manner; with reference or relation 
to sex. \ 

shabbily (shab'i-li), adv. in a shab-| 
by manner. 

sbabbiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being shabby. 

sbabby ('i), adj. [comp. shabbier, 
superl. shabbiest], threadbare or 
worn, as clothes ; mean in appear- 
ance or conduct ; despicable. 

shack (shak), n. shabby old house; 
hut ; log cabin. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
booGi ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



jj^mi 




Copyright, Underwood & l^ndeiwood. 

SHEEP RAISING IN THE WEST. 



slia 



721 



slia 



sitaek (sliak), n. liberty of winter 
pasturage from harvest to seed- 
time ; a tramp. 

shackle (shak'l), n. anything that 
confines the hands or legs or ob- 
structs free action, as gyves ; fet- 
ters ; handcuffs ; the bar of a pad- 
lock : v.t. to fetter ; embarrass or 
hinder ; unite or fasten with a 
shackle. 

shad, (shad), n. an anadromous fish, 
valued as food. 

sliade (shad), n. comparative ob- 
scurity caused by the interception 
of the rays of light ; darkness ; a 
shady place ; gradation of light ; 
screen or cover ; the soul after 
death : pi. wine vaults : v.t. to screen 
from light or heat ; darken or ob- 
scure ; shelter ; paint in obscure 
colors ; mark with gradation of light 
or color. 

skadily ('i-li), adv. in a shady man- 
ner. 

shading ('ing), n. the act of making 
a shade ; representation of light and 
shade. 

fishadoiv (shad'o), n. shade within 
defined limits ; shade or deprivation 
of light representing on a surface 
the forms of the body which inter- 
cepts the rays of light ; dark part 
of a picture ; obscurity or darkness ; 
protection or security ; reflected im- 
age ; faint representation ; insepara- 
ble companion ; small degree ; a de- 
tective : v.t. to shade ; darken or 
cloud ; conceal or screen ; represent 
typically; attend closely as a 
shadow ; follow and watch closely, 
as a detective. 

sliadowiness (-i-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being shadowy. 

shadoiviiLg (-ing), n. shading. 

shadowy ('i), adj. full of, or caus- 
ing, shade or shadows ; sheltered 
from light or heat ; dim ; unreal ; 
typical. 

shady (shad'i), adj. [comp. shadier, 
superl. shadiest], abounding in, or 
causing, shade ; sheltered from the 
glare of light or heat ; pertaining to 
darkness ; dubious ; equivocal. 

shaft (shaft), n. an arrow; anything 
resembling an arrow; the long nar- 
row entrance to a mine ; carriage- 



pole ; handle ; part of a chimney ; 
body of a column between the base 
and the capital. 

shafting ('ing), n. a system of 
shafts for transmitting power. 

shag (shag), n. a kind of tobacco; 
rough, woolly hair ; a bushy mass. 

shagginess ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being shaggy. 

shaggy ('i), adj. rough with long 
hair or wool ; rough ; rugged. 

shagreen (sha-gren'), n. the skins 
of various animals, as horses, don- 
keys, prepared without tanning, and 
grained to resemble the skins of 
sharks ; the rough skin of sharks 
and dogfishes prepared as leather : 
adj. made of shagreen. 

shah (sha), n. the sovereign of Per- 
sia. 

shake (shak), v.t. [p.t. shook, p.p. 
shaken, p.pr. shaking], to cause to 
shiver ; move with a quick, short 
motion ; agitate ; make afraid ; give 
a tremulous note ; to vibrate : v.i. 
to tremble or quake. 

shakedown ('doun), n. a temporary 
bed. 

shaken ('n), p. adj. agitated; cracked 
or split. 

Shaker ('er), n. one of a religious 
communistic sect that practices 
dancing in worship. Fem. Shaker- 
ess. 

Shakerism ('izm), n. the doctrines 
or tenets of the Shakers. 

Shakespearean ( shak-sper'e-an ) , 
adj. pertaining to, resembling, or 
characteristic of, Shakespeare or his 
works. Also Shakespearian, Shak- 
spearian. 

shakiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being shaky. 

shako (shak'o), n. a kind of military 
cap. 

shaky (shak'i), adj. [comp. shakier, 
superl. shakiest], in a shaking con- 
dition ; feeble ; full of cracks ; un- 
sound. 

shale (shal), n. a husk; a laminated 
argillaceous rock. 

shall (shal), v.i. & auxil. [p.t. 
should], to be under obligation; 
used in the future tense of the verb. 

shalloon (-oon'), n. a kind of twilled 
worsted stuff. 



ate, arm. 



:, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon^ 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



Bhs^ 



722 



sha 



sliallop ('op), n. a schooner-rigged 
two-masted boat; a small boat or 
canoe. 

«Iiallot ('ot), n. the eschalot. 

shallow Co), adj. having little depth ; 
not profound ; superficial ; trifling ; 
a flat place where the water is not 
deep ; shoal : v.i. to become shallow. 

Oam (sham), n. a trick, fraud, or 
make-believe ; imposture ; counter- 
Mt : adj. feigned ; false ; unreal : 
€i.L [p.t. & p.p. shammed, p.pr. 
shamming] , to make false pretenses : 
v.t. to make a pretense of in order 
to deceive. 

nhamMe (sham'bl), v.i. to walk 
awkwardly and unsteadily ; shuffle : 
n.pl. a slaughter-house ; meat-mar- 
ket. 

sham'b'Ung ('bling), n. an awkward, 
unsteady pace. 

sliame (sham), n. sl painful sensa- 
tion caused by the sense of guilt, 
impropriety, or dishonor ; that 
which causes shame ; reproach in- 
curred or suffered ; modesty or de- 
corum : v.t. to make ashamed ; cause 
to blush ; cover with disgrace. 

shamefaced ('fast), adj. bashful. 

shameful ('fool), adj. causing 
shame ; disgraceful ; indecent. 

sliam.efully (-li), adv. in a shameful 
manner. 

shammer (sham'er), n. one who 
shams. 

shammy ('i), n. chamois. 

shampoo (-poo'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
shampooed, p.pr. shampooing], to 
rub and press (the limbs and joints) 
after a hot bath ; to cleanse and 
rub (the head) with soap, &c. : n. 
the act of shampooing. 

shampooer ('er), n. one who sham- 
poos. 

shamrock ('rok), n. a trefoil clover 
plant : the Irish national emblem. 

shank (shangk), n. the leg from the 
knee to the ankle ; long part of any 
instrument ; body of a type. 

shanty (shan'ti), n. a rude hut. 

shapable (shap'a-bl), adj. that may 
be shaped ; shapely. 

shape (shap), it. the form or figure 
of a thing ; external appearance ; 
pattern : v.t. to make into a particu- 



lar form ; fashion : regulate ; con- 
ceive. 

shapeliness ('li-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being shapely. 

shapely ( 'li ) , adj. well-formed ; sym- 
metrical ; comely. 

shard (shard), n. a potsherd. 

share (shar), n. a portion or part; 
part allotted or belonging to one ; 
dividend ; plowshare : v.t. to part 
among two or more ; divide ; take or 
possess in common ; partake of or 
use with others : v.i. to have a share 
or part. 

sharebroker ('bro-ker), n. one who 
deals in railway or other shares. 

shark (shark), n. a large voracious 
fish with sharp teeth ; a rapacious, 
artful fellow. 

sharp (sharp), adj. having a very 
thin edge or fine point ; terminating 
in an edge or point ; very thin ; 
peaked or ridged ; keen ; severe ; 
acute; subtle: n. a character (Jf) in 
music which raises a note a semi- 
tone. 

sharpen ('en), v.t. to make sharp or 
sharper ; give edge or point to ; 
make more acute : v.i. to become 
sharp ; play tricks in bargaining. 

sharper ('er), n. a cheat; swindler, 

shatter (shat-er), v.t. to break into 
many pieces at once ; crack or rend ; 
overthrow ; dissipate : n.pl. broken 
fragments. 

shave (shav), v.t. to cut or pare off 
with a razor or other sharp-edged 
instrument ; cut in thin slices ; skim 
along or near the surface of ; plun- 
der or fleece : v.i. to use the razor 
in removing hair : n. a thin slice ; 
the operation of shaving ; an in- 
strument for shaving hoops, &c. 

shaver ( 'er ) , n. one who, or that 
which, shaves ; a barber ; a young' 
ster. 

shaving ('ing), n. the act of one who 
shaves ; a thin slice pared off. 

shawl (shawl), n. a square cloth of 
various materials used as a loose 
outer covering for the shoulders, 
&c. : v.t. to cover or wrap with a 
shawl. 

shawm (shawm), n. an ancient wind 
instrument. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



she 



723 



sM 



shea (she'a), n. a tropical tree yield- 
ing a kind of butter or solid oil. 

sheaf (shef), n. [pi. sheaves 
(shevz) ], a quantity of grain bound 
together ; a bundle ; number of ar- 
rows sufficient to fill a quiver : v.t. to 
gather or bind into sheaves. 
I shear (sher), v.t. [p.t. sheared, p.p. 
'\ sheared or shorn, p.pr. shearing], to 
cut or clip, especially with shears; 
reap : v.i. to use shears : n.pl. a cut- 
ting instrument operating like scis- 
sors, but larger; an apparatus for 
raising heavy weights. 

shear-steel ('stel), n. a kind of fine 
' steel, specially tempered, &c. 

shear- water ('waw-ter), n. a kind 
of gull. 

sheath (sheth), n. a scabbard; any 
sheath-like covering. 

sheathe (shei/i), v.t. to put into a 
sheath or scabbard ; case with a pro- 
tecting covering. 

sheave (shev), n. a grooved wheel 
in a block or pulley over which the 
rope runs. 

Shechinah (she-kx-na), n. the visible 

■ presence of Jehovah manifested 
from the mercy-seat and reflected 
'' from the overshadowing cherubim. 
Also Shekinah. 

shed (shed), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. shed, 
p.pr. shedding], to pour out or dif- 
fuse ; cause to flow out ; emit : v.i. 
to let fall or cast off seed : n. a 
slight building. 

sheen (shen), n. brightness; splen- 
dor : adj. bright ; glittering. Also 
sheeny : v.i. to shine or glisten. 

sheep (shep), n., s. & pi. any rumi- 
nant animal of the genus Ovis, val- 
ued for its wool and flesh ; a foolish, 
bashful fellow : pi. God's people, as 
being under the care of the Good 
Shepherd, Jesus Christ. 

sheer (sher), adj. pure; unmixed; 

kvery thin or transparent ; precipi- 
tous : v.i. to deviate from the proper 
J course. 
sheers, same as shears. 
sheet (shet), n. a large thin slice of 
- anything ; broad piece of linen to 
K cover a bed; broad piece of paper; 
|r letter ; newspaper ; broad expanse 
or surface ; rope attached to a sail 



to extend it ; open space in the bow 
or stern of a boat. 

sheik (shek, or shak), n. the head of 
a Bedouin family, tribe, or clan. 

shekel (shek'el), n. an ancient Jew- 
ish coin or weight : pi. money. 

Shekinah, same as Shechinah, 

sheldrake (shel'drak), n. a kind of 
duck. Fern, shelduck, 

shelf (shelf ),w. \_pl. shelves (shelvz) ], 
a flat ledge or board for holding 
anything ; a sandbank or flat pro- 
jecting ledge of rock. . 

shell (shel), n. a hard outside cover- 
ing ; any framework ; rough kind of 
coffin ; a hollow projectile ; lightly 
constructed boat : v.t. to strip off or 
remove the shell of ; take out of the 
shell ; separate from the ear or cob ; 
throw shells upon or into : v.i. to fall 
off, as a shell. 

shellac (-ak'), n. crude resin lac 
melted and formed into thin plates. 

shelter ('ter), n. that which protects 
or shields ; security ; asylum ; har- 
bor ; defense ; protector : v.t. to pro- 
tect or shield from injury or vio- 
lence ; conceal : v.i. to take or give 
shelter. 

sheltie ('ti), n. a Shetland pony. 

shelve (shelv), v.t. to place on a 
shelf ; furnish with a shelf ; dismiss 
from service, or postpone indefinite- 
ly : v.i. to incline gradually; slope. 

shelving ('ing), n. materials for 
shelves ; shelves collectively. 

Sheol (she'ol), n. among the Hebrews 
the place of departed spirits ; Ha- 
des. 

shepherd (shep'erd), n. one who 
tends sheep ; a pastor. Fern, shep- 
herdess : v.t. to tend as a shepherd. 

sherbet (sher'bet), n. a cooling bev- 
erage of water and fruit juices sweet- 
ened, &c. 

sherd (sherd), n. a fragment. 

sheriff ('if), n. the chief executive 
officer of a shire or coimty. 

sheriffalty (-al-ti), n. the office or 
jurisdiction of a sheriff. 

sherry ('i), n. a dry amber-colored 
wine, originally obtained from 
Xeres, Spain. 

shew, same as show. 

shibboleth (shib'o-leth), n. a word 
which was made the criterion to dis- 



Iate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
[ book; hue, hmt; think, then. 



sM 



724 



slio 



tinguish the Ephraimites from tlie 
Gileadites, the former not being 
able to pronounce sh (Judges xii.) : 
hence the criterion of a party. 

shied, p.t. & p.p. of shy. 

shield (sheld), n. a broad piece of 
defensive armor, carried on the left 
arm ; defense or protection ; an es- 
cutcheon : v.i. to protect with, or 
as with, a shield ; ward off or avert, 

shift (shift), n. a turning from one 
thing to another ; change ; substitu- 
tion ; chemise : v.t. to change the 
place of ; dress in fresh clothes : vA. 
resort to expedients ; to alter or 
change. 

shiftless C'les), adj. destitute of ex- 
pedients ; having no means of liveli- 
hood ; lazy ; improvident. 

shifty ('i), adj. full of expedients; 
changeable. 

shillalah (shil-a'la), n. an oaken 
cudgel. Also shillelah, shillelagh 
[Irish]. 

shilling ('ing), n. a silver British 
coin, value about 24 cents, 

shilly-shally ('i-shal'i), adv. in an 
irresolute, undecided manner : v.i. 
to hesitate ; act irresolutely. 

Shiloh (shi'lo), n. the Messiah [He- 
brew]. 

shiiumer (shim'er), v.i. to shine un- 
steadily or tremulously ; flicker : n. 
a tremulous gleam ; flicker. 

shin (shin), n. the forepart of the leg 
between the ankle and knee ; shank : 
v.i to climb a tree, &c., by means of 
the hands and legs. 

shindy ('di), n. an uproar; spree; 
fancy. , 

shine (shin), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. shone, 
p.pr. shining], to emit rays of light ; 
be bright or beautiful ; be distin- 
guished, eminent, or conspicuous : 
v.t. to cause to shine by reflected 
light : n. sunshine ; bright weather ; 
row ; prank ; fancy for a person. 

shiner ('er), n. one- who, or that 
which, shines ; the dace ; a gold 
coin. 

shiir.gle (shing'gl), n. a thin piece of 
wood used for roofing ; coarse, round, 
water-worn gravel : pi. a. cutaneous 
disease which spreads round the 
body like a belt : v.t. to cover or roof 
with shingles. 



shining (shin'ing), adj. emitting 
light ; radiant ; eminent ; distin- 
guished. 

shinty ('ti), n. hockey; the club used 
in playing hockey. 

Shintoism (shin'to-izm), n. the na- 
tive religion of Japan, a system of 
nature and ancestor worship, asso- 
ciated with which is the peculiar 
reverence paid to the Mikado, Also 
Shinto. 

Shintoist (-ist), n. an adherent of 
Shintoism. 

shinty ('ti), n. hockey; the club used 
in playing it [Scotch]. 

shiny (shin'i), adj. [comp. shinier, 
superl, shiniest], diffusing light; 
bright. 

ship, a suffiw meaning office, state, 
dignity, art, or skill, as lordship, 
hoTsevasinship. 

ship (ship), n. any large vessel for 
the conveyance of passengers or 
merchandise, especially one with 
three masts and square-rigged: v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. shipped, p.pr. shipping], 
to place on board a ship ; carry by 
water ; put in its place or proper 
position : v.i. engage for service on 
board ship. 

shipboard ('bord), n. the deck of a 
ship. 

shipshape ('shap), adj. in good or- 
der : adv. neatly. 

shocker (shok'er), n. one who, or 
that which, shocks ; cheap sensa- 
tional novel. 

shocking ('ing), adj. causing to 
shake or tremble ; extremely offen- 
sive or disgusting. 

shod, p.t. of shoe. 

shoddy (shod'i), n. the wool of old 
woolen fabrics torn to pieces and 
remade with an admixture of fre&h 
wool into new cloth : adj. made of 
shoddy ; not genuine ; sham. 

shoe (shoo), n. [pi. shoes (shooz)], 
a low covering for the foot, usually 
of leather ; a horseshoe ; anything 
in the shape of a shoe : v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. shod, p.pr. shoeing], to furnish 
with a shoe or shoes ; tip. 

shone, p.t. & p.p. of shine. 

shook (shook), p.t. of shake: n. a set 
of staves and headings for a cask 



ate, arm, ask, at* awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 




Copyright, Underwood & ^^^^^^^^^^ , ^^^3- ^SHIPS 



BilO 



725 



SiLF 



ready to be set up ; set of boards for 
a sugar-box : v.t. to pack in shooks. 

3h«ot (shoot), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. shot, 
p.pr. shooting], to let fly or dis- 
charge with a sudden force, as a 
bullet, &c. ; strike with a shot ; hurl ; 
emit ; kill game in or over : v.i. to 
protrude or project ; be shot or pro- 
pelled forcibly ; rush along ; sprout ; 
be affected with darting pains : n. a 
yoang branch or growth ; chute. 

shooting: ('ing), n. the act of one 
who shoots ; wounding and killing 
with a firearm ; sensation of darting 
pain : adj. pertaining to, or suitable 
for, shooting. 

shop (shop), n. a building where 
goods are sold by retail ; place 
where mechanics carry on their 
trade : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. shopped, p. 
pr. shopping], to visit shops to pur- 
chase goods. 

shoplifting ('lift-ing), n. stealing 
goods from a shop. 

shore (shor), n. the coast or land ad- 
jacent to the sea, &c. ; a prop or 
s'jpport : v.t. to support by a shore 
or shores. 

shoring ('ing), n. the act of support- 
ing or strengthening by a shore : 
props collectively. 

shorn, p.t. of shear. 

short (short), adj. [comp. shorter, 
superl. shortest], not long either in 
space or time ; near at hand ; inade- 
quate ; defective ; deficient ; not tena- 
cious ; abrupt ; petulant ; brief ; brit- 
tle; crumbling in the mouth; not 
prolonged in sound : pi. ground 
grain sifted finer than bran : adv. 
abruptly ; quickly. 

shorten ('n), v.t. to make short or 
shorter in time, extent, or measure. 

shorthand ('hand), n. a system of 
writing by abbreviated symbols. 

shortly ('li), adv. soon; quickly; 
curtly. 

shortness ('nes), n. the state or 
quality of being short. 

shot (shot), n. [pi. shots and shot], 
the act of shooting ; discharge of a 
firearm, &c. : missile, especially a 
bullet or ball ; small balls of lead 
for killing game ; a marksman : 
range of a missile : v.t. to load with 
shct. 



shot-silk ('silk), n. a silk fabric hav- 
ing the warp and weft of two colors, 
thus presenting changeable tints. 

should, p.t. of shall. 

shoulder (shol'der), n. the articula- 
tion connecting the human arm, or 
the foreleg of a quadruped, to the 
body ; that which resembles a shoul- 
der ; a prominence ; support : pi. the 
upper part of the back : v.t. to take 
upon the shoulder ; assume the re- 
sponsibility of; jostle or thrust 
about with the shoulder. 

shout (shout), n. a loud and sudden 
Cry or outburst of joy, triumph, en- 
couragement, &c. : v.i. to utter a 
loud and sudden cry : v.t. to utter 
with a shout. 

shove (shuv), %. a forcible push: 
v.t. to push along ; drive before one : 
v.i. to push forward or off. 

shovel ('1), n. an implement with a 
broad scoop and a handle for lifting 
and throwing coal, &c. : v.t. to take 
and throw up with a shovel ; gather 
up with, or as with, a shovel. 

show (sho), v.t. [p.t. showed, p.p. 
shown, p.pr. showing], to present to 
view ; display ; disclose ; make clear ; 
guide ; direct ; teach ; confer or be- 
stow : v.i. to appear ; manifest one's 
self : n. the act of showing ; expos- 
ure to sight ; ostentatious display ; 
exhibition or spectacle ; pretense. 

shower (shou'er), n. a fall of rain or 
hail of short duration ; copious fall 
or supply of anything : v.t. to water 
copiously with rain ; bestow liberal- 
ly : v.i. to rain in showers. 

showeriness (-i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being showery. 

showery (shou'er-i), adj. raining or 
abounding in showers. 

showily (sho'i-li), adv. in a showy 
manner. 

showiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being showy ; ostenta- 
tion ; parade. 

showy ('i), adj. ostentatious; gay. 

shrank, p.t. of shrink. 

shrapnel-shell (shrap'nel-shel), n. 
a projectile filled with bullets and a 
bursting charge. 

shred (shred), n. a long narrow piece 
torn or cut off ; piece or fragment : 
v.t. to tear into small pieces. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met 
book ; hue, hut : 



mite, mit ; note, north, not 
think, then. 



boonr 



<slir 



726 



nhn 



■shreiv (shroo), n. a scolding, vexa- 
tious woman ; a small, insectivorous, 
burrowing animal, resembling a 
mouse. 

shrewd (shrood), adj. sharp-witted 
or clever in practical affairs ; of 
nice discernment ; sagacious ; sly ; 
astute. 

^lirewisli (shroo'ish), adj. like a 
shrew. 

shriek (shrek), v.i. to utter a shriek : 
n. a sharp, shrill outcry. 

^shrievalty (shrev'al-ti), n. the office 
or jurisdiction of a sheriff. Also 
shrivalty. 

shrift (shrift), n. confession to a 
priest ; absolution. 

shrike (shrik), n. a bird that preys 
on small birds and insects and im- 
pales them on thorns to eat them 
conveniently; the butcher-bird. 

shrill (shril), adj. sharp and pierc- 
ing in tone : v.i. to utter an acute, 
piercing sound. 

shrimp (shrimp), n. a small shell- 
fish allied to the lobster ; anything 
very small of its kind ; a dwarf. 

shrine (shrin), n. a case or recepta- 
cle in which sacred relics are de- 
posited ; any sacred place or hal- 
lowed object ; an altar : v.t. to place 
in a shrine. 

shrink (shringk), v.i. [p.t. shrank, 
p.p. shrunk, p.pr. shrinking], to 
contract spontaneously ; become 
wrinkled ; withdraw ; recoil : v.t. to 
cause to contract : n. contraction ; 
withdrawal. 

shrinkage ('aj), n. the act of shrink- 
ing ; contraction ; decrease in value. 

shrive (shriv), v.t. [p.t. shrived or 
shrove, p.p. shriven, p.pr. shriving], 
to_ confess and absolve : v.i. to re- 
ceive confession. 

shrivel (shriv'l), v.i. to be drawn 
into wrinkles ; contract : v.t. to 
cause to contract into wrinkles. 

shroud (shroud), n. a winding sheet 
or covering for the dead ; anything 
that covers or conceals : pi. a set of 
large ropes supporting the masts : 
v.t. to cover with, or as with, a 
shroud ; conceal. 

shrove, p.t. of shrive. 

Shrove Tuesday (shrov ttiz'da), n. 



the Tuesday next before Ash Wed- 
nesday. 

shrub (shrub), n. a woody plant of 
less size than a tree ; a kind of 
beverage of lemon juice, spirit, &c. 

shrubbery ('er-i), n. [pi. shrubber- 
ies (-iz)], a collection of shrubs; 
plantation of shrubs. 

shrug (shrug), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
shrugged, p.pr. shrugging], to con- 
tract or draw up (the shoulders) to 
express _ doubt, contempt, dislike, 
&c. : v.i. to raise the shoulders : n. 
a raising or contracting of the shoul- 
ders. 

shrunk, p.t. & p.p. of shrink. 

shrunken ( shrungk'en) , p.adj 
shriveled up. 

shuck (shuck), n. a shell or husk; 
v.t. to deprive of shells or husks. 

shudder (shud'er), n. a trembling 
with fear or horror : cold shivering : 
v.i. to feel a cold tremor from fear 
or horror ; quake. 

shuddering (-ing), p.adj. trembling 
as with fear or horror. 

shuffle (shuf'l), v.t. to push from one 
to another ; change the relative po- 
sitions of : v.i. to change the order 
of cards in a pack ; evade fair ques- 
tions ; prevaricate ; drag the feet in 
walking or dancing : n. the act of 
shuffling ; artifice or evasion ; slov- 
enly, irregular gait. 

shuffler ('ler), n. one who shuffles; 
an American duck. 

shuffling ('ling), adj. moving with 
a slovenly^ irregular gait ; evasive. 

shun (shun), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
shunned, p.pr. shunning], to avoid; 
keep clear of; escape from; neg- 
lect ; decline. 

shunt (shunt), v.t. to turn off, on, 
or as on, a side rail : v.i. to be 
turned aside : n. a turning off to a 
side rail ; a short side rail. 

shut (shut), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. shut,' 
p.pr. shutting], to close so as to 
prevent entrance or exit ; prohibit 
or bar ; exclude ; close over : v.i. to 
become closed : adj. closed. 

shutter ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, shuts; a movable screen for 
a window. 

shuttle ('1), n. an instrument used 



I 



ate, iirm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



Shu 

in weaving ; sliding thread-holder 
1 in a sewing machine. 
J shuttlecock (-kok), n. a cork stuck 
with feathers and driven with a 
;, battledore. 

shy (shi), adj. [comp. shyer, superl. 
' shyest] , timid ; shunning approach : 
cautious ; reserved ; suspicious ; mod- 
est : v.i. to start aside from fear : 
. v.t. to throw sidewise with a jerk ; 
fling : n. the act of starting aside 
from fear ; a side throw. 

shyly Cli), adv. in a shy manner. 

shyness ('nes), n. the state of being 
shy. 

shyster ('ster), n. one who carries 
on legal business in a mean and 
tricky manner. 

si (se), the seventh note of the scale 
[Music]. 

Siamese (si-a-mez'), adj. pertaining 
to Siam, its language, or inhabitants. 

sibilance (sib'i-lans), n. the state or 
quality of being sibilant. Also sib- 
ilancy. 

sibilant ('i-lant), adj. making, or 
uttering, a hissing sound : n. a sibi- 
lant letter, as s, z. 

sibilation. (-la'shun), n. utterance 
with a hissing sound. 

sibyl ( 'il ) , n. a woman endowed with 
a spirit of prophecy. 

sibylline (-in), adj. pertaining to, 
uttered, or written by, a sibyl. 

sic (sik), adj. such [Scotch] : adv. 
thus [Latin]. • 

siccative ('a-tiv), adj. drying. _ 

sice (sis), n. the number 6 at dice. 

sick (sik), adj. ill in health; affected 
with nausea ; inclined to vomit ; 
disgusted ; indisposed ; set apart for 
the sick. 

sicken ('n), v.i. to become sick; fall 
ill ; be filled with disgust ; decay or 
languish : v.t. to make sick ; disgust. 

sickening (-ing), adj. making sick; 
disgusting ; nauseating. 

sickish ('ish), adj. somewhat sick or 
ill : exciting disgust. 

sickle CO, n. a reaping hook. 

sickliness ('li-nes), n. the state of 
being sickly or in bad health. 

sickly ('li), adj. ailing; weak; ha- 
bitually indisposed ; producing dis- 
ease. 

sickness ('nes), n. the state of being 



727 sig 

sick or. in bad health ; illness ; dis- 
eased condition. 

sida (si'da), n. a ligneous Indian fiber 
used as a substitute for hemp and 
^flax. 

side (sid), n. one of the surfaces that 
define or limit a solid ; edge ; part 
of a man or an animal between the 
shoulder and hip ; slope or declivity ; 
party ; position ; line of descent ; as- 
pect ; affectation or self-assertion ; 
bias of a billiard ball : v.i. to em- 
brace the cause or tenets of one 
party against another : v.t. to stand 
at the side of. 

sideboard ('bord), n. a piece of din- 
ing-room furniture for holding din- 
ing utensils. 

sidelong ('long), adv. obliquely: adj. 
lateral. 

sidereal (sl-de're-al), adj. pertaining 
to the stars ; astral ; measured by 
the apparent motion of the stars. 

sidereal year (yer), n. the time oc- 
cupied by the earth in completing 
its revolution round the sun. 

side-ivheel (sid'hwel), n. a paddle 
wheel at the side of a steamboat. 

side- wheeler ('er), n. a steamboat 
having side-wheels. 

siding ('ing), n. a railroad track by 
the side of the main track, for 
switching, &c. : adj. taking sides. 

sidle ('1), v.i. to go or move side 
foremost. 

siege (sej), n. the surrounding and 
investing of a place by an army to 
compel its surrender ; continued en- 
deavor to obtain possession ; floor of 
a glass furnace : v.t. to besiege. 

sienna (si-en'a), n. red or brown 
clay obtained from Sienna, Italy : 
used as a pigment. 

sierra (se-er'a), n. a chain of moun- 
tains with serrated, ridges. 

siesta (-es'ta), n. midday or after- 
dinner nap. 

sieve (siv), n. a utensil for separat- 
ing the finer from the coarser parts 
of a substance. 

siffleur (si-fler'), n. a professional 
whistler. Fern, siffleuse. 

sift (sift), v.t. to separate with, or 
as with, a sieve ; scrutinize. 

sigh (si), v.i. to inhale and respire 
with a long, deep, and audible 



fi.te, arm, §sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; booiv 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



Big 



728 



sil 



breathing; grieve; lament: v.t. to 
express by sighs ; mourn : n. the 
act of sighing. 

sight (sit), n. the act of seeing; per- 
ception ; visibility ; judgment ; men- 
tal view ; spectacle ; view ; space 
seen; a small piece of metal on a 
gun, &c., to guide the eye in aiming ; 
large number or quantity : v.t. to 
see ; adjust the sight of. 

sightliness ('li-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being sightly. 

sightly ('li), adj. pleasing to the eye. 

sigmoid (sig'moid), adj. curved like 
the letter s. 

sign (sin), n. a mark, token, or sym- 
bol ; that by which anything is 
known or represented ; visible rep- 
resentation ; memorial ; indication ; 
the twelfth part of the zodiac • 
omen ; wonder ; signboard : v.t. to 
represent with a sign ; signify ; af- 
fix a signature to ; ratify by writing 
one's own name ; convey formally : 
v.i. to make a sign or signal. 

signal (sig'nal), n. a sign for giving 
notice, especially at a distance : 
something to attract the eye or ear : 
adj. memorable ; distinguished ; re- 
markable ; pertaining to signals : 
v.t. to convey by signals ; make sig- 
nals to. 

signalize (-iz), v.t. to make especial- 
ly conspicuous. 

signatory ('na-to-ri), adj. signing* 
n. one who signs or subscribes, es- 
pecially for a state. 

signature ('na-ttir), n. name of a 
person written by himself ; sign- 
manual ; mark or stamp impressed : 
flats or sharps after the clef to in- 
dicate the key [Music]. 

signet (sig'net), n. a seal, especially 
that used by a sovereign in sealing 
documents under sign-manual. 

significance (-nif'i-kans), n. mean- 
ing or import; consequence. Also 
significancy. 

significant (-kant), adj. designed or 
adapted to signify; expressive or 
suggestive; important: n. a token 
^or symbol. 

signification (-ka'shun), n. the act 
of signifying; that which is signi- 
fied; meaning. 



significator (-nif'i-ka-ter), n. »»€ 
who, or that which, signifies. 

significatory (-to-ri), adj. havi»g 
signification. 

signify ('ni-fi), v.t. Ip.t. & p.p. sig- 
nified, p.pr. signifying], to show by 
a sign, mark, or token ; denote ; 
make known ; involve ; manifest : 
v.i. to be of consequence. 

signiory (sen'yor-i), n. dominion; 
lordship; estate; aristocracy [Ital- 
ian]. 

sign-manual ( sin'man-ti-al ) , n. a 
signature, especially a royal signa- 
^ ture. 

signor (sen'yor), n. sir [Italian]. 
Also signior. Fern, signora. 

signorina (-e'na), n. Miss [Italian]. 

Sikh (sek), n. one of a warlike race 
inhabiting the Punjab. 

silage, same as ensilage. 

silence (si'lens), n. entire absence 
of sound ; having no sound ; taci- 
turnity ; obscurity ; oblivion : v.t. to 
make silent ; reduce to silence by 
irrefutable arguments ; cause to 
cease firing ; restrain from the ex- 
ercise of any function, especially 
preaching. 

silent ('lent), adj. noiseless; not 
speaking ; not pronounced ; taci- 
turn ; quiet. 

silesia (si-le'shi-a), n. a kind of lin- 
en cloth. 

silex (si'leks), n. flint. 

silhouette (sil-oo-ef), n. the out- 
line or profile filed in with black : 
v.t. to represent by a silhouette. 

silica ('i-ka), n. silicon dioxide. 

silicate ('i-kat), n. a salt of silicic 
acid. 

silicated (-ka-ted), adj. combined or 
impregnated with silica. 

silicic (si-lis'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
derived from, compounded with, or 
like, silica. 

silico, a prefix denoting the presence 
of silicon, as silicoS^noride. 

silicon ('i-kon), n. a non-metallic ele- 
ment. 

silk (silk), n. a fine, soft, tenacious 
thread spun by certain caterpillars, 
as that of Bomhyx mori ; cloth made 
of silk ; garment made of silk : adj. 
pertaining to, or made of, silk. 



6te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon< 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 





J&««^ 



Copyright, Underwood & Underwood. 

SILK CULTURE AT BROUSSA, TURKEY 
Children drying the Cocoons. 



p 



sil 



729 



sin 



t 



silken ('en), adj. made of, or like, 
silk. 

silkiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being silky. 

silky ('i), adj. pertaining to, made 
of, or resembling, silk ; silken. 

sill (sil), n. the foundation of any- 
thing in timber or stone, especially 
a timber at the bottom of a door or 
window ; a young herring. 

sillibub ('i-bub), n. a mixture of 
cream, wine, or cider, forming a 
soft curd. Also sillabub ; syllabub. 

sillily ('i-li), adv. foolishly. 

silliness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being silly. 

silly ('i), adj. [comp. sillier, superl. 
silliest], weak in intellect; foolish; 
indiscreet. 

silo (si'lo), n. a store pit for green 
fodder, potatoes, &c. 

silt (silt), n. mud or sand deposited 
by running or standing water : v.t. 
to fill up or obstruct with silt : v.i. 
to percolate. 

silver (sil'ver), n. a soft, white, 
metallic element, used for coins and 
articles of plate, &c. ; money ; any- 
thing resembling silver in brightness 
or color : adj. pertaining to, or made 
of, silver ; soft and clear, as the 
voice ; gentle : v.t. to cover or coat 
with silver. 

silvering (-ing), n. the art or process 
of covering with silver, or with an 
amalgam of tin and quicksilver ; the 
film thus laid on. 

silvery (-i), adj. covered with, con- 
taining, or like, silver; soft and 
clear ; bright. 

simian (sim'i-an), adj. pertaining to, 
characteristic of, or like an ape : n. 
an ape or monkey. 

similar ('i-lar), adj. having a gen- 
eral likeness or correspondence ; 
alike. 

similarity ('i-ti), n. resemblance. 

simile ('i-le), n. [pi. similies (-lez)], 
a likening by comparison to illus- 
trate something. 

similer ('i-lor), n. an alloy of copper 
and zinc in imitation of gold. 

simmier ('er) , v.t. & v.i. to boil gently. 

simony (sim'o-ni), n. the act or 
crime of buying or selling ecclesias- 
tical preferment; corrupt presenta- 



tion of any one to a benefice : from 
^ Simon Magus Acts viii., 18. 

simoom (si-moom'), n. a hot, dry, 
suifocating wind which blows from 
the deserts of Arabia, &c., laden 
with minute particles of sand. Also 
simoon. 

simous (si'mus), adj. having a flat, 
or snub nose. 

simper (sim'per), v.i. to smile in an 
affected or silly manner : n. affected 
or silly smile. 

simple (sim'pl), adj. [comp. sim- 
pler, superl. simplest], single, not 
complex ; undivided ; not blended or 
compounded ; pure ; plain ; un- 
adorned ; sincere ; natural ; unaf- 
fected ; intelligible ; clear ; weak in 
intellect ; humble ; plain : n. some- 
thing unmixed or not compounded ; 
a medicinal herb. 

simpleton (-tun), n. one who is 
foolish or of weak intellect. 

simplicity (-plis'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being simple ; artlessness 
of mind ; freedom from duplicity ; 
absence of excessive or artificial or- 
nament ; clearness ; innocence ; folly. 

simplification (-pli-fi-ka'shun), n. 
the act of simplifying. 

simplify ('pli-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
simplified, p.pr. simplifying], to 
make simple ; render less complex ; 
make plain or easy. 

simply Cpli), adv. in a simple man- 
ner ; without addition ; only ; mere- 
^ly; foolishly or weakly. 

simulate ( 'u-lat ) , v.t. to pretend or 
counterfeit ; assume the likeness of. 

simulation (-la'shun), n. the act of 
simulating or feigning that which 
is not true. 

simultaneous (-ul-ta'ne-us), adj. 
happening, done, or existing at the 
same time. 

sin (sin), n. wilful transgression of 
the Divine law ; neglect of the laws 
of morality and religion ; violation 
of propriety ; transgression ; in- 
iquity : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. sinned, p.pr. 
sinning [, to commit 3m; transgress 
or offend. 

Sinaitic (si-na-it'ik>, adj. pertain- 
ing to, or given at, Mt. Sinai. 

sinapism (sin'a-pizm), n. a mustard 
plaster. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



sin 



730 



sip 



since (sins), adv. from that time; 
before this or now : prep, from the 
time of ; after : conj. because ; see- 
ing that ; considering. 

sincere (sin-ser'), adj. true; hon- 
est ; not falsely assumed ; genuine ; 
frank ; upright ; pure ; adulterated. 

sincerely (-li), adj. in a sincere man- 
ner, 

sincerity (-ser'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being sincere ; freedom 
from hypocrisy or pretense. Also 
sincereness. 

sine (sin), n. a straight line drawn 
from one extremity of the arc of a 
circle perpendicular to the diameter 
passing through the other extremity : 
a prefix meaning without, as sine- 
cure (sin'e-kur), any office or posi- 
tion for which pay is received with- 
out an equivalent in work rendered. 

sine-w (sin'u), n. a tendon; anything 
supplying strength. 

sine-wy (-i), adj. pertaining to, con- 
sisting of, or like, sinew ; vigorous ; 
tough. 

sinful ('fool), adj. full of sin; 
wicked ; impious ; unholy. 

sinfully (-li), adv. in a sinful man- 
ner. 

«ing (sing), v.i. [p.t. sung, sang, p.p. 
sung, p.pr. singing], to utter melo- 
dious sounds ; make a shrill or hum- 
ming noise; celebrate in verse or 
poetry ; cry out : v.t. to celebrate in 
song ; chant. 

singe (sinj), v.t. to burn slightly or 
on the surface : n. a slight burn. 

single (sing'gl), adj. consisting of 
one only ; alone ; separate ; unmar- 
ried ; performed by one person or 
one on each side ; straightforward ; 
sincere; honest: v.t. to select (one 
person or thing) from others; sepa- 
rate : n. a unit : pi. reeled and 
twisted filaments of silk ; in lawn 
tennis, a game with only one player 
on each side. 

singleness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being single ; sincerity. 

singleton (-tun), n. a single card of 
any suit held by a player at a deal, 
as at whist. 

singly Cgli), adv. individually; par- 
ticularly. 

singsong (sing'song), n. bad singing 



or poetry ; monotonous or drawling 
tone : adj. monotonous. 

singular ('gu-ler), adj. not complex 
or compound ; alone ; noting one per- 
son or thing ; uncommon ; unusual ; 
strange ; extraordinary ; eminent ; 
peculiar ; odd ; unique : n. in Gram- 
mar, the number denoting one per- 
son or thing. 

singularity (-lar'i-ti), n. \_pl. singu- 
larities (-tiz)], the state or quality 
of being singular ; peculiarity ; odd- 
ity. 

sinister ('is-ter), adj. inauspicious; 
unlucky ; evil ; ill-omened ; corrupt ; 
dishonest ; on the left hand or side. 

sink (singk), v.i. [p.t. sunk, sank, 
p.p. sunk, sunken, p.pr. sinking], to 
fall or go downwards ; fall to the 
bottom ; descend lower and lower : 
decline gradually ; enter deeply ; sub- 
side : v.t. to cause to sink ; make by 
digging ; lower in value or amount ; 
reduce or extinguish by payment : 
n. a drain to carry off dirty or su- 
perfluous water. 

sinner (sin'er), n. one who sins; an 
offender ; transgressor ; one who is 
imregenerate. 

sinnet ('et), n. a yarn bound round 
ropes to prevent friction. Also sen- 
net. 

Sinology (si-nol'o-ji) , n. the system- 
atized knowledge of the Chinese lan- 
guage, literature, laws, and history. 

sinter (sin'ter), n. crystallized rock 
precipitated from mineral water ; 
scale from hammered iron. 

sinuate (sin'u-at), adj. having the 
margin alternately curved inward 
and outward. 

sinuosity (-os'i-ti), n. a wavy line; 
the character of being sinuous. 

sinuous ('u-us), adj. bending in and 
out ; winding ; crooked. 

sinus (si'nus), n. a bay or recess; 
cavity or depression ; fistula. 

sip (sip), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sipped, p.pr. 
sipping], to imbibe in small quan- 
tities ; drink out of ; draw into the 
mouth ; taste : v.i. to drink a small 
quantity ; take a fluid with the lips : 
^n. the act of sipping; taste. 

siphon (si'fon), n. a bent pipe or 
tube having one end longer than the 
other, used for drawing off liquids 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boaiv 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



I sip 



731 



six. 



from a higher to a lower level ; the 
respiratory tube of a mollusk ; a 
siphon bottle : v.t. to convey or draw 
off by a siphon. Also syphon. 

siphonage (-aj), n. the action of a 
siphon. 

Sir (ser), n, the title of a baronet 
or knight ; a term of respect. 

sirdar (dar'), n. in India, a chief; 
captain. 

sire (sir), n. a title of respect used 
in addressing the sovereign ; father ; 
head of a family ; male of beasts : 
v.t. to procreate. 

siren (si'ren), n. one of certain fabu- 
lous nymphs in Southern Italy said 
to have sung with such sweetness 
that mariners were irresistibly lured 
to their destruction : hence a woman 
dangerous from her fascinating, en- 
ticing wiles ; a foghorn, a South 
American eel-like amphibian : adj. 
pertaining to, characteristic of, or 
like, a siren ; bewitching. 

sirene (-ren'), n. an instrument for 
ascertaining the number of vibra- 
tions per second corresponding to a 
note of given pitch. 

Sirius (sir'i-us), n, the dog-star. 

sirloin (ser'loin), n. the loin, or up- 
per part of the loin, of beef. 

sirocco (si-rok'o), n. \_pl. siroccos 
('oz)], a hot, relaxing wind, from 
the Libyan deserts. 

sirrah, (sir'a), n. a term of reproach 
^or contempt. 

sisal-grass (sis'al-gras), n. the pre- 
pared fiber of the American aloe, 
used for cordage, &c. 

siskin ('kin'), n. a kind of finch. 

siss (sis), n. a hissing noise: v.i. to 
make a hissing noise. 

sister (sis'ter), n. a female born of 
the same parents as another person ; 
a female fellow-Christian ; a female 
of the same religious society, order, 
or community ; nun ; one of the same 
^ kind or condition. 

sisterhood (-hood), n. sisters collec- 
tively ; number of females belonging 
to the same religious society, &c. 

sister-in-law (-in-law), n. [pi. sis- 
ters-in-law], the sister of one's hus- 
^band or wife ; wife of one's brother- 
Sisyphean (-i-fe'an), adj. pertaining 
to Sisyphus, condemned by Pluto to 



roll to the top of a hill a stone- 
which incessantly fell back when it 
had reached the summit : hence in- 
cessantly recurring ; vainly toilsome.. 

sit, v.i. [p.t. & p.p. sat, p.pr, sitting], 
to rest on the lower part of the 
trunk of the body ; perch ; rest or 
lie; repose on a seat; press or 
weigh ; occupy a seat officially ; be- 
officially engaged ; incubate ; hold a 
session : v.t. to sit upon. 

site (sit), n. local position or situa- 
tion ; ground-plot. 

sitting (sit'ing), adj. resting on the- 
haunches ; perching ; incubating : n.. 
the state, posture, or act of one who- 
sits ; a seat in a church, &c. ; a ses- 
sion ; time during which one sits ;: 
set of egg^s for incubation. 

situate ('u-at), adj. placed. 

situated ('u-a-ted), adj. having a 
position ; placed with respect to any^ 
other object. 

situation (-a'shun), n. position; lo- 
cality ; circumstances ; office ; em- 
ployment. 

sitz-bath (sits'bath), n. a bath for 
bathing in a sitting posture. 

six (siks), adj. one more than 5: n.. 
the number greater by one than 5 ; 
the symbol representing 6 units. 

sixfold ('fold), adj. 6 times as many 
or as much. 

sixpence ('pens), n. a small British 
silver coin, value 6 pennies, or 12 
cents. 

sixpenny ('pen-i)y adj. worth six- 
pence. 

sixscore ('skor), n. & adj. 6 times 20. 

sixteen ('ten), adj. 15 and one more. 

sixteenmo (-mo), n. sextodecimo. 

sixteenth ('tenth), adj. next in order 
after the fifteenth. 

sixth (siksth), adj. first after the/ 
fifth. 

sixtieth (siks'ti-eth), adj. next in 
order after the fifty-ninth. 

sixty ('ti), n. [pi. sixties ('tiz)], the 
product of 6 and 10 : adj. 10 times 6. 

sizable ( siz'a-bl ) , adj. of considerable 
or suitable size. 

size (siz), n. a kind of thin, weak 
glue ; magnitude or bulk : v.t. to pre- 
pare or cover with size ; adjust or 
arrange according to size or bulk ; 
separate by means of a sieve. 



ftte, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



Biz 



732 



sld 



sizzle (siz'l), v.i. to make a hissing 
sound ; fry : n. a hissing sound. 

skald, same as scald. 

skate (skat), n. a kind of flat fish of 
the ray family ; a metallic runner 
fitted in a frame for fastening to the 
boot to slide over ice : v.i. to slide on 
skates. 

skedaddle (ske-dad'l) v.i. to run 
away, especially in terror. 

skein (skan), n. a quantity of thread, 
silk, &c., coiled together. 

skeleton (skel'e-tun), n. the bones 
of an animal separated from the 
flesh ; framework of anything ; out- 
line ; a secret annoyance ; very thin 
person. 

skeletonize (-iz), v.t. to make a 
skeleton of. 

skeleton-key (-ke), n. a thin light 
key, the center parts of which have 
been almost wholly filed away. 

skeptic (skep'tik), n. one who doubts 
the truth of any doctrine or system ; 
one who doubts the existence of God 
or revelation ; an adherent of philo- 
sophical skepticism. 

skeptical (-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or characteristic of, a skeptic ; char- 
acterized by skepticism ; doubting 
the existence of God or Divine reve- 
lation. 

skeptically (-li), adv. in a skeptical 
maner ; with doubt. 

skepticism ('ti-sizm), n. incredul- 
ity ; doubt ; the doctrine that no 
facts can be known with certainty 
beyond the range of experience ; un- 
belief in any particular doctrine or 
system. 

sketck (skech), n. an outline; first 
rough draft ; preliminary study : v.t. 
to draw the outline or give principal 
features of ; make a sketch of : v.i. 
to make sketches. 

sketchily ('i-li), adv. in a sketchy 
manner. 

sketckiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being sketchy ; incom- 
pleteness. 

sketchy ('i), adj. outlined; unfin- 
ished. 

skew (sku), adj. oblique: adv. ob- 
liquely. 

skewer ('er), n. a pin of wood or 
.metal for securing meat, &c., in 



form when roasting: v.t. to fasten 
with, or as with, a skewer. 

ski (ske), n.pl. long narrow pieces of 
wood with one end curved in front, 
used as snow-shoes. 

skiagrapk (ski-a-graf), same as ra- 
diograph, 

skiagraphy, same as radiography. 

skid (skid), n. a sliding wedge or 
drag to retard the motion of a ve- 
hicle by pressure against the wheel ; 
a fender to protect the side of a 
ship : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. skidded, p.pr. 
skidding], to cause to move on, or 
protect with, a skid ; retard by a 
skid : v.i. to slip along obliquely. 

skiddaw ('aw), n. the black guille- 
mot. 

skied, p.t. & p.p. of sky. 

skiff (skif), n. a small light boat. 

skilful (skil'fool), adj. having, or 
displaying, skill ; expert in any art 
or science ; discriminating ; clever ; 
dexterous. 

skill (skil), n. expertness in any art 
or science ; aptitude ; power to dis- 
cern and execute. 

skilled (skil'd), adj. having the 
knowledge and ability which come 
from experience ; possessing skill. 

skillet ('et), n. a small culinary ves- 
sel. 

skilling ('ing), n. the bay of a barn 
or slight addition to a cottage. 

skilly ('i), n. a kind of thin oatmeal 
broth in which meat has been boiled. 

skim (skim),i;.*. [p.t. & p.p. skimmed, 
p.pr. skimming], to remove the scum 
from ; brush the surface of lightly : 
v.i. to pass lightly over ; read super* 
ficially. 

skimmer ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, skims ; a perforated iadle ; a 
marine, bird. 

skimp (skimp), v.t, to do carelessly 
or superficially : v.i, to be parsimo- 
nious : adj. scanty. 

skin (skin), n, the external covering 
of an animal body ; hide ; bark or 
rind ; anything resembling a skin : 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p. skinned, p.pr. skin- 
ning], to remove or strip the skin 
from ; flay ; fleece ; cover with, or as 
with, skin ; reduce to extremities by 
cheating, &c. : v.i. to become covered 
over with skin. 



ate, iirm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ski 



733 



sla 



skinflint ('flint), n. a niggard. 

skinful ('fool), n. a stomachful. 

skink (skingk), n. a kind of lizard. 

skinniness (skin'i-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being skinny. 

skinny ('i), adj. consisting only of 
skin ; very lean. 

skip (skip), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. skipped, 
p.pr. skipping], to leap lightly over; 
omit : v.i. to leap or bound lightly ; 
pass over unnoticed : n. a light leap 
or bound ; omission ; a wicker basket. 
Also skep. 

skipper ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, skips ; the cheese maggot ; 
the master of a merchant vessel ; 
sea-captain. 

skirmish (sker-mish), n. a slight 
combat or irregular fight between 
two small parties ; contest : v.i. to 
fight slightly or in small parties ; 
fight irregularly. 

skirr (sker), v.t. to pass over rap- 
idly. 

skirt (skert), n. the lower and loose 
part of a coat, dress, or other gar- 
ment ; part below the waist ; upper 
petticoat ; midriff of animals ; mar- 
gin or border : v.t. to cover with a 
skirt ; border ; run or pass along the 
edge of : v.i. to be on the border. 

skirting ('ing), n. skirts collective- 
ly ; material for skirts ; a narrow 
vertical board placed round the mar- 
gin of a floor. 

skit ( skit ) , n. brief satire ; burlesque. 

skittish, ('ish), adj. shy; easily 
frightened ; volatile ; vivacious ; wan- 
ton. 

skit,tles ('Iz), n.pl. ninepins. 

skiver (skiv'er), n. a paring tool for 
leather ; sheepskin split for book- 
binding, &c. 

skulk (skulk), v.i. to withdraw into 
a corner for concealment ; lurk ; 
avoid work in a cowardly manner r 
n. a skulker ; a number of foxes to- 
gether. 

skull (skul), n. the bony case inclos- 
ing the brain of a vertebrate animal, 

skunk (skungk), n. an American car- 
nivorous animal allied to the weasel, 
which emits a foetid secretion when 
pursued; a vile, contemptible fel- 
low: v.t. to defeat (an opponent) 
as at cards. 



sky (ski), n. [pi. skies (skiz)], the 
apparent vault of the heavens ; re- 
gion of clouds surrounding the 
earth ; climate or weather : v.t. [p.t. 
&-p.p. skied, p.pr. skying], to raise 
in the air ; hang very high. 

sky-boru ('born), adj. heaven-born 
[Poet.]. 

skylark ('lark), n. a species of lark 
that mounts high in the air and 
sings as it soars. 

skylarking (-ing), n. running about 
the rigging of a ship in sport ; frol- 
icking. 

skyscraper ('skra-per), n. a lofty 
building ; a triangular sail next 
above the royal. 

slab (slab), n. a flat piece of any- 
thing, especially marble or stone ; a 
puddle ; mire : adj. thick ; glutinous. 

slab-sided ('si-ded), adj. flat-sided; 
tall and lanky^ 

slabber ('er), n. saliva: v.i. to let 
saliva or liquid fall from, the mouth. 

slack (slak), adj. relaxed or loose; 
inattentive ; easy or moderate ; not 
busy ; backward : n. that part of 
anything, as a rope, &c., that hangs 
loose. 

slacken ('n), v.i. to become slack or 
less firm, tense, or rigid ; be remiss 
or less diligent ; languish ; become 
slower. 

slag (slag), n. the dross of a metal; 
vitrified cinders. 

slaggy ('i), adj. pertaining to, or 
like, slag. 

slake (slak), v.t. to quench; extin- 
guish ; mix with water : v.i. to be 
mixed with water. 

slam (slam) , v.t. [p.t. & p.p. slammed, 
p.pr. slamming], to shut violently 
and with a loud noise ; put down 
with force and loud noise : v.i. to 
strike violently or noisily : n. a vio- 
lent and noisy banging. 

slander (slan'der), n. a false or ma- 
licious report ; verbal defamation ; 
v.t. to defame or calumniate. 

slanderous (-us), adj. uttering slan- 
ders. 

slang (slang), n. a colloquial lan- 
guage or expression current at any 
particular period ; jargon of some 
particular calling or class in so- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



8la 



784 



sle 



ciety : v.t. to address with slang ; 
abuse with vulgar language. 

slant (slant), n. an inclined plane; a 
sarcastic remark ; a passing breeze : 
v.t. to give a sloping direction to ; 
adj. inclined from a straight line. 

slanting ('ing), adj. oblique. 

slap (slap), n. a blow given with the 
open hand : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. slapped, 
p.pr. slapping], to strike with the 
open hand or with anything broad : 
adv. with a sudden, violent blow ; 
direct ; quick. 

slapdash, ('dash), adv. in a bold, 
careless, or random manner. 

slapjack ('jak), n. a kind of flat bat- 
ter cake. 

slash (slash), n. a long cut; random 
cut ; slit in old costumes : pi. swampy 
or wet lands : v.t. to cut by striking 
violently and at random ; cut into 
long slits ; cut with a whip : v.i. to 
strike violently and at random. 

slashing ('ing), adj. sarcastic; se- 
vere. 

slat (slat), n. a thin, narrow strip of 
wood or metal used for fastening 
together larger pieces. 

slatch ( slach ) , n. the slack of a rope ; 
passing breeze. 

slate (slat), n. any rock that splits 
into thin plates ; thin stone for roof- 
ing ; tablet of stone for writing 
upon ; list of candidates, prepared 
for nomination or election : v.t. to 
cover with slate; register for a po- 
litical appointment ; criticise fiercely. 

slatt (slat), n. a slab of stone used as 
a veneer. 

slattern ('ern), w. a careless, sloven- 
ly woman. 

slatternly (-li), adj. slovenly; un- 
tidy : adv. awkwardly ; untidily. 

slatting ('ing), n. the violent flap- 
ping of anything hanging loose in 
the wind ; slats collectively. 

slaty (slat'i), adj. like slate. 

slaughter (slaw'ter), n. great de- 
struction of life by violence; car- 
nage; killing of oxen, &c., for hu- 
man food: v.t. to slay or kill with 
violence; kill (beasts) for the mar- 
ket. 

Slav (slav), n. one of the great divi- 
sions of the Aryan family or lan- 
guage : adj. Slavonic. 



slave (slav), n. a human being held 
in bondage ; serf ; drudge ; one under 
the power or influence of another : 
v.i. to work like a slave; toil or 
drudge. 

slaver ('er), n. a vessel or trader en- 
gaged in the slave trade. 

slavery ('er-i), n. [pi. slaveries 
(-iz)], the state of entire subjuga- 
tion to the will of another; condi- 
tion of a slave. 

slavey ('i), n. a maidservant. 

Slavic, same as Slavonic. 

slavish ('ish), adj. pertaining to, be- 
fitting, or characteristic of, a slave. 

Slavonic (sla-von'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to the Slavs, their literature, or 
language. Also Slavonian, Slavic. 

slaw (slaw), n. sliced cabbage served 
as a salad. 

slay (sla), v.t. [p.t. slew, p.p. slain, 
p.pr. slaying], to kill or put to death 
with a weapon ; destroy suddenly or 
with violence, ,i 

sleave (slev), n. the knotted Of en- 
tangled part of silk or thread ; floss. 

sled (sled), n. sl carriage or vehicle 
mounted on runners for traveling 
over snow or ice. Also sledge : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. sledded, p.pr. sledding], 
to convey or transport on a sled or 
sledge. 

sledding ('ing), n. the act of tran- 
sporting on, or conveying by, a sled ; 
snow sufficient for the running of 
sleds. 

sledge (slej), n. a large, heavy ham- 
mer ; another form of sled. 

sleek (slek), adj. smooth; glossy. 

sleeky ('i), adj. of a sleek appear- 
ance ; fawning. 

sleep (slep) , n. slumber ; rest ; death : 
v.i. [p.t. & p.p. slept, p.pr. sleeping], 
to take rest in sleep ; be motionless 
or inactive ; be dead ; spin rapidly 
and smoothly. 

sleeper ('er), n. one who sleeps; a 
piece of timber supporting a railway 
track ; a sleeping car. 

sleepful ('fool), adj. drowsy. Also 
sleepish. 

sleepily ('i-li), adv. in a sleepy man- 
ner. 

sleepiness ('i-nes), n. the state or- 
quality of being sleepy. 
sleepy ('i), adj. [comp. sleepier, stt- 

ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon,, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



8le 



735 



sU 



perl, sleepiest], inclined to, or over- 
come by, sleep ; drowsy ; sluggish ; 
lethargic. 

«leet (slet), m« rain mingled with 
snow or hail : v.i. to hail or snow 
with rain mingled. 

sleetiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being sleety. 

sleety ('1), adj. consisting of, or like, 
sleet. 

sleeve (slev), n, the part of a gar- 
ment that covers the arm : v.t. to 
furnish with sleeves. 

sleigh, another form of sled. 

sleight ( slit ) , n. dexterity ; cunning ; 
artful trick. 

slender (slen'der), adj. small or nar- 
row in proportion to the length or 
height ; feeble ; slim ; moderate. 

slept, p.t. & p.p. of sleep. 

sleuth (slooth), n. the track of a man 
or beast as known by the scent. 

sleuthhound ('hound), n. a blood- 
hound. 

slew, p.t. of slay. 

sley (sla), n. a weaver's reed. 

slice (slis), n. a thin broad piece of 
anything; a thin broad knife for 
taking up or serving fish ; a spatula : 
v.t. to cut into thin broad pieces ; 
cut into parts ; divide. 

slick (slik), ad(V. immediately; com- 
pletely : n. metal ore, especially gold, 
crushed and prepared for working. 

slid, p.t. of slide. 

slide (slid),-!;.*, to pass smoothly over 
a surface without leaving it ; glide ; 
pass inadvertently or unobserved ; 
slip : v.t. to thrust along ; cause to 
slip : n. a smooth surface of ice for 
sliding upon ; smooth declivity ; pic- 
ture on glass for exhibition on a 
screen ; fall of a mass of rock or 
snow down a mountain ; a grace of 
two small notes moving by degrees 
(Music]. 

sliding-scale ( 'ing-skal ) , w. a varia- 
blG scale of wages or prices accord- 
ing to the state of trade. 

slight (slit), adj. feeble; inconsider- 
able ; unimportant ; not severe ; tri- 
fling ; slender : n. neglect ; oversight ; 
v.t. to disregard as of little value ; 
neglect. 

slily, same as slyly. 

Blina. (slim), adj. [comp. slimmer, sm- 



perl. slimmest], of small diameter; 
weak ; unsubstantial ; slender. 

slime (slim), n. glutinous mud; any 
viscous substance. 

sliminess ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being slimy. 

slimsy (slim'zi), adj. frail. 

slimy (slim'i), adj. consisting of, cov- 
ered over with, or like, slime. 

sling (sling), n. an instrument for 
throwing stones ; a throw ; hanging 
bandage for an injured arm : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. slung, p.pr. slinging], to 
hurl with, or as with, a sling ; hang 
so as to swing ; hang by a rope so as 
to be moved. 

slink (slingk), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. slunk, 
p.pr. slinking], to creep away as if 
ashamed ; sneak off ; miscarry : said 
of ^ beasts : v.t. to cast prematurely : 
said of beasts : adj. produced prema- 
turely ; lean [Scotch] : n.. the young 
of a beast prematurely born, espe- 
cially a calf ; a sneak. 

slinky ('i), adj. thin. 

slip (slip), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. slipped, 
p.pr. slipping], to glide or slide; 
miss one's foothold ; fall down ; es- 
cape observation ; enter by over- 
sight ; move out of place ; depart or 
escape : v.t. to convey secretly ; cause 
to move quickly and smoothly ; omit ; 
part from a branch or stem : n. the 
act of slipping ; an oversight or 
omission ; indiscretion ; strip ; twig 
from a stock ; scion ; a kind of pet- 
ticoat ; outer covering or case ; liquid 
potter's clay ; an incline for launch- 
ing ships ; a young sole ; a fielder in 
cricket ; a narrow pew or bench : pi. 
part of a theater at the sides of the 
stage. 

slipper ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, slips ; a kind of loose shoe. 

slipperiness (-i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being slippery. 

slippery ('er-i), adj. non-adhesive; 
without firm hold or footing ; unsta- 
ble ; smooth ; cunning. 

slipshod ('shod), adj. wearing shoes 
or slippers down at the heel ; slov- 
enly. 

slit (slit), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. slit Of 
slitted, p.pr. slitting], to cut length- 
wise or into long strips ; split : n. ai 
long cut ; narrow opening. 



ftte, jjm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; bod% 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



Sli 



736 



sin 



slither (slith'er), v.i. to slide. 

sliver (sliv'er or sliv'er), v.t. to cut 
into long thin, or very small pieces : 
n. a splinter. 

sloam (slom), n. a layer of earth be- 
tween seams of coal. 

slobber, same as slabber. 

sloe (slo), n. a small bitter plum. 

slogan Cgan), n. the war-cry or 
gathering-cry of a Highland clan. 

sloop (sloop), n. a one-masted vessel 
with a fore-and-aft rig. 

slop (slop), n. water carelessly 
spilled : puddle ; poor liquor or liquid 
food: pi. dirty water; ready-made 
clothing ; seaman's outfit : v.t. Ip.t 
& p.p. slopped, p.pr. slopping], to 
soil by letting liquid fall upon. 

slope (slop), n. an oblique direction: 
surface inclining gradually down- 
wards : v.t. to form with a _ slope ; 
incline or slant ; direct obliquely : 
v.ii to take an oblique direction ; 
run off. 

sloppy (slop'i), adj. wet; muddy; 
splashed. 

slot (slot), n. a broad, flat wooden 
bar ; bolt ; narrow aperture ; mor- 
tise ; deer's track ; trap-door of a 
stage ; valley : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. slot- 
ted, p.pr. slotting], to groove; trace 
by a slot. 

sloth (sloth), n. idleness; habitual 
indolence ; a South American ar- 
boreal quadruped which walks slow- 
ly on the ground. 

slothful ('fool), adj. lazy; inactive, 

slothfully (-li), adv. lazily; indo- 
lently. 

slouch (slouch), n. a hanging down, 
as of the head or other parts of the 
body ; ungainly, clownish gait ; awk- 
ward, dull fellow : v.t. to cause to 
hang down ; depress at the side : v.i. 
to walk in a clumsy, heavy, awkward 
manner. 

slough (slou), n. a deep muddy 
place ; bog. 

slough (sluf), n. the cast-off skin of 
a serpent ; the part that separates 
from a foul sore : v.i. to separate in 
dead matter from the sound flesh ; 
come off, as the matter formed over 
a sore. 
Blough (sloo), n. drainage-stream and 
marsh in a prairie. 



sloven (sluv'en), n. one who is ha- 
bitually untidy in his dress and neg- 
ligent of cleanliness ; one who is 
negligent of order and neatness. 

slovenliness (-li-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being slovenly. 

slow (slo), adj. not quick or rapid in 
motion ; dilatory ; not prompt or 
quick ; behind in time ; not progres- 
sive ; dull. 

slowworm ('werm), w. a small snake- 
like reptile ; the blind-worm. 

sludge (sluj), n. slush; mire. 

sludgy ('i), adj. slushy; miry. 

slue (sloo), v.t. to turn about a fixed 
point, as a spar, &c. ; twist round : 
v.i. to turn about (with round). 

slug (slug), n. a shelless mollusk, al- 
lied to the land-snail ; a sluggard ; a 
kind of oval bullet : pi. half-roasted 
ore. 

sluggard ('erd), n. one who is habit- 
ually lazy and idle. 

sluggish ('ish), adj. habitually lazy 
and idle ; dull ; slothful ; inactive ; 
slow. 

sluice (sloos), n. a gate for excluding 
or regulating the flow of water in a 
canal, &c. ; stream of water issuing 
through a flood-gate : v.t. to wash 
with water from, or as from, a 
sluice ; wet copiously. 

slum (slum), nt a low, dirty street or 
district of a city or town, inhabited 
by the very poor or criminal classes : 
v.i. [p.t. & p.p. slum, p.pr. slum- 
ming], to visit slums as a fashion- 
able amusement. 

slumber ('ber), v.i. to sleep lightly; 
doze ; be in a state of inactivity or 
negligence. 

slump (slump), n. gross amount or 
mass ; a bog ; a sudden fall, as of 
shares, &c. : v.t. to lump or throw 
into a single lot: v.i. fall or sink 
suddenly. 

slung, p.t. of sling. 

slunk, p.t. of slink. 

slur (sler), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. slurred, 
p.pr. slurring], to sully; soil; con- 
taminate ; pass over superficially ; 
disparage ; pronounce indistinctly ; 
sing or perform in a light, gliding 
manner [Music] : n. a stain ; slight 
reproach or disgrace ; stigma ; a 



Bte, arm, ^sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book; htie, hut; think, th&n. 



sin 



737 



mark ( ' — ^ ) connecting notes that 
are to be sung or played legato. 

Blush, (slush), n. half-melted snow; a 
greasy lubricating mixture. 

slut (slut), n. a dirty, untidy woman. 

sluttish ('ish), adj. untidy and dirty. 

sly (sli), adj. [comp. slyer j superl. 
slyest], artfully cunning; under- 
hand and crafty ; meanly insidious. 

slyly ('li), adv. in a sly manner. 

slyness ('nes), n. the state of being 
sly. 

smack (smak), n. a quick, smart 
blow ; loud kiss ; quick, sharp noise 
with the lips ; flavor ; taste ; a one- 
masted coasting or fishing vessel : 
v.t. to kiss with a quick sharp noise : 
strike with a quick, smart blow : 
v.i. make a noise with the lips after 
tasting something. 

small (smawl), adj. [comp. smaller, 
superl. smallest], little in quantity 
or degree ; inconsiderable ; of little 
worth or ability; not large or ex- 
tended in dimensions ; narrow-mind- 
ed ; mean : n. the slender part of 
anything. 

small pica (pi'ka), n. a size of print- 
ing-type (see type). 

smallpox: ('poks), n. a contagious, 
feverish disease, characterized by 
eruptions upon the skin. 

smalt (smawlt), n. a deep blue pig- 
ment. 

smart (smart), adj. causing a quick, 
sharp pain ; poignant ; sharp ; clev- 
er ; accomplished ; brilliant ; wit- 
ty ; vivacious ; pretentious ; showy ; 
brisk ; obtained by sharp practices : 
n. a quick, pungent, lively pain ; 
poignant grief : vA. to feel a lively, 
pungent pain ; endure punishment. 

smarten ('n), v.t. to make smart or 
spruce. 

smart-mioney (-mun'i), n. money 
paid by a person to free him from 
some unpleasant diflBculty, especially 
a recruit from his enlistment ; money 
allowed to wounded soldiers and 
sailors. 

smash (smash) , v.t. to break in pieces 
by violence ; crush : v.i. to become 
bankrupt : n. a breaking to pieces ; 
bankruptcy. 

smasher ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, smashes. 



smatter (smat'er), v.i. to talk super- 
ficially or ignorantly ; have a super- 
ficial knowledge of anything, 

smattering (-ing), n. superficial 
knowledge. 

smear (smer), v.i. to overspread with 
anything unctuous, viscous, or adhe- 
sive; daub; pollute: n, a blot or 
stain. 

smectite (smek'tit), n. fuller's earth. 

sm.ell (smel), v.t. \_p.t. & p.p. smelled 
or smelt, p.pr. smelling], to perceive 
by the nose ; obtain the scent of : v.i. 
to affect the nos« or olfactory nerves ; 
exercise the sense of smell : n. that 
quality of bodies which affects the 
sense of smell ; odor. 

smelling ('ing) , n. the sense of smell. 

smelt (smelt), n. a small salmonoid 
fish : v.t. to fuse, as an ore, to sepa- 
rate the metal. 

smerky (smerk'i) ,a(Zy. jaunty ; spruce. 

smerlin (smer'lin), n, a kind of 
loach. 

sme-w (smu), n. a migratory diving 
bird of the duck family ; the white 
nun. 

smilax (smi'laks), n. a climbing plant 
of the lily family. 

smile (smil), v.i. to express pleasure, 
moderate joy, love, or kindness by 
the countenance ; look gay, cheerful, 
or happy ; express slight contempt 
by a smile ; favor : v.t. to express by 
a smile : n. the act of smiling ; a 
look of pleasure, kindness, happi- 
ness, or slight contempt : a drink of 
liquor. 

smirch (smerch), -y.f. to smear; dirty. 

smirk (smerk), v.i. to smile affected- 
ly or conceitedly : n. an affected 
smile : adj. spruce. 

smite (smit), v.t. [p.t. smote, p.p. 
smitten, p.pr. smiting], to strike, as 
with the hand or a weapon ; kill ; 
overthrow in battle ; blast ; chasten ; 
affect with any passion : v.i. to 
strike. 

smith (smith), n. one who forges 
metal with a hammer : worker in 
metals. 

smithing ('ing), »r. the art or process 
of working or forging metals into 
shape. 

smithy ('i), n. a smith's workshop. 



&te, arm. 



[, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, thotn. 



smo 



738 



smock (smok), n. a chemise; smock- 
frock. 

smock-frock ('frok), n. an agricul- 
tural laborer's_ loose outer shirt. 

smokable (smok'a-bl), adj. capable 
of being smoked. 

smoke (smok), n. the vapor or sub- 
stance that escapes when a sub- 
stance is burned ; vapor ; exhala- 
tion ; act of smoking ; pipe or cigar ; 
foolish talk : v.t. to apply smoke to ; 
hang up in smoke ; dry, scent, or 
medicate by smoke; inhale and puff 
out the smoke of ; expel by smoke ; 
detect or ferret out : v.i. to emit 
smoke ; burn tobacco in a pipe, &c. ; 
inhale and puff out smoke. 

smokily ('i-li), adj. in a smoky man- 
ner. 

smokiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being smoky. 

smoking ('ing), p.adj. emitting 
smoke ; used for smoking in. 

smoky ('i), adj. giving out, or filled 
with, smoke ; tarnished or noisome 
with smoke. 

smolder (smol'der), v.i. to burn 
slowly or smoke without vent ; exist 
in a stifled condition. 

smolt (smolt), n. a young salmon 
that has acquired its silver scales. 

smooth (smoo^/0, adj not rough; 
even ' surfaced ; frictionless ; gently 
flowing ; glossy ; bland ; soothing ; 
flattering • v.t. to make smooth ; ren- 
der easy ; calm ; regulate : v.i. to be- 
come smooth : n. the act of making 
smooth ; smooth part of anything ; a 
meadow. 

smiote, p.t. of smite. 

smotker (smuth'er) , v.t. to destroy 
the life of by suffocation ; stifle ; 
suppress or conceal : v.i. to be suffo- 
cated • n. stifling smoke or thick 
dust. 

smoulder, same as smolder. 

smudge (smuj), n. a smear or stain; 
suffocating smoke ; a smoldering fire 
of damp combustibles emitting dense 
smoke for the purpose of keeping off 
mosquitoes : v.t. to smear or stain ; 
blacken or stifle with smoke. 

smudginess ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being smudged. 

smug (smug), adj. affectedly precise 
or prim ; spruce ; neat. 



smuggle ('1), v.t. to import or ex- 
port secretly without paying custom- 
house duties; convey or introduce 
clandestinely : v.i. to practice smug- 
gling. 

smut (smut), n. a spot or stain made 
by soot or similar dirty matter ; bad, 
soft coal ; a fungoid disease affect- I 
ing cereal grain ; obscenity : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. smutted, p.pr. smutting], 
to soil or blacken with, or as with, 
smut : v.i. to become converted into 
smut ; give off smut. 

smuttily ('i-li), adj. in a smutty 
manner. 

smuttiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being smutty. 

smutty ('i)L, adj. soiled or stained 
with smut ; affected with smut ; ob- 
scene. 

snack (snak), n. a slight, hasty re- 
past. 

snacot Cot), n. a kind of pipe-fish. 

snaffle (snaf'l), n. a bridle consisting 
of a joint in the middle and rings at 
the ends : v.t. to put a snaffle in the 
mouth of. 

snag (snag) , -n. a short rough branch ; 
knot ; trunk of a tree fixed in the 
bed of a river : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
snagged, p.pr. snagging], to injure 
or destroy by contact with a snag. 

snagged ('d), adj. full of, or covered 
with, snags. Also snaggy. 

snail (snal),*^. a slimy, slow-creeping 
gasteropod of the genus Helix : 
hence any slow-moving person ; 
drone. 

snake (snake), n. a serpent: v.t. to 
wind round spirally ; to draw out. 

snakisk ('ish), adj. snake-like. 

snaky ('i), adj. pertaining to, or hav- 
ing the characteristics of, a snake; 
deceitful ; sly ; cunning ; insinuat- 
ing. 

snap (snap), v.i. [p-t. & p.p. snapi>ed, 
p.pr. snapping], to break short or 
instantaneously ; produce a sharp, 
sudden sound ; utter sharp, angry 
words ; miss fire : v.t. to break at 
once ; crack ; bite suddenly and un- 
expectedly : n. the act of snapping : 
noise made by snapping ; spring 
catch ; sudden and sharp spell, as of 
weather : pi. a kind of crisp cake : 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



739 






adj. brisk ; offhand ; made or done 
without due notice ; unfair. 

snapdragon ('drag-un), n. a plant 
with a corolla that shuts with a 
snap when opened ; a social game in 
which raisins are snatched from a 
bowl of burning brandy. 

snappish, ('ish), adj. apt to snap or 
eager to bite; sharp in retorting; 
peevish ; caustic ; easily irritated. 

snapshot (snap'shot), n. instanta- 
neous photograph ; a quick shot 
with a gun or rifle. 

snare (snar), n. a running noose of 
cord or wire for catching an animal ; 
anything that entangles or entraps 
one; the gut stretched across the 
head of a drum : v.t. to catch or en- 
tangle with, or as with, a snare. 

snarl (snarl), v.i. to growl like an 
angry dog; speak surlily: v.t. to 
complicate or entangle, as thread or 
hair : n. the act of snarling ; growl ; 
angry contention or quarrel ; a com- 
plicated entanglement of hair, &c. 

snarling ('ing), n. the production of 
raised hollow metal work by ham- 
mering with a special tool on the 
inner surface. 

I snatch (snach), v.i. to take or seize 
abruptly and suddenly or without 
permission; seize and carry away: 
'D.i. to attempt to seize anything 
suddenly. 

sneak (snek), v.i. to creep or steal 
away privately or meanly ; slink ; 
act with servility and meanness ; 
steal : n. a mean, servile fellow ; 
petty thief. 

sneer (sner), -yi. to show contempt 
by some facial expression ; insinu- 
ate contempt by a covert expres- 
sion ; scofE : n. an indirect expres- 
sion of contempt or scorn. 

sneeze (snez), v.i. to emit a sudden 
and violent rush of air through the 
mouth and nostrils, audibly and con- 
vulsively : n. the act of sneezing. 

snicker (snik'er) , n. a half-suppressed 
laugh ; a giggle : v.i. to laugh slyly ; 
giggle. 

sniff (snif), v.i. to draw in the breath 
through the nose, often as an ex- 
pression of contempt : v.t. to smell 
or scent : n. the act of sniflang. 

snigger, same as snicker. 



sniggle (snig'l), v.i. to fish for eels 
by thrusting the baited hook into 
their holes. 

snip (snip), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. snipped, 
p.pr. snipping], to cut or clip off at 
once, as with scissors : n. a single 
cut with scissors ; small piece. 

snipe (snip), n. a long-billed fen 
fowl ; curbstone broker. 

snivel (sniv'el), v.i. to run at the 
nose ; cry, as a child : n. mucus run- 
ning from the nose ; cant. 

sniveler (-er), n. one who snivels. 

snob (snob), n. a vulgar person who 
apes gentility ; vulgar upstart ; jour- 
neyman shoemaker ; knobstick. 

snobbish ('ish), adj. pertaining to, 
characteristic of, or like, a snob. 

snobbishness (-nes), n. vulgar or 
ostentatious show. Also snobbery, 
snobbism. 

snood (snood), n. a ribbon for bind- 
ing up the hair of a maiden 
[Scotch] ; hair-line to connect a 
fishing-linewith the hook. 

snooze (snooz), v.i. to nap : n. a nap. 

snore (snor), v.i. to breathe through 
the nostrils with roughness or 
hoarseness in sleep : n. a noisy 
breathing in sleep. 

snout (snout), n. the projecting nose 
of a beast; nose of a man (in con- 
tempt). 

snoiv (sno), n. frozen particles of 
vapor in the atmosphere in the form 
of white feathery flakes : v.i. to fall 
in snow. 

snowbird ('herd), n. an Arctic bird, 
the snow-bunting. 

snoAvdrop ('drop), n. a bulbous 
plant with pretty white flowers. 

snowfall ('fal), n. the quantity of 
snow which falls during a given 
time. 

snow-line ('lin), n. the lowest limit 
of perpetual snow. 

snowy ( 'i ) , adj. white like snow ; ■ 
covered with, or abounding in, snow ; 
pure. 

snub (snub), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. snubbed, 
p.pr. snubbing], to check or repri- 
mand with sarcasm or asperity; 
treat with designed contempt : n. an 
intended slight ; reprimand. 

snub-nosed ('nozd), adj. having a 
short, flat nose. 



&te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



snn 



740 



soo 



snnfp (snuf), v.t. to draw in through 
the nose ; smell or scent ; take the 
snuff off, as a candle : v.i. to snort or 
sniff ; take snuff into the nostrils : 
n. powdered tobacco inhaled through 
the nose ; charred part of the wick 
of a candle. 

snuffle ('1), v.i. to speak or breathe 
hard through the nose when ob- 
structed : n. a speaking through the 
nose when obstructed ; affected nasal 
twang ; cant : pi. obstruction of the 
nostrils by mucus. 

snuffy ('i), ad;, soiled with snuff. 

snug (snug), adj. Icomp. snugger, su- 
perl. snuggest], concealed; lying 
close and warm ; compact and con- 
venient : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. snugged, 
p.pr. snugging], to lie close and 
warm (with up or together). 

snuggery ('er-i), n. [pZ. snuggeries 
(-iz)], a warm, cosy place. 

snuggle ('1), v.i. to lie close for 
warmth and comfort. 

so (so), adv. in a like manner or de- 
gree; in high degree; as has been 
stated ; for this reason ; therefore ; 
more or less : conj. on condition 
that ; if ; therefore : inter j. stop ! 

s»ak (sok), v.t. to cause to suck in 
moisture ; steep in a fluid ; wet thor- 
oughly : v.i. to become saturated or 
steeped in fluid ; drink excessively. 

soap (sop), n. a compound of oils or 
fats and an alkali used for washing 
and cleansing : v.t. to rub over, or 
wash, with soap ; wheedle. 

soapiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being soapy. 

soapstone ('ston), n. a variety of 
steatite. 

soapy ('i), adj. covered with, or like, 
soap ; soft and smooth. 

soar (sor), vA. to fly aloft, as a bird; 
mount upwards with wings ; rise in 
thought or imagination : n. a lofty 
flight. 

sob (sob), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. sobbed, 
p.pr. sobbing], to sigh in a convul- 
sive manner with tears : v.t. to utter 
with a sob : n. a convul-sive sigh ; 
lamentation. 

sobbing ('ing), n. the act of sighing 
with a short convulsive heaving of 
the breast. 

sober (so'ber), adj. habitually tem- 



perate, especially in the use of in- 
toxicating liquors ; self-possessed ; 
calm ; steady ; sedate : v.t. to make 
sober : v.i. to become sober. 

sobriety (-bri'e-ti), n. habitual tem- 
perance ; calmness ; seriousness. 

sobriquet (so-bre-ka') n. a nickname 
[French]. 

soc (sok), n. certain privileges of ten- 
ants under the feudal system ; the 
feudal lord's power of holding a 
court in a district. Also soke. 

sociability (so-shia-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being sociable; 
disposition to associate and converse 
with others. Also sociableness. 

sociable ('shia-bl), adj. disposed to 
associate and converse with others ; 
social ; conipanionable ; affable : n. a 
kind of vehicle ; tricycle or bicycle 
for two riders ; a social gathering. 

sociably (-bli), adv. in a sociable 
manner. Socially. 

social ('shal), adj. pertaining to men 
as living in society ; inclined to 
friendly intercourse and conversa- 
tion ; convivial ; growing in groups 
or masses ; living in communities. 

socialism (-izm), n. an economic 
theory or system of the reconstruc- 
tion of society on the basis of co- 
operation of labor and community 
of property. 

socialist (-ist), n. an advocate of so- 
cialism. 

socialistic (-is'tik), adj. pertaining 
to, or characteristic of, socialism. 
Also socialist. 

sociality (-shi-al'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being social. Also social- 
ness. 

socialize ('shal-iz), v.t. to render so- 
cial ; regulate according to socialise 
tic principles. 

society (-si'i-ti), n. [pi. societies 
(-tiz)], a number of persons united 
for a common interest ; people col- 
lectively who live in any region at 
any given period ; fraternity ; com- 
pany ; the more cultivated portion of 
any community in its social rela- 
tions, &c. 

sociological (-shi-o-loj'ik-al), adj. 
pertaining to, or characteristic of, 
sociology. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



741 



sol 



sociologist (-ol'o-jist), n. a student 
of sociology^ 

sociology ('o-ji), n. the science of 
the constitution, evolution, and phe- 
nomena of human society ; social 
science. 

sock (sok), n. a light shoe worn by 
the classic actors of comedy ; a short 
stocking ; warm inner sole. 

sockdolager (-dol'a-jer), n. a conclu- 
sive argument ; whopper. 

socket ('et), n. a hollow into which 
something is fitted; hollow of a 
candlestick. 

socle (s5'kl), n. a plain plinth form- 
ing a low pedestal ; base of a statue, 
&c. 

sod (sod), n. turf; sward: v.t. to 
cover with sod; turf. 

soda (so'da), n. impure carbonate of 
soda ; sodium oxide. 

soda-water (waw-ter), n. aerated 
water containing bicarbonate of 
soda. 

sodden (sod'n), adj. boiled; satu- 
rated : v.i. to be soaked or seethed : 
v.t. to saturate. 

soddy ('i), adj. turfy. 

sodic (so'dik), adj. pertaining to, or 
containing, sodium. 

sodium ('di-um), n. a metallic ele- 
ment. 

sofa (so'fa), n. a long seat with 
stuffed bottom, back, and arms. 

soffit (sof'it), n. a small paneled ceil- 
ing; under part of a cornice pre- 
senting a flat surface. 

soft (soft), adj. easily yielding to 
pressure ; malleable ; smooth to the 
touch ; not glaring ; impressionable ; 
effeminate ; quiet ; easy ; courteous ; 
mild ; kind ; somewhat weak in in- 
tellect : n. a foolish person : adv. 
softly ; quietly : inter j. gently ! stop ! 

soften (sof'n), v.t. to make soft or 
softer ; tone down ; palliate ; as- 
suage ; render less rude or offensive ; 
make effeminate ; melt : v.i. to be- 
come soft or softened. 

soggy (sog'i), adj. soaked; wet. 

soi-distant (swa-de-zang'), adj. self- 
styled ; calling himself ; would-be ; 
pretended [French]. 

soil (soil), n. the top stratum of the 
earth's surface ; land ; dirt ; manure ; 



stain : v.t. to make dirty ; stain or 
mar : v.i. to become soiled. 

soiree (swa-ra'), n. an evening party 
for conversation and social inter- 
course ; public evening entertain- 
ment with refreshments. 

sojourn (so'jern or so-jern'), v.i. to 
dwell for a time: n. a temporary 
residence._ 

soko (so'ko), n. a species of anthro- 
poid ape. 

Sol (sol), n. the sun. 

sol (sol), n. the 5th note of the dia- 
tonic scale. 

solace (sol'as), n. comfort in sor- 
row ; consolation : v.t. to comfort in 
sorrow. 

solano (so-la'no), n. a hot oppressive 
wind in the Mediterranean. 

solar ('lar), adj. pertaining to, meas- 
ured by, or proceeding from, the sun. 

solarize (-Tz), v.t. to expose too long 
in the camera. 

solar-year (-yer), n. the period dur- 
ing which the earth makes one com- 
plete revolution round the sun, 365 
days 5 hours 48 minutes 52 seconds. 

sold, p.t. & p.p. of sell. 

solder (sod'er or sol'der), n. a me- 
tallic alloy for uniting metals : v.t. 
to unite by a fusible metallic ce- 
ment ; join. 

soldier (sol'jer), n. a person engaged 
in military service ; a private as dis- 
tinguished from an officer ; man of 
military skill : v.i. to serve or act aa 
a soldier ; make a pretense of work. 

sole (sol), n. the underside of the 
foot ; bottom of a boot or shoe, &c. ; 
bottom of anything; a flat fish of 
the genus Solea : v.t. to furnish with, 
or as with, a sole : adj. alone ; being 
or acting by one's self ; unmarried. 

solecism (sol'e-sizm), n. a breach of 
the rules of syntax, or idiom of a 
language ; impropriety ; absurdity. 

solely (sol'Ii), adv. alone; singly. 

solemn (sol'em), adj. characterized 
by religious rites or ceremonies ; in- 
spiring awe ; serious ; devout ; for- 
mal ; attended with a serious appeal 
to God. 

solemnity ('ni-ti), n. [pi. solemni- 
ties (-tiz)], a religious rite or cere* 
mony ; ceremony adapted to inspire 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl 



; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



sol 



742 



sol 



awe ; gravity ; impressiveness ; af- 
fected or mock seriousness. 

solemnization (-ni-za'shun), n. the 
act of solemnizing. 

solemnize ('em-niz), v.f. to perform 
with ceremonies ; celebrate. 

solenoid (so-len-oid), n. an electro- 
magnetic helix. 

sol-fa (sol-fa') v.i. [p.t. & p.p. sol- 
faed, p.pr. sol-faing], to sing or vo- 
calize the diatonic scale to the sylla- 
bles do, re, mi, fa, &c. 

soMatara (sol-fii-ta'ra), n. a volcanic 
vent, which emits sulphurous and 
other vapors. 

solfeggio (-fad'jo), n. the system of 
arranging the musical scale with the 
syllables do, re, &c., instead of the 
letters. A, B, &c. Also solfeggiare. 

solferino (-fa-re'no), n. a bright, 
deep pink aniline color. 

solicit (so-lis'it), v.t. to ask for with 
earnestness ; entreat ; invite or sum- 
mon ; endeavor to obtain : v.i. to can- 
vass. 

solicitation (-i-ta'shun), n. the act 
of soliciting ; importunity ; the of- 
fense of inciting to a felony ; offense 
of accosting by a prostitute. 

solicitor ('it-er) , n. one who solicits ; 

- a person legally qualified to act for 
another in a court of law ; an attor- 
ney ; a canvasser. 

solicitorsMp (-ship), n. the office or 
rank of a solicitor. 

solicitous ('i-tus), adj. eager; anx- 
ious ; apprehensive : concerned. 

solicitude ('i-tud), n. the state of 
being solicitous ; concern ; anxiety ; 
carefulness, 

solid (sol'id), adj. having the parti- 
cles so close or firmly adhering as to 
resist impression ; compact ; cubic ; 
not hollow ; dense ; heavy ; weighty ; 
just ; unanimous : n. a body having 
its constituent particles firmly ad- 
hering together. 

solidarity (-i-dar'!-ti), n. community 
of interests and responsibilities. 

solidification (-id-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
the act of solidifying, the state of 
being solidified. 

solidify (-id'i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
solidified, p.pr. solidifying], to make 
solid : v.i. to harden. 



solidity ('i-ti), n. density; compact- 
ness ; stability ; truth ; moral firm- 
ness. 

soliloquize (so-lil'6-kwiz), v.i. to ut- 
ter a soliloquy. 

soliloquy ('o-kwi), n. [pi. soliloquies 
(-kwiz)], a talking or discourse to 
one's self ; a written composition of 
the nature of a monologue. | 

solitaire (sol-i-tar'), n. a game 
played by one person ; a stud ; pre- 
cious stone in single setting ; hermit* 

solitarily ('i-ta-ri-li), adv. in a soli- 
tary manner. 

solitariness (-nes), n. the state of 
being solitary. 

solitary ('i-ta-ri), adj. living by one's 
self ; lonely ; single ; done, passed, 
or suffered alone ; remote ; unoccu- 
pied ; gloomy. 

solitude ('i-ttid), n. the state of be- 
ing by one's self ; loneliness ; seclu- 
sion ; desert. 

solo (so'lo), n. [pi. solos ('loz)], an 
air, or musical piece performed by a 
single instrument or by one vocalist. 

soloist (-ist), n. one who performs or 
sings a solo. 

solstice (sol'stis), n. that point in the 
ecliptic at which the sun is farthest 
from the equator, north in summer, 
south in winter. 

solstitial (-stish'al), adj. pertaining 
to, or happening at a solstice. 

solubility (-n-bil'i-ti), n. the state, 
quality, or degree of being soluble 
or dissolvable. 

soluble ('ii-bl), adj. capable of being 
dissolved in a fluid ; capable of solu- 
tion. 

solus (so'lus), adj. alone [Latin]. 

solution (-lu'shun), n. the act of dis- 
solving by means of a fluid; deliver- 
ance ; explanation. 

solvability (sol-va-biri-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being solvable; 
solvency. 

solvable (Va-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing solved. 

solve (solv), v.t. to explain; clear 
up ; remove. 

solvency ('en-si), n. the state or 
quality of being solvent. 

solvent (sol' vent), n. any liquid that 
dissolves another substance : adj. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book : hue, hut ; think, then. 



743 



SOG 



able to discharge just claims or 
debts; having the power of dis- 
solving. 

somatology (so-ma-toro-ji), n. the 
science of the general principles of 
matter, and its properties. 

somber (som'ber), adj. dull; melan- 
choly ; dark ; gloomy. 

soinbrero (-bra'ro), n, a kind of 
broad-brimmed hat. 

som.brous ('brus), adj. gloomy; dull. 

some (sum), a sufjlae meaning like, 
same, as winsome," gladsome, &c. : 
adj. more or less ; expressing an in- 
determinate number, person, or 
quantity ; one or the other ; about. 

somebody ('bod-i), n. some person; 
a person of importance. 

somehow ('how), adv. in one way 
or another ; by some means. 

somiersault ('er-sawlt), n. a leap in 
which a person turns with his heels 
over his head. 

som.etliing ('thing), n. a thing un- 
known, or not specified ; part or por- 
tion ; indefinite quantity or degree : 
adv. in some degree. 

sometimie ('tim), adv. at a time in- 
definitely ; formerly ; once. 

somewbat ('hwot), n. more or less: 
adv. in some degree or extent. 

soiuexiT-bere ('hwar), adv. in one 
place or another. 

somewbile ('hwil), adv. once; for a 
while. 

somewbitber ('hwWier) , adv. to 
some indeterminate place. 

somnambulism ( som-nam'bu-lizm ) , 
n. the act or practice of walking 
in sleep. 

somnam.bulist (-list), n. a sleep- 
walker. 

somniferous (-nif'er-us), adj, caus- 
ing sleep. 

somnipatby (-nip'a-thi), n. sleep 
caused by some external influence, 
as mesmerism. 

somnolence ('no-lens), n. sleepi- 
ness ; drowsiness. Also somnolency. 

somnolent ('no-lent), adj. inclined 
to sleep. 

son (sun), n. a male child, or de- 
scendant ; male issue of a parent, 
father or mother ; pupil ; native or 
inhabitant of a particular country. 



Son, n. the second person of the Holy 
Trinity. 

sonant (so'nant), adj. sounding; vo- 
cal. 

sonata (-na'ta), n. a musical com- 
position for one instrument, espe^ 
cially the pianoforte. 

sonatina (-na-te'na), n. a short, sim- 
ple sonata. 

song (song), n. a lyrical poem or bal- 
lad ; any poetical strain ; poetry ; 
poem ; notes of birds ; mere trifle. 

songster ('ster), n. one skilled in 
singing ; a singing bird. Fem. song- 
stress. 

soniferous (so-nif'er-us), adj, pro- 
ducing, or conveying, sound. 

son-in-law (sun'in-law), n. [pi. 
sons-in-law (sunz-)], the husband 
of one's daughter. 

sonnet (son'et), n. a short lyric 
poem of fourteen lines, each of five 
accents, with varying rhymes. 

sonneteer (-et-er'), n. a composer of 
sonnets ; minor poet : v.i. to com- 
pose sonnets. 

sonometer (so-nom'e-ter), n. an ap- 
paratus for showing the relation be- 
tween musical notes, or testing the 
capacity of the auditory nerves. 

sonorific (so-no-rif'ik), adj. produc- 
ing sound. 

sonorous (s6-no'rus), adj. giving a 
clear sound when struck ; resonant ; 
loud-sounding ; vocal ; deep-toned. 

sonsbip (sun'ship), n. the state or 
position of being a son. 

soon (soon), adv. in a short time; 
quickly ; easily ; early ; without de- 
lay. 

soot (soot), n. finely divided carbon, 

sootb (sooth), n. truth. 

sootbe (sooth), v.t. to please or calm 
with soft words or blandishments; 
comfort ; allay ; pacify ; assuage. 

sootbsay sooth'sa), v.i. to predict or 
foretell. 

sootbsayer (-er), n. one who fore- 
tells or prognosticates. 

soothsaying (-ing), n. the art or 
practice of foretelling or making 
predictions. 

sootiness (soot'i-nes), n. the state ot 
quality of being sooty. 

sooty ('i), adj. [comp. sootier, su- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



sop 



744 



son 



perl, sootiest], pertaining to, pro- 
ducing, or like, soot ; dusky, black. 

sop (sop), n. anything steeped, dipped, 
or softened in a liquid, especially in 
broth ; something given to pacify : 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sopped, p.pr. sop- 
ping], to steep or dip in a liquid. 

sophisiu (sof'izm), n. a specious but 
fallacious argument ; fallacy. 

sophist ('ist), n. one of a body of 
men in ancient Greece (5th century 
B. C.) who taught philosophy, elo- 
quence, and politics ; a fallacious or 
captious reasoner. 

sophistical (so-fis'ti-kal). adj, per- 
taining to, or characteristic of, a 
sophist ; fallaciously subtle ; quib- 
bling. Also sophistic. 

sophisticate ('ti-kat), 'D.t. to render 
worthless by adulteration ; pervert ; 
vitiate. 

sophistry (sof'is-tri), n. [pi. sophis- 
tries (-triz)], specious but falla- 
cious reasoning ; unsound argument. 

sophomore ('o-mor), n. a student in 
his second academic year. 

sopor (so'per), n. deep sleep from 
which a patient is aroused with dif- 
ficulty. 

soporific (so-po-rif'ik), adj. causing, 
or tending to induce, sleep : n. an 
opiate or anodyne. 

soppy (sop'i), adj. soaked or satu- 
rated with a liquid ; very wet. 

soprano (so-pra'no), n. \_pl. sopra- 
nos, soprani ('noz, 'ne)], the high- 
est kind of female voice ; a singer 
with such a voice. 

sorb (sorb), n. the European moun- 
tain-ash, yielding a fruit called 
rowans. 

sorhefacient (s5r-be-fa'shi-ent), adj. 
producing absorption. 

sorcerer ('ser-er), n. a magician, 
wizard, or enchanter. Fem. sor- 
ceress. 

sorcery (-1), n. [pi. sorceries (-iz)], 
divination by the aid of evil spirits ; 
witchcraft ; magic ; enchantment. 

Sordid ('did), adj. mean; vile; base; 
niggardly ; meanly avaricious. 

sore (sor), adj. tender or painful to 
the touch ; inflamed : painful ; sensi- 
tive ; susceptible of irritation ; 
heavy : grievous ; severe ; distress- 
ing : adv. grievously ; severely ; 



deeply : n. a painful or diseased part 
ia an animal body ; ulcer ; wound ; 
sorrow ; trouble ; a hawk of the first 
year ; a buck of the fourth year. 

sorely (sor'li), adv. in a sore man- 
ner. 

soreness ('nes), n. the state or quali- 
ty of being sore ; tenderness. 

sorghum (sor'gum), n. a cane-like 
grass resembling broom corn, yield- 
ing sugar ; molasses prepared from 
the juice of sorghum. 

sorosis (so-ro'sis), n. a woman's club 
or association. 

sorrel (sor'el), n. a dock-like plant 
of the genus Rumex ; a reddish- 
brown color. 

Sorrento ■urork (-en'to werk), «. 
carved ornamental fretwork in olive- 
wood with inlaid decorations. 

sorrily ('i-li), adv. in a sorry man- 
ner. 

sorriness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being sorry. 

sorrow ('o), n. mental pain or un- 
easiness caused by loss, disappoint- 
ment, &c. ; grief ; distress ; unhappi- 
ness ; regret ; affliction : v.i. to feel 
mental pain or uneasiness; grieve; 
lament ; be sad. 

sorrowful (-fool), adj. full of, or 
showing, sorrow ; sad. 

sorrowfully (-li), adv. in a sorrow- 
ful manner. 

sorry ('i), a4j. [comp. sorrier, superl, 
sorriest], feeling regret for the loss 
of some good ; vexed ; pained ; 
mean ; worthless. 

sort (sort), n. a kind or species; 
class, rank, or order ; manner ; de- 
gree: v.t. to separate and place in 
different divisions or classes ; select : 
v.i. to consort or associate. 

sortie (sor'te), n. the issuing of a 
body of troops from a besieged place 
to attack the besiegers. 

sot (sot), n. a habitual drunkard. 

sottish ('ish), adj. like a sot; stu- 
pid ; infatuated. 

sotto voce ('to vo'cha), adv. in an 
undertone ; with a moderate or re- 
strained tone of voice. 

sou (soo), n. [pi. soos (so5z)], an 
old French copper coin =■ one cent. 

soubrette (-bret'), n. a female ser- 
vant or attendant; in comedies, a 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



sen 



745 



spa 



lady's maid who acts the part of an 
intriguing female. 

souchet (-sha'), n. fish served up in 
the water in which it has been 
boiled. 

songli (sou, or suf ), n. a hollow mur- 
mur or whistling, as of the wind : 
v.i. to murmur or whistle. 

songIit,_ p.t. & p.p. of seek. 

soul (sol), n. the spiritual, rational, 
and immortal part in man ; reason 
or intellect ; conscience ; life ; es- 
sence ; moving or inspiring power ; 
courage; human being. 

soulful ('fool), adj. full of soul or 
feeling. 

soulless ('les), adj. without a soul; 
senseless ; spiritless ; dull ; mean. 

sound (sound), adj. whole; entire; 
unbroken ; healthy ; not decayed ; 
founded on truth or right ; ortho- 
dox ; solvent ; firm ; safe ; strong ; 
legal ; valid ; laid on with force : n. 
the impression made on the ear by 
the vibrations of the air ; noise ; re- 
port ; noise without signification ; a 
strait or narrow passage of water ; 
swimming bladder of a fish ; the 
cuttlefish : v.t. to measure or ascer- 
tain the depth of ; cause to make a 
noise ; utter audibly ; play upon ; ex- 
amine or try ; probe : v.i. to make 
a noise or sound ; play upon an in- 
strument ; be spread or published. 

sounding ('ing), n. the ascertaining 
the depth of water : adj. causing 
sound ; resonant. 

soup (soop), n. a kind of broth. 

sour (sour), adj. having an acid, 
sharp, or astringent taste; changed 
so as to become rancid ; disagreea- 
ble ; cross ; morose : v.t. to cause to 
become sour : v.i. become morose, 
peevish, or discontented ; to turn 
from sweet to sour. 

sour-crout, same as sauerkraut. 

source (sors), n. that from which 
anything arises or originates ; spring 
or fountain ; first cause ; original. 

sourish (sour'ish), adj. somewhat 
sour. 

souse (sous), n. pickle made with 
salt; anything steeped or preserved 
in pickle ; a plunging in water : v.t. 
to steep in pickle ; plunge into 
water ; strike with sudden violence : 



v.i. to make a sudden attack; mdv^ 
with sudden violence. 

south (south), n. that one of the 
four cardinal points of the compass 
directly opposite the north : adv. to- 
ward the south : v.i. to tur-n or 
move toward the south ; come to the 
meridian : adj. pertaining to the 
south. 

South, n. the southern portion of the 
United States (with the). 

southern (suf/t'ern), adj. pertaining 
to, situated in, or proceeding from 
or towards the south. 

Southerner (-er), n. a native of the 
South. 

southernwood ('ern-wood), n. a 
species of wormwood. 

Southron ('run), n. a Southerner. 

souvenir (soo-ve-ner'), n. a memento 
or keepsake. 

sovereign (sov' or suv'er-in), adj. 
royal ; supreme in power ; possess- 
ing supreme dominion ; effectual : n. 
a king, emperor, or queen ; a British 
gold coin = 20s. 

sovereignty (-ti), n. supreme power 
or dominion. 

sow (sou), n. a female pig; oblong 
piece of metal. 

sow (so), v.t. ip.t. sowed, p.p. sown, 
p.pr. sowing], to scatter, as seed 
upon the earth ; propagate ; dissemi- 
nate ; scatter on or over : v.i. to scat- 
ter seed for growth. 

soy (soi), n. a kind of fish sauce. 

spa (spa), n. a spring of mineral 
water. 

space (spas), n. extension; room; 
interval between lines ; quantity of 
time ; short interval : v.t. in print- 
ing, to make intervals between (lines 
or words) by separating them with 
thin pieces of type-metal. 

spacial (spa'shal), adj. pertaining to 
space. Also spatial. 

spacious ('shus), adj. extending far 
and wide ; roomy ; vast in extent. 

spade (spad), n. an implement for 
• digging, &c., consisting of a broad 
blade of iron with a handle; one of 
a suit of cards having one or more 
figures resembling a spade ; a hart 
three years old : v.t. to dig or work 
with a spade. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, th^n. 



spa 



746 



spa 



spadeful ('fool), n. as much as a 

spade will hold. 

spalpeen (spal'pen), n, sl scamp 
[Irish]. 

span (span), n, the space from the 
thumb to the end of the little finger 
when extended ; nine inches ; a 
short space of time ; spread or ex- 
tent of an arch, &c., between its 
abutments or supports : yoke ^ of 
oxen or horses ; pair of horses sim- 
ilar in color harnessed together : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. spanned, p.pr. span- 
ning], to measure by the span of 
the hand ; reach from one side to 
the other ; fetter or hobble : v.i. to 
be matched for running in harness. 

spangle (spang'gl), n. a small plate 
or boss of shining metal ; any glit- 
tering ornament, especially for a 
dress : v.t. to set or adorn with, or 
as with, spangles. 

Spaniard (span'yerd), n. a native of 
Spain. 

spaniel ('yel), n. a variety of dog. 

Spanish, ('ish), adj. pertaining to 
Spain, its language, or to its in- 
habitants. 

Spanish-fly (-fli), n. cantharides. 

Spanish-main (-man), n. the name 
formerly applied to the southern 
part of the Caribbean sea, and ad- 
jacent coast. 

spank (spangk), v.t. to strike with 
the open hand ; slap : v.i. to move 
quickly : n. a sounding slap. 

spanker ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, spanks; the after-sail of a 
ship or barque. 

spanking ('ing), adj. moving with 
a quick, lively step ; dashing ; stout ; 
large. 

spanner (span'er), n. a wrench for 
tightening up or loosening the nuts 
on screws. 

spar (spar), n. a lustrous crystalline 
mineral ; a general name for a mast, 
yard, boom, &c. ; a contest at box- 
ing, or in words : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
sparred, p.pr. sparring], to box; 
contest in words. 

spare (spar), v.t. to use in a frugal 
manner; part with without incon- 
venience; omit; treat tenderly: v.i. 
to live frugally ; forbear or forgive : 



adj. thin or lean ; scanty ; parsi- 
monious ; superfluous ; reserved. 

sparing ('ing), adj. frugal; abste- 
mious. 

spark (spark), n. a small particle 
of fire or ignited substance thrown 
off in combustion ; small shining 
body or transient light ; small por- 
tion of anything active or vivid ; gay 
young fellow ; beau. 

sparkle ('1), v.i. to emit sparks; 
glisten ; scintillate ; flash ; coruscate. 

sparkling ('ling), adj. emitting 
sparks ; glittering ; flashing ; lively ; 
brilliant. 

sparling (spar'ling), n. a smelt. 

sparrow (spar'6), n. a well-known 
small bird of the passerine family. 

sparse (spars), adj. thinly scattered; 
not dense ; set or planted here and 
there. 

sparsely ('11), adv, in a sparse man- 
ner. 

sparseness ('nes), n. the state or 
quality of being sparse; thinness. 

Spartan (spar'tan), adj. pertaining 
to Sparta ; hardy ; undaunted ; se- 
vere. 

sparterie ('ter-i), n. articles spun 
or woven of esparto grass. 

spasm (spazm), n. a sudden, violent, 
involuntary contraction of the mus- 
cles. 

spasmodic (spaz-mod'ik), adj. per- 
taining to, or consisting in, spasms; 
convulsive; violent but short-lived. 
Also spasmodical. 

spasmodically (-al-i), adv. in a 
spasmodic manner. 

spat (spat), n. the spawn of shell- 
fish, especially the oyster : pi. spat- 
terdashes. 

spate (spat), n. a sudden heavy flood 
caused by heavy rains. 

spatial, same as spacial. 

spatter (spat'er), v.t. to sprinkle 
with a liquid ; defame : v.i. to under- 
go or cause scattering or splashing 
in drops or small quantities: n. a 
small splash. 

spatterdashes (-dash-ez), w.pL leath- 
er leggings for riding; gaiters. 

spatula (spat'ii-la), n. a broad, flat, 
thin, flexible knife for spreading 
plasters, paints, &c. 



ate, arm, isk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrtb, not; booD^ 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



spa 



747 



spatulate ('ti-lat), adj. spatula- 
shaped. 

spavin (spav'in), n. a disease of 
horses, characterized by a swelling 
in the hock joint, causing lameness. 

spai^n (spawn), n. the ova of fishes, 
oysters, &c. ; mycelium of fungi ; 
offspring or product : v.i. to produce 
and deposit spawn; deposit eggs, as 
fish, &c. 

epawner ('er), n. a female fish. 

Speak (spek), v.i. [p.t. spoke, p.p. 
spoken, p.pr. speaking], to utter 
articulate sounds : said of human 
beings ; talk ; say ; utter a discourse 
or speech ; make mention ; convey 
ideas ; tell ; sound : v.t. to utter ar- 
ticulately; declare or pronounce; 
publish. 

fipeaker ('er), n. one who speaks; 
one who delivers a discourse in pub- 
lic ; the presiding ofllcer of the popu- 
lar branch of a legislative body, as 
of congress or a state legislature. 

speaking ('ing), p. adj. uttering 
speech ; life-like : n. the act of utter- 
ing words. 

spear (sper), n. a long-pointed 
weapon of war and the chase used 
. for thrusting or throwing ; a lance 
with barbed prongs for spearing 
£sh ; a shoot, as of grass : v.t. to 
pierce, or kill, with a spear : v.i. to 
shoot into a long stem. 

spear-grass ('gras), n. long stiff 
grass, especially of the genus Poa. 

spearwort ('wert), n. a species of 
ranunculus. 

spec., alihr, for speculation. 

special (spesh'al), adj. pertaining to, 
or constituting, a species; designed 
for a particular purpose ; different 
from others ; distinctive ; uncom- 
mon; appropriate; limited in range 
or extent ; specific. 

specialism, (-izm), n. devotion to a 
particular and restricted branch of 
knowledge, science, &c. 

specialist (-ist), n. one who devotes 
himself to a particular branch of a 
profession, &c. 

speciality (-i-al'i-ti), u. \_pl. spe- 
cialities (-tiz)], the special or dis- 
tinctive mark of a person or thing ; 
special department, &c. 

specialization ('al-i-za'shun), n. ap- 



plication to a special function or 
use ; act of specializing. 

specialize ('al-iz), v.t. to particu- 
larize ; assign to a specific use or 
function. 

specially ('al-i), adv. in a special 
manner; particularly. 

specialty ('al-ti), n. that for which 
a person is noted or distinguished 
special contract or obligation. 

specie (spe'shi), n. coined money. 

species ('shez), n. a group of indi 
viduals agreeing in common attri 
butes and called by a common 
name; a sub-division of a genus 
kind ; sort. 

specific (-sif'ik), adj. pertaining to 
a species ; definite or particular 
precise : n. a remedy for a particu- 
lar disease. 

specifically (-al-li). adv, in a spe- 
cific manner. 

specification (spes-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
the act of specifying ; detailed 
statement of particulars. 

specify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. speci- 
fied, p.pr. specifying], to mention 
or name particularly ; designate 
verbally, so as to distinguish from 
other things. 

specimen ('i-men), n. a sample; a 
part of something to show the qual- 
ity, &c., of the whole. 

specious (spe'shus), adj. appearing 
well at first sight ; plausible ; osten- 
sible; fair. 

speck (spek), n. a spot; flaw; blem- 
ish ; small particle ; blubber : v.t, 
to spot. 

speckle ('1), n. a small spot in any- 
thing different in substance or color 
from the thing itself; v.t. to varie- 
gate with spots of a different color 
to that of the thing itself. 

spectacle ('ta-kl), n. something ex- 
hibited to view, especially some- 
thing unusual or worthy of notice ; 
pageant ; exhibition : pi. an optical 
instrument with two lenses mount- 
ed in a frame to assist the vision. 

spectacular (-tak'u-lar), adj. per- 
taining to shows or exhibitions; 
adapted to excite wonder or admira- 
tion by scenic effect. 

spectator (-ta'ter), n. a beholder. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



spe 



748 



spe 



specter, spectre (spek'tr), n, a 
ghost or apparition. 

spectral ('tral), adj. ghostly; per- 
taining to, or produced by, the spec- 
trum. 

spectrology (-troro-ji), n. the sci- 
ence of spectrum analysis. 

spectroscope ('tro-skop), n. an opti- 
cal instrument for forming and ex- 
amining spectra. 

spectroscopical (-skop'i-kal), adj. 
pertaining to the spectroscope. Also 
spectroscopic. 

spectroscopically (-li), adv. by 
means of the spectroscope. 

spectroscopist ('tro-sko-pist), n. one 
skilled in spectroscopy. 

spectroscopy (-sko-pi) , w. that branch 
of science connected with the use of 
the spectroscope and spectrum an- 
alysis. 

spectrum ('trum), n. [pi. spectra 
( 'tra ) ] , the colored and other rays 
of light separated by refraction 
through a prism and exhibited on a 
screen, &c. 

spectrum analysis (a-nal'i-sis), n. 
the determination of the chemical 
or physical composition of a body 
by means of the spectrum of light 
which it gives forth or which passes 
through it : each substance in the 
spectrum having its own particular 
system of lines. 

specular ('u-lar), adj. having a 
smooth reflecting surface, as a mir- 
ror or speculum. 

speculate ('ti-lat), v.i. to consider 
or meditate upon ; purchase stock, 
land, goods, &c., out of the usual 
order of trade with a view to sell 
them at an enhanced profit by an 
expected rise in the market. 

speculation (-la'shun), n. intellec- 
tual examination ; theory ; purchase 
of stock, goods, &c., out of the regu- 
lar order of trade for future sale 
at an enhanced price; game at 
cards. 

speculative ('u-la-tiv), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or given to, speculation ; con- 
templative ; theoretical ; risky. 

speculator (-ter), n» one who en- 
gages in speculation. 

speculum ('u-lum), n. [pi. specula 
(-la)], a mirror, especially a con- 



cave mirror used as a reflector; a 
surgical instrument for dilating cer- 
tain passages of the body and throw- 
ing light by reflection within them 
for examination, &c. 

sped, p.t. Scp.p. of speed. 

speech (spech), n. the faculty of ut- 
tering articulate sounds or words ; 
expression of thought in words ; act 
of speaking; particular language or 
dialect ; formal discourse in public ; 
oration. 

speed (sped), n. velocity; swiftness; 
quickness ; success : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
sped, p.pr. speeding], to make haste; 
move quickly; tscre: v.t. to prosper; 
favor; despatch quickly; execute; 
aid. 

speedometer (-om'e-ter), n. a re- 
cording instrument showing the ve- 
locity of a moving vehicle. 

speedy ('i), adj. [comp. speedier, 
superl. speediest] not dilatory or 
slow ; prompt ; quick ; hasty. 

spell (spel), n\ a charm or incanta- 
tion ; time during which a person 
works ; duration : v.i. to form words 
with the proper letters, either orally 
or in writing: -?;./. to write, repeat, 
or point out the proper letters of; 
read with difiiculty (with out). 

speller ('er), qi, one who spells; a 
spelling-book. 

spelling; ('ing), p.adj. pertaining to 
spelling: n. orthography. 

spelt (spelt), n. a kind of grain. 

spelter ('er), n. zinc. 

spence (spens), n. a buttery or lar- 
der. 

spencer ('er), n. a kind of short 
jacket; a four-cornered fore-and-aft 
sail. 

Spencerism (-izm), n. the philo- 
sophical system advocated by Her- 
bert Spencer in his works, especial- 
ly the application of the principles 
of evolution. 

spend (spend), v.t, [p.t. & p.p. spent, 
p.pr. spending], to lay out, as 
money ; give for any purpose ; dis- 
pose of ; consume ; drain of force or 
strength : v.i. to incur expense. 

spendthrift ('thrift), adj. prodigal; 
extravagant : n. one who is prodigal 
or lavish in expenditure. 

sperm (sperm), n. the seminal fluid 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, f/ien. 



.U- 




4r^ 






J* ' *: 




Copyright, Underwood & Underwood. 

SPINNING MILL. 
Interior view of a large New England Spninmg Mil 



spe 



749 



spi 



of animals ; spermaceti ; spawn of 
frogs and ^fishes. 

Bpermaceti (-sper-ma-se'ti), n. a 
white waxy substance obtained from 
the head of the sperm-whale. 

spermatic (-mat'ik), adj. pertaining 
to semen. ^Also spermatical. 

sperxuatozoon. (-ma-to-zo'on), n. the 
germ cell in animals and plants. 

spermoderm. ('mo-derm), n. the 
outer coat or testa of a seed. 

spew (spti), vA. to vomit. 

sphenoid (sfe'noid), adj. wedge- 
shaped. 

spliere (sfer), n. a globe or globular 
body ; the concave or expanse of the 
heavens ; circuit or range of knowl- 
edge, influence, action, &c. ; place 
of existence ; social position ; a solid 
body contained under a single sur- 
face, each point of which is equi- 
distant from a central point. 

spherical ( sf er'i-kal ) , adj. globular. 

spherically (-i), adv. in the form 
of a sphere. 

sphericity ( sf e-ris'i-ti ) , n. roundness. 

spherics (sfer'iks), n. spherical ge- 
ometry and trigonometry. 

spherograph ('o-graf), n. an instru- 
ment for the practical application 
of spherics to navigation. 

spheroid (sfe'roid), n. a body resem- 
bling a sphere but not quite round. 

spheroidal ( 'S.1 ) , adj. like a spheroid. 

spherometer (-rom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring the curva- 
ture of round surfaces, and the 
thickness of small bodies. 

spherule (sfer'til), n. a little sphere. 

sphincter (sfingk'ter), n. a muscle 
that closes an orifice which it sur- 
rounds. 

sphinx (sfingks), n. [pi. sphinxes 
('ez)], a fabled monster having the 

I head ot a woman and the body of 

I a lioness ; a person of enigmatical 

] character or policy, from the custom 
of the sphinx of proposing riddles 
to travelers and destroying those 
who could not solve the enigmas. 

spicate (spi'kat), adj. having, or ar- 
ranged in the form of, a spike or 
ear. Also spicated. 

spice (spis), n. any aromatic and 
pungent vegetable used for season- 
ing food; relish; small quantity 



giving flavor to a greater : v.t. to 
season or flavor with, or as with, 
spice ; tincture. 

spicily ('i-li), adv. in a spicy man- 
ner. 

spiciness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being spicy. 

spick and span (spik and span), 
adj. new. 

spicular (spik'u-lar), adj. dart-like. 

spiculate ('u-lat), adj. covered with, 
or having, spicules. 

spicule ('til), n. a slender sharp- 
pointed body. 

spicy (spi'si), adj. [comp. spicier, 
superl. spiciest] flavored with, con- 
taining, or having the qualities of, 
spice; aromatic; fragrant; pun- 
gent ; racy. 

spider ('der), n. any individual of 
the genus Arachnida that spins webs 
to ensnare its prey; something like 
a spider. 

spigot (spig'ot), n. a pointed piece 
of wood used to stop the vent-hole 
of a cask or pipe of a faucet. 

spike (splk), n. a large kind of nail; 
anything like a spike ; ear of grain : 
v.t. to fasten with spikes ; stop the 
vent of (a cannon) by driving a 
spike into it. 

spikelet ('let), n. a small spike. 

spikenard ('n'ard), n. an aromatic 
plant from which an oil, the ancient 
nardos, is extracted. 

spiky ('!), adj. spike-like; set with 
spikes. 

spill (spil), 11. a thin strip of paper 
or wood for lighting a lamp, &c. ; a 
tumble or overthrow: v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. spilled, spilt, p.pr. spilling], to 
suffer to run or fall out of a vessel : 
v.i. to fall out. 

spiller ('er), n. one who spills; a 
kind of fishing-line. 

spillikin (spil'i-kin), n. a small peg 
of wood, &c., used for making scores 
in a game : pi. a game played with 
spillikins. 

spin (spin), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. spun, 
p.pr. spinning], to draw out and 
twist into threads ; protract ; draw 
out tediously ; cause to whirl rapid- 
ly ; form by drawing out and twist- 
ing the materials of : v.i. to practice 
spinning ; whirl ; issue in a small 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



spi 



750 



spx 



stream ; move swiftly, as a bicycle : 
n. the act of spinning; single ef- 
fort ; a bicycle run. 

spinach, ('aj), n, an esculent vegeta- 
ble. 

spinal (spin'al), adj, pertaining to 
the spine. 

spindle (spin'dl), n. the long thin 
rod used in spinning wheels for 
twisting the thread; any axis of 
revolution. 

spine (spin), n. in vertebrates, the 
backbone. 

spinel (spin'el), n. a mineral of va- 

, rious colors, allied to corundum. 

spinet (spin'et), n. a keyed instru- 
ment, allied to the harpsichord, but 
smaller. 

spiniferons (spi-nif'er-us), adj, 
thorny. Also spinose, spinous. 

spink (spingk), n. a kind of finch. 

spinneret (spin'er-et), n. an organ 
* with which certain insects form 
their webs or silk. 

spinning jenny ( 'ing-jen-i ) , n. a 
machine for spinning cotton. 

spinster (spin'ster), n. an unmar- 
ried woman. 

spiny (spin'i), adj. full of spines. 

spiracle (spir'a-kl), n, any minute 
passage which serves for inhaling 
or exhaling air or other fluid. 

spiral (spi'ral), adj. winding around 
a center like the thread of a screw ; 
tapering or pointed like a spire : n. 
a curve or curved line receding con- 
tinually from the center about 
which it revolves. 

spirally (-i), adv. in a spiral form. 

spirant ('rant), n. a name applied 
to those consonants in which the 
breath is not entirely stopped in 
articulating. 

spire (splr), n. a slender stalk or 
blade; a tapering body; winding 
line ; steeple ; top : v.i. to shoot 
forth or up like a spire. 

spirit (spir'it), n. the soul; the in- 
telligent, immaterial, immortal part 
of man ; life ; disembodied soul ; ap- 
parition ; courage ; energy ; vivaci- 
ty ; power of mind, moral and intel- 
lectual ; genius ; real meaning ; es- 
sence; any liquid produced by dis- 
tillation ; alcohol : pi. intoxicants, as 
brandy, &c.. ; liveliness ; natural vi- 



vacity: v.t. to take away suddenly 
or secretly. 

Spirit, n. the third person of the 
Holy Trinity (with the). 

spirited (-ed), adj. full of spirit or 
life ; animated ; vivacious ; lively. 

spiritless ('les), adj. without spirit; 
depressed ; dejected. 

spirit-rapping (-rap'ing), n. a 
spiritualistic manifestation, charac- 
terized by rapping, table-turning, 
&c. 

spiritual (spir'it-ti-al), adj. incor- 
poreal ; not material ; possessing 
the nature or qualities of a spirit ; 
mental or intellectual ; pure ; holy ; 
heavenly-minded ; not lay or tem- 
poral ; ecclesiastical. 

spiritualism (-izm), n. the state of 
being spiritual ; the philosophical 
doctrine that nothing is real except 
soul or spirit ; the belief that cer- 
tain alleged phenomena, as rapping, 
table-turning, trances, &c., are 
caused by the presence of departed 
spirits who thus manifest their 
presence ; the tenets and practices 
of spiritualists. 

spiritualist (-ist), n. a believer in 
spiritualism. 

spiritualistic (-is'tik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, produced by, or characteris- 
tic of, spiritualism. 

spirituality (-al'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being spiritual ; spir- 
itual nature ; essence as distin- 
guished from matter; that which 
belongs to the church or religion. 

spiritualization (-i-za'shun), n. 
the act of spiritualizing. 

spiritualize (-Iz), v.t. to free from 
sensuality ; make spiritual ; give a 
spiritual meaning to. 

spiritually ('u-al-li), adv. in a spir- 
itual manner ; like a spirit. 

spirituelle (-u-el'), adj. refined; 
ethereal ; pure. 

spirituous (spir'it-u-us), adj. hav- 
ing the quality of spirit ; pure ; im- 
material ; alcoholic ; ardent. 

spirograpli (spi'r5-graf), n. an in 
strument for recording graphically 
respiratory movements. 

spirometer (-rom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring the capacity 
of the lungs. 



ate, arm. 



c, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, tJi^n. 



8pi 



751 



spo 



Bpit (spit), n. a long pointed rod on 
which meat is roasted ; small point 
of land or a long narrow shoal run- 
ning into the sea : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
spitted, p.pr. spitting], to thrust a 
spit through ; impale : [p.t. spit or 
spat], eject or throw out: v.i. eject 
saliva from the mouth ; drizzle, as 
rain. 

spite (spit), n. ill-will or hatred to- 
ward another, with the desire to 
thwart or injure; petty malice; 
grudge: v.t. to try to injure or 
thwart; annoy. 

spiteful ('fool), adj. full of spite; 
malicious ; malignant. 

spitefully (-i), adv. in a spiteful 
manner. 

spitfire (spit'fir), n. a very violent 
or passionate person. 

spittle ('1), n. saliva; sputum. 

spitz-dog (spitz'dog), n. a small va- 
riety of Pomeranian dog. 

splash (splash), v.t. to spatter with 
water, mud, &c. : v.i. to dash water 
about : n. water or slush thrown 
iipon anything; a noise as from 
water thrown up, or by anything 
striking in or upon a liquid. 

splatter (splat'er), v.t. to splash. 

splatterdash (-dash), n. uproar; 
noise : pi. same as spatterdashes. 

splay (spla), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. splayed, 
P4)r. splaying], to dislocate, as the 
shoulder bone of a horse ; slope or 
slant : n. a, sloped surface : adj. 
turned -or spreading outwards. 

spleen (splen), n. a soft vascular or- 
gan near the large extremity of the 
stomach, supposed by the ancients 
to be the seat of anger, melancholy, 
or vexation : hence a fit of ill-hu- 
mor, melancholy, or latent spite. 

spleget (splej'et), n. a wet cloth for 
washing a wound. 

splendent (splen'dent), adj. bril- 
liant ; illustrious ; shining ; very 
conspicuous. 

splendid ('did), adj. magnificent; 
very bright ; brilliant ; famous ; he- 
roic ; celebrated ; sumptuous. 

splendor ('der), n. the appearance 
of anything splendid ; magnificence ; 
pomp. 

splenetic (sple-net'ik), adj. fretful; 
peevish ; melancholy. 



splenic (splen'ik), adj. pertaining to 
the spleen. 

splice (splis), v.t. to unite, as two 
ropes, by interweaving the strands; 
connect, as pieces of wood or metal, 
by overlapping parts and making 
them fast together ; to unite in mar- 
riage : n. the union of ropes, &c., by 
interweaving or joining. 

splint (splint), n. a splinter; a thin 
piece of wood to keep a broken 
bone, &c., in position ; a hard ex- 
crescence on the shank-bone of a 
horse. 

splint-coal ('kol), n. a variety of 
coal with a slaty structure. 

splinter (splin'ter), n. a thin piece 
of wood, &c., split or rent off length- 
wise ; fragment : v.t. to split or rend 
into long thin pieces ; shiver : v.i. to 
be rent into splinters. 

splintery (-1), adj. of, or like, splin- 
ters. 

split (split), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. split, 
p.pr. splitting], to divide length- 
wise; tear asunder violently; 
cleave ; rupture ; disunite : v.i. burst 
with laughter (figuratively) ; be- 
tray confidence ; throb or ache vio- 
lently. 

splotch (sploch), n. a stain; daub. 

splurge (splerj), n. a great display. 

splutter (splut'er), v.i. to speak 
hastily and confusedly ; scatter ink 
upon a paper, as with a bad pen: 
n. a confused noise ; stir ; commo- 
tion. 

spoffish (spof'ish), adj. bustling 
about trifling matters. 

spoil (spoil), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. spoiled, 
spoilt, p.pr. spoiling], to take away 
by force ; plunder ; corrupt ; vitiate ; 
ruin ; destroy : v.i. to become use- 
less ; decay : n. that which is taken 
from another by violence; pillage; 
plunder ; booty. 

spoke (spok), n. one of the bars of a 
wheel connecting the nave or center 
with the felly or rim ; round of a 
ladder : v.t. to furnish with spokes : 
p.t. of speak. 

spoken ('n), adj. uttered in speech; 
oral ; speaking : p.p. of speak. 

spokeskave ('shav), n. a. kind of 
double-handled plane for dressing 
curved work. 



ate, arm, fisk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boont 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



spo 



752 



spo 



spoliation (spo-li-a'shnn), n. the act 
of plundering or robbery, especially 
in time of war; injury done to a 
document. 

spondaic (spon-da'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to a spondee. 

spondee ('de), n. a poetic foot of 
two long syllables ( — — ). 

spondyl ('dil), n. a vertebra. 

sponge (spunj), n. the porous, elas- 
tic, fibrous framework of any spe- 
cies of Spongida ; any substance re- 
sembling sponge ', a mop for cleans- 
ing a gun after its discharge ; point 
of a horseshoe ; parasite : 'V.i. to 
suck in like a sponge ; live upon 
others : v.t. cleanse or wipe with a 
sponge ; obtain by mean arts with- 
out cost. 

sponginess (spun'ji-nes), n. the 
state or quality of being spongy. 

spongious (spon'ji-us), adj. sponge- 
like. 

spongy (spun'ji), adj. flexible and 
full of small cavities ; like a sponge ; 
having the quality of imbibing fluids ; 
wet and soft ; rainy. 

sponsion (spon'shun), n. the act of 
becoming surety for another ; an 
engagement on behalf of a state 
pending ratification. 

sponson ('sun), n. the triangular 
space before and abaft the paddle- 
boxes of a steamboat ; one of the 
armored projections with gun ports 
of a warship. 

sponsor ('ser), n. a surety; a god- 
father or godmother. 

sponsorial (-so'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to a sponsor. 

sponsorship ('ship), n. state or po- 
sition of being a sponsor. 

spontaneity (-ta-ne'i-ti), n. the 
quality of being spontaneous ; tend- 
ency in animal and vegetable organ- 
isms to undergo changes irrespective 
of environment. 

spontaneous (-ta'ne-us), adj. pro- 
ceeding from natural disposition or 
impulses ; acting by internal im- 
pulse or natural law. 

spook (spook), n. a ghost. 

spool (spool), n. a hollow cylinder 
surrounded with a ridge at each end 
on which thread, &c., are wound : 
v.t. to wind on a spool. 



spoon (spoon), n. a small domestic 
implement consisting of a hollow 
bowl and handle for dipping in 
liquids and conveying them to the 
mouth, i&c. ; a simpleton ; a club 
used in golf : v.t. to take up in, or 
as in, a spoon : v.i. to act the part 
of a demonstrative lover. 

spoonbill ('bil), n. a wading bird 
of the heron family with a spoon- 
like bill. 

spoonful ('fool), n. [pi. spoonfuls 
('foolz)], as much as a spoon will 
hold ; small quantity. 

spoonily ('i-li), adv. in a spoony 
manner. 

spoony ('i), n. a simpleton: adj. 
weak-minded ; demonstratively fond. 

spoor (spoor), n. the track or trail 
of any wild animal. 

sporades (spor'a-dez), n.pl, stars not 
included in any constellation. 

sporadic (spo-rad'ik), adj. occurring 
separately or apart from others of 
the same kind ; single. Also spo- 
radical. 

sporadically (-al-li), adv. in a spo- 
radic manner. 

sporadic disease (diz-ez'), n. a dis- 
ease, usually epidemic, attacking 
only a few in a particular district 
and not spreading. 

spore (spor), fi. a minute grain in 
cryptogamous plants which performs 
the function of a seed ; a minute 
ovoid body in certain organisms 
which gives rise to new organ- 
isms by germination. 

sporran (spor'an), n. the furry 
pouch worn in Highland costume in 
front of the kilt. 

sport (sport), n. diversion; jest; 
mirth ; mockery ; play ; outdoor rec- 
reation, as hunting, shooting, &c, ; 
athletics and games of skill for 
which prizes are given or money 
staked ; an animal or plant which 
deviates in its organism from the 
normal condition : v.i. to play or 
frolic ; trifle ; practice field diver- 
sions : v.t, to divert ; exhibit or wear 
in public. 

sportful ('fool), adj. full ot sport; 
indulging in mirth or play; merry; 
frolicsome. 

sporting ('ing)", p. ad jo pertaining to. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, thQu. 



spe 



753 



spr 



characteristic of, or engaging in, 
sport or sports. 

sporting man (man), n. \_pl. sport- 
ing men] , a fast man ; gambler ; a 
sportsman. 

sportive ('iv), adj. frolicsome; mer- 
ry. 

sportively (-li), adv. in a sportive 
manner. 

sportiveness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being sportive; disposi- 
tion to mirth. 

sportsman (sports'man), n. [pi. 
sportsmen ('men)], one v^ho pur- 
sues the sports of the field, as hunt- 
ing, &c. Fem. sportswoman. 

sportsmanship (-ship), n. skill or 
practice in field sports. 

sporule (spor'ul), n. a granule vs^ith 
a spore. 

spot (spot), n. SL blot or mark; dis- 
colored place or stain ; blemish ; dis- 
grace or reproach ; locality ; place ; 
small part of a different color ; dark 
place on a luminous disc, as of the 
sun or a planet ; mark on a billiard 
table where the red ball is placed ; 
spot-stroke : v.t. \p.t. & p.p. spotted, 
p.pr. spotting], to mark with spots; 
discolor ; stain ; disgrace or blemish ; 
mark or note so as to recognize ; de- 
tect. 

spot liglit ('lit), n. an adjustable 
calcium light for throwing a shift- 
ing light on a stage, so as to keep 
a player within its rays. 

spot-stroke ('strok), n. a particular 
stroke off the red ball when on the 
spot. 

spotter ('er), n. a detective. 

spottiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being spotted. 

spotty ('i), adj. marked with, or full 
of, spots. 

spousals (spou'zals), n.pl. marriage; 
nuptials. 

spouse (spouz), n. a married person. 

spout (spout), n. the projecting 
mouth of a vessel ; pipe for conduct- 
ing a liquid ; lift or shoot : v.t. to 
throw out forcibly and abundantly, 
as from a pipe ; pawn : v.i. issue 
with violence, as from a pipe. 

sprag (sprag), n. a young salmon or 
cod. 

sprain (spran), n. an excessive strain 



of the muscles or ligaments of a 
joint without dislocation : v.t. to 
overstrain (the muscles or ligaments 
of a joint) without dislocation. 

sprang, p.t. of spring. 

sprat (sprat), n. a small fish. 

sprawl (sprawl), v.i. to stretch the 
body carelessly when in a horizontal 
position ; lie ; stretch or toss out the 
limbs or move awkwardly ; open ir- 
regularly, as cavalry ; spread in an 
iregular manner, as a plant. 

spray (spra), n. a small shoot or 
branch of a tree, or a collection of 
them ; small particles of water driv- 
en or dashed in the air ; jet of fine 
medicated water, perfume, &c. : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. sprayed, p.pr. spraying], 
to throw spray upon. 

spread (spred), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
spread, p.pr. spreading], to extend in 
all directions ; propagate ; unfurl ; 
open ; emit ; scatter ; set or furnish 
with provisions : v.i. to be extended 
or propagated : n. extent ; table fur- 
nished with provisions ; feast. 

spread-eagle ('e-gl), adj. defiantlj; 
bombastic : n. the figure of an eagle 
with its wings elevated and its legs 
extended : the heraldic emblem of 
the United States. 

spree (spre), n. a merry frolic; ca- 
rousal. 

sprig (sprig), n. a small twig or 
shoot ; scion ; headless brad or nail ; 
ornament in the form of a spray : 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sprigged, p.pr. sprig- 
ging], to work or adorn with sprigs; 
drive brads into. 

spright (sprit), n. a sprite. 

sprightliness ('li-nes), n. vivacity. 

sprightly ('li), adj. [comp. spright- 
lier, superl. sprightliest], vivacious; 
brisk ; animated ; airy ; gay : adv. 
with vivacity. 

spring (spring), v.i. [p.t. sprang, 
p.p. sprung, p.pr. springing], to 
arise ; originate ; appear ; shoot up ; 
leap ; bound ; dart ; start or rise up 
suddenly ; fly back ; issue or pro- 
ceed ; warp : v.t. to start or rouse ; 
cause to spring up ; explode ; crack ; 
strain ; cause to close suddenly ; leap 
over ; cause to open : n. sl leap or 
bound ; an elastic body used for va- 
rious mechanical purposes ; a flying 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nCrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



spr 



754 



sav 



back with elastic force; source; a 
fountain of water ; one of the four 
seasons of the year when plants be- 
gin to grow ; crack in a mast, &c. 

Springbok ('bok), n. the South Af- 
rican gazelle. 

springe (sprinj), n. a gin or noose. 

springiness (spring'i-nes), n. elas- 
ticity; sponginess. 

springing ('ing), n. the act or pro- 
cess of leaping ; growth, the point at 
which an arch unites with its sup- 
port. 

springtide ('tid), n. the tide which 
happens at or near the new and full 
moon ; springtime. 

springy ('i), adj. elastic; light; 
spongy. 

sprinkle (spring'kl), v.t. to scatter 
in small drops ; baptize with a few 
drops of water ; cleanse or purify : 
v.i. to rain in small drops : n. a 
sprinkling. 

sprinkling (spring'kling), adj. scat- 
tering in small drops : n. a small 
quantity distributed in small drops ; 

„ a small quantity distributed or scat- 
tered, as of people, &c. 

sprint (sprint), n. a run for a short 
distance at full speed : v.i. to run at 
full speed. 

sprit (sprit), v.i. to bud or sprout: n. 
a sprout or shoot ; a small spar 
which raises diagonally the peak of 
the sail of a boat. 

sprout (sprout), v.i. to germinate; 
shoot, as the seed of a plant : n. a 
shoot; bud_:j)Z. Brussels sprouts. 

spruce (sproos), n. a fir tree of the 
genus Picea ; wood of the spruce 
tree ; a fermented beverage made 
from spruce leaves, &c. : adj. smart ; 
trim ; neat ; dandified : v.t. to dress 
with affected neatness. 

sprucely ('li), adv. in an spruce 
manner. 

spruceness ('nes), n. the state or 
quality of being spruce. 

sprung, pd. & p.p. of spring. 

spry (spri)_, adj. nimble; sharp. 

spume (spum), n. froth; foam: v.i. 
to foam. 

spumy ('i), n. frothy; foamy. 

spun, p.t. & p.p. of spin. 

spunk (spungk), n. touchwood; met- 
tle. 



spunky ('i) , adj. mettlesome ; plucky. 

spur (sper), n. a rowel with sharp 
points worn on the heel of boots for 
inciting a horse ; any incentive to 
action ; largest root of a tree ; some- 
thing projecting ; stiff, sharp spine 
on a cock's leg, &c. : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
spurred, p.pr. spurring], to prick 
with a spur ; incite to action ; 
hasten : v.i. to travel with haste ; 
push on. 

spurious (spU'ri-us), adj. not genu- 
ine ; counterfeit ; illegitimate ; false. 

spurn (spern), v.t. to drive away, as 
with the foot ; reject with contempt ; 
treat with disdain : v.i. to manifest 
contempt in rejecting anything : n. 
disdainful rejection. 

spurrier (spur'i-er), n. a spur maker. 

spurt (spert), v.i. to issue forth sud- 
denly or violently in a stream or 
jet ; make a sudden brief effort : v.t. 
to throw out in a stream or jet : n. 
a sudden or forcible ejection of a 
liquid ; brief, sudden effort. 

sputter (sput'er), v.i. to throw out 
moisture in scattered drops ; speak 
rapidly and indistinctly ; spit : v.t. 
to emit in small particles with a 
crackling or spluttering noise : n. 
moist matter thrown out in small 
drops. 

sputum (spu'tum), n. saliva; spittle. 

spy (spi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. spied, p.pr. 
spying], to discover, especially at a 
distance ; gain sight of ; detect ; ex- 
plore ; examine secretly : v.i. to scru- 
tinize ; play the spy : n. a person 
who in time of war enters the ene- 
my's camp to gain information as to 
its movements, &c. ; one who keeps 
watch on others ; secret agent. 

spy-glass ('glas), n. a small tele- 
scope. 

squab (skwob), n. a person of short, 
fat figure ; kind of sofa ; stuffed 
cushion ; nestling of a pigeon : adj. 
short and fat ; bulky : adv. with a 
heavy fall. 

squab-pie ('pi), n. pigeon-pie. 

squabble ('1), v.i. to wrangle or dis- 
pute in a noisy manner : v.t. to dis- 
arrange : said of type set up : w. a 
noisy wrangle ; dispute. 

squad (skwod), n. a small party of 



&te, arm, Ssk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



sqn 



755 



8q.ll 



soldiers assembled for drill, &c. ; any 
small party. 

squadron ('run), n. a division of a 
regiment of cavalry, comprising two 
troops ; detachment of war vessels 
employed on some particular service. 

squalid (skwol'id), adj. extremely 
dirty ; foul ; poverty-stricken. 

squall (skwawl), n. a sudden and 
violent gust of wind, often accom- 
panied with rain, sleet, &c. ; a loud 
scream : v.i. to scream or cry vio- 
lently. 

squally ('i), adv. gusty. 

squaloid (skwa'loid), adj. shark-like. 

squalor (skwol'er or skwa'lor), n. 
foulness ; dirt. 

squamoid (skwa'moid), adj. scaly. 

squamose ('mos), adj. covered with, 
or like, scales. Also squamous. 

squander (skwon'der), v.t, to spend 
lavishly or wastefuV.;,' ; dissipate : 
vX to be wasteful .,- prodigal. 

square (skwar). r.. a parallelogram 
having 4 equal sides and 4 right an- 
gles ; anything nearly resembling a 
square; an area of 4 sides having 
houses on each side ; square body of 
troops; a mathematical instrument 
for measuring right angles ; product 
of a number multiplied by itself : 
adj. having 4 equal sides and 4 equal 
anglts : forming a right angle ; hav- 
ing a .straight front ; true ; upright ; 
honest ; "lust ; well-set ; stout : v.t. to 
form with 4 equal sides and 4 equal 
angles ; multiply by itself ; reduce to 
a given standard ; adjust ; regulate ; 
make even ; place at right angles 
with the keel : vA. to accord or agree 
(with with) ; fit; assume a hoxing 
attitude (with up). 

squarely ('li), adv. in a square form. 

squareness ('nes), n. the state or 
quality of being square. 

square measure (mezh'er), n. the 
square of a lineal measure. 

square-rigged ('rigd), adj. having 
the sails extended on yards suspend- 
ed horizontally by the middle. 

square-root ('root), n. that number 
or quantity which, multiplied by it- 
self, produces the given number or 
quantity, as 2 is the square root of 4. 

squash (skwosh), v.t. to crush, espe- 
cially into a flat mass or pulp : n. 



something soft and easily crushed; 
something unripe and soft ; unripe 
pea cod ; shock of soft bodies ; sud- 
den fall of a soft body ; a gourd. 

squashiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being squashy. 

squashy ('i), adj. easily crushed; 
soft. 

squat (skwot), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. squat- 
ted, p.pr. squatting], to sit down on 
the hams or heels ; cover or lie close, 
as an animal ; to settle on public 
land ; settle on the land of another 
without a title : adj. sitting on the 
hams and heels ; crouching : n. the 
posture of one who squats; small 
vein of ore. 

squatter ('er), n. one who squats; 
one who settles on new or unculti- 
vated land without a title; in Au- 
stralia and New Zealand, one who 
leases land for pasturing sheep from 
the Gcvsrnment. 

squa-w (skwaw), n. a North ATn?r- 
ican Indian woman or ^^^'J^. 

squaivk (skwawk). ^\t,. i ' v.^mi l 
loud, harsh noise : n. a harsh squewii. 

squeak (skwek), v.i. to utter a short, 
?\i-ill, sharp cry; make a sharp dis- 
agreeable noise ; break silence ; con- 
fess : n. a short, shrill, sharp cry ; a 
sharp disagreeable noise. 

squeal (skwel), v.i. to cry with a 
sharp, shrill, prolonged sound ; to 
turn informer : n. a sharp, shrill, 
prolonged sound. 

squeamish (skwem'ish), adj. sickish 
at stomach; easily disgusted; nice 
to excess in taste ; fastidious about 
trifles ; scrupujous. 

squeegee (skwe'je), n. a hoe-sha^ 
implement with an india-rubber e 
or plate for cleaning pavements, i 

squeezable (skwez'a-bl), adj. capa- 
ble of being squeezed. 

squeeze (skwez), v.t. to press be- 
tween two bodies ; crush ; embrace 
forcibly ; compress ; force by com- 
pression ; cause to pass : v.i. to 
press ; push between close bodies : n. 
the act of squeezing ; compression 
between bodies ; facsimile in some 
soft substance ; a forcible embrace. 

squelch (skwelch), v.t. to crush; si- 
lence : n. a heavy blow. 

squib (skwib), n. a kind of firework; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



sqn 



756 



sta 



petty lampoon; sarcastic publica- 
tion : vA. to use or write squibs or 
sarcastic reflections; contend in 
petty dispute. 

sg.uid (skwid), n. a name for various 
10-armed cephalopods ; cuttlefish. 

aiqtiill (skwil), n. a genus of plants 
allied to the lily, used in medicine. 

squint (skwint), adj. looking ob- 
liquely : said of the eyes : v.i. to see 
or look obliquely ; have the vision 
distorted : v.t. to cause to squint : n. 
the act or habit of looking obliquely. 

squirm ( skwerm ) , , •2;.i. to v/riggle ; 
writhe. 

squirrel (skwer'el), n. a small, agile, 
reddish-brown rodent with a long 
bushy tail. 

squirt (skwert), v.f. to eject in a 
stream from a small orifice ; spurt : 
n. a small stream or jet ; an instru- 
ment for ejecting water, &c. 

stab (stab), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stabbed, 
p.pr. stabbing], to pierce with, or as 
with, a pointed weapon ; kill or 
wound ; injure secretly, or by mali- 
cious falsehood or slander : v.i. to 
pierce ; inflict a wound : n. a thrust 
or wound with a sharp-pointed 
weapon ; a malicious injury done 
secretly. 

stability (sta-bil'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being stable or firm ; firm- 
ness of character ; strength of pur- 
pose or resolution ; fixedness. Also 
stableness. 

Stable ( 'bl ) , adj. fixed ; firm ; con- 
stant : n. a building for lodging 
horses, cows, &c. : v.t. to put or keep 
in a stable : v.i. to dwell or shelter, 
as in a stable. 

Stabling ('bling), n. the aot of put- 
ting into a stable ; accommodation. 

stack (stak), n. a large quantity of 
hay, corn, wood, &c., piled up in cir- 
cular or regular form ; number of 
chimneys standing together : v.t. to 
pile into a stack. 

stadium (sta'di-um), n. [pi. stadia 
(-a)], a Greek linear measure = 
606% ft. ; the course for foot-races 
at the Olympic games : hence a race- 
course. 

staff (staf), n. [pi. staves, staffs 
(stavz, stafs)1, a stick carried for 
support in walking or for defense: 



support ; prop ; pole, handle, or bar ; 
wand as a badge of oflSce ; stanza or 
a series of verses ; the five lines and 
four spaces between them on which 
music is written ; flagstaff ; an es- 
tablishment of officers attached to an 
army -or its commander ; number of 
persons engaged in any undertaking 
or work. 

stag (stag), n. the male of the red 
deer ; male of the ox kind, castrated 
at a certain age ; an outside irregu- 
lar dealer in stocks. 

stag-beetle ('be-tl), n. a beetle hav- 
ing, in the male, mandibles resem- 
bling a stag's horn. 

stage (staj), n. an elevated platform, 
especially in a theater ; place of 
scenic entertainments or representa- 
tions ; the theatrical profession ; 
place of rest on a journey ; field of 
action ; degree of progress ; coach : 
v.t. to put on the stage, as a play. 

stager (sta'jer), n. a horse for draw- 
ing a stage coach ; one who has long 
acted on the stage of life ; a person 
practiced in cunning ; one who is ex- 
perienced ; a player. 

stagger (stag'er), v.i. to totter or 
reel ; begin to doubt, weary or give 
way ; hesitate : v.t. to cause to totter 
or reel ; shock ; make less confident : 
n. a sudden reeling or tottering : pi, 
a disease of horses and cattle; ver- 
tigo. 

staging (staj'ing), n. a temporary 
structure of boards and posts ; busi- 
ness of running and managing stage 
coaches ; style of play production. 

stagnancy (stag'nan-si) , n. the state 
or quality of being stagnant. 

stagnant ('nant), adj. not flowing, 
or running in a stream ; motionless ; 
not brisk ; torpid ; dull. 

stagnate ('nat), v.i. to cease to flow 
or run ; be motionless ; become tor- 
pid, inactive, or dull ; become impure 
or foul. 

stagnation (-na'shun), n. the state 
or quality of being stagnant. 

stagy (sta'ji), adj. characteristic of 
the stage : unreal. 

staid ( stad ) , adj. sober ; sedate ; reg- 
ular ; steady ; not volatile. 

stain (stan), v.t. to blot; spot; tinge 
with color ; dve ; soil with guilt or 



ate, iirm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; r =^te, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; thiiik, then. 



I 




Copyright, Undcrvvood & Underwood. 

STAMP PRINTING MACHINE. 
Prints, gums, dries and perforates 12,000 Postage Stamps in one minute. 



Bta 



7^ 



sta 



infamy ; tarnish ; pollute : v.i. to 
take stains ; become stained : n. dis- 
coloration ; spot of color different 
from the ground ; spot or blot ; taint 
of guilt or infamy ; cause of re- 
proach. 

stair (star), n. one of a series of 
steps for ascending to a higher 
level ; a step : pi. a flight of steps. 

staircase ('kas), n. a set of steps in 
a house with railings, &c. 

staith. (stath), w. an elevated staging 
upon a wharf with a line of rails for 
discharging coals, &c. 

stake (stak), n. a post or strong 
stick sharpened at one end and fixed 
in the ground ; palisade ; post to 
which a person condemned to be 
burnt was secured : hence martyr- 
dom ; that which is pledged, wagered, 
or put to hazard ; prize contested 
for ; small anvil : v.t. to fasten or 
support with stakes ; defend with, or 
mark out the limits of, with stakes ; 
wager or pledge. 

stalactite (stal-ak'tit), n. an icicle- 
like incrustation of carbonate of 
lime, &c., formed by percolation in 
caverns, &c. 

stalagmite (-ag'mit), n. sl cone of 
carbonate of lime, &c., formed on 
the floor of a cavern in a similar 
manner to a stalactite. 

stale (stal), adj. not fresh or new; 
vapid ; tasteless ; worn out by use 
or familiarity ; trite ; common ; de- 
cayed ; past the prime : v.t. to make 
stale ; wear out : v.i. to discharge 
urine : said of horses. 

stalemate ('mat), n. the position of 
a king in chess, when he cannot 
move without being placed in check : 
v.t. to subject to stalemate ; bring to 
a stand. 

staleness ('nes), n. the state or 
quality of being stale. 

stalk (stawk), v.t. to pursue stealth- 
ily and under cover so as to kin. as 
game : v.i. to walk with high and 
proud steps ; walk behind a stalking- 
horse : n. the stem or main axis of a 
plant ; support which attaches a 
flower or fruit to a plant or tree ; 
anything like a stalk ; a high, proud, 
stately step. 

stalking-korse ('ing-h6rs), n. a 



horse, or figure of a horse, behind 
which a hunter conceals himself f roni 
his game ; a mask. 

stall (stawl), n. that part of a stable 
where a horse or ox is kept and fed ; 
a bench or table where goods are ex- 
posed for sale ; small house or shed 
where business is carried on ; seat 
of a church dignitary in the choir of 
a cathedral ; canonry ; reserved seat 
in a theater, &c. : v.t. to place or 
keep in a stall : v.i. to kennel, as 
dogs. 

stallage ('aj), n. rent paid for a 
stall ; right of erecting a stall at a 
fair. 

stallion (stal'yun), w. an uncastrated 
male horse kept for breeding. 

stalwart (stawl'wert), adj. sturdy; 
strong ; tall and stout ; brave ; dar- 
ing. 

stamen (sta'men), n. the male organ 
of a flower. 

stamina (stam'in-a), n.pl. tone and 
vigor of the animal system ; back- 
bone ; power of endurance. 

staxninal ('in-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or consisting in, stamens or stami- 
na ; tonic. 

staminiferous (-if'er-us), adj. bear- 
ing stamei\s. 

stammer (stam'er), v.i. to hesitate 
or falter in speaking, especially from 
an impediment in speech ; stutter : 

' v.t. to utter or pronounce with dif- 
ficulty or hesitation : n. difficulty in 
pronouncing or speaking; stutter. 

stammering (-ing), n. imperfect ut- 
terance in speech : adj. hesitating in 
speech. 

stamp (stamp), v.t. to strike with the 
sole of the foot by thrusting it down- 
wards ; crush or pulverize ; impress ; 
fix deeply ; make valid ; affix a stamp 
to ; coin : v.i. to strike or beat the 
foot forcibly on the ground : n. the 
act of stamping ; die ; the impres- 
sion made ; official mark on dutiable 
things ; small piece of paper having 
a certain device and value impressed 
upon it by government, required le- 
gally to be affixed to a letter, docu- 
ment, &c. ; currency ; character or 
reputation ; authority. 

stampede (stam-ped'), n. a sudden 
panic seizing a herd of animals caus- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, *7ien. 



sta 



758 



sta 



ing them to run violently away ; any 
sudden flight or rush : v.t. to cause 
to take to sudden flight : v.i. to start 
off in a panic. 

stanch (stanch), adj. firm; constant; 
trustworthy ; zealous : v.t. to stop 
the flowing of, as blood. Also staunch. 

stanchion (stan'shun), n. sl support 
or post of iron or wood. 

stand (stand), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. stood, 
p.pr. standing], to be erect; occupy 
a certain position ; cease to move ; 
be at rest or fixed ; continue ; re- 
main without injury or ruin ; be 
safe ; not to fail or yield ; be obsti- 
nate ; be firm ; be placed ; become a 
candidate ; hold a course at sea ; 
continue in force ; stagnate : v.t. to 
endure ; sustain ; abide by ; set in an 
erect position ; pay for : n. a stop or 
halt; interruDticn ; station for the 
hire or venicles ; raised platform for 
spectators ; small table ; state of per- 
plexity or difficulty ; resistance. 

standard ('erd), n. an ensign or flag, 
especially a national ensign ; that 
which is established by authority as 
a fixed rule or measure ; established 
rule or model ; criterion ; a standing 
tree not supported by a wall ; pro- 
portion of weights of fine metal and 
alloy established by authority. 

standing ('ing), n. the act of stop- 
ping or of being erect on the feet; 
duration ; maintenance of position ; 
reputation ; rank or status : adj. re- 
maining erect : stagnant ; lasting ; 
established or settled ; fixed. 

i+.anhope (stan'hop or 'up), n. a 
light two-wheeled carriage without a 
top. 

stannary (stan'a-ri), n. [pi. stanna- 
ries (-riz)], a tin mine or works: 
adj. pertaining to tin mines. 

stannic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
got from, tin. 

stanniferous (-if'er-us), adj. yield- 
ing tin. 

Stannous ('us), adj. of, pertaining 
to, or containing tin. 

Stanza ('za), n. a number of lines or 
verses connected with and adjusted 
to each other, usually ending in a 
pause; part of a poem containing 
every variation of measure in the 
poem. 



stanzaic (-za'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or consisting of, stanzas. 

stapes (sta'pez), n. the stirrup bone 
of the ear. 

staple (sta'pl), n. the chief produc- 
tion or industry of a country or dis' 
trict ; settled market or emporium ; 
principal element or topic ; unmanu- 
factured or raw material, as cot- 
ton, flax, or wool fiber ; loop of metal 
for holding a bolt, &c. : adj. chief ; 
regularly produced ; established in 
commerce : v.t. to sort according to 
its staple, as cotton, &c. 

stapler ('pier), n. one who deals in 
staple commodities ; a wool sorter. 

star (star), n. any celestial body, es- 
pecially one that is self-luminous; 
anything resembling a star ; a planet 
supposed to influence a person's des- 
tiny ; an ornamental rayed badge; 
an asterisk (*) ; a person of distin- 
guished eminence, especially in the 
theatrical profession : v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. starred, p.pr. starring], to set 
or adorn with stars : v.i. to shine as 
a star ; be preeminent ; appear as 
principal actor among inferior play- 
ers. 

starboard ('bord), n. the right-hand 
side of a vessel looking towards the 
bow : adj. pertaining to, or lying on 
the right side of a vessel : v.t. to put 
to the right or starboard side of a 
vessel. 

star chamber (cham'ber), n. an an- 
cient civil and criminal court at 
Westminster, notorious for its des- 
potism and injustice during the 
reign of Charles I. 

starch (starch), n. a widely diffused 
vegetable substance: used for laun- 
dry purposes, &c. : v.t. to stiffen with 
starch ; make stiff. 

starched (starcht), adj. stiffened 
with starch ; formal ; precise. 

starchy (starch'i), adj. consisting of 
starch ; stiff ; formal ; precise. 

stare (star), n. a fixed look with 
wide-open eyes ; a starling : v.i. to 
look with fixed eyes wide open ; look 
earnestly ; be very conspicuous ; 
stand out prominently : v.t. to gaze 
at. 

stark (stark), adj. stiff; strong: adv. 
wholly or completely. 



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starling (star'ling), w. a passerine 
bird of the genus Sturnus; piles 
driven round the piers of a bridge 
for its protection. 

starred (stard), p. ad j. decora.ted with. 
stars ; influenced by the stars. 

starriness (star'i-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being starry. 

starry ('i), adj. abounding in, con- 
sisting of, or proceeding from, stars ; 
star-shaped. 

star stone ('ston), n, a variety of 
sapphire. 

start (start), v.i. to be moved or 
twitched suddenly, as by sudden 
alarm, &c. ; shrink ; move abruptly ; 
set out ; commence a race, career, 
&c. ; loosen : v.t. to originate or set 
going ; rouse suddenly from conceal- 
ment ; empty ; dislocate ; punish v^ith 
a rope's end : n. the act of starting ; 
outset ; a sudden motion or twitch ; 
sudden fit or excitement ; quick 
spring ; starting post. 

startliroat (star'throt), n. a hum- 
ming-bird. 

startle ( start'l ) , v.i. to move sudden- 
ly, as by an alarm ; to feel sudden 
alarm : v.t. to frighten suddenly ; 
shock. 

starvation (star-va'shun), n. the 
state of being starved. 

starve (starv), v.i. to suffer extreme 
hunger ; perish with hunger or cold : 
v.t. subdue by famine ; destroy by 
want of any kind. 

starveling ('ling), adj. hungry; 
weak ; lean : n. a thin, weak, pining 
animal or plant. 

stasis (sta'sis), n. arrest of the cir- 
culation of blood in the vessels. 

state (stat), n. circumstances or con- 
dition ; position or situation ; ease ; 
quality ; pomp ; principal persons 
constituting the government of a 
country ; legislature ; whole body of 
people united under one government ; 
civil power : adj. pertaining to the 
body politic; used on state occa- 
sions ; ceremonial : v.t. to express 
the details of ; represent fully in 
words ; narrate^ 

State, n. one of the federated com- 
monwealths composing the United 
States. 

stated Ced), adj. fixed; regular. 



statedly (-\i), adv. at fixed times. 

stateliness ('li-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being stately ; majestic 
apnearance. 

stately ('li), adj. [comp. statelier, 
superl. stateliest], grand; majestic; 
dignified ; displaying state or dignity. 

statement ('ment) , n. the act of stat- 
ing ; that which is stated ; narrative 
or recital. 

stater (sta'ter), n. a gold coin of an- 
cient Greece. 

statesman (stats'man), w. [pi. states- 
men ('men)], one who is skilled in 
public affairs and the art of govern- 
ment ; politician. 

statesmanship (-ship), n. the quali- 
fication or skill of a statesman. 

state-trial ('tri-al), n. a trial for 
political offenses. 

static (stat'ik), adj. pertaining to 
bodies at rest or in equilibrium ; act- 
ing by mere weight without produc- 
ing motion. Also statical : n.pl. that 
branch of mechanics which treats of 
the equilibrium, pressue, weight, &c., 
of bodies at rest. 

statically ('i-kal-li), adv. in a stati- 
cal manner. 

station (sta'shun), n. place where a 
person or thing stands ; position ; 
rank or condition of life ; class or 
order ; place on a railway for pas- 
sengers or goods ; district police of- 
fice ; military quarters ; post for 
war-vessels : v.t. to place in a cer- 
tain post, rank, or situation ; ap- 
point or assign. 

stationary (-a-ri), adj. fixed; not 
moving; not improving. 

stationer ('shun-er), n. one who 
sells paper, pens, pencils, writing 
materials, &c. 

stationery (-er-i), n. stationer's ar- 
ticles. 

statist (sta'tist), n. a statistician. 

statistic (sta-tis'tik), adj. pertaining 
to statistics. Also statistical. 

statistically (-al-li), adv. by statis- 
tics. 

statistician (stat-is-tish'an), n. one 
skilled in statistics. 

statistics (sta-tis'tiks), n. the sci- 
ence of the classification and ar- 
rangement of facts relating to the 
condition of a people or class, do- 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



Bta 



760 



■ie 



mestic economy, health, longevity, 
&c. 

stator (sta'ter), n. the part of a dy- 
namo or motor which remains at 
rest. 

statuary ( stat'ti-a-ri ) , n. a sculptor; 
the art of carving statues ; statues 
collectively. 

statue i'n) , n. the representation of 
a living being sculptured or modeled 
in some solid material : v.t. to form 
a statue of ; place, as a statue. 

statuesque (-ti-esk'), adj. having the 
characteristics of a statue ; immo- 
bile. 

statuette (-u-ef), n. a little statue. 

stature ('ur), n. the natural height. 

status (sta'tus), n. condition; social 
standing or place ; rank. 

status quo (kwo), present or pre- 
vious condition or position. 

statutable ( stat'u-ta-bl ) , adj. made 
or introduced by statute ; according 
to law or statute. 

statutaLly (-ta-bli), adv. conforma- 
bly to statute. 

statute Cut), n. a law expressly en- 
acted by the legislature of a country 
or state ; written law ; an act of a 
corporation or of its founders, de- 
signed to be a permanent rule. 

statutory ('u-to-ri), adj. enacted by 
statute ; depending on statute for its 
authority. 

stave (stav), n. [pi. staves (stavz)], 
one of the thin naijrow strips of 
wood forming the sides of a cask; a 
pole or piece of wood of some length ; 
the five parallel lines and the four 
contained spaces on and within 
which the notes and rests are writ- 
ten [Music] : pi. of staff : v.t. [p.t. 
& p.p. staved, stove, p.pr. staving], 
to break a hole in ; burst ; pour out ; 
delay or put off. 

stay (sta), n. a large, strong rope 
which stiffens and supports a mast ; 
stop or stand ; prop or support ; 
abode or continuance in a place : pi. 
pair of corsets : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
stayed, p.pr. staying], to hold up or 
support ; sustain ; endure ; restrain ; 
delay ; tack : v.i. to remain or abide ; 
wait ; rest ; stand still ; continue ; 
cease ; hold out or last. 



stead (sted), n. the place or room 
which another had or might have. 

steadfast ( 'fast ) , adj. firmly fixed or 
established ; steady ; constant ; uni- 
form. 

steadily ('i-li), adv. in a steady man- 
ner. 

steadiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being steady. 

steady ('i), adj. [comp. steadier, su- 
perl. steadiest], fixed; regular; 
firm ; constant in feeling or piJrpose ; 
resolute ; undeviating ; unwavering ; 
uniform : -y.^. [p.t. & p.p. steadied, 
p.pr. steadying], to make or keep 
steady or firm ; make constant or 
resolute ; regulate : inter j. be fixed. 

steak (stak), n. a slice of beef, &c., 
for broiling. 

steal (stel), v.t. [p.t. stole, p.p. 
stolen, p.pr. stealing], to take by 
theft or feloniously ; take without 
leave or right ; withdraw or convey 
clandestinely ; gain secretly and 
gradually : v.i. to commit theft ; slip 
in and out unperceived. 

stealth, (stelth), n. secret means em- 
ployed to accomplish an object ; un- 
derhand procedure. 

stealthily ('i-li), adv. in a stealthy 
manner. 

stealtMness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being stealthy. 

stealthy ('i), adj. [comp. stealthier, 
superl. stealthiest], done or per- 
formed by stealth ; clandestine ; sly. 

steam (stem), n. vapor into which 
water is changed when heated to 
boiling-point ; vapor ; any exhala- 
tion : v.i. to emit steam ; rise or pass 
off in steam : move by steam : v.t. to 
apply steam to. 

steamer ('er), n. a vessel propelled 
by steam ; road locomotive ; an ap- 
paratus for steaming articles. 

steaminess ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being steamy; mistiness. 

steamy ('i), adj. consisting of, or 
like, steam. 

stearate (ste'a-rat), n. any salt of 
stearic acid. 

stearic (-ar'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
obtained from stearin. 

stearin ('a-rin), n. a constituent of 
most animal and some vegetable 
fats ; tallow. 



atp. arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; b55af 
book; hue, but: think, then. 



ste 



761 



sfe 



steatite ('a-tit), n. soapstone. 

steed (sted), n. a horse, especially 
one which is spirited. 

steel (stel), n. iron refined and com- 
bined with carbon ; any instrument 
of steel ; anything made of steel ; 
anything of extreme hardness ; a 
chalybeate medicine : adj. made of, 
or resembling, steel : v.t. to overlay, 
edge, or tip with steel ; make hard 
or invulnerable ; render like steel. 

steeliness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being steely. 

steeling ('ing), n. the process of 
overlaying, edging, or pointing with 
steel ; acierage. 

steely ('i), adj. made of, or like, 
steel ; hard ; inflexible ; colored like 
steel. 

steelyard ('yard), n. a kind of bal- 
ance, consisting of a single weight 
moved along a graduated beam. 

steening (sten'ing), n. a lining of 
stone, brick, &c., of a well or similar 
structure. 

steep (step), adj. rising or descend- 
ing with great inclination ; precipi- 
tous : n. a precipitous place : v.t. to 
soak in a liquid ; dip ; imbue. 

steepen ('n), v.i. to become steep or 
steeper. 

steeple (ste'pl), n. a tower or turret 
tapering to a point ; spire. 

steeple-chase (-chas), n. a kind of 
cross-country horse-race. 

steepled ('pld). adj. furnished with, 
like, or adorned with, a steeple. 

steer (ster), n. a young male of the 
ox kind ; bullock : v.t. to direct the 
course of (a vessel) with the helm; 
control ; guide : v.i. to direct a ship 
in its course; move; be governed. 

steerage ('aj ) , n. the act or practice 
of steering ; that part of a ship al- 
lotted to the poorer passengers. 

steerage- way (-wa), n. rate of mo- 
tion through the water of a vessel 
sufficient to enable her to feel the 
effect of the helm. 

steere (ster), v.t, to give a certain 
angle of elevation to (the bowsprit 
of a vessel). 

steering ('ing), n. the angle of ele- 
vation of a bowsprit with the hori- 
zon. 

steinbock (stin'bok), n. a small an- 



telope of South Africa. Also steen- 
bok. 

stellar (stel'ar), adj. pertaining to 
stars ; astral ; starry. Also stellary. 

stellate ('at), adj. star-like; radi- 
ated. 

stelliform ('i-f6rm), adj. star- 
shaped. 

stellular ('ti-lar), adj. radiated. 

stem (stem), n. the principal axis of 
a tree or plant ; anything resem- 
bling a stem ; race ; pedigree ; prog- 
eny ; branch of a family ; the fore- 
part of a vessel ; the unchangeable 
part of an inflected word ; the up- 
right or downright line joined to 
the body of a note [Music] : v.t, 
[p.t. & p.p. stemmed, p.pr. stem- 
ming], to resist or check; dam up: 
v.i. to move forward against an ob- 
stacle. 

stemple ('pi), n. a crossbar of wood 
in a mining shaft for ascending and 
descending. 

stench, (stench), n. a strong offensive 
odor. 

stencil (sten'sil), n. a thin plate of> 
metal with a pattern, &c., cut out, 
used for marking, &c. : v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p, stenciled, p.pr. stenciling], to 
mark or colorwith a stencil. 

stenograph ('o-graf), n. writing in 
shorthand: v.t. to write or report 
in shorthand. 

stenographer (ste-nog'ra-fer), n. a 
shorthand writer. Also stenogra- 
phist. 

stenographie (sten-o-graf'ik), adj. 
pertaining to, or written in, short- 
hand. 

stenography (ste-nog'ra-fi), n. the 
art of writing in shorthand. 

Stent or (sten'ter), n. a person with 
a very powerful voice : from the 
Greek herald in the Trojan war. 

stentorian (-to'ri-an), adj. extreme- 
ly loud. 

step (step), n. the distance measured 
by the foot in walking or running ; 
pace ; small distance ; footstep ; ac- 
tion ; measure ; procedure ; gait ; 
stair ; round of a ladder : pi. porta- 
ble framework of stairs : v.i. [p.t. & 
p.p. stepped, p.pr. stepping], to 
make a movement by a single change 
of the position of the foot ; walk ; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, thQU, 



ate 



762 



ste 



advance or retire by pacing; go or 
come as by chance ; walk slowly : 
v.t. to set, as the foot ; measure by 
steps ; fix, as a mast : prefix denoting 
relation hy marriage only. 

steppe (step), n. a name for the vast 
barren plains of Russia. 

Btere (star), n. in the metric system, 
a unit of cubic measure = 35.31 
cubic feet. 

stereo, a prefix meaning solid, firm, 
as stereogram, a picture represent- 
ing objects on a plane surface as if 
in relief : n. an a66r. of stereotype. 
Also stereograph. 

Stereometer ( ster-e-om'e-ter ) , n. an 
instrument for measuring the solid 
contents of a body ; an instrument 
for determining specific gravity. 

stereometry (-om'e-tri), n. the art 
of measuring the cubical contents 
of bodies ; the art of determining 
the specific gravity of bodies. 

Stereopticon (-op'ti-kon), n. a mag- 
ic-lantern showing photographic 
slides as if in relief. 

stereoscope (ster'e-o-skop), n. a bi- 
nocular optical instrument by means 
of which two pictures appear as one 
and stand out in relief. 

stereoscopic (-skop'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, characteristic of, or adapted 
to, the stereoscope. Also stereo- 
scopical. 

stereotype ('e-o-tip), n. a metal 
plate cast from a mold taken from 
a page of movable types : v.t. ip.t. 
& p.p. stereotyped, p.pr. stereotyp- 
ing], to cast or print in stereotype; 
fix permanently : adj. pertaining to, 
or ^ done by, stereotype. 

sterile ('il), adj. barren; producing 
little or no crop ; destitute of ideas. 

sterility (-il'i-ti), n. barrenness; in- 
fecundity. 

sterilization (-za'shun), n. the act 
or process of rendering sterile ; state 
of ^ being sterile. 

sterilize ('il-iz), v.t. to make sterile; 
deprive of the power of reproduc- 
tion, as bacteria, 

sterling ('ling), adj. pure; unadul- 
terated ; genuine ; noting English 
money of standard value ; of high 
merit. 

stern (stern), adj. harsh or severe in 



countenance or manners ; austere ; 
unrelenting ; steadfast ; being in the 
stern : n. the after part of a vessel. 

sternal ('al), adj. pertaining to the 
sternum. 

sternum ('um), n. the breast bone. 

sternsheets ('shetz), n. that part of 
a boat furnished with seats for pas- 
sengers. 

sternway ('wa), n. movement of a 
vessel backwards. 

stertorous (ster'to-rus), adj. charac- 
terized by deep snoring. 

stet (stet), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stetted, 
p.pr. stetting], to mark with the 
word stet (let it stand) on a proof, 
indicating that something marked 
for omission is to remain. 

stethometer (steth-om'e-ter), n. an 
apparatus for measuring the exter- 
nal movements of the walls of the 
chest during respiration. 

stethoscope ('o-skop), n. an instru- 
ment for examining the chest, or 
ascertaining diseases of the chest by 
sound produced in the thorax. 

stetlioscopic (-skop'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or by means of, the stetho- 
scope. Also stethoscopical. 

stethoscopy ('6-sko-pi), n. examina- 
tion by the stethoscone. 

Steve (stev), v.t. to stow in a ship's 
hold. 

stevedore ('e-dor), n. one who loads 
or unloads a vessel in port, or stows 
cargo in a ship's hold. 

stew (stu), v.t. to boil slowly or with 
a simmering heat : v.i. to be boiled 
slowly or gently : n. a dish pre- 
pared, by stewing; a store-pond: pi. 
a brothel. 

steward ('erd), n. one who manages 
the domestic concerns of a family 
or institution ; manager of a large 
estate or farm ; person employed at 
a hotel, club, or on board ship to 
superintend culinary affairs ; a col- 
lege oflacial who superintends the 
kitchen arrangements ; a fiscal 
agent; an officer of the royal house- 
hold ; manager at races, sports, &c. 

stewardess (-es), n. a woman who 
attends to female passengers on 
board ship. 

stewardsMp (-ship), n. the office of 
a steward ; management. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



sth 



76a 



sa 



stliemc (sthen'ik), adj. character- 
ized by morbid activity of the heart 
and blood vessels. 

stiacciato (ste-at-cha'to), n» in 
sculpture, the lowest kind of relief. 

stibial (stib'i-al), adj. like antimony. 

stibialism (-izm), n. antimonial poi- 
soning. 

stibium ('i-um), n. antimony. 

sticcado (stik-a'do), n. a musical in- 
strument of wooden bars of gradu- 
ated lengths, played with a small 
mallet. 

stick (stik), n. a small branch or 
shoot cut off a tree ; walking stick ; 
staff ; printer's composing-stick ; 
thrust or stab with a pointed instru- 
ment ; an incompetent or dull speak- 
er : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stuck, p.pr. stick- 
ing], to stab or thrust; pierce; fas- 
ten ; fix in ; make to cohere ; at- 
tach ; set with something pointed ; 
compose or set up (type) : v.i. to be 
fixed ; remain ; cleave ; adhere ; be 
fastened by piercing; be stayed; 
hesitate (with at). 

stickiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being sticky. 

stickle ('1), v.i. to wrangle or con- 
tend pertinaciously, especially on in- 
sufficient grounds, for something of 
little importance. 

stickleback (-bak), n. a spiny- 
backed fish. 

sticky ('i), adj. [comp. stickier, su- 
perl. stickiest], adhesive; glutinous; 
viscous. 

stiff (stif), adj. not easily bent; 
rigid ; inflexible ; stubborn ; not 
liquid or fluid ; strong ; violent ; not 
natural or easy ; constrained ; af- 
fected ; formal ; severe ; not written 
with ease. 

stiffen (.'n), v.t. to make stiff; make 
more thick or viscous ; make tor- 
pid : v.i. to become stiff ; grow more 
obstinate. 

stiffening (-ing), n. the act of mak- 
ing stiff; material for making any- 
thing stiff. 

stiff-necked ('nekt), adj. inflexibly 
obstinate ; stubborn. 

stifle (stif'l), v.t. to suffocate; 
smother ; extinguish ; deaden ; sup- 
press or conceal : v.i. to be suffo- 



cated : n. the first joint above a 
horse's thigh, next the buttock. 

stigma (stig'ma), n. [pi. stigmas, 
stigmata ('maz, 'ma-ta)], a mark 
made with a branding-iron ; mark of 
infamy or disgrace ; the receptive 
upper part of the pistil of a flower 
on which the pollen which fertilizes 
it falls : pi. the counterparts of the 
marks of the wounds in Christ's 
body, supposed to be impressed on 
the bodies of certain saints (stig- 
mata). 

stigmatize ('ma-tiz), v.t. to mark 
with a stigma or brand ; hold up to 
disgrace, reproach, or infamy. 

stile (stil), n. a set of steps to pass 
from one side of a fence or wall, 
&c., to the other ; the gnomon of a 
sun-dial ; an upright piece in fram- 
ing or paneling. 

stiletto (sti-let'o), n. a small dagger 
with a thin, rounded, and pointed 
blade ; pointed instrument for mak- 
ing eyelet holes. 

still (stil), adj. at rest; without mo- 
tion ; quiet ; calm ; silent ; not effer- 
vescent : adv. to this time ; neverthe- 
less ; always ; after that : v.t. to 
make still ; calm ; lull ; pacify ; ren- 
der motionless : n. an apparatus for 
distilling liquids. 

stilt (stilt), n. a pole of wood with a 
rest for the foot : used in pairs in 
walking : v.t. to set or raise on stilts. 

stilted ('ed), adj. inflated; pompous. 

Stilton (stil'tun), n. a rich kind of 
■ cheese. 

stimulant (stim'ti-lant), adj. serving 
to stimulate ; producing transient in- 
crease of vital energy : n.pl. medi- 
cines or alcoholic beverages having 
such an effect. 

stimulate ('u-lat), v.t. to excite or 
rouse ; animate ; goad ; encourage : 
excite greater vitality in : v.i. to act 
as a stimulus. 

stimulative ('u-la-tiv), adj. having 
the power of stimulating : n. any- 
thing that stimulates. 

stimulator (-ter), n. one who, or 
that which, stimulates. 

stimulus ('ti-lus), n. [pi. stimuli 
(-li)], that which stimulates; a 
spur ; anything exciting to action ; 
incentive; stimulant. 



ate, arm. 



f, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



sti 



764 



sto 



sting (sting), n. the sharp-pointed, 
poisonous weapon with which cer- 
tain animals and insects are fur- 
nished ; one of the stiff, sharp- 
pointed, hollow hairs of certain 
plants; anything that gives acute 
mental or physical pain ; the thrust 
of a sting : v.t. \_p.t. & ^.p. stung, 
p.pr, stinging], to pierce or wound 
with, or as with, a sting ; cause 
acute pain to ; goad. 

stingaree ('ga-re), n. the sting-ray. 

stinging ('ing), p.adj. piercing, as 
with a sting ; acutely painful ; pun- 
gent ; adapted for stinging. 

stingy (stin'ji), adj. [comp. stingier, 
svpcrl. stingiest], close and covet- 
ous ; meanly avaricious ; miserly ; 
niggardly. 

stink (stingk), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. stunk, 
p.pr. stinking], to emit a strong, of- 
fensive odor : v.t. to cause to stink : 
n. a strong, offensive odor ; disgust- 
ing smell ; an unpleasant exposure. 

stinking ('ing), p.adj. emitting a 
stink. 

stint (stint), v.t. to restrain within 
certain limits : v.i. to stop or cease : 
n. a limit ; quantity assigned. 

stipe (stip), n. the stalk of a frond 
or of a pistil ; stem of a fungus. 
Also stipes. 

stipend (sti'pend), n. salary, espe- 
cially clerical income. 

stipendiary (-pen'di-a-ri), adj. re- 
ceiving stipend or salary : n. one 
who performs services for a salary. 

stipple (stip'l), v.t. to engrave by 
means of dots ; paint by small, short 
touches. 

stippler ('ler), n. a brush used for 
stippling. 

stipulate ('u-lat), v.t. to arrange or 
settle definitely or by special men- 
tion. 

stipulation (-li-la'shun), n. the act 
of stipulating; contract, agreement, 
or bargain ; a special condition in a 
contract. 

stipulator ('ti-la-ter), n. one who 
stipulates, contracts, or covenants. 

stipule ('til), 71. a small leaf-like ap- 
pendage at the base of petioles. 

stir (ster), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stirred, 
p.pr. stirring], to put into motion; 
move ; incite ; agitate ; animate ; 



rouse ; instigate : v.i. to move or ex- 
ert one's self ; be in motion ; change 
place ; rise in the morning : n. bus- 
tle ; agitation ; tumult ; noise ; pub- 
lic disturbance ; excitement. 

stirabout ('a-bout), n. oatmeal por- 
ridge. 

stirk (sterk), n. a young bull or 
heifer. 

stirps (sterps) , n. [pi. stirpes ('pez) ], 
family ; race ; stem ; root. 

stirrer (ster'er), n. one who stirs. 

stirring ('ing), n. the act of moving: 
adj. busy; bustling; exciting; stim- 
ulating. 

stirrup (stir'up or ster'up), n. an 
iron hoop suspended by a strap in 
which a horseman sets his foot when 
he mounts or rides. 

stitch (stich), n. a single pass of a 
needle and thread through anything 
made by sewing ; link of yarn in 
knitting ; sudden sharp, local pain ; 
a furrow : v.t. to form stitches in ; 
unite by stitches; form (land) into 
furrows : v.i. to practice stitching. 

stitcking ('ing), n. the act of sew- 
ing ; work sewn ; formation of land 
into furrows. 

stitky (stith'i), n. a smith's forge; 
anvil. 

stive (stiv), v.t. to make close, hot, 
or sultry ; stuff up ; pack or press 
closely together : v.i. to be stifled. 

stiver ('er), n. a Dutch coin, value 2 
cents : hence anything of little value. 

stoa (sto'a), n. a portico or porch. 

stoat (stot), n. a weasel. 

stoccade (sto-kad'), n. a thrust in 
fencing. 

stock (stok), n. the trunk or stem of 
a tree or plant ; pillar ; log, or post ; 
trunk into which a graft is inserted ; 
a blockhead ; race, family, or line- 
age ; fund ; capital ; share of a pub- 
lic debt ; store ; cattle ; stiff cravat ; 
part of a firearm to which the bar- 
rel and lock are attached ; founda- 
tion of soups, &c. ; a kind of flower : 
pi. a wooden frame in which the 
legs of criminals were confined ; pub- 
lic funds ; shares of capital in a cor- 
porate company ; frame on which a 
ship is built : v.t. to store up ; fill ; 
supply : v.i. to take in or obtain sup- 
plies : adj. kept in stock ; permanent. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



sto 



765 



sto 



» 



stockade (-ad'), n. a line of posts 
used as a barrier for defense or en- 
closure for cattle: v.t. to surround 
with, or defend by, a stockade. 

stockfish ('fish), n. salted and dried 
fish. 

stockinet (-i-net'), n. an elastic tex- 
tile fabric. 

stocking ('ing), n. a close-fitting cov- 
ering for the foot and leg. 

stockjobber ('job-er), n. one who 
deals or speculates in stocks and 
shares. 

stockstill ('stil), adj. motionless. 

stodgy (stoj'i), adj. wet. 

stoic (sto'ik), n. a disciple of the 
Greek philosopher Zeno, who taught 
that a wise man should be governed 
by the reason, subdue all passions, 
and be indifferent to pleasure or 
pain : one who proposes such doc- 
trines : adj. pertaining to the Stoics ; 
indifferent to pleasure or pain. Sto- 
ical. 

stoically (-li), adv. in a stoical man- 
ner. 

stoichiometry (stoi-ki-om'e-tri), n. 
the science of estimating the atomic 
weights, &c., of chemical elements 
and their compounds. 

stoicism (sto'i-sizm) , n. the doctrines 
and maxims of the stoics ; real or 
assumed insensibility to pleasure or 
pain. 

stoke (stok), v.t. maintain and tend 
the fire in : as, to stoke a furnace : 
v.i. to act as a stoker. 

stoker ('er), n. one who supplies fuel 
to, and attends to the furnace of an 
engine ; a fireman. 

stola (sto'la), n. [pi. stolse ('le)], a 
long, loose garment worn by Roman 
matrons. 

stole (stol), n. a stola; a long, nar- 
row scarf fringed at the ends, worn 
by bishops, priests, and deacons of the 
Roman Catholic Anglican Churches : 
p.t. of steal. 

stolen, p.p. of steal. 

stolid (stol'id), adj. stupid; dull; 
impassive. 

stolidity ('i-ti), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being stolid; intellectual dul- 
ness. 

stolon (sto'lon), n. a trailing branch 



or creeping sucker which sends down 
roots. 

stoma ('ma), n. [pi. stomata (sto'- 
ma-ta) ], a minute breathing pore or 
aperture. 

stomach (stum'ak), n. the principal 
organ of digestion in the body ; ap- 
petite ; inclination ; haughtiness : v.t^ 
to resent ; put up with 

stomacher ('a-ker), n. an ornamen- 
tal breast covering, worn by women. 

stomachic (sto-mak'ik), adj. per- 
taining to, exciting or strengthening 
the stomach : n. a strengthening 
medicine for the stomach. 

stomatic (sto-mat'ik), n. a medicine- 
for diseases of the mouth. 

stomp, another form of stamp. 

stone (ston), n. a hard mass of earthy 
or mineral matter ; gem ; material of 
stone used for building, &c. ; calcu- 
lus ; hard seed shell of certain fruits ; 
a weight of varying value, usually 
14 lb. avoirdupois ; insensibility ; 
hardness: v.t. to pelt or kill with 
stones ; free from stones, as fruit. 

stone age (aj), n. the period of civ- 
ilization when stone weapons, im- 
plements, &c., were used prior to in-,, 
troduction of bronze. 

stone-blind ('blind), adj. quite 
blind. 

stonechat ('chat), n. a small British 
bird. 

stonecutting ('kut-ing), n. hewing 
or dressing stone. 

stoneware ('war), n. a coarse kind 
of pottery baked hard and glazed. 

stone wort ('wert), n. a. plant of the 
genus Chara. 

stonily ('i-li), adv. in a stony man- 
ner. 

stoniness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being stony. 

stony ('i), adj. [comp. stonier, su- 
perl. stoniest], pertaining to, of the 
nature of, or like, stone; rocky; 
hard ; cruel ; inflexible ; pitiless. 

stood, p.t. of stand. 

stool (stool), n. a seat without a 
back for one person, usually sup-' 
ported with 3 legs ; the seat used in 
evacuating the bowels ; evacuation 
of the bowels. 

stoop (stoop), v.i. to bend the body 
downward and forward ; descend 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



3io 



766 



utr 



from rank or dignity; submit; con- 
descend ; sweep down on prey : n. in- 
clination downward and forward ; 
descent from dignity ; condescension ; 
fall of a bird upon its prey ; stair- 
way, veranda, or porch with seats; 
a flagon. 

stop (stop), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stopped, 
p.pr. stopping], to hinder, check, or 
impede; render impassable; inter- 
cept ; desist from ; regulate ^ the 
sounds of ; deduct ; suspend : v.i. to 
cease from any motion or action ; 
reside temporarily : n. the act of 
stopping ; state of being stopped ; 
cessation ; a device for arresting or 
limiting musical sounds ; series of 
organ pipes ; mark used in punctua- 
tion : inter j. stay ! cease ! 

stopgap ('gap), n. a temporary ex- 
pedient. 

stoppage ('aj), n. the act of stop- 
ping; state of being stopped; ob- 
struction ; deduction from pay. 

stopper ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, stops ; that which closes a 
,vent or hole. 

Stopping ('ing),"^^."the act of halt- 
ing ; stoppage ; something that fills 
np, or closes. 

Siopple ('1), n. a cork or plug: v. I. 
to close with a stopple. 

storage (stor'aj), n. safe keeping of 
goods in a warehouse, &c. ; price for 
storage. 

storaz (sto'raks), n. a balsamic resin. 

store (stor), n. a large number or 
great quantity ; stock accumulated ; 
abundance or plenty ; warehouse ; 
shop : pi. naval and military arms, 
ammunition, clothing, provisions, 
&c. : v.t. to furnish or supply with 
stores ; gather in quantities ; accu- 
mulate ; hoard up ; warehouse. 

storied ('id), adj. furnished with 
stories ; told in a story. 

stork (stork), n. a large wading bird 
with long legs and large pointed bill. 

storm (storm), n. a violent atmos- 
pheric disturbance; tempest; heavy 
fall of rain, snow, or hail ; violent 
commotion or agitation ; tumult ; ca- 
lamity ; violent assault on a fortified 
place : v.t. to attack with violence or 
open force : v.i. to blow violently ; 
be angry or rage. 



stormily ('i-li), adv. in a stormy 

manner. 
storxuiness ('i-nes), n. tempestuous- 

ness. 

storming ('ing), n. the taking of a 
fortified place by a violent and open 
assault : p.adj. violently angry or 
raging. 

stormy ('i), adj. [comp. stormier, su- 
perl, stormiest], characterized by, or 
proceeding from, storms; tempestu- 
ous ; violent. 

Storthing (stort'ing), n. the Norwe- 
gian Parliament. 

story (stor'i), n. [pi. stories ('iz)], a 
fictitious narrative ; pretty tale ; 
short romance ; history ; stage or 
floor of a building; division of a 
house reached by one flight of stairs. 

stoup (stoop), n. a flagon; receptacle 
for holy water ; a liquid measure. 

stout (stout), adj. corpulent; thick- 
set ; stormy ; lusty ; brave ; resolute : 
n. a strong kind of porter. 

stove (stov), n. an apparatus for en- 
closing a fire for cooking or heat- 
ing ; hothouse : v.t. heat or dry, as 
in a stove : p.t, of stave. 

stoxr (sto), v.t. to fill by packing 
closely ; lay up ; pack. 

stowage ('aj), n. the act of stowing; 
state ot being stowed ; accommoda- 
tion for stowing things ; money paid 
for stowage. 

sto-waway ('a-wa), n. one who con- 
ceals himself on a vessel leaving 
port to obtain a free passage. 

strabismus (stra-biz'mus),ii. squint- 
ing. 

strabatonxy (-bot'o-mi), n. a surgi- 
cal operation for the removal of 
squinting. 

straddle (strad'l), v.t. to stand or 
sit astride of : v.i. to stand or walk 
with the legs wide apart : n. the act 
of standing, sitting, or walking with 
the legs wide apart ; a stock option 
giving the holder the right of both 
"put" and "call." 

straggle (strag'l), v.i. to wander 
from the direct course or way ; ram- 
ble; rove; roam idly about; be dis- 
persed or scattered ; occur at inter- 
vals. 

stragnlum ('u-lum), n. the mantle 
of a bird. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



str 



767 



str 



¥ 



stralilite (stral'it), n. actinolite. 

straight (strat), adj. not crooked; 
right, as a line stretched between 
two points; direct; upright; undi- 
luted : consistent in support of a 
candidate or party : adv. in a straight 
manner ; direct ; at once. 

straighten ('en), v.t. to make 
straight. 

straightforward (-fSr'werd), adj. 
not deviating ; honest ; open. 

straight- sp oken ( 'spo-ken ) , adj. 
plain-spoken. 

straightway ('wa), adv. at once. 

strain (stran), n. stock; lineage; 
race ; descent ; tune or melody ; man- 
ner of speech or action ; a violent 
effort ; injury by overexertion : v.t. 
to put to its utmost strength ; draw 
out with force ; stretch ; injure by 
overtasking; make uneasy or un- 
natural ; filter : v.i. to make violent 
efforts ; be filtered. 

strainer ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, strains ; an apparatus for fil- 
tering. 

strait (strat), adj. narrow; not 
broad ; confined ; distressful ; diffi- 
cult : n.pl. a narrow passage of 
water connecting two seas ; difii- 
culty ; poverty. 

straiten ('en), v.t. to make narrow; 
contract ; confine ; put into difficul- 
ties ; embarrass : v.i. to become nar- 
row. 

strait- jacket ('jak-et), n. a kind of 
garment for confining mad or delir- 
ious persons. Also strait-waistcoat. 

strait-laced ( 'last ) , adj. laced tight- 
ly ; strict in manners or morals. 

strake (strak), n. the iron tire by 
which the felloes of a wheel are se- 
cured; continuous line of planking 
of a vessel from stem to stern ; a 
trough for washing broken ore. 

stramoninni ( stra-mo'ni-um ) , n. the 
thorn-apple, commonly called jim- 
son-weed. 

strand (strand), n. the shore of a 
sea, ocean, or large lake ; one of the 
divisions or twists of a rope : v.t. to 
drive or force upon the sea-shore ; 
run aground ; bring into a state of 
embarrassment : v.i. to be lifted or 
be driven ashore. 

strange (stranj), adj. belonging to 



another country; not domestic; 
novel ; unusual ; reserved ; inexperi- 
enced ; unfamiliar. 

strangely ('li), adv. in a strange 
manner. 

strangeness ('nes), n. the state or 
quality of being strange. 

stranger ('er), n. a foreigner; guest 
or visitor; one who is unknown or 
acquainted ; one not admitted to fel- 
lowship. 

strangle (strang'gl), v.t. to choke; 
suffocate by compressing the wind- 
pipe ; suppress or stifle : pi. a, dis- 
ease in horses. , 

strangulation (-gu-la'shun), n. the 
act of strangling ; state of being 
strangled ; suffocation ; close con- 
striction. 

strangury ('gu-ri), n. painful void- 
ing or urine by drops. 

strap (strap), n. a long, narrow 
piece of leather or cloth ; razor- 
strop : v.t. [p.t. . & p.p. strapped, 
p.pr. strapping], to fasten or bind 
with a strap ; beat with a strap. 

strapper ('er), n. one who uses a 
strap ; a person unusually tall. 

strapping ('ing), adj. tall; strong; 
well-made ; handsome. 

strass (stras), n. sl kind of colorless 
glass used as the base of artificial 
paste gems. 

strata, pi. of stratum. 

stratagem (strat'a-jem), n. a device 
or scheme for defeating an enemy, 
especially in war ; an artifice or 
plan for deception of any kind, or 
for gaining some advantage. 

strategic (stra-tej'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or effected by, strategy or 
artifice. Also strategical : n.pl. the 
science of military warfare ; direc- 
tion of a campaign. 

strategy (strat'e-ji), n. strategics; 
use of artifice or stratagem in carry- 
ing out some design. 

stratification (-i-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
process of being arranged or depos- 
ited in layers. 

stratified ('i-fid), adj. arranged in 
strata. 

stratiform ('i-f6rm), adj. strata- 
like. 

stratify ('i-fl), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. strat- 
ified, p.pr. stratifying], to form, de- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. ■ 



I 



str 



768 



str 



posit, or arrange,' in strata or lay- 
ers. 

stratnm (stra'tum), n. [pi. strata 
('ta)], a bed of earth or rock, con- 
sisting generally of a series of lay- 
ers ; an artificial layer. 

stratus ('tus), n. a cloud apparently 
resting horizontally on the earth's 
surface. 

straw (straw), n. the stalk of grain; 
bundle of such stalks when cut and 
thrashed ; anything proverbially 
worthless ; mere trifle. 

strawberry ('ber-i), n. [pi. straw- 
berries (-iz)], a E^ant of the genus 
Fragaria and its well-known fruit. 

str aw- worm, ('werm), n. the caddis- 
worm. 

strawy ('i), adj. pertaining to, made 
of, or like, straw. 

stray (stra), v.i. to wander from 
limits or the direct path ; deviate ; 
err : v.t. to mislead : adj. gone 
astray ; wandering. 

streak (strek), n. a line of color dif- 
ferent from the ground color ; 
stripe : v.t. to form, or mark with, 
streaks ; stripe. 

streaky ('i), adj. having streaks; 
with alternate layers of fat and 
lean. 

stream (strem), n. a current of wa- 
ter or other fluid ; anything flowing 
out of a source ; river, rivulet, or 
brook ; drift or tendency : v.i. to is- 
sue or flow in a stream ; run in a 
current ; issue forth. 

streamer ('er), n. a long narrow flag 
or pennon ; the aurora borealis. 

streamlet ('let), n. a little stream; 
a rivulet ; a rill. 

streami-tin ('tin), n. diluvial ore in 
tin mines. 

streamy ('i), adj. abounding in, or 
full of, streams ; flowing in streams. 

street (stret), n. a public road in a 
city or town lined with houses on 
either side. 

street Arab (ar'ab), n. a neglected 
child who lives in the streets. 

street-car ('kar), n. a car that runs 
on a street-railway. 

street-railway (-ral'wa), n. a rail- 
way laid on the surface of the 
streets, distinguished from a rail- 
road, elevated road, or sub-way road. 



strengtli (strength), n. the state or 
quality of being strong; active or 
passive power ; muscular force ; 
vigor ; power of endurance or resist- 
ance ; toughness ; numbers or 
amount of any body, as an army ; 
vigor of style; intensity, as of light 
or color; legal or moral force; po- 
tency of liquors. 

strengtben ('en), v.t. to make 
strong ; confirm ; cause to increase 
in power or security : v.i. to become 
stronger, 

strenuous (stren'ti-us), adj. urgent 
or eagerly pressing ; ardent ; zeal- 
ous ; strong ; vigorous ; bold ; ear- 
nest; valiant. 

stress (stres), n. urgency; strain; 
pressure ; force; importance; 
weight ; violence ; force of utterance. 

stretcb (strech), v.t. to draw out to 
a greater length or width ; extend 
or expand ; strain ; exaggerate : v.i. 
to be extended ; reach ; sail by the 
wind under press of canvas : n. the 
act of stretching ; state of being 
stretched ; strain ; effort ; extension ; 
direction ; utmost extent of meaning. 

stretcber ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, stretches ; a footboard used 
in rowing; a frame or litter for 
carrying the sick or dead. 

strew (stroo), v.t. to spread by scat- 
tering ; scatter loosely. 

striae (stri'e), n.pl. fine thread-like 
lines ; slight furrows ; fillets between 
the channels of columns. 

striate ('ate), ©(?;. marked, or formed 
with, stria?. 

stricken (strik'en), p.adj. far ad- 
vanced : p.p. of strike. 

strict ( strikt ) , adj. vigorous ; exact ; 
severe ; nice to an extreme ; care- 
ful ; rigidly interpreted ; straight and 
narrow. 

stricture ('tir), n. a morbid contrac- 
tion of any passage of the body, es- 
pecially of the urethra; censure or 
adverse criticism. 

stride (strid), n. a long step; strad- 
dle : v.i. to walk with long steps ; 
straddle : v.t. to pass by long steps. 

strident (strl'dent), adj. harsh; 
shrill ; grating or creaking. 

stridulation(strid-u-la'shun), n. the 
power possessed by certain male in- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



str 



769 



six 



sects of making shrill sounds by the 
friction of parts of their bodies. 

stridulons ('u-lus), adj. producing a 
shrill, harsh, creaking sound. 

strife (strif), n. contention for su- 
periority; discord; conflict; quar- 
rel ; enmity ; war. 

striga (stri'ga), n. [p?. strigse ('je)L 
the fluting of a column : pi. small, 
upright, stiff hairs, swelled at their 
bases. 

strigil (strij'il), n. an instrument 
for scraping, used by the ancients 
after the bath. 

strike (strik), v.i. Ip.t. struck, p.p. 
struck, stricken, p.pr. striking], to 
hit with a blow or with force ; dash ; 
collide; pass quickly; lower or take 
down ; notify by sound ; affect 
strongly or sensibly; produce by a 
blow or friction ; coin or mint ; 
ground ; light upon ; make, as a bar- 
gain : v.i. to make a quick blow or 
thrust ; hit ; sound by being struck ; 
pay homage, as by lowering a flag or 
sail in token of respect or submis- 
sion ; cease from work : n. cessation 
of work for higher wages ; an in- 
strument for leveling a measure, as 
of grain ; four bushels ; direction of 
the outcrop of a stratum. 

striking ('ing), adj. affecting with 
strong emotions ; impressive ; forci- 
ble ; wonderful ; surprising. 

string (string), n. a sm^ll cord or 
line; cord of a musical instrument; 
cord on which things are filed ; se- 
ries of things connected : v.i. [p.t. 
& p.p. strung, p.pr. stringing], to 
furnish with strings ; put in tune ; 
thread on a string ; file ; , deprive of 
strings. 

stringency (strin'jen-si), n. the state 
or quality of being stringent. 

stringent (strin'jent), adj. severe; 
rigid ; strict ; binding ; tense. 

stringiness (string'i-nes), n. the 
state or quality of being stringy. 

stringy ('i), adj. consisting of, or 
like, string ; filamentous ; viscid. 

strip (strip), v.t. [p.t.&p.p. stripped, 
p.pr. stripping], to make naked; de- 
prive of a covering ; skin or peel ; 
rob or pillage ; bereave ; take away ; 
milk dry : v.i. to undress : n. a long 



narrow piece; trough for washing 
ore ; waste, as destruction of fences. 

stripe (strip), v.t. to variegate with 
lines of different colors; form the 
stripes upon ; lash or whip : n. a 
line or long narrow division of any- 
thing of a different color to the 
ground; stroke or weal made by a 
whip, &c. ; party badge or color. 

stripling (strip'ling), n. a youth. 

strive (striv), v.i. to make exertions 
or efforts ; labor hard or earnestly ; 
aim ; struggle ; contend in emula- 
tion. 

strobile (strob'il), n. the cone or 
fruit of the pine-tree. 

strocal (stro'kal), n. a glassmaker's 
shovel. 

strode, p.t. of stride. 

stroke (strok), n. a knock or blow; 
calamity or affliction ; sudden effect ; 
hostile blow or attack ; touch of a 
pencil or pen ; sound of a clock ; 
length of the rectilinear motion of a 
piston, &c. ; sweep of an oar ; the 
principal oarsman in a boat who 
sets the time to the rowers : v.t. to 
rub gently with the hand in one 
direction ; soothe. 

stroll ( strol ) , v.i. to wander on foot ; 
ramble or rove idly : n. a leisurely 
ramble. 

stroller ('er), n. one who strolls; an 
itinerant player ; vagrant. 

stroma (stro'ma), n. [pi. stromata 
Cma-ta)], the basis of an organ or 
tissue. 

strong (strdng) ,adj. having strength ; 
robust ; healthy ; vigorous ; having 
power of endurance ; powerful ; vio- 
lent ; muscular ; affecting the senses ; 
ardent ; well-fortified ; rising to 
higher prices. 

stronghold ('hold), n. a fortress. 

strontia (stron'shi-a), n. an oxide of 
strontium. 

strontium ('shi-um), n. sl metallic 
element forming the base of stron- 
tia. 

strop (strop), n. a strip of leather 
for sharpening razors : v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. stropped, p.pr. stropping], to 
sharpen on a strop. 

strophe (stro'fe), *i. that part of a 
song or dance in the ancient Greek 
drama performed by the chorus in 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



str 



770 



stu 



turning from the right to the left ; 
the first of two stanzas. 

stropMc (strof'ik), adj, pertaining 
to, or consisting of, strophes. 

strond (stroud), n. a kind of coarse 
blanket used by the North American 
Indians. 

struck, p.t. & p.p. of strike. 

structural (strukt'ti-ral), adj. per- 
taining to structure. 

structure ('ur), n. an edifice or 
building; manner or form of build- 
ing; form; make; arrangement of 
parts or organization of a vegetable 
or animal substance. 

struggle (strug'l), v.i. to use violent 
efforts with contortions of the body ; 
strive with effort ; be in pain or 
agony ; contend : n. a violent effort 
with contortions of the body ; pain 
or agony ; labor ; contest. 

Struiu (strum), v.t. & v.i. [p.t. & 
p.p. strummed, p.pr. strumming], to 
play badly and noisily on a stringed 
instrument. 

struma (stroo'ma), n. scrofula. 

strumous ('mus), adj. scrofulous. 

strumipet (strum'pet), n. a prosti- 
tute. 

strung, p.t. & p.p. of string. 

strut (strut), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. strut- 
ted, p.pr. strutting], to walk with 
affected dignity : n. a proud step or 
walk with the head erect ; a support 
of timber. 

Struthio (str6o'thi-6), n. a genus of 
birds, containing the ostriches. 

strychnic (strik'nik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, derived from, or containing, 
strychnine. 

stryclinine ('nin), n. a highly poi- 
sonous alkaloid extracted from nux 
vomica. 

stub (stub), n. the stump of a tree; 
a stub-nail : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stubbed, 
p.pr. stubbing], to grub up by the 
roots ; root out ; strike against some 
fixed obstacle : as, to stul) one's toe. 

stubbed ('d), adj. short and thick. 
Also stubby. 

stubbiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being stubby. 

stubble ('1), n. short stalks or 
stumps of grain left in the ground 
after reaping. 

stubborn ('ern), adj. inflexibly head- 



strong ; obstinate ; contumacious ; 
refractory ; not easily worked or 
melted, as a metal. 

stub-nail ('nal), n. a short, thick 
nail, 

stucco (stuk'o), n. [pi. stuccoes 
('oz)], plaster used as a coating for , 
walls or internal decorations ; work ' 
executed in stucco : v.t. to overlay, 
or decorate, with stucco. 

stuck, p.t. & p.p. of stick. 

stuck-up (stuk'up), adj. conceited. 

stud (stud), n. an ornamental knob 
or button ; large-headed ornamental 
nail ; an upright beam or scantling ; 
collection of breeding horses and 
mares ; place where they are kept ; 
horses kept for racing, hunting, &c. : 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p. studded, p.pr, stud- 
ding], to adorn with, or as with, 
studs ; set with detached ornaments 
or prominent objects. 

studding ('ing), n. material for 
studs or joists; studs or joists col- 
lectively. 

studding-sail (''ing-sal), n. a light 
sail set at the side of a square sail 
to increase its area in light winds. 

student (stti'dent), n. one who is 
engaged in study; scholar; one de- 
voted to books or learning; syste- 
matic observer. 

studkcrse (stud'hSrs), n. a stallion. 

studied ('id), adj. qualified by study; 
well-read ; precise or formal ; pre- 
meditated. 

studio (stti'di-o), n. an artist's work- 
room. 

studious ('i-us), adj. devoted to 
study or the acquisition of knowl- 
edge; diligent; designed; deliberate; 
careful (with of). 

study (stud'i), n. the application of 
the mind to acquisition of knowl- 
edge ; any particular branch of 
learning; sketched ideas of a paint- 
er, &e., for his future instruction or 
improvement ; a room set apart for 
a study : v.i. [p.t. & p.p. studied, 
p.pr. studying], to apply the mind 
closely to a subject; endeavor dili- 
gently : v.t. to examine closely in 
order to learn thoroughly ; con over ; 
devote one's thoughts to. 

stufa (stoo'fa), n. a jet of steam is- 
suing from a fissure in the earth. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, h^t ; think, f^en. 



stu 



771 



«ty 



stuff (stuf), n. materials out of which 
anything is made; textile fabrics; 
furniture; goods; refuse matter; 
nonsense: v.t. to fill by crowding 
something into ; press or pack ; fill 
with seasoning ; fill the skin of ( a 
dead animal) for preservation in its 
natural form : v.i. to eat glutton- 
ously. 

stuffiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being stuify. 

stuffy ('i), adj. close or ill-ventilat- 
ed ; ^ sulky. 

stultification (stul-ti-fi-ka'shun), n. 
the act of stultifying ; the state of 
being stultified. 

Stultifier ('ti-fi-er), n, one who stul- 
tifies. 

stultify Cti-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stul- 
tified, p.pr. stultifying], to render 
foolish ; make nugatory. 

stumble (stum'bl), v.i. to trip up or 
fall in walking; light (with on or 
upon) ; slide into error or crime: n. 
a trip in walking or running; fail- 
ure or blunder. 

stump (stump), n. that part of a 
tree which remains in the ground 
after the trunk is cut down ; part 
remaining after amputation, &c. ; 
an artist's soft pencil or rubber ; 
one of three posts of the wicket at 
cricket : v.t. to lop ofE ; reduce to a 
stump ; defeat : v.i. travel about 
making speeches for electioneering 
purposes ; to walk clumsily. 

Stumx^-orator (-or'a-ter), n. one 
who harangues the people on some 
current question, usually political. 

stump-speech ('spech), n. an elec- 
tioneering speech. 

stwmpy Ci), adv. full of stumps; 
7ihort and thick. 

S^'/Un (stun), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stunned, 
p.pr. stunning], to render sense- 
less by, or as by, a blow; confuse 
with noise ; surprise completely ; 
astonish. 

stung, p.t. & p.p. of sting. 

stunk, p.t. & p.p. of stink. 

stunning ('ing), adj. remarkably fine 
or large. 

stunt (stunt), v.t. to check in growth 
or progress : v.i. to become stunted : 
n. a check in growth ; something 



stunted; an allotted task; a per- 
formance. 

stupe (sttip), n. flax, flannel, &c., 
steeped in warm water or medica- 
ments, used as a compress, &c. 

stupefacient (-e-fa'shi-ent), n. a 
narcotic. 

stupefaction (-fak'shun), n. the act 
of stupefying; state of being stupe- 
fied; insensibility; torpor; stupid- 
ity. 

stupefactive('tiv), adj. causing stu- 
pefaction. 

stupefier ('e-fl-er), n. one who, or 
that which, stupefies. 

stupefy Ce-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. stu- 
pefied, p.pr. stupefying], to deprive 
of sensibility ; make stupid ; dull. 

stupendous (-pen'dus), adj. over- 
coming the senses by its vastness;, 
astonishing. 

stupid Cpid), adj. deficient in under- 
standing; insensible; dull; silly; 
nonsensical. 

stupidity ('i-ti), n. extreme dulness 
of perception or understanding; 
crass ignorance ; folly. 

stupor ('per), n. suspension or great 
diminution of sensibility; numb- 
ness ; lethargy ; intellectual insensi- 
bility. 

sturdily (ster'dim), adv. in a sturdy 
manner. 

sturdiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being sturdy. 

sturdy ('i), adj. hardy; robust; 
stout; strong; stubborn; vigorous; 
forcible. 

sturgeon ('jun), n. a large, cartilag- 
inous fish of the genus Acipenser, 
the roes of certain species of which 
are made into caviare, and isin- 
glass from the air-bladder. 

stutter (stut'er), v.i. to speak with 
hesitation or stammering : v.t. to 
. utter in a stammering manner : n. 
hesitation or stammering in speech. 
Also stuttering. 

sty (sti), n. a pen or enclosure for 
swine ; a filthy or mean place ; a 
kind of boil upon the eyelid : v.t, 
[p.t. & p.p. stied, p.pr. stying], to 
shut up in a filthy or mean place. 

Stygian (stij'i-an), adj. pertaining 
to the Styx, the river of Hades, 
over which the dead were ferried 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



sty 



772 



avib 



by the boatman Charon : hence in- 
fernal ; hellish. 

style (stil), n» a pointed instrument 
used by the ancients for writing 
upon wax tablets ; the gnomon of a 
dial ; appellation or title ; distinc- 
tive manner of writing with regard 
to the choice of words, &c. ; manner 
of speaking ; characteristic mode of 
■expression or execution ; method of 
reckoning time ; fashion ; manner ; 
the stalk between the ovary and 
stigma of a flower ; a probe : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. styled, p.pr. styling], to 
designate or name. 

styliform. ('i-form), adj. like a style. 

stylisL. ('ish), adj. fashionable; 
modis-h. 

stylist Cist), n. sl master of literary 

' style. 

stylobate ('6-bat), n. an uninter- 
rupted , base below a range of col- 
umns. 

stylograph ('6-graf), w. a stylo- 
graphic pen. 

stylograpliic (-graf'ik), adj. per- 
taining to, or used in, a stylographic 
pen, or stylography. 

stylography (sti-log'ra-fi), n. a 
method of writing or tracing by 
means of a style. 

styloid ('loid), adj. resembling a 
style or pen ; pertaining to a par- 
ticular bone. 

styptic (stip'tik), adj. stopping 
bleeding. 

styracine (stir'a-sin), n. a crystal- 
line substance obtained from storax. 
Also styracin. 

suable (sti'a-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing, or liable to be, sued. 

suant ('ant), adj. uniform; level. 

suasible (swa'si-bl), adj. easily per- 
suaded. 

suasion ('zhun), n. persuasion. 

suasive ('siv), adj. persuasive. 

suave (swav), adj. pleasant in man- 
ner. 

suavity (swav'i-ti), n. urbanity; 
gentleness. 

sub, prefix meaning under, "beneath, 
delotv, slightly. 

subacid (sub-as'id), ckZ;. slightly acid. 

subaltern (-awl'tern), n. a commis- 
sioned officer under the rank of cap- 
tain : adj. inferior. 



subalternate (-ter'nat), adj. succes- 
sive. 

subdue (-du'), v.t. to overcome or 
conquer ; vanquish ; reduce ; lower ; 
tone down. 

subjacent (sub-ja'sent), adj. lying 
under or below; situated lower but 
not directly beneath. 

subject Cjekt), adj. under the power 
or control of another ; subordinate ; 
disposed ; liable : n. one who is under 
the power or control of another ; 
that which is treated in writing, 
speaking, &c. ; theme ; topic ; de- 
sign ; a dead body for dissection ; 
substance ; material ; theme of a 
proposition : the Ego, as distin- 
guished from the non-Ego or object ; 
theme of a movement [Music] : v.t. 
sub-jekt') to bring under the power 
or control of; render subordinate; 
enslave ; subjugate ; render liable ; 
expose. 

subjection (-jek'shun), n. the act of 
subjecting ; state of being subjected. 

subjective ('tiv), adj. pertaining to 
the subject as opposed to the object ; 
derived from one's own conscious- 
ness. 

subjectively (-li), adv, in a subjec- 
tive manner. 

subjectiveness (-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being subjective. Also 
subjectivity. 

subjectivism ('iv-izm), n. the philo- 
sophical doctrine that knowledge is 
relative or purely subjective. 

subjoin (-join'), v.t. to affix. 

subjugate ('ju-gat), v.t. to conquer 
by force ; bring under dominion. 

subjugation (-ga'shun), n. the act 
of subjugating ; state of being subju- 
gated. 

subjugator ('ju-ga-ter), n, one who 
subjugates. 

subjunctive (-jungk'tiv), adj. not- 
ing a form of the verb expressive of 
contingency, condition, or hypothe- 
sis. 

sublimate ('li-mat), v.t. to convert 
(a solid) by heat into vapor, which 
on cooling returns to the solid state ; 
refine and exalt. 

sublimation (-ma'shun), n. the act 
of sublimating. 

sublime (-lim'), adj. awakening feel- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



sub 



773 



snb 



ings of awe and reverence ; high in 
place or excellence ; exalted in na- 
ture ; elevated in manner or style : 
n. that which is awe-inspiring in 
works of nature or art as distin- 
guished from the beautiful (with 
tJie) : v.t. to dignify or exalt; ren- 
der noble : v.L to be capable of sub- 
limation. 
sublimely ('li), adv. in a sublime 

manner. 
sublimity (-lim'i-ti), n. loftiness of 
style or sentiment; elevation.; moral 
grandeur ; excellence. Also sublime- 
ness. 
submarine ( sub-ma-rine' ) , adj. lo- 
cated or found under the sea ; h. a 
1 oat so built and fitted that it can 
travel under the water, used priuei- 
pally for purposes of war. 
submerge (-merj'), "y-*. to place un- 
der water ; overwhelm : v.i. to be, or 
lie, under water. 

,_ submersion (-mer'shun), n. the act 

jto of submerging ; state of being sub- 

P merged. Also submergence. 

submission (-mish'un), n. the act of 
submitting or yielding ; obedience. 

, submissive (-mis'iv), adj. yielding 
to authority ; obedient ; humble. 
submit (-mit'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sub- 
mitted, p.pr. submitting], to yield to 
the authority of another ; surren- 
der ; resign ; refer to judgment or 
discretion ; comply with : v.i. to be 
subject; yield. 
«nbmultiple (-mul'ti-pl), n. a num- 
ber or quantity which is contained 
in another a certain number of times 
exactly, as 4 is the submultiple of 28. 
subordinate (-or'di-nat), adj. infe- 
rior in rank, value, power, or im- 
portance : n. one who is inferior to 
another in rank, &c. : v.t. to place in 
a lower order ; render subject. 
-subordinately (-li), adv. in a sub- 
ordinate manner. 
-subordination (-na'shun), n. the 
act of subordinating or placing in a 
lower order ; subjection ; state of 
being subordinate; inferiority of 

" rank, position, &c. 

suborn (-6rn')j v.t. to procure or in- 
duce to commit perjury ; procure by 

jL indirect means or by secret collu- 

P sion. 



subornation (-6r-na'shun), n. the 
act of inducing a person to commit 
perjury by bribes or persuasion. 

subpoena (-pe'na), n. a writ com- 
manding the attendance of a person 
in court as a witness under a pen- 
alty : v.t. to serve with a subpoena. 

subscribe (-skrib'), v.t. to write or 
annex (one's name) to a paper or 
document; give or promise (a sum 
of money) for some object by writ- 
ing one's name; publish (a book) 
by subscription : v.i. to give consent. 

subscription (-skrip'shun), n. the 
act of subscribing ; name subscribed;, 
signature ; sum of money subscribed. 

subsequence ('se-kwens), n. the act 
or state of being subsequent. 

subsequent ('se-kwent), adj. follow- 
ing or coming after in time or or- 
der ; posterior. 

subserve (-serv'), v.t. to be subservi- 
ent to ; promote ; serve instrumen- 
tally. 

subsesqui, prefix, meaning comhinO' 
tion in the proportion of two to 
three. 

subsessile (-ses'il), adj. having very 
short foot-stalks. 

subside (-sid'), v.i. to sink or fall to 
the bottom ; tend downwards ; set- 
tle ; abate ; become tranquil or calm. 

subsidence ('ens), n. the act of sub- 
siding or sinking down ; downward 
tendency. 

subsidiarily (-sid'i-a-ri-li), adv. so 
as to assist. 

subsidiary ('i-a-ri), udj. auxiliary: 
furnishing additional supplies : n. an 
auxiliary. 

subsidize ('si-diz), v.t. to furnish 
with a subsidy. 

subsidy ('si-di), n. {pi. subsidies 
(-diz)], pecuniary aid granted by 
one government to another, especial- 
ly for war expenses ; public grant or 
subvention to aid an enterprise for 
the public convenience. 

subsist (-sist'), v.i. to have exist- 
ence ; to retain the present state ; 
inhere ; have the means of livelihood. 

subsistence ('ens), n. means of sup- 
port ; maintenance ; livelihood ; in- 
herence. 

substance ( 'stans ) , n. matter or ma- 
terial ; characteristic and essential 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; booiv 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



snb 



774 



part of anything ; purport ; wealth 
or property. 

substantial (-stan'shal), adj. be- 
longing to, or having, substance ; 
containing the essential parts ; solid ; 
material ; corporeal ; having consid- 
erable wealth or property : n.pl. es- 
sential parts. 

substantially (-11), adv. in a sub- 
stantial manner ; essentially. 

substantiate ('shi-at), v.t. to estab- 
lish the truth of by proof or compe- 
tent evidence. 

substantival (-stan-ti'val), adj. per- 
taining to, or of the nature of, a 
substantive. 

substantive ('stan-tiv), atZ;. express- 
ing existence ; real ; essential : n. 
that part of speech which expresses 
the existence of anything material 
or immaterial ; noun. 

substantively (-li), adv. in a sub- 
stantive maner ; essentially ; as a 
substantive or noun. 

substitute ('sti-ttit), v.t. to put in 
the place of another ; change : n. one 
who, or that which, is put in the 
place of another. 

substitution (-tti'shun), n. the act 
of substituting; state of being sub- 
stituted. 

subsume (-siim'), v.t. to include un- 
der a more general class or under 
something else. 

subtangent (-tan'jent), n. the part 
of the axis of a curve intercepted 
between the tangent and the ordi- 
nate. 

subtend (-tend'), v.f. to extend un- 
der or be opposite to. 

subter, a prefix meaning under. 

subterfuge ('ter-ftij), n. an evasion 
or artifice ; trick ; shift. 

subterranean (-ra'ne-an), adj. be- 
low the surface or beneath the earth. 
Also subterraneous. 

subtile (sub'til or sut'l), adj. thin; 
delicately constructed ; fine ; deli- 
cate ; refined ; acute ; cunning ; art- 
ful. 

subtilely (-li), adv. in a subtile man- 
ner. 

subtileness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being subtile. Also sub- 
tility. 



subtle (sut'l), adj. artful; insinuat- 
ing; crafty. 

subtlety (-ti), n. acuteness of intel- 
lect ; cunning ; shrewdness. Subtle- 
ness. 

subtract (-trakt'), v.t. to withdraw 
or take away, as a part from a 
whole ; deduct. 

subtraction (-trak'shun), n. the act 
of subtracting. 

subtractive ('tiv), adj. tending, or 
having power, to subtract. 

subtrabend ('tra-hend) , n. the quan- 
tity «t number to be subtracted from 
another. 

subtriple (-trip'l), adj. containing a 
third. 

subulate (sil'bu-lat), adj. awl-shaped. 

suburb (sub'erb), n. an outlying dis- 
trict of a city or town ; environs 
(usually pi.). 

suburban (-er'ban), adj. pertaining 
to, in, or living within, the suburbs. 

subvention (-ven'shun), n. a gov- 
ernment grant or subsidy. 

subversion (-ver'shun), n. the act of 
subverting; overthrow; ruin. 

subversive ('siv), adj. tending to 
subvert. 

subvert (-vert'), v.t. to turn upside 
down ; ruin ; overthrow ; corrupt. 

subvertible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
being subverted. 

subway .(Va), n. an underground 
passage. 

sue, another form of sub. 

succeed (suk-sed'), v.t. to take the 
place of ; follow : v.i. to follow in 
order ; obtain one's wishes ; be suc- 
cessful ; accomplish something at- 
tempted ; end with advantage ; pros- 
per. 

success (-ses'), n. the prosperous ter- 
mination of any enterprise ; pros- 
perity. 

successful (-fool) , adj. ending in suc- 
cess ; prosperous ; fortunate. 

successfully (-li), adv. in a success- 
ful manner. 

succession ('shun), n. the act of fol- 
lowing in order ; lineage ; act or right 
of coming in the place of another ; 
rotation, as of crops. 

successional (-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or implying, succession ; consecu- 
tive. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



sue 



775 



snf 



successive ('iv), adj. following in 
uninterrupted order ; legitimate ; 
consecutive. 

successively (-li), adv. consecutive- 
ly. 

successor ('er), n. one who succeeds 
01 follows in the place or character 
of another. 

succinct (-singkt'), adj. tersely ex- 
pressed. 

succor ('er), v.t. to help or relieve 
when in difficulty or distress ; aid : 
n. relief; aid. 

succotash C'o-tash) , n. a dish of green 
maize and beans boiled together. 

succula ('u-la), n. an axis or cylin- 
der without a drum, with staves to 
move it round. 

succulence ('u-lens), n. juiciness. 

succulent ('u-lent), adj. juicy: said 
of plants replete with juices. 

succumb (-kum'), v.i, to yield; sub- 
mit. 

succursal (-ker'sal), adj. annexed 
and assistant, as a chapel of ease. 

sucli (such), adj. the same that, or as 
referred to ; denoting a particular 
person or thing ; certain ; very great. 

suck (tiuk), v.t. to draw in with the 

» mouth : v.i. to draw milk from the 
breast : n. the act of sucking ; milk 
drawn from the breast. . 

sucker ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, sucks ; piston of a pump ; a 
tube through which anything is 
drawn ; shoot of a plant from the 
lower part of the stem ; a sweet. 

sucking ('ing), adj. drawing with 
the mouth or with an instrument ; 
very yonng. 

suckle ( '1 ) , v.t. to nurse at the breast. 

suckling ('ling), n. an unweaned 
child or animal. 

sucrose (sU'kros), n. cane-sugar. 
; suction (suk'shun), n. the act or pro- 
cess of sucking; act of drawing 
fluids by the removal of the atmos- 
pheric pressure. 

suctorial (-to'ri-al), adj. adapted to, 
or living by, sucking. 

sudarium (sti-da'ri-um), n. the cloth 
on which Christ is said to have mi- 
raculously impressed his image when 
He wiped his face with it on the 
way to Calvary. 



sudation ('shun), n. the act of sweat- 
ing. 

sudatorium (-to'ri-um), n. a sweat- 
ing-bath. 

sudden (sud'n), adj. happening un- 
expectedly ; instantaneous ; without 
notice ; quick. 

sudoriferous (sti-dor-if'er-us), adj. 
secreting perspiration. 

sudorific (-if'ik), adj. causing per- 
spiration : n. a medicine producing 
such an effect. 

Sudra (soo'dra), n. the lowest of the 
four great castes into which the 
Hindus are divided. Also Soodra. 

suds (sudz), n.'pl. soapy water. 

sudsy (sud'zi), adj. like suds. 

sue (sii), v.t. to prosecute at law: v.i. 
to entreat ; beg ; petition ; pay court ; 
institute legal proceedings (with 
for). 

suet Cet), n. the hard fat around the 
kidneys and loins of sheep and oxen. 

su2er (suf'er), v.t. to feel with a 
sense of pain; undergo; bear; be af- 
fected by ; allow ; tolerate : v.i. to 
feel pain or punishment ; be in dis- 
tress ; endure loss or injury. 

su^erable (-a-bl), adj. that may be 
allowed or tolerated ; permissible. 

sufferance (-fer'ans), n. patience 
under pain ; toleration ; negative 
consent ; permission. 

suffering ('ing), n, the state of en- 
during physical or mental pain ; dis' 
tress ; loss or injury endured. 

su£5.ce ("is'), v.i. to be sufficient: v.t, 
to satisfy. 

sui^ciency (-ish'en-si), n. the state 
or quality of being sufficient ; com- 
petence ; self-confidence ; conceit. 

suilicient ('ent), adj. equal to any 
end or purpose ; adequate ; compe- 
tent. 

suffix ('iks), n. a letter or syllable 
added at the end of a word ; affix : 
v.t. (suf-iks') to add, as a letter or 
syllable at the end of a word. 

suffocate ('6-kat), v.t. to choke by 
stopping respiration ; smother ; stifle. 

suffocation (-ka'shun), n. the act of 
suffocating; state of being sufEo- 
cated. 

suffrage ('raj), n. vote, or right to 
vote ; franchise ; voice or vote given 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not : boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, tliQjx. 



snf 



776 



sul 



on a controverted subject : pi. united 
prayer of a congregation. 

suffragette ('ra-get), n. a woman 
who seeks equal suffrage or tbc 
right to vote. 

STLffnse (-fuz'), v.t. to spread over as 
with a fluid or a color. 

sugar (shoog'er), n. a sweet crystal- 
line substance obtained from the 
sugar-cane, beet, &c. ; any substance 
resembling sugar ; flattery : adj. per- 
taining to, like, made of, or yield- 
ing, sugar ; sweet : v.t. to sprinkle or 
mix with sugar ; sweeten ; flatter. 

sugariness ('er-i-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being sweet or like 
sugar. 

sugary ( 'er-i ) , adj. like, composed of, 
or fond of, sugar ; sweet. 

suggest (sug-jesf or suj-est'), v.t. to 
introduce indirectly to the mind or 
thoughts ; hint ; insinuate ; allude or 
refer to : v.i. to make suggestions. 

suggestion (-jes'chun), n. the act of 
suggesting ; thing suggested ; hint. 

suggestive ('tiv), adj. containing, or 
full of, suggestion. 

suggestively (-li), adv. by way of 
suggestion. 

suicidal (su'i-sid-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or partaking of, suicide, 

suicidally (-i), adv. in a suicidal 
manner. 

suicide ('i-sid), n. a person who kills 
himself ; self-murder ; ruin of one's 
own interests. 

suint (swint), n. a peculiar fatty sub- 
stance obtained from sheep's wool. 

suit (silt), n. a set of things corre- 
spondent to each other, as of the 
same kind ; petition or prayer ; 
courtship ; one of four sets of a pack 
of cards : an action or process at 
law for the recovery of a right or 
claim : v.t. to be fitted to ; fall in 
with ; accommodate ; please : v.i. to 
correspond or accord ; agree. 

suitability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being suitable. Also 
suitableness. 

suitable ('a-bl), adj. fitting; appro- 
priate. 

suitably ('a-bli), adv. in a suitable 
manner. 

suite (swet), n. a retinue or compa- 



ny ; series ; set, as of rooms, furni- 
ture, &c_. 

suitor (sut'er), n. a petitioner; sup- 
plicant ; lover_; party to a lawsuit. 

sulcate (sul'kat), adj. grooved. 

sulk (sulk), v.i. to be sulky. 

sulkily ('i-li), adv. in a sulky man- 
ner. 

sulkiness ('i-nes), n. the state of be- 
ing sulky. 

sulky ('i), adj. [comp. sulkier, su- 
perl, sulkiest], silently sullen: n. a 
kind of two-wheeled carriage. 

sullen (sul'en), adj. morosely silent; 
gloomily angry ; dismal ; heavy. 

sully ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sullied,. 
p.pr. sullying], to tarnish or soil; 
dirty ; stain : n. a tarnish or stain. 

sulpbate ('fat), n. a salt of sulphu- 
ric acid. 

sulpkide ('fid), n. a compound of 
sulphur with a metal or other ele- 
ment. 

sulphite ('fit), n. a salt of sulphur- 
ous acid. 

sulpkur ('fer), n. a non-metallic ele- 
ment, brittle and of a yellow color^ 
insoluble in water, but fusible by 
heat. 

sulphurate (-at), v.t. to combine 
with, or subject to the action of, 
sulphur : adj. pertaining to, or of 
the color of, sulphur. 

sulpkurator ('fer-a-ter), n. an ap- 
paratus for bleaching by the fumes 
of sulphur. 

sulphureous (-fu're-us), adj. con- 
sisting of, impregnated with, or hav- 
ing the qualities of, sulphur. Also 
sulphurous. 

sulphuret, same as sulphide. 

sulphuretted ('fii-ret-ed), adj. com- 
bined with sulphur. 

sulphuric (-fu'rik), adj. obtained 
from, or containing, sulphur. 

sulphuric acid (as'id), n. a heavy, 
corrosive liquid composed of sul- 
phur, oxygen, and water ; oil of 
vitriol. 

sulphurous acid ('fti-rus as'id), n. 
an acid composed of 2 parts of oxy- 
gen and 2 parts of sulphur. 

sulphury ('fer-i), adj. like sulphur. 

sultan ('tan), n. the title of a Mo- 
hammedan sovereign, especially the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



snl 



777 



snp 



sovereign of the Ottoman Empire. 
Feminine sultana. 

sultanate ('tan-at), n. the rule or 
dominion of a sultan. 

snltauship ('tan-ship), n. the oflfice, 
rank, or dignity of a sultan. 

sultrily Ctri-li), adv. oppressively. 

sultriness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being sultry. 

sultry ('tri), adj. [comp. sultrier, 
superl. sultriest], very hot, close, 
and oppressive; close and heavy 
with a moist heat. 

sum (sum), n. the aggregate of two 
or more things taken together ; 
whole ; total ; quantity of money ; 
substance ; compendium ; utmost de- 
gree; arithmetical problem for solu- 
tion : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. summed, p.pr. 
summing], to add into one amount; 
condense into few words. 

sumac (sti'mak), n. a plant or shrub 
the dried leaves and roots of which 
are used in tanning, dyeing, and 
medicine. 

summarily (sum'a-ri-li), adv. in a 
short way or method; concisely. 

summarize ('a-riz), v.t. to state con- 
cisely. 

summary ('a-ri), adj. brief; laconic; 
compendious; done in a short way 
or method : n. an abridgment ; com- 
pendium. 

summation (-a'shun), n. the act of 
forming a total ; aggregate. 

summer ('er), n. that part of the 
year which comprises the hottest 
months, June, July, and August ; a 
large piece of timber to receive the 
ends of the joists ; horizontal girder : 
v.i. to pass the summer : v.t. to feed 
or keep during the summer. 

summit ('it), n. the top or highest 
point. 

summon ('un), v.t. to cite or call by 
authority ; command to appear in 
court ; invite ; rouse to exertion : 
n.pl. a citation to appear in court on 
a certain day ; document containing 
such a citation ; authoritative call. 

sumpit (sum'pit), n. the poisoned ar- 
row used with a sumpitan. 

svmpitan ('pi-tan), n. a kind of long 
blowpipe, used by the Malays. 

sumptuary (sump'tti-a-ri), adj. per- 
taining to, or regulating, expense. 



sumptuary laivs (lawz), n.pl. laws 
to limit excessive expenditure on 
dress or other luxuries. 

sumptuous ('tu-us), adj. expensive; 
costly ; luxurious ; magificent. 

sun (sun), n. the luminous body 
around which the earth, and other 
planets, &c., of the solar system re- 
volve : the source of light and heat 
to the earth ; any center of a system 
of worlds ; anything like the sun in 
splendor or power ; sunshine : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. sunned, p.pr. sunning], 
to expose to the sun's rays ; warm 
or dry in the sun. 

Sunday ('da), n. the first day of the 
week, the Christian Sabbath, or 
Lord's Day : adj. pertaining to Sun- 
day. 

sunder ('der), v.t. to divide or rend, 

sundew ('dti), n. a plant of the 
genus Drosera, whose leaves secrete 
a dew-like viscid fluid. 

sundries ('driz), n.pl. numerous 
small or miscellaneous articles or 
matters. 

sundry ('dri), adj. various; several. 

sung, p.p. of sing. 

sunk, p.t. & p.p. of sink. 

sunken (sungk'en), adj. lying on the 
bottom of the sea ; fallen or pressed 
down. 

sunn (sun), n. an East Indian plant, 
the fiber of which is used as a sub- 
stitute for hemp. 

Sunna ('a), n. a collection of oral 
laws and precepts of Mohammed 
handed down by tradition, and es- 
teemed as of equal value with the 
Koran by the Sunnites. 

sunniness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being sunny. 

Sunnites ('its), n.pl. the orthodox 
Mohammedans who regard the Sun- 
na as equally binding with the Ko- 
ran. 

sunny ('i), adj. pertaining to, like, 
proceeding from, or exposed to, the 
sun ; bright ; warm ; cheerful. 

sunshine ('shin), n. the light or rays 
of the sun; warmth; brightness. 

sunstroke ('strok), n. a kind of 
apoplexy, caused by the intense heat 
of the sun's rays. 

sun-up Cup), n. sunrise. 

sup (sup), v.t. \vJl & p.p. supped. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n®rth, not ; boon, 
book ; hiie, hut ; think, figc. 



A 



Snp 



778 



sup 



p.pr. supping], to take into the 
mouth with the lips ; sip : vA. to 
take supper : n, a small mouthful, as 
of a liquid ; sip. 

snper, preftao meaning over, alove, le- 
yond, in excess. 

superannuate (sti-per-an'u-at) , v.t. 
to pension on account of old age or 
infirmity. 

superannuation (-u-a'shun), n. the 
state of being superannuated ; pen- 
sion granted to one who is superan- 
nuated. 

superb (su-perb') , adj. grand ; proud ; 
stately ; elegant ; first-rate ; sumptu- 
ous. 

supercargo (su-per-kar'go), w. a per- 
son or officer in a merchant vessel 
who superintends the cargo and 
commercial affairs of a ship during 
its voyage. 

superciliary (-sil'i-a-ri), adj. per- 
taining to, or situated above, the 
eyebrow. 

supercilious ('i-us), adj. haughty; 
proud ; disdainful ; dictatorial ; over- 
bearing. 

super ciliuni (-sil'i-um), n. the eye- 
brow. 

supererogation (-er-o-ga'shun), n. 
the performance of more than is re- 
quired by duty. 

supererogatory (-e-rog'a-to-ri), adj. 
performed beyond what "is required 
by duty. 

superficial (-fish'al), adj. pertaining 
to, or being on the surface ; slight ; 
not deep ; unlearned. 

superficiality (-i-al'i-ti), ^. the state 
or quality of being superficial ; 
slight knowledge. Also superficial- 
ness. 

superficies (-fish'i-ez), n. superficial 
area or exterior face of a body. 

superfluity (-floo'i-ti), n. [pi. super- 
fluities (-tiz)], superabundance; ex- 
cess. 

superfluous ('floo-us), adj. more 
than enough or necessary ; excessive. 

Buperfrontal (-fron'tal), n. that 
part of an altar-cloth which hangs 
over the frontal. 

superheat (-hef), v.t. to heat to an 
extreme degree; heat (steam) until 
it resembles a perfect gas. 

superinduce (-in-dtis'), v.t. to bring 

ate, arm, ask, al^awl 



in or upon as an addition to some- 
thing else ; superadd. 

superintend (-in-tend'), v.t. to have, 
or exercise the charge or oversight 
of ; direct or control. 

superintendence (-ten'dens), n. su- 
pervision ; oversight ; control. 

superintendent ('dent), n. one who 
superintends ; overseer. 

superior (su-pe'ri-or), adj. higher or 
above in place, position, rank, dig- 
nity, office, or excellence ; stronger ; 
surpassing others ; unconquered ; 
preferable ; beyond the power or in- 
fluence of ; placed above another or- 
gan : n. one who is superior to oth- 
ers ; one of higher rank or position ; 
head of a religious house. 

superiority (-i-or'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being superior ; preemi- 
nence ; advantage. 

superlative (-per'la-tiv), adj. supe- 
rior to all others ; highest in degree : 
n. a word expressing the highest de- 
gree of anything. 

superlatively (-li), adv. in a super- 
lative manner. 

superlativeness (-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being superlative. 

supernal ('nal), adj. pertaining to, 
or situated in, a higher place or re- 
gion; celestial. 

supernatural (-nat'u-ral), adj. be- 
yond, or exceeding, the powers or 
laws of nature. 

supernaturalism (-izm), n. the 
state or quality of being supernatu- 
ral ; the doctrine that revelation is 
the only means by which man ac- 
quires the knowledge of God. 

supernaturalist (-ist), n. one who 
believes in the doctrine of supernat- 
uralism. 

super naturally (-li), adv. in a su- 
pernatural manner. 

supernumerary (-ntim'er-i-ri), n. 
[pi. supernumeraries (-riz)], a per- 
son or thing beyond the stated or 
required number : adj. exceeding the 
number stated- or required. 

superphosphate (-fos'fat), n. a 
phosphate containing the greatest 
quantity of phosphoric acid capable 
of entering into combination with 
the base. 

superroyal (-roi'al), adj. noting a 



me 

bOQ 



merge, met 
hue, hut ; 



mite, 
think, 



mit ; 
tliQ-a. 



note, north, not ; boon, 



I 



9ap 



779 



snp 



I 



size of paper larger than royal, 27% 
X 201/2 in. 

superscribe (-skrib'), v.t. to write 
or inscribe, or engrave on the out- 
side or top. 

superscription (-skrip'shun), n, the 
act of superscribing; the address or 
direction. 

supersede (-sed'), v.i. to set aside or 
render null and void by superior 
power ; come into, or take, the place 
of. 

superstition (-stish'un), n. rever- 
ence for, and belief in, the super- 
natural, or objects which are not 
worthy of worship ; false worship or 
religion ; extreme observance of re- 
ligious rites or ceremonies. 

superstitious ('us), adj. pertaining 
to, characterized by, proceeding 
from, or addicted to superstition ; 
overscrupulous and extreme in re- 
ligious rites or ceremonies. 

superstructure (-struk'tur), «. any- 
thing built or founded on something 
else ; a building. 

supertonic (-ton'ik), w. in music, the 
note next above the keynote. 

supervene (-ven'), v.l. to come upon 
as something extraneous ; occur. 

supervise (-viz'), v.t. to oversee. 

supervision (-vish'un), n. the act of 
supervising ; superintendeTi^:e. 

supervisor (-yiz'er), v*,. an overseer. 

supervisory (-vizo-ri), adj. exercis- 
ing supervision. 

supine (sti-pin'), adj. lying on the 
back ; indolent ; careless ; inatten- 
tive; negligent: n. a Latin verbal 
noun, ending in urn, and u. 

supinely ('li), adv. in a supine man- 
ner. 

supineness ('nes), n. the state or 
quality of being supine. 

■supper (sup'er), n. the evening meal. 

supplant (-plant'), v.t. to displace 
and take the place of, as by craft ; 
supersede. 

supple ('!), adj. flexible; yielding; 
servile : v.t. to make supple : v.i. to 
grow pliant. 

.supplement ('le-ment), v.t. to add 
something to ; fill up or supply : n. 
something added to render anything 
more complete or supply defects or 
errors; appendix; the quantity by 



which an arc or angle falls short of 
a semicircle. 

supplemental (-men'tal), adj. serv- 
ing as a supplement ; additional. 
Supplementary. 

suppleness (sup'1-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being supple; pliancy, 

suppliant (sup'li-ant), adj. beseech- 
ing; entreating; suing: n. one who 
supplicates ; humble petitioner. Also 
supplicant. 

supplicate (-kat), v.t. to ask or beg 
humbly and earnestly; address in 
prayer ; beseech ; implore. 

supplication (-ka'shun), n. the act 
of supplicating ; humble and earnest 
prayer or entreaty. 

supplicatory ('li-ka-to-ri), adj. per- 
taining to, containing, or of the na- 
ture of, supplication. 

supplier (-li'er), n. one who, or that 
which, supplies. 

supply (-li'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sup- 
plied, p.pr. supplying], to furnish 
with what is required ; provide ; 
serve instead of ; fill : n. [pi. supplies 
(-liz')], the act of supplying; thing 
supplied; amount of money or food 
required for daily necessaries, as of 
an army, &Co (usuallv pJ.}. 

sn::^port (-port';, v.c. to sustain; 
bear up ; endure ; uphold ; f a^vor ; 
second ; incur ; carry on ; provide 
for or nourish : n. the act of sup- 
porting ; that which supports ; main- 
tenance ; livelihood ; aid. 

suppose (-poz'), v.t. to imagine; ad- 
mit without proof ; assume as true ; 
think. 

supposition (-p6-zish'un), n. the act 
of supposing; thing supposed; as- 
sumption. 

supposititious (-poz-i-tish'us) , adj. 
supposed or imaginary ; not genuine ; 
counterfeit. 

suppository (-poz'i-to-ri), n. a med- 
icated mass, usually in the form of 
a cone, for introduction into some 
cavity of the body, where it dis- 
solves. 

suppress (-pres'), v.t. to subdue; 
crush ; keep in or down ; quell ; con- 
ceal ; restrain the publication of ; 
arrest the normal secretions of. 

suppression (-presh'un), n. the act 



I 



tXe, arm, Ssk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; notes, nOrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, but; think, then. 



Snp 



780 



of suppressing ; stoppage ; conceal- 
ment I omission. 

suppressive (-pres'iv), adj. tending 
to suppress. 

suppressor ('er), n. one who sup- 
presses. 

suppurate ('ti-rat), v.i. to generate 
pus. 

suppuration (-ra'shun), n. the act 
of generating pus ; pus genera.ted in 
a sore. 

suppurative ('u-ra-tiv), adj. tending 
to produce, or accompanied by, sup- 
puration : n. a medicine to pj'omote 
suppuration. 

supra, a prefix meaning alove, he- 
yond, over, as si/pralapsarian. 

supremacy (sti-prem'a-si), n. the 
state or quality of being supreme ; 
highest authority. 

supreme (-prem'), adj. highest in 
power or authority ; most excellent ; 
extreme ; utmost. 

supremely ('li), adv. in a supreme 
manner. 

sur, a preflop. meaning over, teyond, 
ahove, upon, as surcharge (ser- 
charj'), n. an excessive charge, load, 
or burden ; an overcharge beyond 
what is just and right : v.t. to charge 
more than is due ; overload. 

surah (soo'ra), n. a soft, twilled silk 
fabric. 

surat (soo-rat'), n. a kind of short 
coarse cotton._ 

surbase (ser'bas), n. a cornice, or 
series of moldings, on the top of the 
base of a pedestal, &c. 

surcingle ('sing-gl), n. a girth, belt, 
or girdle for passing around the body 
of a horse and securing the saddle 
or some burden, &c. ; girdle of a 
cassock. 

sur coat ('kot), n. a coat worn over 
another coat or garment. 

surd (serd), n. a mathematical 
quantity that cannot be expressed 
by rational numbers, or has no root, 
as -^3 : adj. not expressible by ra- 
tional numbers ; involving surds ; 
uttered with the breath. 

sure (shoor), adj. fit to be depended 
upon ; certain ; reliable ; infallible ; 
firm ; safe : adv. certainly ; securely. 

surely ('li), adv. certainly; without 
risk, hazard, or doubt. 



sureness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being sure ; certainty. 

surety ('ti), n. \_pl- sureties ('tiz)], 
certainty ; security against loss or 
damage ; guarantee ; hostage ; one 
who becomes jointly bound with an- 
other ; bail. 

suretyship (-ship), n. the state of 
being surety ; obligation of being 
bound to answer for another. 

surf (serf), n. the swell of the sea 
that breaks and foams upon the 
shore or the rocks. 

surface (ser'fas), w. the exterior part 
or upper face of anything; super- 
ficies ; outside. 

surf -boat (serf'bot), n. a strong, 
light boat for landing through the 
surf. 

surfeit (ser'fit), n. excess in eating 
or drinking ; sickness caused by such 
excess : v.t, to feed to excess and 
sickness. 

surf -man (serf 'man), n. a boatman 
of a surf-boat. 

surfy ('i), adj. covered with surf. 

surge (serj), n. a large wave or bil- 
low ; great roll ; swell : v.i. to roll 
or rise high. 

surgeon (ser'jun), n. a medical prac- 
titioner, especially one who prac- 
tices surgery. 

surgeoncy (-si), n. the post of a sur- 
geon in the army or navy. 

surgery ('jer-i), n, the act and art of 
treating injuries or diseases by man- 
ual operations ; place where a sur- 
geon operates or keeps his medi- 
cines. 

surlily (ser'li-li), adv. in a surly 
manner. 

surliness ('i-nes), n. surly behavior. 

surly ('li), adj. [comp. surlier, sm- 
perl. surliest], gloomily morose; 
rough ; uncivil ; churlish ; snarling ; 
ill-natured. 

surmise (-miz'), n. guess or conjec- 
ture ; suspicion : v.t. to imagine 
without certain knowledge ; suspect ; 
conjecture; fancy. 

surmount (-mount'), v.t. to rise 
above ; overcome ; conquer ; van- 
quish ; exceed. 

surname ('nam), n. a name added to 
the baptismal names; family name: 
v.t. to give the family name to. 



ate,- iirm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



781 



surpass (-pas'), v.t. to exceed; ex- 
cel ; go beyond in excellence or bad- 
ness. 

surplice ('plis), n. the outer linen 
vestment with wide sleeves, worn by 
the officiating clergy and choristers 
of the Roman Catholic and Angli- 
can Churches. 

surplus ('plus), n. that which re- 
mains over and above what is re- 
quired ; excess : adj. exceeding what 
is required. 

surprise (-priz'), n. the act of taking 
unawares ; astonishment ; sudden 
emotion, confusion, or perplexity : 
v.t. to take unawares ; confuse or 
perplex ; assail unexpectedly ; aston- 
ish. 

surprise party ('par-ti), n. a party 
who visit the house of a mutual 
friend unexpectedly, each bringing 
some article of food for supper. 

surprising (-priz'ing), adj. causing 
surprise or astonishment ; extraor- 
dinary. 

surrender (-ren'der), v.t. to yield to 
the power of another ; give up on 
compulsion ; cede ; resign : v.i. to 
yield ; give up one's self into the 
power of another : n. the act of 
yielding into the power or possession 
of another ; a yielding or giving up. 

-surreptitious (-rep-tish'us), adj. 
done by stealth or fraud ; unauthor- 
ized. 

surrogate (sur'o-gat), n. the deputy 
of a bishop, who is authorized to 
issue marriage licenses. 

surround (-round'), v.t. to enclose 
on all sides ; encompass ; environ ; 
invest : n. a precipitous place where 
animals are surrounded and driven 
over and captured. 

surroyal (-roi'al), n. the crown ant- 
ler of a stag. 

surtax (ser'taks), n. an additional 
tax: v.t. (ser-taks') to impose a 
surtax on. 

surtout (-too'), n. a wide-skirted 
coat reaching below the knees. 

surveillance (val'yans), n. watch; 
oversight ; inspection. 

survey (-va'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. sur- 
veyed, p.pr. surveying], to inspect or 
take a view of ; overlook ; examine ; 
measure and estimate, as land : n. 



(ser'va), the act of surveying; par- 
ticular view or examination ; cus- 
toms district. 

surveying ('ing), n. the art or busi- 
ness of measuring land. 

surveyor ('er), n. one who surveys; 
one whose business it is to measure 
land. 

survival (-vi'val), n. continuance 
beyond the life of another ; any an- 
cient use, custom, or belief continu- 
ing to the present day. 

survive (-viv'), v.t. to live longer 
than ; outlive : v.i. to remain alive. 

survivor ('er), n. one who outlives 
another ; the longer-lived of two 
joint tenants, &c. 

survivorsMp (-ship), n. the state of 
outliving another ; a reversionary 
benefit contingent upon some sur* 
viving life. 

sus, prefiso, another form of sub. 

susceptibility ( sus-sept-i-bil'i-ti ) , n. 
the state or quality of being suscept- 
ible ; impressibility ; sensibility ; ca- 
pability. Also susceptibleness. 

susceptible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
admitting something additional, or 
any change, influence, affection, &e. ; 
easily acted upon ; impressible. Also 
susceptive. 

susceptibly ('i-bli), adv. in a sus- 
ceptible manner. 

suslik ('lik), n. a " squirrel-like ro- 
dent. 

suspect (-pekt'), v.t. to have a sus- 
picion of ; imagine, to exist ; conjec- 
ture ; mistrust: n. (sus'pekt) a per- 
son suspected to be guilty of some 
crime. 

suspend (-pend'), v.t. to make to 
hang by anything; delay; inter- 
rupt ; cause to cease for a time ; 
debar temporarily. 

suspender ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, suspends : pi. braces. 

suspense (-pens'), n. a state of un- 
certainty, doubt, or anxiety; inde- 
cision ; act of withholding the judg- 
ment ; temporary cessation of a 
man's right. 

suspensible ('i-bl), adj. capable of 
being suspended, or held from sink- 
ing. 

suspension (-pen'shun), n. the act 
of suspending ; state of being sus- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hiie, hut; think, f/(en. 



BUS 



782 



pended; a keeping in doubt; uncer- 
tainty ; delay ; interruption ; tempo- 
rary privation of power, office, priv- 
ilege, or rights ; continuation of a 
note from one chord to another 
[Music]. 

suspensor ('ser), n. something that 
suspends ; a suspensory. 

suspensory ('so-ri), adj. that sus- 
pends : n. a suspensory band, or 
pouch. 

suspicion (-pish'un), n. the act of 
suspecting ; distrust ; want of con- 
fidence ; imagination of something 
wrong on slight or insufficient proof ; 
hint; very small quantity. 

suspicious ('us), adj. full of, in- 
clined to, or cherishing, suspicion ; 
open to, or exciting, suspicion ; 
doubtful. 

sustain (-tan'), ^v.t. to hold up or 
support ; maintain ; keep ; support ; 
nourish ; bear ; endure ; strengthen. 

sustained (-tand'), adj. maintained 
at a certain pitch or level ; uniform. 

sustenance ('ten-ans), n. that which 
supports life ; food ; maintenance or 
support. 

sustentation (-ta'shun), n. the act 
of sustaining ; support or mainte- 
nance. 

sutler (sut'ler), n. a person who fol- 
lows an army and sells provisions, 
liquor, &c., to the troops. 

Sutras (soo'traz), n.pl. certain apho- 
risms summarizing the teaching of 
the Brahmans, and giving the es- 
sence of their doctrines in short, 
connected sentences. 

suttee^ (sut-e'), n. a Hindu widow 
who immolates herself on the funer- 
al pile of her deceased husband ; a 
form of widow sacrifice, formerly 
common among the Hindus, in 
which the wife was burnt with her 
deceased husband on his funeral 
pile. 

sutteeism ('izm), n. the practice or 
rite of self-immolation among Hin- 
du widows. 

sutural (su'tti-ral), adj. pertaining 
to, or situated at, a suture. 

suture Cttir), n. the drawing to- 
gether of the edges of a wound by 
sewing; lines of junction of the 






bones of the skull ; seam at the 
union of two margins of a plant. 

suzerain (su'ze-ran), n. a feudal 
lord, to whom fealty is due ; supe- 
rior or paramount ruler. 

suzerainty (-ti), n. the office, or dig- 
nity, of a suzerain ; paramount au- 
thority. 

swab (swob), n. a mop for cleaning J 
decks, floors, &c. ; clumsy person or 
lubber : v.t, [p.t. & p.p. swabbed, 
p.pr. swabbing], to rub or clean 
with a swab. 

sfxraddle (swod'l), v.t. to swathe or 
bind tightly, especially infants. 

swaddling ('ling), adj. binding 
tightly. 

swag (swag), v.i. [p.t. & p.p, 
swagged, p.pr. swagging], to sink 
down by its own weight ; hang heav- 
ily ; sag : n. an unequal, hobbling 
motion ; thieves' booty. 

swagger ('er), v.i. to bully or blus- 
ter ; strut haughtily or with affected 
superiority : n. an affected or inso- 
lent manner of walking; noisy 
boastfulness. 

swain (swan), n. a peasant; rustic 
lover ; sweetheart. 

svrallow (swol'o), n. a well-known 
migratory passerine bird ; any spe- 
cies of swift resembling the swal- 
low; groove round a tackle-block; 
the gullet or esophagus ; voracity ; 
as much as can be swallowed at 
once : v.t. to take into the stomach 
through the esophagus ; absorb ; en- 
gulf ; engage entirely ; retract ; put 
up with : v.i. to perform the act of 
swallowing. 

swalloxir-tailed (-tald), adj. like a 
swallow's tail ; having tapering or 
forked skirts. 

swam, p.t. of swim. 

swamp (swomp), n. wet or boggy 
land ; soft, low land saturated with 
water : v.t. to plunge, overwhelm, or 
sink in, or as in, a swamp ; overset 
or sink in water ; plunge into inex- 
tricable difficulties ; ruin. 

swampy ('i),) adj. consisting of, or 
like, a swamp. 

swan (swon), n. a web-footed bird of 
the genus Cygnus, with a very long 
neck, and remarkable for its grace 
in swimming. 



a*<», firm, fisk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; bOoOf 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



s^nra 



783 



I sxranskin (swon'skin), n. a kind of 
soft, fine-twilled flannel ; very thick, 
I closely-woven woolen cloth used by 
printers. 
swap (swop), v.t. Iv-t' & P-P' 
swapped, p.pr. swapping], to ex- 
change or barter : n. barter ; a blow 
or stroke : ad,v, hastily ; suddenly. 
, sward (swawrd), n. the grassy sur- 
face of land. 
swarded ('ed), adj. covered with 

sward. 
sxirare, old p.i. of swear. 
swarm, (swawrm), vA. to throng to- 
gether in a crowd ; collect and rise 
from the hive : said of bees ; breed 
multitudes ; to climb a tree, &c., by 
embracing it with the arms and legs 
alternately (with up) : n. Si cluster 
of insects, especially bees; crowd or 
multitude in motion. 
swarthily (sworth'i-li), adv. with a 

swarthy hue. 
swarthiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being swarthy. Also 
swartness. 
swarthy ('i), adj. of a dark or 
'JL tawny hue ; dark-skinned. Also 
B swart, swarth. 

B swash (swosh), n. a dashing or 
K splashing of water : v.i. to dash or 
T" splash water about. 

swashing ('ing), adj. crushing; 

slashing. 
swashy ('i), adj. soft like fruit too 

ripe. 
swath (swawth), n. a line or ridge of 
grass or grain as cut down by the 
mower ; sweep of a scythe in mow- 
ing. 
swathe (swait^), v.t. to bind with a 
bandage or roller ; wrap : n. a ban- 
dage or roller. 
sway (swa), v.t. Ip.t. & p.p. swayed, 
p.pr. swaying], to move backwards 
and forwards ; influence by power or 
moral force ; bias ; govern : v.i. to 
incline on one side; be drawn by 
weight : n. the swing or sweep of a 
weapon ; cast of the balance ; any- 
thing moving with power and bulk ; 
ru.'e; dominion; authority; con- 
^ trol ; inclination or weight on one 
P side. 

swear (swar), v.i. Ip.t. swore, 
sware, p.p. sworn, p.pr. swearing], 



to make a solemn declaration by 
appealing to God for the truth of 
what is affirmed; give evidence on 
oath ; use profane language : v.t. to 
utter or aflirm by appeal to God; 
cause to take, or bind by, an oath. 

sweat (swet), n. the moisture which 
exudes from the pores of the skin; 
toil ; exertion : v.i. to exude moisture 
through the pores of the skin ; per- 
spire ; labor ; drudge : v.t. to cause 
to sweat ; oppress by employing at 
an unfair rate of wages. 

sweating-system ('ing-sis-tem), n, 
the system by which middlemen em- 
ploy people to work at their own 
homes for unfair wages. 

Swedenborgian ( swe-den-bor'ji-an) , 
adj. pertaining to, or characteristic 
of, the doctrines of Swedenborg, a 
Swedish mystic, the founder of the 
New Jerusalem Church. 

sweep (swep), v.t. \_p.t. & p.p. swept, 
p.pr. sweeping], to brush, rub over, 
or clean, with a broom, &c. ; drive 
or carry along or off with force; 
strike with a long stroke; touch in 
passing : v.i. to pass with violence, 
speed, or pomp; pass with celerity 
or force; move along with a long 
reach : n. the act of sweeping ; gen- 
eral destruction ; range ; extent ; di- 
rection of a curve; rapid survey 
with the eye ; extent of a stroke ; 
chimney-sweeper ; large oar ; black- 
guard. 

sweepstakes ('staks) , n.pl. the whole 
money or other things staked or won 
at a horse-race or in gaming. 

sweet (swet), adj. pleasing to the 
senses, as smell, taste, &c. ; tasting 
like sugar ; luscious ; fragrant ; me- 
lodious ; soft; gentle; kind; oblig- 
ing ; loved ; not stale or putrid ; 
fresh; not salted: n. a term of en- 
dearment : n.pl. confectionery ; home- 
made wines. 

sweetbread ('bred), n. r. calf's pan- 
creas. 

sweet-briar ('bri-gr), n. a thorny 
shrub of the rose kind ; eglantine. 

sweet- corn ('korn) , n. a kind of 
maize of a sweet taste, extensively 
used as a table food. 

sweeten ('n), v.t. to make sweet; 
render mild, kind, grateful, or pleas- 



I 



fite, Urm, isk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nDrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



awe 



784 



axri 



ing ; render less painful, difficult, or 
laborious ; palliate : v.i. to become 
sweet. 

sweet-flag ('flag), n. an aromatic 
plant with sword-shaped leaves ; 
calamus. 

sweetheart ('hart), n. a lover; one 
who is the object of a lover's af- 
fection. 

sweetish ('ish), adj. somewhat sweet. 

sweetmeat ('met), n. a confection 
made wholly or partly of sugar. 

sweet-potato (-po-ta'to), n. a plant 
and its edible root ; yam. 

sweet-william (-wil'yam), n. a 
beautiful flowering plant of the pink 
kind. 

swell (swel), v.i. [p.t. swelled, p.p. 
swelled, swollen, p.pr. swelling], to 
expand or enlarge ; increase in bulk ; 
heave ; be inflated ; rise and in- 
crease by degrees ; be puffed up : 
grow in violence : v.t. to heighten ; 
cause to rise or increase ; inflate ; 
dilate : n. extension of bulk ; act or 
state of swelling; gradual increase 
of sound ; succession of large waves ; 
gradual elevation of land; a dis- 
tinguished personage ; fop : adj. 
dandified. 

swelling ('ing), p.adj. becoming in- 
flated ; turgid : n. the act of increas- 
ing in bulk ; tumor or any morbid 
enlargement. 

swelter ('ter), v.t. to perspire pro- 
fusely ; faint witlj excessive heat. 

sweltry ('tri), adj. sultry. 

swept, p.t. & p.p. of sweep. 

swerve (swerv), v.i. to turn aside 
from any prescribed line or rule of 
duty ; deviate ; incline. 

swerving ('ing), n. deviation. 

swift (swift), adj. moving far in a 
short time ; rapid ; quick ; ready ; 
sudden : adv. rapidly : n. a bird al- 
lied to the swallow; a species of 
moth ; the common newt ; current of 
a stream. 

swifter ('er), n. a rope for confining 
the bars of the capstan in their 
sockets ; the foremost or aftermost 
shroud ; a rope used as a fender to 
a boat. 

swill (swil), v.t. to drink greedily or 
grossly ; inebriate : n. drink taken 
in excessive quantities ; liquid food 



for animals, particularly the refuse 
or leavings of the kitchen, as given 
to swine. 

swim (swim), v.i. [p.t. swam, swum, 
p.p. swum, p.pr. swimming], to float 
on water or other liquid ; move pro- 
gressively in the water by the 
hands and feet ; be conveyed along 
by, or as by, a current ; glide 
smoothly ; overflow ; be dizzy : v.t. 
to cause to swim or float : n. the 
act of swimming; air-bladder of 
fishes. 

swimmer ('er), n. one who swims; 
water-spider ; water-fowl ; protuber- 
ance on a horse's leg; a kind of 
dumpling. 

sw^imming ('ing), n. the act or art 
of floating or moving progressively 
in the water by the hands and feet. 

swimmingly ('ing-li), adv. in a 
smooth, easy, gliding manner ; with 
great success or without hindrance. 

swindle (swin'dl), v.t. to cheat 
grossly and deliberately under pre- 
tense of fair dealing: n. a grossi 
fraud. 

swindling ('dling), adj. cheating 
grossly. 

swine (swin), n. any animal of the 
genus Sus with bristly skin and 
long snout ; pig. 

swing (swing), v.i. [p.t, & p.p. 
swung, p.pr. swinging], to wave or 
vibrate to and fro ; oscillate ; prac- 
tice swinging ; float round with the 
tide ; be hanged : v.t. to move to and 
fro ; wave loosely ; brandish : n. the 
act or state of swinging; contriv- 
ance for swinging to and fro; full 
course. 

swinge (swinj), v.t. to whip or 
thrash : n. sweep or swing of any- 
thing in movement ; sway ; influence. 

swingle (swing'gl), v.t. to cleanse 
(flax) by beating r v.i. to dangle: n. 
that part of a flail which strikes the 
grain. 

swingletree (-tre), n. the crossbar 
of a carriage, &c., to the ends of 
w^hich the traces of the horse are 
fastened. 

swinish (swln'i'ih), adj. pertaining 
to, like, or characteristic of, swine ; 
bestial. 

swink (swingk), v.i. to toil; drudge. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; b5oD» 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



swi 7 

SJxri-pe (swip), n. a vigorous blow at 
cricket or golf ; sweeping blow : pi. 
thin or small beer : v.i. & v.t. to de- 
liver a strong blow ; hit out with 
great force at cricket, &c. ; take and 

' carry away ; purloin. 

ts'veirl (swerl), v.i. to rush along in, 

' or form, eddies : n. a whirling or 

eddying motion. 
) swish (swish), v.t. to lash; flog. 
i Siviss (swis), adj. pertaining to 
Switzerland, its language, or its in- 
habitants. 
I switch (swich), n. a long, thin, flexi- 
ble rod ; a movable rail for trans- 
ferring a railway carriage, &c., from 
one line to another ; a device for 
connecting one electric circuit with 
another : v.t. to lash or flog ; shunt. 

Switzer (swit'ser), n. Swiss. 

swivel (swiv'l), n. something fixed 
in another body so as to turn round 
in it ; twisting link in a chain ; a 
kind of small cannon which turns 
on a pivot : v.t. & v.i. \_p.t. & p.p. 
swiveled, p.pr. swiveling], to turn 
on a swivel or pivot. 

swollen, p.p_._ of swell. 

swoon (swoon), v.i. to sink into a 
fainting fit, with apparent suspen- 
sion of the vital and mental pow- 
ers : n. the act of swooning ; syn- 
cope. 

swooning ('ing), n. the act of faint- 
ing. 

swoop (swoop), v.t. to fall upon and 
seize at once, as prey : v.i. to catch 
prey while on the wing : n. a sudden 
falling upon and seizing. 

sword (sord), n. a keen-edged weap- 
on for cutting and thrusting ; de- 
struction by war ; emblem of au- 
thority, power, justice, or ven- 
geance. 

swore, p.t. of swear. 

sworn, p.p. of swear : adj. bound by 
an oath. 

Sybarite (sib'a-rit), n. an effemi- 
nate voluptuary : from the inhabi- 
tants of Sybaris, Italy, an ancient 
Greek city noted for its luxury. 

Sybaritic (-rit'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, like, or characteristic of, a Syba- 
rite. 

sycamine (sik'a-min), n. the black 
mulberry-tree. 



b sym 

sycamore ('a-mor), n. a tree of the 
maple family ; the fig-mulberry of 
the East ; the buttonwood. 

sycee (si-se'), n. pure native silver 
cast into small hemispherical ingots 
by the "Chinese, and used as silver 
currency. 

sycophancy (sik'o-flin-si), n. obse- 
quious or servile flattery. 

sycophant ('o-fant), n. a mean or 
servile flatterer, especially of great 
men ; parasite. 

syenite (si'e-nit), n. a granitic rock 
found at Syene in Egypt. 

syllabic (sil-ab'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or consisting of, a syllable. 

syllabically (-al-li), adv. in sylla- 
bles. 

syllabify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
syllabified, p.pr. syllabifying], to 
form into syllables. 

syllable ('a-bl), n. that part of a 
word which can be uttered distinct- 
ly by a single effort of the voice ; 
anything proverbially concise. 

syllabub, same as sillibub. 

syllabus ('a-bus), n. a table of con- 
tents ; compendium of the heads oi 
a discourse ;_ abstract. 

syllogism ('o-jizm), n. an argument 
stated in logical form, consisting of 
three propositions, the first two be- 
ing called the premises and the last 
the conclusion which contains the 
matter to be proved. 

syllogistic (-jis'tik), adj. pertaining 
to, or consisting of, a syllogism. 

syllogistically (-al-li), adv. in a 
syllogistic form. 

sylph (silf), n. an imaginary being 
inhabiting the air ; fairy. 

sylvan (sil'van), adj. pertaining to, 
inhabiting, or growing in, a wood 
or grove ; rustic ; woody ; shady. 

syjn.,~prefice, another form of syn. 

symbiosis (sim-bi-o'sis), n. the more 
or less permanent united life of 
certain animal and vegetable organ- 
isms rendering mutual service to 
each other. 

symbiotic (-ot'ik), adj. pertaining 
to symbiosis. 

symbol ('bol), n. an emblem or sign 
representing something else ; type ; 
mark or character used as an ab- 
breviation : a creed. 



tte, arm, 



:, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; booor 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



sym 



786 



syn 



symbolic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, 
serving as, or of the nature of, a 
symbol : n.pl. the study of creeds. 
Also symbolical. 

symbolically (-al-Ii), adv. by sym- 
bols. 

symbolize (-iz), v.t. to represent by 
a symbol : v.i. to have a typical re- 
semblance ; agree. 

syKibolism ('bol-izm), n. the use of, 
or the being represented by, sym- 
bols ; science of creeds. 

symmetrical (-met'ri-kal), adj. hav- 
ing corresponding parts or rela- 
tions ; harmonious ; proportionate. 
Al'so symmetric. 

symmetrically (-li), adv. in a sym- 
metrical manner. 

symmetrize ('e-triz), v.t. to make 
symmetrical. 

symmetry ('e-tri), n. the due pro- 
portion of the several parts of a 
body to each other ; harmony or 
adaptation of parts -to each other ; 
proportion. 

sympathetic (-pa-thet'ik), adj. per- 
taining to, expressing, or inducing, 
sympathy ; compassionate. Also sym- 
pathetical. 

sympathetically (-al-li), adv. in a 
sympathetic manner. 

sympathize ('pa-thiz), v.i. to have a 
mutual feeling with another ; be 
compassionate. 

sympathy ('pa-thi), n. mutual feel- 
ing of pleasure or pain ; compas- 
sion ; reciprocal action of the organs 
of a body. 

symphonic (-fon'ik), adj. agreeing 
in sound ; pertaining to a sympho- 
ny. Also symphonious. 

symphony ('fo-ni), n. [pi. sympho- 
nies _ (-niz)], harmony of sound; a 
musical composition for a full band 
of instruments ; instrumental intro- 
duction or ending of a vocal com- 
position. 

symposium (-po'zi-um), n. [pi. sym- 
posia (-a)], a banquet; a drinking 
together ; merry-making _; an article 
in _ a magazine in which various 
writers express their views on some 
given topic. 

symptom (simp'tom), n. that which 
indicates the existence of something 



else of wliich it is the effect ; token 
or sign. 

symptomatic (-to-mat'ik), adj. per- 
taining to, serving as, or indicating, 
a symptom. Also symptomatica!. 

symptomatically (-al-li), adv. by 
symptoms. 

syn, a prefiap meaning with, together, 
as 5t/wantherous : adj. having sta- 
mens united by their anthers. 

synseresis (sin-er'e-sis), n. the con- 
traction of two vowels into one. 

synagogical ('a-goj'i-kal), adj. per- 
taining to a synagogue. 

synagogue ('a-gog), n. a religious 
assembly of Jews for worship ; Jew- 
ish place of worship. 

synchronism (sing'kro-nizm) , n. con- 
currence in time of two or more 
events ; tabular arrangement of con- 
temporaneous historical events. 

synchronize ('kro-niz), v.t. to cause 
to agree in time : v.L happen simul- 
taneously. 

synchronous ('kro-nus), adj. hap- 
pening at the same time. Also syn- 
chronal. 

synclinal ('kli-nal), adj. noting a 
line or axis formed when strata dip 
in opposite directions and meet in a 
common central point or line. 

syncopate ('ko-pat), v.t. to contract 
by omitting a letter or letters from 
the middle of (a word) ; unite (the 
last note of one bar to the first note 
of the next) by a slur. 

syncopation (-pa'shun), n. the act 
of syncopating. 

syncope ('ko-pe), n. the omission of 
a letter or letters from the middle of 
a word ; fainting caused by interrup- 
tion of the heart's action. 

syncretic (sin-kret'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or characteristic of, syncre- 
tism. 

syncretism ('kre-tizm), n. the at- 
tempt to blend opposite and contra- 
dictory tenets into one system to 
produce union and concord. 

syndic ('dik), n. a government offi- 
cial invested with varying powers 
in different countries ; chief magis- 
trate ; municipal or other oflScial. 

syndicate ('di-kat), n. a body of 
syndics ; a combination of capital- 



ate, arm, as 



at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



syn 



787 



MO 



ists to promote some special under- 
taking or speculation. 

synecdoclie (-ek'do-ke), n. a rhetori- 
cal figure in which the whole is put 
for a part, or a part for the whole. 

synergy ('er-ji), n. correlation be- 
tween different organs. 

synod ('od), n. a coundl or meeting 
of ecclesiastics for consultation on 
religious matters ; a church council 
composed of several presbyters. 

synodal ('od-al), adj. pertaining to 
a synod or synods. 

synodic (-od'ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or transacted by, a synod. Also 
synodical. 

synodically (al-i), adv. by the au- 
thority of a synod. 

synoecions (-e'shus), adj. having 
both male and female flowers on the 
same receptacle. 

synonym ('o-nim), n. a word having 
nearly the same signification as an- 
other. 

synopsis (-op'sis), n. a general or 
collective view of any subject ; sum- 
mary. 

synoptic (-op'tik), adj. giving a gen- 
eral view of the whole or principal 
parts of a thing. Also synoptical. 

synoptically (-al-i), adv. in a syn- 
optical manner. 

syntactic (-tak'tik), adj.^ pertaining 
to, or arranged according to, the 
relies of syntax. Also syntactical. 

syntacticaiiy (-al-i), adv. in a syn- 
tactical manner. 

syntax ('taks), n. that part of gram- 
mar which teaches of the proper 
construction and arrangement of 
words in a sentence. 

synthesis ('the-sis), n. \pl. synthe- 
ses (-sez)], composition or putting 
of two or more'tliings together : op- 
posed to analysis ; the method or 
process of deducing and combining 
complex ideas from simple ones. 

synthetic (-thet'ik), adj. pertaining 
to synthesis. Also synthetical. 

synthetically (-al-i), adv. by syn- 
thesis. 

syntonin ('to-nin), n. muscle fibrine. 



syphilis (sif'i-lis), n. venereal dis- 
ease. 

syphilitic (-lit'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, of the nature of, or affected with, 
syphilis. . 

syphiloid ('i-loid), adj. resembling 
syphilis. 

syphon, another form of siphon. 

syren, another form of siren. 

Syriac (sir'i-ak), adj. pertaining to 
Syria, its inhabitants, or language. 
Also Syrian. 

Syringa (si-ring'ga), n. a genus of 
plants, including the lilac. 

syringe (sir'inj), n. a small tube 
with a handle and worked like a 
pump : v.t. to inject or cleanse with 
a syringe. 

syrup (sir'up), n. a saturated or 
medicated solution of sugar in wa- 
ter ; liquid refuse of sugar. 

system (sis'tem), n. combination of 
parts in a whole ; orderly arrange- 
ment according to some common 
law ; collection of rules and princi- 
ples;, connected body of principles 
in science or art; method of trans- 
acting business, 

systematic (-at'ik), adj. methodical* 
according to system. Also sysie- 
matical. 

systematically (-al-i), adv. in a 
systematic iuanner. 

systematize ('tem-a-tiz), v.t. to re- 
duce to a system. 

systole ('to-le), n. the shortening of 
a long syllable ; contraction of auri- 
cles and ventricles of the heart for 
expelling the blood and circulating 
it through the body. 

systyle ('til), adj. having columns so 
arranged that they are distant two 
diameters from each other ; having 
a row of columns set closely to- 
gether. 

syzygy (siz'i-ji), n. Ipl. syzygies 
(-jiz) ], the point at which the moon 
or a planet is in conjunction with, 
or in opposition to, the sun ; times 
of new and full moon. 

szopelka (tzo-pel'ka), n. the Rus- 
sian oboe. 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awi; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, north, not; booiif 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




tab (tab), n. a shoe latchet ; tag; 
border of a woman's cap. 

tabard ('ard), n. sl loose garment or 
mantle worn over armor ; herald's 
coat. 

tabaret ('a-ret), n. a strong satin- 
striped silk used in upholstering. 

tabasheer (-sher'), n. a siliceous 
substance found in the stems of bam- 
boos and certain grasses, used in 
the East as a medicine. 

tabby ('i), adj. brindled; having a 
variegated, vv^avy, or watered ap- 
pearance : n.' a kind of wavy or 
watered silk ; mixture of stone or 

- shell with mortar ; tabby-cat : v.t. 
[p.t, & p.p. tabbied, p.pr. tabbying], 
to water or cause to look wavy. 

tabby-cat ('i-kat), n. a brindled cat. 

tabbying ('i-ing), n. the process of 
passing fabrics under a calender to 
give them a -watered, wavy appear- 
ance. 

tabef action (-e-fak'shun), ?^. the act 
or condition of wasting away. 

tabernacle ('er-nak-1), n. a tempo- 
rary dwelling, movable residence, or 
tent ; the human body as the tem- 
porary dwelling of the soul ; the 
movable structure or place of wor- 
ship carried by the Israelites in the 
wilderness ; receptacle for the con- 
secrated Host in Roman Catholic 
Churches ; place of worship : v.i. to 
sojourn ; take up a temporary resi- 
dence. 

tabernacle-xrork (-werk), n. sculp- 
tured tracery or canopy work. 

tabes (ta'bez), n. a gradual wasting 
away of the body ; atrophy. 

tabinet (tab'in-et), n. a mixed wool- 



en and silk fabric, used for window- 
curtains, &c. 

tablature ('la-tur), n. a painting 
on walls or ceilings ; single piece 
comprehended in one view ; division 
of the skull into two tables. 

table (ta'bl), n. a flat smooth board, 
furnished with legs ; flat surface ; 
persons sitting at a repast or enter- 
tainment ; fare ; supply of food ; en- 
tertainment ; tablet ; index or syl- 
labus : pi. collection of many par- 
ticulars brought into one view ; col- 
lection of numbers or figures meth- 
odically arranged ; the Ten Com- 
mandments, consisting of two ta- 
bles ; Holy Eucharist or Lord's Sup- U 
per ;. smooth, simple member or or- 
nament, usually rectangular : pi. 
backgammon : adj. pertaining to a 
table : v.t. to catalogue or index ; 
lay or place on a table (as a re- 
port ) for future consideration : v.i. 
to board. 

tableau (ta-blo'), n. [pi. tableaux or 
tableaus (ta-bloz')], a striking and 
vivid representation. 

tableau vivant (ve-vang'), n. sl liv- 
ing picture ; a picturesque represen- 
tation by one or more silent and mo- 
tionless performers suitably cos- 
tumed and posed. 

table d*bdte (ta'bl-dot), n. a meal 
for several persons at the same hour 
and at a fixed price ; ordinary. 

tableland (ta'bl-land), n. a plateau. 

tablet (tab'let), n. small table, medi- 
cine in the form of a small flat disk ; 
small flat piece of ivory, &c., for 
memoranda ; ancestral monument ; 
small flat cake, as of soap, sweet- 
meats, &c. 



ate, arm, usk, at, awl : me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrtk. not ; booH, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



788 



«al9 



789 



tai 



table-turmng' (ta'bl-tern-ing), n. 
the movement of tables said to be 
caused by the agency of spirits. 

tablier (tab-li-a'), n. a kind of large 
apron or small overskirt. 

tabo9 (ta-bo6'), n. a religious rite 
formerly prevalent among the Poly- 
nesians by which persons and things 
I were rendered sacred and inviola- 
ble ; ban ; prohibition : v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. tabooed, p.pr. tabooing], to for- 
bid approach to, or use of. Also 
tabu. 

tabor (ta'ber), n. a small drum, 
beaten with one stick. Also tabour. 

taboret (tab'6-ret), n. a small tabor; 
an ornamental cushioned stool. 

taborine (-rin), n. a side-drum; a 
drum-head in a hoop of wood with 
jingles to increase the noise; tam- 
bourine. 

tabular (tab'ti-lar), adj. pertaining 
to, or in the form of, a table ; 
formed in plates or laminae ; set 
down, computed, or arranged in, ta- 
bles or schedules. 

tabulate ('ti-lat), v.t. to reduce to, 
or arrange in, tables or synopses ; 
shape with a flat surface. 

tacamabac (tak'a-ma-hak), w. a kind 
of resin from the balsam poplar. 

taehe (tach), n. a button; loop; 
catch, clasp, or other fastening, 

tachometer ( ta-kom'e-ter ) , n. an in- 
strument for measuring velocity. 

tachymeter (-kim'e-ter), n. a sur- 
veyor's instrument for making rapid 
measurements. 

tacit (tas'it), adj. implied, but not 
expressed verbally. 

taciturn ('i-tern), adj. habitually si- 
lent. 

tacitiiT-Taity ('i-ti), n. habitual si- 
lence. 

tack (tak), n. a small broad-headed 
nail ; supplement or appendage ; di- 
rection of a vessel in regard to the 
trim of her sails : v.t. to fasten with 
t tacks ; fasten slightly ; attach : v.i. 
I to change the course of a vessel by 
r shifting the position of her sails. 

tackle ('1), n. the ropes, rigging, &c., 
of a vessel ; apparatus for raising 
or lowering heavy weights consist- 
ing of pulleys and ropes ; imple- 
ments or gear : v.t. to harness ; seize 



or lay hold of; deal with or attack 
vigorously. 

tackling Cling), n. the furniture of 
the masts and yards of a vessel ; in- 
struments of action; gear. 

tact (takt), n. nice discernment and 
delicate skill in saying and doing ex- 
actly what is exi)edient or suitable 
in given circumstances. 

tactic (tak'tik), adj. pertaining to 
the art of tactics. Also tactical. 

tactician (-tish'an), n. one skilled in 
tactics. 

tactics ('tiks), n. naval and military 
evolutions ; science of disposing and 
maneuvering naval and military 
forces for battle. 

tactile ('til), adj. perceptible by the 
touch ; capable of being touched. 

tactility (-til'i-ti), n. perceptibility 
by the touch. 

tactual (tak'tu-al), adj. pertaining to 
the organs of touch 

tadpole (tad'pol), n. the young 
aquatic larva of an amphibian, espe- 
cially that of the frog. 

tael (tal), n. a Chinese money of ac- 
count, value about $1.05 ; a weight 
of 1 1-3 oz. 

tafferel, same as taffrail. 

tafFeta (taf'e-ta), n. a fine, thin, 
glossy silken fabric. Also taffety. 

ta£Prail ('ral), n. the upper flat part 
of the stern of a ship ; rail round a 
ship's stern. 

taffy ('i), n. molasses candy; toffy; 
flattery. 

tafia ('i-a), n. rum distilled from mo- 
lasses. 

tag (tag), n. a point of metal at the 
end of a string or a lace ; something 
small attached to another ; anything 
paltry or mean ; a children's game : 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p. tagged, p.pr. tag- 
ging], to fix a tag to; append or 
tack on ; follow closely and persist- 
ently. 

taglia (tal'ya), n. a peculiar com- 
bination of pulleys. 

tag-rag (-rag), n. the rabble. 

talir (tar), n. the Himalayan wild 
goat. 

tail (tal), n. the end of the backbone 
of an animal's body, usually hang- 
ing loose ; hinder, or inferior part of 
anything; anything pendant; lumi- 



§te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, theiir 



tai 



790 



tal 



nous appendage of the nucleus of 
a comet ; catkin ; limitation : vA. to 
depart one after another, as a crowd 
(with off). 

tallage ('aj), n. tax or toll. Also 
tallage. 

tailboard ('bord), n. the movable 
board at the rear of a cart. 

tailing ('ing), n. the part of a pro- 
jecting stone or brick inserted in a 
wall ; refuse of stamped ore thrown 
behind the rail of the washing ap- 
paratus : pi. chaff. 

tailor ('er), n. one whose business is 
to cut out and make men's clothes 
and ladies' costumes. Feminine tai- 
loress. 

taint (tant), n. corruption; infec- 
tion ; spot or stain ; disgrace : v.t. to 
imbue or impregnate with anything 
noxious ; infect ; corrupt : vA. to be 
corrupted by incipient putrefaction. 

take (tak), v.t. [p.t, took, p.p. taken, 
p.pr. taking], to lay or seize hold 
of ; obtain ; receive mentally ; cap- 
ture ; engage or interest ; choose ; 
use or require; catch; assume; con- 
duct or lead ; transport ; tolerate ; 
swallow ; note or take down ; make 
or perform (a journey or walk) : 
v.i. to have recourse ; have the in- 
tended effect ; please : n. the amount 
or quantity received or caught, espe- 
cially fish. 

taker ('er), n. one who takes, seizes, 
or captures ; one who accepts a bet. 

taking ( 'ing ) , adj. attractive ; allur- 
ing ; pleasing ; infectious : n. the act 
of gaining possession ; seizure ; agi- 
tation : pi. receipts. 

talapoin (ta'a-poin), n. a Buddhist 
monk of Ceylon, Siam, &c. ; kind of 
monkey. 

talaria (ta-la'ri-a), n.pl. the small 
wings attached to the ankles of Mer- 
cury or Hermes, the messenger of 
the gqds. 

talbot (tawl'bot), n. a quick-scented 
hunting-dog, with long pendulous 
ears. 

talc (talk), n. a hydrous silicate of 
magnesia occurring in thin flakes. 

tale (tal), n. a narrative or story; 
fable ; anecdote ; reckoning ; number 
reckoned. 

talent (tal'ent), n. among the an- 



cients, a weight, coin, or sum of ! 
money of varying value; mental ca- 
pacity ; eminent ability ; skill ; clev- 
erness ; gift. 

talented ('ent-ed), adj. endowed witk 
talents or eminent ability. 

talipes ('i-pez), n. club-foot. 

talipot ('i-pot), n. the gigantic fan- 
palm of Ceylon and India. Also 
taliput. 

talisman ('is-man), n. [p?. talismans 
(-manz)]. a magical figure cut in 
metal or stone supposed to possess 
magical virtues in averting evil, 
&c. ; something that produces an ex- 
traordinary effect. 

talismanic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, 
or having the properties of, a talis- 
man ; magical. 

talk (tawk), v.i. to utter words; 
speak familiarly ; converse ; prattle : 
v.t. to utter ; make a subject of con- 
versation : n. familiar converse ; col- 
loquy ; subject of discourse : rumor ; 
conference. 

talkative ('a-tiv), adj. addicted to 
much talking, 

talkatively (-li), adv. in a talkative 
manner. 

talkativeness (-nes), n. the quality 
of being talkative. 

talking ('ing), n. the act of convers- 
ing : adj. loquacious. 

tall (tawl), adj. high in stature; 
lofty ; extravagant. 

tallage, same as tallage. 

tallow (tal'o), n. the melted fat of 
oxen and sheep ; candle-grease : v.t. 
to grease or smear with tallow ; fat- 
ten. 

tally ('i), n. [pi. tallies ('iz)], a 
stick notched to match another stick, 
used for keeping accounts ; one thing 
made to match or suit another : v.t. 
to make to correspond : v.i. to be 
fitted ; match. 

tally-ho ( -ho ) , inter j. & n. the hunts- 
man's cry to incite his hounds ; a 
four-in-hand coach. 

tallyman (-man), n. [pi. tallymen 
(-men)], one who sells goods to be 
paid for by instalments. 

tally-skop (-shop), n. a shop where 
goods are sold on the tally-system. 

tally- system (-sis-tem), n. the prac- 



atp., lirm, psk, at. awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



tal 



791 



tan 



tice of selling goods on credit to be 
paid for by instalments. 

talmi-gold ('mi-gold), n. Abyssinian 
gold ; cheap imitt^tion of gold. 

Talmud ('mud), n. the book which 
contains the whole body of the Jew- 
ish civil and canonical laws and tra- 
ditions, with the commentaries and 
speculations of the Rabbis, consist- 
ing of two parts, the Mishnah and 
Gemara. 

Talmudic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, 
>or in, the Talmud. Also Talmudi- 
cal, Talmudistic. 

Talmudist ('mud-ist), w. one learned 
in the Talmud. 

talon ('on), n. the claw of a bird of 
prey ; an ogee molding. 

talus (ta'lus), n. the ankle-bone; 
sloping part of a work ; sloping heap 
of broken rocks accumulated at the 
foot of a cliff. 

tamability (tam-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being tamable. 
Tamableness. 

tamable ('a-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing tamed. 

tamale (ta-ma'le) , n. a kind of dump- 
ling, m-ade of minced chicken and 
corn-meal, seasoned with red pepper, 
wrapped in corn-husks, and boiled 
or cooked by steam. 

tamandua (ta-man'du-a), n. the 
small ant-eater of South America. 

tamarack (tam'a-rak), **. the Amer- 
ican black larch. 

tamarin ('a-rin), n. a South Amer- 
ican monkey with a squirrel-like tail. 

tamarind ('a-rind), n. a leguminous 
and lofty tropical tree, yielding long 
pods which contain a soft acid pulp. 

tamarisk ('a-risk), n. a tree or 
shrub of the genus Tamarix, with 
small pink or white flowers and 
feathery branches. 

tambac, same as tombac. 

tambour ('ber), n. a drum-like frame 
on which a kind of embroidery with 
threads of gold, silver, and silk are 
worked in the figures of flowers, 
&c. ; drum ; the naked part of cer- 
tain capitals of drum-like appear- 
ance ; enclosure of stockade work : 
v.t. to embroider with, or upon, a 
tambour. 

tambourine (-en'), n. a small hand- 



drum with little cymbals inserted in 
the hoop; a sprightly French stage 
dance. 

tame (tam), adj. domesticated; spir- 
itless ; insipid : v.t. to bring from a 
wild to a domesticated state ; subdue. 

tameless ('les), adj. wild; not capa- 
ble of being tamed. 

taminy ('i-ni), n. a kind of woolen 
or worsted cloth. 

tamp (tamp), v.t. to block up with 
clay or similar material the blast- 
hole in a rock to direct the course of 
the explosion ; drive in or down by 
repeated gentle strokes. 

tampan ('pan), n. a venomous South 
African tick. 

tamper ('per), v.i. to meddle so as to 
injure or alter anything ; use brib- 
ery ;^ try small experiments. 

tampion ('i-on), n. a stopper, espe- 
cially for the mouthpiece of a can- 
non. Also tompion. 

tam-taxa ('tam), same as tom-tom. 

tan (tan), n. the bark of the oak or 
other trees bruised and broken by a 
mill for tanning hides : adj. tan-col- 
ored : v.t. Ip.t. & p.p. tanned, p.pr, 
tanning], to convert (a hide) into 
leather by steeping it in an infusion 
of bark or tannin ; make brown by 
exposure to the sun ; beat : v.i. to 
become sunburnt. 

tandem ('dem), adv. with two horses 
or persons one before the other : n. 
a vehicle with two horses harnessed 
one before the other ; a bicycle or 
tricycle for two, one riding before 
the other. 

tang (tang), n. a strong taste or 
flavor ; something that leaves behind 
a taste peculiar to itself; that part 
of a knife, fork, tool, &c., which is 
inserted into the handle ; sound or 
tone : v.i. to make a ringing sound. ' 

tangency ('jen-si), n. a contact or 
touching. 

tangent ('jent), adj. touching: n. a 
straight line that meets or touches a 
circle or curve, but when produced, 
does not cut it. 

tangential (-jen'shal), adj. pertain^ 
ing to, or in the direction of, a tan- 
gent. 

tangentially (-li), adv. in the direc- 
tion of a tangent. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, ffcen. 



tan 



792 



tar 



tangerine (-jer-en'), n. a small or- 
ange. 

tanghin (tang'gin), n. a Madagascar 
tree, from the seeds of which a pow- 
erful poison is obtained ; the ordeal- 
tree. 

tangibility (tan-ji-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being tangible. 
Also tangibleness. 

tangible ('ji-bl), adj. perceptible to 
the touch ; capable of being pos- 
sessed or realized ; evident ; real. 

tangle (tang'gl), v.t. to interweave so 
as to render difficult to unrave.l ; im- 
plicate ; embarrass. 

tango ( tang^o ) , n. one of a score or 
more of modern dances, in syncopated 
time and one-step motion; differing 
in the variety of positions, many of 
which are held to be immodest; all 
placed under a ban by the National 
Association of Masters of Dancing. 

tangram (tan'gram), n. a Chinese 
toy for forming combinations of fig- 
ures by small squares. 

tank (tangk), n. a large cistern or 
reservoir for storing water or other 
liquid. 

tankard ('erd), n. a drinking vessel 
with a lid. 

tannate (tan'at), n. a salt of tannic 
acid. 

tanner ('er), n. one who tans hides. 

tannery (-i), n. IpL tanneries (-iz)], 
a place where hides are tanned ; 
process of tanning. 

tannic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
obtained from, bark. 

tannic acid (as'id), n. an astringent 
principle in oak-bark, and gall-nuts. 
Also tannin. 

tanning ('ing), n. the process of con- 
verting hides into leather. 

tansy ('zi), n. a bitter aromatic plant 
with small yellow flowers. 

tantalization (-tal-i-za'shun), n. the 
act of tantalizing ; state of being 
tantalized. 

tantalize ('tal-iz), v.t. to tease or 
torment by exciting hopes or fears 
which will not be realized ; provoke : 
from the classic fable of Tantalus. 

tantalizing (-ing), adj,^ teasing or 
tormenting. 

tantamonnt (-ta-mount), adj. equiv- 
alent in value or signification 



tantivy (-tiv'i), n. a gallop: adv, 
swiftly. 

tantrum ('trum), n, a sudden out- 
burst of temper or passion. 

tap (tap), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. tapped, 
p.pr. tapping], lo strike or touch 
lightly; broach (a vessel) to let out 
a fluid ; put a new sole or heel on ; 
find a new outlet for ; bore into : n. 
a gentle blow, or touch ; pat ; place 
where liquor is drawn and retailed ; 
pipe through which liquor is drawn 
from a cask. 

tape (tap), n. a narrow band of linen 
or cotton cloth. 

taper (ta'per), n. small wax candle; 
small light : adj. growing smaller or 
regularly narrowed towards the 
point, or from the bottom to the 
top : v.i. to become gradually more 
slender : v.t. to narrow to a point. 

tapering (-ing), adj. gradually di- 
minishing towards a point. 

tapestry (tap'es-tri), n. a textile 
fabric of wool or silk ornamented 
with a raised design, figures, &c., 
used for hangings : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
tapestried, p.jjr. tapestrying], to 
hang, or adorn with, tapestry. 

tapestry carpet (kar'pet), n. a 
kind of carpet somewhat resembling 
Brussels. 

tapeti ('et-i), n. a South American 
hare. 

tapeworm (tap'werm), n. a flat rib- 
bon-like intestinal worm (Taenia 
solium). 

tapioca (tap-i-o'ka) , n. a farinaceous 
food obtained from the root of the 
cassava. 

tapir (ta'per), n. a South Americau 
quadruped allied to the hog, 

tapis (ta-pe'), n. a carpet [French]. 

tappet (tap'et), n. a small lever or 
projection for changing or regulat- 
ing motion. 

tapping ('ing), n. a tap; act of tap- 
ping ; a surgical operation for the 
relief of dropsy. 

taproot ('root), n. the main root of 
a plant. 

tapster ('ster), 7i. one whose business 
is to draw liquor from a cask. 

tar ( tar ) , w. a thick, dark-brown, oily, 
viscous substance obtained by distil- 
lation from pine, or fir trees, coal. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n5rth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



tar 



793 



tas 



&c. ; a sailor : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. tarred. 
p.pr. tarring], to smear with, or as 
with, tar. 

tarantass (tar-an-tas'), n. a larf? 
four-wheeled Russian springless car- 
riage. 

tarantella (-an-tel'a), n. a wild, 
rapid Neapolitan dance; music for 
such a dance. 

tarantula ('tu-la), n. a large spider 
whose bite was formerly supposed to 
produce an irresistible mania for 
dancing. 

taraxacin (-aks'a-sin), n. the bitter 
crystalline principle of the root of 
the dandelion. 

tarboosh (tar-boosh'), n. a kind of 
red fez with a blue tassel worn by 
Orientals. 

tardily ('di-li), adv. slowly. 

tardiness ('di-nes), n. slowness of 
pace or motion ; reluctance. 

tardy ('di), adj. [comp. tardier, su- 
perl, tardiest], moving with a slow 
pace or motion ; dilatory ; reluctant ; 
late. 

tare (tar), n. darnel; weight of the 
cask, package, &c., which contains 
the commodity which is weighed 
with it and for which an allowance 
is made. 

target (tar'get), n. a small shield; 
butt or mark set up for rifle and ar- 
tillery practice. 

tariff (tar 'if), n. a schedule or table 
of dutiable goods, specifying the cus- 
toms rates, &c., to be paid or al- 
lowed on articles exported or im- 
ported ; a duty levied according to 
such a schedule : v.t. to fix a duty on. 

tarlatan (tar'la-tan), n. a thin, tran- 
sparent dress-muslin. 

tarn (tarn), n. a smdll mountain 
lake ; marsh. 

-tarnish (tar'nish), v.t. to diminish 
the luster of ; sully : v.i. to lose lus- 
ter ; become dull. 

taro Co), n. a plant of the Arum 
kind, the roots of which are used for 
food by the South Sea Islanders. 

tarpaulin (-paw'lin), ^. stout water- 
proof canvas. 

tarry (tar'i), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. tarried, 
p.pr. tarrying], to stay behind; de- 
lay ; linger. 



tarsal (tar'sal), adj. pertaining to 
the tarsus. 

tarsia ('si-a), n. a kind of mediaeval 
Italian wood inlaying. 

tarsus ('sus), n. [pi. tarsi ('si)], the 
instep, consisting of several bones : 
pi. the connective cartilages of the 
eyelids; foot of an insect or crus- 
tacean. 

tart (tart), adj. sharp to the taste; 
acid ; severe ; keen : n. small open 
pie. 

tartan (tar 'tan), n. woolen cloth, 
checkered with various colors ; small 
Mediterranean coasting vessel : adj. 
made from, or like, tartan. 

tartar ('tar), n. the white earthy 
substance deposited on the teeth, &c. 

Tartar, n. an inhabitant of Tartary 
(also Tatar) ; a person of keen, ir- 
ritable temper. 

Tartarean (-ta-re-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to Tartarus or Hell ; infernal. 

tartar emetic (e-met'ik), adj. anti- 
mony combined with potassium and 
tartaric acid. 

tartaric acid (-tar'ik as'id), n. an 
acid found in the juice of grapes,, 
berries, &c. 

Tartarus ('ta-rus), n. the deep and 
sunless abyss of the infernal re- 
gions ; Hades. 

tasimeter (ta-sim'e-ter), n. an elec- 
trical instrument for measuring 
minute variations in temperature^ 
moisture, motion, &c. 

task (task), n. business or study im- 
posed by another : usually a definite 
amount ; lesson to be learned ; duty ; 
burdensome employment : v.t. to im- 
pose a task upon ; burden. 

tassel ('1), n. sl pendent ornament of 
silk, wool, &c. ; a male goshawk ; 
pendent flower or head of certain 
plants, as maize. 

tasseled ('Id), p. adj. adorned with 
tassels. 

tasset (tas'et), n. armor protecting 
the front of the thigh. 

tastable (tast'a-bl), adj. savory. 

taste (tast), v.t. to perceive by the 
tongue and palate ; obtain pleasure 
from ; test by eating or sipping a lit- 
tle ; participate in ; experience : v.i. 
to try by the palate ; have a flavor ; 
enjoy moderately : n. the sensation 



ate., arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, nQrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



-tas 



794 



taa 



produced on the tongue and palate 
by something taken into the mouth ; 
quality or flavor ; relish ; trial ; ex- 
periment ; intellectual relish or dis- 
cernment of the sublime or beauti- 
ful ; choice of pleasures, pursuits, 
&c. ; a sample. 

tasteful ( 'fool ) , adj. savory ; charac- 
terized by, or showing, good taste. 

tastefully (-li), adv, in a tasteful 
manner. 

tastily Ci-li), adv. with good taste. 

tasty ( 'i ) , adj. showing taste ; savory. 

tat (tat), n. coarse cloth made from 
jute; pony [East Indian]. 

tatt (tat), v.t. to make by tatting. 

tatter ('er), n. a loose hanging rag: 
pi. rags : v.t. to make ragged ; rend. 

tatter dexualiou (-ter-de-mal'yun) , n. 
a ragged fellow. 

tattie ('i), n. a split bamboo door or 
window screen, over which water is 
made to trickle to cool the air [East 
Indian]. Also tatty. 

tatting ('ing), n. a kind of narrow 
lace for edging, made with a small 
hand-shuttle ; art of making such 
kind of lace. 

tattle ( '1 ) , v.i. to talk idly or trifling- 
ly ; prate ; tell tales or secrets : n. 
trifling or idle talk. 

tattoo (-too'), n. a beat of drum, es- 
pecially for warning soldiers to re- 
tire to their quarters ; marks or fig- 
ures made by puncturing the skin 
with a needle and rubbing a stain or 
dye into the wounds : v.t. ip.t. & p.p. 
tattooed, p.pr. tattooing], to mark 
permanently (the skin) by punctur- 
ing it and staining the wounds. 

tattooing ('ing), n. the operation or 
practice of tattooing the body. 

tau (taw), n. a cross resembling the 
Greek letter T (tau). 

taught, p.t. & p.p. of teach. 

taunt (tiint or tawnt), adj. lofty: n. 

I bitter or sarcastic reproach ; scoff ; 

insulting invective : v.t. to reproach 

with bitter, sarcastic, or insulting 

language; revile. 

tauriform. (taw'ri-fCrm), adj. having 
the form of a bull. 

taut (tawt), adj. tight; stretched; 
snug; secure. 

tautog (taw-tog'), n. a North Amer- 
ican edible fish. 



tautological (-to-loj'ik-al), adj. of 
the nature of tautology. 

tautologically (-li), adv. in a tau- 
tological manner. 

tautology (-tol'o-ji), n. repetition of 
the same thing or idea in different 
words ; sameness of words or of 
meaning. 

tavern (tav'ern), n. an inn or public- 
house ; a hotel. 

taw (taw), v.t. to dress (skins) to 
make them into leather : n. a game 
at marbles ; a marble to be played 
with. 

tawdrily ('dri-li), adv. gaudily. 

tawdriness ('dri-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being tawdry. 

tawdry ('dri), adj. showy or fiine 
without elegance ; gaudily dressed. 

tawniness ('ni-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being tawnyr 

tawny ('ni), adj. of a yellowish- 
brown color. 

taws (tawz), n.pl. a leathern strap 
with one end cut into fringes, used 
as an instrument of punishment 
[Scotch], Also tawse. 

tax (taks), n. a rate or duty on income 
or property ; excise ; impost ; bur- 
densome or oppressive duty : v.t. to 
impose a rate or duty upon for state 
or municipal purposes ; burden or 
oppress ; accuse. 

taxability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
of being taxable, 

taxable ('a-bl), adj. subject or liable 
to taxation. 

taxation (a'shun), n. the act of tax- 
ing ; rate or tax imposed : system of 
raising revenues. 

taxicab (taks'i-kab), n. an automo- 
bile for rent, that records the time 
and length of trip. 

taxidermist ('i-der-mist), n. one 
who is skilled in taxidermy. 

taxidermy ('i-der-mi), n. the art of 
stufiing and arranging specimens of 
natural history. 

taximeter (-me'ter), n. the record- 
ing device used in a taxicab. 

taxonomy (-on'o-mi), n. that df^part- 
ment of natural history which treats 
of the laws and principles of classi- 
fication. 

tazza (tat'sa), n. an ornamental cup 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



tea 



795 



tel 



or vase with a large shallow bowl, a 
foot, and sometimes handles. 

tea (te), n. the prepared leaves of the 
tea plant (Thea Sinensis) ; the bev- 
erage obtained by the infusion of 
the dried leaves ; afternoon repast at 
which tea is served ; an infusion of 
other substances, as beef : v.i. to 
take tea. 

teach (tech), v.t. [p.t, & p.p. taught, 
p.pr. teaching], to impart knowledge 
to ; instruct ; inform ; cause to learn 
or acquire skill in : v.i. to give in- 
struction. 

teaching ('ing), n. instruction. 

teak (tek), n. ,a very hard durable 
timber obtained from an Indian tree. 

teal (tel), n. a species of small, wild, 
fresh-water duck. 

team (tem), n. two or more horses, 
&c., harnessed to the same vehicle 
for drawing ; litter ; brood ; number 
of persons associated together to 
form a side in a game, or to perform 
a certain piece of work. 

teamster ('ster), n. the driver of a 
team. 

tear (ter), n. a small drop of the 
watery fluid secreted by the lachry- 
mal gland of the eye ; anything tear- 
like, or shaped like a tear ; a rent 
(tar) : v.t. (tar) [p.t. tore, p.p. 
torn, p.pr. tearing], to separate by 
violence ; rend ; disrupt ; lacerate : 
v.i. to be rent ; rave or rant. 

tearful (ter'f ool ) , adj. shedding tears. 

tease (tez), v.t. to comb or unravel, 
as wool or flax; separate the fibers 
of; irritate or annoy; vex by petty 
requests or raillery : n. one who 
teases. 

teasel ('1), n, a biennial plant, with 
hooked burrs, which are used for 
raising the nap of woolen cloth. 
Also teazel. 

teat (tet), n. the nipple of the female 
breast ; mammilla. 

techily (tech'i-li), adv. in a techy 
manner. 

techiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being techy. 

technic (tek'nik), adj. pertaining to 
the mechanical arts : relating to art, 
science, or to a particular profes- 
sion. Also technical : n.pl. those 
branches of learning which relate to 



the arts ; doctrine of arts in general. 

technique (-nek'), n. artistic execu- 
tion. 

technological (-no-loj'i-kal), adj, 
pertaining to technology. 

technologist (-nol'Q-jist), n. one 
skilled in technology. 

technology ('o-ji), n. the science of 
the industrial arts. 

techy (tech'i), adj. peevish; irritable. 

tectonics (tek-ton'iks), n. the science 
or art of construction. 

ted (ted), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. tedded, 
p.pr. tedding], to turn or spread for 
drying, as new-mown hay. 

Te Deum (te de'um), n. an ancient 
hymn of the Christian Church sung 
at matins and on occasions of thanks- 
giving : said to have been composed 
by Hilary, Bishop of Aries. 

tedious (te'di-us), adj. wearisome 
by continuance or repetition ; tire- 
some. 

tedium ('di-um), n. wearisomeness. 

tee (te), n. the mark aimed at in 
quoits and curling ; nodule of earth 
from which the ball is struck at 
golf ; umbrella-shaped finial of a 
Buddhist tope ; short piece of con- 
nective pipe. 

teem (tem), v.i. to be prolific; be 
full; be stocked to overflowing. 

teeming ('ing), p.adj. prolific. 

teen (ten), n. sorrow: pi. years of 
one's age ending in teen. 

teeth, pi. of tooth. 

teething (teth'ing) , n. dentition. 

teetotal (te-to'tul), adj. pertaining 
to teetotalers or teetotalism. 

teetotaler (-er), n. a total abstainer, 

teetotalism (-izm), n. entire absti- 
nence from intoxicating liquors. 

teetotum (-to'tum), n. a child's toy 
used in games of chance ; a kind of 
refreshment house for the working 
classes. 

tegmen (teg'men), n. [pi. tegmina 
('mi-na)], a covering; inner layer 
of the coating of a seed : pi. scaly 
coat of the leaf-buds of trees. 

tegument ('ti-ment), n. natural cov- 
ering or envelope ; skin. 

tehee (te-he'), n. a titter: v.i. to tit- 
ter. 

teil (tel), n. the linden. 

teinoscope (ti'no-skop), n. a prism 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue. hut ; think, then. 



tel 



796 



teiu 



telescope for the correction of the 
chromatic aberration of light. 

telaiaon (tera-mon), n. [pi. tela- 
mones (-mo'nez)], a figure of a 
man, usually colossal, used as a col- 
umn or pilaster. 

telautograph, (tel-aw'to-graf), n. a 
telegraphic instrument for repro- 
ducing writings or drawings at a 
distance. 

teledu ('e-do6) , n. the stinking badger 
of Java and Sumatra. 

telegram ('e-gram), n. a telegraphic 
communication. 

telegraph ('e-graf), n. an instrument 
or apparatus for communicating in- 
telligence rapidly between certain 
points, especially by means of elec- 
tricity : vJ. to convey by telegraph ; 
signal : v.i. to send a telegraphic 
message. 

telegrapher (te-leg'ra-fer), n. one 
who sends telegraphic messages ; te- 
legraphist. 

telegraphic (tel-e-graf'ik), adj. per- 
taining to, done by means of, or 
communicated by, telegraph. 

telegraphically (-al-i), adv. by tel- 
egraph. 

telegraphist (te-leg'ra-fist), n. one 
skilled in telegraphy. 

telegraph-plant (-plant), n. a 
leguminous East Indian plant, the 
leaves of which have a jerky move- 
ment. 

telegraphy ('ra-fi), n. the science or 
art of constructing and working tel- 
egraphs. 

teleology (tel-e-ol'o-ji), n. the doc- 
trine of the final causes of things, 

telepathy (te-lep'a-thi), n. the trans- 
ference of thought from one person 
to another by the exercise of the 
will. 

telephone (tere-fon), n. an instru- 
ment for transmitting sound to a 
distance by means of electricity : v.t. 
& v.i. to communicate by telephone. 

telephonic (-fon'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or conveyed by means of, the 
telephone. 

telephonist (te-lef-5-nist), n. one 
who is skilled in, or operates, a tel- 
ephone. 

telephony (te-lef'o-ni), n. the sci- 



ence or art of transmitting sounds at 
a distance. 

telescope (tel'e-skop), n. an optical 
instrument for viewing objects at a 
distance : v.t. to drive into one an- 
other, as railway carriages in col- 
lision. 

telescopic (-skop'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, visible by, or like, a tele- 
scope. Also telescopical. 

telescopically (-al-i), adv. by means 
of a telescope. 

telescopist ('e-sko-pist), n. one who 
is skilled in using the telescope. 

telescopy ('e-sko-pi), n. the art or 
science of using or constructing a 
telescope. 

telic (tel'ik), adj. noting the final 
end or purpose. 

tell (tel), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. told, p.pr. 
telling], to express or make known 
by words ; narrate ; enumerate ; ex- 
plain ; communicate ; confess : v.i. 
to give an account ; report ; play the 
informer ; act effectively. 

teller ('er), n. one who tells, nar- 
rates, or communicates ; a bank 
clerk whose duty is to receive and 
pay money over the counter ; one 
of two members of a legislative 
body who count votes on a division 
for each party. 

telling ('ing), n. the act of relating! 
adj. effective. 

telltale ('tal), adj. telling tales: n. 
a person who officiously or mali- 
ciously divulges the private con- 
cerns of others ; an automatic de- 
vice for counting or indicating. 

telluric (tel-u'rik), adj. pertaining 
to, or derived from, the earth or the 
metal tellurium. 

tellurium ('ri-um), n. a rare ele- 
ment usually found associated with 
other metals. 

telotype (tel'o-tlp), n. an electric 
telegraph that prints the message. 

telpherage ('fer-aj), n. a system of 
automatic haulage by electricity. 

temerity (te-mer'i-ti) , n. foolhardi- 
ness ; rashness ; precipitancy. 

temper (tem'per), v.t. to modify or 
regulate ; qualify ; assuage ; calm ; 
bring to a due proportion ; bring to 
a proper degree of elasticity or hard- 
ness : n. due proportion of different 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 




Copvriglit, Underwood & Underwood. 

WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. 
First Wireless School in the United States opened in New York. 



teiii 



797 



ieA 



qualities or ingredients ; state of a 
metal as to its hardness or elastic- 
ity ; mental disposition ; equanimity ; 
mood; natural inclinations; heat of 
mind or passion ; irritation. 

jtemperaiuent ('per-a-ment), n, nat- 
ural constitution or organization ; 
due mixture of opposite or different 
qualities. 

temperance ('per-ans), w. modera- 
tion, especially in respect to the ap- 
petites or passions ; patience ; so- 
briety ; total abstinence. 

temperate ('per-at), adj. moderate; 
not characterized by passion or in- 
dulgence of the appetites ; abstemi- 
ous ; calm ; not liable to excess of 
heat or cold. 

temperately (-li), adv. moderately. 

temperateness (-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being temperate. 

temperature ('per-a-tur), n. state 
of a body with respect to sensible 
heat ; degree of any quality. 

{tempered ('perd), adj. constitution- 
ally disposed; hardened. 

tempest ('pest), n. wind rushing with 
great violence, usually accompanied 
by rain, hail, &c. ; hurricane ; tu- 
mult. 

tempestuous (-pes'tii-us), adj. very 
stormy; pertaining to, or like, a 
tempest; violent. 

Templar ('pier), n. one of. a relig- 
ious and military order, especially 
in the 12th century. 

template ('plat), n. a mold or pat- 
tern used by masons, bricklayers, 
&c., in cutting or setting out their 
work. Also templet. 

temple ('pi), n. an edifice for the 
worship of a deity or deities ; resi- 
dence of a divinity ; place of public 
worship ; the flat part of either side 
of the head above the cheek-bones. 

temporal ('po-ral), adj. pertaining 
to time ; secular ; measured or re- 
stricted by time; civil or political. 

temporarily ('po-r^-ri-li), adv. for a 
time. 

temporariness (-nes), n. the state 
of being temporary. 

temporary (-ri), adj. existing or 
continuing for a limited time or 
some special purpose. 

temporize ('po-riz), v.i. to comply 



with the times ; yield to current 
opinion ; parley ; delay. 

tempt (tempt), v.t. to put to trial; 
test ; persuade to evil ; defy ; allure ; 
entice. 

tem.ptation (temp-ta'shun), n. the 
state of being tempted ; enticement, 
especially to evil. 

tempter (temp'ter), n. one who 
tempts; the Devil (with the). Fern. 
temptress. 

tempting ('ting), adj. alluring; se- 
ductive. 

ten (ten), adj. one more than 9; 
twice 5 : n. the sum of 5 and 5 ; ten 
units. 

tenability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being tenable. Also 
tenableness. 

tenable ('a-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing held,_ maintained, or defended. 

tenace ('as), n. in whist, the holding 
by the fourth hand of the best and 
third best of the suit led. 

tenacious (te-na'shus), adj. holding 
fast or firmly ; cohesive ; tough ; ob- 
stinate. 

tenacity (-nas'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being tenacious ; cohesive- 
ness ; adhesiveness. 

tenancy (ten'an-si), n. [pi. tenan- 
cies (-siz)], the holding of land or 
tenements on certain conditions and 
for a specified time; tenure. 

tenant ('ant), n. one who holds 
lands or tenements on certain con- 
ditions and for a specified time ; oc- 
cupant : v.t. to hold as a tenant. 

tenantry (-ri), n. tenants collec- 
tively. 

tench, (tench), n. a fresh-water fish 
of the carp kind. 

tend (tend), v.t. to care for; attend; 
watch over or protect ; accompany ; 
swing at the turn of the tide: said 
of a vessel : v.i. to move in a par- 
ticular direction ; be directed to any 
end or purpose ; contribute. 

tendency (ten'den-si), n. inclina- 
tion ; aim ; direction or course. 

tender ('der), adj. easily impressed 
or injured ; sensitive ; soft ; not 
hard ; weak and feeble ; easily in- 
fluenced by love, pity, &c. ; com- 
passionate ; pathetic ; gentle ; care- 
ful : n. a vehicle attached to a loco- 



I 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ten 



798 



iep 



motive containing coal and water ; 
smaller vessel attending a larger 
one; an offer or proposal for ac- 
ceptance ; offer of a sum due in 
money under specified legal condi- 
tions : v.t. to offer for acceptance : 
v.i. to make an offer to do certain 
work or supply certain goods for a 
specified price. 

tenderfoot ('der-foot), n. one who 
is new to life in a mining region or 
frontier district. 

tenderling (-ling), n. one of the first 
horns of a deer ; one made tender 
by excessive care or affection. 

tendei'ness (-nes), n. kindness; be- 
nevolence ; sensibility ; pathos ; cau- 
tion ; soreness. 

tending (tend'ing), n. the act of at- 
tending ; the swinging round of a 
vessel upon her anchor. 

tendinous (ten'din-us), adj. per- 
taining to a tendon ; sinewy. 

tendon ('dun), n. the hard bundle of 
fibers which connects the muscles to 
the bones. 

tendril ('dril), n. the slender, twin- 
ing part of a plant which attaches 
itself to a supporting body. 

tenement ('e-ment), n. a house, 
shop, land, &c., held by a tenant ; 
dwelling house ; suite of rooms ; any 
kind of permanent property, as land, 
rents, &c. 

tenet ('et), n. a doctrine, dogma, 
opinion, or belief held or maintained 
as true. 

tenfold ('faid), adj. & adv. ten times 
as much or as many. 

tennis ('is), n. a game played with 
rackets. 

tenon ('un), n. the end of a timber 
cut wedge-shaped for fitting into a 
mortise in another timber : v.t. to 
form tenons in. 

tenor ( 'er ) , n. manner of continuity ; 
general tendency or drift ; purport 
or substance ; exact copy of a writ- 
ing ; the highest of adult male voices 
between bass and alto : adj. pertain- 
ing to, or adapted for, tenor. 

tenor-clef (-kief), n. the O clef, 
when placed on the third line of the 
staff. 

tense (tens), adj. drawn tightly: 
rigid ; not lax : n. a modification in 



the inflection of a verb, expressing 
time of action. 

tensely ('li), adv. with tension. 

tenseness ('nes), n. the state or 
quality of being tense. Also ten- 
sility. 

tensile (ten'sil), adj. ductile. 

tension ('shun), w. the act of stretch- 
ing or straining ; the state of being 
stretched ; mental strain ; strong ex- 
citement of feeling; expansive or 
elastic force. 

tensor ('ser), n, a muscle that 
stretches. 

tent (tent), n. a temporary shelter or 
habitation, usually of canvas, sup- 
ported by poles and ropes ; Recha- 
bite lodge ; plug or roll of lint for 
dilating a wound, &c. ; a variety of 
sacramental wine. 

tentacle (ten'ta-kl), n. a process or 
organ in certain invertebrate ani- 
mals used for feeling, prehension, or 
locomotion. 

tentacular (-tak'u-lar), adj. pertain- 
ing to tentacles, 

tentaculum (-tak'u-lum), w. [pi. ten- 
tacula (-la)], a tentacle. 

tentative ('ta-tiv), adj. experimen- 
tal. 

tentatively (-li), adv, by experi- 
ment. 

tenter ('ter), n. a frame for stretch- 
ing cloth on by hooks ; a tenter- 
hook : v.t. to hang or stretch on 
tenters. 

tenter-book (-hook), n. a sharp, 
hooked nail; anything that painful- 
ly strains. 

tentli (tenth), adj. next in order af- 
ter the ninth ; the ordinal of ten. 

tenuity (te-nu'i-ti), n. thinness; rar- 
ity. 

tenuous (ten'u-us), adj. slender; not 
dense. 

tenure ('tir), n. conditions under 
which a tenement is held ; right or 
manner of holding real estate ; man- 
ner of holding; term of holding. 

tepef action (tep-e-fak'shun), n. the 
act of warming or making tepid. 

tepefy ('e-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. tepe- 
fied, p.pr. tepefying], to make tepid: 
v.i. to become tepid. 

tepid ('id), adj. moderately warm; 
lukewarm. 



fite, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon,, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, theJi, 



i«p 



799 



ter 



tepidity (te-pid'i-ti), n. moderate 
warmth. Also tepidness. 

ter, a prefix meaning three times. 

teraph (ter'af), n. {pi. teraphim 
('a-fim)], a tutelary household god 
or image, consulted by the ancient 
Hebrews as an oracle. 

teratology (-a-toro-ji), n. that 
branch of biology which treats of 
malformations or deviations from 
the normal type of animal and plant 
structure. 

terce, same as tierce. 

tercel (ter'sel), n. the male of the 
falcon. Also tassel. 

tercentenary (-sen'ten-a-ri), adj. 
comprising 300 years : n. a day or 
function commemorating some event 
occurring 300 years before. 

ter cine ('sin), n. the outer coat of 
the ovule of a plant ; chorion. 

terebinth ('e-binth), n. the turpen- 
tine-tree. 

terebintMne (-bin'thin), adj. per- 
taining to, of the nature of, or like, 
turpentine. 

tergiversation (-jiv-er-sa'shun), n. 
evasion ; subterfuge. 

term (term), n. a limit or boundary; 
limited time ; subject or predicate of 
a proposition ; number of a com- 
pound mathematical quantity ; ex- 
pression ; condition or arrangement ; 
word or expression noting something 
peculiar to an art or science ; time 
during which the law courts are 
open ; time during which instruc- 
tion is given in universities, schools, 
&c. ; time when rent is paid 
[Scotch] : pi. conditions or stipula- 
tions : v.t. to name, designate, or ex- 
press. 

termagant (ter'ma-gant), adj. noisy 
and violent : n. a noisy, violent wom- 
an. 

terminal ('mi-nal), adj. pertaining 
to the end or extremity ; arranged 
according to the terminations : n. a 
limit or boundary ; end ; one of the 
ends of a conducting circuit of a 
dynamo, &c. 

terminate ('mi-nat), v.t. to limit or 
bound; end: v.i. to be limited or 
ended. 

termination (-nS'shun), n. the act 
of terminating ; a bound or limit ; 



end; conclusion or r^rsult; final syl- 
lable or letter. 

terminator ('mi-na-ter), n. one who, 
or that which, terruinates ; the di- 
viding line between the illuminated 
and non-illuminated part of the 
moon. 

terminology (-mi-nol'o-ji), n» the 
definition of technical terms. 

terminus ('mi-nus), fi. [pi. termini 
(-ni)], a limit or boundary; station 
at the end of a railway. 

termite ('mit), n. the white ant. 

tern (tern), n. an aquatic bird allied 
to the gull : adj. arranged in threes, 

ternary (ter'na-ri), adj. proceeding 
by, or consisting of, threes : n. the 
number 3. 

Terpsichorean (terp-si-ko-re'an), 
adj. pertaining to Terpsichore or to 
dancing. 

terra (ter 'a), n. the earth; earth. 

terrace ('as), n. a raised level space 
or platform of earth with sloping 
sides, usually laid with turf; flat 
roof on an oriental house ; large 
open balcony or gallery ; row of 
houses : v.t. to form into a terrace. 

terra cotta (kot'a), n. a composition 
of fine clay and sand used for stat- 
ues, «S:c., and hardened by heat ; a 
work of art executed in terra cotta. 

terra Japonica (ja-pon'i-ka), n. 
pale catechu or gambler. 

terrapin ('a-pin), n. a species of 
fresh-water tortoise, much esteemed 
for food. 

terraqueous (-a'kwe-us), adj. con- 
sisting of land and water._ 

terrestrial (-es'tri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to, existing on, or consisting of, 
earth ; belonging to the present 
world ; not celestial. 

terrestrially (-i), adv. in a terres- , 
trial manner. 

terret Cet), n. one of the rings on 
a harness-pad through which the fe 
driving reins pass. 

terrible (ter'i-bl), adj. exciting or 
causing fear or awe ; dreadful ; ex- 
treme ; severe. 

terribleness (-nes), n. dreadfulness. 

terribly (-bli), adv. violently; dread- 
fully. 

terrier ('i-er), n. a breed of small 
dogs. 



fite, arm, isk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; booni 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



ter 



800 



t«s 



terrify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. terri- 
fied, p.pr. terrifying], to frighten or 
alarm exceedingly. 

territorial (-i-to'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to a territory ; limited to a par- 
ticular district. 

territorially (-li), adv. as regards 
territory. 

territory ('i~to-ri), n. [pi. territo- 
ries (-riz) ], the extent of land with- 
in the jurisdiction of a state, sov- 
ereign, city, &c. ; large tract of land. 

Territory, n. an undeveloped region, 
under a temporary government, that 
ultimately may become a State ; e. 
g. the United States, and Canadian 
Territories. 

terror ('er), n. extreme fear; fright; 
one who excites extreme fear. 

terrcrism (-izm), n. a system of 
government by terror ; intimidation. 

terrorist (-ist), n. one who governs 
by terror, especially an agent of the 
revolutionary tribunal during the 
Reign of Terror in France. 

terrorize (-iz), v.t. to intimidate or 
coerce by terror. 

terry ('i), n. a heavy corded pile 
fabric. 

terse (ters), adj. elegantly and forci- 
bly concise. 

tersely ('li), adv. in a terse manner. 

terseness ('nes), n. quality of being 
terse. 

tertian (ter'shan), adj. occurring, or 
recurring, every third day : n. an in- 
termittent fever the paroxysms of 
which recur every other day. 

tertiary ('shi-a-ri), adj. of the third 
order, rank, or formation. 

tessellate (tes'el-at), v.t. to lay with 
squares or checkered work. 

tessera ('e-ra), n. [pi. tesserae (-re)], 
a cube of marble, glass, &c., used in 
mosaic work. 

test (test), n. anything by which the 
nature of a substance is tried; ex- 
amination by a cupel ; standard ; 
discrimination ; proof : v.t. to put to 
the proof; compare with a stand- 
ard ; try ; refine in a cupel ; examine 
or try by means of a reagent. 

testa (tes'ta), n. [pi. testae ('te)], 
the outer integument or covering of 
a seed; shelly covering of certain 
animals. 



testaceous (-ta'shus), adj. consist- 
ing of, or having, a hard shell. 

testacy Cta-si), n. the state or fact 
of leaving a valid will. 

testament ('ta-ment), n. a solemn, 
authentic instrument in writing dis- 
posing of the estate of a person 
deceased ; will. 

Testament, n. one of the two great 
divisions of the Bible. 

testamentary (-men'ta-ri), adj. per- 
taining to, bequeathed by, or done 
by, a will. Also testamental. 

testate ('tat), adj. having left a 
will. 

testator (-ta'ter), n. one who makes 
and leaves a will. Fern, testatrix. 

tester ('ter), n. an old English coin, 
value 6d. ; a flat canopy ; one who 
tests. 

testes ('tez), n.pl. the testicles. 

testicle ('ti-kl), n. one of the two 
glands which secrete the seminal 
fluid in males. 

testify ('ti-fi), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. testi- 
fied, p.pr. testifying] , to bear wit- 
ness ; make a solemn declaration ; 
give evidence : v.t. affirm or declare 
solemnly on oath ; bear witness to. 

testily ('ti-li), adv. in a testy man- 
ner. 

testimonial (-ti-mo'ni-al), n. a writ- 
ing or certificate bearing testimony 
to character, proficiency, &c. ; a 
present given as a token of respect ; 
acknowledgment of services ren- 
dered, &c. : adj. pertaining to, or 
containing testimony. 

testimony (-ti-mo-ni), n. [pi. testi- 
monies (-niz)], evidence; proof; 
solemn declaration ; profession ; the 
two tables of the Law; divine reve- 
lation. 

testiness (test'i-nes), n. peevishness. 

testing ('ing), n. the operation of 
refining gold and silver ; assay ; 
proof; trial. 

testis (tes'tis), n. [pi. testes ('tez)], 
a testicle. 

testudinal (-tu'di-nal), adj. tortoise- 
like. 

testudinate ('di-nat), adj. arched 
like a tortoise's shell. 

testudo (-tu'do), n. [pi. testudines 
('di-nez)], a protective covering 
used by the ancient Roman soldiers 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me. merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
' book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



SHELLS. 




1, Spiny rock; 2 and 30, cockle; 3, pagoda; 4, zebra snail; 5, 10 and 32, pinna; 6, sea-scorpion; T, 
ia-spider; 8, 14, 22 and 29, cowrie; 9, olive; 11 and 27, tiger-striped and watered pecten; 12, bulls; 11^ 
3 and 24, helix snails; 15 and 31, turreted and spiny monodonta; 16, trochos; 17, cassis; 18, cerithiumj 
i. pectunculus; 20, conus; 21, staircase; 25, strombus; 26, headless mollusk; 28, long-spined limpet. 



WILD FLOWERS. 




1. Trailing arbutus; 2, marsh-marigold; 3, camomile; 4, larkspur; 5. columbine; 6, wild orchli 
7. goldenn.d; 8. cowslip; 9, fringed gentian; 10. senna; 11. hepatica; 12, bloodroot; 13. chicory; i 
Tlolet; 15, cattail; 16, spring-beauty. 



tea 



801 



tlia 



in besieging a city, by overlapping 
their shields ; a screen to shelter 
miners in places likely to cave in ; 
an encysted tumor. 

testy (tes'ti), adj. [comp. testier, su- 
perl. testiest] , peevish ; morose ; 
irritable. 

t«tanus (tet'a-nus), n. lockjaw. 

tetchy, same as techy. 

tete-a-tete (tat-ii-tat'), **• private or 
confidential conversation ; a kind of 
settee. 

tete-de-pont (-de-p6ng'), n. [pi. 
tetes-de-pont], a work thrown up to 
defend the entrance of a bridge. 

tether (teth'er) , n. a rope for con- 
fining an animal within certain lim- 
its ; scope or freedom allowed : v.t. 
to confine, as an animal, within 
certain limits. 

tetra, a prefloB meaning four, as tetra- 
branchiate, adj. having four bran- 
chiae or gills. 

tetrachord (tet'ra-kord), n. half of 
the octave scale [Music] ; an in- 
strument with four strings. 

tetrad ('rad), n. the number 4; col- 
lection of four things ; tetravalent 
radical or element. 

tetragon ('ra-gon), n. a plane figure 
with four sides and four angles. 

Tetragrammatoii (-gram'a-ton), n. 
the mystic number 4 symbolical 
among the ancient Jews of the Deity. 

tetrahedral (-he'dral), adj. four- 
sided. 

tetrahedron (-he'dron), n. a solid 
figure bounded by four triangles. 

tetrameter (te-tram'e-ter), n. a 
verse or line consisting of four 
measures. 

tetrapod (tet'ra-pod), n. a four- 
footed insect. 

tetrarch (te'trark), n. a Roman gov- 
ernor whose jurisdiction extended 
over the fourth part of a province ; 
petty prince. 

tetrarchate (-at), n. the office or 
jurisdiction of a tetrarch. Also 
tetrarchy. 

tetrastyle (tet'ra-stil), n. a building 
or portico with four columns in 
front. 

tetter ('er), n. a cutaneous disease 
characterized by itching and red- 
ness ; herpes. 



Teuton (tti'ton), n. one of the Ger- 
man race. 

Teutonic ('ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
characteristic of, the Teutons or the 
Teutonic languages, Low German, 
Scandinavian, and High German. 

Teutonism ('on-izm), n. a German- 
ism. 

texas (teks'as), n. the pilot-house, 
&c., on the hurricane deck of a 
steamer. ,' 

text (tekst), n. that on which a com- \ 
ment is written ; original words of 
an author ; verse, &c., of Scripture 
forming the subject of a sermon ; 
topic ; theme for composition, argu- 
ment, &c. ; text-hand. 

text-book ('book), n. a standard 
book of instruction. 

text-hand ('hand), n. a large hand 
in writing. 

textile (teks'til), adj. pertaining to, 
or formed by, weaving ; capable of 
being woven. 

textual ('tu-al), adj. pertaining to, 
contained in, or serving for, a text. 

texture ('tiir), n. manner of weav- 
ing ; web ; disposition of the several 
parts of a body in connection with 
each other ; filaments or fibers inter- 
woven ; tissue. 

thalamus (thal'a-mus), n. the place 
where a nerve originates or is sup- 
posed to originate; receptacle of a 
flower. 

thalassic (tha-las'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or formed in, the sea. 

thalassography (thal-as-og'ra-fi), n. 
the science of marine organisms. 

thaler (ta'ler), n, a German silver 
coin, value about 72 cents. 

thallium (thal'i-um), n. a rare me- 
tallic element. 

than (*7ian), conj. used after the 
comparative degree of adjectives/ 
and adverbs expressing diversity or; 
comparison. * 

thanage (than'aj), n. the district or 
jurisdiction of a thane. 

thanatoid (than'a-toid), adj. death- 
like. 

thanatolog:y (-^.-tol'o-ji), n. a trea- 
tise on, or the doctrine of, death. 

thane (than), n. a title of honor or 
dignity among the Anglo-Saxons, 



ate, arm, &sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, fh&a.. 



tHa 



802 



the 



held by persons having large terri- 
torial possessions, 

thaneship ('ship), n. the dignity, 
state, or property of a thane. 

thank (thangk), v.t. to express grati- 
tude or obligation to. 

thankful ('fool), adj. grateful. 

thankfully (-li), adv. gratefully. 

thankless ('les), adj. ungrateful; 
not obtaining or deserving thanks. 

thanks (thangks), n.pl. an expres- 
sion of gratitude or obligation. 

thanksgiving (thangks-giv'ing), n. 
the act of expressing gratitude for 
favors and mercies ; a public cele- 
bration of divine goodness ; a day 
so set apart. 

Thanksgiving Day (da), n. a day 
set apart annually, usually the last 
Thursday in November, for thanks- 
giving to God for national mercies. 

that (thsit), pron. & adj. [pi. those 
(thoz)], not this but the other: 
conj. because ; since. 

thatch (thach), n. straw, reeds, &c., 
used for covering the roofs of cot- 
tages, stacks, &c. : v.t. to cover with, 
or as with, tha-^ch. 

thaumatrope (thaw'ma-trop), n. an 
optical toy for showing 'the per- 
sistence of an impression on the eye 
after the luminous object is with- 
drawn. 

thaumaturgic (-ter'jik), adj. per- 
taining to, or done by, thaumatur- 
gy : n. legerdemain ; magical feats. 

thaumaturgy ('ma-ter-ji), n. the 
act of performing miracles ; legerde- 
main ; magic. 

thaw (thaw)', v.i. to melt or become 
liquid, as ice or snow ; become milder 
or more genial : v.t. to dissolve : n. 
the melting of ice or snow by rise 
of temperature. 

thea (the'a), n. the tea plant. 

theater, theatre ('a-ter), n. a pub- 
lic building where dramatic repre- 
sentations are given ; large room 
arranged for lectures, anatomical 
demonstrations, &c. ; scene or sphere 
of action. 

theatrical (-at'ri-kal), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or adapted for, a theater, or 
scenic representations ; resembling 
the manner of actors ; histrionic. 



pompous : n.pl. dramatic perform- 
ances. 

theatrically (-li), adv. in a manner 
adapted for the stage. 

theatrophone ('ro-fon), n. an auto- 
matic telephone connected with a 
theater by which a person may hear 
a dramatic performance while seat- 
ed at home. 

thebaine ('b^-in), n. a poisonous 
alkaloid found in opium. Also the- 
bin. 

Theban ('ban), adj. pertaining to 
Thebes, or to its inhabitants. 

Theban Year (yer), n. the ancient 
Egyptian year consisting of 365 
days, 6 hours. 

theca ('ka), n. a sheath; seed-case 
of a fern. 

thee (the), pron. objective case of 
thou. 

theft (theft), n. the act of stealing; 
robbery. 

theine (the'in), n. the bitter and vol- 
atile principle of tea, identical with 
caffeine in coffee. 

theirs (tharz), pron.pl. possessive 
case of they. 

theism (the'izm), n. the belief in the 
existence of a God : opposed to 
atheism. 

theist ('ist), n. one who believes in 
the existence of a God : opposed to 
atheist. 

theistic ('ik), adj. pertaining to the- 
ism or theists. Also theistical. 

them (them), pron. the objective case 
of they. 

theme (them), n. the subject or topic 
of a discourse or dissertation ; short 
essay on a given subject ; radical of 
a noun or verb ; series of notes se- 
lected as the subject of a new com- 
position [Music]. 

then (tlien), conj. in consequence; 
therefore ; in that case : adv. next ; 
at that or another time ; imme- 
diately. 

thence (thens), adv. from that place 
or time. 

theobromine (the'o-bro'min), n. an 
alkaloid contained in cacao-beans. 

theocracy (-ok'ra-si), n. the govern- 
ment of a state by the immediate 
direction of God ; the state thus gov- 
erned. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



the 



803 



the 



theocrasy ('ra-si), n. a mixture of 
the worship of different deities, as 
of God and idols ; the intimate 
union of the soul with God in con- 
templation. 

theocrat ('o-krat), n. one living un- 
der a theocracy. 

theocratic (-krat'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to a theocracy ; administered by 
the immediate direction of God. 

theodicy (-od'i-si), n. a vindication 
of the dealings of divine Providence, 
and the freedom of the human will. 

theodolite (-od'o-lit), n. an instru- 
ment for measuring horizontal and 
vertical angles and ascertaining dis- 
tances and heights. 

theodolitic (-lit'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, or ascertained by means of, the 
theodolite. 

theogony (-og'o-ni), n. that branch 
of mythology which treats of the 
origin or genealogy of ancient dei- 
ties ; a poem treating of such gene- 
alogies. 

theologian (-o-l6'ji-an), n. one 
versed in theology ; professor of di- 
vinity; a divine. 

theological (-loj'i-kal), adj. pertain- 
ing to theology. 

theology (-ol'o-ji ),"?*. [pi. theologies 
(-jiz)], the science that treats of 
the existence, nature, and attributes 
of God, especially of man's relations 
to God ; divinity. 

theophamy (-of'a-ni), n. a manifesta- 
tion of God to man by actual ex- 
perience. 

theorbo (-6r'bo), n. a kind of large 
lute with two necks. 

theorem ('o-rem), n. a proposition to 
be proved. 

theoretical (-6-ret'i-kal), adj. per- 
taining to, or depending on, theory ; 
not practical ; speculative. Also 
theoretic. 

theoretically (-li), adv. in or by 
theory. 

theoretics ('iks), n.pl. the specula- 
tive part of a science. 

theorist ('o-rist), n. one who theo- 
rizes; speculatist. 

theorize ('o-riz), v/.i. to form a the- 
ory or theories ; speculate. 

theory ('o-ri), n. [pi. theories (-riz) ], 
an exposition of the abstract prin- 



ciples of a science or art considered 
apart from practice ; hypothesis ; 
philosophical explanation of moral 
or physical phenomena. 

theosophic (-o-sof'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to theosophy or theosophists. 
Also theosophical. 

theosophism (-os'o-fizm), n. preten- 
sion to divine wisdom or illumina- 
tion. 

theosophist ('o-fist), n. a believer in 
theosophy. Also theosoph. 

theosophy ('o-fi), n. a system of 
philosophy which professes to inves- 
tigate the unexplained laws of na- 
ture, the powers of man over nature, 
and the direct knowledge of God at- 
tained by extraordinary illumina- 
tion. 

therapeutic (ther-a-pu'tik), adj. 
curative : n.pl. the art or science of 
curing diseases. 

there {thav) , adv. in that place; at 
that point or stage. 

therefore (tJiar' or ther'tor), adv. & 
conj. for that or this reason ; for 
that reason or purpose. 

therm, a prefix meaning heat. Also 
thermo. 

thermae (ther'me), n.pl. hot springs 
or baths. 

thermal ('mal), adj. pertaining to 
heat : warm. 

thermetrograph (-met'ro-graf), n. a 
self-registering thermometer. Also 
thermometrograph. 

thermometer (-mom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring the degree 
of heat or temperature of bodies. 

thermometric (-mo-met'rik), adj. 
pertaining to, made, or ascertained 
by, a thermometer. Also thermo- 
metrical. 

thermometrically (-al-i), adv. by 
means of a thermometer. 

thermopile ('mo-pil), n. an instru- 
ment for indicating slight variations 
of temperature. 

thermoscope ('mo-skop), n. an in- 
strument indicating relative differ- 
ences in temperature. 

thermostat ('mo-stat), n. an auto- 
matic apparatus for regulating tem- 
perature. 

therm.otic (-mot'ik), adj. pertaining 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; bo6n, 
book; hue, hut; think, thf^n. 



the 



804 



thi 



to, or produced by, heat : n.pl. the 
science of heat. 

thermotropism ('ro-pizm), n. the 
phenomena exhibited by some plants 
of turning towards the sun or source 
of heat. 

thesaurus (the-saw'rus), n. a store- 
house or treasury ; lexicon or di':- 
tionary. 

these, pi. of this. 

thesis (the'sis), n. [pi. theses ('sez)], 
an essay or dissertation on some 
particular subject ; subject set a 
Student on which to write prior to 
granting him a degree ; the exercise 
itself ; in logic, an affirmation. 

Thespian ('pi-an), adj. pertaining to 
Thespis, the founder of Greek 
drama : hence dramatic. 

theta (the'ta), n. the Greek tJi ((9), 

theurgic (-er'jik), adj. pertaining to 
theurgy or supernatural magic. 

the-ws (thuz), n.pl. muscles; strength. 

they, pi. of he, she, or it. 

thick ( thik ) , adj. not thin ; compact ; 
dense ; not clear or transparent ; 
misty ; muddy ; indistinct ; dull ; 
very intimate ; closely set ; crowded ; 
following in quick succession : adv. 
closely ; indistinctly : to a great 
depth ; fast : n. the thickest part. 

thicken ('n), v.t. to make thick or 
thicker ; render dense ; inspissate ; 
make dark or obscure : v.i. become 
thick or thicker. 

thickening ('en-ing), n. something 
added to a liquid mass to make it 
thicker. 

thicket Cet) , n. a close wood or clus- 
ter of trees. 

thickset ('set), adj. closely planted; 
having a thick body : n. a close, 
thick hedge. 

thief (thef),M. [pL thieves (thevz)], 
one who takes unlawfully what is 
not his own. 

thieve (thev), v.t. & v.i. to steal. 

thievish ('ish), adj. addicted to 
theft; dishonest; obtained by steal- 
ing. 

thigh (thi), n. the thick muscular 
part of the leg between the knee and 
the trunk. 

thill (thil), n, the shaft of a cart or 
other vehicle ; floor of a coal mine. 

thiller ('er), n. the shaft horse. 



thimhle (thim'bl), n. a cup-shaped 
metallic protective cover for the fin- 
ger in sewing ; anything like a thim- 
ble ; an iron ring belonging to a sail^ 
fitted to receive a rope. 

thimble-rig (-rig), n. a sleight-of- 
hand trick in which a pea is pre- 
tended to be hidden under one of 
three thimbles : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
-rigged, p.pr. -rigging], to cheat by 
means of the thimble-rig trick. 

thin (thin), adj. [conip. thinner, su- 
perl. thinnest], having little thick- 
ness ; slim ; slender ; not dense or 
thick ; not close or crowded ; poor ; 
slight ; meager ; not full or well 
grown : adv. not thickly : v.t. to 
make thin ; attenuate : v.i. to grow 
thin. 

thine (thin), pron. & adj. belonging 
to, relating to, or being the property 
of, thee. 

thing (thing), n. whatever is dis- 
tinct, or conceived to be distinct, 
from one's self or other intelligent 
beings ; inanimate matter ; part or 
portion ; an object of pity and con- 
tempt : pi. clothes ; furniture ; lug- 
gage, &c. 

think (thingk), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. 
thought, p.pr. thinking], to have the 
mind occupied on some subject ; 
form an opinion by reasoning; be- 
lieve ; judge ; intend or purpose ; 
imagine ; recollect ; consider or re- 
flect ; presume : v.t. to imagine. 

thinkable ('a-bl), adj. conceivable. 

thinking ('ing), adj. having the fac- 
ulty of thought ; capable of a regular 
train of thought : n. meditation ; 
judgment. 

thinness (thin'nes), n. the state or 
quality of being thin. 

third ( therd ) , adj. the next after the 
second : the ordinal of three ; noting 
one of P> equal parts : n. a third part 
of anything ; an interval of three 
diatonic sounds and two intervals 
[Music]. 

thirst (therst), n. the sensation of a 
desire to drink ; great desire for 
drink ; drought ; eager desire : v.i. to 
be thirsty. 

thirstily ('i-li), adv. in a thirsty 
manner. 



ate, firm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



till 



805 



thr 



thirstiness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being thirsty. 

thirsty Ci), adj. [comp. thirstier, su- 
perl. thirstiest], feeling thirst. 

thirteen ( ther'ten ) , adj. 10 and 3 : n. 
the number of 10 and 3. 

thirteentli ('tenth), adj. next in or- 
der after the twelfth : the ordinal of 
thirteen. 

thirtieth ('ti-eth), adj. next in order 
after the twenty-ninth. 

thirty ('ti), adj. three times more 
than 10 : n. the sum of three tens. 

this (this), pron. & adj. [pi. these, 
( thez ) _] , that which is present ; that 
which is just now or last mentioned. 

thistle (this'l), n. a plant with a 
prickly stem and leaves, of the genus 
Carduus. 

thither (thith'er), adv. to that place 
or end. 

thole (thol), n. a pin set in the gun- 
wale of a boat to serve as a fulcrum 
for the oar. 

thong (thong) , n. a thin leather strap 
or string for fastening something; 
striking part of a whip. 

thoracic (tho-ras'ik), adj. pertaining 
to the thorax. 

thorax ('raks), n. the chest, contain- 
ing the heart, lungs, &c. ; breast- 
plate or cuirass. 

thorite (tho'rit), n. an isometric 
mineral ; a powerful high explosive. 

thorium ('ri-um), n. a rare metallic 
element. Also thorinum. 

thorn (thSrn), n. a prickle or spine; 
prickly tree or shrub ; anything that 
troubles or annoys ; care. 

thornback ('bak), n. a species of 
spiny ray or skate. 

thorny ('i), adj. full of thorns; har- 
assing ; annoying. 

thorough (thur'o), adj. passing 
through or to the end ; perfect ; fin- 
ished; complete. 

thorough bass (bas), n. the science 
of harmony ; an accompaniment to 
a continued bass by means of figures 
[Music j. 

thorough-bred (-bred), adj. of pure 
and unmixed breed ; completely in- 
structed ; accomplished ; high-spir- 
ited. 

thoroughfare (-far), n. a passage 



from one street opening to another ; 
an unobstructed way for traflfic. 

thoroughly (-li), adv. completely; 
fully. 

thorough-paced (past), adj. going 
all lengths ; complete. 

those, pi. of that. 

thou (thon), pron. [pi. you], 2 per, 
sing, of I. 

though (tho), conj. granting, or sup- 
posing that ; notwithstanding that ; 
if : adv. nevertheless ; however. 

thought ( thawt ) , n. the act of think- 
ing ; that which the mind thinks ; 
meditation ; study ; care or anxiety : 
p.t. & p.p. of think. 

thoughtful ('fool), adj. full of 
thought ; contemplative ; attentive ; 
considerate for others ; anxious or 
careful. 

thoughtfully ('i) , adv. in a thought- 
ful manner ; with thought. 

thoughtless ('les), adj. unthinking; 
heedless ; inattentive ; inconsiderate. 

thought-reading ('re-ding), n. the 
act or art of discerning what anoth- 
er person is thinking of ; mind-read- 
ing. 

thought-reader ('re-der), n. one 
who practices thought-reading. 

thousand (thou'zand), adj. consist- 
ing of 1,000 : n. 1,000 ; a large num- 
ber. 

thousandth ('zaiidth), adj. next in 
order after 999th : the ordinal of 
1,000. 

thraldom (thrawl'dum), n. serfdom; 
slavery. 

thrall (thrawl), n. a slave; serf. 

thrash (thrash), v.t. to beat out 
(grain) from the husk; beat or flog 
soundly : v.i. to perform the opera- 
tion of thrashing; drudge. 

thrasher ('er), n. one who thrashes; 
a species of shark, the sea-fox ; a 
thrashing machine. 

thrashing ('ing), n. the operation of 
separating grain from the husk; a 
sound flogging. 

thread (thred), n. a very thin line or 
cord of flax, cotton, silk, or other 
fibrous substance twisted and drawn 
out ; a filament ; uniform tenor ; 
something continued in a long 
course; spiral part of a screw: v.t. 



3-te, arm, ksk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; bOdn^ 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



til. 



806 



to pass through the eye of ; pierce 
through. 

threadbare ('bar), adj. worn to the 
threads ; poverty-stricken ; hack- 
neyed ; dull. 

threat (thret), n. a menace: v.t. & 
v.i. to menace. 

threaten ('n), v.i. to use threats : v.t. 
terrify by menaces. 

threatening (-ing), n. the act of one 
who threatens ; menace : adj. indi- 
cating a menace or some impending 
evil. 

three (thre)p adj. noting the sum of 
2 and 1: n. sl number the sum of 2 
and 1. 

threepence (thrip'ens), n. sl small 
British silver coin, value 6 cents. 

threnody (thren'6-di), n. a dirge. 

thresh, same as thrash. 

threshold (thresh'old) , n. the sill of 
a door ; entrance ; door ; place or 
point of entrance. 

thre-w, p.t. of throw. 

thrice (thris), adv. three times; re- 
peatedly. 

thrift (thrift), n. frugality; econom- 
ical management ; good husbandry ; 
increase of wealth ; profit ; a plant, 

thriftily ('i-li), adv. in a thrifty 
manner. 

thriftiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being thrifty. 

thrifty ('i), adj. [comi). thriftier, su- 
perl. thriftiest], characterized by 
economy and good management ; 
frugal. 

thrill (thril), v.t. to pierce; cause to 
have a shivering, tingling, or ex- 
quisite sensation : v.i. to penetrate, 
as something sharp ; feel a sharp 
tingling or exquisite sensation run- 
ning through the whole body ; quiv- 
er : n. a thrilling sensation ; quiver. 

thrive (thriv), v.i. {p.t. thrived, 
throve, p.p. thrived, thriven, p.pr. 
thriving], to prosper by industry, 
economy, and good management ; in- 
crease or prosper in business, &c. ; 
grow rich ; grow vigorously or lux- 
uriantly ; increase or flourish. 

thriving ('ing), p.adj. increasing in 
wealth ; prosperous or successful ; 
growing. 

thro*, contr. of through. 

throat (throt), n. the fore-part of 



the neck of an animal containing 
the windpipe and gullet ; contracting 
part of a vessel, &c. 

throatiness ('i-nes), n. gu\tural ut- 
terance. 

throaty ('i), adj. guttural. 

throb (throb), v.i. to beat, as the 
pulse, with more than usual force ; n 
palpitate : n. a strong pulsation. 

throe (thro), n. agony; extreme pain, 
especially in parturition : v.i. to be 
in agony. 

thrombosis (throm-bo'sis), n. the 
obstruction of a blood-vessel by a 
clot of blood. 

throne (thron), n. a chair of state; 
sovereign power and dignity : v.t. to 
place upon a throne ; exalt. 

throng ( throng ) , w. a multitude ; 
crowd : v.t. to crowd or press to- 
gether ; annoy with numbers : v.i. to 
come in multitudes. 

throstle ( thros'l ) , n. the song-thrush ; 
a machine for spinning wool and 
cotton. 

throstling ('ling), n., a disease in 
cattle, characterized by a swelling in 
the throat. 

throttle (throt'l), v.t. to strangle or 
choke by pressure on the windpipe; 
n. the windpipe ; a throttle-valve. 

throttle- valve (-valv), n. a valve in 
the steam-pipe of a boiler for con- 
trolling the flow of steam to any ap- 
paratus. 

through (throo), prep, from end to 
end of ; between the sides of ; in the 
midst of ; among ; by the agency of : 
adv. from end to end ; from the be- 
ginning to the end. 

throve, p.t. of thrive. 

thro-w (thro), v.t. [p.t. threw, p.p. 
thrown, p.pr. throwing], to fling or 
hurl ; cast to a distance ; cast in any 
manner ; propel ; overturn ; put on j 
hastily or carelessly ; strip ; shape 
or form roughly ; give utterance to ; 
produce ; twist or wind : n. the act 
of flinging or hurling ; a cast of dice ; 
distance a missile can be thrown ; 
stroke, as of a slide-valve; potter's 
wheel. 

thrum (thrum), n. the end of a 
weaver's thread ; coarse yarn : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. thrummed, p.pr. thrum- 
ming] , to fringe or put tufts on ; play 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; raite, mit; note, nOrth, not ; b65n, 
hook; hue, hut; think, ^^en. 



tlir 



807 



thy 



idly or unskilfully on (a stringed in- 
strument) with the fingers : v.i. to 
strum ; drum. 

thrush (thrush), n. a sweet-songed 
bird of the genus Merula ; a disease 
of infants characterized by minute 
white ulcers in the mouth and 
fauces ; an inflammatory and sup- 
purating affection in the feet of 
horses. 

thrust (thrust), v.t. to push or drive 
with force ; urge or impel : v.i. to 
push forward ; enter by pushing ; in- 
trude ; attack with a pointed weap- 
on : n, a violent or sudden push ; 
stab. 

thrusting ('ing), n. the act of push- 
ing with force or violence : pi. white 
whey expressed from the curd. 

thud (thud), n. a dull sound produced 
by a body falling on a comparative- 
ly soft substance. 

thug (thug), n. one of a fraternity of 
robbers and assassins in India who 
practiced secret murder as an act of 
propitiation to the goddess Kali ; a 
ruffian. 

thuggee (-e'), n. the practice of mur- 
der by the thugs. Also thuggism, 
thuggery. 

Thule (thti'le), n. the name given by 
the ancient geographers to the most 
northern part of the world as then 
known. 

thumb (thum), n. the short, thick 
digit of the human hand : v.t. to 
handle awkwardly ; soil with the 
thumb : v.i. to play awkwardly. 

thumbscre-w ( 'skroo ) , n. s. screw to 

[ turn with the finger and thumb ; an 

I instrument of torture for compress- 

" ing the thumb. Also thumbkins. 

thummiiu ('im), n.pl. a mysterious 
symbol worn on the breastplate of 
the Jewish high- priest signifying 
perfection. 

thump (thump), n. a hard, heavy 
blow : v.t. to strike or beat with dull 
heavy blows : v.i. to fall or strike 
with a dull heavy blow. 

thumper ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, thumps ; something huge ; 
barefaced lie. 

thunder (thun'der), n. the noise ac- 
companying a flash of lightning; 
loud noise ; an alarming denuncia- 



tion or threat : v.i. to produce thun- 
der ; make a loud noise : v.t. to utter 
with a loud and threatening voice. 

thunderbolt (-bolt), n. a shaft of 
lightning ; something resembling 
lightning in suddenness and terror ; 
dreadful denunciation, especially ec- 
clesiastical censure ; daring or irre- 
sistible hero ; a belemnite. 

thundering (-ing), adj. emitting, or 
producing a great noise like thun- 
der ; very great : n. the report ac- 
companying a discharge of lightning. 

thunderstruck (-struk), p. adj. as- 
tonished or struck dumb by sudden 
amazement, &c. 

thundery (-i), adj. produced by, or 
accompanied with, thunder. Also 
thunderous. 

thurible (thu'ri-bl), n. sl censer. 

thurifer ('ri-fer), w. one who attends 
the priest at mass, &c., and carries 
the thurible. 

Thursday (therz'da), n. the fifth day 
of the week. 

thus (tJins), adv. in this or that man- 
ner ; to this degree or extent ; so : n. 
(thus) the resin of the spruce fir. 

th-wack (thwak), v.t. to strike with 
something flat and heavy ; thump : 
n. a heavy blow with something 
blunt and hard ; thump. 

th-wart (thwawrt), adj. crosswise; 
oblique : prep, & adv. across : n. a 
seat in a boat extending from side to 
side : v.t. oppose ; run counter to ; 
frustrate. 

thy (thi), pron. pass, case of thou. 

thyine (thi'in), adj. noting a kind of 
wood of the cedar family yielding a 
resin called sandarach. 

thylacine (thil'a-sin), n. the zebra 
wolf of New Zealand. 

thyme (tim), n. a common aromatic 
herb of the genus Thymus. 

thyroid (thi'roid) , adj. shield-shaped : 
noting one of the cartilages of the 
larynx. 

thyrsoid (ther'soid), adj. thyrsus- 
shaped. 

thyrsus ('sus), n. [pi. thyrsi ('si)], 
a staff or spear entwined with ivy 
and vine leaves and grapes with a 
cone at the top, carried at the festi- 
vals of Bacchus by his devotees. 

thyself, emphatic for thy. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; booHt 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



tia 8 

tiara (ti-a'rd), n. the triple crown 
worn by the Pope ; a lofty headdress 
worn by the ancient Persians ; the 
miter of the Jewish high priest ; 
diadem. 

tibia (tib'i-§.), n. the inner and larger 
of the two leg bones ; shin-bone. 

tibial ('i-al), adj. pertaining to the 
tibia. 

tic (tik), n. neuralgia. Also tic-dou- 
loureux. 

tick (tik), n. a name for various par- 
asites which infest dogs, sheep, &c. ; 
a case for holding feathers, &c., for 
bedding ; small mark ; small, quick, 
distinct sound or beat ; credit : v.i. 
to make a small, quick, distinct 
sound ; go on credit : v.t. to mark off 
by a tick. 

ticket ('et), n. a label or card giving 
its possessor some specific right ; la- 
bel specifying price, &c., of goods ; 
printed list of candidates at an elec- 
tion : v.t. to distinguish by, or as by, 
a ticket. 

tickling ('ing), n. cloth used for 
bed-ticks. 

tickle ('i), v.t. to touch lightly so as 
to produce a thrilling sensation, usu- 
ally accompanied by laughter ; grat- 
ify and amuse : v.i. to feel titillation. 

tickler ('ler), n. one who, or that 
which tickles ; something puzzling or 
difficult. 

ticklish ('lish), adj. sensible to slight 
touches ; easily tickled ; critical ; pre- 
carious ; difficult ; delicate to handle 
or achieve. 

tickseed ('sed), n. a common name 
for plants of the genera Corisper- 
mum and Coreopsis. 

tidal (tid'ai), adj. pertaining to the 
tides ; ebbing and flowing like the 
tides. 

tide (tid), n. the regular rising and 
falling of the sea, rivers, &c. ; 
stream ; time ; season ; turning- 
point ; tendency ; in mining, period 
of twelve hours : v.t. to drive with 
the stream : v.i. to work in or out of 
a river or harbor by drifting with 
the tide. 

tidily ('i-li), adv. in a tidy manner. 

tidiness ('i-nes), n. neatness. 

tidings ('ingz), n.pl. news. 



8 tig 

tidology (-ol'o-ji), n. the science of 
tides. 

tidy ('i), adj. [comp. tidier, superl. 
tidiest], kept or dressed in proper 
and habitual neatness ; trim ; neat ; 
orderly : n. an ornamental cover for 
the back of a chair, &c. : v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. tidied, p.pr. tidying], to make 
^ neat or tidy ; put in proper order. 

tie (ti), n. a knot or fastening ; bond ; 
obligation ; beam or rod for holding 
two parts together ; equality in num- 
bers ; knot of hair ; curved line 
placed over or under two or more 
notes, signifying they are to be 
slurred, or be sounded as one 
[Music] : v.t. to fasten with, or as 
with, a cord ; bind ; restrict ; unite,. 
as notes [Music] : v.i. to make an 
equal score. 

tier (ter), n. a row or rank, especial- 
ly one of two or more rows placed 
one above the other. 

tierce (ters) , n. a cask of 42 gallons ; 
sequence of three cards ; thrust in 
fencing ; a third [Music] . 

tiercel (ter'sel), n. a male hawk. 

tiff (tif), n. a fit of anger; slight 
quarrel ; small draught of liquor : 
v.i. to be in a fit. 

tiffany ('a-ni), n. a thin gauze or 
silk. 

tige (tezh), n. the shaft of a column 
from the astragal to the capital. 

tiger (ti'ger), n. a large, fierce, rapa- 
cious quadruped of the genus Felis ; 
a servant-boy in livery. 

tiger-flower (-flou-er), n. a flower 
of the Iris order, spotted yellow and 
orange. 

tiger-lily (-lil-i), n. a handsome lily 
having flowers spotted with orange. 

tiger-wood (-wood), n. a valuable 
wood yielded by a tree of British , 
Guiana. '. 

tigkt (tit), adj. not loose; close ;^ 
tenacious ; compactly built ; fitting 
close to the body ; not leaky ; ^ taut ;; 
snug ; parsimonious ; ill-supplied ^ or 
stringent ; drunk : n.pl. closely fitting 
underclotliing worn by actors. 

tighten ('en), v.t. to make tight. 

tigress (ti'gres), n. the female of the 
tiger. 

tigrine ('grin), adj. tigei'-like. 



ate, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book: hue, hut; think, then. 



tig 



809 



tin 



tigrish Cgrish), adj. resembling a 
tiger ; fierce. 

tilde (til'de), n. a mark (— ) placed 
over n in Spanish words to indicate 
that the vowel following it is to be 
sounded as a y. 

tile (til), w. a thin slab of baked clay, 
used for roofing, &c. ; hat ; door of a 
Masonic lodge : v.t. to cover with 
tiles ; guard (the door of a lodge). 

tiler ('er), n. one who roofs houses 
with tiles ; door-keeper of a Masonic 
lodge. Tyler. 

tiliaceous (-i-a'shun), adj. allied to, 
or like, the limetree. 

till- (til), n. a. money drawer in a 
desk or counter ; a glacial deposit of 
unlaminated clay, sand, and gravel : 
prep, to the time of : adv. to the time 
■when : conj. to the degree that ; un- 
til : v.t. to prepare (land) for seed, 
^c. ; cultivate. 

-tillage raj), n. land prepared for 
crops ; husbandry ; agriculture. 

dtiller ('er),w. a husbandman; handle 
or lever for turning the rudder of a 
vessel ; a sprout springing from a 
root or stump. 

"tilt (tilt), n. a tent; the cloth cover- 
ing of a cart or wagon; cover of a 
iboat or stern awning ; a thrust ; a 
mediaeval military exercise or pa- 
,geant in which the combatants on 
horseback attacked each other with 
3ances ; a tilt-hammer ; upheaval of 
strata to a higher angle : v.t. to 
'Cover with an awning ; point or 
i;hrust with, or as with, a lance : 
forge with a tilt-hammer ; raise on 
end ; incline : v.i. to run or ride and 
thrust with a lance. 

^ilth (tilth), n. cultivated land; til- 
lage ground. 

tilt-hammer (tilt'ham-er), n. a 
heavy hammer used in iron foun- 
dries, worked by steam or hydraulic 
power. 

tilting ('ing), n. the process by 
which blister-steel is rendered duc- 
tile ; inclination forward ; act of one 
who, or that which, tilts. 

timber (tim'ber), n. the body or stem 
of a tree ; wood suitable for build- 
ings, carpentry, shipbuilding, &c. ; 
piece of wood for building or al- 



ready framed ; wooded land : v.t. to 
furnish or construct with timber. 

timbre ('ber), h. tone or character 
of musical sound. 

tixubrel ('brel), n, a kind of drum or 
tabret. 

time (tim), n. measure of duration, 
whether past, present, or future; 
particular period of duration ; age 
or period during which anything oc- 
curred or a person lived ; present 
life or existence ; season ; era r 
epoch ; proper time ; repetition ; leis- 
ure ; musical measure or duration of 
sounds ; tense ; hour of travail : v.t. 
to adapt to the time or occasion ; do 
at the proper season ; regulate or 
measure : v.i. to keep or beat time. 

time-bargain (-bar-gen), n. an 
agreement to buy or sell at a certain 
time. 

timeist. Same as timist. 

timeliness ('li-nes), n. seasonable- 
ness. 

timely ('li), adj. [comp. timelier, su- 
perl. timeliest], being or occurring 
in time ; opportune. 

timid (tim'id), adj. wanting in cour- 
^ age ;^ faint-hearted ; fearful. 

timidity ('i-ti), n. want of courage. 

timist (tim'ist), n. one who keeps 
^time [Music]. 

timorous (tim'er-us), adj. fearful of 
danger ; full of scruples. 

timothy grass ('o-thi gras), n. a 
^valuable grass used for fodder. 

till (tin), n. a silvery-white, soft, 
malleable, and fusible metal ; thin 
plates of iron covered with tin ; a 
cylindrical vessel of tin ; money : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. tinned, p.pr. tinning], to 
cover with tin, or with tinned iron ; 
put into tins for preservation. 

tinamou ('a-moo), n. a South Amer- 
ican bird, resembling the partridge. 

tincal (ting'kal), n. crude borax. 

tinctorial (tingk-to'ri-al), adj. per- 
taining to, relating to, or imparting, 
a color. 

tincture ('tiir), n. a tinge or shade 
of color ; slight taste or quality ; so- 
lution of any medicine in or by 
means of spirits of wine; fine or 
more volatile parts of a substance : 
v.t. to dye or color ; tinge. 

tinder ('der), n. any inflammable 



^te, arm, &sk« i&t, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon^ 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



tin 



810 



til^ 



material used to kindle a fire from a 
spark, as rotten wood or scorched 
linen. 

tine (tin), n. a tooth or spike. 

tinfoil (tin'foil), n. tin beaten into 
thin leaf. 

ting (ting), n. a sharp, bell-like 
sound ; that part of a Chinese tem- 
ple which contains the idol. 

tinge (tinj), v.t. to stain or color; 
impregnate with something foreign ; 
dye : n. a slight degree of some color, 
taste, or quality imparted to a sub- 
stance ; tint, 

tingle (ting'gl), v.i. to feel a thrill- 
ing sensation, or pain : v.t. to ring ; 
cause to tingle : n. a thrilling sensa- 
tion or pain. 

tinker (ting'ker), n. a mender of 
metal pots, kettles, &c. : v.t. to patch 
up : v.i. meddle in an officious man- 
ner. 

tinkle ('kl), n. a small, quick, sharp, 
ringing sound : v.i. to make such a 
sound : v.t. to cause to give out a 
tinkle. 

tinned (tind), adj. covered with tin; 
packed or put up in tins. 

tin-plate ('plat), ?i. iron-plate coated 
with tin. 

tinsel ('sel), n. a kind of cloth over- 
laid or interwoven with gold and 
silver ; thin glittering metallic plate ; 
anything showy but of little value ; 
something superficial and gaudy : 

. adj. showy to excess ; superficial ; 
outwardly fine but really worthless : 
v.t. to decorate with, or as with, 
tinsel ; make outwardly gaudy, while 
valueless in reality. 

tint (tint), n. a slight coloring dis- 
tinct from the principal color ; hue 
or shade : v.t. to give a slight color- 
ing to. 

tintinnabulation ( tin-ti-nab-ii-la'- 
shun), n. a tinkling sound, as of 
bells. 

tinto ('to), n. a red Madeira wine. 

tintometer (-tom'e-ter), n. an appa- 
ratus for estimating shades of color 
by comparison with standard shades 
or tints. 

tintype, same as ferrotype. 

tiny (ti'ni), adj. [comp. tinier, su- 
perl. tiniest], very small; puny. 

tip (tip), n. a point or top of any- 



thing small ; end ; ferrule or nozzle ; 
anther ; gentle stroke ; small pres- 
ent ; private hint, especially in bet- 
ting; tilt: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. tipped, 
p.pr. tipping], to form a point to; 
cover the end of ; strike lightly ; give 
private hint to ; give a small pres- 
ent to ; tilt up. 

tipcat ('kat), n. a game played with 
a small piece of wood pointed at 
both ends. 

tipper ('er), n. a kind of ale. 

tippet Cet), n. a narrow cape, or 
covering of cloth or fur for the neck 
or shoulders. 

tipping ('ing), n. the peculiar artic- 
ulation given to the flute by the 
player's tongue striking the roof of 
the mouth. 

tipple ('1), v.i. to drink spirits or 
strong liquors habitually ; drink fre- 
quently in small quantities : n, 
liquor. 

tipsily ('si-li), adv. in a. tipsy man- 
ner. 

tipsiness ('si-nes), n. the state of be- 
ing tipsy. 

tipstaff ('staf), n. a constable. 

tipster ('ster), n. one who supplies 
private information about race- 
horses, &c. 

tipsy ('si), adj. intoxicated. 

tipsy-cake (-kak), n. sponge cake 
soaked in wine and stuck over with 
almonds. 

tiptoe ('to), n. the end of a toe: adv. 
on tiptoe ; stealthily : v.i. to walk or 
stand on tiptoe ; be on the strain, or 
alert. 

tiptop ('top), n. the highest point or 
degree ; best of anything : adj. most 
• excellent. 

tirade (ti-rad'), n. a long, violent, 
declamatory speech ; strain of cen- 
sure or reproof ; filling of an inter- 
val by the intermediate diatonic 
notes. 

tire (tir), n. a band or hoop of iron 
or rubber binding the felloes of 
wheels : v.t. to exhaust the strength 
of by labor ; weary or fatigue ; ex- 
haust the patience of : v.i. to become 
weary or fatigued. 

tiresome ('sum), adj. wearisome; 
tedious; fatiguing; annoying. 



ate, Erm, ftsk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; bOon, 
book: hue, hut; tixink, then. 








V 

>' 





amaran: 

(Longituc 
1 — 2. Common Box. — 3. Cedar. — 4. Coral. — 5. New Guinea. — 6. Royal Wood or Brown Ebi 
Curly Ash. — 13. Padok (island) Mahogany. — 14. Olive. — IS. Rosewood. — 16. Violet-wood. — 1 





IMBER. 

ctions) 

Eye Maple. — 8. Curly Amboyna. — 9. Arbor Vita;. — 10. Sycamore. — 11, 12. Hungarian 
Palisander-wood. — 18. Sandal-wood. 



II 



tir 



811 



tob 



tiresoxuely (-li), adv. in a tiresome 
manner. 

tiresoxueness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being tiresome. 

tirwit (ter'wit), n. the lapwing. 

Tisri (tiz'ri), n. the seventh month of 
the ecclesiastical, and first month of 
the Jewish civil year, corresponding 
to part of September and October. 
Also Tishri. 

tissue (tish'oo), n. a woven fabric, 
especially thin transparent silk used 
for veiling, formerly interwoven 
with gold or silver threads ; any thin 
or delicate texture or fabric; thin 
cellular organization of parts, con- 
sisting of forms closely compacted 
and performing special functions : 
connected series : v.t. to form tissue 
of ; interweave. 

tissued ('ood),) adj. variegated. 

tissue-paper (-pa-per), n. very thin, 
gauze-like paper. 

tit (tit), n. morsel or bit; small 
horse ; titmouse ; name for various 
species of small singing birds. 

titanic (tl-tan'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, characteristic of, or like the Ti- 
tans, the fabled giants of classic 
mythology: hence, huge; of enor- 
mous strength. 

titanium (-ta'ni-um), n. a rare, and 
extremely hard metal, allied to tin : 
found in combination. 

titbit ('bit), n. a choice morsel. 

tit-for-tat (-tat), n. exact equiva- 
lent or fair retaliation. 

tithe (tith), n. the tenth part of any- 
thing, especially the tenth part of 
the annual increase of the profit 
arising from land, stock, &c., allotted 
to the support of the clergy ; small 
part : v.t. to tax or levy a tithe of. 

ftitbing ('ing), n. the taking or levy- 
ing of tithes. 

titillate (tit'i-lat), v.t. to tickle. 

titillation (-la'shun), n. a tickling 
or itching sensation or state of feel- 
ing. 

titivate ('i-vat), v.t. to make smart 
or adorn. 

titlark ('lark), n. any small singing 
bird of the genus Anthus. 

title (ti'tl), n. an inscription over or 
at the beginning of something serv- 
ing to designate it; name; appella- 



tion of dignity, rank, distinction, or 
preeminence ; claim of right ; presen- 
tation to a curacy as a condition of 
ordination : v.t. to entitle. 

title-deed (-ded), n. the instrument 
or written evidence of right of own- 
ership of property. 

titmouse (tit'mous), n. [pi. titmice 
('mis)], a small, active, perching 
bird. Also tit. 

titrate (tit'rat), v.t. to estimate or 
determine the strength of by volu- 
metric analysis. 

titration (ti-tra'shun), n. volumetric 
analysis. 

titter (tit'er), v.i. to laugh with re- 
straint ; giggle ; see-saw : w. a re 
strained laugh. 

tittle ( tit'l ), n. a small particle ; iota. 

tittle-tattle (-tat'l), n. idle, trifling 
talk. 

titular ('ti-lar), adj. existing in name 
or title only ; nominal : n. one who 
is invested with a title to an oflSce, 
but does not possess the power and 
authority appertaining to it. 

to (too) , prep, noting motion towards ; 
in accordance with. 

toad (tod), n. a batrachian reptile, 
resembling the frog, of the genus 
Bufo. 

toadeater ('et-er), n. a sycophant. 

toadfisb ('fish), n. a fish with a large 
head and wide mouth, of the genus 
Batrachus. 

toadstone ('ston), n. a local name 
for a kind of basaltic or igneous 
rock ; bufonite. 

toadstool ('stool), n. a name of nu- 
merous species of fungi of the genus 
Agaricus. 

toady ('i), n. a sycophant: v.t. [p.t. 
& p.p. toadied, p.pr. toadying], to 
fawn upon as a sycophant : v.i. to 
play the sycophant. 

toadysim (-izm), n. sycophancy. 

toast (tost), n. bread scorched or 
browned before the fire ; one who is 
named when a health is drunk : v.t. 
to brown or heat at the fire ; show 
honor to in drinking ; name when a 
health is drunk. 

tobacco (to-bak'o), n. an American 
plant of the genus Nicotiana, the 
dried leaves of which are used for 
smoking, chewing, or as snuff. 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



tob 



812 



torn 



tobacconist (-nist), n. a dealer in 

tobacco, cigars, &c. 

tobine ('bin), n. a stout, twilled, 
dress silk. 

toboggan (-bog'an), n. a kind of 
sledge in which one or more persons 
sit for sliding down snow-covered 
hills or inclines : v.i. to slide down- 
hill by means of a toboggan. 

tocsin (tok'sin), n. an alarm-bell. 

toddle ( tod'l ) , v.*. to walk with short, 
tottering steps like a child : n. a tod- 
dling walk. 

toddler ('ler), n. one who toddles; a 
young child. 

toddy ('i), n. a sweet juice obtained 
from certain palms ; mixture of spir- 
it and water sweetened. 

tody (to'di), n. a small West Indian 
bird. 

toe (to), n. one of the terminal mem- 
bers of the foot of a man or animal ; 
forepart of a horse's hoof ; a projec- 
tion : v.t. to touch, reach, or strike 
with the toe or toes. 

toffy (tof'i), n. a sweetmeat; taffy. 

toga (to-ga), n. [pi. togas ('gaz), 
togse Cje) ], the loose outer garment 
worn by the ancient Romans. 

toga virilis (vir'il-is), n. the toga 
assumed by Roman youths at the 
age of fourteen. 

together (too-geth'er) , adv. in com- 
pany or association ; mutually ; in 
union or concert ; uninterruptedly. 

toggery (tog'er-i), n. clothes; arti- 
cles. 

toggle ('1), n. a small wooden pin 
tapering towards both ends and 
grooved round its center ; button or 
frog. 

toggle-joint (-joint), n. an elbow or 
knee joint. 

toil (toil) , n. labor oppressive to mind 
or body ; fatiguing exertion ; snare ; 
net : v.i. to labor or work with pain 
or fatigue. 

toilet Cet), n. a covering of linen, 
silk, &c., spread over a bedroom or 
dressing-room table ; dressing-table ; 
style or manner of dressing; attire. 

toilinette (-i-net'), n. a cloth the 
weft of which is of woolen yarn and 
the warp of cotton and silk. 

toilsome ('sum), adj. laborious; 
wearisome. 



toilsomely (-li), adv. in a toilsome 

manner. 
toilsomeness (-nes), n. laborious- 

ness. 

Tokay (to-ka'), n. a rich Hungarian 
wine. 

token ('kn), n. a mark or sign; me- 
morial of affection, &c. ; symbol of 
good faith or authenticity ; piece of 
metal not coined by authority, but 
current by sufferance. 

tola ('la), n. in British India, a 
weight for gold and silver = 18Q 
grains troy. 

told, p.t. & p.p. of tell. 

Toledo (-le'do), n. a sword or sword- 
blade of the finest temper, made orig- 
inally at Toledo, Spain. 

tolerable (tol'er-a-bl), adj. endura- 
ble ; supportable ; fairly good. 

tolerableness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being tolerable. 

tolerably (-bli), adv. passably. 

tolerance ('er-ans), n. endurance; 
toleration. 

tolerant ('er-ant), adj. disposed to, 
or favoring, toleration. 

tolerate ('er-at), v.t. to endure; per- 
mit ; allow so as not to hinder or 
prohibit. 

toleration (-a'shun), n. the act of 
tolerating ; allowance of that which 
is not wholly approved ; recognition 
of the right of private judgment in 
religious opinions and modes of wor- 
ship differing from those of the es- 
tablished Church ; freedom from 
bigotry. 

toll (tol), n. the sound of a bell slow- 
ly repeated at short intervals ; a 
duty or tax on travelers or goods 
passing along a public road or 
bridge ; tax or duty paid for some 
privilege : v.i. to sound or ring slow- 
ly, as a bell ; annul. 

tolu (to'lu), n. a balsam produced 
by a South American tree (Myroxy- 
lon toluifera) . 

tomakawk ( tom'a-hawk ) , n. a hatch- 
et used by the North American In- 
dians in war and the chase : v.t. to 
strike, or kill with a tomahawk. 

toman (to'man), n. a gold coin cur- 
rent in Persia, value about $1.76. 

tomato (to-ma' or to-ma'to), n. [pL 
tomatoes ('toz)], a plant and its 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; bo5n# 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



torn 



813 



too 



^ 



f 



well-known fleshy fruit. Also love- 
apple. 

tomb (toom), n. a grave, or vault; 
monument erected to enclose and 
preserve the memory of the dead : 
v.t. to entomb. 

tombac (tom'bak), n. an alloy of cop- 
per and zinc. 

tomboy ('boi), n. a wild, romping 
girl. 

tom-cat ('kat), n. a full-grown male 
cat. 

tomcod ('kod), n. a small edible fish 
of the cod kind. 

tome (tom), n. a large book. 

tomentose (to-men'tos), adj. covered 
so closely with hairs as to be scarce- 
ly discernible; nappy. Also tomen- 
tous. 

tomentum ('turn), n. the closely 
matted down on the leave or stems 
of certain plants. 

t'omfool ('fool), n. a great fool; silly 
trifler. 

tom.foolery ('er-i), n. nonsense; ab- 
surd trifles or ornaments. 

tomin (to'min), n. a jeweler's weight 
of 12 grains. 

tompion (tom'pi-on), n. the stopper 
or plug of a cannon ; the iron button 
to which a charge of grape-shot is 
aflixed. Also tampion. 

tomtit ('tit), n. the titmouse. 

tom-tom ( 'tom ) ,n. a, drum^ flat at one 
end and convex at the other : used in 
Africa and the East Indies. Also 
tam-tam. 

ton (tun), M. 20 hundredweight; 40 
cubic feet in ship measurement ; pre- 
vailing fashion (tong). 

tonality (ton-al'i-ti), n. key relation- 
ship ; accuracy of pitch. 

tone (ton), n. sound, or character of 
sound ; note ; accent ; quality of the 
voice ; prevailing style or character ; 
state of the body with reference to 
the healthy performance of its ani- 
mal functions ; harmony of the col- 
ors of a painting ; interval of sound ; 
chant [Music] ; v.t. to bring to a re- 
quired shade of color ; mitigate. 

tongs (tdngs), n.pl. a metal instru- 
ment with two jointed limbs for 
grasping anything. 

tongue (tung), n. the chief instru- 
ment of speech, and the organ of 



taste ; power of speech ; manner of 
speaking ; dialect ; idiom ; discourse ; 
mere words ; fluency ; clapper of a 
bell ; anything resembling a tongue ; 
promontory : v.t. to modulate or 
modify with the tongue ; scold : v.i. 
talk ; prate. 

tonic (ton'ik), adj. pertaining to, or 
based on, the key-note ; increasing 
tension ; strengthening : n. a strength- 
ening medicine. 

tonite (to'nit), n. a powerful explo- 
sive. 

Tonka bean (tong'ki ben), n. the 
aromatic kernels of the fruit of a 
shrubby plant of Guiana, used for 
scenting snuff, &c. Also Tonkuin 
bean. 

tonnage (tun'aj), n. the weight of 
goods carried in a boat or ship ; car- 
rying capacity of a vessel ; duty or 
toll on vessels ; collective shipping of 
any port or country. 

tonsils (ton'silz), n.pl. two almond- 
shaped glands situated at the two 
sides of the fauces of the throat. 

tonsilitis (-sil-i'tis), n. inflammation 
of the tonsils. 

tonsorial (ton-so'ri-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to shaving or to a barber. 

tonsure ('shtir), n. the act of clip- 
ping the hair or of shaving the 
crown of the head ; the corona thus 
worn by Roman Catholic clerics : 
v.i. to give the tonsure to. 

tontine (-ten'), a loan raised on life 
annuities with benefit accruing to 
the last survivor. 

too (too), adv. more than enough; 
likewise ; in addition ; over and 
above ; also. 

took, p.t_. of take. 

tool (tool), n. an instrument of man- 
ual operation ; one who acts as the 
instrument of another : v.t. to shape 
with a tool ; drive, as a coach. 

tooling ('ing), n. workmanship per- 
formed with a tool. 

toon (toon), n. the valuable dark 
wood of a large cedar tree of the 
East Indies and Australia. 

toot (toot), v.t. to sound, as a horn 
or flute : n. a blast on a horn. 

tootk (tooth), n. [pi. teeth (teth)], 
one of the hard bony processes grow- 
ing in the jaws used for biting and 



fite, arm, Ssk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book: hue, hut: think, then. 



i 



too 



814 



tor 



chewing; any projection resembling 
a tooth ; palate or taste : v.t. to in- 
dent or form into teeth. 

toothsome ('sum), adj. palatable. 

toothsomely (-li), adv. palatably. 

toothsomeness (-nes), n.the quality 
of being toothsome. 

tootliwort ('wert), n. a plant of va- 
rious genera having indented leaves. 

top (top), n. the highest part; sum- 
mit ; upper side or surface ; highest 
person, place, or rank ; crown of the 
head ; small platform at the head of 
the lower mast ; a child's toy : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. topped, p.pr. topping], 
to cover or place on the top ; rise to 
the top of ; excel ; cut ofE the top of. 

topau (to'paw), n. the rhinoceros- 
bird. 

topaz Cpaz), n. a crystallized mineral 
of various colors used as a gem. 

topazolite ('o-lit), n. sl variety of 
garnet. . 

top-boots (top'bootz), n.pl. high 
boots with light colored tops, used 
for riding, &c. 

tope (top), n. a mound-shaped Bud- 
dhist monument containing relics ; 
grove of trees [Hindu]. 

topee (to-pe'), n. a cork or pith hel- 
met. Also topi. 

toper ('per), n. sl drunkard. 

topgallant (top'gal-ant), adj. situ- 
ated above the topmast : n. a topgal- 
lant mast or sail. 

topliamper ('ham-per), n. a ship's 
rigging, spars, «xc. 

Tophet (to'fet), n. a place situated 
southeast of Jerusalem, in the Val- 
ley of Hinnom, where fire was burnt 
in honor of Moloch : subsequently 
made a burial place : hence hell. 

topic (top'ik), n. sl subject of dis- 
course, conversation, or argument ; 
theme. 

topical (-al), adj. pertaining to, or 
consisting of, a topic or topics ; re- 
lating to a place ; local. 

topically (-i), adv. in a topical man- 
ner ; locally. 

topmast ('mast), n. the second mast 
from the deck of a ship. 

topographer (to-pog'ra.-fer), n. one 
who describes particular places in 
writing. 

topographic (top-6-graf'ik), adj. de- 



scriptive of a particular place. Top- 
ographical. 

topographically (-al-li), adv. in a 
topographic manner. 

topography (to-pog'ra-fi), n. the sci- 
entific description of a particular 
place, &c. ; the features of a region 
or locality. 

topping (top'ing), adj. rising above; 
surpassing : n. the act of cutting off 
the top. 

topple ('1), v.t. to overturn: v.i. to 
fall forward ; tumble down. 

topsail ('sal), n. the sail second from 
the deck. 

topsy-turvy ('si-ter-vi), adv. in an 
inverted position ; in confusion : adj. 
disordered ; chaotic. 

toque (tok), n. a kind of bonnet. 

tor (tor), n. high pointed hill ; jutting 
rock. 

Torah (to'ra), n. the Mosaic law; 
Pentateuch. Also Thorah. 

torch (torch), n. a large light formed 
of resinous wood, flax, &c., soaked 
in some inflammable substance, and 
carried in the hand; any light used 
in the manner of a torch ; flambeau. 

tore, p.t. of tear. 

toreador (tor-e-a-dor'), n. a bull 
fighter. 

toreutic (to-roo'tik), adj. pertaining 
to carved or sculptured work, espe- 
cially t6 metallic work in basso- 
relievo. 

torment (tor'ment) , n. extreme pain ; 
torture; anguish: v.t. (tor-ment') to 
put to extreme pain, physical or 
mental ; torture ; harass. 

tormentil ('men-til), n. an astrin- 
gent root. 

torn (torn), p.t. of tear. 

tornado (t6r-na'd6), w. [p?. tornadoes 
('doz)], a Tiolent tempest or whirl- 
wind. 

torose (to'ros), adj. swelling in 
knobs ; uneven. 

torpedo (tor-pe'do), n. [pi. torpedoes 
('d5z)], a submarine apparatus for 
destroying ships by explosion ; kind 
of firework ; the cramp-fish : v.t. to 
destroy by a torpedo. 

torpescent (-pes'ent), adj. becoming 
torpid. 

torpid Cpid), adj. numb; inactive. 



ate, arm, ksk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



top 



815 



tou 



torpidity ('i-ti), n. inactivity; in- 
sensibility. 

torpify Cpi-fi), v.t. [p.f. & p.p. torpi- 
fied, p.pr. torpifying], to make tor- 
pid ; benumb. 

torpor ('per), n. numbness; inactiv- 

' ity. 

torque (tork), n. a twisted collar or 
necklace worn by certain ancient 
barbaric nations. 

torrefy (tor're-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
torrefied, p.pr. torrefying], to dry by 
fire ; roast (ores). 

torrent ('ent), n. a violent and rapid 
stream ; heavy fall, as of rain ; 
strong current, rising suddenly and 
rushing rapidly along. 

torrid ('id), adj. dried with heat; ex- 
tremely hot ; burning ; parching. 

torsion (tor'shun), n. the act of turn- 
ing or twisting ; the wrenching or 
twisting of a body by lateral force. 

torso ('so), n. [pZ. torsos, torsi ('soz, 
'se)], the trunk of a statue, espe- 
cially one having the head or limbs 
mutilated. 

tort (t5rt), n. in law, any wrong, in- 
jury, or damage. 

tortile (tOr'til), adj. bent; twisted; 
wreathed. 

tortilla (-tel'ya), n. a thin unleav- 
ened cake of maize baked on a heated 
iron plate. 

tortoise (tor'tis"), n. a reptile of the 
family Testudinidse with a very hard 
shell or test ;_ a testudo. 

tortuous ('u-us), adj. crooked; 
twisted ; wreathed ; underhand ; in- 
direct ; deceitful. 

torture ('tur), n. agony. of mind or 
body ; excruciating pain ; pain in- 
flicted as a punishment or as a 
means of extorting a confession : v.t. 
to punish with, or as with, torture ; 
put to the rack ; excruciate ; vex ; 
wrest from the true meaning. 

torus (to'rus), n. a large semi-circu- 
lar molding in the base of a column ; 
that part of a flower on which the 
carpels are seated. 

Tory (to'ri), n. [pi. Tories ('riz)], in 
English politics, a Conservative : adj. 
pertaining to Conservatives. 

Toryism (-izm), n. the principles of 
the Tories or Conservatives. 

toss (tos), v.t. to throw with the 



hand ; throw upward ; jerk ; put into 
violent motion ; cause to rise and 
fall : v.i. to roll or tumble ; be tossed : 
n. a throwing upward or with a jerk. 

tossing ('ing), n. the act of throwing 
upward ; a rolling or tumbling. 

tot (tot), n. anything small or insig- 
nificant ; a term of endearment : pi. 
a series of figures in column form to 
be added up as an exercise in rapid 
calculation: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. totted, 
p.pr. totting] , to add ; count up. 

total (to'tal), adj. whole; complete; 
full ; not divided : n. the whole sum 
or amount ; completeness. 

totality (-tal'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being total ; entire quan- 
tity, amount, or sum. 

totally_('tal-i), adv. entirely; fully. 

tote (tot), v.t. to carry. 

totem (to'tem), n. an animal used as 
the symbol or name of a tribe or 
clan. 

totter (tot'er), v.i. to shake as if 
about to fall ; be unsteady ; stagger ; 
reel. 

tottery ('er-i), adj. shaking as if 
about to fall ; unsteady. 

tottlish Cjish), adj. unsteady. 

toucan (too-kan'), n. a fruit-eating 
tropical bird with a long curved beak. 

touch, (tuch), v.t. to come in contact 
with ; perceive by feeling ; handle 
slightly ; play ; reach ; attain to : 
meddle with ; treat of in a superfi- 
cial manner ; add a light stroke to ; 
affect the senses or sensibility of ; 
injure or hurt : v.i. to be in contact ; 
call in at a port : n. the act of touch- 
ing ; state of being touched ; con- 
tact ; sense of feeling ; action of the 
hand on a musical instrument ; tried 
qualities ; emotion or affection ; sin- 
gle stroke on a painting, &c. 

touchily ('i-li), adv. peevishly. 

touchiness ('i-nes), n. irritability. 

touching ('ing), adj. pathetic: n. the 
act of coming in contact with : prep. 
with respect to_; concerning. 

touchstone ('ston), n. Lydian stone 
or basanite, used for testing the pur- 
ity of gold and silver : hence a cri- 
terion. 

touchxp-ood ('wood), n. dried fungus 
or decayed wood which easily ignites 
and burns slowly. 



ite, arm, fisk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nDrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



ton 



816 



tra 



touc!hy ('i), irritable; peevish. 

tough (tuf), adj. flexible without be- 
ing brittle ; not easily broken or 
fractured ; able to endure hardship ; 
strong ; firm ; tenacious ; viscous ; 
difficult ; not easy to masticate : n. a 
rough. 

toughen ('n), v.i. to grovi^ or become 
tough : v,t. to make tough. 

toughish ('ish) , adj. somewhat tough. 

toupee (too-pe')» n. a small wig, or 
curl. 

tour (toor), n. a circuitous journey; 
excursion ; trip : v.i. to make a tour : 
'c.t. to make a tour or circuit of : as, 
to tour the country. 

tour billion (-bil'yun), n. an orna' 
mental rotating firework. 

tourist ('ist), n. excursionist. 

tourmaline ('ma-lin), n. a transpar- 
ent aluminous mineral of various 
colors, some varieties of which are 
used as gems. 

tournament ('na-ment), n. a mock 
fight by knights on horseback; con- 
test of skill. Also tourney. 

tourniquet' ('ni-ket), n. a surgical 
instrument for compressing an ar- 
tery and arresting hemorrhage. 

tousle or touzle (touz'l), v.t. to pull 
or fear ; worry ; put in disorder. 

tout (tout), v.i. to look out for custo- 
mers : n. one who secretly watches 
racehorses in training, in order to 
give private information to his cli- 
ents to guide them in betting ; a 
touter. 

tout-ensemble (too-tang-sam'bl), n. 
the general effect of a work of art, 
costume, &c., regarded as a whole. 

touter (tout'er), n. one who hangs 
about to secure the custom of tour- 
ists for a particular hotel, &c. 

tow (to), n. the coarse part of flax or 
hemp : v.t. to drag, as a vessel, 
through the water by means of a 
rope. 

towage ('aj), n. the act of towing; 
price paid for towing. 

toward (to'erd), prep, in the direc- 
tion of ; with a tendency to ; with re- 
spect to : adv. near ; at hand. Also 
towards. 

towel (tou'el), n. a cloth for wiping 
the hands, &c., after washing. 

toweling (-ing), n. cloth for towels. 



tower (tou'er), n. a lofty building, 
square or circular, usually flat on 
the top ; fortress ; high headdress 
worn by women in the 17th century j 
v.i. to rise to a great height ; soar. 

towering ('er-ing), adj. very high; 
soaring ; violent ; outrageous. 

town (toun), n. any collection of 
houses larger than a village, espe- 
cially one having a market, and not 
being a city; the inhabitants of a 
town ; township. 

township ('ship), n. the district or 
territory into which many of the 
States are divided and subordinate 
to the county. 

toxemia, toxaemia (toks-e'mi-a), n, 
blood poisoning. 

toxic ('ik), adj. poisonous. 

toxicologist (-i-kol'd-jist), n, one 
skilled in toxicology. 

toxicology ('6-ji), n. the science that 
treats of poisons, their effects, anti- 
dotes, &c. ^ 

toxicomania (-ko-ma'ni-a), n. a 
mania for intoxicating or poisonous 
drugs, as opium. 

toxin (toks'in), n. a poison produced 
by the action of bacteria upon or- 
ganic matter. 

toy (toi), n. a child's plaything; 
something of no real value ; bauble ; 
plaything: v.i. [p.t. & p.p. toyed, 
p.pr. toying], to dally amorously; 
trifle. . 

trace (tras), n. a mark left by any- 
thing passing ; footprint ; small quan- 
tity : pi. the straps, &c., by which a 
vehicle is drawn by a horse : v.t. to 
delineate by marks ; follow by tracks 
or footsteps; follow exactly. 

traceable ('a-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing traced. 

tracery ( 'er-i ) , n. architectural orna- 
mentation in Gothic structures. 

trachea (tra-ke'a), n. the windpipe: 
pi. the air-tubes in the bodies of in- 
sects (tracheae). 

tracheal ('ke-al), adj. pertaining to 
the trachea. 

tracheotomy (-ot'o-mi), n. the surgi- 
cal operation of making an opening 
into the windpipe. 

trachitis (-kl'tis), w. inflammation of , 
the trachea. Also tracheitis. 

trachyte (trak'it), n. a term applied 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note. nOrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



tra 



817 



tr^i 



to the feldspathic class of igneous 
rocks. 

trachytic (tra-kit'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to, consisting of, or resembling, 
trachyte. 

tracing (tra'sing), n. the act of one 
who traces ; regular path ; mechan- 
ical copy by marking on thin paper 
over the original. 

track (trak), n. a mark or impres- 

' sion left by the foot ; beaten path ; 
course or way ; course for racing ; 
permanent way of a railroad : v.t. to 
pursue by following the footprints 
or marks left behind. 

trackage ('aj), n, towage. 

tract (trakt), n. a short treatise, 
usually on some religious subject ; 
region of indefinite extent ; expanse. 

tractability (-a-bil'i-ti), n. docility. 

tractable ( 'a-bl ) , adj. docile ; easily 
instructed or managed. 

tractate (trak'tat), n. a small book 
or treatise. 

tractile ('til), adj. ductile. 

traction ( 'shun ) , n. the act of draw- 
ing; state of being drawn; attrac- 
tion. 

tractive ('tiv), adj. serving, or used, 
to draw along; pulling. 

tractor ('ter), n. that which draws, 
or is used in drawing. 

tractrix ('triks), n. a curve, the tan- 
gent of which is always equal to a 
given line. Also tractatrix. tractory. 

trade (trad), n. commerce; business; 
buying and selling for money ; deal- 
ing by way of sale or exchange ; 
traffic ; persons engaged in a particu- 
lar business : adj. pertaining to, car- 
ried on by, or characteristic of, a 
trade : pi. the trade winds : v.i. to 
carry on commerce ; buy and sell ; 
traffic : v.t. to sell or exchange in 
commerce. 

trade-mark ('mark), n. a distin- 
guishing device affixed by a mer- 
chant to his goods to show his ex- 
clusive right, or as a guarantee of 
genuineness. 

trade-price ('pris), n. price of an 
article as charged to the retailer. 

trader ('er), n, one engaged in trade 
or commerce ; merchant ; shopkeep- 
er ; vessel engaged in any particular 
trade. 



trades-union (z'tin-yun), n. an or- 
ganized combination of workmen for 
the protection of their interests In 
any particular trade or industry. 

trades-unionism, (-izm), n. the 
principles and practices of trades- 
unions. 

trades-unionist (-ist), n. a member 
of a trades-union. 

trade--winds ('windz), n.pl. certain 
ocean winds in or near the torrid 
zone which blow steadily from the 
same quarter periodically. Also 
trades. 

trading ('ing), adj. pertaining to 
trade. 

tradition (tra-dish'un), n. the oral 
transmission of events, opinions, 
doctrines, practices, &c., through 
successive generations without writ- 
ten memorials ; that which is so 
handed down ; ancient custom. 

traditional ('un-al), adj. pertaining 
to, derived from, or handed down by 
tradition. 

traditionally ('un-al-i), adv. m a 
traditional manner. 

traduce (tra-dtis'), v.i. to slander. 

trai^c (traf'ik), n. business or trade ; 
commerce ; transportation of persons 
or goods on a railway, vehicle, ship, 
&c. ; intercourse : v.i. to trade ; bar- 
-^ain : v.t. to barter. 

tragacanth (trag'a-kanth), w. a gum 
obtained from various species of 
Astragalus. 

tragedian (tra-je'di-an), n. an actor 
or writer of tragedies. 

tragedienne (-zha-dyen' or -je'di-en), 
n, an actress of tragedy. 

tragedy (traj'e-di), n. [pi. traged'-^s 
(-diz) ], a dramatic poem of elevatei 
style, representing some event or 
series of events in the life of a per- 
son or persons and having usually a 
fatal ending ; a melancholy and fatal 
event ; an event in which human 
lives are lost by murderous violence 
or some catastrophe. 

tragic ('ik), adj. pertaining to trag- 
edy ; calamitous ; fatal ; terrible. 
Also tragical. 

tragically (-al-i), adv. in a tragic 
manner. 

trail (tral), v.t. to draw or drag 
along the ground ; hunt or follow by 



ate, arm, &sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



tra 



818 



tra 



tracking: v.i. to be drawn out in 
length; fall or hang down; grow or 
climb at great length : n. the track 
followed by a hunter ; scent left by 
a track ; anything drawn out in 
length ; the entrails of birds and 
fishes served up for the table. 

train (tran), n. a series of railway 
carriages or trucks coupled togeth- 
er ; something drawn or dragged be- 
hind as the skirt of a robe, &c. ; ret- 
inue ; procession ; connected series ; 
suite; process; line of gunpowder 
laid to fire a charge; a heavy kind 
of 'Canadian sledge : v.t. to instruct 
by exercise ; drill ; educate ; draw 
along ; form to a proper shape ; dis- 
cipline or tame for use ; prepare for 
athletic contests or horse-racing; 
trace (a lode) to its head. 

trainer ('er), n. an instructor, espe- 
cially one who prepares men or 
horses for exercises of skill, races, 
&c. 

train-oil ('oil), n, oil obtained by 
boiling whale's blubber. 

trait (trat), n. a peculiar feature or 
characteristic ; touch. 

traitor (tra'ter), n. one who is guilty 
of treason or the betrayal of his 
country to an enemy by breach of 
trust ; one who betrays any confi- 
dence ; a deceiver. Feminine trai- 
tress or traitoress. 

traitorous ('ter-us), adj. guilty of 
treason ; perfidious. 

trajectory (tra-jek'to-ri), n. C^)?. tra- 
jectories (-riz)], the curve described 
by a body in space, under the action 
of certain forces, as a comet, or 
stone thrown upwards. 

tram (tram), n. one of the rails of a 
tramway; a tramway; tramway- 
car ; shaft of a cart : v.i. [p.t, & p.p. 
trammed, p.pr. tramming], to travel 
by tram-car [English] : v.t. to trans- 
port on a tramway. 

tr amble ('bl), v.t. to wash (ore) in 
a particular manner. 

trammel ('el), n. a net used for 
fowling or fishing; shackle for 
horses ; anything that impedes prog- 
ress, action, or freedom : v.t. to im- 
pede or hinder; shackle. 

tramontana (tra-mon-ta'na), n. a 



cold, blighting north wind peculiar 
to the Mediterranean. 

tramp (tramp), v.t. to tread upon 
forcibly and repeatedly; travel over 
on foot : v.i. to wander : n. a vagrant 
foot traveler ; journey on foot ; 
sound of tramping. 

trample ( 'pi ) , v.t. to tread under the 
feet ; prostrate by treading ; treat 
with insult or contempt : v.i. to 
stamp rapidly and repeatedly with 
the feet ; tread roughly. 

trampoos ( tram- poos' ) , v.i. to tramp ; 
walk heavily ; wander about. 

tram 'way ('wa), n. a street railway; 
metal track for wagons or trucks. 
Tramroad. 

trance (trans), n. a state in wMch 
the soul appears to be absent from 
the body or rapt in visions ; tem> 
porary suspension of sensation and 
volition while the heart and lungs 
continue to act ; swoon ; catalepsy : 
v.t. to place in, or as in, a state of 
trance. 

traneen (tra-nen'), n. crested dog's- 
tail grass. 

tranquil (trang'kwil), adj. calm; 
quiet ; undisturbed ; not agitated. 

tranquillity ('i-ti), n. calmness: 
quiet. 

tranquilize ('kwil-iz), v.t. to make 
tranquil or calm. 

tranquilly ('kwil-i), adv. in a tran- 
quil manner. 

trans, a prefix, meaning over, across, 
'beyond, through, on the other side. 

transact (trans-akf), v.t. to man- 
age, as business ; carry through ; ne- 
gotiate. 

transaction (-ak'shun), n. the man- 
agement^ of any business or affair ; 
that which is done or performed ; a 
proceeding ; affair : pi. report of a 
scientific or learned society. 

transactor ('ter), n, one who trans- 
acts. ( 

transcend (tran-send'), v.t. to rise' 
above; surpass; surmount; excel; 
exceed. 

transcendency ('en-si), n. the state 
or quality of being transcendent; 
supereminence. Also transcendence. 

transcendent Cent) , adj. surpassing 
others in excellence; noting, in the 
Kantian philosophy, speculations 



ite, arm, askj at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mTte, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



era 



819 



tra 



I 



concerning matters outside the range 
of the human intellect or experience. 

transcendental ('al), adj. noting 
that which lies beyond the limits of 
experience or external to the senses ; 
speculative ; metaphysical ; vague ; 
supereminent. 

transcendentalism ('§.I-izm), n. the 
Kantian philosophy which affirms 
that the primary principles of 
knowledge are ascertained by the in- 
vestigation of that which is a priori, 
or independent of experience; a re- 
ligious movement in the United 
States, 1839, associated with Emer- 
son and Channing. 

transcribe (-skrib'), v.f. to copy. 

transcript ('skript), n. a written 
copy from an original. 

transcription (-skrip'shun), n. a 
copy. 

transept ('sept), n. that part of a 
church at right angles on either side 
to the chancel. 

transfer (trans-fer'), v.t. [p.t. &p.p. 
transferred, p.pr. transferring], to 
convey from one person or place to 
another ; convey, as a right, title, 
&c. ; produce by impression, as an 
engraving from a lithographic stone : 
n. (trans'fer) conveyance of a right, 
title, property, &c., from one person 
to another ; deed by which such a 
transfer is executed ; removal ; a sol- 

. dier transferred from one troop or 
company to another ; drawing or 
writing printed off from one surface 
to another. 

transferability (-a-biri-ti), n, the 
quality of being transferable. 

transferable ('a-bl), adj. capable of 
being transferred. Also transferri- 
ble. 

transferee (-fer-e'), n. the person to 
whom anything is transferred. 

transferrer (-fer'er), n. one who 
makes a transfer. 

transfiguration (-fig-u-ra'shun), n. 
a change of form or appearance, es- 
pecially the supernatural change in 
the personal appearance of Jesus 
Christ on the Mount. 

transfigure (-fig'tir), v.f. to change 
the outward form or appearance of. 

transfix (-fiks'), v.t. to pierce 
through. 



transfixion (-fik'shun), n. the act of 
transfixing; state of being trans- 
fixed. 

transform (-f6rm'), v.t. to change 
the shape or appearance of ; con- 
vert or change the character of, 
transmute ; metamorphose ; change 
the form of (an algebraic equation) 
into another of different form with- 
out altering its value. 

transformation (-for-ma'shun), w. 
the act of transforming ; state of be- 
ing transformed ; transmutation ; 
metamorphosis ; change of charac- 
ter ; conversion. 

transformer (-form'er), n. an in- 
duction coil for raising or lowering 
electric pressure. 

transfuse (-fuz'), v.t. to pour out of 
one vessel into another ; instil ; 
transfer, as blood, from the veins of 
a person or animal to those of an- 
other. 

transfusion (-fu'zhun), n. the act 
of transfusing ; state of being trans- 
fused. 

transgress (-gres'), v.i, to offend by 
the violation or infraction of any 
law, rule, &c. ; sin : v.t. break or vio- 
late. 

transgression (-gresh'un), n. the 
act of violating any law or rule of 
moral duty ; fault ; offense ; sin. 

transgressor (-gres'er), n. an of- 
fender. 

transient (tran'shent), adj. fleeting j 
brief. 

transit (tran'sit), n. a passage 
through or over ; passage of a heav- 
enly body across the meridian of a 
place; passage of an inferior planet 
across the sun's disc. 

transition (-sish'un), n. the passage 
from one place or state to another : 
change, as of key in music or of the 
subject of discourse. 

transitional (-sish'un-al), adj. in- 
volving or denoting transition. 

transitive ('si-tiv), adj. noting an 
action passing from a subject to an 
object. 

transitively (-li), adv. in a transi- 
tive manner. 

transitiveness (-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being transitive. 



%te, a.rm, ask, at, awl * me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon. 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



\ 



tra 



820 



tra 



transitorily ('si-to-ri-li), adv. with a 
short continuance. 

transitoriness (-nes), n. shortness 
of duration. 

transitory ('si-to-ri), at?;, continuing 
but a short time ; evanescent ; fleet- 
ing ; unstable. 

translate (trans-laf), v.t. to render 
from one language into another ; in- 
terpret ; remove to another place or 
position ; remove to heaven v^ithout 
dying. 

translation (-la'shun), n. the act of 
translating; that v^^hich is trans- 
lated ; removal ; version ; removal of 
a bishop from one see to another. 

translator ('ter), n. one who trans- 
lates. 

translucent (-lu'sent), adj. semi- 
transparent. 

transmutation (-mu-ta'shun), n. 
the passing of the soul after death 
from one body into that of another ; 
metempsychosis. 

transmissibility (-mis-i-biri-ti), n. 
the quality of being transmissible. 

transmissible ('i-bl), adj. that may 
be passed from one to another, or 
through a body or substance. 

transmission (-mish'un), n. the act 
of transmitting ; the things trans- 
mitted ; passage through. Also trans- 
mittal. 

transmit (-mit'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
transmitted, p.pr. transmitting], to 
cause or suffer to pass over or 
through ; send from one place or 
person to another. 

transmitter ('er), n. one who, or 
that which, transmits ; a telegraphic 
or telephonic sending instrument. 

transmutation (-mu-ta'shun), n. 
change from one form, nature, sub- 
stance, or species, into another. 

transmute (-muf), v.t. to change 
from one form, nature, substance, 
or species into another. 

transom (tran'som), n. a cross-beam 
over a door or over the sternpost of 
a vessel ; horizontal mullion or 
crossbar in a window. 

transparency (trans-par'en-si), n. 
[pi. transparencies (-siz)], the state 
or quality of being transparent ; a 
picture painted on a semi-transpar- 



ent material through which a light 
shines. 

transparent Cent), adj. having the 
property of transmitting rays of 
light ; clear. 

transpiration (-pi-ra'shun), n. ex- 
halation through the pores of the 
skin. 

transpire (-pir'), v.t. to be excreted n 
through the pores of the skin ; be 
exhaled ; become known ; come to 
pass ; occur : v.t. to perspire ; exhale. 

transplant (-plant'), v.t. to remove 
and plant in another place ; remove 
and establish. 

transplantation (-plan-ta'shun), n. 
the act of transplanting. 

transport (-p5rt'), v.t. to carry 
across or from one place to another ; 
banish as a criminal ; carry away by 
violence of passion, or pleasure : n. 
(trans'port) conveyance for bag- 
gage or stores ; a vessel employed 
for carrying troops, stores, &c., from 
one place to another ; violent mani- 
festation of anger ; rapture ; ecstasy. 

transportation (-por-ta'shun), n. 
banishment for crime ; conveyance. 

transporting (-port'ing), adj. rav- 
ishing ; ecstatic. 

transpose (-poz'), v.t. to ckange the 
place or order of, by putting each in 
the place of the other ; change the 
key of; change (a term) from one 
side of an equation to the other by 
changing the sign. 

transposition (-po-zish'un), n. the 
act of transposing ; state of being 
transposed. Also transposal. 

transubstantiation ( tran-sub-stan- 
shi-a'shun) , n. the doctrine that after 
consecration the elements in the Eu- 
charist are converted into the veri- 
table body and blood of Christ. 

transude (-sud'), v.i. to pass or ooze 
through the pores or interstices of 
a substance. 

transverse (trans- vers'), adj. lying 
or being across or crosswise ; broad- 
er than long. 

transversely ('li), adv. in a trans- 
verse direction. 

trap (trap), n. an instrument shut- 
ting suddenly with a spring for snar- 
ing game, vermin, and other ani- 
mals ; snare ; ambush ; stratagem ; a 



ate, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; bdoOf 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



821 



tre 



game played with a bat, ball, and 
shoe-shaped block of wood ; a car- 
riage on springs ; contrivance for 
preventing the escape of foul air 
from a drain ; heavy igneous rock 
composed of feldspar, hornblende, 
&c. ; pi. baggage ; portable articles : 
v.t. [p.t. & p.p. trapped, p.pr. trap- 
ping] , to catch in, or as in a trap ; 
ensnare ; take by stratagem ; furnish 
with a trap : v.i. to set traps for 
game. 

trapeze (tra-pez'), n. a swinging 
horizontal bar suspended at each 
end by a rope,_used by gymnasts. 

trapezium (-pe'zi-um), n. a plane 
figure bounded by 4 right lines, of 
which no two are parallel ; the out- 
ermost bone of the second row of 
the carpus. 

trapezoid (trap'e-zoid), n. a plane 
figure with 4 sides, having 2 sides 
parallel to each other. 

trapper ('er), n. one who traps ani- 
mals, especially to obtain the fur. 

trappings ('ingz), n. pi. ornamented 
articles of dress ; superficial decora- 
tions ; ornaments for horses. 

trash (trash), n. refuse; worthless 
or useless matter ; rubbish ; decayed 
leaves and stems of the sugar-cane. 

trashily ('i-li) , adv. in a trashy man- 
ner. 

trashiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being trashy. 

trashy ('i), adj. {comp. trashier, su- 
perl. trashiest], worthless; useless. 

trass (tras), n. a tufaceous alluvium 
or volcanic earth, used as a hy- 
draulic cement. Also terras. 

traumatic (traw-mat'ik), adj. per- 
taining to, applied to, suitable for, 
or produced by, wounds. 

travado (tra-va'do), n. a sudden 
squall accompanied with lightning 
and rain [Spanish]. 

travail (trav'il or 'al), n. labor with 
pain ; severe toil ; parturition : v.i. 
to suffer the pains of childbirth. 

trave (trav), n. a wooden frame for 
confining a horse while being shod. 

travel (trav'el), v.i. to pourney, espe- 
cially to foreign or distant places ; 
proceed ; move : v.t. to journey 
over : n. the act of journeying, espe- 
cially to foreign or distant places : 



pi. an account of occurrences and 
things seen during a journey. 

traveled ('eld), p.adj. having made 
journeys : hence experienced. 

traveler ('el-er), n. one who travels; 
one who journeys from place to 
place to solicit custom for a mercan- 
tile house ; a ring that slides along 
a rope or spar. 

traverse ('ers), adj. lying or being 
across : adv. athwart ; crosswise : n. 
a cross piece ; something lying or 
placed across something else ; a gal- 
lery or loft of communication in a 
church or large building ; formal de- 
nial of the pleadings of the opposite 
party in a lawsuit ; parapet and 
trench across a ditch ; the turning, 
of a gun to command different 
points : v.t. to lay or place in a cross 
direction ; thwart ; multiply ; travel 
or pass over ; survey carefully ; turn 
to one side or the other and point, 
as a piece of ordnance ; plane across 
the grain ; deny formally : v.i. to* 
turn as on a pivot ; move round ; 
tread or move crosswise. 

travesty ('es-ti), n. [pi. travesties 
(-tiz)], a burlesque or parody: v.t, 
[p.t. & p.p. travestied, p.pr. trav- 
estying], to burlesque or parody. 

traivl (trawl), n. a large net of pe- 
culiar construction used in deep-sea 
fishing : v.i. to fish with a trawl. 

trawler ('er), n. one who trawls; a 
fishing vessel used in trawling. 

traxirling ('ir»g), n. the act or pro- 
cess of fishing with a net which 
drags along the bottom of the sea. 

tray (tra), n. [pi. trays (traz)], a 
broad, flat vessel for holding or car- 
rying dishes, glasses, &c. ; salver. 

trayful ('fool), n. [pi. trayfuls 
('foolz)], as much as a tray will 
contain. 

treacherous (trech'er-us), adj. be- 
traying a trust ; perfidious ; faith- 
less. 

treachery ('er-i), n. [pi. treacheries 
(-iz)], treasonable or perfidious con- 
duct ; perfidy ; violation of allegi- 
ance or faith ; treason. 

treacle (tre'kl), n. a syrup drained 
from sugar in the process of refin- 
ing ; molasses. 

tread (tred), v.i. [p.t. trod, p.p. trod- 



Ste, arm, &sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



tre 



822 



tre 



den, p.pr. treading], to step or walk, 
especially to walk with a more or 
less stately or measured step ; copu- 
late, as birds : v.i. to walk on ; crush 
under the feet ; subdue or vanquish. 

treadle ('1), n. that part of a loom 
or other machine moved by the foot. 

treadmill ('mil), n. a large wheel 
driven by persons treading on the 
steps of the periphery. 

treason (tre'zn), n. the offense of 
betraying the state or subverting the 
government of the state to which 
the offender belongs ; rebellion. 

treasure (trezh'ur), n. accumulated 
wealth ; abundance ; plenty ; some- 
thing highly valued : v.t. to lay up 
or collect for future use ; hoard ; ac- 
cumulate ; value highly. 

treasurer (-er), n. one who has the 
charge of a treasure ; a public officer 
who receives the money collected 
from taxes, duties, &c. ; one who has 
charge of collected funds. 

treasurership (-ship), n. the office 
of a treasurer. 

treasury ('tir-i), n. \_pl. treasuries 
(-iz) ], a place or building where the 
public revenues are deposited and 
the public debts discharged ; that 
department of a government which 
has charge of the finances ; the offi- 
cials constituting such a department ; 
collection of valuable information or 
facts. 

treasury note (not), n. a demand 
note issued by the United States 
treasury, and by law made a legal 
tender for all debts, public and priv- 
ate, except duties on imports and 
interest on the public debt. 

treat (tret), v.t. to handle or manage 
in a particular manner ; behave to- 
wards ; entertain with food or drink 
without cost to the guests ; discourse 
on ; manage in the application of 
remedies : v.i. to discuss ; negotiate ; 
agree ; give a gratuitous entertain- 
ment : n. an entertainment given as 
an expression of regard ; something 
which affords great pleasure. 

treatise ('is), n. a written composi- 
tion on some particular subject, in 
which its principles are discussed or 
explained. 

treatment ('ment), n. act or man- 



ner of treating; usage; manage- 
ment ; manipulation. 

treaty ('i), n. [pi. treaties (-iz)], 
the act of treating for the adjust- 
ment of differences or for forming 
an agreement ; league or agreement 
between two states, &c. ; negotia- 
tion. 

treble (treb'l), adj, threefold; triple; 
pertaining to the highest vocal or 
instrumental part [Music] : n. the 
highest vocal or instrumental part; 
soprano : v.t. to make threefold : v.i. 
to become threefold. 

tree (tre), n. any woody plant hav- 
ing a single trunk and branches; 
anything resembling a tree ; a piece 
of timber ; cross : v.t. to drive to a 
tree ; place in difficulty : v.i. to take 
refuge in a tree. 

trefoil ('foil), n. any plant of the 
genus Trifolium, including the clo- 
vers ; an ornamental foliation used 
in architecture resembling three- 
leaved clover. 

treenail ('nal), n. a cylindrical 
wooden pin used for securing the 
planks of a ship to the timbers. 
Also trenail. 

trek (trek), v.i. to travel by wagon, 
especially in search of a new settle- 
ment : n. a journey by wagon [South 
Africa]. 

trellis (trel'is), n. a structure or 
frame of lattice-work for supporting 
vines, &c. 

trellis-urork (-werk), n. small bars 
nailed together crosswise. 

tremble (trem'bl), v.i. to shake in- 
voluntarily, as with fear, cold, weak- 
ness, &c. ; shudder ; totter ; quaver, 
as sound : n. an involuntary shak- 
ing ; shiver. 

trembling ('bling), adj. shaking as 
with fear ; quivering. 

tremendous (tre-men'dus), adj. ex- 
citing fear or terror ; dreadful ; ter- 
rible ; terrific ; marvelous. 

tremolite (trem'o-lit), n. a white va- 
riety of hornblende. 

tremolo (trem'o-lo), n. a tremulous 
or fluttering effect in vocal or instru- 
mental music ; mechanical device in 
an organ by which a tremolo is pro- 
duced. 

tremor (trem'er), n. an involuntary 



ate, arm, ^sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, tJien. 



tre 



823 



tri 



trembling ; (quivering or vibratory 
motion. 

tremulous ('ti-lus), adj. trembling; 
quivering; shaking; affected v^ith 
fear or timidity ; vibratory. 

trench, (trench), n. a long, narrow 
cut or ditch excavated in the earth ; 
open ditch for draining ; an excava- 
tion made to interrupt the advance 
of an enemy, or to cover the advance 
of troops to a besieged place : v.t. to 
form a ditch in ; dig or cultivate 
deeply : v.i. to encroach. 

trencliaut ('ant), adj. sharp; keen; 
severe. 

trenclieitr ('er), n. one who trenches; 
a large wooden plate ; trencher-cap. 

trenchev-cap (-kap), n. a college 
cap. 

trend (trend), n. inclination in a 
particular direction ; general tend- 
ency : v.i. to have a particular di- 
rection ; tend ; stretch. 

trepan (tre-pan'), n. a cylindrical 
saw of peculiar construction used in 
the operation of trepanning : v.i. 
[p.t. & p.p. trepanned, p.pr. trepan- 
ning], to perform the operation of 
trepanning: v.t. to perforate with a 
trepan. 

trepanning ('ing), n. the surgical 
operation of making a perforation 
in the skull and taking out a piece 
to remove pressure on the brain. 

trepang (tre-pang'), n. the beche-de- 
mer. 

trephine (tre-fin'), n. a surgical in- 
strument for removing a disk of 
bone from the skull : v.t. to operate 
on with a trephine ; to trepan. 

trepidation (trep-i-da'shun), n. an 
involuntary trembling ; state of ter- 
ror or alarm ; confused haste. 

trespass (tres'pas), v.i. to commit 
any offense ; sin ; enter unlawfully 
upon the land of another ; intrude ; 
violate any recognized rule of duty 
or social life : n. the act of trespass- 
ing ; any offense or injury done to 
the person or property of another ; 
transgression : sin. 

tress (tres), n, a braid or lock of 
hair. 

tressel, same as trestle. 

trestle (tres'l), n. a movable form 



for supporting anything ; frame of a 
table. 

trestle-board (-bord), n. a draught- 
man's designing board. 

trestle-tree (-tre), n. one of two 
stout bars of timber secured hori- 
zontally to a mast to support the 
cross-trees. 

trestle-ivork (-werk), n. a viaduct, 
pier, or scaffold supported on tres- 
tles connected together with cross- 
beams and braces. 

trey (tra), w. a 3 at cards or dice; 
card with 3 spots. 

tri, a prefix meaning three, threefold, 
as ^nangled, adj. having 3 angles. 

triable (tri'a-bl), adj. capable of be- 
ing tried or subjected to test. 

triad (tri'ad), n. a union of 3; an 
element which can replace or direct- 
ly unite with 3 atoms of hydrogen, 
or similar monatonic element ; the 
common chord of a tone with its 
third and fifth [Music]. 

trial (tri'al), n. an attempt or en- 
deavor ; examination by test or ex- 
perience; test of virtue, &c., by suf- 
fering or temptation ; proof ; verifi- 
cation ; state of being tried ; judicial 
examination. 

triandrian (tri-an'dri-an), adj. hav- 
ing 3 equal and distinct stamens. 
Also triandrous. 

triangle ('ang-gl), n. a plane figure 
bounded by 3 lines, and having 3 
angles ; a frame of 3 halberds to 
which offenders against military dis- 
cipline were secured to be flogged ; a 
musical instrument of steel in the 
form of a triangle, sounded by being 
struck with a rod. 

triangular (-ang'gu-lar), adj. hav- 
ing 3 angles ; shaped like a triangle. 

triangulate ('gu-lat), v.t. to divide 
into triangles ; survey by means of 
triangles. 

triangulation (-la'shun), n. the act 
of triangulating; the division of a 
district or a country into triangular 
portions, as in a trigonometrical 
survey. 

tribal ('bal), adj. pertaining to, or 
characteristic of, a tribe. 

tribalism (-izm), n. the state of ex- 
isting in tribes ; tribal characteris- 
tics or feeling. 



ate, arm, Ssk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book; hue, h^it; think, then. 



trl 



824 



tri 



tribasic (-ba'sik) , adj. noting an acid 
in which 3 equivalents of hydrogen 
have been replaced by a metal. 

tribe (trib), n. a family, race, or 
class, constituting a distinct portion 
of a people ; a family or series of 
generations descended from a com- 
mon ancestor, but kept distinct ; na- 
tion of uncivilized people under one 
chief ; a group of animals or plants 
intermediate between an order and 
a genus. 

tribrach (tri'brak), n. a poetic foot 
of 3 short syllables. 

tribulation (trib-u-la'shun), n. se- 
vere affliction ; deep sorrow ; acute 
trial. 

tribunal (tri-bu'nal), n. the seat of 
a judge ; court of justice. 

tribune (trib'un), n. an ancient Ro- 
man official elected by the people to 
safeguard their liberties ; a bench or 
elevated place : raised stand or ros- 
trum from which speeches are deliv- 
ered. 

tribunesbip (-ship), n. the office or 
authority of a tribune ; period dur- 
ing which a tribune held office. 

tributary (trib'u-ta-ri), adj. paying 
tribute ; yielding supplies ; contrib- 
uting to make up a greater object of 
the same kind : n. a state or govern- 
ment which pays tribute to a supe- 
rior ; a stream or river flowing into 
a larger one. 

tribute ('tit), n. an annual or stipu- 
lated sum of money, &c., paid by 
one state to another ; personal con- 
tribution made in token of services 
rendered or acknowledgment due. 

trice (tris), n. an instant: v.i. to 
haul ; hoist and secure with a small 
rope. 

tricentenary, same as tercentenary. 

triceps (tri'seps), n. the great three- 
headed extensor muscle of the arm. 

trichina (tri-kl'na), n. \_pl. trichinae 
('ne)], a nemotoid parasitic worm, 
which infests the muscles of swine 
and human beings. 

trichinosis (trik-i-no'sis), n. the dis- 
ease produced by the presence of 
trichinae in the muscles and intes- 
tines. Also trichiniasis. 

trichology (tri'kol'o-ji), n. the sci- 



entific study of the hair, especially 
for the cure of baldness. 

trichord (tri'kord), n. a three- 
stringed instrument ; a piano having 
three strings to each key for the 
greater part of its compass. 

trichroism ('kro-izm), n. the prop- 
erty of certain crystals of transmit- 
ting various colors in three different 
directions. 

trick (trik), n. a stratagem or arti- 
fice ; wile ; vicious habit or practice ; 
deception ; imposition ; legerdemain ; 
clever contrivance to puzzle, amuse, 
or annoy ; whole number of cards 
falling to the winner in one round : 
pi. frolic : v.i. to cheat ; impose 
upon ; deceive ; delineate without 
color ; decorate or set off (with out). 

trickery ( 'er-i ) , n. deception ; cheat- 
ing ; fraud ; imposture. 

trickily ('i-li), adv. in a tricky man- 
ner. 

trickiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being tricky. 

trickle ('1), v.i. to fiow gently down 
or in a small stream ; run down in 
drops : n. a small gentle stream. 

trickster ('ster), n. a cheat; de- 
ceiver. 

tricksy ('si), adj. full of tricks; 
pretty. 

tricktrack ('trak), n. an old game 
resembling backgammon. 

tricky ('i), adj, given to tricks; 
knavish ; shifty ; artful ; cunning. 

triclinic (tri-klin'ik), adj. having 3 
unequal axes intersecting at oblique 
angles. 

triclinium (-klin'i-um), n. [pi. tri- 
clinia (-a)], a couch, usually ac- 
commodating 8 persons for reclin- 
ing at meals; a dining-room fur- 
nished with couches on 3 sides. 

tricolor ('kul-er), n. a national flag 
of 3 colors arranged in equal stripes. 

tricentahedral (-kon-ta-he'dral) , 
adj. having 30 sides. 

tricycle (tri'si-kl) , n. a three- wheeled 
modernized form of velocipede : v.i. 
to ride on a tricycle. 

trident ('dent), n. a scepter or spear 
with 3 prongs, especially the scepter 
of Neptune : hence sovereignty of 
the sea. 



ite, arm, §.sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



tri 



825 



iH 



tridentate (-den'tat), adj. having 3 
teeth or prongs. 

tried (trid), p.adj. proved; tested; 
trustworthy ; faithful. 

triennial (tri-en'i-al), adj. occurring 
in, or continuing for, three years. 

triennially (-i), adv. once in 3 years. 

trier ('er), n. one who tries or makes 
experiments ; a judge ; test. 

trifid ('fid), adj, three-cleft. 

trifle ('fl), n. anything of little value 
or importance ; a light kind of dish 
made of sponge-cakes soaked in 
sherry and covered with jam, cream, 
«&c. : v.i. to act or talk with levity ; 
indulge in light or frivolous amuse- 
ments : v.t. to waste or fritter away. 

trifling ('fling), adj. of small value 
or importance. 

trifoliate (-fo'li-at), adj. three- 
leaved. 

triforium ('ri-um), n. the open gal- 
lery or arcade above the arches of a 
church, separating the nave arches 
from the aisles. 

trifurcate (-fer'kat), adj. three- 
forked. 

trig (trig), adj. trim; neat: v.t. \_p.t. 
& p.p. trigged, p.pr. trigging], to 
skid or stop (a wheel) : n. a skid. 

trigger ('er), n. a catch which, when 
pulled, releases the hammer of a 
gun. 

triglyph (tri'glif), n. an ornament 
of the Doric frieze placed directly 
over each column and at equal dis- 
tances. 

trigonal (trig'o-nal), adj. three-cor- 
nered. 

trigonometric (-o-no-met'rik), adj. 
pertaining to, or done by, trigonome- 
try. Trigonometrical. 

trigonometrically (-al-i), adv. by 
trigonometry. 

trigonometry (-nom'e-tri), n. the 
science of measuring the sides and 
angles of triangles, and ascertaining 
the relations between them by cer- 
tain parts which are given. 

trihedral (-he'dral), adj. having 3 
sides. 

trihedron ('dron), n. a figure having 
3 sides. 

trilateral (-lat'er-al), adj. three- 
sided. 

trilaterally (-i), adv. with 3 sides. 



trilinear (-lin'e-ar), adj. three-lined. 

trilith ('1ith),w. a monument formed 
by three stones, two upright and one 
across the others. Also trilithon. 

trill (tril), n. a shake or quaver of 
the voice ; v.t. to sing with a quaver : 
v.i. to quaver. 

trillion (tril'yun), n. in the French 
system of numeration, followed in 
the United States, a unit with 12 
ciphers annexed ; in the English sys- 
tem, a unit with 18 ciphers annexed. 

trilobite (tri'lo-bit), n. a fossil crus- 
tacean of the Palaeozoic period. 

trilogy (tril'o-ji), 7i. a series of three 
dramas each complete in itself, but 
forming one poetical and historical 
picture. 

trim (trim), adj. [comp. trimmer, 
superl. trimmest], neat; compact; 
in good order or service : v.t. [p.t. & 
p.p. trimmed, p.pr. trimming], to 
decorate or adorn ; make trim ; ad- 
just ; make smooth : v.i. to balance 
or fluctuate between parties. 

trimmer ('er), n. one who trims; 
time-server ; joist into which others 
are framed. 

trimorphism (tri-mor'fizm), n. the 
property of crystallizing in three 
forms ; co-existence among individ- 
uals of the same species of 3 distinct 
forms, unconnected by intermediate 
gradations. 

Trinitarian (trin-i-ta'ri-an), adj. 
pertaining to the Trinity, or the doc- 
trine of the Trinity. 

Trinitarianism (-izm), n. the doc- 
trine that there are three Persons in 
the Trinity. 

Trinity ('i-ti), n. the union of the 
Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost 
in one Godhead : one God as to sub- 
stance, three Persons as to individ- 
uality. 

Trinity Sunday (sun'da), n. the 
Sunday next after Whitsunday. 

trinket (tring'ket) , n. anything small 
and of little value; small ornament 
or jewel. 

trinomial (tri-no'mi-al), adj. con- 
sisting of 3 terms, connected by the 
sign + or — . 

trio (tre'6), n. a set of 3 ; 3 united; 
composition for 3 voices or instru- 
ments. 



ate, arm, dsk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book : hue, hut ; think, then. 



tri 



826 



tro 



trip (trip), v.i. [p.f. & p.p. tripped, 
p.pr. tripping], to run or step light- 
ly or nimbly ; take short, quick 
steps ; stumble ; err ; take an excur- 
sion : n. a nimble, short step ; stum- 
ble ; mistake ; journey. 

tripartite (trip'ar-tit or trl-par'tit), 
adj. divided into 3 parts. 

tripe (trip), n. the large stomach of 
a ruminating animal prepared for 
food. 

tHplane (tri'plan), n. an aeroplane 
of three planes or sustaining sur- 
faces, the lowest bearing aviator. 

triple ('1), adj. threefold; consisting 
of 3 united ; 3 times repeated. 

triplet ('let), n. 3 united: pi. S chil- 
dren at one birth. 

triplicate ('li-kat), adj. threefold. 

tripod (trl'pod), n. a three-legged 
stool or table ; the seat supported by 
3 legs on which the pythoness sat 
when giving responses at the Del- 
phic oracle. 

tnpoli (trip'o-li), n. an earthy sub- 
stance consisting of siliceous shells 
of diatoms. 

triptych ('tik), n. a writing-tablet in 
3^ parts ; a panel, usually an altar 
piece, consisting of 3 compartments, 
two of them folding over the middle 
one which is fixed. 

trireme (tri'rem), n. an ancient gal- 
ley with three banks of oars. 

trisect (trvsekf), v.t. to divide into 
three equal parts. 

trisection (-sek'shun), n. division 
into 3 parts, especially an angle into 
3 equal parts. 

trisyllable (tri-sil'a-bl), n, a word 
of three syllables. 

trite (trit), adj. worn out; stale. 

tritely ('li), adv. in a trite manner. 

triteness ('nes), n. the quality of be- 
ing trite. 

tritheism (tri'the-izm), n. the doc- 
trine that the three Persons in the 
Trinity are three distinct Gods. 

triturate (trit'ti-rat), v.t. to rub, 
grind, or bruise to powder. 

trituration (-ra'shun), n. the act of 
triturating or reducing to powder. 

triuxuplx (tri'umf), n. a grand pro- 
cession in honor of a general who 
has_ gained a decisive victory ; state 
of joy at success ; victory ; conquest : 



v.i. to rejoice over success; obtain a 
victory. 

triumphal (-um'fal), adj. pertaining 
to, indicating, or in honor of, a tri- 
umph. 

triumphant ('fant), adj. rejoicing 
for victory; victorious. 

triumvir (-um'ver), n. [pi. triumviri 
Cvi-ri) ], one of three men united in 
office. 

triumvirate ('vi-rat), n. a coalition 
of threemen in office or authority. 

triune ('un), adj. 3 in one. 

trivalent (triv'a-lent), adj. capable 
of being combined with, or replaced 
by, 3 atoms of hydrogen. 

trivet ('et), n. a stand for holding a 
kettle, &c., near the fire. 

trivial ('i-al), adj. trifling; common- 
place. 

triviality (-al'i-ti), n. [pi. triviali- 
ties (-tiz)j, the state or quality of 
being trivial. 

trocha (trot'sha), n. a military high- 
road. 

troche (tro'ke), n. a medicinal loz- 
enge. 

trochee ('ke), n. a metrical foot of 2 
syllables: the first long, the second 
short. 

trochlear (trok'le-ar), adj. pulley- 
like : said of certain muscles. 

trod, p.t. of tread. 

troglodyte (trog'lo-dit), n. a cave 
dweller : said of certain tribes. 

Trojan (tro'jan), adj. pertaining to 
Troy. 

troll (trol), n. a giant or giantess of 
supernatural powers ; sorceress ; a 
kind of song; reel on a fishing-rod: 
v.t. to sing the parts of in succes- 
sion : v.i. to fish, as for pike, with a 
rod and line running on a reel. 

trolley ('i), n. a kind of truck; a 
grooved metal wheel traveling in 
contact with a live electric wire. 

trolley car (kar), n. a car propelled 
by means of a trolley and an electric 
motor. 

trollop ('up), n. a slattern. 

trombone (trom'bon), n. a large 
brass instrument of the trumpet 
kind. 

tromometer (tro-mom'e-ter), n. an 
instrument for measuring earth tre- 
mors. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; bdon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



827 



tru 



troop (troop), n. a multitude; small 
body of cavalry, usually 60 ; soldiers 
collectively ; company of perform- 
ers : v.i. to march in a body ; collect 
in crowds. 

trooper ('er), n. a cavalryman; 
troopship. 

trope (trop), n. a vrord or expression 

• used in a sense different from its 

usual signification ; figurative word. 

trophy ('fi), n. [pi. trophies ('fiz)], 
a memorial of a victory ; memento. 

tropic (trop'ik), n. one of the two 
small circles of the celestial sphere, 
situated at each side of the equator, 
at a distance of 23° 28' and parallel 
to it, within the limits of which the 
sun moves in his yearly course ; re- 
gion between the tropics. 

tropical ('i-kal), adj. pertaining to, 
or situated within, the tropics; fig- 
urative. 

tropically (-i), adv. figuratively. 

trot (trot), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. trotted, 
p.pr. trotting], to move faster than 
a walk : v.t. to cause to trot : n. the 
pace of a horse a little faster than a 
walk ; jogging pace ; term of endear- 
ment. 

troth (troth), n. betrothal; fidelity. 

trotter (trot'er), n. a trotting horse; 
sheep's or pig's foot. 

troubadour (troo'ba-door), n. one of 
a class of lyric poets who flourished 
in the south of France and north of 
Italy llth-13th centuries. 

trouble (trub'l), n. mental agitation, 
distress, or worry ; fault or inter- 
ruption in the stratum of a mine : 
v.t. to agitate, distress, or worry ; 
give occasion of labor to. 

troublesome (-sum), adj. causing 
trouble. 

trough (tr6f), n. a long, hollow ves- 
sel for holding a liquid, food, &c. ; 
anything hollowed out. 

trounce (trouns), v.t. to beat sound- 
ly. 

trouncing ('ing), n. a severe beat- 
ing. 

troupe (troop), n. a company of per- 
formers. 

trousers (trou'zerz), n.pl. a garment 
worn by men and boys, from the 
waist to the ankles, and covering 
each leg separately. 



trousseau _(tr6o-so'), n. [pi. trous- 
seaux (-soz')], a bride's outfit. 

trout (trout), n. a fresh- water fish 
allied to the salmon, but smaller. 

trover (tro'ver), n. the gaining pos- 
session of goods by finding or other 
means; an action at law for goods 
found and not delivered on demand. 

trow (trou), v.i. to believe; trust. 

tro-wel ('el), n. a flat, triangular tool , 
used for spreading mortar ; a gar- 
dener's tool. 

troy weight (troi'wat), n. a weight 
of 12 ounces to the pound, used by 
goldsmiths and jewelers. 

truancy (tro6'an-si), n. playing trn- 
ant. 

truant ('ant), n. one who absents 
himself from school without leave ; 
one who idles away from duty or 
business ; loiterer : adj. pertaining 
to, or characteristic of a truant; 
idle. 

truce (troos), n. a temporary peace 
or cessation of hostilities; brief ces- 
sation. 

truck (truk), n. a wheeled vehicle for 
carrying goods ; small wooden wheel ; 
small wooden cap on the top of a 
flagstaff, &c. ; barter ; garden vegeta- 
bles : v.t. to send by truck ; peddle ; 
hawk : v.i. to exchange commodities ; 
barter ; negotiate. 

truckle ( '1 ) , n. a small wheel or cas- 
ter : t7.t. trundle ; move on rollers : 
v.i. to yield obsequiously to anoth- 
er's will. 

truckle-bed (-bed), n. a trundle-bed» 

truculence ('ti-lens), n. ferocity. 

truculent ('ti-lent), adj. ferocious; 
of fierce aspect. 

trudge (truj), v.i. to travel on foot, 
especially with labor or fatigue. 

true (troo), adj. [comp. truer, superl, 
truest], comformable to fact; faith- 
ful or loyal ; genuine ; rightful ; cor- 
rect. 

true-blue ('bloo), adj. of inflexible 
honesty and fidelity. 

truffle (truf'l), n. a fleshy under- 
ground fungus much esteemed as a 
table delicacy. 

truism, (troo'izm), n. a self-evident 
truth. 

truly ('li), adv. in agreement with 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



trn 



828 



tse 



truth or fact; precisely; sincerely; 
honestly, 

trnnip (trump), n. a trumpet: a win- 
ning card ; one of the suit of cards 
that takes any of the other suits ; a 
genuine good fellow : v.t. to take 
with a trump card: v.i. to play a 
trump card. 

trumpery ('er-i) , n. worthless finery ; 
rubbish : adj. worthless ; insigniti- 
cant. 

trumpet ('et), n, a metal wind in- 
strument formed of a single curved 
tube ; an organ s.top : v.t. to publish 
by, or as by, the sound of trumpet ; 
noise abroad ; praise extravagantly. 

trumpeter ('er), n. one who sounds 
a trumpet ; one who proclaims ; self- 
flatterer ; a variety of pigeon ; an 
American swan. 

truncal (trung'kal), adj. pertaining 
to the trunk. 

truncate ('kat), adj. appearing as 
if cut o££ at the tip : v.t. (trung-kaf) 
to lop. 

truncated ('ka-ted), adj. cut off 
short. 

truncheon (trun'chun), n. a short 
staff or cudgel ; baton or staff of au- 
thority : v.t. to beat with a trun- 
cheon. 

trundle ('dl), v.t. to roll along; roll, 
as on small wheels : n. a little wheel ; 
truck. 

trundle-bed ('bed), n. a low bed 
that runs on casters. 

trunk (trungk), n, the stem of a 
tree ; body of an animal, as distin- 
guished from the head and limbs ; 
main body of anything; elephant's 
proboscis ; large traveling box or 
chest ; shaft of a column. 

trunk-liose Choz), n. large breeches 
reaching to the knees. 

trunnion (trun'yun), n. one of the 
two bosses which project from the 
opposite sides of a cannon. 

truss (trus), n. a surgical apparatus 
for the relief of hernia ; a bundle or 
package ; timbers fastened together 
for the support of a roof; rope or 
iron for keeping the center of the 
lower yard to the mast ; tuft of flow- 
ers formed at the top of the main 
stalk or stem of certain plants : v.t. 



to bind or pack close; seize and 
carry off; skewer; make fast. 

trust (trust), n. confidence; faith; 
credit ; special reliance on presumed 
integrity ; combination of capitalists 
to secure a monopoly ; an estate held 
for the benefit of another : v.t. to 
place confidence in ; rely upon ; cred- 
it ; sell upon credit to : v.i. to have 
trust in : adj. held in trust. 

trustee (trus-te'), n. a person to 
whom property or the management 
of property is committed for the 
benefit of others. 

trusteeship (-ship), n. the oflBce or 
functions of a trustee. 

trustful (trust'fool), adj. full of 
trust ; faithful. 

trustfully (-i), adv. in a trustful 
manner. 

trustiness ('i-nes), n. the quality of 
being trusty. 

trusty ('i), adj. [comp. trustier, su- 
perl, trustiest], justly deserving con- 
fidence ; faithful. 

truth (trooth), n. [pi. truths], agree- 
ment with reality ; eternal principle 
of right, or law of order; veracity; 
fidelity; fact. 

truthful ('fool), adj. according to, 
adhering to, or speaking, the truth; 
reliable. 

truthfully (-i), adv. in a truthful 
manner. 

try (tri), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. tried, p.pr. 
trying], to prove by experiment; 
test or prove ; examine ; purify or 
refine ; subject to severe trial ; ex- 
amine judicially ; subject to strain : 
n. an attempt or experiment. 

trying ('ing), adj. afflictive; difficult. 

try-sail ('sal), n. a sail set on the 
fore and main masts, rigged with a 
boom and gaff. 

tryst (trist), n. a rendezvous; place 
of meeting; appointment to meet; 
meeting in accordance with appoint- 
ment. 

tsar, another form of czar. 

tsarina, same as czarina. 

tsetse (tset'se), n. an irritating Afri- 
can fly whose bite is fatal to oxen, 
horses, &c. 

T-square (te'skwar), n. a draughts' 
man's ruler. 



Ite, arm, Ssk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; bdon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



tua 



820 



tun 



tuatera (too-^-ta'ra), w. a New Zea- 
land carnivorous lizard. 

tub (tub), n. a small cask; sponge 
bath: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. tubbed, p.p.. 
tubbing], to place in a tub: v.i. to 
take a sponge bath. 

tubby ('i), adj. tub-shaped. 

tube (tub), n. a hollow cylinder for 
conveying fluids ; pipe : v.t. to fur- 
nish with a tube. 

tuber (tu'ber), n. a thickened, round- 
ish, underground stem. 

tubercle (-kl), n. a small hard local 
tumor ; little tuber. 

tubercular ('ku-ler), adj. full of 
small knobs or tubercles. 

tuberculosis (-lo'sis), n. a disease 
accompanied by the formation oi 
small tubercles in the tissues. 

tuberous ('ber-us), adj. consisting 
of roundish fleshy tubers. 

tuberose ('ber-os), n. an odoriferous 
plant with a tuberous root and lilia- 
ceous flowers. 

tubing ('bing), n. material for tubes. 

tubular ( 'bu-lar ) , adj. tube-shaped ; 
consisting of a tube or tubes. 

tuck (tuk), n. a fold in a dress; roll 
of a drum : v.t. to thrust or press 
in ; gather, or turn up ; fold under. 

tuck-a-boe ('a-ho),w. a curious veg- 
etable production somewhat resem- 
bling the truffle ; Indian bread. 

tucker ('er), n. ornamental frilling 
or article of dress for shading the 
bosom of a woman. 

tucum (too'kum), n. a South Ameri- 
can palm, yielding a valuable fiber. 

Tuesday (ttiz'da), n. the 3rd day of 
the week. 

tufa (too'fa), n. friable volcanic rock 
or scoriae ; soft or porous stone 
formed by the deposition of carbon- 
ate of lime from water. Tuff. 

tuft (tuft), n. a collection of small 
things forming a knot or bunch : v.t. 
to separate into, or adorn with, 
tufts. 

tuft-hunter (-hun'ter), n. one who 
courts the acquaintance of persons 
of rank. 

tug (tug), n. a pull with great effort ; 
steam towing vessel : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
tugged, p.pr. tugging], to pull or 
draw with continued effort ; tow ; 
v.i. to strain in labor. 



tuition (tti-ish'un), n. act or busi- 
ness of teaching ; instruction ; fee 
for instruction. 

tulip Clip), n. a liliaceous plant with 
bell-shaped flowers. 

tulle (tool), n. a delicate silk lace or 
netting. 

tumble (tum'bl), v.i. to fall suddenly 
and violently ; roll about : v.t. to 
throw down ; turn over : n. a fall ; a 
rolling over. 

tumbler ('bier) , n. one who tumbles ; 
posture n^ker; a kind of drinking- 
glass; variety of pigeon. 

tumbrel ('brel), n. a cart that may 
be tilted up ; two-wheeled covered 
cart for conveying tools, ammuni- 
tion, &c., in a military train. Also 
tumbril. 

tumid ('mid), adj. swollen; distend- 
ed ; bombastic ; pompous. 

tumidity ('i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being tumid. 

tumor ('mer), n. a morbid swelling 
or enlargement of any part of the 
body. 

turn- turn (tum'tum), n. a West In- 
dian dish of boiled plantain. 

tumult (tu'mult), n. the commotion 
of a number of people; noisy con- 
fusion ; riot. 

tumultuous (-mul'tu-us), adj. char- 
acterized by, or full of, tumult ; dis- 
orderly; agitated. 

tumulus ('mii-lus), n. [pi. tumuli 
(-li)], an artificial hillock raised 
over a grave. 

tun (tun), n. a large cask; measure 
of wine = 252 gallons; fermenting 
vat of a brewery. 

tunable (ttin'a-bl), adj. capable of 
being tuned; harmonious; melodi- 
ous. 

tundra (toon'dra;), n. a stretch of 
mossy, marshy, flat land in Northern 
Siberia. 

tune (tun), n. a series of musical 
notes with unity of key-note ; mel- 
ody ; short musical composition ; 
just intonation ; fit disposition or 
right mood : v.t. to cause to produce 
the proper sounds ; harmonize. 

tuneful ( 'fool ) , adj. musical ; har- 
monious. 

tunefully (-li), adv. harmoniously. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



tun 



830 



tnr 



tuner ( 'er ) , n. one who tunes musical 
instruments. 

tnngsten (tung'sten), n. a rare, 
heavy, greyish-white metal. 

tnngstic acid ('stik as'id), n. an 
acid of tungsten consisting of 1 
equivalent of tungsten and 3 of oxy- 
gen. 

tunic (tti'nik), n. an undergarment 
worn by both sexes of the ancient 
Romans ; loose kind of frock worn 

I by women and boys ; military coat ; 
membrane covering some organ ; cov- 
ering, as of a seed. 

tunicated ('ni-ka-ted), adj. covered 
with a membrane. 

tunicle (ttin'i-kl), n. a small tunic; 
a close-fitting vestment worn by Ro- 
man Catholic bishops and sub-dea- 
cons. 

tunnel (tun'el), n. a vaulted under- 
ground passage cut through a hill or 
under a river ; funnel ; shaft of a 
chimney ; net wide at the mouth and 
ending in a point : v.t. to form a 
tunnel through or under. 

tunny ('i), n. [pi. tunnies ('iz)], a 
large marine fish allied to the mack- 
erel. 

tupelo (tti'pe-lo), n. a North Amer- 
ican tree with red berries and a 
very hard wood. 

turacine (too'ra-sin), n. a red pig- 
ment 

Turanian (tti-ra'ni-an), adj. noting 
generally those languages and peo- 
ples not included in the Aryan and 
Semitic families. 

turban (ter'ban), n. the headdress 
worn by Orientals, consisting of a 
cap around which a sash is wrapped. 

turbary ('ba-ri), n. right of digging 
turf on the land of another ; place 
where turf is dug. 

turbid ('bid), adj. muddy; thick. 

turbine ('bin), n. a wheel turning on 
a vertical axis and driven by steam 
or water. 

turbit ('bit), n. a variety of pigeon. 

turbot Cbot), n. a large flat fish. 

turbulence ('bti-lens), n. disorder; 
agitation. 

turbulent ('bu-Ient), adj. tumultu- 
ous; agitated; insubordinate; riot- 
ous. 



Turco ( 'ko ) , n. an Arab sharpshooter 
in the French army. 

Turcopbile ('ko-fil), n. a supporter 
of the Turks in their domination 
over the Slavonic Christians. Also 
Turcophil. 

tureen (tu-ren'), n. a deep table-ves- 
sel for holding soup. 

turf (terf), n. the grassy surface of 
untilled land ; race-course ; occupa- 
tion of racing (with the) : v.t. to 
cover with turf. 

turfiness ('i-ness), n. the state or 
quality of being turfy. 

turfing ('ing), n. the laying down of 
turf. 

turfite ('it), n. one who makes his 
living by, or is devoted to, horse- 
racing. 

turfy ('i), adj. abounding in, or like, 
turf. 

turgescence (-jes'ens), n. inflation. 

turgescent Cent), adj. growing in- 
flated. 

turgid Cjid), adj. distended beyond 
the natural size ; inflated ; bombas- 
tic. 

turkey- trot, n. a modern one-step, 
syncopated-time dance ; named from 
the high, single steps or trot of the 
turkey; accompanied by eccentric 
and sensational motions and posi- 
tions; widely prohibited as immod- 
est. See tango 

Turkish ('ish), n. the language of 
the Turks : adj. pertaining to Turkey 
or the Turks. 

Turkisk-batk (-bath), n. a hot air 
bath. 

turmeric (ter'mer-ik), n. the root- 
stock of an East Indian plant, yield- 
ing a yellow color used in dyeing. 

turmoil ( 'moil ) , n. harassing labor ; 
worrying confusion ; noise. 

turn (tern), v.t. to cause or make to 
go round ; change the direction of ; 
change from one state to another; 
reverse ; convert ; transform ; trans- 
late ; bend back ; blunt ; make giddy ; 
nauseate ; expel : v.i. to have a cir- 
cular motion ; be changed ; move as 
on a pivot*; recoil : n. the act of 
turning; movement in a circular di- 
rection ; bend or curve ; change of 
direction ; opportunity ; good or evil 
act ; short spell ; form or cast ; fright 



ate, arm^ Ssk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



tnr 



831 



twi 



or shock; single twist or bend of a 
rope. 

tnrndun ('dun), n. a flat piece of 
wood shaped like a fish which when 
whirled in the air makes a roaring 
noise: used by certain savage races. 

turner ('er), n. one who turns; one 
who turns articles in a lathe ; a kind 
of pigeon. 

turnery ('er-i), n. articles made in 
the lathe. 

turning ('ing), n. the act of one 
who, or that which, turns ; devia- 
tion ; a winding. 

turnip ('ip), n. a well-known plant 
with a solid bulbous root. 

turnkey ('ke), n. a prison warder. 

turnpike ('pik), n. a gate or bar to 
stop vehicles, and sometimes foot 
passengers, &c., until toll is paid. 

turpentine ('pen-tin), n. the resin- 
ous or viscid juice of pine and fir 
trees. 

turpitude ('pi-tud), n, moral de- 
pravity. 

turquoise (ter'koiz), n» a precious 
stone. 

turret (tur'et), n, a small tower; 
cylindrical rotary iron tower on a 
man-of-war. 

turreted (-ed), adj, furnished with 
turrets. 

turtle (ter'tl), n. a large edible sea- 
tortoise ; the turtle-dove. 

turtle-dove (-duv), n. a species of 
dove, noted for its gentleness and 
tenderness. 

Tuscan Order (tus'kan or'der), n. 
the most simple of the 5 orders of 
classic architecture. 

tush (tush), inter j, an expression of 
contempt, rebuke, or silence. 

tusk (tusk), n. the long, pointed 
tooth on each side of the upper jaw 
of certain mammals. 

tussah (tus'a), n. an inferior kind 
of silk. Also tussore, tusseh. 

tussle ('1), n. a scuflSe: v.i. to scuffle 
or struggle. 

tussock ('ok), n. a tuft, clump, or 
small hillock of grass; a species of 
tuffy grass, valuable for fodder. 
Also tussac. 

tut (tut), inter j. hush! be quiet! 

tutelage (tu'te-laj), n. guardianship. 

tutelary ('te-la-ri), adj. protecting. 



tutenag ('te-nag), n. Chinese copper. 

tutor ('ter), n. a teacher; guardian: 
v.t. to instruct ; train or discipline. 

tutorial (-to'ri-al), adj. pertaining 
to, or exercised by, a tutor or in- 
structor. 

tutorship ('ter-ship), n. the office of 
a tutor ; guardianship. 

twaddle (twod'l), n. silly talk: v.t, 
to talk in a silly or weak manner. 

twain (twan), n. & adj. two. 

twang (twang), n. a sharp, quick, 
vibrating sound ; affected nasal tone 
of voice : v.t. & v.i. to sound with a 
sharp, vibrating noise. 

tweak (twek), v.t. to pinch or pull 
with a sudden jerk and twist: n. a 
sudden sharp pull or pinch. 

tweed (twed), n. a soft, woolly cloth 
material. 

tweezers (twe'zers), n.pl. small pinch- 
ers for pulling out hairs. 

twelfth, (twelfth), adj. next in order 
after the eleventh : n. one of 12 
equal parts. 

Twelfth Day (da), n. Epiphany. 

twelvemo (twelv'mo), n. duodecimo. 

twentieth (twen'ti-eth), adj. the or- 
dinal of 20 : n. one of 20 equal parts. 

twenty ('ti), adj, twice 10: n. the 
number which is one more than 19 ; 
a score. 

twice twis), adv. two times; doubly. 

twiddle (twid'l), v.t. to twirl in a 
light manner ; touch lightly : v.t. to 
move with a quivering motion : n. a 
twist of the fingers. 

twig (twig), n. a small shoot or 
branch : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. twigged, 
p.pr. twigging], to notice; under- 
stand : v.i. to comprehend. 

twilight (twi'lit), n. the faint light 
before sunrise and after sunset; 
partial illumination: adj. obscure; 
shaded. 

twill (twil), n. an appearance of 
diagonal lines in textile fabrics; 
fabric woven with a twill : v.t. to 
weave, as a fabric, with diagonal 
lines. 

twin (twin), adj. double; closely re- 
sembling : n. one of two born at a 
birth ; any person or thing very like 
another. 

twine (twin), v.t. to twist; wind 
round ; unite closely : v.i. to be close- 



ftte, arm, ftsk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boooi 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



tx^ 



832 



typ 



iy united by twisting : n. a twist ; 
strong thread. 

twinge (twinj), v.i. to affect with a 
sudden sharp pain ; twitch : v.i. to 
suffer a twinge: n. a sudden sharp 
pain. 

twinkle (twing'kl), n. a quick mo- 
tion of the eye; short, tremulous 
light ; an instant : v.i. to open and 
shut the eyes rapidly ; blink ; shine 
with a tremulous, sparkling light ; 

J quiver. 

'twirl (twerl), v.t. to move or turn 
round rapidly ; whirl : v.i. to rotate 
rapidly : n. a quick, circular mo- 
tion ; convolution. 

twist (twist), v.t. to unite or form 
by winding together ; wind spirally ; 
interlace ; writhe or contort ; cause 
to turn from a direct line : v.i. to be 
contorted ; move in a curve : n. the 
act of twisting ; convolution ; man- 
ner of twisting ; cord or thread ; 
kind of roll tobacco. 

twit (twit), v.t. [p.t. & p.v. twitted, 
p.pr. twitting], to annoy by remind- 
ing of a fault, &c. ; upbraid. 

twitch (twich), v.t, to pull with a 
sudden jerk : v.i. to contract or move 
quickly or spasmodically : n. a sud- 
den jerk or pull ; short spasmodic 
convulsion. 

twitch-gras ('gras), n. couch-grass. 

twite (twit), n. the mountain linnet. 

twitter (twit'er), v.i. to make a suc- 
cession of small, tremulous sounds, 
as a bird ; feel a tremulous, nervous 
motion : n. a small, tremulous noise ; 
slight nervous agitation. 

two (too), adj. one and one: n. the 
number of one and one. 

twopenny (tup'en-i), adj. of the 
value of twopence ; trumpery ; vul- 
gar ; worthless. 

twoply (too'pli), adj. of two thick- 
nesses. 

tycoon (ti-ko6n*), n. the title for- 
merly assumed by the commander- 
in-chief of the Japanese army. 

tying (ti'ing), p.pr. of tie: n, the 
process of washing ores. 

tyler, same as tiler. 

tympan (tim'pan), n. the parchment- 
covered frame on which sheets are 
laid to be printed. 



tympanic (-pan'ik), adj. pertaining 
to a tympan or tympanum. Also 
tympanal. 

tympanum ('pa-num), n. the mem- 
branous wall which separates the in- 
ternal from the external ear ; the 
drum of the ear ; flat triangular part 
of a pediment ; hollow " drum-shaped 
wheel. 

type (tip), v.t. to typify; reproduce 
by a typewriter : .i. an emblem, sign, 
or symbol ; figure or design stamped 
on coin ; distinguishing mark ; gen- 
eral form or structure ; original de- 
sign ; a letter in metal or wood for 
printing from. Different sizes of 
printing types are indicated by dis- 
tinguishing names and by means of 
a unit of type measurement, which 

. in the United States is one-twelfth 
of a pica. 

SIZES OF TYPE. 
Brilliant = 3% point. 
Diamond = 4 or 4^/^ point. 
Pearl = 5 point. 
Agate =5% point. 
Nonpareil = 6 point. 
Minion = 7 point. 
Breviej* = 8 point. 
Bourgeois = 9 point. 
Long primer = 10 point. 
Small pica — 11 point. 
Pica = 12 point. 
English = 14 point. 
Columbian = 16 point. 
Great primer = 18 point. 
type-metal ('met-al), n. an alloy of 
lead, antimony and tin for casting 
type. 
typewriter ('ri-ter), n. a mechan- 
ical contrivance for producing let- 
ters by means of an inked ribbon 
and types ; a typewriting-machine ; 
an operator of a typewriting ma- 
chine. 
typhoid (ti'foid), adj. pertaining to, 
or like, typhus : n. an enteric fever 
occasioned by defective drains, &c. 
typhoon (-foon'), n. a violent torna- 
do in the Chinese and Japanese seas. 
typhus ('fus), n. a contagious fever 

often occurring as an epidemic. 
typical (tip'i-kal), adj. figurative. 
typically (-i), adv. figuratively. 
typify ('i-fi),v.t. [p.t. & p.p. typified, 



&te, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; bodn, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



typ 8 

V-Pif' typifying], to represent by an 

image or emblem ; foreshadow. 
typist (tip'ist), n. one who operates 

a typewriting machine. 
typographer (tl-pog'ra-fer), n. a 

printer 
typographical (-po-graf'i-kal), adj. 

pertaining to the art of printing. 

Also typographic. 
typographically (-i), adv. by means 

of type ; employed in printing. 
typography (-pog'ra-fi), n. the art 

of printing. 
typology (-pol'o-ji), n. the doctrine 

of Scripture types or figures. 
tyrannical (-ran'i-kal), adj. pertain- 
. ing to, or characteristic of, a tyrant ; 

despotic; cruel. Also tyrannic. 
tyrannically (-i), adv. in a tyran- 
nical manner. 



■S tyr 

tyrannize (tir'Sn-iz), v.i. to act like 
a tyrant; rule with oppressive se- 
verity, 

tyrannous ('an-us), adj. arbitrary; 
tyrannical. 

tyranny ('an-i), n. the government 
or conduct of a tyrant; severity; 
absolute monarchy imperiously ad- 
ministered. 

tyrant (ti'rant), n. an oppressor; 
despot. 

Tyrian (tir'i-an), adj. pertaining to 
ancient Tyre ; of a rich purple color. 

tyro (ti'ro), n. a beginner; novice. 

Tyrolese {tiv-b-\ez'), adj. pertaining 
to the Tyrol or its natives. 

tyrolienne (-o-le-en'), n. a popular 
song of the Tyrolese mountaineers, 
accompanied with dancing. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, *ften. 




ubiquitous (u-bik'wi-tus), adj, ex- 
isting everywhere ; omnipresent. 

nbiquity ('wi-ti), n. omnipresence. 

udder (ud'der), n. the glandular or- 
gan of a mammal which secretes the 
milk. 

uglily (ug'li-li), adv. in an ugly man- 
ner. 

ugliness (-nes), n. total absence of 
beauty; deformity, physical or 
moral. 

ugly ('li), adj. [comp. uglier, superl. 
ugliest], that which is offensive to 
the eye ; deformed ; morally repel- 
lent ; ill-natured. 

uhlan (u'lan), n. one of a kind of 
light cavalry, or lancer, in the Ger- 
man army. 

ukase (-kas'), n. a Russian imperial 
decree having the force of a law. 

ulcer (ul'ser), n. a sore, attended 
with a secretion of pus. 

ulcerate (-at), v.t. to affect with an 
ulcer : v.i. to be formed into an ulcer. 

ulceration (-a'shun), n. the process 
of forming into an ulcer. 

ulcerous ('ser-us), adj. ulcer-like. 

ule (ul), n. a Mexican tree which 
yields caoutchouc. 

ulna ('na), n. the larger of the two 
bones that form the fore-arm. 

ulnar ('ner), adj. pertaining to the 
ulna. 

ulster (ul'ster), n. a long, loose over- 
coat of coarse cloth. 

ulterior (-te'ri-er), adj. lying beyond 
or on the further side ; more dis- 
tant ; beyond something else either 
expressed or implied. 

ultima Cti-ma), n. the last syllable 
of a word. 

ultimate ('ti-mat), adj. being the 



last; utmost; furthest; extreme; 
final. 

ultimately (-li), adv. finally. 

ultimatum (-ti-ma'tum), n. [pi. ulti- 
mata, ultimatums ('ta, 'tumz)], 
final conditions offered as the basis 
of an agreement prior to the declara- 
tion of hostilities. 

ultimo ('ti-mo), adv. in the month 
preceding the present. 

ultra ('tra), adj. extreme. 

ultramarine (-ma-ren), n. a beau- 
tiful, permanent, blue pigment, orig- 
inally obtained from lapis-lazuli. 

ultramontane (-mon'tan), adj. be- 
ing beyond the mountains (the 
Alps) ; pertaining to, or character- 
istic of, ultramontanism. 

ultramontanism (-izm), n. extreme 
views of the Pope's authority and 
infallibility. 

ultramontanist (-ist), n. a sup- 
porter of ultramontanism. 

ululation (ul-u-la'shun), n. a howl- 
ing like a dog. 

umbel (um'bel), n. a fan-like inflo- 
rescence radiating from a common 
center. 

umbelliferous (-if'er-us), adj. pro- 
ducing or bearing umbels. Umbel- 
late, umbellated. 

umber ('ber), n. a brown pigment; 
the grayling : adj. of an olive-brown 
color. 

umbilical (-bil'i-kal), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or formed like, the navel. 

umbles ('biz), n.pl. a deer's entrails. 

umbo ('bo), n. the boss of a shield; 
point of a bivalve-shell immediately 
above the hinge. 

umbra ('bra), n. the dark cone of 
shadow projected from a planet or 



1 



ate, arm, ^sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 

834 



nnib 



835 



-and 



satellite on the side opposite to the 
sun ; the dark central part of a sun- 
spot. 

umbrage ('braj), n. screen of trees 
or foliage; offense. 

umbrageous (-bra' jus), adj. shady. 

timibrella (-brel'a), n. a covered slid- 
ing frame carried in the hand as a 
screen against the rain or sun. 

umlaut (oom'lout), n. the change of 
a vowel in one syllable through the 
influence of a vowel in the succeed- 
ing syllable. 

umpire (um'pir), n. a third party to 
whom a dispute is referred for set- 
tlement; one chosen in a game to 
see that its rules are observed : v.i. 
to act as umpire. 

unabridged (un-a-brij'd), adj. not 
shortened or condensed ; in size, 
like the original form. 

unanimity (ti-na'-nim'i-ti), n. agree- 
ment in opinion. 

unanimous (-nan'i-mus), adj. agree- 
ing in opinion. 

unarm (un-arm'), v.t. to disarm. 

unau (u'naw), n. the two-toed sloth. 

unbelief (un'be-lef), n. skepticism. 

unbend (-bend'), v.t. {p.t. & p.p. un- 
bent, p.pr. unbending], to free from 
flexure ; relax ; unfasten from the 
yards and spars : vA. to become re- 
laxed ; act with freedom or conde- 
scension. 

uncanny (-kan'i), adj. weird; mys- 
terious ; dangerous ; unpropitious 
[Scotch]. 

uncbancy (-chan'si), adj. unlucky; 
perilous. 

uncle (ung'kl), n. the brother of one's 
father or mother ; husband of one's 
aunt ; pawnbroker. 

unconscionable (un-kon'shun-a-bl) , 
adj. out of all reason or expectation. 

unction (ungk'shun), n. the act of 
anointing as a symbol of consecra- 
tion ; ointment ; anything soothing ; 
sham fervor or suavity. 

unctuous ('shus), adj. oily; sooth- 
ing ; lenitive ; extremely bland. 

undecagon (un-dek'a-gon) , n. a plane 
figure with 11 sides or 11 angles. 

under ('der), prep, beneath; subordi- 
nate to ; in subjection to ; less than ; 
during the time of. 



undergo (-go'), v.t. to pass through 
or experience ; suffer. 

undergraduate (-grad'u-at), n. a 
member of a university who has not 
taken his first degree. 

underhand (-hand'), adj. done by 
meanness or fraud ; clandestine. 

underlay (un'der-la), n. a layer of 
paper to raise the matter to be 
printed to a proper level. 

understand (-der-stand'), -y.f. to per- 
ceive by the mind ; be informed of ; 
assume or imply ; know by experi- 
ence : v.i. to have understanding ; be 
informed. 

understanding ('ing), n. the ra- 
tional faculties ; intellect ; intelli- 
gence ; wisdom ; skill. 

undertake (-tak'), v.t. \p.t. & p.p. 
undertook, p.pr. undertaking], to 
take under one's management ; as- 
sume ; attempt ; answer for : v.i. to 
take upon one's self ; guarantee. 

undertaker ('der-tak-er), n. one who 
undertakes to perform any office or 
business ; one who manages funerals. 

undertaking ('ing), n. any business 
or project a person engages to per- 
form. 

underwrite (-rit'), v.t. [p.i. under- 
wrote, p.p. underwritten, p.pr. un- 
derwriting], to subscribe one's name 
to (a policy of marine insurance) : 
v.i. to follow the calling of an un- 
derwriter. 

underwriter ('der-rit-er) , n. one who 
subscribes his name to a policy of 
marine insurance. 

underwriting (-ing), n. the calling 
of an underwriter ; marine insur- 
ance. 

undine (un-den'), n. a water-nymph. 

undue (un-du'), adj. improper; ex- 
cessive ; not legal. 

undulate ('du-lat), v.t. & v.i. to 
wave, or move like waves ; vibrate. 

undulation (-la'shun), n. a waving 
motion or vibration. 

undulatory ('du-la-to-ri), adj. undu- 
lating ; vibratory. 

undulatory tbeory (the'o-ri), w. the 
theory that light is caused by vibra- 
tions transmitted through an ethe- 
real medium in wave-like undula- 
tions. 



fite, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
book; hue. hut; think, then. 



nnd 



unduly ('li), adv. excessively; im- 
properly. 

nnearned increment (-ernd' in'kre- 
ment), n. the increase of the value 
of land or property without labor or 
expenditure on the part of the pro- 
prietor. 

unequal (-e'kwal), adj. not equal; 
not regular or uniform ; ill-matched ; 
disproportionate ; insufficient. 

ungual (ung'gwal), adj. pertaining 
to, or having, a nail, claw, or hoof. 

unguent ('gwent), n. an ointment; 
lubricating substance. ^ 

ungulate ('gu-lat), adj. hoof-shaped. 

uni, a prefix, meaning one, or produc- 
ing one, as ■Mwtcellular : adj. formed 
of one cell. 

unicorn (u'ni-korn), n. a fabled ani- 
mal resembling a horse, but with a 
straight horn projecting from the 
forehead. 

uniform ('ni-form), adj. having only 
one form ; consistent with itself ; 
same in form, manner, or character ; 
equable : n. an official or regulation 
dress. 

uniformity ('i-ti), n. resemblance; 
conformity to one pattern ; accord. 

unify ('ni-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. uni- 
fied, p.pr. unifying], to form into 
one ; make a unit of. 

unilateral (-lat'er-al) , adj. one-sided. 

unilocular (-lok'ti-ler), adj. one- 
celled. 

union (iin'yun), n. the act of uniting, 
or making one ; combination ; coali- 
tion ; concord ; conjunction ; agree- 
ment between parts ; harmony in 
color ; trades-union. 

unionism (-izm), n. trades-unionism. 

unionist (-ist), n. a trades-unionist, 

union-jack (-jak), n. the national 
flag of Great Britain and Ireland. 

uniped (ti'ni-ped), adj. one-footed. 

unique (-nek'), adj. without another 
of the same kind ; unparalleled. 

unison ('ni-sun), n. accordance of 
sound ; concord ; harmony. 

unit ('nit), n. one; a single person or 
thing ; standard amount or quantity. 

Unitarian (-ni-ta'ri-an), n. one who 
denies the doctrine of the Holy Trin- 
ity, regarding the Godhead as uni- 
personal : adj. pertaining to Uni- 
tarians. 



Unitarianism (-izm), n. the doc- 
trines of the Umitarians. 

unite (-nit'), v.t. to incorporate into 
one ; make to agree or adhere ; join 
by a legal or moral bond : v.i. to be- 
come one ; combine ; commingle. 

United Brethren ('ed-bre*/i'ren), 
n.pl. the Moravians. 

unity ('ni-ti), n. the state of being 
one ; concord ; uniformity ; agree- 
ment ; harmony. 

universal (-ni-ver'sal), adj. all-per- 
vading ; embracing or comprehend- 
ing the whole ; general : n. in logic, 
a proposition which affirms the pred- 
icate to belong to the whole of the 
subject. 

Universalism (-izm) , n. the doctrine 
that all mankind will ultimately be 
saved, together with Satan and the 
fallen angels. 

Universalist (-ist), n. a believer in 
Universalism. 

universality (-sal'i-ti), n. the state 
or quality of being universal. 

universally ('sal-i), adv. without ex- 
ception. 

universe ('ni-vers), n. the whole sys- 
tem of created things ; world. 

university (-ver'si-ti), n. [pi. uni- 
versities (-tiz)], an assemblage of 
colleges or incorporated institutions 
for instruction in the higher branches 
of art, science, &c., and empowered 
to confer degrees in the several arts 
and faculties. 

unkempt (un-kempt'), adj. un- 
combed ; rough. 

unless (-les'), conj. except; if not. 

unman (-man'), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. un- 
manned, p.pr. unmanning], to de- 
prive of courage or fortitude; emas- 
culate. 

unnerve (-nerv'), v.t. to deprive of 
strength or power ; weaken. 

unplaced (-plasf), adj. not placed; 
not holding a governmental office ; 
not among the first three at the end 
of a race. 

unruliness (-ru.'li-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being unruly. 

unruly (-rii'li), adj. disregarding re- 
straint or authority; ungovernable; 
turbulent. 

unses (-seks'), v.t. to deprive of the 
characteristic qualities of a woman. 



ate, arm, &sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



nnt 



837 



unto ('too), prep. to. 

iintratli (-trooth'), n. a falsehood. 

up (up), adv. on high; above the 
horizon; from a lower to a higher 
position. 

upas (ti'pas), n. a tree, common in 
Java, w^ith a poisonous juice. 

upbraid (up-brad'), v.t. to reproach. 

upcast Ckast), adj. directed up- 
wards : n. the ventilating shaft of a 
mine through which the air passes 
after circulating below. 

upheaval (-hev'al), n. a lifting from 
below ; a lifting of strata by some 
internal force. 

upheave (-hev'), 'O.t. to lift up from 
beneath. 

upholster (-hol'ster), v.t. to supply 
with house-furnishings. 

upholsterer (-er), n. one who sup- 
plies uuholstery. 

upholstery ('ter-i), n. the business 
of an upholsterer ; articles of house- 
furnishing. 

upland-cotton ('land-kot-un), n. 
cotton with a short fiber. 

upon (-on'), prep, on; resting on the 
top or surface ; relating to ; noting 
assumption, security, or time. 

upper ('er), adj. higher in place, 
rank, or dignity. 

uppish ('ish), adj. arrogant; assum- 
ing. 

upright ('rit), adj. erect; just; hon- 
est ; equitable ; elevation of a build- 
ing- timber supporting a rafter. 

uproar ('ror), n. noisy disturbance; 
bustle and clamor. 

uproarious ( 'i-us ) , adj. making great 
noise and tumult. 

apset (-set'), v.t. to overthrow; put 
out of normal condition: n. (up'set) 
the act of upsetting; state of being 
upset : adj. fixed. 

upshot ('shot), n. final result. 

upstart ('start), n. one who suddenly 
rises from a humble position to 
wealth or influence : adj. suddenly 
raised to a position of wealth and 
influence. 

upto-wn Ctoun), adj. situated in, or 
living in, the upper part of a town. 

upturn (-tern'), v.t. & v.i. to turn up. 

upwards ('werdz), adv. towards a 
higher place or source. Also up- 
ward. 



ursemia, same as uremia. 

ursemic, same as uremic. 

uranin (u'ra-nin), n. a brownish-red 

dye. 

uraninxn (-ra'ni-um), n. a metallic 
element. 

nranography (-ra-nog'ra-fi), n, a 
description of the heavens, and the 
character and relation of the fixed 
stars; the construction of celestial 
maps,_ globes, &c. 

urao (oo-ra'o), n. a name for natron 
found in South America. 

urate ('rat), n. a salt of uric acid. 

urban (er'ban), adj. pertaining to a 
city or town, 

urbane (-ban'), adj. polite; refined. 

urbanity (-ban'i-ti), n. politeness; 
refinement. 

urceolate (er'se-o-lat), adj. urn- 
shaped. 

urchin ( 'chin ),7J. a small boy; hedge- 
hog. 

urea (u're-^), n. the chief solid con- 
stituent of the urine of mammals. 

uremia (ti-re'mi-a), n. poisoning of 
the blood by the presence of urea 
and other hurtful substances. 

uremic (-re'mik), adj. pertaining to 
uremia. 

urge (erj), v.t. to incite; impel; pro- 
voke : v.i. act with earnestness ; in- 
sist upon ; allege proofs. 

urgency ('en-si), n. pressure ©f ne- 
cessity ; importunity. 

urgent ('ent), adj. pressing; calling 
for immediate attention. 

uric acid (as'id), n. a peculiar and 
characteristic substance found in 
urine. 

urim ('rim), n.pl. a mystic ornament 
worn by the Jewish high priest, con- 
stituting, with the thummim, the 
oracle by which Jehovah declared 
his will. 

urinal ('ri-nal), n. a place of conven- 
ience. 

urinary ('ri-na-ri), adj. pertaining 
to, or like, urine. 

urine ('rin), n. the excretion from 
the kidneys. 

urinoscopy (u'ri-no-sko-pi), n. the 
diagnosis of disease by examination 
of the patient's urine. 

urn (ern), n. a roundish vessel of va- 
rious materials bulging in the mid- 



Ste, arm, &sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; booUf 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



nrs 



838 



vzo 



die, usually with a foot or pedestal ; 
a vessel in which the ashes of the 
dead are preserved. 

UTsiforxn (er'si-form), adj. bear-like. 

ursine ('sin), adj. pertaining to, or 
resembling, a bear. 

nrubu (oo'roo-boo), n. the black vul- 
ture of Central America. 

■ns (us), pron. objective of we. 

usablwi (iiz'a-bl), adj. that can be 
used. 

usage ('aj), n. mode of using; treat- 
ment; habitual or long continued 
use or custom. 

usance ('ans), n. the time fixed for 
the payment of a bill of exchange. 

use (us), n. the act of using; applica- 
tion of anything to a particular pur- 
pose ; employment ; custom or prac- 
tice; treatment: v.i. (uz) to make 
use of ; employ ; avail one's self of ; 
possess or enjoy for a time ; habitu- 
ate: v.i. to be accustomed. 

■useful ('fool), adj. full of use, profit, 
or advantage ; beneficial. 

usefully (-i), adv. in a useful man- 
ner. 

useless ('les), adj. having, or being 
of, no use. 

usher (ush'er), n. a doorkeeper; an 
officer who introduces strangers or 
walks before persons of rank ; as- 
sistant master : v.t. to introduce or 
escort (with in or fortTi). 

usual (u'zhu-al), adj. habitual; cus- 
tomary. 

usually (-i), adv. ordinarily. 

usufruct ('zti-frukt), n. the tempo- 
rary use and enjoyment of lands and 
tenements belonging to another. 

usurer ('zhur-er), n. one who lends 
money at an exorbitant rate of in- 
terest. 

usurious (-zhoo'ri-us), adj. practic- 
ing usury. 

usurp (-zerp'), v.t. to take possession 
of by force, or without right : ap- 
plied to seizure and use of office, 
functions, powers, rights, &c. 

usurpation (-zer-pa'shun) , n. the act 
of usurping, especially the unlawful 
seizure of regal power. 

usurper (-zerp'er) , n. one who usurps. 

usury ('zhu-ri), n. interest on money 



beyond the current rate of interest ; 
practice of lending money at exorbi- 
tant interest. 

utensil (-ten'sil), n. an implement, 
especially one used for domestic or 
culinary purposes. 

uterine ('ter-in), adj. pertaining to 
the womb ; born of the same mother, 
but by a different father. 

uterus Cter-us), w.the womb. 

utilitarian (-til-i-ta'ri-an), adj. per- 
taining to, or aiming at, utility : n, 
one who holds the doctrine of utili- 
tarianism. 

utilitarianism (-izm), n. the doc- 
trine that virtue is defined and en- 
forced by its tendency to promote 
the highest happiness of mankind. 

utility (-til'i-ti), n. usefulness; in- 
trinsic value. 

utilize Ctil-iz), v.t. to make useful or 
profitable. 

utmost (ut'most), adj. in the great- 
est degree; most distant; furthest; 
extreme : n. the extreme limit or ex- 
tent. 

Utopian (ti-to'pi-an), n. pertaining 
the imaginary island, described by 
Sir Thos. More in his "Utopia," 
where the most perfect system of 
laws and institutions existed : hence 
ideal ; visionary. 

XJtopianism (-izm), n. ideal schemes 
for social happiness or perfection. 

utter (ut'er), adj. entire; absolute; 
unqualified ; total : v.t. to speak ; 
pronounce ; publish abroad ; circu- 
late, especially counterfeit coins or 
notes. 

utterance (-ans), w. vocal expres- 
sion ; speech ; style of speaking. 

uttermost ('er-most), adj. extreme; 
in the furthest, greatest, or highest 
degree : n. the furthest extent or de- 
gree. 

uvea (ti've-a), n. the posterior, dark- 
colored layer of the iris. 

uvula ('vu-ia), n. the fleshy, conical 
body, attached to the soft palate, 
hanging at the back part of the 
tongue. 

uvular Cvu-lar), adj. pertaining to 
the uvula. 

uxorious (uk-so'ri-us), adj. foolishly 
or excessively fond of a wife. 



ate, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; booD, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




vacancy (va'kan-si), n. [pi. vacan- 
cies (-siz) ], state of being vacant or 
empty ; listlessness ; unoccupied of- 
fice ; open or unoccuDied space. 

vacant ('kant) . rd/. empty ; free from 
thought or reflection ; not occupied. 

vacate ('kat), v.t. to make vacant; 
annul ; give up the possession of. 

vacation (-ka'shun), n. the act of 
vacating; intermission of a stated 
employment, or judicial proceed- 
ings ; school holidays. 

vaccinal (vak'si-nal), adj. pertaining 
to vaccine or vaccination. 

vaccinate ('si-nat), v.t. to inoculate 
with vaccine matter as a protection 
against smallpox. 

vaccination (-na'shun), n. act of 
vaccinating. 

vaccinator ('si-na-ter), n. one who 
vaccinates. 

vaccine ('sin), adj. pertaining to, or 
obtained from cows; caused by the 
cowpox : n. a liquid taken from the 
udder of a cow affected with cow- 
pox. 

vacillate (vas'il-at), v.i. to fluctuate 
in mind or opinion ; be unsteady ; 
waver. 

vacillation (-a'shun), n. fluctuation 
of mind; unsteadiness. 

vacuity (va-kti'i-ti), n. emptiness; 
vacant state of mind or expression. 

vacuole (vak'ti-ol), n. a small cell or 
cavity in the interior of organic cells 
01 protoplasm. 

vacuous ('us), adj. empty; vacant. 

vacuum ('u-um), n. a space devoid 
of all matter; void. 

vade mecum (va'de me'kum), n. a 
manual for ready reference. 

vagabond (vag'a-bond), adj. without 



fixed habitation; roaming; idle: n. 
a vagrant ; scamp. 

vagary (va-ga'ri), n. [pi. vagaries 
('riz)], a wild freak; whim. 

vagina (-ji'na), n. the canal which 
leads from the external orifice to the 
uterus ; sheathe 

vaginal (vaj'i-nal), adj. pertaining 
to, or like, a vagina or sheath. 

vaginate ('i-nat), adj. invested with 
a sheath. 

vagrancy (va'gran-si), n. a state of 
wandering without a settled home; 
habits and life of a vagrant. 

vagrant ('grant), adj. wandering 
from place to place without a settled 
home : n. a tramp. 

vague (vag), adj. indefinite; unset- 
tled. 

vaguely ('li), adv. in a vague man- 
ner. 

vagueness ('nes), n. the state or 
quality of being vague. 

vails (valz), n.pl. gratuities given to 
servants. 

vain (van), adj. [comp. vainer, sw- 
perl. vainest], empty; unreal; de- 
ceitful ; producing no good results ; 
conceited ; ostentatious. 

vainglorious (-glo'ri-us), adj. elated 
by one's achievements; boastful. 

valance (val'ans), n. hanging dra- 
pery for a bed, window, &c. 

vale (val), n. a tract of low land be- 
tween hills; valley. 

Valenciennes (va-long-si-enz'), n. a 
farewell. 

valedictory (-dik'to-ri), adj. bidding 
farewell. 

valence (va'lens), n. the degree of 
combining power of an atom. 



Kte, firm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrtb, not; bOdzif 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



S39 



val 



840 



vap 



Valenciennes ( va-len-si-enz' ) , n. a 
rich kind of lace. 

valentia (-len'shi-a), n. a waistcoat 
material. Also Valencia. 

valentine (val'en-tm), n. a sweet- 
heart chosen on St. Valentine's day ; 
love missive sent on February 14th. 

valerian (va-le'ri-dn), n. a plant of 
the genus Valeriana, with a valua- 
ble medicinal root. 

valet (val'a), n. a servant who at- 
tends on a gentleman's person : v.t. 
to act as valet to. 

valetudinarian ( -e-tu-di-na'ri-an ) , 
adj. sickly ; seeking to recover 
health : n. an invalid. 

Valhalla (-hal'a), n. in Scandina- 
vian mythology, the palace of immor- 
tality, in which the souls of heroes 
slain in battle dwell. 

valiant ('yant), adj. brave; heroic. 

valid ('id), adj. having legal force; 
not weak or defective; sound; well- 
grounded. 

validity (va-lid'i-ti), n. legal force; 
soundness ; strength ; Justness. 

valise (va-les'), n. small portman- 
teau. 

vallation (-la'shun), n. a rampart. 

valley (vari),n. [pZ. valleys ('iz)],a 
tract of land situated between ranges 
of hills or mountains, usually trav- 
ersed by a river. 

vallisneria (-is-ne'ri-a), n. a fresh- 
water plant. 

valonia (va-16'ni-a), n. a trade name 
for the large acorn-cups of two 
kinds of oak. 

valor (val'er), n. bravery; intrepid- 
ity. 

valorous ('er-us), adj. brave; in- 
trepid. 

valuable ('ti-a-bl), adj. possessing 
useful qualities ; having value or 
worth ; costly : n. a thing or posses- 
sion of value. 

valuation (-u-a'shun), n. the act of 
valuing ; estimated worth or price ; 
estimation. 

value ('ti), n. that which renders 
anything useful or estimable ; price ; 
importance ; excellence : v.t. to esti- 
mate the worth of ; appraise ; es- 
teem. 

valued ('ud), adj. highly esteemed or 
prized. 



valve (valv), n. a lid or cover open- 
ing in one direction and shutting in 
another; one of the divisions of a 
shell. 

vamose (va-mos'), v.i. to decamp. 

vamp (vamp), n. the upper leather of 
a boot or shoe; a piece added to 
something old to give it a new ap- 
pearance ; an improvised accompani- 
ment : v.t. to furnish with an upper 
leather; patch (with up); impro- 
vise an accompaniment to. 

vampire (vam'pir), n. a fabled de- 
mon or ghost that sucks the blood of 
persons asleep ; a kind of bat. 

van (van), n. the front of an army or 
fleet ; a large covered wagon for 
moving household goods, &c. 

vanadium (va-na'di-um), n. a rare 
metallic element. 

Vandal (van'dal), n. one of a Teu- 
tonic race inhabiting the south 
shores of the Baltic, noted for their 
fierceness and destruction of works 
of art, when plundering Rome, 5th 
century. 

vandal (van'dal), n. one who is hos- 
tile to art or literature ; one who 
ruthlessly destroys what is artistic 
or venerable. 

vandalism (-izm), n. hostility to 
works of art or literature ; wanton 
destruction of what is artistic, &c. 

vane (van), n. a weather-cock. 

vang (vang), n. a rope for steadying 
the extremity of the peak of a gaff 
to the side of a ship. 

Vanessa (va-nes'sa), n. one of a spe- 
cies of handsome butterflies. 

vanguard (van'gard), n. the advance 
guard of an army. 

vanilla (va-nil'a), n. the dried fruit 
of an orchid, used for flavoring. 

vanish (van'ish), v.i. to disappear. 

vanity ('i-ti), n. [pZ. vanities (-tiz)], 
love of indiscriminate admiration ; 
empty pride or conceit ; fruitless de 
sire or endeavor ; idle show ; empti- 
ness. 

vanning ('ing), n. a method of 
cleansing ore. 

vanquish (vang'kwish), v.t. to con- 
quer ; subdue ; refute in argument. 

vantage ( 'taj ) , n. advantage ; in lawn 
tennis, the first point after deuce. 

vapid (vap'id), adj. dull; insipid. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, n&rth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



vap 



841 



vapidity (v^-pid'i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being vapid. 

vapor (va'per), n. the gas into which 
most liquids and solids are converted 
by heat ; steam ; mist ; whim : pi. 
hysteria ; melancholia : v.i. to pass 
off in vapor ; bully. 

vaporize (va'per-iz), v.t. to convert 
into vapor. 

vaporous ('per-us), adj. full of, or 
like, vapor ; unreal. 

vapory (-i), adj. full ,of vapors. 

vaquero (va-ka'ro), n. a herdsman 
[Mexican]. 

variability (va-ri-a-bil'i-ti), n. the 
state or quality of being variable ; 
changeableness. Also variableness. 

variable ( 'ri-a-bl ) , adj, changeable ; 
inconstant ; fickle. 

variably (-bli), adv. in a variable 
manner. 

variance ('ri-ans), n, difference; 
quarrel. 

variant ('ri-ant), adj. variable; dif- 
fei*ent : n. a different form of sub- 
stantially the same thing. 

variate ('ri-at), v.t. to diversify. 

variation (-ri-a'shun), n. partial 
change ; difference ; inflection ; devia- 
tion of the magnetic needle from the 
true north ; tendency in organisms 
produced by the same parents to 
vary slightly. 

varicella (var-i-sera), n. chicken- 
pox. 

varicocele ('i-ko-sel), n. a swelling 
of the veins of the scrotum or of the 
spermatic cord. 

varicose ('i-kos), adj. abnormally 
swollen or enlarged : said of veins. 

varied (va'rid), adj. altered; partial- 
ly changed ; various. 

variegate (va'ri-e-gat), v.t. to mark 
with different colors or tints ; di- 
versify. 

variegation (-ga'shun), n. diversity 
of colors. 

variety (-ri'e-ti), n. {pi. varieties 
(-tiz)], intermixture or succession 
of different things ; variation ; di- 
versity ; change ; subdivision or pe- 
culiar form of a species. 

variola (va-ri'o-li), n. smallpox. 

variorum (va-ri-6'rum), adj. noting 
an edition of a book with the notes 
of various commentators. 



various ('ri-us), adj. different; sev- 
eral. 

variz ('riks), n. dilatation of a vein, 

varlet (var'let), n. formerly a serv- 
ant, footman, or page; a scoundrel. 

varnish, ('nish), n. a viscid, resinous 
liquid used for giving a gloss to 
wood or metal work : v.t. to cover 
with varnish ; give a gloss to or 
over; palliate. 

varus (va'rus), n. a variety of club- 
foot. 

vary (va'ri), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. varied, 
p.pr. varying], to change; make of 
different kinds ; alter : v.i. to under- 
go a change ; alternate ; swerve ; dis- 
agree. 

vascular (vas'kti-ler), adj. consisting 
of, or containing, vessels as part of a 
structure of animal and vegetable 
organisms. 

vase (vas or vaz), n. a vessel for va- 
rious purposes, especially one of an- 
tique or ornamental pattern. 

vaseline (vas'e-lin), n. petroleum 
jelly. 

vassal ('al), n. a feudal tenant; 
bondman : adj. servile. 

vassalage (-aj), n. the state of being 
a vassal ; political servitude ; vassals 
collectively ; territory held in vassal- 
age. Also vassalry. 

vast (vast), adj. of great extent; 
great in number or degree ; very spa- 
cious ; immense : n. boundless space ; 
empty waste ; sea. 

vat (vat), n. a large tub or vessel, es- 
pecially one used for brewing or 
leather making. 

Vatican ('i-kan), n. the palace of 
the Pope at Rome; the papal au- 
thority. 

Vaticanism (-izm), n. ultramontan- 
ism. 

vaudeville (vod'vil), n. a light, gay, 
or topical song ; a short drama with 
comic songs. 

vault (vawlt), n. an arched roof; cel- 
lar ; prison ; cavern ; tomb of ma- 
sonry ; sky ; leap : v.t. to shape as a 
vault ; arch : v.i. to leap, spring, or 
bound ; exhibit feats of leaping. 

vaulted ('ed), adj. arched; concave. 

vaunt (vant or vawnt), v.i. to boast: 
v.t. to brag of; display boastfully S 
n. a boast ; vain display. 



ate, firm, Ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



#ait 



842 



Taunting: ('ing), n. vainglorious 

boasting. 

vauntlay ('la), n. hounds suddenly 
turned off to precede the rest of the 
kennel. 

Veadar (ve'a-dar), n. the 13th or in- 
tercalary month of the Jewish cal- 
endar. 

veal (vel), n. calf's flesh. 

vector (vek'ter), n. a directive quan- 
tity, as a straight line, force, or 
velocity. 

Veda (va'da), n. [pi. vedas ('daz)], 
one of the four oldest sacred books 
or collection of hymns of the Hin- 
dus, of great antiquity, the basis of 
Brahmanism. 

Vedanta (-dan'ta), n. a Hindu sys- 
tem of philosophy based on the Ve- 
das. 

vedette (ve-def), n. a mounted senti- 
nel. Also vidette. 

veer (ver), v.i. to change direction, as 
the wind ; wear : v.t. to turn ; direct 
to a different course. 

vegetable (vej'e-ta-bl), adj. pertain- 
ing to, having the nature of, pro- 
duced by, or consisting of, plants : 
n. a plant deriving its nourishment 
from the earth by means of roots ; 
a plant or root cultivated for the 
table, &c. 

vegetarian (-ta'ri-an), n. one who 
abstains from a meat diet and lives 
on fruit, vegetables, or farinaceous 
food : adj. pertaining to vegetarians 
or vegetarianism. 

vegetarianism (-izm), n. the theory 
and practice of living as a vegeta- 
rian. 

vegetate ('e-tat), v.i. to grow as a 
plant ; live a useless, indolent life. 

vegetation (-ta'shun), n, plants or 
vegetables collectively. 

vegetative ('e-ta-tiv), adj. growing 
or having the power of growing, as 
plants. 

vehemence (ve'he-mens), n. impetu- 
osity ; violent ardor ; animated fer- 
vor. Also vehemency. 

vehement ('he-ment), adj. very vio- 
lent or forcible ; passionate ; ardent ; 
energetic. 

vehicle (ve'hi-kl), n. any kind of 
carriage or conveyance; a medium. 



vehicular (-hik'u-lAr), adj. pertain- 
ing to^ or serving as, a vehicle. 

veil (val), n. a covering more or less 
transparent for the face ; curtaic or 
covering for concealment : v.t. to 
cover with, or as with, a veil ; hide ; 
conceal. 

vein (van), n. one of the vessels 
which convey blood from the arteries 
to the heart ; branching rib of a 
leaf; seam of rock filled with me- 
tallic or mineral matter ; train of 
thought ; particular disposition, 
genius, or style : v.t. to fill or cover 
with, or as with, veins. 

veinous ('us), adj. full of or pro- 
vided with veins. 

velarium (ve-la'ri-um), n. the great 
awning stretched over open theaters 
in ancient Rome. Also velum. 

veldt (velt), n. open country [South 
Africa]. Also veld. 

vellum (vel'um), n. fine parchment. 

velocipede (ve-los'i-ped), n. a light 
carriage propelled by the feet : the 
original form of the bicycle. 

velocity ('i-ti), n. [pi. velocities 
(-tiz)], speed; rate of movement of 
a body. 

veloute (ve-loo'ta), n, a rich white 
sauce. 

velutinons (-Iti'ti-nus), adj. velvety; 
soft. 

velvet (vel'vet), n. a silk fabric with 
short, close, soft nap ; fine down on 
the horns of young deer. 

velveteen (-en'), n. imitation velvet. 

venal (ve'nal), adj. that may be 
bought, or bribed ; mercenary ; of or 
pertaining to the veins. 

venality (-nal'i-ti), n. prostitution of 
talents or services for money or re- 
ward. 

venation (ve-na'shun), n. the ar- 
rangement of veins in a leaf, or in- 
sect's wing. 

vend (vend), v.t. to sell; offer for 
sale. 

vendace (ven'das), n. a small sal- 
monoid fish. 

vendee (-de'), n. the buyer. 

vendetta (ven-det'a), n. a kind of 
blood-feud. 

vendible (ven'di-bl), adj. salable. 

vendor ('der), n. the seller. Also 
vender. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
bopk; hue, hut; think, theu» 



▼en 



843 



ve» 



veneer (ve-ner'), v.t. to overlay with 
a thin slice of ornamental or more 
valuable wood : hence give a gloss 
to : w. a thin strip of superior wood 
for overlaying; outside show; pre- 
tense. 

venerable (ven'er-a-bl), adj. worthy 
of being venerated or reverenced ; 
rendered sacred by religious or lofty 
associations ; title of an archdeacon. 

venerate ('er-at), v.t. to esteem as 
sacred; regard with the highest re- 
spect; revere. 

veneration (-a'shun), n. the highest 
degree of respect and reverence; re- 
spect associated with awe. 

venereal (ve-ne're-al), adj. pertain- 
ing to, or arising from, sexual inter- 
ocurse ; aphrodisiac. 

venery (ven'er-i), n, sexual iflter- 
course; hunting. 

venesection (ve-ne-sek'shun), n. the 
operation of opening a vein ; phle- 
botomy. 

Venetian (-ne'shan), adj. pertaining 
to Venice or its inhabitants. 

Venetian-blind (-blind), n. a win- 
dow-blind formed of long thin slats 
of wood. 

venetian-door (-dor) , n. a door with 
long narrow side-lights. 

vengeance (venj'ans), n. the inflic- 
tion of pain on another for an in- 
jury received. 

vengeful ('fool), adj, vindictive; re- 
tributive. 

vengefuUy (-1), adv, in a vengeful 
spirit. 

venial (ve'ni-al), adj. pardonable. 

venially (-i), adv. pardonably. 

venison (ven'zn), n. deer's flesh. 

venom ('um), n. poison introduced 
into the system by a bite or sting; 
spite. 

venomous (-us), adj. full of venom; 
poisonous ; malignant ; spiteful. 

venous (ve'nus), adj. pertaining to, 
contained in, or consisting of, veins. 

vent (vent), n. a small opening for 
the escape of air, &c. ; chimney-flue ; 
outlet ; rectum ; utterance : v.t. to 
give an opening to. 

ventilate (ven'ti-lat), v.t. to open to 
the free passage of air ; expose to 
free discussion. 

ventilation (-la'shun), n. the act of 



ventilating; state of being venti- 
lated ; free discussion. 

ventilator ('ti-la-ter), n. a contriv- 
ance for regulating the free admis- 
sion of air. 

ventral (ven'tral), adj, pertaining to 
the belly. 

ventricle ('tri-kl), n, a small cavity 
in an animal body. 

ventriloquism (-triro-kwizm), n, 
the act or art of speaking as from 
another source than the voice. 

ventriloquist (-kwist), n» one who 
practices ventriloquism. 

venture ('tur), n. an undertaking of 
chance or danger ; risk ; speculation : 
v.t. to risk ; send on a venture : v.u 
to dare. 

venturesome (-tur'sum), adj. in- 
trepid; rash. Also venturous. 

venturesomeness (-nes), w. intre- 
pidity ; rashness. 

venturine (vent'tir-in), n. a powder 
made of fine gold wire: used for 
japanning. 

venue (ven'ti), n. the place where an 
action in law is laid. 

veracious (ve-ra'shus), adj. truth* 
ful ; true. 

veracity (-ras'i-ti), n. truthfulness; 
truth. 

veranda (-ran'da), n. a kind of cov- 
ered balcony or open portico sup- 
ported by light pillars. Also veran- 
dah. 

verb (verb), n. that part of speech 
which signifies to be, to do, or to 
suffer. 

verbal ('al), adj. expressed in words; 
oral ; literal : n. a noun derived from 
a verb. 

verbalism (-izm), n. something ex- 
pressed verbally. 

verbally (-i), adv. orally; verbatim. 

verbatim (-ver-ba'tim), at^v. word for 
word. 

Verbena (-be'na), n. a genus of orna- 
mental fragrant plants. 

verbiage ('bi-aj), n. verbosity. 

verbose (-bos'), adj. wordy; prolix. 

verbosely ('li), adv. with verbosity. 

verbosity (-bos'i-ti), n. the use of 
more words than are necessary. Also 
verboseness. 

verdancy ('dan-si), n. greenness; in- 
experience. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; booo- 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



844 



ver 



verdant ('dant), adj. green; fresh; 
inexperienced ; gullible. 

▼erd- antique (verd-an-tek'), n. a 
green incrustation on ancient copper 
and brass coins ; a beautiful mottled 
marble. 

verderer (ver'der-er), n. an English 
official wh9 has charge of the royal 
forests. 

verdict ('dikt), n. the finding of a 
jury on a trial ;_ judgment ; decision. 

verdigris ('di-gres), w. the blue-green 
substance which forms on copper or 
brass : used as a pigment. 

verditer ('di-ter), n. a blue or green 
pigment. 

verdure ('dtir), n. freshness of vege- 
tation. 

verge (verj), n. a rod, mace, &c., car- 
ried as an emblem of authority ; 
shaft of a column ; spindle of a 
ivatch-balance ; border or limit : v.i. 
to approach or come near. 

verger ('er), n. a sword or mace 
bearer; an official who has care of 
the interior of an English cathedral. 

verifiable (ver'i-fi-a-bl), adj. capable 
of being verified. 

verification (-i-fi-ka'shun), n. the 
act of proving to be true ; confirma- 
tion ; state of being verified. 

verify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & 2).p. verified, 
p.pr. verifying], to prove to be true ; 
fulfil. 

verily ('i-Vi) , adv. in truth; certainly. 

verisimilitude (-i-si-mil'l-tud), n. 
the appearance of truth; Drobabil- 
ity. 

veritable ('i-ta-bl), adj. true; gen- 
uine. 

verity ('i-ti), n. [pi. verities (-tiz)], 
agreement with fact ; truth ; reality. 

verjuice (ver'joos), n. an acid liquor 
expressed from unripe grapes, ap- 
ples, &c. : hence sourness ; tartness. 

vermicelli (-mi-sel'i), n. the stiff 
paste or dough of fine flour made 
into tubes. 

vermicular (-mik'u-Iar), adj. worm- 
like. Also vermiform. 

vermifuge ('mi-fuj), n. a medicine 
or substance to expel or destroy 
worms from or in the body. Also 
vermicide. 

vermilion (-miryun), n. a brilliant 



red pigment : v.t. to color or dye 
with vermilion. 

vermin ('min), n. noxious small ani- 
mals or insects, as rats, fleas, &c. ; 
low, despicable persons. 

vermutb ('mooth), n. a liqueur of ab- 
sinthe, aromatic herbs, &c., for cre- 
ating an appetite. 

vernacular (-nak'u-ler), adj. per- 
taining to, or characteristic of, one's 
native country or language : n. na- 
tive idiom. 

vernal ('nal), adj. pertaining to, or 
appearing in, the spring. 

vernier ('ni-er), n. a graduated scale 
that sub-divides the smallest divi- 
sions on a straight or circular scale. 

versatile ('sa-til), adj. turning with 
ease from one thing, subject, or 
opinion to another ; many-sided ; va- 
riable. 

versatility (-til'i-ti), n. quality of 
being versatile. 

verse (vers), n. a measured line of 
poetry ; stanza ; poetry ; short di- 
vision of any composition, especially 
of the chapters of the Bible ; part of 
an anthem for performance by a 
single voice to each part. 

versed (verst), adj. skilled; convers- 
ant. 

versicle (ver'si-kl), n. a little verse; 
short verse or text sung by priest 
and people alternately. 

versification (ver-si-fi-ka'shun), n, 
the art or practice of composing 
metrical verses. 

versifier ('si-fi-er), n. a composer of 
verses. 

version ('shun), n. a translation 
from one language into another; 
particular account or description. 

verst (verst), n. the Russian mile = 
3,500 English feet. 

versus (ver'sus), prep, against (Lat- 
in). 

vertebra ('te-bra), n. [pi. vertebrae 
(-bre)], a single bone of the spinal 
column. 

vertebral ('te-bral), adj. pertaining 
to, or forming part of, the vertebrae. 

Vertebrata (-bra'ta), n.pl. one of 
the great divisions of the animal 
kingdom, including those animals 
which have a bony or cartilaginous 
backbone. 



&te, arm, Ssk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; bddn» 
book; hue, hut; think, ^^n. 



845 



ve& 



vertebrate ('te-brat), adj. belonging 
to the Vertebrata : n. one of the Ver- 
tebrata. 

vertex ('teks), n. [pi. vertices ('ti- 
sez)], the top, summit, or crown; 
apex ; zenith ; point in any figure, 
opposite to, and most distant from, 
the base. 

vertical ('ti-kal), adj. pertaining to, 
or situated at, the vertex ; directly 
overhead ; perpendicular to the plane 
of the horizon. 

vertically (-i), adv. perpendicularly. 

verticil ('ti-sil), n. a whorl. Also 
verticel. 

vertigo ('ti-go), n. giddiness. 

vertu ('too), n. artistic skill: hence 
works of art, curios, &c. (Italian). 

vervain ('van), n. a plant of the 
genus Verbena : formerly supposed 
to possess magical properties and 
used in medicine. 

verve (verv), n. the enthusiasm which 
animates a poet or artist ; spirit ; 
energy. 

very (ver'i), adj. [comp. verier, su- 
perl. veriest] , real ; actual ; true : 
adv. extremely. 

vesication (ves-i-ka'shun), n. the 
process of raising blisters on the 
skin. 

vesicatory ('i-ka-to-ri), adj. raising 
blisters. 

vesicle ('i-kl), n. a bladder-iike ves- 
sel or cavity ; cyst ; sac. 

vesicular (-ik'u-ler), adj. consisting 
of vesicles ; full of interstices. 

Vesper ('per), n. the evening star; 
Venus when appearing after sunset ; 
evening. 

vespers (ves'perz), n.pl. the 6th hour 
of the Roman Breviary; evening 
songs. 

vessel ('el), n. a utensil for holding 
something, especially liquids ; hollow 
structure made to float on water ; 
ship ; tube or canal in which the flu- 
ids of a body are contained; instru- 
ment ; recipient. 

vest (vest), n. waistcoat; body gar- 
ment, usually with short sleeves : 
v.t. to clothe with, or as with, a gar- 
ment ; invest closely ; give fixed right 
of possession. 

vesta (ves'ta), n. a wax match. 

vestal Ctai), adj. pertaining to, or 



sacred to, the Roman goddess Vesta ; 
chaste ; pure : n. a virgin ; nun. 

vestal virgins (ver'jinz), n.pl. the 6 
virgin priestesses who tended the sa- 
cred fire on the altar of the temple 
of Vesta, at Rome. 

vested (ves'ted), adj. clothed; fixed. 

vestibule ('ti-bul), n. porch or en- 
trance into a house ; small bony cav- 
ity of the ear. 

vestige ( 'tij ) , n. a mark left in pass- 
ing ; track ; remains of something 
pre-existent. 

vestment (vest'ment), n. a garment, 
especially a priestly garment ; dress. 

vestry (ves'tri), n. [pi. vestries 
( 'triz) ] , a room in a church where 
ecclesiastical vestments, &c., are kept 
and parochial meetings held ; meet- 
ing of parishioners for parish busi- 
ness. 

vestryman (-man), n. [pi. vestry- 
men (-men)], a member of a vestry 
elected by the parishioners. 

vesture ('tur), n. clothing; covering. 

vetch, (vech), n. a common name for 
leguminous plants used for green 
fodder, as tares. 

veteran (vet'er-an), adj. long exer- 
cised or experienced, especially in 
military life : n. one thus experienced. 

veteranize (-iz), v.i. to re-enlist. 

veterinarian (vet-er-i-na'ri-an), n. 
one who practices the art of healing 
diseases and injuries of domestic ani- 
mals. 

veterinary ('er-i-na-ri), adj. pertain- 
ing to the art of healing the diseases 
of domestic animals, as horses, &c. 

veto (ve'to), n. [pi. vetoes ('toz)], 
the right of stopping or preventing 
the enactment of a law ; authorita- 
tive prohibition : v.t. to reject by 
veto ; refuse assent to ; prohibit. 

vex (veks), v.t. to irritate by small 
annoyances or provocations ; harass ; 
tease; agitate. 

vexation (-a'shun), n. the act of vex- 
ing ; state of being vexed ; annoy- 
ance ; worry. 

vexatious ('shus), adj. causing vex- 
ation; annoying; troublesome; har- 
assing. 

vexed (vekst), adj. much debated oi 
contested, but not settled. 



ftte, arm, &sk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, but; think, then* 



rex 



846 



Tie 



Texing ('ing), p.adj. annoying; pro- 
voking. 

Tla (vi'a), adv. 6y way of [Latin], 

viaduct ('a-dukt), w. an arched struc- 
ture for conveying a railway, road, 
&c., over low ground. 

vial ('al), n. a small glass bottle or 
vessel : v.t. to put in a vial. Also 
phial. 

viands ('andz), n.pl. dressed meat; 
^food. 

viaticum (-at'i-kum), n. the Euchar- 
ist administered in the Roman Cath- 
olic Church to a person in danger of 
death. 

vibrant ('brant), adj. vibrating; res- 
onant. 

vibrate ('brat), v.i. to move back- 
wards and forwards ; oscillate ; 
shake ; quiver ; swing ; waver : v.t. 
^to cause to quiver. 

vibration (-bra'shun), n. the act of 
vibrating ; oscillation ; resonance. 

vibratory ( 'bra-to-ri ) , adj. consist- 
^ing in, or causing, vibrations.^ 

vicar (vik'er), n. a deputy; incum- 
bent of an appropriated benefice, 
who receives the small tithes. 

vicarage (-aj), n. the benefice, or 
residence, of a vicar. 

vicar-apostolic (ap-o-stol'ik), n. 
in the Roman Catholic Church a 
missionary bishop with powers di- 
rect from the Pope. 

vicar-general (-jen'er-al), n. the as- 
sistant of a bishop, who assists him 
in ecclesiastical suits and visitations. 

vicarious (vl-ka'ri-us), adj. substi- 
tuted, or performed, in the place of 
another. 

vice (vis), n. a fault, defect, or blem- 
ish ; immoral practice or habit ; de- 
pravity ; immorality ; a vise. 

vice, prefix meaning in place of, sec- 
ond in rank. 

vicegerent (-je'rent), n. one deputed 
by superior authority to exercise the 
functions of another. 

viceregal (-re'gal), adj. pertaining 
^to a viceroy. 

viceroy ('roi), n. a governor of a 
country ruling in the name and by 
the authority of the sovereign. 

Viceroyalty ('al-ti), w. the office, dig- 
nity, or jurisdiction of a viceroy. 



Vichy xrater (ve'shi waw'ter), n. a 
mineral effervescent water. 

vicinage (vis'i-naj), n. a neighbor- 
hood. 

vicinity (-vis-in'i-ti), n. nearness in 
place; proximity. 

vicious (vish'us), adj. characterized 
by vice or blemish ; faulty ; corrupt 
in moral principles or conduct; un- 
truly ; spiteful. 

vicissitude (vi-sis'i-tud), n. change. 

victim, (vik'tim), n. a living being, 
usually some animal, sacrificed to a 
deity ; some person or thing de- 
stroyed or injured in the pursuit of 
some object, or by some accident ; 
^dupe.^ 

victimize (-iz), v.t. to make a victim 
of ; swindle. 

victor ( 'ter ) , n. conqueror ; one who 
wins or gains an advantage : Fem- 
inine victoress. 

victoria (-to'ri-a), n. a kind of car- 
riage for two persons. 

victorine (-to-ren'), n. a small fur 
^tippet. 

victorium (-to'ri-um), n. a recently 
discovered element. 

victorious (-to-ri-us), adj. having 
conquered in battle or contest; em- 
^blematic of victory ; triumphant. 

victory ('to-ri), n. [pi, victories 
(-riz)], the defeat of an enemy in 
battle, or an antagonist in a contest. 

victual (vit'l), v.t. \_p.t. & p.p. vict- 
ualed, p.pr. victualing], to supply 
or store with provisions for food: 
n.pl. food ; meat. 

victualer ('1-er) , n. one who provides 
food ; the keeper of a house of enter- 
tainment. 

vicuna (vi-koon'ya), n. an animal of 
Mexico and Chili, allied to the llama, 
furnishing a fine, long, reddish wool. 

vide (vi'de), v.t. see [Latin]. 

videlicet (vi-del'i-set), adv. to wit; 
namely [Latin]. 

vidette, same as vedette. 

vie (vi), v.i. to strive for superiority; 
rival ; endeavor. 

Viennese (ve-en-ez'), adj. pertaining 
to Vienna or to its inhabitants. 

view (vu), v.t. to look upon; see; re- 
gard attentively; survey mentally; 
examine intellectually ; consider : n, 
the act of seeing ; prospect ; survey ; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, f^en. 



vlg 



847 



Tio 



purpose; mental or intellectual per- 
ception; sketch or picture; judg- 
ment; opinion. 

Tigil (vij'il), n. a watching; devotion 
in the usual hours of sleeping; eve 
preceding a feast of the Church. 

vig^ilance ('i-lans), n. watchfulness; 
caution. 

vigilant ('i-lant), adj. attentive to 
discover and avoid danger ; alert ; 
cautious. 

vignette (vin-yef), n. a small en- 
graving not enclosed by a definite 
border ; a portrait of the head and 
bust only. 

vigor ('er), n. physical or mental 
strength and energy ; force. 

vigorous ('er-us), adj. full of physi- 
cal or mental strength and energy ; 
robust; forcible. 

vihara (vi-ha'ra), n. a Buddhist tem- 
ple or monastery. 

viking (vi'king), n. one of the old 
Scandinavian pirates, who (8th to 
10th centuries) ravaged the coasts 
of Europe. 

vile (vil), adj. worthless; despicable; 
morally base or impure; wicked. 

vilely ('li), adv. in a vile manner. 

vileness ('nes), n. baseness. 

vilifier (vil'i-fi-er), n. a defamer. 

vilify ('i-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. vilified, 
p.pr. vilifying], to defame; debase 
by slander. 

villa ( 'a ) , n. a country seat ; subur- 
ban residence. 

village ('aj), n. a small assemblage 
of houses, less than a town but larg- 
er than a hamlet. 

villager (-er), n. an inhabitant of a 
village. 

villain ('in or 'an), n. originally a 
serf or feudal tenant of the lowest 
class ; scoundrel. 

villainous (-us), adj. characterized 
^by extreme depravity ; vile ; mean. 

villainy (-i), n. extreme depravity; 
^atrocious wickedness. 

villanage (-aj), n. the state or con- 
dition of a serf. Also villeinage. 

villein, same as villain. 

villi ('i), n.pl. long, straight, soft 
hairs on plants ; velvet-like hairs set 
closely together. 

villous ('us), adj. covered with long, 
thin, soft hairs ; downy ; shaggy. 



vinaceous (vi-na'shus), adj. pertain^ 
ing to, or like, grapes or wine ; wine- 
colored. 

vinaigrette (vin-a-gref), n. a small 
perforated box of gold, &c., for hold- 
ing aromatic vinegar or smelling- 
salts. 

vincible (vin'si-bl), adj. capable of 
^ being conquered or overcome. 

vinculum (ving'kti-lum), n. a bond 
of union; tie; horizontal bar placed 
over several algebraical quantities 
to indicate they are to be treated as 
one. 

vindicate (vin'di-kat), v.t. to prove 
to be valid ; defend successfully ; as- 
sert a right to ; justify. 

vindication (-ka'shun), n. justifica- 
tion against denial, censure, or op- 
^pression ; defense ; support by proof. 

vindicator ('di-ka-ter), n. one who 
vindicates. 

vindicatory (-to-ri), adj. serving to 
^vindicate, justify, or punish. 

vindictive (-dik'tiv), adj. given to, 
or prompted by, revenge. 

vindictively (-li), adv. in a vindic- 
tive manner. 

vine (vln), n. any woody, climbing 
plant of the genus Vitis, especially 
the common grape. 

vinegar (vin'e-ger), n. an acid ob- 
tained by fermentation from wine, 
beer, &c. : hence anything sour, actu- 
ally or metaphorically. 

vinery (vin'er-i), n. a place where 
grapes are cultivated artificially. 

vineyard (vin'yard), n. a plantation 
of vines producing grapes. 

vinic (vl'nik), adj. pertaining to wine. 

vin- ordinaire (vang-or-de-nar'), n. 
a kind of claret: the common wine 
of France. 

vinous (vi'nus), adj. pertaining to, 
having the qualities of, or like, wine, 

vintaj?e (vin'taj), n. the yearly crop 
or produce of the grape; wine pro- 
duced in one season. 

vintner (vint'ner), n. wine merchant. 

viol (vi'ol), n. a four-stringed musical 
instrument played with a bow. 

viola (ve-o'la), n. the tenor violin. 

violable (vi'o-la-bl), adj. capable of 
being violated or broken. 

violate ('o-lat), v.t. to transgress; 
break forcibly; injure; ravish; out- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, *7ien. 



Ho 



848 



▼is 



rage; desecrate; treat with irrever- 
ence; disturb. 

▼iolation. (-la'shun), n. the act of 
violating, infringing, or injuring ; 
rape ; outrage ; act of irreverence or 
profanation. 

violator ('o-la-ter), n. one who vio- 
lates. 

violence ('o-lens), n. physical or 

. moral force ; vehemence ; unjust 

strength or power applied to any 

purpose ; assault ; outrage ; crime ; 

rape ; eagerness ; infringement. 

violent ('o-lent), od;. urged or driven 
by force ; vehement ; impetuous ; 
forcible ; furious ; severe. 

violet ('o-let), n. a plant of the genus 
Viola ; a color like that of the violet. 

violin (-o-lin') , n. a four-stringed mu- 
sical instrument, played with a bow. 

violinist ('ist), n. a performer on the 
violin. 

violoncellist (ve-o-lon-chel'ist) , n. a 
performer on the violoncello. 

violoncello (-chel'o), *t. a large four- 
stringed instrument of the viol class. 

violone (ve-o-lo'na), n. a double-bass 
viol [Music]. 

viper (vi'per), n. a venomous serpent 
of various species ; a crafty, malig- 
nant person. 

viperous (-us), adj. viper-like; ma- 
lignant. 

virago (vi-ra'go), n. a bold, turbulent 
woman. 

virgin (ver'jin), n. a woman who has 
preserved her chastity ; maiden : the 
Virgin Mary (with the) : adj. per- 
taining to, or becoming, a virgin ; 
chaste; modest; pure; new; un- 
mixed. 

virginal (-al), adj. maidenly ; chaste : 
w. a 16th century musical instru- 
ment. 

virginity ('i-ti), n. the state of a 
virgin ; maidenhood ; virgin purity. 

virile (vir'il), adj. pertaining to, or 
characteristic of, mature manhood ; 
masculine; manly; procreative. 

virility (-il'i-ti), n. manhood; power 
of procreation. 

virtu, same as vertu. 

virtual ( ver'tti-al ) , adj. in essence or 
effect, though not in fact ; having the 
eflScacy without the material or sen- 
sible part. 



virtually (-li), adv. practically. 

virtue ('tu), n. rectitude; strength; 
efficacy ; valor ; chastity ; legal force. 

virtuoso (-tu.-6'so), n. [pi. virtuosi 
('se)], one skilled in the fine arts, 
antiquities, &c. ; a skilled performer 
on a musical instrument. 

virtuous Ctii-us), adj. possessing, or 
exhibiting, virtue ; moral ; chaste. 

virulence (vir'ti-lens), n. the state or 
quality of being virulent ; extreme 
bitterness. 

virulent ('ti-lent), adj. very poison- 
ous or venomous ; actively injurious 
to life or health ; bitter in enmity ; 
malignant. 

virus (vi'rus), n. organic, contagious, 
or poisonous matter, by which dis- 
ease or poison is introduced into the 
system ; something that acts as a 
moral poison. 

vis (vis), n. power; force. 

vis inertia (in-er'shi-e), n. the re- 
sistance in a body either to change 
its state of rest or state of motion, 

visage (viz'aj), n. the countenance. 

vis-a-vis (ve-za-ve'), n. one who is 
face to face with another : adv. face 
to face. 

viscera (vis'er-a.) , n.pl. the intestines. 

visceral ('er-al), adj. pertaining to 
the viscera. 

viscid ('id), adj. sticky; glutinous. 

viscidity ('i-ti), n. stickiness; glu- 
tinousness. Also viscosity. 

viscount (vi'kount), n. a nobleman 
next in rank below an earl. Fenf 
inine viscountess. 

viscous (vis'kus), adj. adhesive or 
glutinous. 

viscus ('kus), n. an entrail. 

vise (vis), n. a two-jawed instrument 
for holding work. 

visibility (viz-i-bil'i-ti), n. percepti- 
bility. Also visibleness. 

visible ('i-bl), adj. perceptible by the 
eye, in view ; obvious ; apparent. 

Visigotbic (-i-goth'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to the Visigoths, a branch of the 
Goths that settled in Southern 
France and Spain. 

vision (vizh'un), n. the act or sense 
of seeing ; sight ; object of sight ; di- 
vine revelation ; apparition ; creation 
of the imagination. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl 



me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue,, hut ; think, then. 



Ms » 

Tisienal (-al), otf;. pertaining to 
vision. 

visionary (-H-ri), adj. existing only 
in the imagination ; unreal : n. an 
unpractical schemer. 

Tisit (viz'it), n. the act of calling to 
see another : brief stay of friendship, 
courtesy, or business ; oflScial inspec- 
tion: v.t. to call upon; inspect oflS- 
cially ; overtake or chastise : v.i. to 
be in the habit of making calls; 
maintain social intercourse. 

visitant ('i-tant), w. a visitor. 

visitation (-i-ta'shun), n. the act of 
visiting ; official visit ; infliction of 
good or evil ; retributive aflSiction. 

visite (ve-zef), n. a light lace or silk 
cape for summer wear. 

visitor (vis'i-ter), n. one who visits; 
official inspector. 

visor, see vizor. 

vista (vis'ta), n. [pi. vistas ('taz)'], 
n. a view, especially through an 
avenue; the trees forming such an 
avenue. 

visual (vizh'u-al), adj. pertaining to, 
or used in, sight. 

visualize (-iz), v.t. to make visible; 
see in fancy. 

vital (vi'tal), adj. pertaining to, sup- 
porting, or necessary to, life; mor- 
tal ; essential. 

vitalism (-izm), n. the theory which 
refers vital phenomena to a vital, as 
distant from a merely physical, force. 

vitality ('i-ti), n. vital force. 

vitalize ('tal-iz), v.t. to endow with 
life; animate. 

vitally (-i), adv. essentially. 

vitals Ctalz), n.pl. the organs of the 
body essential to life, as the heart, 
lungs, &c. 

vitascope (vi'ta-skop), n. an appa- 
ratus for projecting kinetographic 
pictures in life size upon a canvas. 

vitellin (-tel'in), n. the albumenoidal 
substance in the yolk of eggs. 

vitellus ('us), n. the yolk of an egg. 

vitiate (vish'i-at), v.t. to render 
faulty or defective ; taint ; deprave ; 
annul. 

viticulture (vit'i-kul-tur), n. vine 

-^ culture. 

vitree, a^ prefix meaning pertaining 
tOt or like glass^ as ui^reo-electric. 



a viv 

exhibiting positive or vitreous elec- 
tricity. 

vitreous (vit're-us), adj. consisting 
of, like, or obtained from, glass. 

vitrescence (vi-tres'ens),». the qual- 
ity of being vitrescent. 

vitrescent Cent), adj. capable of be- 
ing turned into or becoming like 
glass. 

vitric (vit'rik), adj. glass-like. 

vitrif action (-ri-fak'shun), n. the 
art or process of vitrifying. 

vitrified ('ri-fid), adj. converted into 
glass. 

vitrif orm (-f6rm), n. having the 
form or appearance of glass. 

vitrify ('ri-fi), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. vitri- 
fied, p.pr. vitrifying], to convert by 
heat and fusion into glass : v.i. to be 
converted into glass. 

vitriol ('ri-ol), n. the popular name 
for sulphuric acid. 

vituperate (vi-tu'per-at), v.t, to cen- 
sure abusively. 

vituperation (-a'shun), n. abusive 
censure. 

vituperation ('per-a-tiv), adj. char- 
acterized by, or containing, abuse. 

viva (ve'va), inter j. hurrah! [Ital- 
ian]. 

vivacious (vi-va'shus), adj. lively; 
gay. 

vivacity (-vas'i-ti), n. liveliness; ani- 
mation. 

vivarium (vi-va'ri-um), n. a place 
for the artificial keeping of animals 
in their natural state. 

viva voce ('va vo'se), orally [Latin], 

vive (vev), inter j. long life <^r suc- 
cess to [French]. 

vivid (viv'id), adj. life-like; realis- 
tic; forming brilliant images. 

vivify (viv'i-fi), v.t. {p.t. & p.p, vivi- 
fied, p.pr. vivifying], to endure with 
life; quicken. 

viviparous (vi-vip'a-rus), adj. pro- 
ducing young alive. 

vivisect (viv-i-sekt'), v.t, to dissect 
the living body of. 

vivisection (-sek'shun), n. the dis- 
section of a living animal for scien- 
tific study. 

vivisectionist (-sek'shun-ist) , w. one 
who practices or upholds vivisection. 
Also vivisector. 



ate, arm, ask, dt, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, not ; b5on, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



TlZ 



850 



vol 



vixen (viks'n), n. a female fox; 
quarrelsome, ill-tempered woman. 

viz. (viz), adv. namely. 

vizier (vi-zer'), n. a high officer or 
councilor of state in Mohammedan 
countries. 

vizor (vi'zer), n. the upper movable 
part of a helmet ; the fore-piece of a 
cap. 

vocable (vo'ka-bl), n. a word; term. 

vocabulary (-kab'u-la-ri), n. [pi. vo- 
cabularies (-riz)], a collection of 
words of a language, science, &c., 
arranged alphabetically and ex- 
plained ; words used. 

vocal (vo'kal), adj. pertaining to, full 
of, or endowed with, voice or speech ; 
oral ; having a vowel character ; pro- 
duced in the larynx. 

vocalist (-ist), n. a singer. 

vocalize (-iz) , v.t. to form into voice ; 
utter distinctly. 

vocally ('kal-i), adv. with the voice. 

vocation (-ka'shun), n. calling; oc- 
cupation. 

vocative (vok'a-tiv), adj. noting the 
case of a noun, adjective, or pro- 
noun in which a person or thing is 
addressed : n. the vocative case. 

vociferate (vo-sif'er-at), vA. to 
clamor ; bawl : v.t. to utter with a 
loud voice. 

vociferation (-a'shun), n. violent 
outcry. 

vociferous ('er-us), adj. clamorous; 
noisy. 

vodka (vod'ka), n. a Russian intoxi- 
cant distilled from rye. 

voe (vo),_w. a fiord; creek. 

vogue (vog), n. fashion. 

voice (vols), n. sound uttered by the 
mouth, especially by a human being ; 
utterance or mode of utterance : fac- 
ulty of speech ; language ; expressed 
opinions ; vote or suffrage : v.t. to 
give utterance or expression to. 

void (void), adj. empty; Avanting: 
v.t. to nullify ; declare vacant ; quit ; 
to emit or send out : n. a vacuum. 

volant (vo'lant), adj. flying; nimble. 

Volapuk (-la-puk'), n. sl system of 
universal language for commercial 
intercourse. 

volatile ('a-til), adj. easily passing 
into the aeriform state; diffusing 
freely ; lively ; sprightly ; fickle. 



volatilize ('a-til-iz), v.t, to render 
volatile; evaporate. 

volatility ('i-ti), n. the state or 
quality of being volatile. 

volcanic (-kan'ik), adj. pertaining 
to, proceeding from, or produced by, 
a volcano. 

volcanize ('kan-iz), v.t. to subject to 
volcanic action. 

volcano (-ka'no), n. [pi. volcanoes 
('noz)], a conical hill or mountain 
from which the products of volcanic 
action are ejected with great heat in 
the form of lava, &c. 

volition (vo-lish'un), n. the act or 
power of willing or exerting choice. 

volitive (vol'i-tiv), adj. pertaining 
to, or having the power of, will. 

volley ('i), n. [pi. volleys ('iz)], the 
simultaneous discharge of a number 
of small-arms ; explosive burst ; re- 
turn of a ball at tennis before it 
reaches the ground; bowling a ball 
full to the top of the wicket : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. volleyed, p.pr. volleying], 
to discharge with, or as with, a vol- 
ley : v.i, to be thrown out at once. 

volplane (vol'plan), v.i. to descend 
in an aeroplane from a great height 
without motor power or with the 
motor shut off. 

volt (volt), n. the circular tread of a 
horse ; sudden leap to avoid a thrust 
in fencing ; standard unit of electro- 
motive force. 

voltaic (vol-ta'ik), adj. pertaining to 
electricity generated by chemical ac- 
tion or galvanism. 

voltameter (-tam'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for measuring the work of 
a voltaic current. 

volubility (-u-bil'i-ti), n. excessive 
fluency of speech. 

voluble ('u-bl), adj. fluent in speech, i 

volume ('tim), n. a single book;' 
space occupied, measured in cubic 
units ; mass or bulk ; quantity or 
fullness of voice or tone. 

volumetric ( -u-met'rik ) , adj. meas- 
ured by volume. 

voluminous ('mi-nus), adj. exten- 
sive ; copious ; consisting of, or hav- 
ing produced, many books. 

voluntarily ('un-ta-ri-li), adv, spon- 
taneously. 



ate, arm, ask, ac, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book ; hiie, hut ; think, then. 



▼•1 



851 



T«l 



Tolnntariness (-ri-nes), «. spon- 
taneousness. 

Toluntary ('un-ta-ri), adj. acting 
from choice or free will ; spontane- 
ous; designed; gratuitous: n. an 
organ solo played before, during, or 
after, a church service. 

Tolnnteer (-un-ter'), n. one who en- 
ters into ^ny service of his own free 
will, especially military service; a 
foreigner who gives his services in 
exchange for board and residence : 
v.i, to offer one's services volunta- 
rily, especially for military service : 
v.t, to offer or bestow without con- 
straint or compulsion. 

voluptuary (v6'lup-tu-a-ri), n. one 
given to sensual enjoyments or lux- 
ury : adj. devoted to luxury or 
pleasure. 

voluptuous ('tu-us), adj. given to 
the enjoyment of sensual pleasures 
or luxury ; sensual ; exciting sensual 
desires. 

volute (vo-ltit'), n. a spiral scroll 
forming the chief feature of the 
Ionic capital. 

voluted ('ed), adj. having a spiral 
scroll. 

vomer (vo'mer), n. the thin, slender 
bone forming the partition between 
the nostrils. 

vosnica (vom'i-ka), n. an abscess in 
the lungs. 

vomit ('it), v.i. to eject the contents 
of the stomach by the mouth : v.t. 
to throw up from the stomach ; dis- 
charge with violence: n. matter 
ejected by the stomach ; an emetic. 

vomiting (-ing), n. the act of eject- 
ing matter from the stomach. 

vomito (vo-me'to), n. yellow fever in 
its most acuteform [Spanish]. 

voodoo (voo-doo'), n. a system of 
magic and superstitious rites, said 
to be accompanied with cannibal- 
ism and human sacrifies, prevalent 
among certain negro races. ^ 

voracious ( vo-rS.'shus ) , adj. greedy 
in eating ; ravenous ; rapacious. 

voracity (-ras'i-ti), n. the quality of 
being voracious. 

voraut (vo'rant), adj. devouring or 
swallowing. 

vortex (vSr'teks), n. [pi. vortices 
Cti-sez)], the hollow and circular 



form assumed by a liquid when set 
in rotation; whirlpool. 

votary (vo'ta-ri), n. [pi. votaries 
(-riz)], one addicted to some par- 
ticular pursuit or condition of life; 
one consecrated by a vow. 

vote (vot), n. an expression of choice 
or preference for some particular 
candidate for an office, &c., by ballot 
or other method of suffrage ; decision 
by the majority: v.t. to choose by 
suffrage; characterize: v.i. to give 
a vote, 

voter ('er), n. an elector. 

voting ('ing), n. expression of opin- 
ion or preference by suffrage. 

votive ('iv), adj. given, consecrated, 
or promised by vow. 

vouch (vouch), v.t. to attest; guar- 
antee. 

voucher ('er), n. one who gives at- 
testation or witness ; a document 
guaranteeing the accuracy of ac- 
counts. 

vouchsafe (-saf), v.t. to condescend 
to grant; concede. 

voussoir (voo-swar'), n. one of the 
wedge-like stones forming the arch 
of a bridge. 

vow (vou), n. a solemn promise or 
pledge to fulfil some engagement 
hereafter, especially one made to 
God ; pledge of fidelity or affection : 
v.t. to promise solemnly ; consecrate 
to God : v.i. to make a solemn prom- 
ise. 

vowel ('el), n. a simple vocal sound; 
a letter representing such a sound : 
adj. vocal. 

voyage (voi'aj), n. a journey by 
water from one country or place to 
another : v.i. to make a voyage : v.t. 
to travel or pass over. 

voyager (-er), n. a traveler by water. 

voyageur (vwa-ya-zher'), n. a Cana- 
dian boatman. 

vraisemblance (vra-sang-blangs'), n. 
an appearance of truth. 

vulcanite (vul'kan-it), n. vulcanized 
india-rubber. 

vulcanize (-iz), v.t. to change the 
properties of (india-rubber) by com- 
bination with sulphur, white lead, 
and other substances, rendering it 
hard and non-elastic. 

vulgar Cger), adj. pertaining to. 



ate, arm, 



at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



vol 



852 



vyi 



characteristic of, or used by, the 
multitude or common people ; com- 
mon ; general ; vernacular ; plebeian ; 
unrefined ; coarse ; mean : n. the un- 
educated or unrefined class. 

TTilgar fractions (frak'sbunz), n.pl. 
common fractions : expressed by 
placing the numerator above the de- 
nominator, with a horizontal or ob- 
lique line between. 

vulgarian (-ga'ri-an), n. a rich per- 
son with vulgar ideas. 

vulgarism ('ger-izm), n, a vulgar 
phrase or expression. 

vulgarity (-gar'i-ti), n. coarseness 
of manners or language. 

Vulgate ('gat), n. an ancient Latin 
version of the Scriptures in use in 
the Roman Catholic Church, made 
originally by St. Jerome : adj. per- 



taining to, or contained in, the Vul- 
gate. 

vulnerability (vul-ner-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
the quality of being vulnerable. Also 
vulnerableness. 

vulnerable ('ner-a-bl), adj. capable 
of being wounded; susceptible of 
wounds or injury. 

vulpine ('pin), adj. pertaining to, 
like, or characteristic of, a fox ; cun- 
ning. 

vulpinite ('pin-it), n. a variety of 
gypsum susceptible of a fine polish. 

vulture ( 'tur ) , w. a large, carnivo- 
rous, voracious bird of prey. 

vulturine (-in), adj. vulture-like. 

vulvif orm ( 'vi-f orm ) , adj. like a cleft 
with projecting edges. 

vying (vi'ing), p.adj. competing; em- 
luating. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hiie, hut ; think, /7ien. 




xtralbhle, same as wobble. 

wacke (wak'e), n. a German miner's 
name for a soft earthy variety of 
trap-rock. 

wad (wod), n. a mass of soft or flex- 
ible material used for stuffing gar- 
ments ; small mass of tow, &c., used 
for keeping the powder, &c., in place 
in a gun ; a kind of plumbago : v.t. 
[p.t. & p.p. wadded, p,pr. wadding], 
to form intO: or stuff with, a wad. 

waddie ('i ),'»*. a thick club used by 
the Australian aborigines. Also 
waddy. 

wadding ('ing), n. a soft stuff of 
loose texture used for stuffing gar- 
ments, etc. 

waddle ('1 ) , v.i. to move from side to 
side in walking: n. a clumsy, rock- 
ing gait. 

waddler ('ler), n. one who waddles. 

wade (wad), v.i. to walk through any 
substance that yields to the feet, as 
water, snow,, etc. : v.t. to ford. 

■wady ('i), n. the channel of a water- 
course which is dry except in the 
rainy season. Also wadi. 

wafer (wa'fer), n. a small colored 
paste disk for securing letters, etc. ; 
small disk of unleavened bread used 
in the Eucharist in the Roman 
Catholic Church. 

waffle (wof'l), n. a soft indented 
cake, baked in an iron utensil over 
a flame or coals. 

waft (waft), v.t. to bear along on a 
buoyant medium '. v.i, to float. 

(wag), v.i. [p.t, & p.p, wagged, 
p.pr. wagging], to move backwards 
and forwards : v.t. to cause to oscil- 
late : n. the act of wagging ; a droll, 
humorous fellow. 



wage (waj), v.t. to engage in, oB 
carry on, especially war ; venture : 
n. payment for service rendered ; hire 
(usually pi.). 

wagen-boom (va'gen-boom), n. a 
South African tree yielding a tough 
wood, used for wagon wheels. Also 
wagon-tree. 

wager (waj'er), n. a subject on whicK 
bets are laid ; something staked on 
an issue : v.t. to hazard to stake : 
v.i. to bet. 

waggery (wag'er-i), n. mischievous 
merriment; tricks of a wag; good- 
humored sarcasm. 

waggish ('ish),a<?/. humorous, sport- 
ive. 

waggle ('1), v.i. & v.t. to move from 
side to side : n. a movement from 
side to side. 

wagon ('un),n. a four-wheeled heavy 
vehicle for carrying goods, agricul- 
tural produce, &c. 

wagoner (-er), n, the driver of a 
wagon. 

wagonette (-ef), n. a light, open, 
four-wheeled pleasure carriage. 

wagtail Ctal), n. a small bird. 

waif (waf), n. anything found with- 
out an owner ; a homeless wanderer. 

wail (wal), v.t. to lament: v.i. to ex- 
press sorrow audibly : n. loud lamen- 
tation. Also wailing. 

wain (wan), n. a wagon. 

wainscot ('skut), n. paneled wooden 
lining on walls: v.t. to line with 
paneled boarding. 

wainscoting (-ing), n. material used 
to wainscot a house, 

wainwright ('rit), n. a maker of 
wagons. 

waist (wast), n. the narrowest part 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



wai 



854 



wan 



of the body just below the ribs ; mid- 
dle part. 

waistcoat (wast'kot or wes'kut [col- 
loquial] ),n.a short, sleeveless men's 
garment covering the chest and 
waist. 

wait (wat), v.i. to stay in expecta- 
tion ; lie in ambush ; watch ; remain 
quiet ; follow someone ; attend ; v.t. 
to await ; postpone. 

waiter ('er), n. a servant in attend- 
ance at table ; salver or tray. Fem- 
inine waitress. 

waiting ('ing), adj. serving; attend- 
ant. 

waits (watz), n.pl. nocturnal musi- 
cians who perform in the streets of 
English town at Christmastide. 

waive (wav), v.t. to give up a claim 
to ; forego. 

wake (wak), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. waked 
or woke, p.pr. waking], to be awake ; 
be roused from sleep ; cease to sleep ; 
be active : v.t. to rouse from sleep ; 
revive ; watch : n. a vigil ; watching 
of a dead body prior to burial ; track. 

wakeful ('fool), adj. watchful. 

waken, same as wake. 

wale (wal), n. a mark left by the 
stroke of a whip, &c. : v.t. to mark 
with a wale. 

walk (wawk), v.i. to advance by al- 
ternate steps ; go at a moderate 
pace ; take exercise ; go restlessly 
about ; pursue a certain course of 
life or action : v.t. to traverse ; cause 
to walk : n. act or manner of walk- 
ing ; step or pace ; road ; place for 
pedestrian exercise ; course of life 
or action ; deportment ; frequented 
track. 

walkist ('ist), n. a professional pe- 
destrian. 

wall (wawl), n. a structure of stone, 
brick, &c. ; side of a building ; ram- 
part ; means of protection : v.t. to 
enclose with or as with, a wall ; de- 
fend or protect. 

wallaba ('a-ba), n. a tree of Guiana, 
yielding a valuable deep-red timber. 

wallet (wol'et), n. a bag or knap- 
sack ; a pocketbook. 

wall-eye (wawl'i), n. an eye, the iris 
of which is white : said of horses. 

wallflower ('flou-er), n. a plant of 
the genus Cheiranthus with sweet- 



scented flowers; one who, at a ball 
or party, takes no part. 

wallop (wol'up), v.i. to boil with a 
continued bubbling : v.t. to beat 
soundly : n. a blow; gallop [Scotch]. 

wallow Co), v.i. to roll one's body in 
the mire ; tumble or roll in anything 
soft ; live in vic6 or filth : n. a kind 
of rolling walk ; a place to which an 
animal resorts to wallow. 

walnnt (wawl'nut), n. a tree of the 
genus Juglans, yielding an edible 
fruit and valuable wood. 

Walpnrgis Night (val-poor'gis nit), 
n. the eve of May Day, when witches 
are supposed to hold high revelry. 

■walrus (wol'rus), n. a large, carniv- 
orous, marine mammal with power- 
ful tusks. 

waltz (wawltz), n. a kind of dance; 
music for such a, dance : v.i. to dance 
a waltz. 

wampee (wom-pe'), n. a fruit much 
esteemed by the Chinese. 

wampum (wom'pum), w. beads made 
of shells, used by the North Ameri- 
can Indians as money and for orna- 
mental belts. 

wan (won), adj. pale; sickly. 

wand (wond), 71. a long, slender rod; 
staff of authority. 

wander (won'der), v.i. to ramble 
about aimlessly ; stroll ; depart from ; 
be delirious. 

wander 00 (-00'), n. a large bearded 
monkey of Southern India. 

wane (wan), v.i. to grow less; de- 
crease : said of the illuminated part 
of the moon ; fail : n. the decrease of 
the illuminated part of the moon. 

wangkee (wang-he'), n. sl bamboo 
imported from Japan and China, 
used for walking-sticks, &c. 

wanness (won'nes), n. wan condi- 
tion. 

want (wawnt), n. absence or scarcity 
of what is needed or desired ; defi- 
ciency ; necessity ; penury : v.t. to be 
destitute of ; have need of ; desire : 
v.i. to be deficient ; not to be pres- 
ent ; come short. 

wanting ('ing), adj. deficient; ab- 
sent. 

wanton (won'tun), adj. licentious; 
lustful ; unrestrained ; roving ; sport- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, f Tien. 



wap 



855 



was 



ive; luxurious; trifling: n. a lasciv- 
ious man or woman. 
Trapiti (wop'i-ti), n. the American 
elk. 

war (wawr), n. a contest between 
states carried on by force ; armed 
conflict ; state of hostility ; enmity : 
v.i, \_p.t. & p.p. warred, p.pr, war- 
ring], to make war; fight; strive 
violently. 

warble (wawr'bl), v.t. & v.i. to sing 
in a trilling or quavering manner ; 
sing, as birds ; utter musically : n. a 
soft, sweet flow of melodious sounds ; 
carol. 

warbler ('bier), w. one who warbles ; 
a singing-bird. 

warbling ('bling), adj. singing; qua- 
vering. 

ward (wawrd), v.t. to guard; defend 
from danger; turn aside (with off) : 
v.i. to be vigilant; act on the de- 
fensive : n. guard ; defense ; particu- 
lar division of a city or town ; cus- 
tody; person entrusted to the care 
of a guardian. 

warden ('en), n. a guardian; keep- 
er ; head oflBcial ; churchwarden. 

warder ( 'er ) , n. keeper ; guard. 

wardrobe ('rob), n. portable closet 
for clothes ; wearing apparel. 

wardroom ('room), n. a cabin for 
naval lieutenants. 

warehouse (war'hous), n. a building 
for storing goods : v.t. to deposit in 
a warehouse. 

wares (warz), n. merchandise ; goods. 

warfare (wawr'far), n. hostilities; 
war; contest; military life or serv- 
ice. 

warily (war'i-li), adv, cautiously. 

wariness ('i-nes), n. caution. 

"warlock (wawr'lok), n. a wizard. 

warm (wawrm), adj. having heat in 
a moderate degree ; subject to heat ; 
zealous; excited; passionate; well- 
off : v.t. to make warm ; excite : v.i. 
to become warm. 

warm-blooded (-blud'ed), adj. de- 
noting animals whose temperature 
ranges 98° to 112'* Fahr. 

warm colors (kul'erz), n.pl. colors 
having yellow or red^for their basis. 

warmth ('th), n. moderate heat; 
earnestness or irritability; anima- 



tion ; glowing effect produced by the 
use of warm colors. 
"warn (wawrn), v.t. to give notice of 
possible danger ; caution ; expostu- 
late; summon by authority. 
warning ('ing), n. caution against 
danger ; previous notice ; notice to 
quit. 
warp (wawrp), n. the threads which 
extend lengthwise in the loom, and 
are crossed by the woof ; towing- 
rope ; a twist out of the true shape : 
v.t. to turn or twist out of shape; 
pervert; arrange (yarns) on a warp 
beam ; tow or move (a vessel) with a 
warp attached to some fixed object ; 
run, as yarn, off the winches into 
hulks to be tarred : v.i. to swerve or 
deviate. 
warping ('ing), n. preparation of 
the warp ; fertilization of estuary 
land by flooding it with water. 
warrant (wor'ant), v.t. to guaran- 
tee ; give assurance to ; authorize ; 
maintain ; mark as safe ; assure : n. 
a commission giving authority ; writ 
for arresting a person ; voucher ; se- 
curity. 
warranty (-i), n. guarantee; secur- 
ity. 
warren ('en), n. an enclosure for 
protecting game or animals, espe- 
cially rabbits; fish preserve. 
warrior (wawr'i-er), n. a soldier; 

fighter. 
wart (wawrt), w. a dry excrescence on 
the human skin and certain animals. 
xrary (wa'ri), adj. [comp. warier, su- 
perl. wariest], cautious; circum- 
spect. 
waS) p.t. of be. 

wase (waz), n. a circular straw head- 
covering used by porters when car- 
rying loads. 
wash (wosh), v.t. to cleanse with ^ 
water ; cover with water ; overlay 
with thin metal ; cover with a thin 
coat of color ; cleanse from moral 
pollution : v.i. to cleanse by wash- 
ing; n. the act of washing; waste 
liquor ; alluvial matter ; shallow part 
of an arm of a sea or of a river ; bog 
or marsh ; cosmetic lotion. 
washer ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, washes ; ring of metal, leath- 



.ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; b56n, 
book: hue, hut ; think, then. 



856 



•way 



er, &c., used to secure the tightness 
of a joint, screw, &c. 

washing ('ing), n. the act of cleans- 
ing with water ; clothes washed at 
one time. 

ivasp (wosp), n. a winged insect with 
a sharp sting ; peevish, irritable per- 
son. 

waspish ('ish), adj. petulant and ir- 
ritable ; slender-waisted. 

wassail (wos'el), n. a merry-making 
accompanied with drinking, especial- 
ly at Christmas-time ; liquor of ale, 
apples, and sugar : v.i. to carouse. 

waste (wast), v.t. to destroy wan- 
tonly ; diminish ; squander ; impair ; 
v.i. to be diminished : adj. lying un- 
used ; unproductive ; devastated ; un- 
tilled : n. the act of wasting ; dissi- 
pation of property ; useless expendi- 
ture; uncultivated country; refuse. 

wasteful ('fool), adj. eausing waste; 
spending property extravagantly or 
uselessly. 

wastefuUy (-i), adv. in a wasteful 
manner. 

watch (woch), n. close observation; 
guard ; vigilance ; sentry ; attendance 
without sleep ; watchman ; division 
of the night ; period during which 
part of a crew are on duty on deck 
(4 hours) ; pocket timepiece : v.i. to 
be or keep awake : keep guard ; act 
as an attendant : v.t. to tend ; guard ; 
keep in view. 

watchful ( 'fool) , adj. vigilant ; wary. 

watchfully (-i), adv, in a watchful 
manner. 

■watchword ('werd)j n. a password. 

"Water (waw'ter), n. a colorless, in- 
odorous, transparent fluid, consist- 
ing of 2 volumes of hydrogen to one 
of oxygen ; rain ; sea ; any collection 
of water ; luster of a diamond ; 
urine ; stock issued without provi- 
sion for the payment of interest : v.t. 
to supply with water ; irrigate ; wet 
with water ; dilute : v.i. to get or 
take in water ; have a longing desire. 

watered ('terd), adj. supplied with 
water ; sprinkled ; having a wavy ap- 
pearance. 

water iness ('ter-i-nes), n. watery 
condition. 

Water-logged (-logd), adj. saturated 



or filled with water so as to be un- 
manageable: said of a ship. 

w^atery ('ter-i), adj. pertaining to, or 
like, water; transparent or thin; 
tasteless ; tearful. 

watt (wot), w. an electrical unit of 
power. 

wattle i'l), n. a, twig or flexible rod ; 
a hurdle of interwoven rods ; fleshy 
lobe under the throat of a fowl, tur- 
key, &c. ; kind of acacia : v.t. to 
twist or interweave (twigs or rods) 
one with another : n. bird with wat- 
tles. 

wattlebird (-berd), n. an Australian 
honey-bird. 

waul (wawl), n. the cry of a cat. 

wave (wav), n. the alternate rising 
and falling of water above its nat- 
ural level ; undulation ; state of vi- 
bration propagated through a sys- 
tem of particles or elastic medium ; 
signal made by waving : v.i. to move 
like a wave ; play loosely ; undulate : 
v.t. to brandish ; beckon ; raise into 
inequalities of surface. 

waver ('er), v.i. to move to and fro; 
vacillate ; hesitate or be undeter- 
mined. 

wavering (-ing), adj. hesitating; un- 
decided. 

waveson ('sun), n. goods floating on 
the waves after shipwreck. 

waviness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being wavy. 

wavy ('i), adj. rising and swelling in 
waves ; full of waves ; undulating. 

xv-as (waks), n. beeswax; any tena- 
cious substance like beeswax ; ceru- 
men of the ear ; rage : v.t. to smear, 
rub, or join, with wax : v.i. to in- 
crease in size; become. 

waxbill Cbil), n. a finch with a red 
conical bill resembling wax. 

waxen ('en), adj. made of, like, or 
consisting of, wax. 

waxiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being waxy. 

waxwing ('wing), n. a small bird 
the secondary quills of whose wings 
are tipped with small horny appen- 
dages resembling sealing-wax. 

waxy ('i), adj. consisting of, or like, 
wax ; adhesive ; angry. 

way (wa), n. a road; route; progres- 



Ite, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, ndrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



way 



857 



wed 



sion ; motion ; course ; length of 
space ; distance ; relative position or 
motion; tendency; advance in life; 
manner ; will ; plan. 

waylay ('la), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. way- 
laid, p.pr. waylaying], to beset by 
the road or in ambush. 

wayward ('werd) , adj. perverse ; f re- 
ward. 

we (we), pron., pi. of I. 

weak (wek), adj. wanting strength, 
vigor, spirit, discernment, or wis- 
dom ; feeble ; soft ; pliant ; unforti- 
fied ; vacillating. 

weaken ( 'n ) , v.t. to make weak ; re- 
duce in quality or strength : v.i. to 
become weak. 

weak verb (verb), n. a verb the p.f. 
& p.p. of which are formed by add- 
ing ed or d. 

weal (wel), n. welfare; prosperity; 
mark of a stripe : v.t. to mark with 
stripes. 

weald (weld), n. a wood or forest; 
wold. 

wealth (welth), n. riches; affluence. 

wealthily ('i-li), adv. richly. 

wealtkiness ('i-nes), n. opulence. 

wealthy ('i), adj. [comp. wealthier, 
superl. wealthiest], rich; affluent. 

wean (wen), v.t. to accustom and 
reconcile to a want or deprivation of 
the breast ; alienate the affections 
from any object or habit. 

weapon (wep'n), n. any instrument 
of offense or defense. 

wear (war), v.t. \_p.t. wore, p.p. worn, 
p.pr. wearing , to impair or waste by 
time, usage, friction, &c. ; carry as 
covering on the body ; put (a vessel) 
on another tack ; bear or carry : v.i. 
to be wasted or worn by friction or 
usage ; last under use : n. the act of 
wearing; state of being worn. 

wearily (wer'i-li), adv. in a weary 
manner. 

weariness ('i-nes), n. the state of 
being wearied. 

wearisome ('i-sum), adj. fatiguing; 
tedious. 

weary ('i), adj. [comp. wearier, su- 
perl. weariest], worn out physically 
or mentally ; having the patience ex- 
hausted ; causing weariness ; irk- 
some: v.t. [p.t. & p.p. wearied, p.pr. 



wearying], to wear out or make 
weary ; harass by something irk- 
some : v.i. to become weary, tired or 
fatigued ; become impatient. 

weasand (we'zand), n. the windpipe. 

weasel ('zel), n. a small carnivorous 
animal with short legs and a long 
body. 

weather (weth'er), n. the state of 
the atmosphere with respect to cold^ 
heat, wet, dryness, &c. : v.t. to ex- 
pose to, or season by exposure to,, 
the air ; sail to the windward of ; 
endure or resist bravely : v.i. to un- 
dergo change by the action of the 
weather. 

xreather-cock (-kok), n. a vane. 

weather-gage (-gaj), n. the situa- 
tion of a vessel when to the wind- 
ward of another. 

weather-helm (-helm), n. a term 
applied to a vessel when she is in- 
clined to come near to the wind. 

weather-side (-sid), n. that side of 
a vessel under sail on which the 
wind blows. 

xireave (wev), v.t. to twist or inter- 
lace, as threads, together ; form, as 
cloth, in a loom ; compose or fabri- 
cate : v.i. to practice weaving ; work 
with a loom. 

weazen (we'zn), n. sharp and thin; 
withered. 

web (web), n. texture of threads, or 
thread-like materials ; anything care- 
fully contrived ; tissue or texture ; 
large roll of paper for newspapers ; 
membrane uniting the fingers and 
toes in many water-birds and am- 
phibians : v.t. [p.t. & p.p. webbed, 
p.pr. webbing], to unite or surround 
with, or as with, a web ; entangle. 

xp-ebbing ('ing), n. a narrow woven 
fabric of cotton or flax. 

wed (wed), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. wedded 
or wed, p.pr. wedding], to marry; 
unite together : v.i. to contract mar- 
riage. 

wedding ('ing), n. marriage; nup- 
tial ceremonies or festivities. 

wedge (wej), n. a piece of wood or 
metal, thick at one end and thin at 
the other, used for rending or com- 
pressing, &c. ; one of the mechanical 
powers ; mass of metal : v.t. to 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



wed 



858 



wa 



cleave, force, drive, or fasten, with 
a wedge; press closely. 

^Vedg-wood -ware ('wood war), n. 
a superior kind of semi-vitrified pot- 
tery, invented by Josiah Wedgwood 
(1730-95). 

"credlock ('lok), n. matrimony. 

"Wednesday (wenz'da), n. the fourth 
day of the week. 

xo-ee (we), adj. very small. 

pureed (wed), n. any plant growing 
uncultivated or noxious to cultivated 
crops ; anything useless or trouble- 
some : pi. a widow's mourning gar- 
ments ; a cigar or tobacco : v.t. to 
free from weeds, or anything offen- 
sive or hurtful. 

-weediness ('i-nes), n, the state of 
being weedy. 

-weedy ('i), adj. pertaining " to, or 
consisting of, weeds ; long-legged, 
thin, and lank. 

week (wek), n. a period of seven 
days. 

■weekday ('da), n. any day of the 
week except Sunday. 

weekly ('li), adj. continuing for, or 
produced within, or happening in, a 
week : adv. once a week : n. [pi. 
weeklies ('Hz)], a periodical issued 
once a week. 

ween (wen), v.i. to think; fancy. 

weep (wep), vA. to express grief by 
shedding tears : v.t. to lament ; pour 
forth. 

weeping ('ing), n. the act of shed- 
ding tears ; discharging a liquid in 
small drops. 

-weever (we'ver), n. a kind of fish. 

weevil (we'vl), n. a small beetle, the 
larvae of which are very destructive 
to grain, &c. 

-weft (weft), n. the woof or piling of 
cloth crossing the warp. 

'wekrwolf, same as werewolf. 

-weigk (wa), v.t. to ascertain the 
weight of ; examine by the balance ; 
reflect on carefully : v.i. to have 
weight; bear heavily: n. a certain 
quantity by weight. 

weigkt (wat), n. the quality of being 
heavy ; gravity ; quantity of matter 
as ascertained by the balance ; a 
definite mass of metal for ascertain- 
ing the weight of other bodies; 



mass; something oppressive; pres- 
sure; power; importance. 

xreigktily ('i-li), adv. in a weighty 
manner ; heavily ; impressively. 

weigktiness ('i-nes), n. heaviness; 
importance ; force. 

weighty ('i), adj. [comp. weightier, 
superl. weightiest], having weight; 
heavy ; ponderous ; momentous ; im- 
portant; serious. 

weir (wer), n. a dam across a stream 
to raise the level of the water ; en- 
closure of twigs, &c., for catching 
fish. 

weird (werd), adj. pertaining to, or 
connected with, fate or destiny ; ,su- 
pernatural ; caused by magical influ- 
ence : n. a spell or charm. 

welcome (wel'kum), adj. received 
with gladness or hospitality ; pro- 
ducing gladness ; free to enjoy gra- 
tuitously : n. kind reception to a 
guest or newcomer : v.t. to salute 
with kindness ; receive with hospi- 
tality. 

weld (weld), v.t. to unite together by 
hammering or fusion, as two pieces 
of heated iron. 

welfare (werfar),w. prosperity ; hap- 
piness. 

welkin, ('kin), n, the sky. 

well (wel), n. a spring or fountain; 
shaft sunk to reach a supply of 
water or other liquid ; something re- 
sembling a well in shape : v.i. to flow 
or issue forth : adv. right ; justly ; 
suitably ; adequately ; favorably ; 
far ; not a little : adj. good in condi- 
tion or circumstances ; fortunate ; 
sound in body ; healthy ; safe. 

well-bred ('bred), adj. refined in 
manners ; cultivated. 

Wellingtonia (-ing-to'ni-a), n. a 
name for the big trees of California. 

Wellingtons ('ing-tunz), n.pl. long- 
legged boots. 

Welsh (welsh), adj. pertaining to 
Wales, its inhabitants, or language: 
n. the people of Wales collectively; 
the language of Wales. 

Welsh-rabbit (-rab'it), w. melted 
cheese spread upon toast. 

xrelt (welt), n. a narrow strip of 
leather around a shoe between the 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



W«I 



\irlie 



upper leather and sole: v,t. to fur- 
nish with a welt. 

welter ('er), v.t. to roll in mud or 
foul matter ; wallow : v.t, to cause 
to rise and fall, as waves : «, that in 
which any person or animal welters : 
adj. pertaining to, or noting, the 
most heavily weighted race of a 
meeting. 

welwitscMa (-wich'i-a), n. an Afri- 
can plant producing only two large 
leaves. 

wen (wen), n. a fleshy and movable 
tumor. 

wench (wench), n. a young girl or 
maiden : usually in an invidious or 
bad sense; female colored servant. 

wend (wend), v.i. to go ; pass : v.t. to 
direct (one's way or course). 

went, p.t. of go. 

wept, p.t. & p.p. of weep. 

were, p.t. pi. of be. 

werewolf ('woolf ), n. a person trans- 
formed into a wolf in form or appe- 
tite, either permanently or at cer- 
tain periods. Also werwolf. 

wert, 2 per, sing, of were. 

Wesleyan (wes'Ii-an), adj. pertain- 
ing to John Wesley or to Wc leyan- 
ism : n. a Wesleyan Methodist. 

Wesleyanism (-izm), n. the doc- 
trines and church polity of the sect 
of Arminian Methodists, founded by 
John Wesley, 1739; Methodism. 

west (west), n. one of the 4 cardinal 
points, exactly opposite the east ; 
point where the sun appears to set : 
adj. pertaining to, situated at, lying 
toward, proceeding toward, or com- 
ing from, the west : adv. towards the 
west. 

West, n. the Occident ; country or re- 
gion lying west of any particular 
place. 

•urestern ('ern), adj. tending to, or 
passing toward, the west. 

Western, adj. of or pertaining to the 
Occident or to a western region or 
country. 

westward ('werd), adv. towards the 
west. Also westwards. 

wet (wet), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. wetted or 
wet, p.pr, wetting], to make wet; 
saturate or moisten with water or 
some other liquid : n. water ; mois- 



ture; rainy or misty weather; a 
drink : adj, containing, consisting of, 
or soaked with, water or some other 
liquid ; very damp ; rainy or misty. 

wetier (weiVer), n. a castrated ram. 

wetness (wet'nes), n, the state or 
quality of being wet; humidity; 
moisture. 

wet-nnrse ('ners), n. a nurse who 
suckles the child of another. 

wey (wa), n. a unit of weight or 
measure, varying with different arti- 
cles. 

whack (hwak), ij. a smart resounding 
blow ; large piece : v.t. to strike with 
a smart resounding blow. 

whacker ('er), n. one who whacks; 
something very large, especially a lie. 

whale (hwal), n. a large mammal of 
the Cetacea, many species of which 
yield oil and whalebone; a fish of 
great size. 

wharf (hwawrf), n. [pi. wharfs or 
wharves ( hwawrf s, hwawrvz)], a 
quay or erection on the shore of a 
harbor, river, &c., for discharging or 
taking in cargoes, passengers, &c. 

wharfinger ('in-jer), n. the owner 
of a wharf. 

what (hwot), pron. that which; the 
thing that ; how great ; something : 
adj. of what sort, character, &c. 

whatnot ('not), n. an article of fur- 
niture with shelves for books, orna- 
ments, &e. 

wheal (hwel), n, a weal. 

wheat (hwet), n. an annual cereal 
grain from which flour is manufac 
tured. 

wheatear ('er), n. a small migratory 
singing bird, with a conspicuous 
white patch at the base of its tail, 

wheaten ('n), adj. made of wheat. 

wheedle (hwe'dl), v.t. to entice with 
flattering words; cajole; coax. 

■wheel (hwel), n. a circular frame or 
solid piece of wood or metal turning 
on its own axis ; any wheel-shaped 
mechanical contrivance ; an old in- 
strument of torture; a circular re- 
volving firework : v.t. to cause to 
rotate ; convey on wheels : v.i. to 
turn on, or as on, an axis. 

Tarheeler ('er), n. one who wheels; 



a,te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nSrth, not ; booiij 
book; hue, hut; think, t/ien. 



xrlie 



mrhi 



the horse nearest to the wheels of a 
carriage. 

nvheelman ('man), n. [pi. wheelmen 
('men)], a cyclist; a steersman. 

•wlieel-wriglat ('rit), n. a maker of 
wheels and wheeled carriages. 

•wheeze (hwez), v.i. to breathe hard 
and audibly : n. a puffing or blowing, 
as in labored breathing. 

•wheezing ('iQg),n.the act of breath- 
ing hard and audibly. 

■wheezy ('i), adj, affected with wheez- 
ing. 

•whelk (hwelk), n. a large marine 
gasteropod. 

•whelm (hwelm), v.t. to overwhelm. 

whelp (hwelp), n. the young of a 
dog, lion, fox, &c. ; cub : v.i. to bring 
forth young : said of the female of 
certain animals, as the dog. 

•when (hwen), adv. at, or after, the 
time that ; at what time ; although. 

■whence (hwens), adv. from what 
place, source, or origin; how. 

where (hwar), adv. at which place 
or places; whither. 

•whereas (-az'), adv. when in fact or 
truth ; since. 

wherefore ('for), adv. for which or 
what reason ; why. 

wherry (hwer'i), n. a light, shallow 
boat, sharp at both ends; small- 
decked fishing-vessel ; liquor made 
from the juice of crab-apples after 
the verjuice is expressed. 

whet (hwet), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. whet- 
ted, p.pr. whetting], to sharpen, es- 
pecially by rubbing or friction ; 
stimulate. 

whether (hweth'er), pron. which of 
two: conj. which of two alterna- 
tives (followed by or). 

•whetstone (hwet'ston), n. a stone 
for sharpening edged tools, &c. 

whey (hwa), n. the thin, sweet, 
watery part of milk, after separa- 
tion from the curd. 

which (hwich), pron. a word of in- 
terrogation in all genders ; the rela- 
tive serving as the neuter of who. 

whiS (hwif), n. a sudden breath of 
air, smoke, &c., as from the mouth ; 
light puff; kind of outrigged boat: 
v.t. to puff or^emit in whiffs. 

w£iMe ('1), v.i. to veer about like 



the wind; be fickle or unsteady; 
prevaricate. 

whiffletree, same as swingletree. 

w^hiiiling ('ling), n. evasion; prevar- 
ication. 

"Whig (hwig), 7^. one of a political 
party in the United States that fa- 
vored a protective tariff, and was 
succeeded by the present Republican 
party; one of a political party 
which originated in the 17th century, 
now called the Liberal party : adj. 
pertaining to Whigs. 

while (hwil), n. space of time; dura- 
tion : conj. during the time that : 
v.t. to cause to pass ; spend : usually 
followed by away. 

whilom (hwi'lom), adv. formerly; 
long ago. 

whilst (hwilst), adv. while. 

whim (hwim), n, a capricious fancy; 
freak; notion. 

whimper ('per), r.f. to utter in a 
low, whining or crying tone : v.i. to 
cry with a low, whining, broken 
voice. 

whimsical ('zi-kal), adj. full of 
whims ; fantastical ; odd in appear- 
ance. 

whimsically (-i), adv» in a whimsi- 
cal manner. 

whin (hwin), n. a wild, prickly plant 
of the genus Ulex ; furze. 

whin-chat ('chat), n. a small sing- 
ing bird. 

whine (hwin), v.i. to express sorrow 
by a plaintive cry; murmur in an 
unmanly manner : n. a plaintive 
tone; mean or affected complaint. 

whining ('ing), adj. expressing mur- 
murs by a mean, plaintive, or cant- 
ing tone. 

whinny (hwin'i), v.i. to utter a 
sound like the cry of a horse : n. the 
act of whinnying : adj. abounding in 
whins or furze. 

whinstone (hwin'ston), n. a miner's 
term for hard, resisting rock. 

whip (hwip),'^.*. ip.t. & ;p.?). whipped, 
or whipt, p.pr. whipping] to strike 
or punish with a lash or some other 
instrument of punishment or correc- 
tion ; flog ; lash with sarcasm ; beat 
into a froth ; beat out ; sew lightly ; 
fish in with a rod and artificial fly ; 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



wM 



861 



whi 



v.i. to move nimbly ; start suddenly 
and run : n. an instrument for 
driving horses or other animals or 
for correction ; coachman or driver ; 
whipper-in ; endless line used for 
saving life in shipwreck ; small 
tackle with a single rope for hoist- 
ing ; a member of the British Parlia- 
ment whose duty it is to summon 
the members of his party to impor- 
tant divisions; the summons issued. 

wHipper ('er), n. one who whips, 
especially an officer who inflicts the 
penalty of legal flogging; coal- 
whipper. 
-Tirliipper-in (-er-in'), n. a huntsman 
who keeps the hounds in restraint. 

T^liipping; ('ing), n. the act of pun- 
ishing with the lash or rod. 

TrMppoorwill (hwip'per-wil), n. a 
small American bird, named from 
its cry. 

TP-hir (hwer) v.i. [p.t. & p.p. whirred, 
p.pr. whirring], to revolve quickly 
with a whizzing noise: n. a whiz- 
zing noise. 

Whirl (hwerl), v.t. to turn round 
rapidly : v.i. to turn or move round 

, with velocity ; move along swiftly : 
n. a turning with velocity ; rapid ro- 
tation or whirling motion. 

whirligig ('i-gig), n. a child's toy 
which is whirled or spun round. 

whirlpool ('pool), n. a body of 
water moving with a circular motion 
forming a vortex or gulf. 

whirlwind ('wind), n. a violent 
wind moving spirally; sudden vio- 
lent rush. 

whish (hwisk), v.t. to sweep or stir 
rapidly ; move, or carry off, nimbly : 
v.i. to move rapidly and nimbly : n. 
the act of whisking; small bundle 
of grass, hair, &c., used as a brush ; 
small instrument used for beating or 
whisking, especially eggs. 

whiskers ('erz), n. pi. the hair on a 
man's cheeks ; the bristly hairs on 
the upper lip of a cat, &c. 

whisky (hwis'ki), n. an intoxicant 
distilled from barley, rye, &c. Also 
Whiskey. 

whisper ('per), v.i. to speak in a low 
voice or as not to be overheard : v.t. 
to say under the breath : n. a low, 



soft tone of voice audible only to the 
listener ; suggestion or insinuation. 

whist (hwist), n. a card game: m- 
tcrj. hush! 

whistle (hwis'l), v.i. to make a shrill 
sound by forcing the breath through 
the contracted lips; utter a shrill 
sound: v.t. to call or signal by a 
whistle : n. the shrill noise of one 
who whistles ; small wind-instru- 
ment ; throat. 

whistler ('ler), n. one who whistles; 
broken-winded horse ; one who keeps 
an unlicensed dram-shop. 

whit (hwit), n. the smallest particle. 

white (hwit), adj. being without col- 
or or of the hue of pure snow ; hence 
pure ; innocent ; having silvery hair ; 
hoary : n. a white man ; albumen of 
an egg : v.t. to whitewash. 

whitebait ('bat), n. a small, delicate 
fish. 

whitecap ('kap), n. a redstart; one 
of a self-constituted tribunal of per- 
sons who visit the houses of offend- 
ers against morality and punish 
them by whipping. 

white-feather {ietJi-er), n. cow- 
ardice. 

white friar (fri'er), n. a Carmelite 
monk. 

White House (hous), n. the official 
residence at Washington of the 
United States President. 

white-lie ('li), n. pious fraud. 

white-livered ('liv-erd), adj. cow- 
ardly. 

whiten ('en), v.t. to make white; 
blanch. 

white-precipitate (-pre-sip'i-tat) ,n. 
ammonia compounded with corrosive 
sublimate. 

white-pyrites (-pi-ri'tez), n. a sul- 
phuret of iron. 

white-smith ('smith), n. a tinsmith. 

white-sqnall ('skwawl), n. a squall 
not preceded by clouds. 

white-swelling ('swel-ing), n. a 
scrofulous inflammation about the 
joints. 

white-throat ('throt), n. a small 
migratory singing-bird. 

white-vitriol ('vit-ri-ol) , n. sulphatei 
of zinc. 

whitewash ('wosh), n. a composi- 



ate, arm, 4sk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon^ 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



wM 



862 



wid 



tion of lime, whiting, size, water, 
&c., for whitening ceilings, &c. : v.t. 
to whiten with whitewash ; clear 
from imputation or disgrace ; clear 
(a bankrupt) from his obligations 
by judicial process. 

xp-Mte-wine ('win), n. a name for 
wines of a clear, transparent color. 

lExrliitewood ('wood), n. tulip-tree 
wood. 

■wMther (hwi^/t'er), adv. to what 
place ; to what ; how far. 

•wMting (hwit'ing), n. pulverized 
chalk cleansed from impurities; an 
edible fish. 

■wMtiow (hwit'lo), n. a sore about 
the quick of the nail ; felon ; a foot 
disease in sheep. 

"Whitsun ('sun), adj. pertaining to, 
or observed at, Whitsuntide, or the 
season of Pentecost. 

WMtsTimday ('sun-da), n. the sev- 
enth Sunday after Easter, commem- 
orating the day of Pentecost. 

wMttle (hwit'l), v.t. to cut, dress, or 
sharpen with a knife ; reduce bit by 
bit. 

•wMz (hwiz), v.i. ]_p.t. & p.p. whizzed, 
p.pr, whizzing], to make a humming 
or hissing noise : n. a humming or 
hissing noise. 

■wlio (hoo), pron. referring to one or 
more persons : used relatively and 
interrogatively. 

"wlioever (-ev'er), pron. every one 
who ; whatever person. 

■wlLole (hoi), adj. containing all; 
complete ; not defective ; hale and 
sound ; unbroken. 

TT-liolesale ('sal), n. sale of goods by 
the piece or in large quantity : adj. 
buying or selling in large quantities. 

•wholesome ('sum), adj. sound; pro- 
moting or favoring morals, religion, 
or prosperity ; salubrious ; salutary. 

"wliolesoinely (-li), adv. in a whole- 
some manner. 

TP'lioIesoinexiess (-nes), n. the state 
or quality of being wholesome. 

•wliolly (ho'li), adv. entirely; exclu- 
sively. 

^xrhom. (hoom), prow, objective of who. 

■whoop (hoop), v.i. to utter a loud, 
shrill, and prolonged cry ; shout : n. 
a lend shout of, or as of, pursuit or 
attack. 



whooping-congb. ('ing-k6f), n. a^ 
violent, convulsive cough, character-' 
ized by its whooping sound. 

wh-o-p (hwop), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. 
whopped, p.pr. whopping], to thrash 
or beat : v.i. to fall down suddenly : 
11. SL blow or fall. 

whopper ('er), n. something unusu- 
ally large ; a monstrous lie. 

whore (hor), n. a female who prosti- 
tutes her body for hire ; prostitute ; 
adulteress : v.i. to fornicate ; prac- 
tice idolatry. 

whoredom ('dum), n. fornication; 
idolatry. 

whorl (hwerl or hworl), n. any set 
of organs or appendages arranged in 
a circle round an axis, as flowers or 
leaves ; turn of the snire of a uni- 
valve shell ; fly of a spindle. 

whorled (hwerld), adj. furnished 
with whorls. 

whortleberry (hwer'tl-ber-i), n. a 
small shrub and its edible blue fruit. 

whose (hooz), pron. poss. of who or 
which. 

why (hwi), adv. for what cause, rea- 
son, or purpose: inter j. used em- 
phatically : 71. the reason or cause. 

wick (wik), n. the cotton or 'sub- 
stance of a candle or lamp which 
supplies the flame. 

w^icked ('ed), adj. evil in principle 
or practice ; sinful ; immoral ; rogu- 
ish. 

wicker ('er), oi. a pliant osier: adj. 
made of plaited osiers. 

wicket ('et), n. a small gate; the 
three upright stumps in cricket at 
which the ball is bowled. 

wide (wid), adj. extended far each 
way ; broad ; vast ; very capacious ; 
failing to hit the mark: adv. to a 
great distance ; far apart : n. a ball 
bowled outside the bowling-crease. 

widely ('li), adv. extensively. 

widen ('en), v.t. to make wide; throw 
open : v.i. to enlarge. 

wideuess ('nes), n. width; breadth. 

widow (wid'o), n. a woman bereaved 
of her husband and remaining un- 
married: v.t, to bereave of a hus- 
band. 

widower (-er), n. a man bereaved of 
his wife and remaining unmarried. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit ; note, north, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



wid 



855 



wia 



width (width), n. extent of a thing 
from side to side. 

wield (weld), v.t. to use or employ 
with the hand ; control or sway ; 
handle. 

wife (wif), n. [pi. wives (wivz)], a 
woman united in lawful wedlock to 
a man ; woman in some humble em- 
ployment. 

[wifely ('li), adv. like, or becoming, a 

I wife. 

wig (wig), n. false hair worn on the 
head. 

wigan ('an), n. a kind of canvas-like 
cotton fabric. 

wigged (wigd), adj. wearing a wig. 

wigging (wig'ing), n. a scolding. 

wig;gle, same as wriggle. 

w^ight (wit), n. a human being. 

wigwag (wig' wag), n. a signaling 
flag: v.t. & v.i. to communicate by 
means of a wigwag ; to wave to and 
fro. 

wigwam (wig'wawm), n. an Indian 
hut. 

wild (wad), adj. living in a state of 
nature ; untamed ; uncultivated ; na- 
tive ; savage ; violent ; passionate ; 
unreasonable ; disorderly ; reckless : 
n. a desert. 

trilderness (wil'der-nes), n. a region 
or tract of land uncultivated and un- 
inhabited ; desert. 

wildcat (wild'kat), a(Z/. unsafe; spec- 
ulative ; running without control. 

wile (wil), n. a sly artifice; trick: 
v.t. to cause to pass pleasantly (with 
away) ; cajole [Scotch]. 

wilful ('fool), adj. governed by the 
will without regard to reason ; stub- 
born ; inflexible. 

wilfully (-i), adv. stubbornly; on 
purpose. 

will (wil), n. the faculty of the mind 
by which one choose or determines ; 
command ; pleasure ; divine deter- 
mination ; choice ; desire ; feeling 
towards; legal disposition of one's 
property at death: v.i. to exercise 
the will ; decree : v.t. to determine in 
the mind ; command ; direct ; be- 
queath. 

willet ('et), n. a bird allied to the 
snipe. 

willing ('ing), adj. inclined to do or 



grant ; complying ; spontaneous ; vol- 
ultary. 

willow Co), n. a tree of the genua 
Salix, 

wilt, 2 per. sing, of will. 

Wilton carpet (wil'tun kar'pet), n. 
a kind of imitation Brussels. 

wily (wl-li), adj. cunning; crafty. 

wimple (wim'pl), n. a kind of silk or 
linen headcovering formerly worn bjr 
women, and still retained by nuns. 

"win (win), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. won, p.pr. 
winning], to gain by superiority in 
a contest or competition ; gain or 
obtain ; bring over to one's party ; 
render friendly or favorable : v.i. to 
be successful ; triumph. 

wince (wins), v.i. to twist or turn as 
in pain or uneasiness ; shrink ; kick : 
n. the act of wincing. 

wincey (win'si), n. linsey-woolsey. 

winch (winch), n. the crank of a 
wheel or axle. 

Winchester ( win'ches-ter) , n. a light 
repeating rifle. 

wind^ (wind), n. air in perceptible 
motion ; lungs ; power of respira- 
tion ; breath ; flatulence ; anything 
insignificant or light as wind; idle 
words : v.t. to ventilate ; scent with 
the nese, as hounds ; render scant of 
breath ; allow to rest, as a horse, in 
order to let him recover breath : v.i. 
(wind) to turn round something; 
twist; meander: v.t. to coil or en- 
circle. 

windage (wind'aj), n. the difference 
between the diameter of the bore of 
a gun and of a shot or shell ; deflec- 
tion of a missile caused by the wind. 

windfall ('fawl), n. fruit blown 
down by the wind; unexpected good 
fortune. 

windflower ('flou-er), n. the anem- 
one. 

windhover ('hov-er), n. the kestrel. 

windiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being windy; flatulence; 
verbosity. 

winding (wmd'ing), n, turning; 
twisting. 

winding sheet (-shet), n. a cere- 
cloth. 

windlass (wind'las), n. a horizontal 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



win 



864 



xris 



cylinder or roller by means of which 
heavy weights, &c., are raised. 

windoiv (win'do), n. an aperture, 
usually glazed, in a building to ad- 
mit light ; frame in such an opening ; 
anything resembling a window. 

"windpipe (wind'pip), n. the trachea. 

windward (wind'werd), n. the direc- 
tion from which the wind blows : 
udv. toward the wind : adj. on the 

1 side toward the point from which 

' the wind blows. 

windy ('i), adj. [comp. windier, su- 
perl. windiest], pertaining to, like, 
or consisting of, wind ; boisterous ; 
windward ; exposed to the wind ; 
flatulent ; empty. 

wine (win), n. the fermented juice of 
grapes ; liquor made from the juice 
of certain fruits ; intoxication ; wine 
party. 

wing (wing), n. one of the two an- 
terior limbs of a bird, or insect, by 
which it flies ; anything resembling a 
wing ; passage by the wing ; flight ; 
side of a building, army, fleet, &c. ; 
care or protection : v.t. to furnish 
with, or as with, wings ; transport 
by flight ; supply with side-pieces ; 
wound in the wing : v.i. to fly. 

wink (wingk), v.i. to close and open 
the eyelids with a quick motion ; 
hint by the motion of the eyelids ; 
connive ; tolerate : n. act of winking ; 
hint given. 

winking ('ing), n. the act of shut- 
ting and opening the eyes rapidly ; 
act of conniving. 

winner (win'er), n. one who wins. 

winning ('ing), adj. adapted to gain 
favor; attractive; charming: n.j)!. 
money gained in any contest or 
game. 

winnow ('o), v.t. to separate and 
drive the chaff from (grain) by the 
wind ; fan ; sift or examine : v.i. to 
separate chaff from grain. 

winsome ( 'sum ) , adj. attractive ; 
pretty. 

wiuter ('ter), n. the cold season of 
the year ; period or condition re- 
sembling winter: v.i. to pass the 
winter ; hibernate : v.t. to feed or 
maintain during the winter. 

winter-solstice ('tCr-sol-stis), n. the 



solstice when the sun enters Capri- 
corn, about December 21. 

wipe (wip), v.t. to rub or dust the 
surface of with something soft ; dry 
by rubbing ; cleanse, as from abuses ; 
obliterate (with out) : n. act of 
cleansing by rubbing ; blow or crush- 
ing repartee ; the lapwing. 

wire (wir), n. a metallic thread of 
uniform diameter ; telegraph wire ; 
telegram : v.t. to bind, or snare, with 
wire ; telegraph : v.i. to send a tele- 
gram. 

wireless telegrapky (wir'les te-leg'- 
ra-fi), n. any form of telegraphic 
communication effected by means of 
electricity without the use of wire 
circuits. 

■wireless telephony (te-lef'o-ni), n. 
the art of telephoning without wire. 

wire-pnlling ('pool-ing), n. secret 
influence or intrigue, especially for 
political purposes. 

wiry ('i), adj. made of, or like, wire; 
strong and flexible ; lean and sinewy. 

VT-isdom (wiz'dom), n. knowledge 
practically applied to the best ends ; 
natural sagacity; prudence; skill ia 
affairs ; piety. 

wisdom-tooth (-tooth), w. the name 
popularly given to the third molar 
in each jaw, appearing between the 
ages of 17 and 25. 

wise (wiz), adj. judging correctly 
from experience ; possessing wisdom ; 
skilful ; learned ; discreet ; contain- 
ing, or directed by, wisdom : suffiaj 
denoting manner or mode of acting. 

wiseacre ('a-ker), n. a would-be wise 
person ; pretender to learning. 

wisely ('li), adv. in a wise manner, 

wish (wish), v.i. to have a strong de- 
sire : v.t. to desire or long for ; ex- 
press desire for : n. strong or eager 
desire ; thing desired. 

wishing ('ing), n. a wish. • 

wishing-bone (-bon), n. the merry- 
thought. Also wishbone. 

wish-wash ('wosh), n. thin, weak 
liquor. 

wisp (wisp), n. a handful or small 
bundle, as of straw or hay. 

wistful (wist'fool), adj. sadly long- 
ing; pensive. 

wistfully (-i), adv, in a wistful 
manner. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, but; think, then. 



wis S 

TiT-istiti (wis'te-te), n. the marmoset. 

wit (wit), -yi. to know : n. knowledge ; 
intellect or mental faculties ; sagac- 
ity ; talent ; ingenuity ; power of 
combining ideas with ludicrous ef- 
fect ; one who possesses wit ; humor- 
ist. 

witch (wich), n. a woman supposed 
to have formed a compact with evil 
spirits, by whose means she possessed 
supernatural powers ; sorceress ; fas- 
cinating young woman : v.t. to be- 
witch ; enchant. 

witchcraft ('kraft), n. the practice 
of witches ; supernatural or magical 
powers. 

witchery ('er-i), n. witchcraft; fas- 
cination. 

witch-hazel ('ha-zel), n. a shrub or 
small tree of the genus Hamamelis. 

witcLing, same as bewitching. 

with {with), prep, denoting nearness 
or connection : prefix meaning oppo- 
sition, departure, privation, as with- 
stand, withhold., &c. 

withe (with), w. a tough flexible twig, 
especially of willow; band of twigs 
twisted together. 

wither (wi//i'er), v.t. to cause to fade 
and become dry ; decay : v.i. to be- 
come sapless. 

withers (wiif/i'erz), n.pl. the highest 
part of a horse's back, between the 
shoulder-blades. 

within ('in), prep, inside; in reach 
of: adv. inwardly. 

withy (with'i), n. a large species of 
willow ; twig : adj. flexible and tough. 

witness (wit'nes), n. attestation of a 
fact or event ; testimony ; evidence : 
n. one who sees or has personal* 
knowledge of anything ; one who at- 
tests : v.t. to have direct knowledge 
of ; see ; give testimony to ; see the 
execution of (a document) and sub- 
scribe it : v.i. to give evidence. 

witted (wit'ed), p.adj. having wit or 
understanding. 

witticism ('i-sizm), n. a witty re- 
mark. 

wittiness ('i-nes), n. the quality of 
being witty. 

wittingly ('ing-li), adv. with knowl- 
edge, 

witty ('i), adj. [comp. wittier, superl. 



>o won 

wittiest], smartly or cleverly face- 
tious ; characterized by, or possessed 
of, wit ; satirical. 

wive (wiv), v.t. to provide with a 
wife : v.i. to marry. 

■wizard (wiz'erd), n. one supposed to 
possess supernatural powers, usually 
from the Evil One ; enchanter ; sor- 
cerer ; conjurer. 

wizen ('en), adj. dried up; shriveled: 
v.i. & v.t. to dry up or shrivel. 

woad (wod), n. a plant yielding a 
blue dye. 

woe (wo), n. sorrow; grief; misery. 

woful ('fool), adj. full of, or express- 
ing, woe ; sad ; mean. Also woeful. 

wofully (-i),adv. in a woful manner. 

wold (wold), n. a forest or wood; 
plain or open country: pi. a hilly 
district. 

wolf (woolf),^. [pi. wolves (woolvz) ], 
a fierce carnivorous animal of the 
dog kind : hence a person noted for 
rapacity or cruelty. 

wolSsh ('ish), adj. like a wolf; rav- 
enously hungry. 

wolf's-bane (woolfs'ban), w. aconite. 

wolf's-foot ('foot), n. club-moss. 

wolverene (wool-ver-en'), n. a car- 
nivorous quadruped; the glutton. 
Wolverine. 

woman (woom'an), n. [pi. women 
(wim'en)], an adult person of the 
female sex ; female attendant ; wife. 

womanhood (-hood), n. the state, 
character, or collective qualities of a 
woman. 

womanish (-ish), adj. suitable to, 
characteristic of, or having the qual- 
ities of, a woman ; effeminate. 

womankind (-kind), n. women col- 
lectively ; women of one's household. 

womb (woom), n. the uterus of a fe- 
male; place where anything is pro- 
duced; large or deep cavity: v.t. to 
breed in secret. 

wombat (wom'bat), n. a nocturnal, 
burrowing, Australian marsupial. 

won, p.t. & p.p. of win. 

wonder (wun'der), n. the state of 
mind produced by anything new, 
strange, unexpected, or surprising; 
astonishment ; cause of wonder ; mar- 
vel ; miracle ; prodigy : v.i. to feel 
wonder ; be astonished at. 



ate, arm, ksk, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit : note, nSrth, not ; b66n, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



xron 



866 



wonderful (-fool) , adj. exciting won- 
der; strange. Also wondrous. 

•wonderfully (-i), adv, in a wonder- 
ful manner. 

wonga (wong'ga), w. a large Austral- 
ian pigeon. 

wont (wunt), adj. used or accus- 
tomed : n. habit or custom. 

ivonted ( 'ed ) , adj. habitual ; usual. 

woo (woo), v.t. to solicit in love; in- 
vite with importunity : v.i. to court. 

wood (wood), n. a large and thick 
collection of growing trees ; solid 
part of trees; trunk of trees sawn 
for use. 

Woodburytype (-ber-i-tip), n. a 
photo-mechanical process for print- 
ing pictures from blocks. 

woodcock ('kok), n. a wild fowl al- 
lied to the snipe. 

wooden ('n), adj. made, or consist- 
ing of, wood ; produced as from 
wood; stiff; awkward; expression- 
less. 

woodiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being woody. 

woodman ('man), n. a forest officer; 
forester ; one who fells timber ; a 
hunter. 

woodpecker ('pek-er), n. a bird that 
taps the trunks of trees to discover 
insects. 

woodruff ('ruf), n. an herb. 

woody Ci), adj. abounding in woods ; 
consisting of, or composed of, or 
like, wood. 

wooer (woo'er)^ n. one who woos. 

woof (woof), n. the weft or cross- 
threads in weaving; texture. 

wooing (woo'ing), adj. courting: n. 
the act of soliciting in love. 

wool (wool), n. the soft fine hair 
which covers sheep, goats, &c. ; fine 
fiber resembling wool ; soft, thick 
hair. 

wool-gatkering (-ga.th'ev-mg) , adj. 
indulgence of idle fancies. 

woolen ('en), adj. made of wooi : n. 
cloth made of wool : pi. woolen goods. 

wooUiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being woolly. 

woolly ( 'i ) , adj. consisting of, like, or 
clothed with, wool. 

woolpack Cpak), n. a bale of wool, 
240 lbs. 



woolsack ('sak), n. a sack of wool; 
the Lord Chancellor's seat in the 
British House of Lords. 

wool-staple ('sta-pl), n. the city or 
town where wool used to be brought 
to the king's staple to be sold. 

wool-stapler ('sta-pler), n. a dealer 
in wool. 

wootz (wootz), n. a very fine kind of 
steel imported from India, used for 
edged tools. 

word (werd), n. an articulate sound, 
or combination of sounds expressing 
an idea ; constituent part of a sen- 
tence ; tidings ; message or commu- 
nication ; declaration ; promise : pi. 
language ; speech ; conversation ; dis- 
pute : v.t, to express in words ; 
phrase. 

Word, n, the Son of God ; Holy Scrip- 
ture. 

word-book ('book), n. a vocabulary. 

word-building ('bil-ding), n. the 
formation or composition of words. 

worded ('ed), adj. expressed in words. 

wordiness ('i-nes), n. verbosity. 

wording ('ing), n. the manner in 
which anything is expressed in 
words. 

word-painting ( 'pant-ing) ,^ n. ^ the 
description of an event, &c., in vivid, 
realistic language. 

wordy ('i), adj. pertaining to, con- 
sisting of, or containing many, 
words ; verbose. 

wore, p.t. of wear. 

work (werk), n. physical or intellec- 
tual effort directed to some end ; re- 
sult of work ; labor ; employment ; 
duty ; a production of an art or sci- 
ence ; causing of motion against a 
resisting body : pi. moving parts of a 
mechanism ; industrial manufactur- 
ing establishment ; structures in civil 
or military engineering; moral du- 
ties as external to faithi : v.i. to be 
occupied in business or labor; per- 
form ; act ; be in a state of severe 
exertion ; ferment : v.t. to make by 
labor ; influence or effect ; excite ; 
manage or carry out; sew or em- 
broider. 

workhouse ('hous), n. a poorhouse; 
a house where convicts are confined 
to labor. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 




Photo, by Underwood & Underwood. 

WOOLWORTH BUILDING, NEW YORK. 
Highest building- in the world. Height, 5o stories, 

or 750 feet. 



867 



world (werld), n. the earth and its 
inhabitants ; whole system of created 
things ; universe ; present state of 
existence; people generally; public 
life or society; secular life; sphere 
or domain ; very much. 

vorldliness ('li-nes), n. the state of 
being addicted to gain and temporal 
pleasures. 

worldling ('ling), n. one who is de- 
voted to the pleasures and advan- 
tages of the present. 

worldly ('li), adj. pertaining to, or 
devoted to, this life and its enjoy- 
ments and advantages. 

w^orxu (werm), )n. any small creep- 
ing animal entirely destitute of feet, 
or having very short ones ; anything 
that gnaws or torments the mind ; 
thread of a screw ; spiral pipe in a 
still or condenser ; a groveling, de- 
based creature: v.i. to work slowly, 
secretly, and gradually : v.t. to un- 
dermine by slow and secret means. 

worm-xrlieel ('hwel), n. a wheel 
working into the spiral of a screw. 

wormwood ('wood), n. the bitter 
pl^it Absinthium, used as a power- 
ful tonic ; source of bitterness. 

worn, p.p. of wear. 

worried (wur'id), adj. harassed; 
tired. 

worrier ('i-er), n. one who worries. 

worriment ('i-ment), n. anxiety; 
trouble. 

worrisome ('i-sum), adj. causing 
worry. 

worry ('i), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. worried, 
p.pr. worrying], to tear or mangle 
with the teeth ; harass with anxiety 
or care ; vex or annoy ; tease : v.i. to 
feel or express undue anxiety ; be 
fretful ; fight, as dogs : n. harassing 
trouble ; anxiety ; perplexity. 

worse (wers), adj. [comp. of bad] : 
n. loss ; defeat ; inferior state or con- 
dition : adv. bad in a greater degree. 

worship (wer'ship), n. in England, a 
title of honor used in addressing cer- 
tain magistrates, especially mayors ; 
act of paying divine honor to God : 
v.t. to pay divine honors, or religious 
service, to; reverence with great re- 
spect : v.i. to perform acts of hom- 
age or adoration, especially religious 
service. 



worshipful (-fool), adj. claiming or 
worthy of respect or honor : a term 
of respect. 

worshiper (-er), n, one who wor- 
ships. 

worst (werst), adj. superl. of bad; 
bad or evil in the highest degree; 
most severe or dangerous : adv, 
worse than all others: n. the most 
evil or calamitous state: v.t. to get 
the advantage of in a contest ; over- 
throw; defeat. 

worsted (woos'ted), n. twisted thread 
spun out of woolen yarn : adj. made 
of worsted. 

wort (wert),^. the saccharine infu- 
sion of malt which ferments and 
makes beer; an herb. 

worth (werth) , n. value ; price ; moral 
excellence: adj. equal in value to; 
having estate or wealth to the value 
of ; deserving of. 

worthily (wer'^Ai-li), adv. in a wor- 
thy manner ; justly. 

worthiness (-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being worthy ; excellence. 

worthless (werth'les), adj. having 
no value, virtue, or excellence ; mor- 
ally bad ; contemptible. 

worthy {'thi), adj. [comp. worthier, 
superl. worthiest], having worth or 
excellence; estimable: n. a man of 
eminent worth. 

would, p.t. of will. 

urould-be (wood'be), adj. pretending, 
or desirous of being thought to be: 
n. a vain pretender. 

wound ( woond or wound) , n. a breach 
of the skin and flesh given to an ani- 
mal body by violence ; hurt ; injury : 
v.t. to make a wound in ; lacerate ; 
injure ; hurt the feeling of : p.t. & 
p.p. of wind (wound). 

wove, p.t. of weave. 

woven, p.p. of weave. 

wow- wow (wou'wou), n. a Javanese 
ape. 

wrack (rak), n. seaweed cast ashore; 
ruin ; destruction ; a thin, flying 
cloud. 

wraith (rath), n. the supposed ghost 
of a person in his exact likeness seen 
immediately before, or at the time of 
his death [Scotch]. 

wrangle (rang'gl), v.i. to dispute an- 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, nOrth, not ; booOy 
book; hue, hut; think, then. 



vrra, 8 

grily or noisily : n. an angry or 
noisy dispute. 

■wrangler ('gler), n. one who wran- 
gles ; an angry or noisy disputant. 

wrap (rap), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. wrapped 
(wrapt), p.pr. wrapping], to roll or 
wind together ; cover with something 
rolled around ; involve ; conceal by 
enveloping ; n. a wrapper, shawl, or 
rug. 

wrapper ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, wraps ; that in which any- 
thing is inclosed or wrapped; loose 
over or upper garment. 

wrasse (ras), n. a bony, brightly col- 
ored fish of the genus Labrus. 

wrath (rath), n. violent anger; in- 
dignation. 

wrathful ('fool), adj. violently an- 
gry. 

wrathfully (-i), adv. in a wrathful 
manner. 

wreak (rek), v.t. to execute in venge- 
ance or passion ; inflict. 

wreath (reth), n. anything curled or 
twisted; garland or chaplet. 

wreathe {reth), v.t. to twist into a 
wreath ; intertwine : v.i. to be inter- 
woven. 

wreck (rek), n. the destruction of a 
ship by being driven ashore, or on a 
rock, &c. ; ruins of a ship so de- 
stroyed ; remains of anything ru- 
ined ; destruction : v.t. to destroy or 
cast away, as a ship, by violence ; 
ruin or destroy. 

wreckage ('aj), n. remains of a 
wrecked vessel ; act of wrecking ; 
state of being wrecked. 

wrecker ('er), n. one who plunders, 
or causes, wrecks ; one who removes 
the cargo from a wrecked vessel. 

wren (ren), n. a small insessorial 
bird. 

wrench (rench), v.t. to wring or pull 
with a twist ; strain : n. a violent 
twist ; sprain ; instrument for exert- 
ing a twisting strain. 

wrest (rest), v.t. to twist, wrench, or 
force from by violence ; distort ; turn 
from its natural meaning ; pervert : 
n. violent pulling or twisting; per- 
version. 

wrester ('er), n. one who wrests. 

wrestle (res'l), v.i. to contend, by 



8 wrl 

grappling with, or striving to trip or 
throw down, another ; strive earnest- 
ly : v.t. to contend against in wrest- 
ling : n. the act of one who wrestles ; 
struggle. Also wrestling. 

wrestler ('ler), n. one who wrestles. 

wretch (rech), n. sl despicable or 
worthless person; one sunk in the 
deepest woe. 

wretched ('ed), adj. miserable; un- 
happy ; sunk in deep misery or woe ; 
worthless; of miserable quality or 
character. 

wriggle (rig'I), v.i. to twist to and 
fro : v.t. to move by, or as by, wrig- 
gling : n. a wriggling motion. 

wriggler ('ler), n. one who wriggles. 

Wright (rit), n. one occupied in some 
mechanical operation ; artificer ; car- 
penter [Scotch]. 

wring (ring), v.t. [p.t. & p.p. wrung, 
p.pr. wringing], to twist; turn and 
strain ; force or compress ; extort . 
n. a forcible twist. 

wringer ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, wrings. 

wrinkle (ring'kl), n. a small ridge or 
furrow on a smooth surface ; crease ; 
useful hint or idea : v.t. to form or 
cause wrinkles ; crease : v.i. to be- 
come wrinkled. 

wrist (rist), n. the joint uniting the 
hand to the arm. 

writ (rit), n. anything written; a 
written document to enforce obedi- 
ence to an order of a court of justice. 

write (rit), v.t. [p.t. wrote, p.p. writ- 
ten, p.pr. writing], to form with a 
pen or similar instrument on paper, 
&c. ; express in writing ; engrave ; 
produce, as an author : v.i. to form 
letters with the pen ; send letters ; 
compose books. 

writer ('er), n. one who, or that 
which, writes ; clerk or amanuensis ; 
author ; journalist. 

writhe (vitJi), v.t. to twist with vio- 
lence ; pervert : v.i. to contort the 
body. 

writing (rit'ing), n. the act of form- 
ing letters with a pen, &c. ; composi- 
tion, manuscript, or book ; legal in- 
strument. 

written (writ'n), adj. reduced to 
writing. 



Bte, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nSrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, but; think, then. 



nrri 



wy« 



vrritten la-w (law), n. statute law. 

ygrrons (rong), adj. not morally right ; 
false ; unjust ; mistaken ; not fit or 
suitable ; incorrect : adv. unjustly ; 
erroneously. Also wrongly. 

TPTongful ( 'fool ) , ^ adj.^ contrary to 
moral law or justice ; injurious. 

•wrongfully (-i), adv. in a wrongful 
manner. 

■wrote, p.t. of write. 

wroth (rawth), adj. much exasper- 
ated. 

-wrought (rawt), p.t. & p.p. of work. 

■wrought-iroix ('i-ern), n. malleable 



iron; iron capable of being welded. 

wrung, p.t. & p.p. of wring. 

wry (ri), adj. distorted; twisted; 
turned to one side ; perverted ; false ; 
showing distaste, disgust, impa- 
tience, &c. 

wryly ( 'li ) , adv. in a wry manner. 

wryneck ( 'nek ), n. a. migratory bird, 
allied to the woodpecker : a distorted 
neck. 

wryness ('nes), n. the state or qual- 
ity of being wry or distorted. 
^ wych. (wich), n. a brine pit. 
' wycli-elni ('elm) , n. a species of elm. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, ^^en. 




santbein (zan'the-in), n. the yellow 
coloring matter of certain plants and 
flowers ; a whitish powder, allied to 
uric acid, obtained from urine or 
guano. Also xanthin. 

santhic ('thik), adj. tending to a 
yellow color. 

santMc acid (as'id), n. a heavy, 
colorless, oily liquid consisting of bi- 
sulphuret of carbon, water, and an 
oxide of ethyl. 

Xanthippe (zan-tip'e), n. a scolding 
woman : from the termagant wife of 
Socrates. 

santho, a prefiiff, meaning yellow, as 
wanthocarpoxis : adj. having yellow 
fruit. 

santhophyll ('tho-fil), n. the yellow 
coloring matter of withering leaves. 

xanthous ('thus), adj. yellow; not- 
ing races having brown, flaxen, or 
red hair and blue eyes. 

xebec (ze'bek), n. a small three- 
masted vessel with lateen and square 
sails. 

senium (ze'ni-um), n. in ancient 
Greece, a present given to a guest 
or foreign ambassador. 

seno, a prefiae, meaning a stranger, as 
ipewogenesis, heterogenesis. 

xenon (ze'non), n. a newly discov- 
ered gas, associated with argon. 

xerasia (ze-ra'si-a), n. a disease of 
the scalp, characterized by dryness. 

xeres (zer'es), n, sherry. 

xeroderma (ze-ro-der'ma), n. a dis- 
ease of the skin characterized by 
dryness. 

xerophthalmia (-rof-thal'mi-a), n, 
abnormal dryness of the eyeball, ac- 
companied by redness and irritation. 



xiphoid (zl'foid), adj. sword-shaped. 

X-rays (eks'raz), the Roentgen rays. 

xylene (zi'len), n. a colorless oily 
liquid found in coal and wood tar. 
Also xylol. 

xylite ('lit), n. a kind of asbestos. 

xylo, a prefix, meaning wood. 

xylobalsamum (zi-lo-bal'sa-mum), 
n. a balsam obtained from the dried 
wood of the balsam-tree. 

xylogen ('lo-jen), n. lignin. 

xylograph ('lo-grif), n. an engrav- 
ing on wood; an impression from 
such an engraving. 

xylographic (-graf'ik), adj. pertain- 
ing to xylography or wood engrav- 
ing. 

xylography (-log'ra-fi), n. the art of 
process of making prints from the 
natural grain of wood ; a kind of 
decorative painting on wood. 

xyloid (zi'loid), adj. like wood. 

xyloidiu (-loid'in), n. an explosive 
compound produced by the action of 
nitric acid on starch. 

xylol, same as xylene. 

xylonite ('lo-nit), n. a kind of com- 
pressed gun-cotton, resembling ivory, 
used for making various articles, as 
combs, &c. 

xylophone ('lo-fon), n. a musical in- 
strument consisting of a graduated 
series of wooden bars, and sounded t 
by means of small wooden hammers. 

Xyris (zi'ris), n. a genus of tropical 
sedge-like plants. 

xyster (zis'ter), n. a surgical instru- 
ment for scraping bones. 

xystos ('tos), n. a long covered por- 
tico for athletic exercises. Also 
xystus. 



ate, arm, dsk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 

870 




yacare (yak'a-ra), n. a South Amer- 
ican crocodile. 

yacca-'wood ('a-wood), n, the wood 
of a tree of Jamaica, used for cabi- 
net-work. 

yaclit (yot), n. a light, and quick- 
sailing vessel used for pleasure or 
racing : v.i. to sail or cruise about 
•in a yacht. 

yachting ('ing), adj. pertaining to a 
yacht : n. the practice of sailing a 
yacht. 

yachtsman (yots'man), n. [pi. 
yachtsmen ('men)], the owner or 
sailer of a yacht. 

yager, same as jager. 

yahoo (ya-hoo'), n. a savage: from 
the race of brutes in Gulliver s 
Travels. 

yak (yak), n. a kind of ox. 

yak-lace ('las), n. a coarse lace. 

yaksha ('sha), n. a Hindu gnome. 

yam (yam), n. a large edible tuber of 
various climbing plants of the genus 
Dioscorea. 

yank (yangk), v.t. to jerk or twist: 
v.i. to work cleverly and pushingly : 
n. a jerk or twist. 

ITankee ('e), n. the popular name of 
New England Americans : used gen- 
erally for_ citizens of the United 
States : adj. pertaining to, or charac- 
teristic of, citizens of the United 
States. 

Yankee-Boodle (-doo'dl), n. a pop- 
ular melody of the United States. 

ITankeeism (-izm), n. a Yankee id- 
iom, practice, or custom. 

yanking ('ing), adj. active; pushing. 

yanolite (yan'o-lit), n. a kind of gar- 
net. 

yaourt (yourt), n. a fermented liquor 



prepared from milk, similar to kou- 
miss. 

yap (yap), v.i. [p.t. & p.p. yapped, 
p.pr. yapping], to yelp or bark, as a 
dog : n. a yelp or bark. 

yapock (yap'uk), n. a South Ameri- 
can aquatic opossum. 

yapon (yaw'pun), n. a kind of holly, 
the leaves of which are used as tea. 
South Sea tea. 

yard (yard), n. a standard measure 
of length = 3 f t. ; a long piece of 
timber on a mast for spreading 
square sails ; an enclosure adjoining 
or attached to a house, or where 
some manufacture is carried on. 

yarn (yarn), n. spun thread; one of 
the threads of a rope ; a sailor's 
story, especially one of doubtful ve- 
racity : v.i. to tell a story. 

yataghan (yat'a-gan), n. a dagger- 
like, double-curved saber. 

yaup (yawp), n. the blue titmouse. 

yaw (yaw), v.i. to steer wildly; devi- 
ate from the right course : said of a 
ship ; rise in blisters or white froth. 

yawl (yawl), n. a light, decked, two- 
masted boat ; jolly-boat : v.i. to howl. 

yawn (yawn), n. an involuntary open- 
ing of the jaws through drowsiness, 
&c, : v.i. to gape involuntarily. 

yawning ('ing), adj. gaping; drowsy. 

yawp (yawp), same as yelp. 

yclad (e-klad), adj. clothed. 

yeleped ('klept), adj. called. Also 
yclept. 

ye (ye), pron. ; nom. pi. of thou. 

yea (ya), adv. yes; truly. 

yean (yen), v.t. & v.i. to lamb. 

yeanling ('ling), n. a lamb. 

year (yer), n. the period during whicb 
the earth makes one complete revolu- 



ate, firm, ftsk, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nCrth, not; boon* 
book; hue, hut; think, *i^en. 

871 



yea 



872 



you 



tion round the sun (365% days) : pi. 
age; old age. 

yearn (yern> v.i. to feel an earnest 
desire; be filled with eager longing 
or desire. 

yeast (yest), n. the barm or ferment 
of beer or other liquor in fermenta- 
tion ; froth ; any preparation for 
raising dough. 

yeastiness ('i-nes), n. the state or 
quality of being yeasty. 

yeasty ('i), adj. pertaining to, like, 
or containing, yeast. 

yelk, same as yolk. 

yell (yel), n. a sharp, discordant cry, 
as of agony : v.t. to scream : v.i. to 
utter a sharp, discordant cry. 

yellow ('o), adj. of a bright, pure 
color resembling gold ; jaundiced. 

yellowish ('ish), adj. somewhat yel- 
low. 

yelp (yelp), v.i. to utter a sharp 
bark : n. a sharp bark. 

yeoman (yo'man), n. [pi. yeomen 
('men)], in England, a man pos- 
sessed of a small landed estate ; 
farmer ; freeholder ; an officer of the 
Royal household ; in the United 
States navy, a petty officer in charge 
of stores. 

yeomanry (-ri), n. yeomen collective- 
ly ; volunteer cavalry. 

yerba (yer'ba), n. Paraguay tea. 

yerk (yerk), v.t. to jerk; thrust sud- 
denly; lash [Scotch]: v.i. to kick: 
n. a sudden, smart thrust. 

yes (yes), adv. yea: opposed to no. 

yesterday ('ter-da), n. the day last 
past ; recent time : adv. on the day 
last past. 

yet (yet), udv.^ in addition; still; 
moreover : conj. nevertheless ; how- 
ever. 

yew (yoo), n. a large evergreen tree 
of the genus Taxus : adj. pertaining 
to yew trees. 

yewen ('en), adj. made of yew. 

Yiddish (yid'ish), n. a kind of com- 
posite language spoken by foreign 
^Jews in England. 

yield ije\d),v.t. to submit; produce; 
concede : v.i. to assent ; comply ; give 
way ; cease opposition ; give a return 
^or produce: n. product; return. 

yielder ('er), n. one who yields. 

yielding ('ing), adj. inclined to give 



way or comply ; accommodating : n, 
the act of producing ; submission ; 
compliance. 

yl, a suffix, meaning hasis : used as a 
characteristic termination of chemi- 
cal radicals. 

Y-level (wi'lev-el), n. an instrument 
for measuring heights and distances, 

yodel, same as jodel. 

yojan Cjan), n. in the East Indies, a 
measure of length = 5 miles. 

yoke (yok), n. a piece of hollowed 
timber for connecting two draught 
oxen together ; a frame of wood fitted 
to a person's shoulders for carrying 
a pail, &c., suspended to each end; 
bond, tie, or link ; pair or couple ; 
service; mark of slavery; bar at- 
tached to the rudder-head to which 
the steering lines are fastened : v.t, 
to join together ; couple ; place a 
yoke upon ; enslave ; confine. 

yokel (yo'kl), n. a rustic. 

yolk (yok), n. yellow part of an egg; 
vitellus, the oily secretion from the 
skin of a sheep which renders the 
wool soft and pliable. 

yonder (yon'der), adj. at a distance, 
but in view : adj. being at a distance, 
but in view. Also yon. 

yore (yor), adv. in old time; long ago. 

you (u) , pron. nom. & oJ)j. pi. of thou : 
now used for thou and thee. 

young (yung), adj. being in the early 
part of life or growth; inexperi- 
enced ; not matured ; raw ; vigorous ; 
fresh ; pertaining to youth ; of youth- 
ful appearance: n. offspring collec- 
tively. 

youngish ('ish) , adj. somewhat young, 

youngster ('ster), n. a young per- 
son ; lad. 

younker ('ker), n. a young fellow; 
stripling. 

your (yoor), pron. poss. pi. of thou or 
you. Also yours. 

yourself (-self), pron. [pi. your- 
selves (-selvz')], you in your own 
person. 

yourts (yoorts), n. the underground 
dwellings of the Eskimo. 

youth (yooth), n. [pi. youths 
(yooths)], early life; a young per- 
son ; young persons collectively ; 
condition of being young. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit; note, nOrth, not; boon, 
book; hue, hut; think, *^en. 



yon 



873 



yvl 



youtlif-iil ('fool), adj. pertaining to 
youth or the early part of life; 
fresh ; vigorous. 

youthfully (-i), adv. in a youthful 
manner. 

yowl (youl), n. a howl: v.i. to howl 
or yell. 

yttria (it'ri-a), n. the oxide of yttri- 
um. 

yttrium ('ri-um), n. the metallic 
base of yttria. 

yttrocerite (-ro-se'rit), n, a mineral 
of violet-blue color. 



yucca (yuk'a) , n. a sub-tropical Amer- 
ican plant characterized by its stiff 
lanceolate leaves ; Adam's needle. 

yufts (yufts), n, a kind of Russian 
leather. 

yulau. (yoo'lan), n. a species of mag- 
nolia with snow-white flowers. 

Yule (yool), n. Christmas. 

Yule-log ('log), n. a large block of 
wood formerly put upon the heartk 
on Christmas eve to form the basie 
of the Christmas fire. 

Yule-tide ('tid), n. Christmastide. 



%te, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, ndrth, Dot ; boon^ 
bool^,; hue, but; think, th&n. 




laffre (zaf'er), n. impure oxide of co- 
balt, of an intensely blue color, used 
in enameling, pottery, &c. Also zaf- 
fer. 

caiiu (za'im), n» a Turkish military 
chief. 

zazuang (za-mang'), n. a huge legu- 
minous tree, the sweet pulpy pods of 
which are used for feeding cattle. 

zamouse (za-moos'), n. a West Afri- 
can buffalo, with hair-fringed ears 
and without a dewlap. 

zany (za'ni), n. a buffoon; merry- 
andrew. 

zaptiah (zap'ti-a), ^^<, a Turkish po- 
liceman. 

zealot (zerot), n. an enthusiast; fa- 
natic. 

Zealot, n. one of a fanatical sect of 
Jews which carried on a desperate 
struggle with the Romans until the 
fall of Jerusalem (70 A. D. ) . 

zealous ('us), adj. ardent in the pur- 
suit of an object ; enthusiastic. 

zebec, same as xebec. 

zebra (ze'bra), n. a wild animal of 
Africa of the genus Equus, with 
black and white stripes ; a wood 
much used in cabinet-making. 

zebu Cbu), n. the Indian ox or cow, 
with long pendulous ears, and large 
prominent hump on the shoulders. 

zecbsteiu (zek'stln), n. magnesium 
limestone. 

zenana (ze-na-na), n. in India, that 
part of a house reserved exclusively 
for women. Also zanana. 

Zend (zend), n. the Iranian language 
of ancient Persia. 

Zend-Avesta (-a-ves'ta), n. the sa- 
cred writings of the Zoroastrians, 
ascribed to Zoroaster. 



zendik ('dik), n. in the East, a name 
for an unbeliever. 

zenith, (ze'nith), n. the point in the 
heavens directly over the head of the 
spectator; greatest height. 

zeolite (ze'o-lit), n. an extensive 
group of minerals, consisting of hy- 
drated silicates : so called from their 
frothing when under the blowpipe. 

zephyr (zef'er), n. the west wind; 
soft, gentle breeze. 

zero (ze'ro), n. a cipher; nothing; 
neutral point (°) between any as- 
cending or descending scale or series. 

zest (zest), n. ralish; keen enjoyment. 

zeugma (ztig'ma), n. a figure in 
grammar by which a verb, adjective, 
or other part of speech, relating to 
one noun is referred to another. 

Zi£ (zif), n. the second month of the 
Jewish ecclesiastical year (part of 
May- June) and eighth of the civil 
year. 

zigzag (zig'zag), adj. having short, 
sharp turns : n. something with 
short, sharp turns. 

zimb (zimb), n. a dipterous insect re- 
sembling the tsetse. 

zinc (zingk), n. a bluish-white metal. 

zincic (zin'sik), adj. pertaining to, or 
containing, zinc. Also zincky, zinky, 
zinckic. 

zincode (zingk'od), n. the negative 
pole of a voltaic battery. 

zincograph ('6-graf), n. an impres- 
sion from a zinc plate. 

zincography (-og'ra-fi), n. the art of 
drawing upon, or printing from, zinc 
plates. 

zincoid ('oid), adj. zinc-like. 

zingel (zing'el), n. a perch found in 
the Danube. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, ifTien. 



874 



Bin 



875 



ainkenite (zingk'en-it), w. a steel- 
grey mineral, a sulphide of antimony 
and lead. 

Zion (zl'un), n. a hill in Jerusalem, 
the royal residence of King David 
and his successors : hence the Church 
of God. 

Zionism (-izm), w. a project for the 
reestablishment of the Jews as a na- 
tion in Palestine. 

zircon (zer'kon), n, a heavy, hard, 
sparkling mineral. 

zirconia (-ko'ni-a), n, the oxide of 
zirconium. 

zirconium ('ni-um), n, a rare metal- 
lic element. 

zither (zith'er), n. a stringed musical 
instrument, consisting of a sounding 
box and 28 to 31 strings. 

zoanthropy (z6-an'thr6-pi), w. a kind 
of mania, in which the patient be- 
lieves himself to be transformed into 
an animal. 

zobo ('bo), n. an ox-like animal of In- 
dia. Also zobu. 

zodiac ('di-ak) , n. an imaginary broad 
belt in the heavens, containing the 
12 constellations or signs of the zo- 
diac which the sun traverses annu- 
ally. 

zodiacal (-di'a-kal), adj. pertaining 
to, or situated within, the zodiac. 

zodiacal light (lit), n. a luminous 
tract of the sky of triangular shape, 
its base being on the horizon : seen 
in the evening at twilight, and be- 
fore dawn. 

zoetrope ('e-trop), n. an optical in- 
strument by means of which figures, 
&c., on a circular card appear to 
be in active motion when viewed 
through slots in the upper side. 

zofra ('fra), n. a Moorish carpet. 

Zolaism ('la-izm), n. excessive real- 
ism in the literary treatment of the 
worse side of human life or nature : 
from Emile Zola, the French realis- 
tic novelist. 

zoUverein (tsol'fer-in), n. the Ger- 
man customs union, formed 1827 and 
further extended in 1867 to establish 
uniform rates ; a customs union. 

zonal (zo'nal), adj. pertaining to, or 
formed of, a zone oi- zones. 

zone (zon), n. one of the 5 great belts 
into which the surface of the earth 



is divided with respect to latitude 
and temperature; that belt or dis- 
trict within which certain animal or 
plant forms of life are confined; a 
girdle or belt : v.t. to encircle with, 
or as with, a zone. 

zoned (zond), n. wearing a belt or 
girdle ; having zones ; striped. 

zoo, a prefix meaning animal, as sod' 
chemistry, animal chemistry. 

zoo (zoo), n. a park or other large in- 
closure in which live animals are 
kept for public exhibition; zoolog- 
ical garden. 

zoogeography (z6-o-je-og'ra-fi), «-. 
the study of the geographical dis- 
tribution of animals. 

zoogeographical (-o-graf'i-kal), adj, 
pertaining to zoogeography. 

zoogloea (-o-gle'a), n. a mass of bac- 
teria inclosed in a viscous, gelatinoua 
substance. 

zoographic (-gTkt'ik),adj. pertaining 
to zoography. 

ZOography (-og'ra-fi), n. the descrip- 
tion of animals, their forms and 
habits. 

zooid ('old), n. an animal in one of 
its inferior stages of development ; 
an individual of a compound or co- 
lonial animal organization. 

zoolatry (-ol'a-tri), n. animal-wor« 
ship. 

zoological (-o-loj'i-kal), adj. pertain^ 
ing to zoology. 

zoologically (-i), adv. according to 
the principles of zoology. 

zoologist (-ol'o-jist), n. one skilled in 
zoology. 

zoology (-oro-ji), n. that part of bi- 
ology that treats of animals, their 
structure, classification, habits, and 
distribution. 

zoomorphism (-m6r'fizm) , n. the rep- 
resentation of a deity in the form, 
or with the attributes, of an animal. 

zoon ('on), n. an animal which is the 
sole product of a single ovum. 

zoophilist (-of'i-list), n. a lover of 
animals. 

zebphysiology (-o-fiz-i-ol'o-gi), n. 
physiology of the lower animals. 

zoophyte ('6-fit) , n. an animal of low 
organization, bearing some external 
resemblance to a plant. 



ate, arm, ask, at, awl ; me, merge, met ; mite, mit ; note, north, not ; boon, 
book ; hue, hut ; think, then. 



876 



zyt 



zosperm ('o-sperm), n, the male 

seed-cell. 

zoospore ('6-spor), n. the active 
spores of certain algse endowed with 
motion by means of ciliated processes. 

zootomist (-ot'o-mist), n. a compara- 
tive anatomist. 

xootomy ('6-mi), n. the dissection or 
anatomy of animals. 

zorilla (zo-ril'a), n. a kind of skunk. 

Zoroastrian. (-ro-as'tri-an), adj. per- 
taining to Zoroaster, the reputed 
founder of the Parsi religion, or to 
his doctrines. 

Zoroastrianism (-izm), n. the reli- 
gious system, contained in the Zend- 
Avesta, said to have been founded by 
Zoroaster, the legislator and prophet 
of ancient Persia. 

xouave (zoo-av'), n. a soldier of a 
light infantry corps of the French 
army, wearing an Arab dress. 

zuclietto ( tsoo-kat'o ) , n. a skull-cap 
covering the tonsure and worn under 
the biretta^_ Also zuchetta. 

Zulu (zoo'loo), n. one of a warlike 
tribe of Kaffirs, north of Natal. 

zumbooruk (zum'boo-ruk) , n. a small 
swivel cannon fired from the back of 
a camel. 

Zuni (zoo'nye), n. one of a tribe of 
Pueblo Indians of New Mexico. 

eygoma (zi-go'ma), w. the cheek-bone. 

cyme (zim), n. the germ supposed to 
be the poisonous cause of zymotic 



zymic (zim'ik), adj, produced by fer- 
mentation. 

zymogen (zi'mo-jen), n. any sub- 
stance that by internal changes gives 
rise to a ferment. Also zymogene. 

zymologist (-mol'o-jist), n. one 
skilled in zymology. 

zymology ('o-ji), n. the doctrine of 
fermentation. Also zumology. 

zymometer (-mom'e-ter), n. an in- 
strument for ascertaining the degree 
of fermentation in different liquids. 
Zymosimeter. 

zymophyte (z^'mo-fit),7^. a bacteroid 
ferment. 

zymosis (zi-mo'sis), n, B. fermenta- 
tion. 

zymotic (-mot'ik), adj. producing fer- 
mentation, or a disease in which a 
virus works through the body like a 
ferment, as cholera. 

zymotic diseases (dis'ez-ez), n. a 
class of contagious or epidemic dis- 
eases, supposed to be produced by a 
virus or organism which acts like a 
ferment. 

zymoticcally (-al-i), adv. in a 
zymotic manner. 

zym.urgy (zi'mer-ji), n. that branch 
of industrial chemistry which deals 
with the processes of fermentation 
in brewing, wine-making, &c. 

zytbum. ('thum), n. an ancient bev- 
erage made from malt and wheat. 



Ste, arm, ask, at, awl; me, merge, met; mite, mit: note, nSrth, not; bo5n, 
book; hue, hut; think, then^ 



Treasury of Facts 



SUPPLEMENTARY TO 



DICTIONARY 



Containing much valuable information 

often in demand, but not usually 

found in a single collection 



FOR TABLE OF CONTENTS SEE NEXT PAGE 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 



Pagb 
Christian Names of Men, ....... 906 

Christian Names of Women, . . . • • • 911 

Constitution of the United States of America, . • . .931 

Decisive Battles ....,,»'. 948 

Declaration of Independence, . , ^ • 4 . 928 

Dictionary of Commercial and Legal Terms, • • • . 949 

Electoral Vote in 1908, ..«•..•• 943 

Facts About the Earth, ....••• 927 

Familiar Allusions, .,.,..• 966 

Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose , , • . . 988 

Foreign Words, Phrases, Proverbs, Quotations, etc., . . • 915 

Language of the Flowers, . . . » , • • 946 

Metric System of Weights and Measures, , =, , • .941 

Presidents of the United States, . , = • • -945 

States, Names of, their Origin and Meaning, . « • • Q47 

Synonyms and Antonyms, ..,•••- 879 

Time Difference, . ...,.•- 943 

Treasury of Facts, ... . , • • 

U. S. Census, 1910, ........ looi 

Value of Foreign Coins in U. S. Money, . . . . . 942 

Weather Forecasts, ........ 944 

878 



SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS 



OvEB Eleven Thousand Words of Similab 
AND Contrary Meaning 



A COLLECTION of Synonyms and 
Antonyms is one of the most de- 
sirable aids in epistolary and literary 
composition, to facilitate the expres- 
sion of ideas. In its vocabulary are 
found along with a word expressing a 
definite idea, Synonyms, or words of 
similar meaning, by which that idea 
may be repeated and aptly expressed, 
without tautology, and also Anto- 
nyms, or words of opposite meaning, 
which as antithesis or contrast, afford 
one of the strongest figures of speech. 

To embody in exact and appropriate 
expression the various trains of ideas 
that pass through the mind, or to de- 
pict in true colors and proportions, the 
diversified and nicer shades of feeling 
which accompany them, a Synonym 
or Antonym often saves the cost of a 
clumsy paraphase, spares the labor of 
a tortuous circumlocution, and while 
adding a graceful facility of diction to 
the composition, frequently opens up a 
whole vista of collateral ideas. 

The following collection of Syno- 
nyms and Antonyms, while not ex- 
haustive, is comprehensive, and by 
cross-reference will answer most re- 
quirements. 



abandon, leave, forsake, desert, re- 
nounce, relinquish, quit, forego, let 
go, waive. (Keep, cherish.) 

abandoned, deserted, forsaken, wick- 
ed, reprobate, dissolute, profligate, 
flagitious, corrupt, depraved, vicious, 
(Cared for, virtuous.) 

abandonment, leaving, desertion, 
dereliction, renunciation, 'defection. 

abasement, degradation, fall, degen- 
eracy, humiliation, abjection, debase- 
ment, servility. (Honor.) 



879 



abash., bewilder, disconcert, discom- 
pose, confound, confuse, shame. 
(Embolden.) 

abbreviate, shorten abridge, curtail, 
contract, condense, reduce. (Extend.) 

abdicate, give up, resign, renounce, 
abandon, forsake, relinquish, quit, 
forego. 

abet, help, encourage, instigate, in- 
cite, stimulate, aid, assist. (Resist.) 

abettor, assistant, accessory, accom- 
plice, promoter, instigator, particeps 
criminis, coadjutor, associate, com- 
panion, co-operator. (Opponent.) 

abhor, dislike intensely, view with 
horror, hate, detest, abominate, 
loathe, nauseate. (Love.) 

ability, capability, talent, faculty, 
capacity, qualification, aptitude, apt- 
ness, expertness, skill, efficiency, ac- 
complishment, attainment. ( Incom- 
petency.) 

abject, groveling, low, mean, base, ig- 
noble, worthless, despicable, servile, 
vile, contemptible. (Noble.) 

abjure, recant, forswear, disclaim, 
recall, revoke, retract, renounce. 
(Maintain.) 

able, strong, powerful, muscular, stal- 
wart, vigorous, athletic, robust, 
brawny, skillful, adroit, competent, 
efiicient, capable, clever, self-quali- 
fied, telling, fitted. (Weak.) 

abode, residence, habitation, dwelling, 
domicile, home, quarters, lodging. 

abolish, quash, destroy, revoke, abro- 
gate, annul, cancel, annihilate, ex- 
tinguish, vitiate, invalidate, nullify. 
(Establish, enforce.) 

abominable, hateful, detestable, odi- 
ous, vile, execrable. (Lovable.) 

abortive, fruitless, ineffectual, idle, 
inoperative, vain, futile. (Effect- 
ual.) 

about, concerning, regarding, relative 
to, with regard to, as to, respecting, 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



with respect to, referring to, around, 
nearly, approximately. 

abscond, run off, steal away, decamp, 
bolt. 

absent, a., inattentive, abstracted, not 
attending to, listless, dreamy. (Pres- 
ent.) 

absolute, entire, complete, uncondi- 
tional, unqualified, unrestricted, des- 
potic, arbitrary, tyrannous, impera- 
tive, authoritative, imperious. (Lim- 
ited. ) 

absorb, engross, swallow up, engulf, 
imbibe, consume, merge. (Eject.) 

absurd, silly, foolish, preposterous, 
ridiculous irrational, unreasonable, 
nonsensical, inconsistent. (Wise, 
solemn. ) 

abuse, v., asperse, revile, vilify, re- 
proach, calumniate, defame, slander, 
scandalize, malign, traduce, dispar- 
age, depreciate, ill-use. ( Praise, pro- 
tect.) 

abuse, n., scurrility, ribaldry, con- 
tumely, obloquy, opprobrium, foul 
invective, vituperation, ill-usage. 
(Praise, protection.) 

accede, assent to, consent, acquiesce, 
comply with, agree, coincide, concur, 
approve. (Protest.) 

accelerate, hasten, hurry, expedite, 
forward, quicken, despatch. (Re- 
tard. ) 

accept, receive, take, admit. (Re- 
fuse.) 

acceptable, agreeable, pleasing, grat- 
ifying, pleasurable, welcome. (Dis- 
pleasing.) 

accident, casualty, incident, contin- 
gency, adventure, chance. 

accommodate, serve, oblige, adapt, 
adjust, fit, suit. (Disoblige, impede.) 

accomplice, confederate, accessory, 
abettor, coadjutor, assistant, ally, 
associate, particeps criminis. (Ad- 
versary.) 

accomplisb, do, effect, finish, exe- 
cute, achieve, complete, perfect, con- 
summate. (Fail.) 

accomplisbment, attainment, qual- 
ification, acquirement. (Defect.) 

accord, grant, allow, admit, concede. 
(Deny.) 

accost, salute, address, speak to, stop, 
greet. 

account, narrative, description, nar- 
ration, relation, detail, recital, mon- 
eys, reckoning, bill, charge. 

accountable, punishable, answerable, 
amenable, responsible, liable. 



accumulate, bring together, amass, 
collect, gather. (Scatter, dissipate.) 

accumulation, collection, store^ 
mass, congeries, concentration. 

accurate, correct, exact, precise, 
nice, truthful. (Erroneous, care- 
less.) 

achieve, do, accomplish, effect, fulfill, 
execute, gain, win. 

achievement, feat, exploit, accom^ 
plishment, attainment, performance, 
acquirement, gain. (Failure.) 

acknowledge, admit, confess, own, 
avow, grant, recognize, allow, con- 
cede. ( Deny. ) 

acquaint, inform, enlighten, apprise, 
make aware, make known, notify, 
communicate. ( Deceive. ) 

acquaintance, familiarity, intimacy, 
cognizance, fellowship, companion- 
ship, knowledge. (Unfamiliarity.) 

acquiesce, agree, accede, assent, com- 
ply, consent, give way, coincide with. 
(Protest.) 

acquit, pardon, forgive, discharge, set 
free, clear, absolve. (Condemn, con- 
vict. ) 

act, do, operate, make, perform, play, 
enact. 

action, deed, achievement, feat, ex- 
ploit, accomplishment, battle, en- 
gagement, agency, instrumentality. 

active, lively, sprightly, alert, agile, 
nimble, brisk, quick, supple, prompt, 
vigilant, laborious, industrious. 
(Lazy, passive.) 

actual, real, positive, genuine, cer- 
tain. (Fictitious.) 

acute, shrewd, intelligent, penetrat- 
ing, piercing, keen. (Dull.) 

adapt, accommodate, suit, fit, con- 
form. 

addicted, devoted, wedded, attached, 
given up to, dedicated. 

addition, increase, accession, aug- 
mentation, reinforcement. (Subtrac- 
tion, separation.) 

address, speech, discourse, appeal, 
oration, tact, skill, ability, dexter- 
ity, deportment, demeanor. 

adhesion, adherence, attachment, fi- 
delity, devotion. (Aloofness.) 

adjacent, near to, adjoining, contig- 
uous, conterminous, bordering, neigh- 
boring. ( Distant. ) 

adjourn, defer, prorogue, postpone. 

adjunct, appendage, appurtenance, 
appendency, dependency. 

adjust, set right, fit, accommodate. 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



adapt, arrange, settle, regulate, or- 
ganize. (Confuse.) 

admirable, striking, surprising, won- 
derful, astonishing. (Detestable.) 

admit, allow, permit, suffer, tolerate. 
(Deny.) 

advantageous, beneficial. (Hurt- 
ful.) 

ail'ection, love. (Aversion.) 

aifectionate, fond, kind. (Harsh.) 

agreeable, pleasant, pleasing, charm- 
ing. (Disagreeable.) 

alternating, intermittent. (Contin- 
ual.) 

ambassador, envoy, plenipotentiary, 
minister. 

amend, improve, correct, better, mend. 
(Impair.) 

anger, ire, wrath, indignation, resent- 
ment. (Good nature.) 

appropriate, assume, ascribe, arro- 
gate, usurp. 

argue, debate, dispute, reason upon. 

arise, flow, emanate, spring, proceed, 
rise, issue. 

artful, disingenuous, sly, tricky, in- 
sincere. (Candid.) 

artifice, trick, stratagem, finesse. 

association, combination, company, 
partnership, society. 

attack, assail, assault, encounter. 
(Defond.) 

audacity, boldness, effrontery, hardi- 
hood. ( Meekness. ) 

uustere, rigid, rigorous, severe, stern. 
(Dissolute.) 

avaricious, niggardly, miserly, parsi- 
monious. ( Generous. ) 

aversion, antipathy, dislike, hatred, 
repugnance. ( Affection. ) 

aive, dread, fear, reverence. (Famil- 
iarity.) 

awkward, clumsy. (Graceful.) 

axiom, adage, aphorism, apothegm, 
byword, maxim, proverb, saying, 



babble, chatter, prattle, prate. 

bad, wicked, evil. (Good.) 

baffle, confound, defeat, disconcert. 

(Aid, abet.) 
base, vile, mean. (Noble.) 
battle, action, combat, engagement. 
bear, carry, convey, transport. 
bear, endure, suffer, support. 
beastly, brutal, sensual, bestial. 
beat, defeat, overpower, overthrow, 

rout. 



beautiful, fine, handsome, pretty, 
(Homely, ugly.) 

becoming, decent, fit, seemly, suit- 
able. (Unbecoming.) 

beg, beseech, crave, entreat, implore, 
solicit, supplicate. (Give.) 

behavior, carriage, conduct, deport- 
ment, demeanor. 

belief, credit, faith, trust. (Doubt.) 

beneficent, bountiful, generous, libe- 
ral, munificent. (Covetous, miserly.) 

benefit, favor, advantage, kindness, 
civility. ( Injury. ) 

benevolence, beneficence, benignity, 
humanity, kindness, tenderness. 
(Malevolence.) 

blame, censure, condemn, reprove, 
reproach, upbraid. (Praise.) 

blemish, flaw, speck, spot, stain. (Or- 
nament. ) 

blind, sightless, heedless. (Far-sight- 
ed.) 

blot, cancel, efface, expunge, erase, 
obliterate. 

bold, brave, daring, fearless, intrepid, 
undaunted. (Timid.) 

border, brim, brink, edge, margin, 
rim, verge, boundary, confine, fron- 
tier. 

boTiind, circumscribe, confine, limit, 
restrict. 

brave, dare, defy. 

bravery, courage, valor. (Coward- 
ice.) 

break, bruise, crush, pound, squeeze. 

breeze, blast, gale, gust, hurricane, 
storm, tempest. 

bright, clear, radiant, shining. (Dull.) 

brittle, fragile, breakable. (Solid.) 

burial, interment, sepulture. (Res- 
urrection. ) 

business, avocation, employment, en- 
gagement, occupation, art, profes- 
sion, trade. 

bustle, stir, tumult, fuss. (Quiet.) 



calamity, disaster, misfortune, mis- 
chance, mishap. (Good fortune.) 

calm, collected, composed, placid, se- 
rene. (Stormy, unsettled.) 

capable, able, competent. (Incom- 
petent.) 

captious, fretful, cross, peevish, pet- 
ulant. (Good-natured.) 

care, anxiety, concern, solicitude 
heed, attention. (Heedlessness, neg- 
ligence.) 

caress, kiss, embrace. (Spurn, buf- 
fet.) 



Synonyms and AntonjmiS 



carnage, butchery, massacre, slaugh- 
ter. 

canse, motive, reason. (Effect, con- 
sequence.) 

cease, discontinue, leave off, end. 
(Continue.) 

censure, animadvert, criticise. 
( Praise. ) 

certain, secure, sure. (Doubtful.) 

cessation, intermission, rest, stop. 
( Continuance. ) 

chance, fate, fortune. (Design.) 

change, barter, exchange, substitute. 

changeable, fickle, inconstant, muta- 
ble, variable. (Unchangeable.) 

character, reputation, repute, stand- 
ing. 

charm, captivate, enchant, enrapture, 
fascinate. 

chastity, purity, continence, virtue. 
(Lewdness.) 

cheap, inexpensive, inferior, common. 
(Dear.) 

cheerful, gay, merry, sprightly. 
(Mournful.) 

chief, chieftain, head, leader. (Sub- 
ordinate.) 

circumstance, fact, incident. 

class, degree, order, rank. 

clear, bright, lucid, vivid. (Opaque.) 

clever, adroit, dexterous, expert, skill- 
ful. (Stupid.) 

clothed, clad, dressed. (Naked.) 

coarse, rude, rough, unpolished. 
(Fine.) 

coax, cajole, fawn, wheedle. 

cold, cool, frigid, wintry, unfeeling, 
stoical. (Warm.) 

color, dye, stain, tinge. 

colorable, ostensible, plausible, spe- 
cious. 

combination, cabal, conspiracy, plot. 

command, injunction, order, precept. 

comm.odity, goods, merchaDdise,ware. 

common, mean, ordinary, vulgar. 
(Uncommon, extraordinary.) 

compassion, sympathy, pity, clem- 
encv. (Cruelty, severity.) 

compel, force, oblige, necessitate. 
(Coax, lead.) 

compensation, amends, recompense, 
remuneration, requital, reward. 

compendium, compend, abridgment. 
(Enlargement.) 

complain, lament, murmur, regret, 
repine. (Rejoice.) 

comply, accede, conform, submit, 
yield. (Refuse.) 

compound, complex. (Simple.) 



comprehend, comprise, include, em- 
brace, grasp, understand, perceive. 
(Exclude, mistake.) 

comprise, comprehend, • contain, em- 
brace, include. 

conceal, hide, secrete. (Uncover.) 

conceive, comprehend, understand. 

conclusion, inference, deduction. 

condemn, censure, blame, disapprove. 
(Justify, exonerate.) 

conduct, direct, guide, lead, govern, 
regulate, manage. 

confirm, corroborate, approve, attest. 
( Contradict. ) 

conflict, combat, contest, contention, 
struggle. (Peace, quiet.) 

confute, disprove, refute, oppugn. 
(Approve.) 

conquer, overcome, subdue, surmount, 
vanquish. (Defeat.) 

conseauence, effect, event, issue, re- 
-^ic. c cause.) 

consider, reflect, ponder, weigh. 

consistent, , constant, compatible. 
(Inconsistent.) 

console, comfort, solace. (Harrow, 
worry, ) 

constancy, firmness, stability, stead- 
iness. (Fickleness.) 

contaminate, corrupt, defile, pollute, 
taint. 

contemn, despise, disdain, scorn. (Es- 
teem.) 

contemplate, meditate, ,muse. 

contemptible, despicable, paltry, 
pitiful, vile, mean. (Noble.) 

contend, contest, dispute, strive, 
struggle, combat. 

continual, constant, continuous, per- 
petual, incessant. (Intermittent.) 

continuance, continuation, duration. 
(Cessation.) 

continue, persist, persevere, pursue, 
prosecute, (Cease.) 

contradict, deny, gainsay, oppose. 
(Confirm.) 

cool, cold, frigid, (Hot.) 

correct, rectify, reform. 

cost, charge, expense, price. 

covetousness, avarice, cupidity. (Be- 
neficence.) 

cowardice, fear, timidity, pusillan- 
imity. ( Courage. ) 

crime, sin, vice, misdemeanor. (Vir- 
hie.) 

criminal, convict, culprit, felon, 
n^nlef actor, 

err -.ked, bent, curved, oblique. 
(.Straight.) 
882 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



cruel, barbarous, brutal, inhuman, 

savage. (Kind.) 
cultivation, culture, refinement. 
cursory, desultory, hasty, slight. 

(Thorough.) 
custom, fashion, manner, practice. 



danger, hazard, peril. (Safety.) 

dark, dismal, opaque, obscure, dim. 
(Light.) 

deadly, fatal, destructive, mortal. 

dear, beloved, precious, costly, expens- 
1 ive. (Despised, cheap.) 
i death, departure, decease, demise, 
i (Life.)- 

i decay, decline, consumption. (Growth) 
j deceive, delude, impose upon, over- 
j reach, gull, dupe, cheat. 

deceit, cheat, imposition, trick, delu- 
• sion, guile, beguilement, treachery, 
sham. (Truthfulness.) 

decide, determine, settle, adjudicate, 
! terminate, resolve. 

decipher, read, spell, interpret, solve. 

decision, determination, conclusion, 
resolution, firmness. (Vacillation.) 

declamation, oratory, elocution, ha- 
rangue, effusion, debate. 

declaration, avowal, manifestation, 
statement, profession. 

decrease, diminish, lessen, wane, de- 
cline, retrench, curtail, reduce. 
(Growth.) 

dedicate, devote, consecrate, offer, 
set, apportion. 

deed, act, action, commission, achieve- 
ment, instrument, document. 

deem, judge, estimate, consider, think, 
suppose, conceive. 

deep, profound, subterranean, sub- 
merged, designing, abstruse, learned. 
(Shallow.) 

deface, mar, spoil, injure, disfigure. 
(Beautify.) 

default, lapse, forfeit, omission, ab- 
sence, want, failure. 

defect, imperfection, flaw, fault, blem- 
ish. (Beauty, improvement.) 

defend, guard, protect, justify. 

defense, excuso, plea, vindication, 
bulwark, rampart. 
. defer, delay, postpone, put off, pro- 
rogue, adjourn. (Force, expedite.) 

deficient, short, wanting, inadequate, 
scanty, incomplete. (Complete.) 

defile, v., pollute, corrupt, sully. 
(Beautify.) 



define, fix, settle, determine, limit. 

defray, meet, liquidate, pay, disk 
charge. 

degree, grade, extent, measure. 

deliberate, v., consider, meditate, 
consult, ponder, debate. 

deliberate, a., purposed, intentional, 
designed, determined. (Hasty.) 

delicacy, nicety, dainty, refinement, 
tact, softness, modesty. (Boorish- 
ness, indelicacy.) 

delicate, tender, fragile, dainty, re- 
fined. (Coarse.) 

delicious, sweet, palatable. (Nau- 
seous.) 

delight, enjoyment, pleasure, happi- 
ness, transport, ecstasy, gladness, 
rapture, bliss. (Annoyance.) 

deliver, liberate, free, rescue, pro- 
nounce, give, hand over. (Retain.) 

demonstrate, prove, show, exhibit, 
illustrate. 

depart, leave, quit, decamp, retire, 
withdraw, vanish. (Remain.) 

deprive, strip, bereave, despoil, rob, 
divest. 

depute, appoint, commission, charge, 
intrust, delegate, authorize, accredit. 

derision, scorn, contempt, contumely, 
disrespect. 

derivation, origin, source, beginning, 
cause, etymology, root. 

describe, delineate, portray, explain, 
illustrate, define, picture. 

desecrate, profane, secularize, mis- 
use, abuse,, pollute. (Keep holy.) 

deserve, merit, earn, justify, win. 

design, n., delineation, sketch, draw- 
ing, cunning, artfulness, contrivance. 

desirable, expedient, advisable, valu- 
able, acceptable, proper, judicious, 
beneficial, profitable, good. 

desire, n., longing, affection, craving. 

desist, cease, stop, discontinue, drop, 
abstain, forbear. (Continue, per- 
severe. ) 

desolate, bereaved, forlorn, forsaken, 
deserted, wild, waste, bare, bleak, 
lonely. (Pleasant, happy.) 

desperate, wild, daring, audacious, 
determined, reckless. 

despised, degraded, worthless. (Ad- 
mired.) 

destiny, fate, decree, doom, end. 

destructive, detrimental, hurtful, 
noxious, injurious, deleterious, bale- 
ful, baneful, subversive. (Creative.) 

desuetude, disuse, discontinuance. 
(Maintenance.) 






Synonyms and Antonyms 



desultory, rambling, discursive, loose, 
unmethodical, superficial, unsettled, 
erratic, fitful. (Thorough.) 

detail, n., particular, specification, 
minutiae. 

detail, v., particularize, enumerate, 
specify. ( Generalize. ) 

deter, warn, stop, dissuade, terrify, 
scare. ( Encourage. ) 

detriment, loss, harm, injury, deter- 
ioration. (Benefit.) 

develop, unfold, amplify, expand, en- 
large. 

device, artifice, expedient, contriv- 
ance, 

devoid, void, wanting, destitute, un- 
endowed, unprovided. (Full, com- 
plete.) 

devoted, attached, fond, absorbed, 
dedicated. 

dictate, prompt, suggest, enjoin, or- 
der, command. 

dictatorial, imperative, imperious, 
domineering, arbitrary, tyrannical, 
overbearing. (Submissive.) 

die, expire, depart, perish, decline, 
^languish, wane, sink, fade, decay. 

diet, food, victuals, nourishment, nu- 
triment, sustenance, fare. 

difference, separation, disagreement, 
discord, dissent, estrangement, vari- 
^ety. 

different, various, manifold, diverse, 
unlike, separate, distinct. (Similar.) 

difficult, hard, intricate, involved, 
perplexing, obscure, unmanageable. 
.(Easy.) 

diffuse, discursive, prolix, diluted, co- 
pious. 

dignify, aggrandize, elevate, invest, 
exalt, advance, promote, honor. (De- 
grade.) 

dilate, stretch, widen, expand, swell, 
^distend, enlarge, descant, expatiate. 

dilatory, tardy, procrastinating, be- 
hindhand, lagging, dawdling. 
(Prompt.) 

diligence, care, assiduity, attention, 
heed, industry. (Negligence.) 

diminisli, lessen, reduce, contract, 
^curtail, retrench. (Increase.) 

disability, unfitness, incapacity. 

discern, descry, observe, recognize, 
.see_. discriminate, separate, perceive. 

discipline, order, strictness, train- 
ing, coercion, punishment, organiza- 
tion. (Confusion, demoralization.) 

discover, make known, find, invent, 
contrive, expose, reveal. 



884 



discreditable, shameful, disgraceful, 
scandalous, disreputable. (Credit- 
able.) 

discreet, cautious, prudent, wary, ju- 
dicious. (Indiscreet.) 

discrepancy, disagreement, differ- 
ence, variance. (Agreement.) 

discrimination, acuteness, discern- 
ment, judgment, caution. 

disease, complaint, malady, disorder, 
ailment, sickness. 

disgrace, n., disrepute, reproach, dis- 
^honor, shame, odium. (Honor.) 

disgrace, v., debase, degrade, defame, 
discredit. ( Exalt. ) 

disgust, dislike, distaste, loathing, 
abomination, abhorrence. (Admira- 
tion.) 

dishonest, unjust, fraudulent, unfair, 
deceitful, cheating, deceptive, wrong- 
ful. (Honest.) 

dismay, v., terrify, frighten, scare, 
daunt, appal, dishearten. (Encour- 
age.) 

dismay, n., terror, dread, fear, fright. 
(Assurance.) 

dismiss, send off, discharge, discard, 
banish. (Retain.) 

dispel, scatter, drive away, disperse, 
dissipate. (Collect.) 

display, show, spread out, exhibit, 
expose. ( Hide. ) 

dispose, arrange, place, order, give, 
bestow. 

dispute, v., argue, contest, contend, 
question, impugn. (Assent.) 

dispute, n., argument, debate, con- 
troversy, quarrel, disagreement. 
(Harmony.) 

dissent, disagree, differ, vary. (As- 
sent. ) 

distinct, clear, plain, obvious, dif- 
ferent, separate. (Obscure, indis- 
tinct.) 

distinguisb, perceive, discern, mark 
out, divide, discriminate. 

distinguished, famous, glorious, far- 
famed, noted, illustrious, eminent, 
celebrated. (Obscure, unknown, or- 
dinary. ) 

distract, perplex, bewilder. (Calm, 
concentrate. ) 

distribute, allot, share, dispense, ap- 
portion, deal. (Collect.) 

disturb, derange, discompose, agitate, 
rouse, interrupt, confuse, trouble, 
annoy, vex, worry. (Pacify, quiet.) 

disuse, discontinuance, abolition, de- 
suetude. (Use.) 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



divide, part, separate, distribute, 
deal out, sever, sunder. 

divine, godlike, holy, heavenly, sac- 
red, a parson, clergyman, minister. 

do, effect, make, perform, accomplish, 
finished, transact. 

docile, tractable, teachable, com- 
pliant, tame. (Stubborn.) 

doctrine, tenet, article of belief, 
creed, dogma, teaching. 

doleful, dolorous, woebegone, rueful, 
dismal, piteous. (Joyous.) 

doom, n., sentence, verdict, judgment, 
fate, lot, destiny. 

doubt, n., uncertainty, suspense, hes- 
itation, scruple, ambiguity. (Cer- 
tainty. ) 

draw, pull, haul, drag, attract, inhale, 
sketch, describe. 

dread, n., fear, horror, terror, alarm, 
dismay, awe. (Boldness, assurance.) 

dreadful, fearful, frightful, shocking, 
awful, horrible, horrid, terrific. 

dress, n., clothing, attire, apparel, 
garments, costume, garb, livery. 

drift, purpose, meaning, scope, aim, 
tendency, direction. 

droll, funny, laughable, comic, whim- 
sical, queer, amusing. (Solemn.) 

drown, inundate, swamp, submerge, 
overwhelm, engulf. 

dry, a., arid, parched, lifeless, dull, te- 
dious, uninteresting, meagre. (Moist, 
interesting, succulent. ) 

due, owing to, attributable to, just, 
fair, proper, debt, right. 

dull, stupid, gloomy, sad, dismal, com- 
monplace. (Bright.) 

dunce, simpleton, fool, ninny, idiot. 
(Sage.) 

durable, lasting, permanent, abiding, 
continuing. ( Ephemeral, perishable. ) 

dwell, stay, stop, abide, sojourn, lin- 
ger, tarry. 

dwindle, pine, waste, diminish, de- 
crease, fall off. (Grow.) 



eager, hot, ardent, impassioned, for- 
ward, impatient. (Diffident.) 

earn, acquire, obtain, win, gain, 
achieve. 

earnest, a., ardent, serious, grave, sol- 
emn, warm. (Trifling,) 

earnest, n., pledge, pawn. 

ease, n., comfort, rest. (Worry.) 

ease, v., calm, alleviate,- allay, miti- 
gate, appease, assuage, pacify, dis- 
burden, rid. (Annoy, worry.) 



easy, light, comfortable, unconstrain- 
ed. (Difficult, hard.) 

eccentric, irregular, anomalous, sing- 
ular, odd, abnormal, wayward, partic- 
ular, strange. (Regular, ordinary.) 

economical, sparing, saving, provi- 
dent, thrifty, frugal, careful, nig- 
gardly. (Wasteful.) 

edge, border, brink, rim, brim, mar- 
gin, verge. 

efface, blot out, expunge, obliterate, 
wipe out, cancel, erase. >♦ 

effect, n., consequence, result, issue, 
event, execution, operation. 

effect, v., accomplish, fulfill, realize, 
achieve, execute, operate, complete. 

effective, efficient, operative, service- 
able. (Vain, ineffectual.) 

efficacy, efficiency, energy, agency, 
instrumentality. 

efficient, effectual, effective, compe- 
tent, capable, able, fitted. 

eliminate, drive out, expel, thrust 
out, eject, cast out, oust, dislodge, 
banish, proscribe. 

eloquence, oratory, rhetoric, declama- 
tion. 

elucidate, make plain, explain, clear 
up, illustrate. 

elude, evade, escape, avoid, shun. 

embarrass, perplex, entangle, dis- 
tress, trouble. (Assist.) 

embellish., adorn, decorate, bedeck, 
beautify, deck. (Disfigure.) 

embolden, inspirit, animate, encour- 
age, cheer, urge, impel, stimulate. 
( Discourage. ) 

eminent, distinguished, signal, con- 
spicuous, noted, prominent, elevated, 
renowned, famous, glorious, illustri- 
ous. (Obscure, unknown.) 

emit, give out, throw out, exhale, dis- 
charge, vent. 

emotion, perturbation, agitation, 
trepidation, tremor, mental conflict. 

employ, occupy, busy, take up with, 
engross. 

employment, business, avocation, en- 
gagement, office, function, trade, pro- 
fession, occupation, calling, voca- 
tion. 

encompass, v., encircle, surround, 
gird, beset. 

encounter, attack, conflict, combat, 
assault, onset, engagement, battle, 
action. 

encourage, countenance, sanction, 
support, foster, cherish, inspirit, em« 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



bolden, animate, cheer, incite, urge, 
impel, stimulate. (Deter.) 

end, n., aim, object, purpose, result, 
conclusion, upshot, close, expiration, 
termination extremity, sequel. 

endeavor, attempt, try, essay, strive, 
aim. 

endurance, continuation, duration, 
fortitude, patience, resignation. 

endure, v., last, continue, support, 
bear, sustain, suffer, brook, submit 
to, undergo. (Perish.) 

enemy, foe, antagonist, adversary, 
opponent. (Friend.) 

energetic, industrious, effectual, efl&- 
cacious, powerful, binding, stringent, 
forcible, nervous. (Lazy.) 

engage, employ, busy, occupy, at- 
tract, invite, allure, entertain, en- 
gross, take up, enlist. 

engross, absorb, take up, busy, oc- 
cupy, engage, monopolize. 

engulf, swallow up, absorb, imbibe, 
drown, submerge, bury, entomb, over- 
whelm. 

enjoin, order, ordain, appoint, pre- 
scribe. 

enjoyment, pleasure, gratification. 
(Grief, sorrow, sadness.) 

enlarge, increase, extend, augment, 
broaden, swell. (Diminish.) 

enlighten, illumine, illuminate, in- 
struct, inform. (Befog, becloud.) 

enliven, cheer, vivify, stir up, ani- 
mate, inspire, exhilarate. (Sadden, 
quiet.) 

enmity, animosity, hostility, ill-will, 
maliciousness. (Friendship.) 

enormous, gigantic, colossal, huge, 
vast, immense, prodigious. (Insig- 
nificant. ) 

enough, sufficient, plenty, abundance. 
(Want.) 

enraged, infuriated, raging, wrath- 
ful. (Pacified.) 

enrapture, enchant, fascinate, charm, 
captivate, bewitch. (Repel.) 

enroll, enlist, list, register, record. 

enterprise, undertaking, endeavor, 
venture, energy. 

enthusiasm, earnest, devotion, zeal, 
ardor,^ (Ennui, lukewarmness.) 

enthusiast, fanatic, visionary. 

equal, equable, even, like, alike, uni- 
form. (Unequal.) 

eradicate, root out, extirpate, exter- 
minate. 

erroneous, incorrect, inaccurate, in- 
exact. (Exact.) 



error, blunder, mistake. (Truth.) 

especially, chiefly, particularly, prin- 
cipally. (Generally.) 

essay, dissertation, tract, treatise. 

establish, build up, confirm. (Over- 
throw.) 

esteem, regard, respect, (Contempt.) 

estimate, appraise, appreciate, es- 
teem, compute, rate. 

estrangement, abstraction, aliena- 
tion. 

eternal, endless, everlasting. (Fi- 
nite.) 

evade, equivocate, prevaricate. 

even, level, plain, smooth. (Uneven.) 

event, accident, adventure, incident, 
occurrence. 

evil, ill, harm, mischief, misfortune. 
(Good.) 

exact, nice, particular, punctual. (In- 
exact.) 

exalt, ennoble, dignify, raise. (Hum- 
ble.) 

examination, investigation, inquiry, 
research, search, scrutiny. 

exceed, excel, outdo, surpass, tran- 
scend. (Fall short.) 

exceptional, uncommon, rare, extra- 
ordinary. (Common.) 

excite, awaken, provoke, rouse, stir 
up. (Lull.) 

excursion, jaunt, ramble, tour, trip. 

execute, fulfill, perform. 

exempt, free, cleared. (Subject.) 

exercise, practice. 

exhaustive, thorough, complete. 
(Cursory.) 

exigency, emergency. 

experiment, proof, trial, test. 

explain, expound, interpret, illus- 
trate, elucidate. 

express, declare, signify, utter, tell. 

extend, reach, stretch. (Abridge.) 

extravagant, lavish, profuse, prodi- 
gal. (Parsimonious.) 



fable, apologue, novel, romance, tale. 

face, visage, countenance. 

facetious, pleasant, jocular, jocose. 
(Serious.) 

factor, agent. 

fail, to fall short, be deficient. (Ac- 
complish.) 

faint, feeble, languid. (Forcible.) 

fair, clear. ( Stormy. ) 

fair, equitable, honest, reasonable. 
(Unfair.) 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



faith., creed. (Unbelief, infidelity.) 

faithful, true, loyal, constant. 
(Faithless.) 

faithless, perfidious, treacherous. 
(Faithful.) 

fall, drop, droop, sink, tumble. (Rise.) 

fame, renown, reputation. 

famous, celebrated, renowned, illus- 
trious. (Obscure.) 

fanciful, capricious, fantastical, 
whimsical. 

fancy, imagination. 
.fast, rapid, quick, fleet, expeditious. 
(Slow.) 

fatigue, weariness, lassitude. (Vig- 
or.) 

fear, timidity, timorousness- (Brav- 

feeling, sensation, sense. 

feeling, sensibility, susceptibility. 
(Insensibility.) 

ferocious, fierce, savage, wild, bar- 
barous. (Mild.) 

fertile, fruitful, prolific, plenteous, 
productive. (Sterile.) 

fiction, falsehood, fabrication. 
(Fact.) 

figure, allegory, emblem, metaphor, 
symbol, picture, type. 

find, descry, discover, espy. (Lose, 
overlook.) 

fine, a., delicate, nice. (Coarse.) 

fine, n., forfeit, forfeiture, mulct, pen- 
alty. 

fire, glow, heat, warmth. 

firm, constant, solid, steadfast, fixed, 
stable. (Weak.) 

first, foremost, chief, earliest. (Last.) 

fit, accommodate, adapt, adjust, suit. 

fiac, determine, establish, settle, limit. 

flame, blaze, flare, flash, glare. 

flat, level, even. 

flexible, pliant, pliable, ductile, sup- 
ple. (Inflexible.) 

flourish, prosper, thrive. (Decay.) 

fluctuating, wavering hesitating, os- 
cillating, vacillating change. (Firm, 
steadfast, decided.) 

fluent, flowing, glib, voluble, unem- 
barrassed, ready. (Hesitating.) 

folks, persons, people, individuals. 

foUo-w, succeed, ensue, imitate, copy, 
pursue. 

follower, partisan disciple, adherent, 
retainer, pursuer, successor. 

folly, silliness, foolishness, imbecil- 
ity, weakness. (Wisdom.) 

fond, enamored, attached, affection- 
ate. (Distant.) 



fondness, affection, attachment, kind* 
ness, love. (Aversion.) 

foolhardy, venturesome, incautious 
hasty, adventurous, rash. (Cau- 
tious.) 

foolish, simple, silly, irrational, 
brainless, imbecile, crazy, absurd* 
preposterous, ridiculous, nonsensi- 
cal. (Wise, discreet.) 

fop, dandy, dude, beau, coxcomb, pup- 
py, jackanapes. ( Grentleman. ) 

forbear, abstain, refrain, withhold^ 

force, n., strength, vigor, dint, might, 
energy, power, violence, army, host, 

force, v., compel, (Persuade.) 

forecast, forethought, foresight, pre- 
meditation, prognostication. 

forego, quit, relinquish, let go, waive. 

foregoing, antecedent, anterior, pre- 
ceding, previous, prior, former. 

forerunner, herald, harbinger, pre- 
cursor, omen. 

foresight, forethought, forecast, pre- 
meditation. 

forge, coin, invent, frame, feign, fab- 
ricate, counterfeit. 

forgive, pardon, remit, absolve, ac- 
quit, excuse, except. 

forlorn, forsaken, abandoned, desert- 
ed, desolate, lone, lonesome. 

form, n., ceremony, solemnity, observ- 
ance, rite, figure, shape, conforma- 
tion, fashion, appearance, represen- 
tation, semblance. 

form, v., make, create, produce, con- 
stitute, arrange, fashion, mould, 

formal, ceremonious, precise, exact, 
stiff, methodical, affected. (Inform- 
al, natural.) 

former, antecedent, anterior, pre- 
vious, prior, preceding, foregoing. 

forsaken, abandoned, forlorn, desert- 
ed, desolate, lone, lonesome. 

forthwith, immediately, directly, in- 
stantly, instantaneously. (Anon.) 

fortitude, endurance, resolution, 
fearlessness, dauntlessness. ( Weak- 
ness.) 

fortunate, lucky, happy, auspicious, 
prosperous, successful. ( Unfortu- 
nate. ) 

fortune, chance, fate, luck, doom, 
destiny, property, possession, riches. 

foster, cherish, nurse, tend, harbor, 
nurture. (Neglect.) 

foul, impure, nasty, filthy, dirty, un- 
clean, defilerl. (Pure, clean.) 

fractious, cross, captious, petulant, 
touchy, testy, peevish, fretful, splen- 
etic. (Tractable.) 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



fragile, brittle, frail, delicate, feeble. 
( Strong. ) 

fragments, pieces, scraps, chips, 
leavings, remains, remnants. 

frailty, weakness, failing, foible, im- 
perfection, fault, blemish. ( Strength. ) 

frame, v., construct, invent, coin, 
fabricate, forge, mold, feign, make, 
compose. 

franchise, right, exemption, immu- 
nity, privilege, freedom, suffrage. 

frank, artless, candid, sincere, free, 
easy, familiar, open, ingenuous, 
plain. (Tricky, insincere.) 

frantic, distracted, mad, furious, rav- 
ing, frenzied. (Quiet, subdued.) 

fraud, deceit, deception, duplicity, 
guile, cheat, imposition. (Honesty.) 

freak, fancy, humor, vagary, whim, 
caprice, chotchet. (Purpose, resolu- 
tion.) 

free, a., liberal, generous, bountiful, 
bounteous, munificent, frank, art- 
less, candid, familiar, open, inde- 
pendent, unconfined, unreserved, un- 
restricted, exempt, clear, loose, easy, 
careless. (Slavish, stingy, artful, 
costly.) 

free, v., release, set free, deliver, 
rescue, liberate, enfranchise, af- 
franchise, emancipate, exempt. 
(Enslave, bind.) 

freedom, liberty, independence, unre- 
straint, familiarity, license, fran- 
chise, exemption, privilege. (Slav- 
ery. ) 

frequent, often, common, usual, gen- 
eral. (Rare.) 

fret, gall, chafe, agitate, irritate, vex. 

friendly, amicable, social, sociable. 
(Distant, reserved, cool.) 

frightful, fearful, dreadful, dire, 
direful, terrific, awful, horrible, hor- 
rid. 

frivolous, trifling, trivial, petty. 
(Serious, earnest.) 

frugal, provident, economical, saving. 
(Wasteful, extravagant.) 

fruitful, fertile, prolific, productive, 
abundant, plentiful, plenteous. 
(Barren, sterile.) 

fruitless, vain, useless, idle, abortive, 
bootless, unavailing, without avail. 

frustrate, defeat, foil, balk, disap- 
point. 

fulfill, accomplish, effect, complete. 

fully, completely, abundantly, per- 
fectly. 



fulsome, coarse, gross, sickening, of« 
fensive, rank. (Moderate.) 

furious, violent, boisterous, vehe- 
ment, dashing, sw^eeping, rolling, im- 
petuous, frantic, distracted, stormy, 
angry, raging, fierce. (Calm.) 

futile, trifling, trivial, frivolous, use- 
less. (Effective.) 



gain, n., profit, emolument, advan- 
tage, benefit, winnings, earnings. 
(Loss.) 

gain, v., get, acquire, obtain, attain, 
procure, earn, win, achieve, reap, 
realize, reach. (Lose.) 

gallant, brave, bold, courageous, gay, 
fine, showy, intrepid, heroic, fear- 
less. 

galling, chafing, irritating, vexing. 
(Soothing.) 

game, play, pastime, diversion, sport, 
amusement. 

gang, band, horde, company, troop, 
crew. 

gap, breach, chasm, hollow, cavity, 
cleft, crevice, rift, chink. 

garnish, embellish, adron, beautify, 
deck, decorate. 

gather, pick, cull, assemble, muster, 
infer, collect. (Scatter.) 

gaudy, showy, flashy, tawdry, gay, 
glittering, bespangled. (Sombre.) 

gaunt, emaciated, scraggy, skinny, 
meagre, lank, attenuated, spare, 
lean, thin. (Well-fed.) 

gay, cheerful, merry, lively, jolly, 
sprightly, blithe. (Solemn.) 

generate, form, make, beget, produce. 

generation, formation, race, breed, 
stock, kind, age, era. 

generous, beneficent, noble, honor- 
able, bountiful, liberal, free. (Nig- 
gardly.) 

genial, cordial, hearty, festive, joy- 
ous. (Distant, cold.) 

genius, intellect, invention, talent, 
taste, nature, character, adept. 

genteel, refined, polished, fashion- 
able, polite, well-bred. (Boorish.) 

gentle, placid, mild, bland, meek, 
tame, docile. (Rough, uncouth.) 

genuine, real, true, unaffected, sin- 
cere. (False.) 

gesture, attitude, action, posture. 

get, obtain, earn, gain, attain, pro* 
cure, achieve. 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



ghastly, pallid, wan, hideous, grim, 
shocking. 

ghost, spectre, sprite, apparition, 
shade, phantom. 

gibe, scoff, sneer, flout, jeer, mock, 
taunt, deride. 

giddy, unsteady, flighty, thoughtless, 
(Steady.) 

gift, donation, benefaction, grant, 
alms, gratuity, boon, present, facul- 
ty, talent. (Purchase.) 

gigantic, colossal, huge, enormous, 
vast, prodigious, immense. (Dimin- 
utive. ) 

give, grant, bestow, confer, yield, im- 
part. 

glad, pleased, cheerful, joyful, glad- 
some, gratified, cheering. (Sad.) 

gleam, glimmer, glance, glitter, shine, 
flash. 

glee, gayety, merriment, mirth, jovial- 
ity, joy, hilarity. (Sorrow.) 

glide, slip, slide, run, roll on. 

glimmer, v., gleam, flicker, glitter. 

glimpse, glance, look, glint. 

glitter, gleam, shine, glisten, glister, 
radiate. 

gloom, cloud, darkness, dimness, 
blackness, dullness, sadness. (Light, 
brightness, joy.) 

gloomy, lowering, lurid, dim, dusky, 
sad, glum. (Bright, clear.) 

glorify, magnify, celebrate, adore, ex- 
alt. 

glorious, famous, renowned, distin- 
guished, noble, exalted. ( Infamous. ) 

glory, honor, fame, renown, splendor, 
grandeur. ( Infamy. ) 

glut, gorge, stuff, cram, cloy, satiate, 
block up. 

go, depart, proceed, move, budge, stir. 

God, Creator, Lord, Almighty, Jeho- 
vah, Omnipotence, Providence. 

godly, righteous, devout, holy, pious, 
religious. 

good, benefit, weal, adyantage, profit, 
boon. (Evil.) 

good, a., virtuous, righteous, upright, 
just, true. (Wicked, bad.) 

gorge, glut, fill, cram, stuff, satiate. 

gorgeous, superb, grand, magnificent, 
splendid. (Plain, simple.) 

govern, rule, direct, manage, com- 
mand. 

government, rule, state, control, 
sway. 

graceful, becoming, comely, elegant, 
beautiful. (Awkward.) 



gracious, merciful, kindly, benefi- 
cent. 

gradual, slow, progressive. (Sudden.) 

grand, majestic, stately, dignified, 
lofty, elevated, exalted, splendid, 
gorgeous, superb, magnificent, sub- 
lime, pompous. (Shabby.) 

grant, bestow, irnpart, give, yield, 
cede, allow, confer, invest. 

grant, gift, boon, donation. 

graphic, forcible, telling, picturesque, 
vivid, pictorial. 

grasp, catch, seize, gripe, clasp, grap- 
ple. 

grateful, agreeable, pleasing, wel- 
come, thankful. (Harsh.) 

gratification, enjoyment, pleasure, 
delight, reward. ( Disappointment. ) 

grave, a., serious, sedate, solemn, 
sober, pressing, heavy. (Giddy.) 

grave, n., tomb, sepulchre, vault. 

great, big, huge, large, majestic, vast, 
grand, noble, august. (Small.) 

greediness, avidity, eagerness, vorac« 
ity. (Generosity.) 

grief, affliction, sorrow, trial, woe, 
tribulation. (Joy.) 

grieve, mourn, lament, sorrow, pain, 
hurt, wound, bewail. (Rejoice.) 

grievous, painful, afflicting, heavy, 
baleful, unhappy. 

grind, crush, oppress, grate, harass, 
afflict. 

grisly, terrible, hideous, grim, ghast- 
ly, dreadful. (Pleasing.) 

gross, coarse, outrageous, unseemly, 
shameful, indelicate. (Delicate.) 

group, assembly, cluster, collection, 
clump, order, class. 

grovel, crawl, cringe, fawn, sneak. 

grow, increase, vegetate, expand, ad- 
vance. ( Decay, diminution. ) 

groivl, grumble, snarl, murmur, com- 
plain. 

grudge, malice, rancor, spite, pique, 
hatred, aversion. 

gruff, rough, rugged, blunt, rude, 
harsh, surly, bearish. (Pleasant.) 

guile, deceit, fraud. (Candor.) 

guiltless, harmless, innocent. 

guilty, culpable, sinful, criminal. 

H 

habit, custom, practice. 

hail, accost, address, greet, salute;, 

welcome. 
happiness, beatitude, blessedness^ 

bliss, felicity. (Unhappiness.) 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



harbor, haven, port. 

hard, firm, solid. (Soft.) 

hard, arduous, diflBcult, (Easy.) 

harm, injury, hurt, wrong, infliction. 
(Benefit.) 

harmless, safe, innocuous, innocent, 
(Hurtful.) 

harsh, rough, rigorous, severe, gruff, 
morose. ( Gentle. ) 

hasten, accelerate, dispatch, expedite, 
speed. (Delay.) 

hasty, hurried, ill-advised. (Delib- 
erate.) 

hateful, odious, detestable. (Lov- 
able.) 

hatred, enmity, ill-will, rancor. 
( Friendship. ) 

haughtiness, arrogance, pride. (Mod- 
esty. ) 

haughty, arrogant, disdainful, super- 
cilious, proud. 

hazard, risk, venture. 

healthy, salubrious, salutary, whole- 
some. (Unhealthy.) 

heap, accumulate, amass, pile. 

hearty, a., cordial, sincere, warm. 
(Insincere.) 

heavy, burdensome, ponderous, 
weighty. ( Light. ) 

heed, care, attention. 

heighten, enhance, exalt, elevate, 
raise. 

heinous, atrocious, flagitious, flagrant. 
(Venial.) 

help, aid, assist, relieve, succor. 
(Hinder.) 

heretic, sectary, sectarian, schismat- 
ic, dissenter, non-conformist. 

hesitate, falter, stammer, stutter. 

hideous, grim, ghastly, grisly. (Beau- 
tiful.) 

high, lofty, tall elevated. (Deep.) 

hinder, impede, obstruct, prevent. 
(Help.) 

hint, allude, refer, suggest, intimate, 
insinuate. 

hold, detain, keep, retain. 

holiness, sanctity, piety, sacredness. 

holy, devout, pious, religious. 

homely, plain, ugly, coarse. (Beauti- 
ful.) 

honesty, integrity, probity, upright- 
ness. (Dishonesty.) 

honor, v., respect, reverence, esteem. 
(Dishonor.) 

hope, confidence, expectation, trust. 

hopeless, desperate. 

hot, ardent, burning, fiery. (Cold.) 



however, nevertheless, notwithstand- 
ing, yet. 

humble, modest, submissive, plain, 
unostentatious, simple. (Haughty.) 

humble, degrade, humiliate, mortify, 
abase. (Exalt.) 

humor, mood, temper. 

hunt, seek, chase. 

hurtful, noxious, pernicious. (Ben- 
eficial.) 

husbandry, cultivation, tillage. 

hypocrite, dissembler, imposter, can- 
ter. 

hypothesis, theory, supposition. 



idea, thought, imagination. 

ideal, imaginary, fancied. (Actual.) 

idle, indolent, l^zy. (Industrious.) 

ignominious, shameful, scandalous, 
infamous. ( Honorable. ) 

ignominy, shame, disgrace, obloquy, 
infamy, reproach. 

ignorant, unlearned, illiterate, unin- 
formed, uneducated. (Knowing.) 

ill, n., evil, wickedness, misfortune, 
mischief, harm. (Good.) 

ill, a., sick, indisposed, unwell, dis- 
eased. (Well.) 

ill-tempered, crabbed, sour, surly, 
acrimonious. (Good-natured.) 

ill-will, enmity, hatred, antipathy. 
(Good-will.) 

illegal, unlawful, illicit, contraband, 
illegitimate. ( Legal. ) 

illimitable, boundless, immeasur- 
able, unlimited, infinite. 

illiterate, unlettered, unlearned, un- 
taught, uninstructed. (Learned, ed- 
ucated. ) 

illusion, fallacy, deception, phan- 
tasm. 

illusory, imaginary, chimerical, vis- 
ionary. (Real.) 

illustrate, explain, elucidate, clear. 

illustrious, celebrated, noble, emi- 
nent, famous, renowned. (Obscure.) 

image, likeness, picture, representa- 
tion, effigy. 

imaginary, ideal, fanciful, illusory. 
(Real.) 

imagine, conceive, fancy, apprehend, 
think, presume. 

imbecility, silliness, senility, dotage. 

imitate, copy, ape, mimic, mock, 
counterfeit. 

immaculate, unspotted, spotless, un- 
sullied, stainless. (Soiled.) 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



immediate, pressing, instant, next, 
proximate. 

immediately, instantly, forthwith, 
directly, presently. 

immense, vast, enormous, huge, pro- 
digious, monstrous. 

! immunity, privilege, prerogative, ex- 
emption. 

impair, injure, diminish, decrease. 

impart, reveal, divulge, disclose, dis- 
cover, bestow, afford. 

impartial, just, equitable, unbiased. 
(Partial.) 

impassioned, glowing, burning, fiery, 
vehement, intense. 

impeach, accuse, charge, arraign, 
censure. 

impede, hinder, retard, obstruct, pre- 
vent. (Help.) 

impediment, obstruction, hindrance, 
obstacle, barrier. (Aid.) 

impel, animate, induce, incite, insti- 
gate, embolden. (Retard.) 

impending, imminent, threatening. 

imperative, commanding, despotic, 
authoritative. 

imperfection, fault, blemish, defect, 
vice. 

imperil, endanger, hazard, jeopardize. 

imperious, commanding, dictatorial, 
authoritative, imperative, lordly, 
domineering, overbearing. 

impertinent, intrusive, meddling, of- 
ficious, rude, saucy, impudent, inso- 
lent. 

impetuous, violent, boisterous, furi- 
ous vehement. (Calm.) 

impious, profane, irreligious, godless. 
( Reverent. ) 

implicate, involve, entangle, embar- 
rass, compromise. 

imply, involve, comprise, infold, im- 
port, denote, signify. 

importance, signification, signifi- 
cance, avail, consequence, weight, 
gravity, moment. 

imposing, impressive, striking, ma- 
jestic, august, noble, grand. (In- 
significant.) 

impotence, weakness, incapacity, in- 
firmity, frailty, feelDleness. (Pow- 
er.) 

impotent, weak, feeble, helpless, en- 
feebled, nerveless, infirm. ( Strong. ) 

impressive, stirring, forcible, excit- 
ing, affecting, moving. 

imprison, incarcerate, shut up, im- 
mure, confine. (Liberate.) 

imprisonment, captivity, durance. 



improve, amend, better, mend, re- 
form, rectify, ameliorate, apply, use, 
employ. (Deteriorate.) 

improvident, careless, incautious, 
imprudent, prodigal, wasteful, reck- 
less, rash. (Thrifty.) 

impudence, assurance, impertinence, 
confidence, insolence, rudeness. 

impudent, saucy, brazen, bold, im- 
pertinent, forward, rude, insolent, 
immodest, shameless. 

impulse, incentive, incitement, mo- 
tive, instigation. 

impulsive, rash, hasty, forcible, vio- 
lent. ( Deliberate. ) 

imputation, blame, censure, re- 
proach, charge, accusation. 

inadvertency, error, oversight, blun- 
der, inattention, carelessness, negli- 
gence. 

incentive, motive, inducement, im- 
pulse. 

incite, instigate, excite, provoke, stim- 
ulate, encourage, urge, impel. 

inclination, leaning, slope, disposi- 
tion, tendency, bent, bias, affection, 
attachment, wish, liking, desire. 
(Aversion.) 

incline, v., slope, lean, slant, tend, 
bend, turn, bias, dispose. 

inclose, surround, shut in, fence in, 
cover, wrap. 

include, comprehend, comprise, con- 
tain, embrace, take in. 

incommode, annoy, plague, molest, 
disturb, inconvenience, trouble. 
(Accommodate.) 

incompetent, incapable, unable, in- 
adequate, insuflicient. (Competent.) 

increase, v., extend, enlarge, aug- 
ment, dilate, expand, amplify, raise, 
enhance, aggravate, magnify, grow. 
(Diminish.) 

increase, n., augmentation, accession, 
addition, enlargement, extension. 
( Decrease. ) 

incumbent, obligatory. 

indefinite, vague, uncertain, unset- 
tled, loose, lax. (Definite.) 

indicate, point out, show, mark. 

indifference, apathy, carelessness, 
listlessness, insensibility. (Applica- 
tion, assiduity.) 

indigence, want, neediness, penury, 
poverty, destitution, privation. (Af- 
fluence.) 

indignation, anger, wrath, ire, re- 
sentment. 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



indignity, insult, affront, outrage, 
obloquy, opprobrium, reproach, ig- 
nominy. ( Honor. ) 

indiscriminate, promiscuous, indis- 
tinct, chance, confused. (Select, 
chosen. ) 

indispensable, essential, necessary, 
requisite, expedient. ( Unnecessary, 
supernumerary. ) 

indisputable, undeniable, undoubt- 
ed, incontestable, indubitable, un- 
questionable, sure, infallible. 

indorse, ratify, confirm, superscribe. 

indulge, foster, cherish, fondle. 
(Deny.) 

ineffectual, vain, useless, unavailing, 
fruitless, abortive, inoperative. (Ef- 
fective. ) 

inequality, disparity, disproportion, 
dissimilarity, unevenness. (Equal- 
ity.) 

inevitable, unavoidable, not to be 
avoided, certain. 

infamous, scandalous, shameful, ig- 
nominious, opprobrious, disgraceful. 
(Honorable.) 

inference, deduction, corollary, con- 
clusion, consequence. 

internal, diabohcai, fiendish, devil- 
isu, hellish. 

infest, annoy, plague, harass, disturb. 

infirm, weak, feeble, enfeebled. (Ro- 
bust.) 

inflame, anger, irritate, enrage, chafe, 
incense, nettle, aggravate, embitter, 
exasperate. (Allay, soothe.) 

influence, v., bias, sway, prejudice, 
prepossess. 

influence, n., credit, favor, reputa- 
tion, character, weight, authority, 
sway, ascendency. 

infringe, invade, intrude, contravene, 
break, transgress, violate. 

ingenuous, artless, candid, generous, 
open, frank, plain, sincere. ( Crafty. ) 

inhuman, cruel, brutal, savage, bar- 
barous, ruthless, merciless, ferocious. 
(Humane.) 

iniquity, injustice, wrong, grievance. 

injure, damage, hurt, deteriorate, 
wrong, aggrieve, harm, spoil, mar, 
sully. (Benefit.) 

in.iurious, hurtful, baneful, pernici- 
ous, deleterious, noxious, prejudi- 
cial, wrongful, damaging. (Benefi- 
cial.) 

injustice, wrong, iniquity, grievance. 
(Right.) 



innocent, guiltless, sinless, harmless, 
inoffensive, innoxious. (Guilty.) 

innocuous, harmless, safe, innocent. 
(Hurtful.) 

inordinate, intemperate, irregular, 
disorderly, excessive, immoderate. 
(Moderate.) 

inquiry, investigation, examination, 
research, scrutiny, disquisition, 
question, query, interrogation. 

inquisitive, prying, peeping, curious, 
peering. 

insane, mad, deranged, delirious, de- 
mented. ( Sane. ) 

insanity, madness, mental, aberra- 
tion, lunacy, delirium. (Sanity.) 

insinuate, hint, intimate, suggest, in- 
fuse, introduce, ingratiate. 

insipid, dull, flat, mawkish, tasteless, 
vapid, inanimate, lifeless. (Bright, 
sparkling.) 

insolent, rude, saucy, pert, inperti- 
nent, abusive, scurrilous, opprobri- 
ous, insulting, offensive. 

inspire, animate, exhilarate, enliven, 
cheer, breathe, inhale. 

instability, mutability, fickleness, 
mutableness, wavering. ( Stability, 
firmness. ) 

instigate, stir up, persuade, animate, 
incite, urge, stimulate, encourage. 

instil, implant, inculcate, infuse, in- 
sinuate. 

instruct, inform, teach, educate, en- 
lighten, initiate. 

instrumental, conducive, assistant, 
helping, ministerial. 

insu£Qciency, inadequacy, incompe- 
tency, incapability, deficiency, lack. 

insult, affront, outrage, indignity, 
blasphemy. (Honor.) 

insulting, insolent, rude, saucy, im- 
pertinent, abusive. 

integrity, uprightness, honesty, pro- 
bity, entirety, entireness, complete- 
ness, rectitude, purity. (Dishon- 
esty.) 

intellect, understanding, sense, 
brains, mind, intelligence, ability, 
talent, genius. (Bo(%.) 

intellectual, mental, ideal, meta- 
physical. (Brutal.) 

intelligible, clear, obvious, plain, 
distinct. (Abstruse.) 

intemperate, immoderate, excessive, 
drunken, nimious, inordinate. (Tem- 
perate.) 

intense, ardent, earnest, glowing, fer- 
vid, burning, vehement 



892 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



intent, design, purpose, intention, 
drift, view, aim, purport, meaning. 

intercourse, commerce, connection, 
intimacy, acquaintance, 

interdict, forbid, prohibit, inhibit, 
proscribe, debar, restrain from. 
(Allow.) 

interfere, meddle, intermeddle, inter- 
pose. 

interminable, endless, interminate, 
infinite, unlimited, illimitable, 
boundless, limitless. (Brief, con- 
cise.) 

interpose, intercede, arbitrate, medi- 
tate, interfere, meddle. 

interpret, explain, expound, eluci- 
date, unfold, decipher. 

intimate, hint, suggest, insinuate, ex- 
press, signify, impart, tell. 

intimidate, dishearten, alarm, fright- 
en, scare, appal, daunt, cow, brow- 
beat. (Encourage.) 

intolerable, insufferable, unbearable, 
insupportable, unendurable. 

intrepid, bold, brave, daring, fear- 
less, dauntless, undaunted, coura- 
geous, valorous, valiant, heroic, gal- 
lant, chivalrous, doughty. (Cow- 
ardly, faint-hearted. ) 

intrigue, plot, cabal, conspiracy, 
combination, artifice, ruse, amour. 

intrinsic, real, true, genuine, ster- 
ling, native, natural. (Extrinsic.) 

invalidate, quash, cancel, overthrow, 
vacate, nullify, annul. 

invasion, incursion, irruption, in- 
road, aggression, raid, fray. 

invective, abuse, reproach, railing, 
censure, sarcasm, satire. 

invent, devise, contrive, frame, find 
out, discover, design. 

investigation, examination, search, 
inquiry, research, scrutiny. 

inveterate, confirmed, chronic, malig- 
nant. ( Inchoate. ) 

invidious, envious, hateful, odious, 
malignant. 

invigorate, brace, harden, nerve, 
strengthen, fortify. (Enervate.) 

invincible, unconquerable, impregna- 
ble, insurmountable. 

invisible, unseen, imperceptible, im- 
palpable, unperceivable. 

invite, ask, call, bid, request, allure, 
attract, solicit. 

invoke, invocate, call upon, appeal, 
refer, implore, beseech. 

involve, implicate, entangle, compro- 
mise, envelop. 



irksome, wearisome, tiresome, tedi- 
ous, annoying. (Pleasant.) 

irony, sarcasm, satire, ridicule, rail- 
lery. 

irrational, foolish, silly, imbecile, 
brutish, absurd, ridiculous. (Ra- 
tional.) 

irregular, eccentric, anomalous, in- 
ordinate, intemperate. (Regular.) 

irreligious^ profane, godless, impi- 
ous, sacrilegious, desecrating. 

irreproachable, blameless, spotless, 
irreprovable. 

irresistible, resistless, irrepressible. 

irresolute, wavering, undetermined, 
undecided, vacillating. (Determined.) 

irritable, excitable, irascible, sus- 
ceptible, sensitive. (Calm.) 

irritate, aggravate, worry, embitter, 
madden, exasperate. 

issue, v., emerge, rise, proceed, flow, 
spring, emanate. 

issue, n., end, upshot, effect, result, 
offspring, progeny. 



jade, harass, weary, tire, worry. 

jangle, wrangle, conflict, disagree. 

jarring, conflicting, discordant, in- 
consonant, inconsistent. 

jaunt, ramble, excursion, trip. 

jealousy, suspicion, envy. ^ 

jeopard, hazard, peril, endanger. 

jest, joke, sport, divert, make game 
of. 

journey, travel, tour, passage. 

joy, gladness, mirth, delight. (Grief.) 

joyful, glad, rejoicing, exultant. 
(Mournful.) 

judge, justice, referee, arbitrator. 

judgment, discernment, discrimina- 
tion, understanding. 

justice, equity right. Justice is right 
as established by law ; equity accord- 
ing to the circumstances of each 
particular case. (Injustice.) 

justness, accuracy, correctness. 



keep, preserve, save. (Abandon.) 

kill, assassinate, murder, slay. 

kindred, aflSnity, consanguinity, re- 
lationship. 

knovirledge, erudition, learning, sci- 
ence. (Ignorance.) 



labor, toil, work, effort, drudgery. 

(Idleness.) 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



lack, need, deficiency, scarcity, insuf- 
ficiency. (Plenty.) 

lament, mourn, grieve, weep. (Re- 
joice.) 

language, dialect, idiom, speech, 
tongue. 

lascivious, loose, unchaste, lustful, 
lewd, lecherous. (Chaste.) 

last, final, latest, ultimate. (First.) 

laudable, commendable, praisewor- 
thy. (Blamable.) 

laughable, comical, droll, ludicrous. 
(Serious.) 

lawful, legal, legitimate, licit. (Il- 
legal. ) 

lead, conduct, guide. (Follow.) 

lean, meager. (Fat.) 

learned, erudite, scholarly. (Igno- 
rant.) 

leave, v., quit, relinquish. 

leave, n., liberty, permission, license. 
(Prohibition.) 

life, existence, animation, spirit, vi- 
^ vacity. (Death.) 

lifeless, dead, inanimate. 

lift, erect, elevate, exalt, raise. 
( Lower. ) 

light, clear, bright. (Dark.) 

lightness, flightiness, giddiness, lev- 
^ ity, volatility. ( Seriousness. ) 

likeness, resemblance, similarity. 
(Unlikeness.) 

linger, lag, loiter, tarry, saunter. 
(Hasten.) 

little, diminutive, small. (Great.) 

livelihood, living, maintenance, sub- 
sistence, support. 

lively, jocund, merry, sportive, 
sprightly, vivacious. (Slow, lan- 
guid, sluggish.) 

long, extended, extensive. (Short.) 

look, appear, seem. 

lose, miss, forfeit. (Gain.) 

loss, detriment, damage, deprivation. 
(Gain.) 

loud, clamorous, high-sounding, noisy. 
(Low, quiet.) 

love, affection. (Hatred.) 

low, abject, mean. (Noble.) 

lunacy, derangement, insanity, mania, 
madness. ( Sanity. ) 

luster, brightness, brilliancy, splen- 
dor. 

Insuriant, exuberant. (Sparse.) 



machination, plot, intrigue, cabal, 
conspiracy. (Artlessness.) 



mad, crazy, delirious, insane, rabid, 
violent, frantic. (Sane, rational, 
quiet.) 

madness, insanity, fury, rage, fren- 
zy. 

magisterial, august, dignified, ma- 
jestic, pompous, stately. 

make, form, create, produce. (De- 
stroy. ) 

malediction, anathepia, curse, im- 
precation, execration. 

malevolent, malicious, virulent, ma- 
lignant. (Benevolent.) 

malice, spite, rancor, ill-feeling, 
grudge, animosity, ill-will. (Be- 
nignity. ) 

malicious. See malevolent. 

manacle, v., shackle, fetter, chain. 
(Free.) 

manage, contrive, concert, direct. 

management, direction, superinten- 
dence, care, economy. 

mangle, tear, lacerate, mutilate, crip- 
ple, maim. 

mania, madness, insanity, lunacy. 

manifest, a., clear, plain, evident, 
exhibit, display, show. 

manifest, a., clear plain, evident, 
open, apparent, visible. (Hidden, oc- 
cult.) 

manifold, several, sundry, various, 
divers, numerous. 

manly, masculine, vigorous, coura- 
geous, brave, heroic. (Effeminate.) 

manner, habit, custom, way, air, look, 
appearance. 

manners, morals, habits, behavior, 
carriage. 

mar, spoil, ruin, disfigure. ( Improve. ) 

march, tramp, tread, walk, step, 
space. 

margin, edge, rim, border, brink, 
verge. 

mark, n., sign, note, symptom, token, 
indication, trace, vestige, track, 
badge, brand. 

mark, v., impress, print, stamp, en- 
grave, note, designate. 

marriage, wedding, nuptials, matri- 
mony, wedlock. 

martial, military, warlike, soldier- 
like. 

marvel, wonderful, miracle, prodigy. 

marvelous, wondrous, wonderful, 
amazing, miraculous. 

massive, bulky, heavy, weighty, pon- 
derous, solid, substantial. (Flimsy.) 

mastery, dominion, rule, sway, a» 
cendancy, supremacy. 



404 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



n&atchless, unrivaled, unequaled, un- 
paralleled, peerless, incomparable, 
inimitable, surpassing. (Common, 
ordinary. ) 

material, a., corporeal, bodily, physi- 
cal, temporal, momentous, impor- 
tant. (Spiritual, immaterial.) 

maxim, adage, apothegm, proverb, 
saying, by-word, saw^. 

meager, poor, lank, emaciated, bar- 
ren, dry, uninteresting. (Rich.) 

mean, a., stingy, niggardly, low, ab- 
ject, vile, ignoble, degraded, con- 
temptible, vulgar, despicable. (Gen- 
erous.) 

mean, v., design, purpose, intent, con- 
template, signify, denote, indicate. 

meaning, signification, import, ac- 
ceptation, sense, purport. 

medium, organ, channel, instrument, 
means. 

medley, mixture, variety, diversity, 
miscellany. 

meek, unassuming, mild, gentle. 
(Proud.) 

melancholy, low-spirited, dispirited, 
dreamy, sad. (Jolly, buoyant.) 

mellow, ripe, mature, soft. (Imma- 
ture.) 

melodious, tuneful, musical, silver, 
dulcet, sweet. (Discordant.) 

memorable, signal, distinguished, 
marked. 

memorial, monument, memento, com- 
memoration. 

memory, remembrance, recollection. 

menace, n., threat. 

mend, repair, amend, correct, better, 
ameliorate, improve, rectify. 

mention, tell, name, communicate, 
impart, divulge, reveal, disclose, in- 
form, acquaint. 

merciful, compassionate, lenient, 
clement, tender, gracious, kind. 
(Cruel.) 

merciless, hard-hearted, cruel, un- 
merciful, pitiless, remorseless, unre- 
lenting. (Kind.) 

merriment, mirth, joviality, jollity, 
hilarity. ( Sorrow. ) 

merry, cheerful, mirthful, joyous, 
gay, lively, sprightly, hilarious, jo- 
vial, blithe, blithesome, sportive jol- 
l.y. (Sad.) 

metaphorical, figurative, allegorical, 
symbolical. 

xnethod, way, manner, mode, process, 
order, rule, regularity, system, 



mien, air, look, manner, aspect, ap- 
pearance. 

migratory, roving, strolling, wander- 
ing, vagrant. (Settled, sedate, per- 
manent.) 

mimic, imitate, ape, mock. 

mindful, observant, attentive, heed- 
ful, thoughtful. (Heedless.) 

miscellaneous, promiscuous, indis- 
criminate, mixed. 

mischief, injury, harm, damage, evil, 
hurt, ill. (Benefit.) 

miscreant, caitiff, villain, ruffian. 

miserable, unhappy, wretched, dis- 
tressed, afflicted. ( Happy. ) 

miserly, stingy, niggardly, avari- 
cious, gripping. 

misery, wretchedness, woe, destitu- 
tion, penury, privation, beggary. 
(Happiness.) 

misfortune, calamity, disaster, mis- 
hap, catastrophe. (Good luck.) 

miss, omit, lose, fail, miscarry. 

mitigate, alleviate, relieve, diminish, 
abate. ( Aggravate. ) 

moderate, temperate, abstemious, 
sober, abstinent. (Immoderate.) 

modest, chaste, virtuous, bashful, re- 
served. ( Immodest. ) 

moist, wet, damp, dank, humid. 
(Dry.) 

monotonous, unvaried, dull, undiver- 
sified, tiresome. (Varied.) 

monstrous, shocking, dreadful, hor- 
rible, huge, immense. 

monument, memorial, record, remem- 
brancer, cenotaph. 

mood, humor, disposition, vein, tem- 
per. 

morbid, sick, ailing, sickly, diseased, 
corrupted. (Normal, sound.) 

morose, gloomy, sullen, surly, fretful, 
crabbed, crusty. (Joyous.) 

mortal, deadly, fatal, human. 

motion, proposition, proposal, move- 
ment. 

motionless, still, stationary, torpid, 
stagnant. (Active, moving.) 

mount, arise, rise, ascend, soar, tow- 
er, dimb, scale. 

mournful, sad, sorrowful, lugubrious, 
grievous, doleful, heavy. (Happy.) 

move, actuate, impel, induce, prompt, 
instigate, persuade, stir, agitate, pro- 
pel, push. 

multitude, crowd, throng, host, mol^ 
swarm. 

murder, v., kill, assassinate, Blay, 
massacre, dispatch. 



895 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



muse, v., meditate, contemplate, re- 
flect, think, cogitate, ponder. 

music, harmony, melody, symphony. 

musical, tuneful, melodious, harmo- 
nious, dulcet, sweet. 

musty, stale, sour, fetid, (Fresh, 
sweet. ) 

mute, dumb, silent, speechless. 

mutilate, maim, cripple, disable, dis- 
figure. 

mutinous, insurgent, seditious, tu- 
multuous, turbulent, riotous. (Obe- 
dient, orderly.) 

mutual, reciprocal, interchanged, cor- 
relative. (Sole, solitary.) 

mysterious, dark, obscure, hidden, 
secret, dim, mystic, enigmatical, un- 
accountable. (Open, clear.) 

mystify, confuse, perplex, puzzle. 
(Clear, explain.) 

N 

naked, nude, bare, uncovered, rude, 
unclothed, rough, simple. (Cover- 
ed, clad.) 

name, v., denominate, entitle, style, 
designate, term, call, christen. 

name, n., appellation, designation, 
denomination, title, cognomen, repu- 
tation, character, fame, credit, re- 
pute. 

narrate, tell, relate, detail, recount, 
describe, enumerat-e, rehearse, re- 
cite. 

nasty, filthy, foul, dirty, unclean, in- 
decent, impure, gross, vile. 

nation, people, community, realm, 
state. 

native, indigenous, inborn, vernacu- 
lar. 

natural, original, regular, normal, 
bastard. (Unnatural, forced.) 

near, nigh, neighboring, close, adja- 
cent, contiguous, intimate. (Dis- 
tant.) 

necessary, needful, expedient, essen- 
tial, requisite, indispensable. (Use- 
less.) 

necessitate, compel, force, oblige. 

necessity, need, occasion, exigency, 
emergency, urgency, requisite. 

need, n., necessity, distress, poverty, 
indigence, want, penury. 

need, v., require, want, lack. 

neglect, v., disregard, slight, omit, 
overlook. 

neglect, n., omission, failure, default, 
negligence, remissness, carelessness, 
slight. 



neighborliood, environs, vicinity, ad- 
jacency, nearness, proximity. 

nervous, timid, timorous, shaky. 

new, fresh, recent, novel. (Old.) 

news, tidings, intelligence, informa- 
tion. 

nice, exact, accurate, good, particular, , 
precise, fine, delicate. (Careless, 
coarse, unpleasant.) 

nimble, active, brisk, lively, alert, 
quick, agile, prompt, (Awkward.) 

nobility, aristocracy, greatness, gran- 
deur, peerage. 

noble, exalted, elevated, illustrious, 
great, grand, lofty. (Low.) 

noise, cry, outcry, clamor, row, din, 
uproar, tumult. (Silence.) 

nonsensical, irrational, absurd, silly, 
foolish. (Sensible.) 

notable, plain, evident, remarkable, 
signal, striking, rare. (Obscure.) 

note, n., token, symbol, mark, sign, in- 
dication, remark, comment. 

noted, distinguished, remarkable, re- 
nowned, eminent. (Obscure.) 

notice, n., advice, notification, intelli- 
gence, information. 

notice, v., mark, note, observe, at- 
tend to, regard, heed. 

notify, v., publish, acquaint, apprise, 
inform, declare. 

notion, conception, idea, belief, opin- 
ion, sentiment. 

notorious, conspicuous, open, obvious, 
ill-famed. (Unknown.) 

nourisb, nurture, cherish, foster, sup- 
ply. (Starve, famish.) 

nourisbment, food, diet, sustenance, 
nutrition. 

novel, modern, new, fresh, recent, un- 
used, strange, rare. (Old.) 

noxious, hurtful, deadly, poisonous, 
deleterious, baneful. (Beneficial.) 

nullify, annul, vacate, invalidate, re- 
peal, quash, cancel. (Afllrm.) 

nutrition, food, diet, nutriment, 
nourishment. 



obdurate, hard, callous, hardened, 
unfeeling, insensible. (Yielding, 
tractable.) 

obedient, compliant, submissive, du- 
tiful, respectful. (Obstinate.) 

obese, corpulent, fat, adipose, fleshy. 
( Attenuated. ) 

obey, v., conform, comply, submit, 
(Rebel, disobey.) 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



object, n., aim, end, purpose, design, 
mark, butt. 

object, v., oppose, except to, contra- 
vene, impeach, deprecate. (Assent.) 

obnoxious, offensive. (Agreeable.) 

obscure, undistinguished, unknown. 
(Distinguished.) 

obstinate, contumacious, headstrong, 
stubborn, obdurate. (Yielding.) 

occasion, opportunity. 

oifense, affront^ misdeed, misdemean- 
or, transgression, trespass. 

offensive, insolent, abusive, obnox- 
ious. (Inoffensive.) 

office, charge, function, place. 

offspring, issue, progeny. 

old, aged, superannuated, ancient, an- 
tique, antiquated, obsolete, old-fash- 
ioned. (Young, new.) 

omen, presage, prognostic. 

opaque, dark. (Bright, transparent.) 

open, candid, unreserved, clear, fair. 
(Hidden, dark.) 

opinion, notion, view, judgment, be- 
lief, sentiment. 

opinionated, conceited, egotistical. 
(Modest.) 

oppose, resist, withstand, thwart. 
(Give way.) 

option, choice. 

order, method, rule, system, regular- 
ity. (Disorder.) 

origin, cause, occasion, source begin- 
ning. (End.) 

outlive, survive. 

outward, external, outside, exterior. 
( Inner. ) 

over, above. (Under.) 

overbalance, outweigh, preponder- 
ate. 

overbear, bear down, overwhelm, 
overpower, subdue. 

overbearing, haughty, proud, arro- 
gant. (Gentle.) 

overflo^Dir, inundation, deluge. 

overrule, supersede, suppress. 

overspread, overrun, ravage. 

overturn, invert, overthrow, reverse, 
subvert. (Establish, fortify.) 

overwhelm, crush, defeat, vanquish 



pain, suffering, qualm, pang, agony, 
anguish. ( Pleasure. ) 

pallid, pale, wan. (Florid.) 

part, division, portion, share, frac- 
tion. (Whole.) 

particular, exact, distinct, singular, 
odd, strange. (General.) 



patient, passive, submissive, meek, 
(Obdurate.) 

peace, calm, quiet, tranquillity. (War, 
riot, trouble, turbulence.) 

peaceable, pacific, peaceful, quiet. 
(Troublesome, riotous.) 

penetrate, bore, pierce, perforate. 

penetration, acuteness, sagacity. 
(Dullness.) 

people, nation, persons, folks. 

perceive, note, observe, discern, dis- 
tinguish. 

perception, conception, notion, idea. 

peril, danger, pitfall, snare. (Safe- 
ty.) 

permit, allow, tolerate. (Forbid.) 

persuade, allure, entice, prevail upon, 

physical, corporeal, bodily, material. 
(Mental.) 

picture, engraving, print, representa- 
tion, illustration, image. 

piteous, doleful, woful, rueful. (Joy- 
ful.) 

pitiless, see merciless. 

pity, compassion, sympathy. (Cruel= 
ty.) 

place, n., spot, site, position, post, 
situation, station. 

place, v., order, dispose. 

plain, open, manifest, evident. (Se- 
cret. ) 

play, game, sport, amusement. 
(W^ork.) 

please, gratify, pacify. (Displease.) 

pleasure, charm, delight, joy. (Pain.) 

plentiful, abundant, ample, copious, 
plenteous. ( Scarce. ) 

poise, balance. 

positive, absolute, peremptory, de- 
cided, certain. (Negative.) 

possessor, owner, proprietor. 

possible, practical, practicable. (Im- 
possible.) 

poverty, penury, indigence, need, 
want. ( Wealth. ) 

power, authority, force, strength, do- 
minion. 

powerful, mighty, potent. (Weak.) 

praise, commend, extol, Jaud. 
(Blame.) 

prayer, entreaty, petition, requesl^ 
suit. 

pretense, n., pretext, subterfuge. 

prevailing, predominant, prevalent, 
general. (Isolated, sporadic.) 

prevent, obviate, preclude. 

previous, antecedent, introductory, 
preparatory, preliminary. (Subse- 
quent.) 



897 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



pride, vanity, conceit. (Humility.) 
principally, chiefly, mainly, essen- 
tially. 
principle, ground, reason, motive, 
impulse, maxim, rule, rectitude, in- 
tegrity. 
privilege, immunity, advantage, fav- 
or, prerogative, exemption, right, 
claim. 
probity, rectitude, uprightness, hon- 
esty, integrity, sincerity, soundness. 
(Dishonesty.) 
problematical, uncertain, doubtful, 
dubious, questionable, disputable, 
suspicious. (Certain.) 
prodigious, huge, enormous, vast, 
amazing, astonishing, remarkable, 
astounding, surprising, wonderful. 
( Insignificant. ) 
profession, business, trade, occupa- 
tion, vocation, office, employment, 
engagement, avowal. 
proffer, volunteer, offer, propose, ten- 
der. 
profligate, abandoned, dissolute, de- 
praved, vicious, degenerate, corrupt, 
demoralized. (Virtuous.) 
profound, deep, fathomless, penetra- 
ting, solemn, abstruse, recondite. 
(Shallow.) 
profuse, extravagant, prodigal, lav- 
ish, improvident, excessive, copious, 
plentiful. ( Succinct. ) 
prolific, productive, generative, fer- 
tile, fruitful, teeming. (Barren.) 
prolix, diffuse, long, prolonged, tedi- 
ous, tiresome, wordy, verbose, pro- 
saic. (Concise, brief.) 
prominent, eminent, marked, impor- 
tant, conspicuous, leading. (Ob- 
scure.) 
promiscuous, mixed, unarranged, in- 
discriminate, mingled. (Select.) 
prompt. See punctual. 
prop, v., maintain sustain, support, 

stay. 
propagate, spread, circulate, diffuse, 
disseminate, extend, breed, increase. 
(Suppress.) 
proper, legitimate, right, just, fair, 
equitable, honest, suitable, fit, decent, 
meet, becoming, benefitting, adapted, 
pertinent, appropriate. (Wrong.) 
prosper, flourish, succeed, grow rich, 

thrive, advance. (Fail.) 
prosperity, well-being, weal, welfare, 

happiness, good luck. (Poverty.) 
proxy, agent, representative, substi- 
tute, delegate, deputy. 



prudence, carefulness, judgment, dis- 
cretion, wisdom. (Indiscretion.) 

prurient, itching, craving, hamkering, 
longing. 

puerile, youthful, juvenile, boyish, 
childish, infantile, trifling, weak, 
silly. ( Mature. ) 

punctilious, nice, particular, formal, 
precise. ( Negligent. ) 

punctual, exact, precise, nice, partic- 
ular, prompt, timely. (Dilatory.) 

putrefy, rot, decompose, corrupt, de- 
cay. 

puzzle, v., perplex, confound, embar- 
rass, bewilder, confuse, pose, mys- 
tify. (Enlighten.) 



quack, impostor, pretender, charla- 
tan, empiric, mountebank. (Savant.) 

quaint, artful, curious, far-fetched, 
fanciful, odd, singular. 

qualified, competent, fitted, adapted. 
(Incompetent.) 

quality, attribute, rank, distinction, 

querulous, doubting, complaining, re- 
pining, fretting. (Patient.) 

question, query, inquiry, interroga- 
tory. 

quibble, cavil, evade, equivocate, pre- 
varicate, shuffle. 

quick, lively, brisk, expeditious, im- 
petuous, adroit, fleet, rapid, swift, 
«iweeping, dashing, clever, sharp, 
ready, prompt, alert, nimble, agile, 
active. (Slow.) 

quote, note, repeat, cite, adduce. 



rabid, mad, furious, raging, frantia 
( Rational. ) 

race, course, match, pursuit, career, 
family, clan, house, ancestry, lin- 
eage, pedigree. 

rack, agonize, wring, torture, excru- 
ciate, distress, harass. (Soothe.) 

racy, spicy, pungent, smart, spirited, 
lively, vivacious. (Dull, insipid.) 

radiance, splendor, brightness, bril- 
liance, brilliancy, lustre, glare. 
(Dullness.) 

radical, organic, innate, fundamental, 
original, constitutional, inherent, 
complete, entire. ( Superficial. ^ In 
a political sense, uncompromising; 
antonym, moderate.) 

rancid, fetid, rank, stinking, soup 
tainted, reasty. (Fresh, sweet.) 



I 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



rancor, malignity, hatred, hostility, 
antipathy, animosity, enmity, ill- 
will, spite. (Forgiveness.) 

rank, order, degree, dignity, nobility, 
consideration. 

ransack, rummage, pillage, overhaul, 
explore, plunder. 

ransom, emancipate, free, unfetter. 

rant, bombast, fustian, cant. 

rapacious, ravenous, greedy, vora- 
cious, grasping. (Generous.) 

rapt, ecstatic, transported, ravished, 
entranced, charmed. (Distracted.)' 

rapture, ecstacy, transport, delight, 
bliss. (Dejection.) 

rare, scarce, singular, uncommon. 

rascal, scoundrel, rogue, knave, vaga- 
bond, scamp. 

rask, hasty, precipitate, foolhardy, 
adventurous, heedless, reckless, care- 
less. (Deliberate.) 

rate, value, compute, appraise, esti- 
mate, chide, abuse. 

ratify, confirm, establish, substan- 
tiate, sanction. (Protest, oppose.) 

rational, reasonable, sagacious, ju- 
dicious, wise, sensible, sound. (Un- 
reasonable. ) 

ravage, overrun, overspread, desolate, 
despoil, destroy. 

Tavisk, enrapture, enchant, charm, 
delight, abuse. 

raze, demolish, destroy, overthrow, 
ruin, dismantle. (Build up.) 

reack, touch, stretch, attain, gain, 
arrive at. 

ready, prepared, ripe, apt, prompt, 
adroit, handy. (Slow, dilatory.) 

real, actual, literal, practical, posi- 
tive, certain, genuine, true. (Un- 
real.) 

realize, accomplish, achieve, effect, 
gain, get, acquire, comprehend. 

reap, gain, get, acquire, obtain. 

reason, n., motive, design, end, proof, 
cause, ground, purpose. 

reason, v., deduce, draw from, trace, 
infer, conclude. 

reasonable, rational, wise, honest, 
fair, ^ right, just. (Unreasonable.) 

rebellion, insurrection, revolt. 

recant, recall, abjure, retract, revoke. 

recede, retire, retreat, withdraw, ebb. 

receive, accept, take, admit, enter- 
tain. 

reception, receiving, levee, receipt, 
admission. 

recess, retreat, depth, niche, vacation, 
intermission. 



recreation, sport, pastime, amuse- 
ment, play, game, fun. 

redeem, ransom, recover, rescue, de- 
liver, save, free. 

redress, remedy, repair, remission, 
abatement, relief. 

reduce, abate, lessen, decrease, lower, 
shorten, conquer. 

refined, polite, courtly, polished, cul- 
tured, genteel, purified. (Boorish.) 

reflect, consider, cogitate, think, pon- 
der, muse, censure. 

reform, amend, correct, better, re- 
store, improve. (Corrupt.) 

reformation, improvement, reform, 
amendment. (Corruption.) 

refuge, asylum, protection, harbor, 
shelter, retreat. 

refuse, v., deny, reject, repudiate, de- 
cline, withhold. (Accept.) 

refuse, n., dregs, dross, scum, rub- 
bish, leavings, remains. 

refute, disprove, falsify, negative. 
(Affirm.) 

regard, v., mind, heed, notice, behold, 
view, consider, respect. 

regret, n., grief, sorrow, lamentation, 
repentance, remorse. 

regular, orderly, uniform, customary, 
ordinary, stated. (Irregular.) 

regulate, methodize, arrange, adjust, 
organize, govern, rule. (Disorder.) 

reimburse, refund, repay, satisfy, in- 
demnify. 

relevant, fit, proper, suitable, appro- 
priate, pertinent, apt. (Irrelevant.) 

reliance, trust, hope, dependence, 
confidence. (Suspicion.) 

relief, succor, aid, help, redress, alle- 
viation. 

relinquisk, give up, forsake, resign, 
surrender, quit, leave, forego. (Re- 
tain.) 

remedy,, help, relief, redress, cure, 
specific, reparation. 

remorseless, pitiless, relentless, mer- 
ciless, cruel, ruthless, barbarous. 
(Merciful, humane.) 

remote, distant, far, secluded, indi- 
rect. (Near.) 

reproduce, propagate, imitate, repre- 
sent, copy. 

repudiate, disown, discard, disavow, 
renounce, disclaim. (Acknowledge.) 

repugnant, antagonistic, distasteful, 
(Agreeable.) 

repulsive, forbidding, odious, ugly, 
disagreeable, revolting. (Attractive.) 

respite, reprieve, interval, stop. 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



revenge, vengeance, retaliation, re- 
quital, retribution. (Forgiveness.) 

revenue, produce, income, proceeds, 
fruits, wealth. 

reverence, n., honor, respect, awe, 
veneration, deference, homage, wor- 
ship. (Execration.) 

revise, review, reconsider. 

revive, refresh, renew, renovate, ani- 
mate, resuscitate, vivify, cheer, com- 
fort. 

rich, wealthy, affluent, opulent, copi- 
ous, ample, abundant, exuberant, 
plentiful, fertile, fruitful, superb, 
gorgeous. ( Poor. ) 

rival, n., antagonist, opponent, com- 
petitor. 

road, way, highway, route, course, 
path, pathway, anchorage. 

roam, ramble, rove, stray, wander, 
stroll. 

robust, strong, lusty, vigorous, sin- 
ewy, stout, sturdy, stalwart, able- 
bodied. (Puny.) 

rout, v., discomfit, beat, defeat, over- 
throw, scatter. 

route, road, course, march, way, path, 
journey, direction. 

rude, rugged, rough, uncouth, unpol- 
ished, harsh, gruff, impertinent, im- 
pudent, saucy, flippant, insolent, 
churlish. (Polished, polite.) 

rule, sway, method, system, law, max- 
im, precept, guide, formula, regula- 
tion, government, standard, test. 

rumor, hearsay, talk, fame, report, 
bruit. 

rutliless, cruel, savage, barbarous, 
inhuman, merciless, remorseless, re- 
lentless, unrelenting. (Considerate.) 

S 

sacred, holy, hallowed, divine, conse- 
crated, dedicated, devoted. (Pro- 
fane. ) 

safe, secure, harmless, trustworthy, 
reliable. (Perilous, dangerous.) 

sanction, confirm, countenance, en- 
courage, support, ratify, authorize. 
(Disapprove.) 

sane, sober, lucid, sound, rational. 
(Crazy.) 

saucy, impertinent, rude, impudent, 
insolent, flippant, forward. (Mod- 
est.) 

scandalize, shock, disgust, offend, ca- 
luminate, vilify, revile, malign, tra- 
duce, defame, slander. 



scanty, bare, pinched, insuflScient, 
slender, meager. (Ample.) 

scatter, strew, spread, disseminate, 
disperse, dissipate, dispel. (Col- 
lect.) 

secret, clandestine, concealed, hidden, 
sly, underhand, latent, private. 
(Open.) 

seduce, allure, attract, decoy, entice, 
abduct, inveigle, deprave. 

sense, discernment, appreciation, per- 
ception, view, opinion, feeling, sen- 
sibility, susceptibility, thought, sig- 
nification, judgment, import, signifi- 
cance, meaning, purport, wisdom. 

sensible, wise, intelligent, reasonable 
sober, sound, conscious, aware. 
(Foolish.) 

settle, arrange, adjust, regulate, con- 
clude, determine. 

several, sundry, divers, many, vari- 
ous, 

severe, harsh, stern, stringent, un- 
mitigated, rough, unyielding. (Le- 
nient. ) 

shake, tremble, shudder, shiver, quiv- 
er, quake. 

shallow, superficial, flimsy, slight, 
( Deep, thorough. ) 

shame, disgrace, dishonor. (Honor.) 

shameful, degrading, scandalous, dis- 
graceful, outrageous. (Honorable.) 

shameless, immodest, impudent, in- 
decent, indelicate, brazen. 

shape, form, fashion, mold, model. 

share, portion, lot, division, quantity, 
quota, contingent. 

sharp, acute, keen. (Dull.) 

shine, glare, glitter, radiate, sparkle. 

short, brief, concise, succinct, sum- 
mary. (Long.) 

show, v., indicate, mark, point out, 
exhibit, display. 

show, v., indicate, mark, point out, 
sight, spectacle. 

sick, diseased, sickly, unhealthy, mor- 
bid. (Healthy.) 

sickness, illness, indisposition, dis- 
ease, disorder. (Health.) 

significant, a., expressive, material, 
important. ( Insignificant. ) 

signification, import, sense, mean- 
ing. 

silence, speechlessness, dumbness. 
(Noise.) 

silent, dumb, mute, speechless. (Talk- 
ative.) 

simile, comparison, similitude. 



900 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



simple, single, uncompounded, plain, 
artless. (Complex, compound.) 

simulate, dissimulate, dissemble, pre- 
tend. 

sincere, candid, hearty, honest, pure, 
genuine, real. (Insincere.) 

situation, condition, plight, predica- 
ment, state, position. 

size, bulk, greatness, magnitude, di- 
mension. 

slavery, servitude, enthrallment, 
thralldom. (Freedom.) 

sleep, doze, drowse, nap, slumber. 

sleepy, somnolent. (Wakeful.) 

sloiv, dilatory, tardy. (Fast.) 

smell, fragrance, odor, scent, per- 
fume. 

smooth, even, level, mild, (Rough.) 

soak, drench, imbrue, steep. 

social, sociable, friendly, communica- 
tive. (Unsocial.) 

soft, gentle, meek, mild. (Hard.) 

solicit, importune, urge. 

solitary, sole, only, single. 

sorry, grieved, poor, paltry, insignifi- 
cant. ( Glad, respectable. ) 

soul, mind, spirit. (Soul is opposed 
to body, mind to matter.) 

sound, a., healthy, sane, (tjnsound.) 

sound, n., tone, noise, silence. 

space, room. 

sparse, scanty, thin. (Luxuriant.) 

speak, converse, talk, say, tell, con- 
fer. 

special, particular, specific. (Gene- 
ral.) 

spend, expend, exhaust, consume, dis- 
sipate, waste, squander. (Save.) 

sporadic, isolated, rare. (General, 
prevalent.) 

spread, disperse, diffuse, expand, dis- 
seminate, scatter, 

spring, fountain, source. 

staff, prop, support, stay. 

stagger, reel, totter. 

stain, soil, discolor, spot, sully, tar- 
nish. 

state, commonwealth, realm. 

sterile, barren, unfruitful. (Fertile.) 

stifle, choke, suffocate, smother. 

stormy, rough, boisterous, tempest- 
uous. (Calm.) 

straight, direct, right. (Crooked.) 

strait, a., narrow, confined. 

stranger, alien, foreigner. (Friend.) 

strengthen, fortify, invigorate, 
(Weaken.) 

strong, robust, sturdy, powerful. 
(Weak.) 



901 



stupid, dull, foolish, obtuse, witless. 
(Clever.) 

subject, exposed to, liable, obnoxious. 
(Exempt.) 

subject, inferior, subordinate. (Su- 
perior to, above.) 

subsequent, succeeding, following. 
(Previous.) 

substantial, solid, durable. (Un- 
substantial.) 

suit, accord, agree. (Disagree.) 

superficial, flimsy, shallow, untrust- 
worthy. (Thorough.) 

superfluous, unnecessary, excessive. 
(Necessary.) 

surround, encircle, encompass, envi- 
ron. 

sustain, maintain, support. 

symmetry, proportion. 

sympathy, commiseration, compas- 
sion, condolence. 

system, method, plan, order. 

systematic, orderly, regular, method- 
ical. (Chaotic.) 



take, accept, receive. (Give.) 

talkative, garrulous, communicative, 
loquacious. (Silent.) 

taste, flavor, relish, savor. (Taste- 
lessness.) 

tax, custom, duty, impost, excise, toll. 

tax, assessment, rate. 

tease, taunt, tantalize, torment, vex. 

temporary, a., fleeting, transient, 
transitory. ( Permanent. ) 

tenacious, pertinacious, retentive. 

tendency, aim, drift, scope. 

tenet, position, view, conviction, be- 
lief. 

term, boundary, limit, period, time. 

territory, dominion. 

thankful, grateful, obliged. (Thank- 
less.) 

thankless, ungracious, profitless, un- 
grateful, unthankful. 

thaw, melt, dissolve, liquefy. ( Freeze. ) 

theatrical, dramatic, showy, cere- 
monious, meretricious. 

theft, robbery, depredation, spolia- 
tion. 

theme, subject, topic, text, essay. 

theory, speculation, scheme, plea, hy- 
pothesis, conjecture. 

therefore, accordingly, consequently, 
bonce. 

thick, dense, close compact, solid, co- 
agulated, muddy, turbid, misty, fog- 
gy, vaporous. (Thin.) 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



thin, slim, slender, slight, flimsy, at- 
tenuated, lean, scraggy. 

think, cogitate, consider, reflect, pon- 
der, contemplate, meditate, muse, 
conceive, fancy, imagine, apprehend, 
hold, esteem, reckon, consider, re- 
gard, deem, believe, opine. 

thorough, accurate, correct, trust- 
worthy, reliable, complete. (Super- 
ficial.) 

thought, idea, conception, imagina- 
tion, fancy, conceit, notion, supposi- 
tion care, provision, consideration, 
opinion, view, sentiment, reflection, 
deliberation. 

thoughtful, considerate, careful, re- 
flective, cautious, heedful, contem- 
plative, provident, pensive, dreamy. 
( Thoughtless, ) 

thoughtless, inconsiderate, rash, im- 
provident, precipitate, heedless. 

tie, v., bind, restrain, restrict, oblige, 
secure, unite, join. (Loose.) 

tie, n., band, ligament, ligature. 

time, duration, season, period, era, 
age, date, span, spell. 

tolerate, allow, admit, receive, suffer, 
permit, let, endure, abide. (Op- 
pose.) 

top, summit, apex, head, crown, sur- 
face. (Bottom, base.) 

torrid, burning, hot, parching, scorch- 
ing, sultry. 

tortuous, twisted, winding, crooked, 
indirect. 

torture, torment, anguish, agony. 

touching, tender, affecting, moving, 
pathetic. 

tractable, docile, manageable, amen- 
able. 

trade, traflSc, commerce, dealing, oc- 
cupation, employment, office. 

traditional, oral, uncertain, trans- 
mitted. 

traffic, trade, exchange, commerce, in- 
tercourse. 

trammel, n., fetter, shatter, clog, 
bond, chain, impediment, hindrance. 

tranquil, still, unruffled, peaceful, 
quiet, hushed. (Noisy, boisterous.) 

transaction, negotiation, occurrence, 
proceeding, affair. 

trash, nonsense, twaddle, trifles. 

travel, trip, ramble, peregrination, ex- 
cursion, journey, tour, voyage. 

treacherous^ traitorous, treasonable, 
disloyal, faithless, false-hearted, per- 
fidious, sly, false. (Trustworthy, 
faithful.) 



902 



trite, stale, old, ordinary, common- 
place, hackneyed. (Novel.) 

triumph, achievement, ovation, vic- 
tory, conquest, jubilation. (Fail- 
ure, defeat.) 

trivial, trifling, petty, small, frivo- 
lous, unimportant, insignificant. 
(Important.) 

true, genuine, actual, sincere, true- 
hearted, unaffected, honest, upright, 
veritable, real, veracious, authentic, 
exact, accurate, correct. 

tumultuous, turbulent, riotous, dis- 
orderly, disturbed, confused, unruly. 
(Orderly.) 

tune, tone, air, melody, strain. 

turbid, foul, thick, muddy, impure, 
unsettled. 

type, emblem, symbol, figure, sign, let- 
ter, sort, kind. 

tyro, novice, beginner, learner. 



ugly, unsightly, plain, homely, ill-fa- 
vored, hideous. (Beautiful.) 

umbrage, offense, dissatisfaction, dis- 
pleasure, resentment. 

umpire, referee, arbitrator, judge, ar- 
biter. 

unanimity, accord, agreement, unity, 
concord. ( Discord. ) 

unanimous, agreeing, like-minded, 

unbridled, wanton, licentious, disso- 
lute, loose, lax. 

uncertain, doubtful, dubious, ques- 
tionable, fitful, equivocal, ambigu- 
ous, indistinct, variable, fluctuating. 

uncivil, discourteous, disrespectful, 
disobliging, rude. (Civil.) 

unclean, dirty, foul, filthy, sullied. 
(Clean.) 

uncommon, rare, strange, scarce, 
singular, choice. (Common, ordi- 
nary. ) 

unconcerned, careless, indifferent, 
apathetic. (Anxious.) 

uncouth, strange, odd, clumsy, un- 
gainly. (Graceful.) 

uncover, reveal, strip, expose, lay 
bare, divest. (Hide.) 

under, below, underneath, beneath, 
subordinate, lower, inferior. (Above.) 

understanding, knowledge, intellect, 
intelligence, faculty, comprehension, 
mind, reason, brains. 

undertake, engage in, embark in, 
agree, promise. 

undo, annul, frustrate, untie, unfast- 
en, destroy. 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



nneasy, restless, disturbed, unquiet, 
stiff, awkward. (Quiet.) 

unequal, uneven, not alike, irregular, 
insufficient. (Even.) 

unequaled, matchless, unique, novel, 
new, unheard of. 

unfair, wrongful, dishonest, unjust. 
(Fair.) 

unfit, a., improper, unsuitable, incon- 
sistent, untimely, incompetent. 
(Fit.) 

unfit, v., disable, disqualify, incapaci- 
tate. (Fit.) 

unfortunate, calamitous, ill-fated, 
unlucky, wretched, unhappy, miser- 
able. (Fortunate.) 

ungainly, clumsy, awkward, lumber- 
ing, uncouth. (Pretty.) 

unhappy, miserable, wretched, dis- 
tressed, afflicted, painful, disastrous, 
drear, dismal. (Happy.) 

uniform, regular, symmetrical, even, 
equal, alike, unvaried. (Irregular.) 

uninterrupted, continuous, perpet- 
ual, unceasing, incessant, endless. 
(Intermittent.) 

union, junction, combination, alli- 
ance, confederacy, league, coalition, 
agreement, concert. (Disunion sep- 
aration. ) 

unique, unequal, uncommon, rare, 
choice, matchless. (Common, ordi- 
nary.) 

unite, join, conjoin, combine, concert, 
add, attach, incorporate, embody, 
clench, merge. (Separate, disrupt, 
sunder. ) 

universal, general, all, entire, total, 
catholic. (Sectional.) 

unlimited, absolute, boundless, un- 
defined, infinite. (Limited.) 

unreasonable, foolish, silly, absurd. 

unrivaled, unequaled, unique, unex- 
ampled, incomparable, matchless. 
(Mediocre.) 

unroll, unfold, open, discover. 

unruly, ungovernable, unmanageable, 
refractory. (Tractable, docile.) 

unusual, rare, unwonted, singular, 
uncommon, remarkable, strange, ex- 
traordinary. (Common.) 

uphold, maintain, defend, sustain, 
support, vindicate. (Desert, aban- 
don.) 

upright, vertical, perpendicular, just, 
erect, equitable, fair, pure, honora- 
ble. (Prone, horizontal.) 

uprightness, honesty, integrity, fair- 
ness, goodness, probity, honor, vir- 
tue. (Dishonesty.) 



908 



urge, incite, impel, push, drive, insti- 
gate, stimulate, press, solicit, in- 
duce. 

urgent, pressing, important, impera- 
tive, immediate, serious, wanted. 
( Unimportant. ) 

usage, custom, fashion, practice, pre- 
scription. 

use, n., usage, practice, habit, custom, 
avail, advantage, utility, benefit, ap- 
plication. (Disuse, desuetude.) 

use, v., employ, exercise, occupy, ac- 
custom, practice, inure. (Abuse.) 

useful, advantageous, serviceable, 
available, helpful, beneficial, good. 
(Useless.) 

useless, unserviceable, fruitless, idle, 
profitless. (Useful.) 

usual, ordinary, common, accustomed, 
habitual, wonted, customary, gene- 
ral. (Unusual.) 

usurp, arrogate, seize, appropriate, 
assume. 

utmost, farthest, remotest, uttermost, 
greatest. 

utter, a., extreme, excessive, sheer, 
mere, pure. 

utter, v., speak, articulate, express, 
pronounce, issue. 

utterly, totally, completely, wholly, 
quite, altogether, entirely. 



vacant, empty, unfilled, unoccupied, 
thoughtless, unthinking. (Occupi- 
ed.) 

vagrant, n., wanderer, beggar, tramp, 
vagabond, rogue. 

vague, unsettled, undetermined, un- 
certain, pointless, indefinite. (Def- 
inite.) 

vain, useless,^ fruitless, empty, worth- 
less, inflated, proud, conceited, un- 
real, unavailing. (Effectual, hum- 
ble, real.) 

valiant, brave, bold, valorous, cour- 
ageous, gallant. (Cowardly.) 

valid, weighty, strong, powerful, ef- 
ficient, sound, binding. (Invalid.) 

valor, courage, gallantry, boldness, 
bravery, heroism. (Cowardice.) 

value, v., appraise, assess, reckon, ap- 
preciate, estimate, prize, treasure, 
esteem. (Despise, condemn.) 

vanish, disappear, fade, melt, dis- 
solve. 

vanity, emptiness, conceit, self-con- 
ceit, affectedness. 

vapid, dull, flat, insipid, stale, tame. 
( Sparkling. ) 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



vapor, fume, smoke, mist, fog, steam, 

variable, changeable, unsteady, shift- 
ing, inconstant, wavering, fickle, fit- 
ful, restless. (Constant.) 

variety, difference, diversity, change, 
diversification, mixture, medley, mis- 
cellany. (Sameness, monotony.) 

vast, spacious, boundless, mighty, im- 
mense, enormous, colossal, gigantic, 
huge, prodigious. (Confined.) 

vaunt, boast, brag, puff, hawk, adver- 
tise, flourish, parade. 

venerable, grave, sage, wise, old, rev- 
erend. 

venial, pardonable, excusable, justifi- 
able. (Grave, serious.) 

venom, poison, virus, spite, malice, 
malignity. 

venture, n., speculation, chance, per- 
il, stake. 

venture, v., dare, adventure, risk, 
hazard, jeopardize. 

veracity, truth, truthfulness, credi- 
bility, accuracy. (Falsehood.) 

verbal, oral, spoken, literal, parole, 
unwritten. 

verdict, judgment, finding, decision, 
answer. 

vexation, chagrin, mortification. 
^ (Pleasure.) 

vibrate, oscillate, swing, sway, wave, 
undulate, thrill. 

vice, vileness, corruption, depravity, 
pollution, immorality, wickedness, 
guilt, iniquity, crime. (Virtue.) 

vicious, corrupt, depraved, debased, 
bad, contrary, unruly, demoralized, 
profligate, faulty. (Virtuous, gen- 
tle.) 

victim, sacrifice, food, prey, sufferer, 
dupe, gull. 

victuals, viands, bread, meat, repast, 
provisions, fare, food. 

view, prospect, survey. 

violent, boisterous, furious, impetu- 
ous, vehement. (Gentle.) 

virtuous, upright, honest, moral. 
(Profligate.) 

vision, apparition, ghost, phantom, 
snecter. 

voluptuary, epicure, sensualist. 

vote, suffrage, voice. 

vouch, affirm, asseverate, aver, as- 
sure. 

*W 

wait, await, expect, look for, wait for. 
wakeftd, vigilant, watchful. (Sleepy.) 



904 



wander, range, ramble, roam, rove, 
stroll. 

want, lack, need. (Abundance.) 

wary, circumspect, cautious. (Fool- 
hardy.) 

wash, clean, rinse, wet, moisten, tint, 
stain. 

waste, v., squander, dissipate, lavish, 
destroy, decay, dwindle, wither. 

wasteful, extravagant, profligate, 
(Economical.) 

way, method, plan, system, means, 
manner, mode, form, fashion, course, 
process, road, route, track, path, 
habit, practice. 

wave, breaker, billow, surge. 

weak, feeble, infirm. (Strong.) 

weaken, debilitate, enfeeble, enervate, 
invalidate. (Strengthen.) 

wearisome, tedious, tiresome. (In- 
teresting, entertaining. ) 

weary, harass, jade, tire, fatigue. 
( Refresh. ) 

weight, gravity, heaviness, burden, 
load. (Lightness.) 

well-being, happiness, prosperity, 
welfare. 

whole, entire, complete, total, integ- 
ral. (Part.) 

\i7-icked, iniquitous, nefarious. (Vir- 
tuous.) 

will, wish, desire. 

willingly, spontaneously, voluntarily. 
(Unwillingly.) 

win, get, obtain, gain, procure, effect, 
realize, accomplish, achieve. (Lose.) 

winning, attractive, charming, fasci- 
nating, bewitching, enchanting, daz- 
zling, brilliant. (Repulsive.) 

wisdom, prudence, foresight, sagacity, 
far-sightedness. (Foolishness.) 

wit, humor, satire, fun, raillery. 

xironder, v., admire, amaze, astonish, 
surprise. 

wonder, n., marvel, miracle, prodigy. 

word, n., expression, term. 

work, labor, task, toil. (Play.) 

worthless, valueless. (Valuable.) 

writer, author, penman. 

wrong, injustice, injury. (Right.) 



yawn, gape, open wide. 

yearn, hanker after, long for, desire, 

crave. 
yell, bellow, cry out, scream. 
yellow, golden, saffron-like. 



Synonyms and Antonyms 



yelp, bark, sharp cry, howl. 

yet, besides, nevertheless, however, ul- 
timately, notwithstanding, still, at 
last, so far, thus far. 

yield, bear, give, afford, impart, com- 
municate, confer, bestow, abdicate, 
resign, cede, surrender, relinquish, 
relax, quit, forego, give up, let go, 
waive, comply, accede, assent, ac- 
quiesce, succumb, submit. 

yielding, supple, pliant, bending, un- 
resisting, compliant, submissive. 
(Obstinate.) 

yoke, v., couple, link, connect. 

yore, long ago, long since. 



young, juvenile, inexperienced, igno- 
rant, youthful. 

youth., boy, lad, minority, adolescence, 
juvenility. 

youthful, young, juvenile, boyish, 
girlish, puerile. (Old.) 



zeal, energy, fervor, ardor, earnest- 
ness, enthusiasm, eagerness. (In- 
difference. ) 

zealous, warm, ardent, fervent, en- 
thusiastic, anxious. (Careless, in- 
different. ) 

zest, relish, gusto, flavor. (Disgust.) 



Common English Christian Names, 



WITH 



THEIR DERIVATION, SIGNIFICATION, AND DIMINU- 
TIVES, OR NICK-NA3VIES. 



I. NAMES OF MEN* 



Aaron. [Heb.] Lofty ; inspired. 
Abel. [Heb.] Breath; transitori- 

ness ; vanity. 
Abiel. [Heb.] Father of strength. 
Abijah. [Heb.] To whom Jehovah 

is a father. 
Abner. [Heb.] Father of light. 
Abrabam. [Heb.] Father of a mul- 
titude. — Dim. Abe. 
Abram. [Heb.] Father of elevation. 

— Dim. Abe. 
Adam. [Heb.] Man; earth-man; 

red earth. — Dim. Ade. 
Adolpbus, [O. H. Ger.] Noble wolf, 

i. e., noble hero. 
Adoniram. [Heb.] Lord of height. 
Alan. Variously explained as a 

hound [Slav.], harmony [Celt.], and 

a corruption of Hilary, or of ^lia- 

nus. 
Alaric. [O. H. Ger.] All-rich; or, 

noble ruler. 
Albert. [O. H. Ger.] Nobly bright ; 

illustrious. 
Albion. [Celt.] Mountainous land ; 

the ancient name of England. 
Alexander. [Gr.] A defender of 

men. — Dim. Aleck, Ellick, Sander, 

Sandv, Sawnie. 
Alfred. [O. H. Ger.] Elf in coun- 
cil ; i. e., good counselor. — Dim. 

Alf. 
Algernon. [Fr.] With whiskers. 
Alonzo. [O. Ger.] The same as 

Alphonso, q. V. 
Alpbeus. [Heb.] Exchange. 
Alpbonso. [O. H. Ger.] All-ready; 

willing. 

AWan! ! fHeb.] Iniquity. 

Alvin, I [O. H. Ger.] Beloved by 

Alwin, J all. 



Amariab. [Heb.] Whom Jehovah 

promised. 
Amasa. [Heb.] A burden. 
Ambrose. [Gr.] Immortal ; divine. 
Ammi. [Heb.] My people. 
Amos. [Heb.] Strong; courageous; 

otherwise, burden. 
Andrew. [Gr.] Strong; manly. — 

Dim. Andy. 
Anselm. [O. H. Ger.] Protection 
of God. 

[Lat.] Priceless ; praise- 
worthy. — Dim. Tony. 
[Ger.] Extremely bold; 
holy prince. — Dim. Ar- 



Gift of Artemis, 



[Lat.] Belonging 
Augustus. 



to 



Anthony, ) 
Antony. ) 
Archibald. 

otherwise, 
chy. 

Artemis. [Gr.] 
or Diana. 

Arthur. [Celt.] High; noble. 

Asa. [Heb.] Healer; physician. 

Asahel. [Heb.] Made of God. 

Asaph. [Heb.] A collector. 

Asher^ [Heb.] Happy; fortunate. 

Ashnr. [Heb.] Black ; blackness. 

Augnstin, 

Augustine 

Austin. 

Augustus. [Lat.] Exalted; impe- 
rial. — Dim. Gus. 

Aurelius. [Lat.] Golden. 

Azariah. [Heb.] Helped of the 
Lord. 



Baldwin. [O. H. Ger.] Bold, coura- 
geous friend. 
Baptist. [Gr.] A baptizer ; purifier. 

Ba^abyf' ! ^on of consolation. 
Bartholomew. [Heb.] A warlike 

son. — Dim. Bat. 
Barzillai. [Heb.] Iron of the Lord ; 

firm ; true. 



■•I 



906 



Christian Names of Men 



Basil. [Gr.] Kingly; royal. 
Benedict. [Lat.] Blessed. — Dim. 

Bennet. 
Benjamin. [Heb,] Son of the right 

hand. — Dim. Ben, Benny. 
Beriah. [Heb.] In calamity. 



[O. H. Ger.] Bold as a 

bear. 
[O, H. Ger.] Bright 



Bernard, 
Barnard. 
Bertram. 

raven. 
Bezaleel. [Heb.] In the shadow 

(protection) of God. 
Boniface. [Lat.] A benefactor. 
Brian. [Celt.] Strong. 
Brnno'. [O. H. Ger.] Brown. 



[Brit.] Battle- 



CadTirallader. 

arranger. 

Caesar. [Lat.] Hairy: or blue-eyed; 
or, born under the Caesarian opera- 
tion. 

Caleb. [Heb.] A dog. 

Calvin. [Lat.] Bald. 

Cecil. [Lat.] Dim-sighted. 

Cepnas. [Aramaic] A stone. 

Charles. [O. H. Ger.] Strong; 
manly ; noble-spirited. — Dim. Char- 
lie, or Charley. 

Christian. [L^.] Belonging to 
Christ; a believer im Christ.— Dim. 
Christie. 

Christopher. [Gr.] Bearing Christ. 
— Dim. K^ster, Kit, Chris. 

Clarence. [Lat.] Illustrious. 

Claudius 

Claude. 

Clement. [Lat.] JMild-tempered ; mer- 
ciful. 

Conrad. [O. H. Ger.] Bold in coun- 
cil ; resolute. 

Constant. [Lat.] Firm; faithful. 

Constantine. [Lat.] Resolute ; firm. 

Cornelius 

Crispin, 



[Lat.] Lame. 



Crispus 
Crispian. 
Cuthbert 
Cyprian 



[Lat.] (Uncertain). 
[Lat.] Having curly hair. 



[A.-S.] Noted splendor. 
[Gr.] Of Cyprus. 
Cyril. [Gr.] Lordly, 
Cyrus. [Per.] The sun. 



A divine judge. — 



Daniel. [Heb.] 

Dim. Dan. 
Darius. [Per.] 
David. [Heb.] 

Davy. Dave. 
Demetrius. [Gr.] Belonging to Ceres. 



Preserver. 

Beloved. — Dim. 



Denis, ( [Gr.] Same as Dionysitjs. 

Dennis, j [Fr. form.] 

Derrick. [O. H. Ger.] A corruption 

of Theodoeic. 
Dionysius. [Gr.] Belonging to Di- 

onysos or Bacchus, the god of wine, 
Donald. [Celt.] Proud chief. 
Duncan. [Celt.] Brown chief. 

£ 

Eben. [Heb.] A stone. 

Bbenezer. [Heb.] The stone of help. 

Edgar. [A.-S.] A javelin (or pro- 
tector) of property. 

Edmund. [A.-S.] Defender of prop* 
erty. — Dim. Ed, Ned (a contraction 
of "mine Ed"). 

Edivard. [A.-S.] Guardian of prop- 
erty, — Dim. Ed, Eddy, Ned, Neddy, 
Teddy. 

Edwin. [A.-S.] Gainer of property. 
— Dim. Ed, Eddv. 

Egbert. [O. H. Ger.] The sword's 
brightness ; famous with the sword. 

Elbert. [O. H. Ger.] The same as 

Eldred. * [A.-S.] Terrible. 

Eleazer. [Heb.] To whom God is 
a help. 

Eli. [Heb.] A foster son. 

Eliab. [Heb.] God is his father. 

Elias. [Heb.] The same as Elijah. 

Elihu. [Heb.] God the Lord. 

Elijah. [Heb.] Jehovah is my God. 

Eliphalet. [Heb.] God of salvation. 

Elisha. [Heb.] God my salvation. 

Elizur. [Heb.] God is my rock. 

Ellis. [Heb.] A variation of Eli- 
sha. 

Elmer. [A.-S.] Noble ; excellent. [A 
contraction of Ethelmeb,] 

Elnathan. [Heb.] God gave. 

Emmanuel. [Heb.] God with us. 

Emery, ) 

Emmery, > [A.-S.] Powerful ; rich. 

Emory. ) 

Enoch. [Heb.] Consecrated; dedi- 
cated. 

Enos. [Heb.] Man. 

Ephraim. [Heb.] Very fruitful. 

Erasmus. [Gr.] Lovely; worthy 
to be loved. 

Erastus. [Ger.] Lovely; amiable. 

Eric. [A.-S.] Rich ; brave ; powerful. 

iSrstus.|tGer.] Earnest. 

Ethan. [Heb,] Firmness; strength. 
Eugene. [Ger.] Wellborn; noble. 
Eustace. [Gr.] Healthy; strong; 
standing firm. 



Q07 



christian Names of Men 



Evan. [Brit.] The same as John. 
£zekiel. [Heb.] Strength of God. 

— Dim. Zeke. 
Ezra. [Heb.] Help» 



[O. H. Ger.] Brave; 
H, Ger.] Same as 



Ferdinand. 

valiant. 
Fernando. [O, 

Ferdinand. 

Francis. [Fr.] Free. — Dim. Frank. 

Frank. [Fr.] A contraction of Fran- 
cis. 

Frederic, \[0, H. Ger.] Abound- 

Frederick. I ing in peace; or 
peaceful ruler. — Dim. Fred, Freddy. 

G 

Gains. [Lat.] Rejoiced. 

Gamaliel. [Heb.] Recompense of 
God. 

Garret. [O. H. Ger.] Another form 
of Gerald, or Gerard. 

Geoffrey. [Oe H. Ger.] The same 
as Godfrey. 

George. [Ger.] A landholder; hus- 
bandman. — Dim. Georgie, Geordie. 

Gerald, | [O. H. Ger.] Strong with 

Gerard. ) the spear. 

Gerskom. [Heb.] An exile. 

Gideon. [Heb.] A destroyer. 

Gilbert. [O. H. Ger.] Yellow-bright; 
famous. 

Giles. [Gr.] A kid. 

Given. [Eng.] Gift of God. 

Goddard. [O. Ger.] Pious; virtuous. 

Godfrey. [O. H. Ger.] At peace with 
God. 

Gregory. [Ger.] Watchful ; vigilant. 

Griffitk. [Brit.] Having great faith. 

Gustavus. [Sw.] A warrior; hero. 

Gny. [Fr.] A leader. 



Hannibal. [Punic] Grace of Baal. 

Harold. [A.-S.] A champion ; gen- 
eral of an army. 

Heman. [Heb.] Faithful. 

Henry. [O. H. Ger.] The head or 
rhief of a house. — Dim. Hal, Harry 
(by assimilation of consonant 
sound), Hen. 

Herbert. [A.-S.] Glory of the army. 

Herman. [O. H. Ger.] A warrior. 

Hezek^ak. [Heb.] Strength of the 
Lord. 

Hilary. [Lat.] Cheerful; merry. 

Hiram. [Heb.] Most noble. 

Horace. [Gr.] Same as Horatio. 
[Fx- form.] 



Horatio. [Gr.] (Uncertain). 
Hosea. [Heb.] Salvation. 
Howell. [Brit.] Sound; whole. 
Hubert. [O. H. Ger.] Bright in 
spirit ; soul-bright. 

hS|o.' ! '^^•^ ^^^^' ®P^^^*' ^®^^- 
Humpkrey. [A.-S.] Protector of the 
home. 



Ickabod. [Heb.] The glory has de- 
parted. 

Ignatius. [Gr.] Ardent; fiery. 

Immanuel. [Heb.] The same as 
Emmanuel. 

Increase. [Eng.] Increase of faith. 

Ingram. [Teut.] Raven. 

Inigo. [Gr.] The same as Igna- 
tius. [Sp. form.] 

Ira. [Heb.] Watchful. 

Isaac. [Heb.] Laughter. — Dim. Ik. 
Ike. 

Isaiak. [Heb.] Salvation of the 
Lord. 

Israel. [Heb.] A soldier of God. 

Ivan. [Brit.] The same as John. 



Jabez. [Heb.] He will cause pain, 
Jacob. [Heb.] A supplanter. — Dim, 

Jake. 
Jairus. [Heb.] He will enlighten. 
James. [Heb.] The same as Jacob, 

— Dim. Jeames, Jem, Jim, Jemmy, 

.Jimmy. 
Japketk. [Heb.] Enlargement. 
Jared. [Heb.] Descent. 
«'>'ason. [Gr.] A healer. 
Jasper. [Per.] (Uncertain). 
Jedediak. [Heb.] Beloved of the 

Lord. 
Jeffrey. [O. H. Ger.] The same as 

jlrlSJa^;UH«b.] Exalted of the 
Jeremy. ! ^ord. 
Jerome. Holy name. 
Jesse. [Heb.] Wealth. 
Joab. [Heb.] Jehovah is his father. 
Job. [Heb.] Afflicted; persecuted. 
Joel. [Heb.] The Lord is God. 
Jokn. [Heb.] The gracious gift <rf 
God. — Dim. Johnny, Jack, Jock. 

JoSa^ltHeb.] A dove. 

Jonatkan. [Heb.] Gift of Jehovah. 
Josepk. [Heb.] He shall add. — Dim. 
Joe. 



908 



Chris tian Names of Men 



Joshua. [Heb.] God of salvation.— 
Dim. Josh. 

Josia?/ i tHeb.] Given of the Lord. 
Jothain. [Heb.] The Lord is upright. 
Judah. [Heb.] Praised. 
Julian. [Lat.] Sprung from, or be- 
longing to, Julius. — Dim. Jule. 
Julius. [Gr.] Soft-haired. — Dim. 



Jule. 
Justin. 
Justus. 



[Lat.] 
[Lat.] 



Just. 
Just. 



A defender of his 
A leader; com- 



Kenelm. [A.-S.J 

kindred. 
Kenneth. [Gael.] 

mander. 

I. 

Laban. [Heb.] White. 

I^ambert. [O. H. Ger.] Illustrious 
with landed possessions. 

Ijancelot. [It.] A little angel; oth- 
erwise, a little lance or warrior; or 
a servant. 

Laurence, ) [Lat] Crowned with 

Ijawrence. ) laurel. — Dim. Larry 
(Lawrie, Laurie, Scot.; Larry, 
Irish.) 



[O. H. Ger.] 
Adhesion, 



God will help. 
Lion-man. 
Created by God. 
Strong; or brave 

Lion-like. 

Bold for the 



See Gen. 



Bold warrior. 



Iiazarus. [Heb.] 
lieander. [Gr.J 
Iiemuel. [Heb.] 
Leonard. [Ger.] 

as a lion. 
Leonidas. [Gr.] 
Leopold. 

people. 
Levi. [Heb.] 

xxix. 34. 
Lewis. [O. H. Ger.] 

— Dim. Lou. 
Linus. [Gr.] Flaxen-haired. 
Lionel. [Lat.] Young lion. 
Llewellyn. [Celt.] Lightning. 
Loammi. [Heb.] Not my people. 
Lorenzo. [Lat.] Same as Lau- 
rence. [It. & Sp. forms.] 
Lot. [Heb.] A veil ; a covering. 
Louis. [O. H. Ger.] The same as 

Lewis. [Fr. form.] 
Lucian. [Lat.] Belonging to, 

sprung from, Lucius. 
Lucius. [Lat.] Born at break 

day. 
Ludovic. [O. H. Ger.] Same 

Lewis. [Ger. form.] 
Luke. [Lat.] Light. 
Luther. [Ger.] Illustrious warrior. 



or 



of 



as 



M 

Madoc. [W.] Good; beneficent. 
Malachi. [Heb.] Messenger of the 

Lord. 
Manasseh. [Heb.] Forgetfulness. 
Marcellus. [Lat.] Dim. of Marcus. 
Marcius. [Lat.] Same as Marcus. 
Marcus, / [Lat.] A hammer; other- 
Mark. \ wise, a male, or sprung 

from Mars. 
Marmaduke. [A.-S.] A mighty 

noble. 
Martin. [Lat.] Of Mars; warlike. 
Matthew. [Heb.] Gift of Jehovah. 

— Dim. Mat. 
Maurice. [Lat.] Moorish; dark- 
colored. 
Maximilian. [Lat.] The greatest 

^milianus. 
Micah. [Heb.] Who is like the Lord? 
Michael. [Heb.] Who is like God? 

— Dim. Mike. 
Miles. [Lat.] A soldier, 
Moses. [Egypt.] Drawn out of the 

water. — Dim. Mose. 



Consolation. 
Lion of the for- 



gift, 
gift 



of 



other- 



Nahum. [Heb.] 
Napoleon. [Gr.] 

est-dell. 
Nathan. [Heb.] Given; i 
Nathanael, i [Heb.] The 
Nathaniel. S God. 
Neal, ) [Lat.] Dark; swarthy; 
Neil. ) wise [Celt.], chief. 
Nehemiah. [Heb.] Comfort of the 

Lord. 
Nicholas, | [Gr.] Victory of the peo- 
Nicolas. ) pie. — Dim. Nick. 
Noah. [Heb.] Rest; comfort. 
Noel. [Lat. Dies Natalis.] Christ-^ 

mas; born on Christmas day. 
Norman. [Ger.] A Northman; a 

native of Normandy. 

O 

Obadiah. [Heb.] Servant of the 

Lord. 
Obed. [Heb.] Serving God. 

oltt^ns.' I [I'^'-] The eighth-born. 
Oliver. [Lat.] An olive-tree. 
Orestes. [Gr.] A mountaineer. 
Orlando. [Teut.] Same as Row- 

LAKD. [It. form.] 
Oscar. [Celt.] Bounding warrioii 
Oswald. [O. H. Ger.] Power of 

God. 
Owen. [Celt.] Lamb; otherwise, 

young warrior. 



909 



Christian Names of Men 



Patrick. [Lat.] Noble 

—Dim. Pat, Paddy. 
Paul, 



a patrician. 



Paulus. 



[Lat.] Little. 

Peleg. [Heb.] Division. 
Peregrine. [Lat.] A stranger. 
Peter. [Gr.] A rock. — Dim. Pete, 

Peterkin. 
Philander. [Gr.] A lover of men. 
Philemon. [Gr.] Loving; friendly. 
Philip. [Gr.] A lover of horses.— 

Dim. Phil, Pip. 

IStalhl's. ! LHeb.] Mouth of brass. 
Pius. [Lat.] Pious; dutiful. 
Pliny. [Lat.] (Uncertain.) 
Preserved. [Eng.] Redeemed. 



Quintin. [Lat.] The fifths 



Ralph. [O. H. Ger.] Same as Ro- 

DOLPHUS. 

Raphael. [Heb.] The healing of 
God. 

Raymond. [O. H. Ger.] Wise pro- 
tection. 

Reginald. [O. H. Ger.] Strong 
ruler. 

Reuben. [Heb.] Behold, a son, 

Reuel. [Heb.] Friend of God. 

Reynold. [O. H. Ger.] Same as 
Reginald. 

Richard. [O. H. Ger.] Rich-heart- 
ed ; powerful. — Dim. Dick, Dicken, 
Dickon (d and r being etymological- 
ly convertible). 

Robert. [O. H. Ger.] Bright in fame. 
— Dim. Bob, Dob, Dobbin, Rob, 
Robin, Pop. 



Roderic, 
Roderick. ) 
Rodolph, 
Rodolphus. 
Roger. [O. 
the spear.- 



[O. H. Ger.] Rich in 

fame. 

{O. H. Ger.] Famous 
wolf, or hero. 
H. Ger.] Famous with 
■Dim. Hodge, Hodgkin 



(h and r being etymologically con 

vertible.) 
Roland. [O. H. Ger.] Same as 

Rowland. [ Fr. f orm . ] 
Rowland. [O. H. Ger.] Fame of 

the land. 
Rudolph, j [O. H. Ger.] Varia- 
Rudolphus. J tions of Rodolphus. 
Rufus. [Lat.] Red; red-haired. 
Rupert. [O. H. Ger.] The same as 

ROBEBT. 



Salmon. 
Samson, 
Sampson. 

felicity. 
Samuel. 



[Heb.] Shady. 

/ [Heb.] Splendid sun; 

) i. e., great joy and 



[Heb.] 

asked for of God. 

my. 
Saul. [Heb.] Asked for. 
Seba. [Heb.] Eminent. 
Sebastian. [Gr.] Venerable; 

erend. 

ierenus.1 t^at.] Calm; peaceful. 
Seth. [Heb.] Appointed. 
Sigismund. [O. H. Ger.] Conquer- 
ing protection. 



Heard of God ; 
-Dim. Sam, Sam- 



rev- 



Silas. [Lat.] 

VANUS. 

Silvanus. [Lat.] 
Silvester. [Lat.] 

try ; rustic. 
Simeon, ) [Heb.] 
Simon. | 
Solomon. 

Sol. 
Stephen. 

Steve. 
Sylvan, 
Sylvanus. 
Sylvester. 



A contraction of SiL- 



Living in a wood. 
Bred in the coun- 

Hearing with ac- 
ceptance. — Dim. Sim. 
[Heb.] Peaceable. — Dim. 

[Gr.] A crown. — Dim. 

j The same as Silvanus. 
The same as Silvester, 



T 

[Syr.] 
[O, H. 



The wise. 
Ger.] Bold 



for 



[Gr.] The gift of God. 
[A.-S.] Powerful among 



010 



Thaddeus. 
Theobald. 

the people. 

Theodore. 

Theodoric. 
the people. 

Theophilus. [ Gr. ] A lover of God. 

Theron. [Gr.] A hunter. 

Thomas. [Heb.] A twin. — Dim. 
Tom, Tommy. 

Timothy. [Gr.] Fearing God. — Dim. 
Tim. 

Titus. [Gr.] (Uncertain.) 

Tobiah, } [Heb.] Distinguished of 

Tobias. J the Lord. — Dim. Toby. 

Tristam, i [Lat.] Grave; pensive; 

Tristram. J melancholy; sorrow- 
ful ; sad. 



U 

A hater. 

Of the town; conr* 

Light of the Lord, 
A husbandman. 
Light o£ God. 



IJlysses 
Urban. 
teous ; 
Uriah. 
Urian. 
Uriel. 



. [Gr.] 

[Lat.] 

polished, 

[Heb.] 

[Dan.] 

[Heb.] 



Christian Names of Men 



Valentine* [Lat.] Strong; healthy; 
powerful. 

Victor. [Lat.] A conqueror. 

Vincent. [Lat.] Conquering; vic- 
torious. 

Vivian. [Lat.] Lively. 

W 

Walter. [O. H. Ger.] Ruling the 
host.— Dim. Wat, Walt. 

William. [O. H. Ger.] Resolute 
helmet, or, helmet of resolution ; de- 
fense; protector. — Dim. Will, Willy, 
and (by interchange of convertible 
letters) Bill, Billy. 

Winfred. [A.-S.] Win-peace. 



Zabdiel. [Heb.] Gift of God. 
Zaccheus. [Heb.] Innocent; pure. 
Zachariah, } [Heb.] Remembered of 
Zachary. ) the Lord. — Dim. 

Zach. 
Zadok. [Heb.] Just. 
Zebadiah, ( [Heb] Gift oi the 
Zebedee. ) Lord. 
Zebina. [Heb.] Bought. 
Zecbariab. [Heb.] The same as 

Zachakiah. 
Zedekiab. [Heb.] Justice of the 

Lord. 
Zelotes. [Gr.] A zealot. 
Zenas. [Gr.] Gift of Jupiter. 
Zepbaniah. [Heb.] Hid of the 

Lord. 



n. NAMES OF WOMEN. 



Abigail. [Heb.] My father's joy. 

— Dim. Abby. 
Acbsa. [Heb.] Anklet. 
Ada. [O. H. Ger.] Same as Edith. 
Adaline. [O. H. Ger.] Same at? 

A 13'ETVr'NE 

Adela. [O. H. Ger.] Same as Ade- 
line. 

Adelaide. [O. H. Ger.] Same as 
Adeline. 

Adelia. [O. H. Ger.] A variation 
of Adela. 

Adelina, j [O. H. Ger.] Of noble 

Adeline. ) birth ; a princess. — Dim 
Addy. 

Agatba. [Gr.] Good; kind. 

Agnes. [Gr.] Chaste; pure. 

Alberta. [O. H. Ger.] Feminine of 
Albeet. 

Aletbea. [Gr.] Truth. 

Alexandra, ) [Gr.] Feminine of 

Alexandrina. | Alexander. 

Alice, ) [O. H. Ger.] Same as Ade- 

Alicia. ( LINE. — Dim. Ally, or Allie. 
Elsie. 

Almira. TAr.] Lofty: a princess. 

Altbea. [Gr.] A healer. 

Amabel. [Lat.] Lovable. 

Amanda. [Lat.] Worthy to be 
loved. 

Amelia. [O. H. Ger.] Busy, ener- 
getic. — See Emeline. 

Amy. [Lat.] BeloTcd 



lSielina'.!l«r.] Lc^ly; angelic 

Ann, ) [Heb,] Grace; — same as 

Anna, > Hannah. — Dim. Annie, 

Anne. ) Nanny, Nancy, Nan, 
Nina. 

Annette. [Heb.] A variation of 
Anne. [Fr. form.] 

Antoinette. [Gr.] Diminutive of 
Antonia. [Fr. form.] — Dim. Net- 
ty. 

Antonia. [Lat.] Inestimable. 

Arabella. [Lat.] A fair altar; oth- 
erwise, an Arabian woman. — Dimo 
Bella, Bel. 

Ariana. [ Gr.] A corruption of 
Akiadne. 

Augusta. [Lat.] Feminine of Au- 
gustus. 

Aurelia. [Lat.] Feminine of AxT= 

EELIUS. 

Aurora. [Lat.] Morning redness; 
fresh; brilliant. 



Barbara. [Gr.] Foreign; strangOe 

— Dim. Bab. 
Beatrice, I [Lat.] Making hap- 
Beatrix. ) py. 

Belinda. (Uncertain.) 
Bertha. [O. H. Ger.] Bright; 

beautiful. — Dim. Berty. 
Betsey. [Heb.] A corruption of 

Elizabeth. 



BU 



CliTistiaii Names of 'Women 



Blanch, 
Blanclie. 



[Teut.] White. 



Bridget. [Celt.] 
Biddy. 



Strength. — Dim. 



Camilla. [Lat.] Attendant at a 
sacrifice. 

Caroline. [O. H. Ger.] Feminine 
of Caeolus, the Latin of Charles. 
[Fr. form.] — Dim. Carrie, Caddie. 

Cassandra. [Gr.] She who inflames 
with love. 

Catharina, ) [Gr.] Pure. — Dim. 

Catharine, > Casy, Kate, Kat- 

Catherine. ) rine, Kit, Kitty. 

Cecilia, / [Lat.] Feminine of Ce- 

Cecily. ) CIL. — Dim. Sisley, Sis, 
Cis. 

Celestine. [Lat.] Heavenly. 

Celia. [Lat.] Feminine of CcE- 
Lius. [It. form.] 

Charlotte. [O. H. Ger.] Feminine 
of Chaeles. 

Chloe. [Gr.] A green herb ; blooming. 

Christiana, ) [Gr.] Feminine of 

Christina. ) Cheistianus, Lat. 

for Christian. — Dim. Chrissie, Xina. 

Cicely. [Lat.] A corruption of Ce- 
cilia. 

Clara. [Lat.] Bright; illustrious. 
— Dim. Clare. 

Clarice, ( [Lat.] A variation of 

Clarissa. ) Claea. — Dim. Clare. 

Claudia. [Lat.] Feminine of Clau- 
dius. 

g}|SISt1ne":! fLat.] Mild; gentle. 
Constance. [Lat.] Firm ; constant. 
Cora. [Gr.] Maiden; — another form 

of COEINNA. 

Cordelia. [Lat.] Warm-hearted. 
Corinna. [Gr.] Maiden. 
Cornelia. [Lat.] Feminine of CoE- 

KELIUS. 

Cynthia. [Gr.] Belonging to Mt. 
Cynthus. 

B 

Deborah. [Heb.] A bee. — Dim. 

Debby, Deb. 
Delia. [Gr.] Of Delos. 
Diana. [Lat.] Goddess. — Dim. Di, 

Die. 
Dinah. [Heb.] Judged. 
Dora. [Gr.] A contraction of DoE- 

OTHEA. 

Dorcas. [Gr.] A gazelle. 
Dorinda. [Gr.] Same as DoEO- 

THEA. 



Dorothea, ) [Gr.] The gift of God. 

Dorothy, j — Dim. Dol, Dolly (1 

and r being etymologically converti- 
ble.) 

Drusilla. (Uncertain.) 

£ 

Edith. [O. H. Ger.] Happiness; 

otherwise, rich gift. 
Edna. [Heb.] Pleasure. 
Eleanor, | [Gr.] Light; — the same 
Elinor. ) as Helen.— Dim. Ella, 

Nell, Nora. 
Elisabeth, | [Heb.] Worshiper of 
Elizabeth, > God ; consecrated to 
Eliza. ) God. — Dim. Bess, 

Bessey, Betsey, Betty, Lizzy, Libby, 

Lisa. 
Ella. [Gr.] A contraction of Ele- 

AKOE. 

Ellen. [Gr.] Diminutive of Eleanoe. 

Elvira. [Lat.] White. 

Emeline, j [O. H. Ger.] Ener- 

Emmeline. j getic ; industrious. 

Emily. [O. H. Ger.] Same as Em- 
eline. 

Emma. [O. H. Ger.] Same as Eme- 
line. — ■'Dim. Emm, Emmie. 

Ernestine. [Ger.] Feminine and 
dim. of Eenest. 

Esther. [Per.] Star; good fortune. 

Ethel. [O. H. Ger.] Noble; of 
noble birth ; — same as Adela. 

iSliiSakJlTeut.] Noble snake. 

Eudora. [Gr.] Good gift. 

Eugenia. [Gr.] Feminine of Eu- 
gene. 

Eugenie. [Gr.] Same as Euge- 
nia. [Fr. form.] 

Eulalia. [Gr.] Fair speech. 

Eunice. [Gr.] Happy victory. 

Euphemia. [Gr.] Of good report. 
— Dim. Effie. 

Eva. [Heb.] Life. 

Evangeline. [Gr.] Bringing glad 
news. 

Eve. [Heb.] The same as Eva. 

Evelina, | [Heb.] Diminutive of 

Eveline. ) Eva. [It. form.] 



Fanny. [Ger.] A diminutive of 

Feances. 
Faustina. [Lat.] Lucky. 
Felicia. [Lat.] Happiness. 
Fidelia. [Lat.] Faithful. 
Flora. [Lat.] Flowers. 
Florence. [Lat.] Blooming; flour- 



ishing. 



912 



Cliristian Names of 'Women 



Frances. [Ger.] Feminine of Fkan- 

cis. — Dim. Fanny, Frank. 
Frederica. [O. H. Ger.] Feminine 

of Feedebick. — Dim. Freddie. 



Georgiana, ) [Gr.] Feminine of 
Georgina. j George. 

Geraldine. Feminine of Geeald. 
Gertrude. [O. H. Ger.] Spear- 
maiden. — Dim. Gertie, Trudy. 

gIIuL \ [Lat.] Grace, favor. 
Griselda. [Teut.] Stone-heroine. 
— Dim. Grissel. 

H 

Hannah. [Heb.] The same as Anna. 
Harriet, { [O. H. Ger.] Feminine di- 
Harriot. \ minutive of Henky [Eng. 

form.] — Dim. Hatty. 
Helen, ) [Gr.] Light.— Dim. Nell, 
Helena, j Nelly. 
Henrietta. [O. H. Ger.] Feminine 

and diminutive of Henry. [Fr, 

form.] — Dim. Etta, Hetty. 
Hephzibali. [Heb.] My delight is 

in her. 

Hesther. Mp^^-I Same as Esther. 
Hilaria. [Lat.] Feminine of Hilary. 
HoSSri^.! [Lat.] Honorable. 
Hortensia. [Lat.] A lady gardener. 
Huldali. [Heb.] A weasel. 



Ida» [O. H. Ger.] Godlike. 

Inez. [Gr.] The same as Agnes. 

[Pg. form.] 
Irene. [Gr.] Peaceful. 
Isabel, I [Heb.] The same as Eliz- 
Isabella. j . abeth. — Dim. Bel, Bella. 



Jamesinao [Heb.] Feminine of 
James. 

.Tane. [Heb.] Feminine of John; 
— Same as Joanna. 

Janet. [Heb.] Dim. of Jane. 

Jaqueline. [Heb.] Feminine of 
James. [Fr. form.] 

Jean, \ [Heb.] The same as 

Jeanne, / Jane or Joan. 

Jeannette. ) [Fr. forms.] 

Jemima. [Heb.] A dove. 

Jerusba. [Heb.] Possessed ; mar- 
ried. 



Joanna, 1 tHeb.] Feminine of John. 



Josepba, ) [Heb.] Feminine of 

Josephine. | Joseph. — Dim. 
Jozy, Pheny. 

Joyce. [Lat.] Sportive. 

Judith. [Heb.] Praised. — Dim. Judy 

Julia. [Lat.] Feminine of Julius! 

Juliana. [Lat.] Feminine of Ju- 
lian. 

Juliet. [Lat.] Diminutive of Ju- 
lia. [Fr. form.] 

Justina. [Lat.] Feminine of Jus- 
tin. 

K 

Katharine, ) [Gr.] Same as Cath- 
Katherine. ) arine. 

Keturah. [Heb.] Incense. 
Keziah. [Heb.] Cassia. 



Laura. [Lat.] A laurel. 
Lavinia. [Lat.] Of Latium. 
Leonora. [Gr.] Same as Eleanor. 
Letitia. [Lat.] Happiness. 
Lettice. A corruption of Letitia. 

£■»-.( [Lat] Lily. 

Lois. [Gr.] Good ; desirable. 
Louisa, I [O. H. Ger.] Feminine of 
Louise. I Louis. — Dim. Louie. 
Lucia. [Lat.] Same as Lucy. [It. 

form.] 
Lucinda. [Lat.] The same as Lucy. 
Lucre tia. [Lat.] Gain ; otherwise, 

light. 
Lucy. [Lat.] Feminine of Lucius. 
Lydia. [Gr.] A native of Lydia, in 

Asia Minor. 

M 

Mabel. [Lat.] A contraction of 
Amabel. 

Madeline. [Heb.] Same as Mag- 
dalene. [Fr. form.] 

Magdalene. [Heb.] Belonging to 
Magdala. — Dim. Maud, Maudlin. 

Marcella. [Lat.] Feminine of Mar- 

CELLUS. 

Marcia. Feminine of Marcius. 

Margaret. [Gr.] A pearl. — Dim. 
Gritty, Mag, Madge, Maggy, Margie, 
Margery, Meg, Meggy, Meta, Peg, 
Peggy (m and p being cognate let- 
ters). 

Maria. [Heb.] The same as Mary. 
[Lat. form.] 

Marianne. [Heb.] A compound of 
Mary and Anne. 

Marion. [Heb.] A French form of 
Mary. 



913 



Christian Names of "Woinen 



Martha. [Heb.] The ruler of the 
house ; otherwise sorrowful. — Dim. 
Mat, Matty, Pat, Patty. 

Mary. [Heb.] Bitter; otherwise, 
their rebellion, or star of the sea. — 
Dim. Moll, Molly, Pol, Polly, May. 

Mathilda, [O. H. Ger.] Mighty bat- 
Matilda. ) tie-maid; heroine. — 
Dim. Mat, Matty, Maud, Patty (m 
and p being convertible). 

Maud. A contraction of Mathilda, 
or Magdalene. 

May. A Diminutive of Maby. 

Mehetahel, ( [Heb.] Benefited of 

Mehitable. ( God. 

Melicent. [Lat.] Sweet singer, 

Melissa. [Gr.] A bee. 

Mildred. [Ger.] Mild threatener. 

Miranda. [Lat.] Admirable. 

Miriam. [Heb.] The same as Mary. 

Myra. [Gr.] She who weeps or la- 
ments. 

N 
Nancy. A familiar form of Anke. 

— Dim. Nan, Nance, Nina. 
Nora. A contraction of HoNORA, 



Octavia. [Lat.] Feminine of OCTA- 
vius. — Dim. Tavy, Tave. 

OUvia. I fl^^t-] ^^ olive. 
Ophelia. [Gr.] Serpent. 
Olympia. [Gr.] Heavenly, 

P 

Paula. [Lat.] Feminine of Paul. 
Paulina, ) [Lat.] Feminine of Pau- 
Pauline. \ LINUS. 
Penelope. [Gr.] A weaver. 
Persis. [Gr.] A Persian woman. 
Philippa. [Gr.] Feminine of Philip. 
Phoehe. [Gr.] Pure; radiant. — 

Dim. Phpbe. 
Phehe. [Gr.] The same as Phcebe. 
Phyllis. [Gr.] A green bough. 
Polly. [Eng.] Variation of Molly. 
Priscilla. [Lat.] Somewhat old. 

R 

Rachel. [Heb.] A ewe. 
Rebecca, | [Heb.] Of enchanting 
Rebekah. J beauty.— Dim. Becky. 
Rhoda. [Ger.] A rose. 
Rosa. [Lat.] A rose. 
Rosabel, I tt ^ -, * « . 
Rosabella. } ll^at.] A fair rose. 

Rosalia, j [Lat.] Little and bloom- 
Rosalie. J ing rose. [Fr. and It. 
forms.] 



Rosalind. [Lat.] Beautiful as a rose. 
Rosamond. [Teut.] Horse-protee- 

tion, i. e. famous protection. 
Roxana. [Per.] Dawn of day. 
Ruth. [Heb.] Beauty. 

S 
Sabina. [Lat] A Sabine woman. 
Salome. [Heb.] Peaceful. 
Sara, ) [Heb.] A princess. — Dim. 
Sarah. } Sal, Sally. 
Selina [Gr.] Parsley. 
Serena. [Lat.] Feminine of Se- 
RENUS or Sereno. 

Sibylla. I [^^-1 A prophetess. 
Sophia. [Gr.] Wisdom.— Dim. Sophy. 
Sophronia. [Gr.] Of a sound mind. 
Stella. [Lat.] A star. 
Stephana. [Gr.] Feminine of 
Stephen. 

l«S««o hHeb.] A lily.— Dim. 
sSsaSSah.) Sue,Suke,Suky,Suzy. 



Tabitha. [Syr.] A gazelle. 

Theodora. [Gr.] Feminine of 
Theodore. — Dim. Dora. 

Theodosia. [Gr.] The gift of God. 

Theresa. [Gr.] Carrying ears of 
corn. — Dim. Terry, Tracy. 

Tryphena. [Gr.] Delicate; luxuri- 
ous. 

Tryphosa. [Gr.] Luxurious ; dainty. 

tJ 

Ulrica. [O. H. Ger.] Rich. 
Urania. [ Gr. ] Heavenly ; — the 

name of one of the Muses. 
Ursula. [Lat.] She-bear. 

V 

Valeria. [Lat.] Feminine of Va- 
lerius. 

Victoria. [Lat.] Victory. Fem- 
inine of Victor. 

Vida. [Erse.] Feminine of David. 

Viola. [Lat.] A violet. 

Virginia. [Lat] Virgin; pure. 

Vivian. [Lat.] Lively. 

W 

Wilhelmina. [O. H. Ger.] Fem- 
inine of Wilhelm, German of 
William. — ^Dim. Wilmett, .Wilmot, 
Mina, Minella. 

"Winifred. [Teut.] Lover of peace. 



M4 



Zenobia. 

Jupiter. 



[Gr.] Having life from 



FOREIGN 



WORDS, PHRASES, PROVERBS, QUOTATION^ AND 
COLLOQUIAL EXPRESSIONS, 

FREQUENTLY OCCURRING IN 

LITERATURE AND CONVERSATION^ 

WITH THEIR 

ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS. 

KOTB.— X. Latin; Fr. French; Ger, German; It. Italian; Sp. Spanish; Gr. Graek. 



a bas. [Fr.] Down; at the foot; 
upon the ground. 

a la Francaise. [Fr.] After the 
French mode. 

a la mode. [Fr.] In fashion. 

a I'Anglaise. [Fr.] After the Eng- 
lish fashion. 

a I'outrance. [Fr.] To the utmost. 

a plomb. [Fr.] Perpendicularly. 

a propos. [Fr.] To the point. 

a propos de bottes. [Fr.] Apro- 
pos to boots ; without reason. 

a fortiori. [L.] With stronger rea- 
son. 

a mensa et thoro. [L.] From bed 
and board. 

a posteriori. [L.] From the effect 
to the ^ cause. 

& priori. [L.] From the cause to 
the effect. 

a vinculo matrimonii. [L.] From 
the tie of marriage. 

ab extra. [L.] From without. 

ab initio. [L.] From the begin- 
ning. 

ab intra. [L.] From within. 

ab ovo usque ad mala. [L,] From 
the egg to the apples; from begin- 
ning to end. 

ab nno disce omnes. [L.] From 
one learn all ; from a single instance 
infer the whole. 



absente reo. [L.] The defendant 

being absent, 
abusus non tollit nsum. [L.] 

Abuse is not an argument against 

proper use. 
ad astra. [L.] To the stars, or to 

an exalted state. 
ad Calendas Graecas. [L.] At the 

Greek Calends; i. e., never, as the 

Greeks had no Calends. 
ad captandum vulgus. [L.] To 

catch the rabble. 
ad eundem (sc. gradum). [L.] To 

the same degree. 
ad finem. [L.] To the end. 
ad hominem. [L.] To the man; 

that is, to his interests and passions. 
ad infinitum. [L.] To infinity. 
ad interim. [L.] In the mean while, 
ad libitum. [L.] At pleasure. 
ad nauseam. [L.] To disgust. 
ad utrumque paratus. [L.J Pre* 

pared for either event. 
ad valorem. [L.] According to the 

value. 
adscriptus glebas. [L.] Belonging 

or attached to the soil. 
sequam servare mentem. [L.] To 

preserve an equable mind. 
aequo animo. [L.] With an equa- 
ble mind ; with equanimity. 
setatis suae. [L.] Of his (or her) age. 
affaire d'amour. [Fr.] A love af- 
fair. 



015 



Words, Flirases, Frovertts 



a£Paire du coeur. [Fr.] An affair 

of the heart. 
agenda. [L.] Things to be done. 
alere flannuam. [L.] To feed the 

flame. 
alls volat propriis. [L.] She flies 

with her own wings ; — the motto of 

Oregon. 
allons. [Fr.] Let us go ; come. 
alma mater. [L.] A fostering 

mother. 
alter ego. [L.] Another self. 
alter idem. [L.] Another precisely 

similar 
amende honorable. [Fr.] Satis- 
factory apology ; reparation. 

[L.] A friend of 



Self-love : 



[Fr.] 

[Fr.] Ancient order 
According to the 
In the year 



amicus curiae. 

the court. 
amour propre 

vanity. 
ancien regime. 

of things. 
anglice. [L.] 

English manner. 
anno setatis suse. [L.] 

of his (or her) age. 
anno Christi. [L.] In the year of 

Christ. 
anno Domini. [L.] In the year 

of our Lord. 
anno mundi. [L.] In the year of 

the world. 
anno urbis conditse. [L.] In the 

year the city (Rome) was built. 
antebellum. [L.] Before the war. 
ante meridiem. [L.] Before noon. 
appui. [Fr.] Point of support. 
aqua vitse. [L.] Brandy ; spirit ; 

alcohol. 
arbiter elegantiarum. [L.] An 

umpire in matters of taste. 
argumentum ad bominem. [L.] 

An argument deriving its force from 

the situation of the person to whom 

it is addressed. 
argumentum ad ignorantiam. 

[L.] An argument founded on an 

adversary's ignorance of facts. 
argumentum ad verecundiam. 

[L.] An argument to modesty. 
arriere pensee. [Fr.] A mental 

reservation. 
au contraire. [Fr.] On the con- 
trary. 
au fait. [Fr.] Well instructed.. 
au Teste. [Fr.] As for the rest. 
au re voir. [Fr.] Adieu until we 

meet again. 
audi alteram partem. [L.] Hear 

the other side. 



bluestocking. 
The fashionable 

Gay spirits ; 



auri sacra fames. [L.] The ac- 
cursed thirst for gold. 
aut vincere aut mori. [L.] Either 

to conquer or to die. 
aux armes. [Fr.] To arms. 

B 

bas-bleu. [Fr.] A 
beau monde. [Fr.] 

world. 
beaux esprits. [Fr.] 

men of wit. 

beaux yeux. [Fr.] Handsome eyes ; 
that is, attractive looks. 

bel esprit. [Fr.] A brilliant mind. 

ben trovato. [It.] Well found; a 
happy invention. 

bete noir. [Fr.] A black beast; a 
bugbear. 

bienseance. [Fr.] Civility ; decorum. 

billet d'amour, { nj,„ ^ a i« ^ i^^-^.^^ 

billet doux. }t^^-3 A love-letter. 

bizarre. [Fr.] Odd; fantastic. 

blase. [Fr.] Pallid ; surf eited ; ren* 
dered incapable of continued en- 
joyment. 

bona fide. [L.] In good faith. 

bon gre mal gre, [Fr.] Willing or 
unwilling. 

bon jour. [L.] Good day; good 
morning 

bon soir. 

bonbomie. 
plicity. 

boulevard. [Fr.] A public walk 
or street occupying the site of de- 
molished fortifications. 

bouleversement. [Fr.] Overturn- 
ing ; subversion. 

bourgeois. [Fr.] A man of middle 
rank in society. 

bourgeoisie. [Fr.] Middle classes 
of society ; traders. 

brevet d'invention. [Fr.] A patent. 

brochure. [Fr.] A pamphlet. 

brusque. [Fr.] Rude; blunt. 

brutum fulmen. 
thunderbolt. 



[L.] Good evening. 
[Fr.] Good-natured sim- 



[L.] A harmless 



916 



cacoetbes. [L.] An evil habit, 
cacoetbes loqueudi. [L.] A rage 

for speaking. 

cacoetbes scribendi. [L.] An itch 
for scribbling. 

caetera desunt. [L.] The remain- 
der is wanting. 

cseteris paribus. [L.] Other things 
being equal. 

cafe. [Fr.] A coffee-house. 



Words, Pbrases, ProverTis 



caleclie. [Fr.] A half-coach or 
calash. 

calembour. [Fr.] A pun. 

canaille. [Fr.] The rabble. 

cantatrice. [It.] A female profes- 
sional singer. 

capias ad respondenduiu. [L.] 
You may take to answer ; — a writ 
for taking and keeping the defend- 
ant to answer the plaintiff in the 
action. 

capias ad satisfacieudniu. [L.] 
You may take to satisfy ; — a writ 
for taking and keeping the party 
named until he gives satisfaction to 
the party by whom it is issued. 

captatio benevolentise. [L.] A cur- 
rying- favor. 

caput mortuum. [L.] The worth- 
less remains. 

carpe diem. [L.] Enjoy the present 
day. 

casus belli. [L.] That which in- 
volves or justifies war. 

catalogue raisouue. [Fr.] A cat- 
alogue of books arranged according 
to their subjects. 

caveat emptor. [L.] Let the buyer 
beware. 

c'est a dire. [Fr.] That is to say. 

cbamps Elysees. [Fr.] Elysian 
Fields. 

cbanson. [Fr.] A song. 

cbapeau bas. [Fr.] Hats off. 

cbapeau bras. [Fr.] A military 
cocked hat. 

cbarge d'a£Paires. [Fr.] An in- 
ferior diplomatic representative at a 
foreign court. 

cbarivari. [Fr.] A mock serenade 
of discordant music. 

cbateaux en Espagne. [Fr.] Cas- 
tled in Spain, the land of romance ; 
castles in the air. 

chef-d'aeuvre. [Fr.] A masterpiece. 

cbere amie. [Fr.] A dear friend ; 
a mistress. 

cbevalier d'industrie. [Fr.] A 
knight of industry ; one who lives by 
persevering fraud. 

cbronique scandaleuse. [Fr.] A 
chronicle of vices and crimes. 

ci-devant. [Fr.] Formerly ; former. 

circa, or circiter. [L.] About. 

cito maturum, cito putridum. 
[L.] Soon ripe, soon rotten. 

citoyen. [Fr.] A citizen; a bur- 
. sher. 

civilitas snccessit barbarum. 
[L.] Civilization succeeds barbar- 



ism ; — the motto of Minnesota when 

a territory. 
coiffeur. [Fr.] A hair-dresser. 
comme il f aut. [Fr.] As it should 

be. 
compos mentis. [L.] Of a sound 

mind. 
compte rendu. [Fr.] Account ren- 
dered; report. 
con amore. [It.] With love ; ear- 
nestly. 
concio ad clerum. [L.] A discourse 

to the clergy. 
confrere. [Fr.] A brother; an 

associate. 
conge d'elire. [Fr.] A leave to elect. 
contretemps. [Fr.] An awkward 

mishap or accident. 
conversazione. [It.] A meeting of 

company for conversation. 
coram nobis. [L.] Before us. 
coram non judice. [L.] Before 

one who is not the proper judge. 
cordon sanitaire. [Fr.] A line of 

troops to prevent the spreading of 

pestilence. 
corps de garde. [Fr.] A body of men 

who watch in a guard-room; the 

guard-room itself. 
corps de garde diplomatique. 

[Fr.] A diplomatic body. 
corpus delicti. [L.] The substance 

or foundation of the offense. 
corrigenda. [L.] Typographical er- 
rors to be corrected. 
couleur de rose. [Fr.] Rose color; 

an aspect of attractiveness. 
coup d'etat. [Fr.] A stroke of 

policy in public affairs. 
coup de grace. [Fr.] A finishing 

stroke. 
coup de main. [Fr.] A sudden 

enterprise or effort. 
coup de soleil. [Fr.] A stroke of 

the sun. 
coute qu'il coute. [Fr.] Let it 

cost what it may. 
crede quod babes, et babes. [L.] 

Believe that you have it, and you 

have it. . . . n- t 

crescite, et multiplicamini. [L.J 

Grow, or increase, and multiply; — 
the motto of Maryland. 

crevasse. [Fr.] A deep crevice; a 
breach. 

crimen falsi. [L.] Falsehood ; per- 
jury. 

crimen Isesae ma jestatis, [L.] High 

treason. 



917 



Words, Phrases, Proverbs 



crux criticornm. [L.] The puzzle 
of critics. 

cui bono? [L.] For whose benefit? 
Colloquially, but erroneously, of 
what use? 

onisine. [Fr.] A kitchen ; cookery. 

cvLzn «:rano salis. [L.] With a grain 
of salt ; with some allowance. 

cum privalegio. [L.] With priv- 
ilege. 

Guriosa felicitas. [L.] A felicitous 
tact. 

currente calamo. [L.I Witb a run- 
ning or rapid pen. 

custos rotulorum. [L.] iieepei' of 
the rolls. 



dal segno. [It.] Repeat from the 

sign. 
de bonis non. [L.] Of the goods 

not yet administered on. 
de facto. [L.] From the fact; 

really. 
de gustibus non est disputandum. 

[L.] There is no disputing about 

tastes. 
de jure. [L.] From the law ; by 

right. 
de mortuis nil nisi bonum. [L.] 

Say nothing but good of the dead. 
de nihilo nihil fit. [L.] Of noth- 
ing nothing is made. 
de novo. [L.] Anew. 
de profundis. [L.] Out of the 

depths. 
de trop. [Fr.] Too much, or too 

many ; not wanted. 
dehors. [Fr.] Without; out of; 

foreign ; irrelevant. 
Dei gratia. [L.] By the grace of 

God. 
demi-monde. [Fr.] Disreputable 

female society ; abandoned women. 
Deo gratias. [L.] Thanks to God. 
Deo juvante. [L.] With God's help. 
Deo volente. [L.] God willing. 
dernier ressort. [Fr.] A last 

resource. 
desipere in loco. [L.] To jest at 

the proper time. 
desunt csetera. [L.] The remain- 
der is wanting. 
detur digniori. [L.] Let it be 

given to the more worthy. 
deus ex machina. [L.] A god from 

the machine ; i. e., from a theatrical 

contrivance for making gods appear 

in the air ; hence, an unexpected 

and fortunate occurrence. 



918 



dies faustus. [L.] A lucky day. 
dies infaustus. [L.] An unlucky 

day. 

dies irae. [L.] Day of wrath. 

dies non. [L.] A day on which 
judges do not sit. 

Dieu defend le droit. [Fr.] God 
defends the right. 

Dieu et mon droit. [Fr.3 God an^ 
my right. 

dignus vindice nocj.H»'. [L.] A 
knot worthy to be lOOsened by such 
hands. 

dirigo. [L.] I direct or guide; — 
the motto of Maine. 

disjecta membra. [L.] Scattered 
limbs or remains. 

distingue. [Fr.] Distinguished; 
eminent. 

distrait. [Fr.] Absent in thought. 

divide et impera. [L.] Divide and 
rule. 

dolce. [It.] Soft, — used in music. 

dolce f ar niente. [It.] Sweet doing- 
nothing ; sweet idleness. 

Dominus vobiscum. [L.] The 
Lord be with you. 

double entente. [Fr.] Double mean- 
ing ; a play on words. 

douceur. [Fr.] Sweetness ; a bribe. 

dramatis personse. [L.] Charac- 
ters represented in a drama. 

dulce et decorum est pro patria 
mori. [L.] It is sweet and honor- 
able to die for one's country. 

dum vivimus, vivamus. [L.] While 
we live, let us live.^ 

durante beneplacito. [L.] Dur- 
ing good pleasure. 

durante vita. [L.] During life. 



eau de vie. [Fr.] Water of* life; 
brandy. 

ecce homo. [L.] Behold the man ; — > 
applied specifically to any picture 
representing the Savior given up to 
the people by Pilate, and wearing 
the crown of thorns. 

ecce signum. [L.] Behold the sign. 

e pluribus unum. [L.] One out 
of many ; one composed of many ; — ■ 
the motto of the United States. 

editio princeps. [L.] The first 
edition. 

egalite. [Fr.] Equality. 

eleve. [Fr.] A pupil ; a foster child. 

elite. [Fr.] A choice or select body 
of persons. 

eloge. [Fr.] A funeral oration. 



Words, Phrases, Proverbs 



[Fr.] Estrangement. 
[Fr.] Plumpness ; 



eloignement 
embonpoint. 

fleshiness. 

emeute. [Fr.] A riot; a mob. 

employe. [Fr.] One who is em- 
ployed by another; a person in ser- 
vice. 

en arriere. [Fr.] In the rear. 

en avaut! [Fr,] Forward! 

en deshabille. [Fr.] In undress. 

en famille. [Fr.] In a domestic 

en fin.' [Fr.] At last ; finally. 

en passant. [Fr.] In passing; by 

the way. 
en plein jour. [Fr.] In broad 

day. 
en rapport. [Fr.] In a condition 

or relation of sympathy. 
en regie. [Fr.] In order; accord- 



On the way. 
In company. 
Pregnant. 
[Fr.] Lost children 



ing to rules 

en route. [Fr.] 

en suite. [Fr,] 

enciente. [Fr.] 

enfans perdus. 
a forlorn hope. 

enfant gate. [Fr.] A spoiled child. 

ennui. [Fr.] A feeling of weari- 
ness and disgust ; tedium. 

ensemble. [Fr.] The whole. 

ense petit placidam sub liber- 
tate quietem. [L.] With the 
sword she seeks quiet peace under 
liberty ; — the motto of Massachu- 
setts. 

entente cordiale. [Fr.] Evidences 
of good will and justice toward each 
other, exchanged by the chief per- 
sons of two states. 

entourage. [Fr.] Surroundings ; ad- 
juncts. 

entree. [Fr.] Entry ; first course 
at table. 

entre nous. [Fr.] Between our- 
selves. 

entrepot. [Fr.] A bonded ware- 
house ; a free port. 

ergo. [L.] Therefore. 

espieglerie. [Fr.] Sportive tricks. 

esprit de corps. [Fr.] The anima- 
ting spirit of a collective body. 

esprit des lois. [Fr.] Spirit of the 
laws. 

esto perpetua. [L.] Let it be per- 
petual. 

est modus in rebus. [L.] There is 
a medium in all things. 

et cum spiritu tuo. [L.] And with 
thy spirit. 



et id genus omne. [L.] And every 

thing of the sort, 

et sic de similibus, [L,] And so of 
the like. 

et tu Brute! [L.J And thou also, 
Brutus ! 

eureka. [Gr.] I have found it; — 
the motto of California. 

ex animo. [L,] Heartily. 

ex cathedra. [L.] From the bench ; 
with high authority. 

ex officio. [L.] By virtue of his 
ofiace. 

ex parte. [L,] On one side only. 

ex pede Herculem. [L.] We rec- 
ognize a Hercules from the size of 
the foot ; that is, we judge of the 
whole from the specimen. 

ex post facto. [L.] After the deed 
is done. 

ex tempore. [L.] Without pre- 
meditation. 

ex uno disce omnes. [L.] From 
one learn all. 

ex vi termini. [L.] By the mean- 
ing or force of the expression. 

excelsior. [L.] Higher; more ele- 
vated ; — the motto of New York. 

excerpta. [L,] Extracts. 

exempli gratia. [L.] By way of 
example. 

exeunt. [L.] They go out. 

exeunt omnes. [L.] All go out. 

experimentum crucis. [L.] The 
experiment of the cross; a decisive 
experiment. 

experto crede. [L.] Trust one who 
has tried, or had experience. 

expose. [Fr.] An exposition. 



facile princeps. [L.] Evidently 

preeminent ; the admitted chief. 
fait accompli. [Fr.] A thing 

ready done. 
faubourg. [Fr.] 
fauteuil. [Fr.] 
faux pas. [Fr.] 
felo de se. [Fr.] 
femme couverte. 

woman. 
femme de chambre. 

chambermaid. 
ferae naturae. [L.] 

nature. 
festina lente. [L.] Hasten slowly. 
fete champetre. [Fr.] A rural 

festival. 
feu de joie. [Fr.] A firing of guns 

in token of joy ; a bonfire. 
019 



al- 



A suburb. 
An easy chair. 
A false step. 

A suicide. 

[Fr.] A married 



. [Fr.] A 
Of a wild 



Words, Phrases, ProverTjs 



feuilleton. [Fr.] Bottom part of a 
French newspaper, separated by a 
line from the rest, and devoted to 
light literature, criticism, etc. 

fiacre. [Fr.] A hack. 

fiat justitia, ruat cselum. [L.] 
Let justice be done though the heav- 
ens fall. 

Let there be light. 
[L.] Defender of 



fiat lux. [L.] 
fidei defensor 

the faith. 
fides Punica. 

treachery. 
fidus Achates. 



[L.] Punic faith 



[L.] Faithful Acha- 
tes ; i. e., a true friend. 

filius nuUius. [L.] A son of no- 
body. 

filus terrse, [L.] One of low birth. 

fille de chambre. [Fr.] A cham- 
bermaid. 

fille de joie. [Fr.] A prostitute. 

flagrante bello. [L.] During hos- 
tilities. 

flagrante delicto. [L.] In the 
commission of the crime. 

fortiter in re. [L.] With firmness 
in acting. 

franco. [It.] Post free. 

friseur. [Fr.] A hair-dresser. 

fuit Ilium. [L.] Troy has been. 

fusillade. [Fr.] A simultaneous 
discharge of fire-arms. 

G 

gallice. [L.] In French. 
garcon. [Fr.] A boy, or a waiter. 
garde du corps. [Fr.] A body 

guard. 
genius loci. [L.] The genius of 

the place. 
gens d'armes. [Fr.] Armed police. 
genus irritabile vatum. [L.] The 

irritable race of poets. 
germanice. [L.] In German. 
glebse ascriptus. [L.] A servant 

belonging to the soil. 
Crloria in Excelsis. [L.] Glory to 

God in the highest. 
Gloria Patri. [L.] Glory be to the 

Father. 
gnotbi seauton. [Gr.] Know thy- 
self. 



hand passibus acquis. 

with equal steps. 
haute nouveaute. [Fr.] 

novelty. 
haut gout. [Fr.] High 

fine or elegant taste- 



[L.] Not 

A great 

flavor ; 



helluo librorum. [L.] A devourer 

of books ; a book-worm. 
hiatus valde deflendus. [L.] A 

deficiency much to be regretted. 
hie et ubique. [L.] Here and 

everywhere. 
hie jacet. [L.] Here lies. 
hie labor, hoc opus est. [L.] 

This is labor, this is work. 
hoc age. [L.] Do this. 
hoc tempore. [L.] At this time. 
honi soit qui mal y pense. [Fr.] 

Shame on him who evil thinks. 
hora e sempre. [It.] It is always 

time. 
hors de combat. [Fr.] Out of con- 
dition to fight. 
humanum est errare. [L.] To 

err is human. 



ich dien. [Ger.] I serve. 

id est. [L.] That is. 

id genus omne. [L,] All of that 
sort. 

ignotum per ignotius. [L.] That 
which is unknown by something 
still more unknown. 

imperium in imperio. [L.] A 
government within a government. 

imprimatur. [L.] Let it be printed ; 
— a license to print a book, etc. 

improvvisatore. [It.] An im- 
promptu poet. 

improvvisatrice. [It.] An im- 
promptu poetess. 

in seternum. [L.] Forever. 

in articulo mortis. [L.] At the 
point of death ; in the last struggle. 

in commendam. [L.] In trust. 

in curia. [L.] In the court. 

in equilibrio. [L.] In equilib- 
rium. 

in esse. [L.] In being. 

in extremis. [L.] At the point of 
death. 

in flagrante delicto. 
in the fact. 

in forma pauperis. 
poor man. 

in foro conscientise. 
the tribunal of conscience. 

in futuro. [L.] In future 
forth. 

in hoc siguo vinces. [L.] 



[L.] 
[L.] 
[L.] 



Taken 

As a 

Before 

; hence- 

In this 
sign, or under this standard, thou 
shalt conquer. 

in limine. [L.] At the threshold. 

in loco parentis. [L.] In the 
place of a parent. 

920 



"Words, Phrases, Proverbs 



in xnedias res. [L.] Into the midst 
of things, or affairs. 

in medio tutissixnus ibis. [L.] 
You will go most safely in the 
middle. 

in xuemoriam. [L.] In memory. 

in nubibus. [L.] In the clouds. 

in perpetiium. [L.] Forever. 

in posse. [L.] In possible existence. 

in propria persona. [L.] In per- 
son. 

in puris naturalibus. [L.] Quite 
naked. 

in re. [L,] In the matter of. 

in rem. [L.] Against the thing. 

in ssecula ssecniorum. [L.] For 
ages on ages. 

in situ. [L.l In its original situa- 
tion. 

in statu quo. [L.] In the former 
state. 

in terror em. [L.] As a warning. 

in toto. [L.] In the whole ; entirely. 

in totidem verbis. [L.] In so 
many words. 

in transitu. [L,] On the passage, 

in usum Delphini. [L.] For the 
use of the Dauphin. 

in utrumque paratus. [L.] Pre- 
pared for either event. 

in vacuo. [L.] In empty space. 

in verba magistri jurare. [L,] 
To swear to, or by, the words of 
another; to adopt opinions on the 
authority of another. 

in vino Veritas. [L.] There is 
truth in wine. 

infanta. [Sp.] A princess of the 
blood royal in Spain and Portugal. 

infante. [Sp.] Any son of the 
king, except the eldest, or heir ap- 
parent. 

insouciance. [Fr.] Indifference ; 
carelessness. 

instar omnium. [L.] Like all. 

inter alia. [L.] Among other 
things. 

inter nos. [L.] Between ourselves. 

invita Minerva. [L.] Without 
genius. 

ipse dixit. [L.] He himself said it. 

ipsissima verba. [L.] The very 
words. 

ipso facto. [L.] In the fact itself. 

ipso jure. [L.] By the law itself. 



jacta est alea. [L.] The die is cast. 

je ne sais quoi. [Fr.] I know not 

what. 



921 



jeu de mots. [Fr.] A play on 

words ; a pun. 
jeu d'esprit. [Fr.] A witticism. 
Jupiter tonans. [L.] Jupiter the 

thunderer. 
jure divino. [L.] By divine law, 
jus civile. [L.] Civil law. 
jus divinum. [L,] Divine law. 
jus et norma loquendi. [L.] The 

law and rule of speech. 
jus gentium. [L.] Law of nations. 
juste milieu. [Fr.] The golden 

mean. 



labor ipse voluptas. [L.] Labor 

itself is pleasure. 

labor omnia vincit. [L.] Labor 
conquers everything. 

laissez faire. [Fr.] Let alone. 

lapsus linguse. [L.] A slip of the 
tongue. 

latet anguis in berba. [L.] A 
snake lies hid in the grass. 

laudator tem.poris acti. [L.] A 
praiser of time past. 

laus Deo. [L.] Praise to God. 

le beau monde. [Fr.] The fash- 
ionable world. 

le diable boiteux. [Fr.] The 
lame devil. 

le roi et I'etat. [Fr.] King and 
state. 

le roi le veut. [Fr.] The king 
wills it. 

le roi s'avisera. [Fr.] The king 
will consider or deliberate. 

lese majeste. [Fr.] High treason. 

I'etoile du nord. [Fr.] The star 
of the north ; — the motto of Minn- 
esota. 

lettre de cacbet. [Fr.] A sealed 
letter ; a royal warrant. 

lettre de marque. [Fr.] A letter 
of marque or of reprisal. 

lex loci. [L.J The law of the place. 

lex non scripta. [L.] The com- 
mon law. 

lex scripta. [L.] Statute law. 

lex talionis. [L.] The law of re- 
taliation. 

rhomme propose, et Dieu dispose. 
[Fr.] Man proposes, and God dis- 
poses. 

liaison. [Fr.] An alliance ; an illicit 
connection. 

lite pendente. [L,] During trial. 

litera scripta manet. [L.] The 
written letter remains. 

loco citato. [L.] In the place cited. 



Words, Phrases, Proverbs 



locum tenens. [L.] A deputy or 
substitute ; a proxy. 

locus in quo. [L.] The place in 
which. 

locus sigilli. [L.] Place of seal. 

longo intervallo. [L.] By or with 
long interval. 

lucidus or do. [L.] A clear ar- 
rangement. 

lucus a non lucendo. [L.] A jeu 
d'esprit in etymology, which, assum- 
ing that lucus, a dark wood or grove, 
/ is derived from the verb lucere, to 
shine, supposes it must be a non 
lucendo, from its not being light. 

lusus naturae. [L.] A sport or 
freak of nature. 

M 

macte virtute. [L.] Proceed in 
virtue. 

ma fois. [Fr.] Upon my faith. 

magna est Veritas, et prevalebit. 
[L.] Truth is mighty, and it will 
prevail. 

magnum opus. [L.] A great work. 

magnus Apollo. [L.] Great Apollo ; 
one of high authority. 

maison de ville. [Fr.] The town- 
house. 

maitre d'botel. [Fr.] A house- 
steward. 

mal a propos. [Fr.] Ill-timed. 

malgre nous. [Fr.] In spite of us. 

malum in se. [L.] Bad in itself. 

mare clausum. [L.] A closed sea; 
a bay. 

materiel. [Fr.] Materials or in- 
struments employed (opposed to 
personnel). 

mauvais gout. [Fr.] Bad taste. 

mauvais lionte. [Fr.] False mod- 
esty. 

mega biblion, mega kakon. [Gr.] 
A great book is a great evil. 

me judice. [L.] I being judge. 

melange. [Fr.] A medley. 

melee. [Fr.] A hand-to-hand fight ; 
a riot. 

memento mori. [L.] Remember 
death. 

memorabilia. [L.] Things to be 
remembered. 

mens sana in corpore sano. [L.] 
A sound mind in a sound body. 

mens sibi conscia recti. [L.] A 
mind conscious of rectitude. 

messalliance. [Fr.] Improper as- 
sociation; marriage with one of 
lower station. 



meum et tuum. [L.] Mine and thine, 
mirabile dictu. [L.] Wonderful 

to be told. 
mise en scene. [Fr.] The putting 

in preparation for the stage. 
mittimus. [L.] We send ; — a writ 

to commit an offender to prison. 
modus operandi. [L.] Manner of 

operation. 
montani semper liberi. [L.] ' 

Mountaineers are always freemen ; — 

the motto of West Virginia. 
monumentum sere perennius. 

[L.] A monument more durable 

than brass. 
multum in parvo. [L.] Much in 

little. 
mutatis mutandis. [L.] The nec- 
essary changes being made. 
mutato nomine. [L.] The name 

being changed. 

N 

naive. [Fr.] Having native or un- 
affected simplicity. 

naivete. [Fr.] Native simplicity. 

ne plus ultra. [L.] Nothing fur« 
ther. 

ne quid nimis. [L.] Not any 
thing too much or too far. 

ne sutor ultra crepidam. [L.] 
Let not the shoemaker go beyond 
his last. 

nee. [Fr.] Born ; as, Madame de 
Stael, nee (that is, whose maiden 
name was) Necker. 

negligee. [Fr.] An easy, uncere- 
monious attire ; undress. 

nemine contradicente. [L.] No 
one speaking in opposition. 

nemine dissentiente. [L.] No 
one dissenting. 

nemo me impune lacessit. [L.] 
No one wounds me with impunity ; 
— the motto of Scotland. 

nil admirari. [L.] To wonder at 
nothing. 

nil conscire sibi. [L.] To be con- 
scious of no fault. 

nil desperandum. [L.] Never 
despair. 

n'importe. [Fr.] It matters not. 

noblesse oblige. [Fr.] Rank im- 
poses obligation ; much is rightly 
expected of one of high birth or 
station. 

nolens volens. [L.] Whether he 
will or not. 

noli me tangere. [L.] Don't touch 
me. 



922 



Words, Phrases, Proverbs 



To be un- 



A pen name ; 

A war 
a pseu- 

[L.] Not in 

It does not 

[L.] He has 



nolle prosequi. [L.] 

willing to proceed. 
nom de plume. [Fr.] 

an assumed title. 
nom. de guerre. [Fr.] 

name ; a traveling title ; 

donym. 
non compos mentis 

sound mind. 
non constat. [L.] 

appear. 
non est inventus. 

not been found. 
non liquet. [L.] It is not clear. 
non obstante. [L.] Notwithstand- 
ing. 
non omnia possumus omnes. [L.] 

We can not, all of us, do all things. 
non omnis moriar. [L.] I shall 

not wholly die. 
non sequitur. [L.] It does not 

follow ; an unwarranted conclusion. 
non mi ricordo. [It.] I don't re- 
member. 
nosce teipsum. [L.] Know thyself, 
nota bene. [L.] Mark well. 
n'oubliez pas. [Fr.] Don't forget. 
nous verrons. [Fr.] We shall see. 
novus homo. [L.] A new man. 
nuance. [Fr.] Shade; gradation; 

tint. 
nudum pactum. [L.] A contract 

made without any consideration, and 

therefore void. 
nunc aut nunquam. [L.] Now 

or never. 



obiit. [L.] He or she, died. 
obiter dictum. [L.] A thing said 

by the way, or in passing. 
obsta principiis. [L.] Resist the 

first beginnings. 
odium theologicum, 

hatred of theologians. 
ceil de boeuf. [Fr.] 
ohe! jam satis. [L.] 

is enough. 
omnia vincit amor. 

conquers all things. 
omnia vincit labor. 

overcomes all things. 
on dit. [Fr.] They 

vnmor. 
onus probandi. [L.] 

of proving. 
ora e sempre. [It.] 

ways. 
ora pro nobis. [L.] Pray for us. 
orator fit, poeta nascitur. [L.] 



[L.] The 

A bull's eye. 
O, now there 



[L.] 
[L.] 



Love 

Labor 

say ; flying 

The burden 

Now and al- 



but the poet is 
With round, 



The orator In made, 

born. 
ore rotundo. [L.] 

full voice. 
oretenus. [L.] As far as the mouth. 
O! si sic omnia. [L.] O that he 

had always done or spoken thus. 
O temporal O mores! [L.] O the 

times ! O the manners ! 
otium cum dignitate. [L.] Ease 

with dignity; dignified leisure. 
oubliette. [Fr.] Dungeon of a castle. 
oui dire. [Fr.] Hearsay. 
outre. [Fr.] Out of the common 

course ; extravagant. 
ouvrier. [Fr.] A workman; an 

artisan. 



palmam qui meruit ferat. [L.] 

Let him who has won it bear the 

palm. 
papier machee. [Fr.] Chewed or 

mashed paper ; a hard substance 

made of a pulp from rags or paper. 
par exemple. [Fr.] For example. 
par excellence. [Fr.] By way of 

eminence. 
pari passu. [L.] With equal pace. 
par nobile fratrum. [L.] A noble 

pair of brothers; two just alike. 
parole d'honneur. [Fr.] Word of 

honor. 
particeps criminis. [L.] An ac- 
complice. 
parva componere magnis. |L.] 

To compare small things with great. 
parvenu. [Fr.] An upstart; one 

newly risen into notice. 
pas a pas. [Fr.] Step by step. 
passe. [Fr.] Past; out of use; 

faded ; worn out. 
passe-partout. [Fr.] 
pate de foie gras. 

liver pie. 
paterfamilias. [L.] 

a family. 
pater noster. [L.] 

the Lord's prayer. 
pater patriae. [L.] 

country. 
patois. [Fr.] Dialect of the lower 

classes. 
patres conscripti. [L.] Conscript 

fathers; the Roman senators. 
peccavi. [L.] I have sinned. 
peine forte et dure. [Fr.] Strong 

and severe punishment. 
penchant. [Fr.] Inclination; lik- 
ing. 



A master-key. 
[Fr.] Goose- 

The father of 

Our Father; 

Father of his 



923 



Words, Phrases, Proverbs 



pendente lite, [L.] Pending the 

suit. 
pensee. [Fr.] Thought. 
per annum. [L.] By the year. 
per capita. [L.] By the head. 
per centnmi. [L.] By the hundred. 
per contra. [L.] Contrariwise. 
per diem. [L.] By the day. 
per se. [L.] By itself considered. 
perdu. [Fr.] Lost. 
personnel. [Fr.] Body of persons 

employed in some public service. 
petit maitre. [Fr.] A dandy; a 

coxcomb. 
petitio principii. [L.] A beg- 
ging of the question. 
peu-a-peu. [Fr.] Little by little. 
pen de chose. [Fr.] A trifle. 
piece de resistanee. [Fr.] A solid 

joint. 
pirouette. [Fr.] A whirl on the 

toes, as in dancing. 
pis aller. [Fr.] The last shift. 
piu. [It.] More. 

pleno jure. [L.] With full authority. 
plexus. [L.] A net- work ; web. 
poco a poco. [It] Little by little. 
poeta nascitur, non fit. [L.] 

The poet is born, not made. 
point d'appui. [Fr.] Point of sup- 
port ; prop. 
pons asinorum. [L.] Bridge of 

asses. 
post mortem. [L.] After death. 
post obitum. [L.] After death. 
pot-pourri. [Fr.] A hotch-potch ; 

a medley. 
preux cbevalier. [Fr.] A brave 

knight. 
prima facie. [L.] On the first 

view. 
primus inter pares. [L.] Chief 

among equals. 
principia, non bomines. [L.] 

Principles, not men. 
principiis obsta. [L.] Resist the 

first beginnings. 
pro aris et focis. [L.] For our 

altars and firesides. 
pro bono publico. [L.] For the 

public good. 
pro et con. [L.] For and against. 
pro forma. [L.] For the sake of 

form. 
pro hac vice. [L.] For this turn 

or occasion. 
pro rata. [L.] In proportion. 
pro re nata. [L.] For a special 

emergency. 
pro tanto. [L.] For so much. 



pro tempore. [L.] For the time. 
proces verbal. [Fr.] A written 

statement. 

profanum vulgus. [L.] The pro- 
fane vulgar. 

proh pudor. [L.] O, for shame. 

propria quae maribus. [L.] Those 
things which are appropriate or pe- 
culiar to males or men, or to hus- 
bands. 

punica fides. [L.] Punic faith ; 
treachery. 



qua. [L.] So far as ; in so far as. 
quantum libet. [L.] As much as 

you please. 
quantum meruit. [L.] As much 

as he deserved. 
quantum mutatus ab illo! [L.] 

How changed from what he was ! 
quantum sufficit. [L.] A suffi- 
cient quantity. 
quantum vis. [L.] As much as 

you will. 
quasi. [L.] As if ; in a manner. 
quelque cbose. [Fr.] A trifle ; 

something ; anything. 
quid pro quo. [L.] One thing for 

another ; an equivalent. 
quid rides? [L.] Why do you 

laugh ? 
qui facit per alium, facit per se. 

[L.] He who does a thing by the 

agency of another, does it himself. 
quis custodiet ipsos custodes? 

[L.] Who shall guard the guards 

themselves ? 
qui trans tulit, sustinet. [L.] He 

who transplanted, still sustains ; — 

the motto of Connecticut. 
qui vlve? [Fr.] Who goes there? 

— hence, on the qui vive, on the 

alert. 
quoad boc. [L.] 
quo auimo? [L.] 

or intention? 
quo jure? [L.] By what right? 
quod erat demonstrandum. [L.] 

Which was to be demonstrated. 
quod vide. [L.] Which see. 
quos Deus vult perdere, prius 

dementat. [L.] Those whom 

God wishes to destroy, he first 

makes mad. 



To this extent. 
With what mind 



924 



R 

rara avis. [L.] A rare bird. 
recueil. [Fr.] Collection. 



Words, Phrases, Proverbs 



reductio ad absurdum. [L.] A 
reducing a position to an absurdity. 

regnant populi. [L.] The people 
rule ; — the motto of Arkansas. 
[Properly, regnat populus.] 

re infecta. [L.] The business being 
unfinished. 

religio loci. [L.] The religious 
spirit of the place. 

renommee. [Fr.] Renown; fame. 

requiescat in pace. [L.] May he 
rest in peace. 

res angusta domi. [L.] Narrow 
circumstances at home ; poverty. 

respice finem. [L.] Look to the 
end. 

resume. [Fr.] A summing up ; re- 
capitulation. 

resurgam. [L.] I shall rise again. 

revenons a nos moutons. [Fr.] 
Let us return to our sheep ; let us 
return to our subject. 

rifacimento. [It.] Renewal ; re- 
establishment. 

robe de cbambre. [Fr.] A dress- 
ing-gown or morning-gown. 

rouleau. [Fr.] A little roll. 

rudis indigestaque moles. [L.] 
A rude and undigested mass. 

ruse de guerre. [Fr.] A stratagem 
of war. 

rus in urbe. [L.] The country in 
town. 



salle. [Fr.] A hall. 

salon. [Fr.] An apartment for com- 
pany ; a fashionable party ; or fash- 
ionable society. 

salus populi suprema est lex. 
[L.] The welfare of the people is 
the supreme law ; — the motto of 
Missouri. 

sanctum sanctorum. [L.] Holy 
of holies. 

sans ceremonie. [Fr.] Without cer- 
emony. 

sans peur et sans reproche. [Fr.] 
Without fear and without reproach. 

sartor resartus. [L.] The cobbler 
mended. 

sauve qui pent. [Fr.] Save him- 
self who can. 

savoir faire. [Fr.] Ability. 

savoir vivre. [Fr.] Good breeding. 

scandalum magnatum. [L.] De- 
famatory speech or writing to the 
injury of persons of dignity. 

scire facias. [L.] Cause it to be 
known. 



seance. [Fr.] A sitting or session. 

secundum artem. [L.] According 
to rule. 

secundum naturam. [L.] Accord- 
ing to the course of nature. 

secundum ordinem. [L.] In order. 

semper felix. [L.] Always fortu- 
nate. 

semper fidelis. [L.] Always 
faithful. 

semper idem. [L.] Always the 
same. 

semper paratus. [L.] Always 
ready. 

senatus consultum. [L.] A decree 
of the senate. 

se non e vero, e ben trovato. [It.] 
If not true, it is well feigned. 

sesquipedalia verba. [L.] Words 
a foot and a half long. 

sic itur ad astra. [L.] Such is 
the way to immortality. 

sic passim. [L.] So everywhere. 

sic semper tyrannis. [L.] Ever 
so to tyrants ; — the motto of Vir- 
ginia. 

sic transit gloria mundi. [L.] 
So passes away earthly glory. 

sic vos non vobis. [L.] Thus you 
do not labor for yourselves. 

sicut ante. [L.] As before. 

sicut patribus, sit Deus nobis. 
[L.] As God was with our fathers, 
so may he be with us. 

similia similibus curantur. [L.] 
Like things are cured by like. 

si monumentum quseris, circum- 
spice. [L.] If you seek his mon- 
ument, look around. 

simplex munditiis. [L.] Of sim- 
ple elegance. 

sinc^ cura. [L.] Without charge 
or care. 

sine die. [L.] Without a day ap- 
nointed. 

sine qua non. [L.] An indispen- 
sable condition. 

si quoeris peninsulam amaenam, 
circumspice. [L.] If thou seek- 
est a beautiful penmsula, . behold it 
here ; — the motto of Michigan. 

sit tibi terra levis. [L.] May the 
earth lie lightly upon thee. 

soubrette. [Fr.] An intriguing 
woman. 

stans pede in uno. [L.] Standing 
on one foot. 

stat magni nominis umbra. [L.] 
He stands the shadow of a mighty 
name. 



925 



Words, Phrases, Prorerbs 



statu quo ante bellum. [L.] In 
the state which was before the war. 

status quo. [L.] The state in 
which. 

stet. [L.] Let it stand. ^ 

suaviter in modo, f ortiter in. re. 
[L.] Gentle in manners, but reso- 
lute in deed. 

sub judice. [L.] Under considera- 
tion. 

sub rosa. [L.] Under the rose ; 

privately. • 
, sui generis. [L.] Of its own kind. 

sui juris. [L.] In one's own right. 

summuiu bouum. [L.] The chief 
good. 

suo Marte. [L.] By his own strength. 

suum cuique. [L.] Let each have 
his own. 



tabula rasa. [L.] A smooth or 
blank tablet. 

tant pis. [Fr.] So much the worse. 

tan turn vidit Virgilium. [L.] 
He merely saw Virgil (that is, the 
great man.) 

tapis. [Fr.] A carpet; also, the 
cover of a council-table ; hence, to be 
on the tapis is to be under consid- 
eration. 

tempora mutantur, et nos muta- 
mur in illis. [L.] The times are 
changed, and we are changed with 
them. 

tempus edax rerum. [L.] Time 
the devourer of all things. 

tempus fugit. [L.] Time flies. 

terrse filius. [L.] A son of the 
earth ; that is, human being. 

terra firma. [L.] Solid earth; a 
safe footing. 

terra incognita. [L.] An un- 
known country. 

tertium quid. [L.] A third some- 
thing ; a nondescript. 

tiers-etat. [Fr.] The third estate ; 
commons or commonalty. 

to kalon. [Gr.] The beautiful; 
the chief good. 

to prepon. [Gr.] The proper or 
becoming. 

totident verbis. [L.] In just so 
many words. 

toties quoties. [L.] As often as. 

toto ogbIo. [L.] By the whole heav- 
ens ; diametrically opposite. 

tout-a-£ait. [Fr.] Entirely. 

tout au contraire. [Fr.] On the 
contrary. 



926 



tout ensemble. [Fr.] The whole 

taken together. 

U 

uberrima fides. [L.] Supera- 
bounding faith. 

ubi supra. [L.] Where above 
mentioned. 

ultima ratio regum. [L.] The 
last argument of kings ; war. 

ultima thule. [L.] Utmost limit. 

una voce. [L.] With one voice. 

uno animo. [L.] With one mind ; 
unanimously. 

usque ad aras. [L.] To the very 
altars. 

usque ad nauseam. [L.] To dis- 
gust. 

utile dulci. [L.] The useful with 
the pleasant. 

ut infra. [L.] As below. 

ut supra. [L.] As above stated. 

uti possidetis. [L.] As you pos- 
sess ; state of present possession. 

V 

vade mecum. [L.] Go with me; a 

constant companion. 
vse victis. [L.] Woe to the van- 
quished. 
vale. [L.] Farewell. 
valet de cbambre. [Fr.] An at- 
tendant ; a footman. 
variorum notae. [L.] The notes 

of various authors. 
veni, vidi, vici. [L.] I came, I 

saw, I conquered. 
verbatim et literatim. [L.] Word 

for word and letter for letter. 
verbum sat sapienti. [L.] A 

word is enough for a wise man. 
vetturo. [It.] A hack. 
vetturino. [It.] A hackman. 
vexata qusestio. [L.] A disputed 

question. 
via. [L.] By the way of. 
via media. [L.] A middle course. 
vice. [L.] In the place of. 
vice versa. [L.] The terms being 

exchanged. 
vide ut supra. [L.] See what is 

stated above. 
vi et armis. [L.] By force and 

arms ; by main force. 
vincit amor patriae. [L.] Love 

of country prevails. 
vincit omnia Veritas. [L.] Truth 

conquers all things. 
vinculum matrimonii. [L.] The 

bond of marriage. 



Words, Phrases, Proverbs 



vires acquirit eundo. [L.] She 

acquires strength in her progress. 
vis a vis. [Fr.] Opposite ; facing. 
vis a tergo. [L.] A propelling 

force from behind. 
vis inertise. [L.] The power of 

inertia ; resistance. 
vis vitse. [L.] The vigor of life. 
vitam impendere vero, [L.] To 

stake one's life for the truth. 
vivat regina. [L.] Long live the 

queen. 
vivat rex. [L.] Long live the king. 
viva voce. [L.] By the living 

voice ; by oral testimony. 
vive la republique. [Fr.] Long 

live the republic. 



vive la bagatelle! [Fr.] Success 

to trifling. 
vive le roi. [Fr.] Long live the king. 
voila. [Fr.] Behold; there is. 
vox, et praeterea nihil. [L.] A 

voice, and nothing more. 
vox populi, vox Dei. [L.] The 

voice of the people is the voice of 

God. 
vraisemblance. [Fr.] Appearance 

of truth. 



zonam. solvere. [L.] To loose the 

virsin zone. 
zollverein. [Ger.] A union among 

the German states for the collection 

of custom-house duties. 



Facts About the Earth 



According to Clark, the equatorial semi-diameter is 20,926,202 £661=3963.296 
miles, and the polar semi-diameter is 20,854,895 £061=3950.738 miles. One degree of 
latitude at the pole=69.4o7 miles. One degree o£ latitude at^the equator=68.7o4 miles. 

POPULATION OF THE EARTH BY CONTINENTS 

(From Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society.) 



Conti- 


Area in 
Square 
Miles. 


Inhabitants. | 


Conti- 
nental 
Divisions. 


Area in 
Square 
Miles. 

3,288,000 

51,238,800 


Inhabitants. 


nental 
Divisions. 


Number. 


Per Sq. 

Mile. 


Number. 


Per Sq. 
Mile. 


Africa 

Ameria, N.. 
America, S. 


11,514,000 
6,446,000 
6,837,000 

14,710,000 


127,000,000 
89,250,000 
36,420,000 


11.00 

13.80 
5.30 


Australasia 

Europe 

Polar Reg.. 
Total 


4,730,000 

380,200,000 

300,000 

1,487,900,000 


1.40 

106.90 

0.07 


Asia 


850,000,000 1 57.70 


29.00 



The above estimate was made by Ernest George Ravenstein, F. R. G. S., the 
geographer and statistician, and is for 1890. The population o£ North America, 1900, 
had increased to over 100,000,000. 

An estimate of population of the earth, made by Drs. Wagner and Supan, editors 
of "Bevolkening der Erde" (Perthes, Gotha, 1891), is as follows : Europe, 357,379,000; 
Asia, 825,954,000; Africa, 163,953,000; America, 121,713,000; Australia, 3,230,000; 
Oceanic Islands, 7,420,000 ; polar regions, 80,400. Total, 1,479,729,400. The estimate 
of area of the continents and islands by the same authorities is 52,821, 684._ 

Ravenstein's estimate of the earth's fertile region, in square miles, is 28,269,200; 
steppe, 13,901,000; desert, 4,180,000; polar regions, 4,888,800. 

The population of the earth at the death of the Emperor Augustus, estimated by 
Bodio, was 54.000,000. The population of Europe hardly exceeded 50,000,000 before 
the fifteenth century. — Mulhall. 

The area and cubic contents of the earth, according to the data of Clark, given 
above, are: Surface, 196,971,984 square miles; cubic contents, 259,944,035,515 cubic 
miles. 

Murray-Challenger expedition states the greatest depth of the Atlantic Ocean, 
at 27,366 feet ; Pacific Ocean, 30,000 feet ; Indian Ocean, 18,582 feet ; Southern Ocean, 
25,200 feet ; Arctic Ocean, 9,000 feet. The Atlantic Ocean has an area, in square miles, 
of 24,536,000; Pacific Ocean, 50,309,000; Indian Ocean, 17,084,000; Arctic Ocean 

£781,000; Southern Ocean, 30,592,000. The highest mountain is believed to be 
'eodhunga, one of the Himalayas, 29,002 feet. 

927 



DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 



IN CONGRESS— THURSDAY, JULY 4, J776 



Agreeably to the order of the day, 
*tie CongTess resolved itself into a com- 
mittee of the whole, to take into their 
further, consideration the Declaration ; 
and after some time the President re- 
sumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison 
reported that the committee had agreed 
to a declaration, which they desired 
him to report. (The committee con- 
sisted of Jefferson, Franklin, John 
Adams, Sherman and R. R. Livings- 
ton.) 

The Declaration being read, was 
agreed to, as follows : 

A DECLARATION. 

By the Kepresentatives of the United 

States of America, in Congress 

Assembled, 

Wheis', in the course of human 
events, it becomes necessary for one 
people to dissolve the political bands 
which have connected them with an- 
other, and to assume, among the pow- 
ers of the earth, the separate and equal 
station to which the laws of nature 
and of nature's God entitle them, a 
decent respect to the opinions of man- 
kind requires that they should declare 
the causes which impel them to the 
separation. 

We hold these truths to be self-evi- 
dent, that all men are created equal ; 
that they are endowed by their Crea- 
tor with certain inalienable rights ; 
that among these, are life, liberty, and 
the pursuit of happiness. That to se- 
cure these rights, governments are in- 
stituted among men, deriving their 
just powers from the consent of the 
governed : that, whenever any form of 
government becomes destructive of 
these ends, it is the right of the people 
to alter or to abolish it, and to insti- 
tute a _ new government, laying its 
foundation on such principles, and or- 



928 



ganizing its powers in such form, as 
to them shall seem most likely to ef- 
fect their safety and happiness. Pru- 
dence, indeed, will dictate that govern- 
ments long established, should not be 
changed for light and transient causes ; 
and, accordingly, all experience hath 
shown, that mankind are more dispos- 
ed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, 
than to right themselves by abolishing 
the forms to which they are accus- 
tomed. But, when a long train of 
abuses and usurpations, pursuing in- 
variably the same object, evinces a 
design to reduce them under absolute 
despotism, it is their right, it is their 
duty, to throw off such government, 
and to provide new guards for their 
future security. Such has been the 
patient sufferance of these colonies, 
and such is now the necessity which 
constrains them to alter their former 
systems of government. The history 
of the present King of Great Britain 
is a history of repeated injuries and 
usurpations, all having, in direct ob- 
ject, the establishment of an absolute 
tyranny over these states. To prove 
this, let facts be submitted to a candid 
world : 

He has refused his assent to laws 
the most wholesome and necessary for 
the public good. 

He has forbidden his Governors to 
pass laws of immediate and pressing 
importance, unless suspended in their 
operation till his assent should be ob- 
tained ; and when so suspended, he has 
utterly neglected to attend to them. 

He has refused' to pass other laws 
for the accommodation of large dis- m 
tricts of people, unless those people ■ 
would relinquish the right of repre- 
sentatiom in the legislature ; a right 
inestimable to them, and formidable to 
tyrants only. 

He has called together legislative 
bodies at places unusual, uncomfort- 



Declaration of Independence 



able, and distant from the depository 
of their public records, for the sole 
purpose of fatiguing them into com- 
pliance with his measures. 

He has dissolved representative 
houses repeatedly, for opposing, with 
manly firmness, his invasions on the 
rights of the people. 

He has refused, for a long time after 
such dissolutions, to cause others to 
be elected ; whereby the legislative 
powers, incapable of annihilation, have 
returned to the people at large for 
their exercise ; the state remaining, in 
the mean time, exposed to all the dan- 
ger of invasion from without, and 
convulsions within. 

He has endeavored to prevent the 
population of these states, for that 
purpose, obstructing the laws for nat- 
uralization of foreigners ; refusing to 
pass others to encourage their migra- 
tion hither, and raising the conditions 
of new appropriations of lands. 

He has obstructed the administra- 
tion of justice by refusing his assent 
to laws for establishing judiciary 
powers. 

He has made judges dependent on 
his will alone, for the tenure of their 
oflfices, and the amount and payment 
of their salaries. 

He has erected a multitude of new 
offices, and sent hither swarms of offi- 
cers to harass out people, and eat out 
their substance. 

He has kept among us, in times of 
peace, standing armies, without the 
consent of our legislature. 

He has affected to render the mili- 
tary indpendent of and superior to 
the civil power. 

He has combined, with others, to 
subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to 
our constitution, and unacknowledged 
by our laws ; giving his assent to their 
acts of pretended legislation : 

For quartering large bodies of arm- 
ed troops among us ; 

For protecting them, by a mock 
trial, from punishment, for any mur- 
ders which they should commit on the 
inhabitants of these states ; 

For cutting off our trade with all 
parts of the world ; 

For imposing taxes on us without 
our consent ; 

For depriving us, in many cases, of 
the benefits of trial by jury ; 



For transporting us beyond seas to 
be tried for pretended offences ; 

For abolishing the free system of 
English laws in a neighboring prov- 
ince, establishing therein an arbitrary 
government, and enlarging its bound- 
aries, so as to render it at once an 
example and fit instrument for intro- 
ducing the same absolute rule into 
these colonies ; 

For taking away our charters, abol- 
ishing our most valuable laws, and 
altering, fundamentally, the powers of 
our governments ; 

For suspending our own legislatures, 
and declaring themselves invested with 
power to legislate for us in all eases 
whatsoever. 

He has abdicated government here, 
by declaring us out of his protection, 
and waging war against us. 

He has plundered our seas, ravaged 
our coasts, burnt our towns, and de- 
stroyed the lives of our people. 

He is, at this time, transporting 
large armies of foreign mercenaries to 
complete the works of death, desola- 
tion, and tryanny, already begun, with 
circumstances of cruelty and perfidy 
scarcely paralleled in the most bar- 
barous ages, and totally unworthy the 
head of a civilized nation. 

He has constrained our fellow-citi- 
zens, taken captive on the high seas, 
to bear arms against their country, 
to become the executioners of their 
friends and brethren, or to fall them- 
selves by their hands. 

He has excited domestic insurrec- 
tions amongst us, and has endeavored 
to bring on the inhabitants of our 
frontiers the merciless Indian savages, 
whose known rule of warfare is an un- 
distinguished destruction, of all ages, 
sexes, and conditions. 

In every stage of these oppressions, 
we have petitioned for redress, in the 
most humble terms ; our repeated peti- 
tions have been answered only by re- 
peated injury. A prince, whose char- 
acter is thus marked by every act 
which may define a tyrant, is unfit to 
be the ruler of a free people. _ 

Nor have we been wanting in atten- 
tion to our British brethren. We have 
warned them, from time to time, of 
attempts made by their legislature 
to extend an unwarrantable jurisdic- 
tion over us. We have reminded them 
of the circumstances of our emigration 



929 



Declaration of Independence 



and settlement here. We have appeal- 
ed to their native justice and magna- 
nimity, and we have conjured them, 
by the ties of our common kindred, to 
disavow these usurpations, which 
would inevitably interrupt our con- 
nections and correspondence. They, 
too, have been deaf to the voice of jus- 
tice and consanguinity. We must, 
therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, 
which denounces our separation, and 
hold them, as we hold the rest of 
mankind, enemies in war — in peace, 
friends. 

We, therefore the representatives of 
the UNITED STATES OF AMER- 
ICA, in GENERAL CONGRESS as- 
sembled, appealing to the Supreme 
Judge of the World for the rectitude 
of our intentions, do, in the name, and 
by the authority of the good people of 
these colonies, solemnly publish and 
declare. That these United Colonies, 
are, and of right ought to be, Fkee 
AND I]srDEPE]siDENT STATES ; that they 
are absolved from all allegiance to the 
British crown, and that all political 
connection between them and the 
State of Great Britain, is, and ought 
to be, totally dissolved ; and that, 
as FREE AND INDEPENDENT 
STATES, they have full power to levy 
war, conclude peace, contract alliances, 
establish commerce, and to do all 
Other acts and things which INDE- 
PENDENT STATES may of right to 
do. ^ And, for the support of this Decla- 
ration, with a firm reliance on the pro- 
tection of DIVINE PROVIDENCE, 
we mutually pledge to each other, our 
lives, our fortunes, and our sacred 
konor. 



The foregoing Declaration was, by 
order of Congress, engrossed, and sign- 
ed by the following members : 

JOHN HANCOCK. 

New Hampshire — Josiah Bartlett, 
William Whipple, Matthew Thornton. 

Connecticut — Roger Sherman, Sam- 
uel Huntington, William Williams, 
Oliver Wolcott. 

Rhode Island — Stephen Hopkins, 
William Ellery. 

New York — William Floyd, Philip 
Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis 
Morris. 

New Jersey — Richard Stockton, 
John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkin- 
son, John Hart, Abraham Clark. 

Pennsylvania — Robert Morris, 
Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, 
John Morton, George Clymer, James 
Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, 
George Ross. 

Massachusetts Bay — Samuel Ad- 
ams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, 
Elbridge Gerry. 

Delaware — Caesar Rodney, George 
Read, Thomas M'Kean. 

Maryland — Samuel Chase, William 
Paca, Thomas Stone, James Carroll, 
of Carrollton. 

Virginia — George Wythe, Richard 
Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benja- 
min Harrison, Thomas Nelson, Jun., 
Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Brax- 
ton. 

North Carolina — William Hooper, 
Joseph Hewes, John Penn. 

South Carolina — Edward Rut- 
ledge, Thomas Heyward, Jun., Arthur 
Middleton. 

Georgia — Button Swinnett, Lyman 
Hall, George Walton. 



930 



_ 



THE CONSTITUTION 

OF THE 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA* 



[PKEAMBIiE.] 

We, the people of the United States, 
in order to form a more perfect 
Union, establish Justice, insure do- 
mestic Tranquillity, provide for the 
common defence, promote the gen- 
eral Welfare, and secure the Bless- 
ings of Liberty to ourselves and our 
Posterity, do ordain and establish 
this Constitution for the United 
States of America. 

ARTICLE I. 

[Tlie liCgislative Department.] 

Section 1. All legislative Povrers 
herein granted shall be vested in a 
€ongress of the United States, v^hich 
shall consist of a Senate and House of 
Representatives. 

Sec. 2. The House of Represen- 
tatives shall be composed of Members 
chosen every second Year by the Peo- 
ple of the several States, and the Elec- 
tors in each State shall have the Qual- 
ifications requisite for Electors of the 
most numerous Branch of the State 
Legislature. 

No Person shall be a Representative 
who shall not have attained to the 
Age of tv^enty-five Tears, and been 
seven Years a Citizen of the United 
States, and v^^ho shall not, v^hen elect- 
ed, be an Inhabitant of that State in 
which he shall be chosen. 

Representatives and direct Taxes 
shall be apportioned among the sev- 
eral States which may be included 
within this Union, according to their 
respective Numbers, which shall be de- 
termined by adding to the whole Num- 



» This is an exact copy of the original in punctua- 
lion. spelling, capitals, etc.,- In all respects except 
the words and figures which are enclosed in brackets, 
and the reference marks. 



ber of free Persons, including those 
bound to Service for a Term of Years, 
and excluding Indians not taxed, three- 
fifths of all other persons.* The act- 
ual Enumeration shall be made within 
three Years after the first meeting of 
the Congress of the United States, and 
within every subsequent Term of ten 
Years, in such Manner as they shall 
by Law direct. The Number of Rep- 
resentatives shall not exceed one for 
every thirty Thousand, but each State 
shall have at Least one Representa- 
tive ; and until such enumeration shall 
be made, the State of New Hampshire 
shall be entitled to chuse three, Mas- 
sachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and 
Providence Plantations one, Connecti- 
cut five. New York six, New Jersey 
four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware 
one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, 
North Carolina five. South Carolina 
five, and Georgia three. 

When vacancies happen in the Rep- 
resentation from any State, the Exe- 
cutive Authority thereof shall issue 
Writs of Election to fill such Vacan- 
cies. 

The House of Representatives shall 
chuse their Speaker and other oflB- 
cerst and shall have the sole power 
of Impeachment. 

Sec. 3., The Senate of the United 
States shall be composed of two Sena- 
tors from each State, chosen by the 
Legislature thereof, for six Years ; and 
each Senator shall have one Vote. 

Immediately after they shall be as- 
sembled in Consequence of the first 
Election, they shall be divided as 
equally as may be into three Classes. 
The Seats of the Senators of the first 
Class shall be vacated at the Expira- 



* "Other persons" refers to slaves. See Amend- 
ments, Art. XIY., Sections 1 and 2. 

t The principal of these are the clerk, sergeant- 
at-arms, doorkeeper, and postmaster. 



931 



Constitution of the IT. S. of America 



tion of the second Year, of the second 
Class at the Expiration of the fourth 
Year and of the third Class at the 
Expiration of the sixth Year, so that 
one-third may be chosen every second 
year ; and if Vacancies happen by 
Resignation, or otherwise during the 
Recess of the Legislature of any State, 
the Executive thereof may make tem- 
porary Appointments until the next 
Meeting of the Legislature, which shall 
then fill such Vacancies. 

No person shall be a Senator who 
shall not have attained the Age of 
thirty Years, and been nine Years a 
Citizen of the United States, and who 
shall not, when elected, be an Inhabit- 
ant of that State for which he shall 
be chosen. 

The Vice President of the United 
States shall be President of the Sen- 
ate, but shall have no Vote, unless 
they be equally divided. 

The Senate shall chuse their other 
Officers, and also a President, pro 
tempor, in the Absence of the Vice 
President, or when he shall exercise 
the Office of President of the United 
States. 

The Senate shall have the sole 
Power to try all Impeachments. When 
sitting for that Purpose, they shall be 
on Oath or Affirmation. When the 
President of United States is tried, 
the Chief Justice shall preside : And 
no person shall be convicted without 
the Concurrence of two-thirds of the 
Members present. 

Judgment in Cases of Impeachment 
shall not extend further than to re- 
moval from Office, and Disqualifica- 
tion to hold and enjoy any Office of 
Honor, Trust or Profit under the IJni- 
ted States : but the Party convicted 
shall nevertheless be liable and sulbject 
to Indictment. Trial, Judgment and 
Punishment, according to Law. 

Sec. 4. The Times, Places and Man- 
ner of holding Elections for Senators 
and Representatives, shall be prescrib- 
ed in each State by the Legislature 
thereof ; but the Congress may at any 
time by Law make or alter such Regu- 
lations, except as to the places of chus- 
ing Senators. 

The Congress shall assemble at least 
once in every Year, and such Meeting 
shall be on the first Monday in Decem- 
ber, unless they shall by Law appoint 
a different Day. 



032 



Sec. 5. Each House shall be the 
Judge of the Elections, Returns and 
Qualifications of its own Members, 
and a Majority of each shall consti- 
tute a Quorum to do Business ; but a 
smaller Number may adjourn from day 
to day, and may be authorized to com- 
pel the Attendance of absent Members, 
in such Manner, and under such Pen- 
alties as each House may provide. 

Each House may determine the 
Rules of its Proceedings, punish its 
Members for disorderly Behaviour, 
and, with the Concurrence of two- 
thirds, expel a Member. 

Each House shall keep a Journal of 
its Proceedings, and from time to time 
publish the same, excepting such Parts 
as may in their Judgment require 
Secrecy ; and the Yeas and Nays of 
the Members of either House on any 
question shall, at the Desire of one- 
fifth of those Present, be entered on 
the Journal. 

Neither House, during the Session of 
Congress, shall, without the Consent 
of the other, adjourn for more than 
three days, nor to any other Place 
than that in which the two Houses 
shall be sitting. 

Sec. 6. The Senators and Represen- 
tatives shall receive a Compensation* 
for their Services, to be ascertained by 
Law, and paid out of the Treasury of 
the United States. They shall in all 
Cases, except Treason, Felony and 
Breach of the Peace, be privileged 
from Arrest during their Attendance 
at the Session of their respective 
Houses, and in going to and returning 
from the same ; and for any Speech or 
Debate in either House, they shall not 
be questioned in any other Place. 

No Senator or Representative shall, 
during the Time for which he was 
elected, be appointed to any civil Of- 
fice under the Authority of the United 
States, which shall have been created, 
or the Emoluments whereof shall have 
been increased during such time ; and 
no Person holding any Office under the 
United States, shall' be a Member of 
either House during his Continuance 
in Office. 

Sec. 7. All bills for raising Revenue 
shall originate in the House of Rep- 
resentatives ; but the Senate may pro- 

* The present compensation is $5,000 a year, and 
an allowance of 20 cents for every mile of travel 
to and from the national capital* 



Constitution of tlie U. S. of America 



pose or concur with Amendments as 
on other Bills. 

Every bill which shall have passed 
the House of Representatives and the 
Senate, shall, before it becomes a Law, 
be presented to the President of the 
United States ; If he approve he shall 
sign it, but if not he shall return it, 
with his Objections to the House in 
which it shall have originated, who 
shall enter the Objections at large on 
their Journal, and proceed to recon- 
sider it. If after such Reconsidera- 
tion two-thirds of that House shall 
agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, 
together with the Objections to the 
other House, by which it shall like- 
wise be reconsidered, and if approved 
by two-thirds of that House it shall 
become a Law. But in all such Cases 
the Votes of Both Houses shall be 
determined by Yeas and Nays, and the 
Names of the Persons voting for and 
against the Bill shall be entered on 
the Journal of each House respec- 
tively. If any Bill shall not be re- 
turned by the President within ten 
days (Sundays excepted) after it shall 
have been presented to him, the Same 
shall be a law, in like Manner as if he 
had signed it, unless the Congress by 
their Adjournment prevent its Return, 
in which Case it shall not be a Law. 

Every Order, Resolution, or Vote 
to which the Concurrence of the Sen- 
ate and House of Representatives may 
be necessary (except on a question of 
Adjournment) shall be presented to 
the President of the United States; 
and before the same shall take Effect, 
shall be approved by him, or being 
disapproved by him. shall be repassed 
by two-thirds of the Senate and House 
of Representatives, according to the 
Rules and Limitations prescribed in 
the Case of a Bill. 

Sec. 8. The Congress shall have 
Power : 

To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, 
Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts 
and provide for the common Defence 
and general Welfare of the United 
States; but all Duties, Imposts and 
Excises shall be uniform throughout 
the United States ; 

To borrow Money on credit of the 
United States ; 

To regulate Commerce with foreign 
Nations, and among the several States, 
and with the Indian Tribes; 



To establish an uniform Rule of 
Naturalization,* and uniform Laws on 
the subject of Bankruptcies through- 
out the United States ; 

To coin Money, regulate the Value 
thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix 
the Standard of Weights and Meas- 
ures ; 

To provide for the Punishment of 
counterfeiting the Securities and cur- 
rent Coin of the United States; 

To establish Post Offices and post 
Roads ; 

To promote the progress of Science 
and useful Arts, by securing for lim- 
ited Times to Authors and Inventors 
the exclusive Rightf to their respec- 
tive Writings and Discoveries ; 

To constitute Tribunals inferior to 
the supreme Court ; 

To define and punish Piracies and 
Felonies committed on the high Seas, 
and Offences against the Law of Na- 
tions ; 

To declare War, grant Letters of 
Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules 
concerning Captures on Land and 
Water ; 

To raise and support Armies, but 
no Appropriation of Money to that 
Use shall be for a longer Term than 
two Years; 

To provide and maintain a Navy ; 

To make Rules for the Government 
and Regulation of the land and naval 
Forces ; 

To provide for calling forth the 
Militia to execute the Laws of the 
Union, suppress Insurrections and re- 
pel Invasions ; 

To provide for organizing, arming, 
and disciplining, the Militia, and for 
governing such part of them as may be 
employed in the Service of the United 
States, reserving to the States respec- 
tively, the Appointment of the Officers, 
and the Authority of training the Mili- 
tia according to the Discipline pre- 
scribed by Congress; 

To exercise exclusive Legislation in 
all Cases whatsoever, over such Dis- 



* The Naturalization laws require a foreigner to 
be in the country five years before he is entitled 
to citizenship. 

t An Author obtains a copyright by application 
to the Librarian of Congress, and it is secured for 
twenty-eight years. 

An Inventor secures a patent from the Patent 
OflSce, at Washington, for a certain number of 
years, prescribed by the Commissioner of Tatents. 



Constitution of the U. S. of America 



trict (not exceeding ten Miles square) 
as may, by Cession of particular 
States, and the Acceptance of Con- 
gress, become the Seat of the Govern- 
ment of the United States, and to ex- 
ercise like Authority over all places 
purchased by the Consent of the Leg- 
islature of the State in which the 
Same shall be, for the Erection of 
Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, Dock- 
Yards, and other needful Buildings ; 
—And 

To make all Laws which shall be 
necessary and proper for carrying into 
Execution the foregoing Powers, and 
all other Powers vested by this Con- 
stitution in the Government of the 
United States, or in any Department 
or Officer thereof. 

Sec. 9. The Migration or Importa- 
tion of such Persons as any of the 
States now existing shall think proper 
to admit, shall not be prohibited by 
the Congress prior to the Year one 
thousand eight hundred and eight, but 
a Tax or Duty may be imposed on 
such Importation, not exceeding ten 
dollars for each Person. 

The Privilege of the Writ of Ha- 
beas Corpus shall not be suspended, 
unless when in Cases of Rebellion or 
Invasion the public safety may require 
it. 

No Bill of Attainder or ex post 
facto Law shall be passed. 

No Capitulation, or other direct Tax 
shall be laid, unless in Proportion to 
the Census or Enumeration herein be- 
fore directed to be taken. 

No Tax or Duty shall be laid on 
Articles exported from any State. 

No Preference shall be given by any 
Regulation of Commerce or Revenue 
to the Ports of one State over those 
of another ; nor shall Vessels bound 
to, or from, one State, be obliged to 
enter, clear, or pay Duties in another. 

No Money shall be drawn from the 
Treasury, but in Consequence of Ap- 
propriations made by Law ; and a reg- 
ular Statement and Account of the Re- 
ceipts and Expenditures of all public 
Money shall be published from time 
to time. 

No Title of Nobility shall be grant- 
ed by the United States : And no Per- 
son holding any Office of Profit or 
Trust under them, shall, without the 
Consent of the Congress, accept of any 
present, Emolument, Office, or Title. 



of any kind whatever, from any King? 
Prince, or foreign State. 

Sec. 10. No State shall enter into 
any Treaty, Alliance, or Confedera- 
tion ; grant Letters of Marque and Re- 
prisal ; coin Money ; emit Bills of 
Credit ; make any Thing but gold and 
silver Coin . a Tender in Payment of 
Debts ; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex 
post facto Law, or Law impairing the II 
Obligation of Contracts, or grant any 
Title of Nobility. 

No State shall, without the consent 
of the Congress, lay any Imposts or 
Duties on Imports or Exports, except 
what may be absolutely necessary for 
executing its inspection Laws ; and the 
net Produce of all Duties and Imposts 
laid by any State on Imports or Ex- 
ports, shall be for the Use of the Treas- 
ury of the United States ; and all such 
Laws shall be subject to the Revision 
and Controul of the Congress. 

No State shall, without the Consent 
of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, 
keep Troops, or Ships of War in time 
of Peace, enter into any Agreement 
or Compact with another State, or 
with a foreign Power, or engage in 
War, unless actually invaded, or m 
such imminent Danger as will not 
admit of Delay. 

ARTICLE II. 

[The Executive Department.] 

Section. 1. The executive Power 
shall be vested in a .President of the 
United States of America. He shall 
hold his Office during the Term of four 
Years, and, together with the Vice 
President, chosen for the same Term, 
be elected as follows : 

Each State shall appoint, in such 
Manner as the Legislature thereof may 
direct, a Number of Electors, equal to 
the whole Number of Senators and 
Representatives to which the State 
may be entitled in the Congress : but 
no Senator or Representative, or Per- 
son holding an Office of Trust or 
Profit under the United States, shall 
be appointed an Elector. 

* The Electors shall meet in their 
respective States, and vote by Ballot 
for two Persons, of whom one at least 
shall not be an Inhabitant of the same 



* This clause has been superseded hy tiae 12131 
Amendment. 



934 



Constitution of the XT. S. of America 



State with themselves. And they shall 
make a List of all the Persons voted 
for, and of the Number of Votes for 
each ; vs^hich List they shall sign and 
certify, and transmit sealed to the 
Seat of the Government of the United 
States, directed to the President of the 
Senate. The President of the Senate 
shall, in the Presence of the Senate 
and Plouse of Representatives, open 
all the Certificates, and the Votes shall 
then be counted. The Person having 
the greatest Number of Votes shall be 
the President, if such Number be a 
Majority of the \^ole Number of 
Electors appointed ; and if there be 
more than one who have such Majority 
and have an equal Number of Votes, 
then the House of Representatives 
shall immediately chuse by Ballot one 
of them for President ; and if no Per- 
son have a Majority, then from five 
highest on the List the said House 
shall in like Manner chuse the Presi- 
dent. But in chusing the President, 
the Votes shall be taken by States, the 
Representation from each State hav- 
ing one Vote ; a Quorum for this 
Purpose shall consist of a Member or 
Members from two-thirds of the States, 
and a Majority of all the States shall 
be necessary to a Choice. In every 
Case, after the Choice of the President, 
the Person having the greatest Num- 
ber of Votes of the Electors shall be 
the Vice President. But if there should 
remain two or more who have equal 
Votes, the Senate shall chuse from 
them by Ballot the Vice President. 

The Congress may determine the 
Time of chusing the Electors, and the 
Day on which they shall give their 
Votes ; which Day shall be the same 
throughout the United States. 

No Person except a natural born 
Citizen, or a Citizen of the United 
States, at the time of the Adoption of 
this Constitution shall be eligible to 
the Ofiice of President ; neither shall 
any Person be eligible to that Office 
who shall not have attained to the Age 
of thirty-five Years, and been four- 
teen Years a Resident within the Uni- 
ted States. 

In Case of the Removal of the Pres- 
ident from Oflice, or of his Death, 
Resignation, or Inability to discharge 
the Powers and Duties of the said 



Vice President, and the Congress may 
by Law provide for the Case of Re- 
moval, Death, Resignation, or Inabil- 
ity, both of the President and Vice 
President, declaring what Officer shall 
then act as President, and such Officer 
shall act accordingly, until the Disabil. 
ity be removed, or a President shali 
be elected. 

The President shall, at stated Times, 
receive for his Services, a Compensa- 
tion, which shall neither be increased 
nor diminished during the Period for 
which he shall have been elected, and 
he shall not receive within that Period 
any other Emolument from the United 
States, or any of them. 

Before he enter on the Execution of 
his Office, he shall take the following 
Oath or Affirmation : 

" I do solemnly swear (or affirm) 
" that I will faithfully execute the 
" Office of President of the United 
" States, and will to the best of my 
" Ability, preserve, protect and defend 
" the Constitution of the United 
" States." 

Sec. 2. The President shall be Com- 
mander in Chief of the Army and 
Navy of the United States, and of the 
Militia of the several States, when 
called into the actual Service of the 
United States ; he may require the 
opinion, in writing, of the principal 
Officer in each of the executive De- 
partments, upon any subject relating 
to the Duties of their respective Offi- 
ces, and he shall have Power to grant 
Reprieves and Pardons for Offences 
against the United States, except in 
Cases of Impeachment. 

He shall have Power, by and with 
the Adivce and Consent of the Senate, 
to make Treaties, provided two-thirds 
of the Senators present concur; and 
he shall nominate, and by and with the 
Advice and Consent of the Senate, 
shall appoint Ambassadors, other pub- 
lic Ministers and Consuls, Judges of 
the supreme Court, and all other Offi- 
cers of the United States, whose Ap- 
pointments are not herein otherwise 
provided for, and which shall be estab- 
lished by Law; but the Congress may 
by Law vest the Appointment of such 
inferior Officers, as they think proper, 
in the President alone, in the Courts 
of Law, or in the Heads of Depart- 



office, the same shall devolve on the ' ments 

035 



Constitution of tb.e U. S. of America 



The President shall have Power to 
fill up all Vacancies that may happen 
during the Recess of the Senate, by 
granting Commissions which shall ex- 
pire at the End of their next Session. 

Sec. 3. He shall from time to time 
give to the Congress Information of the 
State of the Union, and recommend to 
their Consideration such Measures as 
he shall judge necessary and expedi- 
ent ; he may, on extraordinary Occa- 
sions, convene both Houses, or either 
of them, and in Case of Disagreement 
between them, with Respect to the 
time of Adjournment, he may adjourn 
them to such Time as he shall think 
proper ; he shall receive Ambassadors 
and other public Ministers ; he shall 
take Care that the Laws be faithfully 
executed, and shall Commission all the 
officers of the United States. 

Sec. 4. The President, Vice Presi- 
dent and all civil Officers of the United 
States, shall be removed from Office 
on Impeachment for, and Conviction 
of, Treason, Bribery, or other high 
Crimes and Misdemeanors. 

ARTICLE III. 

Crhe Judicial Department.] 

Section 1. The Judicial Power of 
the United States, shall be vested in 
one supreme Court, and in such infe- 
rior Courts as the Congress may from 
time to time ordain and establish. The 
Judges, both of the supreme and in- 
ferior Courts, shall hold their Offices 
during good behaviour, and shall, at 
stated times, receive for their Serv- 
ices, a Compensation which shall not 
be diminished during their continuance 
in Office. 

Sec. 2. The judicial Power shall ex- 
tend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, 
arising under this Constitution, the 
Laws of the United States, and Treat- 
ies made, or which shall be made, 
under their Authority ; — to all Cases 
affecting Ambassadors, other public 
Ministers and Consuls; — to all Cases 
of admiralty and maritime Jurisdic- 
tion ; — to Controversies to which the 
United States shall be a Party; — to 
Controversies between two or more 
States; — between a State and Citi- 
zens of another State; — between Cit- 
izens of different States, — between Cit- 
izens of the same State claiming 
Lands under Grants of different States. 



and between a State, or the Citizens 
thereof and foreign States, Citizens or 
Subjects. 

In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, 
other public Ministers and Consuls, 
and those in which a State shall be 
Party, the supreme Court shall have 
original Jurisdiction. In all the other 
Cases before mentioned, the supreme 
Court shall have appellate Jurisdic- 
tion, both as to Law and Fact, with 
such Exceptions, and under such Reg- 
ulations as the Congress shall make. 

The Trial of all Crimes, except in 
Cases of Impeachment, shall be by 
Jury ; and such Trial shall be held in 
the State where the said Crimes shall 
have been committed ; but when not 
committed within any State, the Trial 
shall be at such Place or Places as the 
Congress may by Law have directed. 

Sec. 3. Treason against the United 
States, shall consist only in levying 
War against them, or in adhering to 
their Enemies, giving them Aid and 
Comfort. No Person shall be convict- 
ed of Treason unless on the Testimony 
of two Witnesses to the same overt 
Act, or on Confession in open Court. 

The Congress shall have Power to 
declare the Punishment of Treason, 
but no Attainder of Treason shall 
work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeit- 
ure except during the Life of the Per- 
son attainted. 

ARTICLE IV, 

pSHscellaneous.] 

Section. 1. Full Faith and Credit 
shall be given in each State to the 
public Acts, Records and judicial Pro- 
ceedings of every other State. And 
the Congress may by general Laws 
prescribe the Manner in which such 
Acts, Records and Proceedings shall 
be proved, and the Effect thereof. 

Sec. 2. The Citizens of each State 
shall be entitled to all Privileges and 
Immunities of Citizens in the several 
States. 

A Person charged in any State with 
Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who 
shall flee from Justice, and be found 
in another State, shall on Demand of 
the executive Authority of the State 
from which he fled, be delivered up, to 
be removed to the State having Juris- 
diction of the Crime. 



936 



Constitution of the U. S. of America 



No Person held to Service or La- 
bour in one State, under the Laws 
thereof, escaping into another, shall, 
in Consequence of any Law or Regu- 
lation therein, be discharged from such 
Service or Labour, but shall be deliv- 
ered up on Claim of the Party to 
whom such Service or Labour may be 
due. 

Sec. 3. New States may be admit- 
ted by the Congress into this Union ; 
but no new State shall be formed or 
erected within the Jurisdiction of any 
other State ; nor any State be formed 
by the Junction of two or more States, 
or Parts of States, without the Con- 
sent of the Legislatures of the States 
concerned as well as of the Congress. 

The Congress shall have power to 
dispose of and make all needful Rules 
and Regulations respecting the Terri- 
tory or other Property belonging to 
the United States ; and nothing in 
this Constitution shall be so construed 
as to Prejudice any Claims of the Uni- 
ted States, or of any particular State. 

Sec. 4. The United States shall 
guarantee to every State in this Union 
a Republican Form of Government, 
and shall protect each of them against 
Invasion, and on Application of the 
Legislature, or of the Executive 
(when the Legislature cannot be con- 
vened) against domestic Violence. 

ARTICLE V. 

The Congress, whenever two-thirds 
of both Houses shall deem it necessary, 
shall propose Amendments to this 
Constitution, or, on the Application 
of the Legislature of two-thirds of the 
several States, shall call a Convention 
for proposing Amendments, which, in 
either Case, shall be valid to all In- 
tents and Purposes, as Part of this 
Constitution, when ratified by the Leg- 
islatures of three-fourths of the sev- 
eral States, or by Conventions in 
three-fourths thereof, as the one or the 
other Mode of Ratification may be 
proposed by the Congress ; Provided 
that no Amendment which may be 
made prior to the Year one thousand 
eight hundred and eight shall in any 
Manner affect the first and fourth 
Clauses in the Ninth Section of the 
first Article ; and that no State, with- 
out its Consent, shall be deprived of 
its equal Suffrage in the Senate, 



ARTICLE VI. 

All Debts contracted and Engage- 
ments entered into, before the Adop- 
tion of this Constitution, shall be as 
valid against the United States under 
this Constitution, as under the Con- 
federation. 

This Constitution, and the Laws of 
the United States which shall be made 
in Pursuance thereof ; and all treaties 
made, or which shall be made, under 
the authority of the United States 
shall be the Supreme Law of the 
Land ; and the Judges in every State 
shall be bound thereby, any Thing in 
the Constitution or Laws of any State 
to the Contrary notwithstanding. 

The Senators and Representatives 
before mentioned, and the Members of 
the several State Legislatures, and all 
executive and judicial Officers, both of 
the United States, and of the several 
States, shall be bound by Oath or Af- 
firmation, to support this Constitu- 
tion ; but no religious Test shall ever 
be required as a qualification to any 
Office or public Trust under the Uni- 
ted States. 

ARTICLE VII. 

The Ratification of the Conventions 
of Nine States, shall be sufficient for 
the Establishment of this Constitution 
between the States so ratifying the 
same. 

DowE in Convention by the Unani- 
mous Consent of the States pres- 
ent the Seventeenth Day of Sep- 
tember in the Year of our Lord 
one thousand seven hundred and 
Eighty-seven and of the Indepen- 
dence of the United States of 
America the Twelfth. In Wit- 
ness whereof We have hereunto 
subscribed our Names, 

G° Washington — 
PresidH and deputy from Virginia, 
New Hampshire — John Langdon, 
Nicholas Oilman. 

New York — Alexander Hamilton. 
New Jersey — Wil. Livingston, Wm. 
Paterson, David Brearley, Jona Day- 
ton. 

Pennsylvania — B. Franklin, Robt, 
Morris, Tho. Fitzsimons, James Wil- 
son, Thomas Mifflin, Geo. Clymer, 
Jared Ingersoll. 

Massachusetts — Nathaniel Gor- 
ham, Rufus King. Gouv. Morris. 



937 



Constitution of tlie IT. S. of America 



Delaware — Geor. Read, John Dick- 
inson Jaco Broom, Gunning Bedford, 
Jun., Richard Bassett. 

Mabyland — James M'Henry, Danl. 
Carrol, Dan of St. Thos. Jenifer. 

YiEGiNiA — John Blair, 

Connecticut — Wm. Saml. John- 
son, Roger Sherman, James Madison, 
Jr. 

NoETH Caeolijsta — Wm. Blount, 
Hu. Williamson, Richard Dobbs 
Spaight. 

South Caeolina — J. Rutledge, 
Charles Pickney, Charles Cotesworth 
Pickney, Pierce Butler. 

Geoegia — William Few, Abr. Bald- 
win. 

Attest: William Jackson, 

Secretary. 



AMENDMENTS 

TO 

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE 

UNITED STATES OF 

AMERICA. 

Proposed "by Congress^ and ratified hy 

the Legislatures of the Several 

StateSf pursuant to the fifth 

article of the original 

Constitution. 

AMENDMENT I. 

Congress shall make no law re- 
specting an establishment of religion, 
©r prohibiting the free exercise there- 
of ; or abridging the freedom of speech, 
or of the press ; or the right of the 
people peaceably to assemble, and to 
petition the Government for a redress 
of grievances. 

AMENDMENT II. 

A well regulated Militia, being nec- 
essary to the security of a free State, 
the right of the people to keep and 
bear Arms, shall not be infringed. 

AMENDMENT III. 

No Soldier shall, in time of peace 
be quartered in any house, without 
the consent of the Owner, nor in time 



of war, but in a manner to be pre^- 
scribed by law. 

AMENDMENT IV. 

The right of the people to be secure 
in their persons, houses, papers, and 
effects, against unreasonable searches 
and seizures, shall not be violated, and 
no Warrants shall issue, but upon 
probable cause, supported oy oath or 
affirmation, and particularly describ- 
ing the place to be searched, and the 
person or things to be seized. 

AMENDMENT V, 

No person shall be held to answer 
for a capital, or otherwise infamous 
crime, unless on a presentment or in- 
dictment of a Grand Jury, except in 
cases arising in the land or naval 
forces, or in the Militia, when in ac- 
tual service in time of War or public 
danger ; nor shall any person be sub- 
ject for the same offence to be twice 
put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor 
shall be compelled in any Criminal 
Case to be a witness against himself, 
nor be deprived of life, liberty, or prop- 
erty, without due process of law; nor 
shall private property be taken for 
public use, without just compensation, 

AMENDMENT YL 

In all criminal prosecutions, the ac- 
cused shall enjoy the right to a speedy 
and public trial, by an impartial jury 
of the State and district wherein the 
crime shall have been committed, 
which district shall have been pre- 
viously ascertained by law, and to be 
informed of the nature and cause of 
the accusation ; to be confronted with 
the witnesses against him ; to have 
Compulsory process for obtaining Wit- 
nesses in his favor, and to have the 
Assistance of Counsel for his defence. 

AMENDMENT TII, 

In Suits at common law, where the 
value in controversy shall exceed 
twenty dollars, the right of trial by 
jury shall be preserved, and no fact 
tried by a jury shall be otherwise re- 
examined in any Court of the United 
States, than according to the rules of 
the common law. 



Constitution of the U. S. of America 



AMENDMENT VIII. 

Excessive bail shall not be required, 
nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel 
and unusual punishments inflicted. 

AMENDMENT IX. 

The enumeration of the Constitu- 
tion of certain rights, shall not be 
construed to deny or disparage others 
retained by the people. 

AMENDMENT X.« 

The powers not delegated to the 
"United States by the Constitution, nor 
prohibited by it to the States, are re- 
served to the States respectively, or 
to the people. 

AMENDMENT XI.t 

The Judicial power of the United 
States shall not be construed to ex- 
tend to any suit in law or equity, 
commenced or prosecuted against one 
of the United States by Citizens of 
another State, or by Citizens or Sub- 
jects of any Foreign State. 

AMENDMENT XII4 

The Electors shall meet in their re- 
spective states, and vote by ballot for 
President and Vice President, one of 
whom at least, shall not be an inhabi- 
tant of the same state with them- 
selves ; they shall name in their bal- 
lots the person voted for as President, 
and in distinct ballots the person voted 
for as Vice President, and they shall 
make distinct lists of all persons voted 
for as President, and of all persons 
voted for as Vice President, and of 
the number of votes for each, which 
lists they shall sign and certify, and 
transfer sealed to the seat of the gov- 
ernment of the United States directed 
to the President of the Senate ; — The 
President of the Senate shall, in pres- 
ence of the Senate and House of Rep- 



•The first ten amendments were proposed at the 
first session of the first Congress (1789), and declared 
adopted in 1791. 

t The eleventh amendment was proposed at the 
first session of the third Congress (1794), and de- 
clared adopted in 1798. 

t This amendment is substituted for Clause S, 
Sec. 1,, Art. II., page 934, and annuls It. It was 
declared adopted in 1804. 



resentatives, open all the certificates 
and the votes shall then be counted ; — 
The person having the greatest num- 
ber of votes for President, shall be the 
President, if such number be a major- 
ity of the whole number of Electors 
appointed ; and if no person have such 
majority , then from the persons hav- 
ing the highest numbers no exceed- 
ing three on the list of those voted 
for as President, the House of Repre- 
sentatives shall choose immediately, by 
ballot, the President. Buc in choosing- 
the President, the votes shall be taken 
by states, the representation from each 
state having one vote ; a quorum for 
this purpose shall consist of a member 
or members from two-thirds of the 
states, and a majority of all the states 
shall be necessary to a choice. And if 
the House of Representatives shall 
not choose a President whenever the 
right of choice shall devolve upon 
them, before the fourth day of March 
next following, then the Vice Presi- 
dent shall act as President, as in the 
case of the death or other constitu- 
tional disability of the President. The 
person having the greatest number of 
votes as Vice President, shall be the 
Vice President, if such number be a 
majority of the whole number of Elect- 
ors appointed, and if no person have 
a majority, then from the two highest 
numbers on the list, the Senate shall 
choose the Vice President ; a quorum 
for the purpose shall consist of two- 
thirds of the whole number of Sena- 
tors, and a majority of the whole 
number shall be necessary to a choice. 
But no person constitutionally ineli- 
gible to the office of President shall be 
eligible to that of Vice President of 
the United States. 

AMENDMENT XIII.* 

Section 1. Neither slavery nor in- 
voluntary servitude, except as punish- 
ment for crime, whereof the party 
shall have been duly convicted, shall 
exist within the United States, or any 
place subject to their jurisdiction. 

Sec. 2. Congress shall have power 
to enforce this article by appropriate 
legislation. 



* The thirteenth amendment was proposed at the 
second session of the thirty-eighth Congress (i86B)t 
and declared adopted in 1866. 



Constitution of tlie U. S. of America 



AMENDMENT XlV.f 

Sectiojn^ 1, All persons born or nat- 
uralized in the United States, and sub- 
ject to the jurisdiction thereof, are 
citizens of the United States and of 
the state wherein they reside. No 
state shall make or enforce any law 
which shall abridge the privileges or 
immunities of citizens of the United 
States ; nor shall any state deprive 
any person of life, liberty, or prop- 
erty, without due process of law, nor 
deny any person within its jurisdic- 
tion the equal protection of the laws. 

Sec. 2. Representatives shall be ap- 
portioned among the several states ac- 
cording to their respective numbers, 
counting the whole number of persons 
in each state, excluding Indians not 
taxed. But when the right to vote at 
any election for the choice of Elect- 
ors for President and Vice President 
of the United States, representatives 
in Congress, the executive and judicial 
officers of a state, or the members of 
the Legislature thereof, is denied to 
any of the male inhabitants of such 
state, being twenty-one years of age, 
and citizens of the United States, or 
in any way abridged, except for par- 
ticipation in rebellion or other crime, 
the basis of representation therein 
shall be reduced in the proportion 
which the number of such male citi- 
zens shall bear to the whole number 
of male citizens twenty-one years of 
age in such state. 

Sec. 3. No person shall be a Sena- 
tor or Representative in Congress, or 
Elector of President and Vice Presi- 
dent, or hold any office, civil or mili- 



t The f onrteenth amendment was first proposed 
at the first session of the thirty-nintti Congress, 1866, 
and declared adopted in 1868. 



tary, under the United States, or un* 
der any state, who, having previously 
taken an oath, as a member of Con- 
gress, or as an officer of the United 
States, or as a member of any state 
Legislature, or as an executive or ju- 
dicial officer of any state, to support 
the Constitution of the United States, 
shall have engaged in insurrection or 
rebellion against the same or given aid 
or comfort to the enemies thereof. But 
Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds 
of each house, remove such disability. 

Sec. 4. The validity of the public 
debt of the United States, authorized 
by law, including debts incurred for 
payment of pensions and bounties for 
services in suppressing insurrection 
or rebellion, shall not be questioned. 
But neither the United States nor any 
state shall assume or pay any debt or 
obligation incurred in aid of insurrec- 
tion or rebellion against the United 
States, or any claim for the loss or 
emancipation of any slave ; but all 
such debts obligations, and claims shall 
be held illegal and void. 

Sec. 5. The Congress shall have 
power to enforce, by appropriate legis- 
lation, the provisions of this article. 

AMENDMENT XV.* 

Sectioint 1. The right of citizens of 
the United States to vote shall not be 
denied or abridged by the United 
States, or by any state, on account of 
race, color, or previous condition of 
servitude. 

Sec. 2. The Congress shall have 
power to enforce this article by ap- 
propriate legislation. 



* The fifteenth amendment was proposed at the 
second session of the fortieth Congress. In 186a, and 
declared adopted in iBTOw 



040 



THE METRIC SYSTEM 

OF 

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 



MEASURES OF I.ENGTH. 



METRIC DENOMINATIONS AND VALUES. 


EQUIVALENTS IN DENOMINATIONS IN USE. 


Myriameter 10,000 meters, 

Kilometer 1,000 meters, 






. . 6.2137 miles. 
. 0.62137 mile, or 3280 feet and 10 inches. 
328 feet and i inch. 
393.7 inches. 
39.37 inches. 
3.937 inches. 
• 0-3937 inch. 
. 0.0394 inch. 






Decimeter 1^ of a meter, 

Centimeter .0 i^c of a meter, 

Millimeter . , txsVtj of a meter. 



MEASURES OE SURFACE. 



METRIC DENOMINATIONS AND VALUES. 

Hectare 10,000 square meters, 

Are 100 square meters, 

Centare i square meter. 



EQUIVALENTS IN DENOMINATIONS IN USE. 



. 2.471 acres. 
119.6 square yards. 
1,550 square inches. 



MEASURES OF CAPACITY. 



METRIC DENOMINATIONS AND VALUES. 



Kiloliter, or Stere 

Hectoliter 

Dekaliter 

Liter . . 

Deciliter . 

CentiUter 

MilHliter. 



No. of 

liters. 



Cubic Measure. 



1,000 

100 

10 

I 
r\ 

TSXS 
1000 



cubic meter . . . 
^ of a cubic meter . 
10 cubic decimeters . 

I cubic decimeter 
xV of a cubic decimeter 
10 cubic centimeters . 

I cubic centimeter . 



EQUIVALENTS IN DENOMINATIONS IN USE. 



Dry Measure. 



1.308 cubic yards . . . 
2 bushels and 3.35 pecks 

9.08 quarts 

0.908 quart 

6.1022 cubic inches , , 
0.6102 cubic inch . . 
0.061 cubic inch . . . 



Liquid or Wine 
Measure. 



264.17 gallons. 
26.417 gallons. 
2.6417 gallons. 
1.0567 quarts. 
0.845 gill. 
0.338 fluid oz. 
0.27 fluid dram. 



WEIGHTS. 



METRIC DENOMINATIONS AND VALUES. 



Millier or Tonneau 
Quintal . . 
Myriagram 
Kilogram or Kilo 
Hectogram . 
Dekagram . . 
Gram. . . . 
Decigram . . 
Centigram . . 
Milligram . . 



Number of 
Rrams. 



1,000,000 

100,000 

10,000 

1,000 

100 

10 

I 

TOT 

1000 



Weight of what quantity of water 
at maximum density. 



I cubic meter .... 

I hectoliter 

10 liters o . 

I liter • 

I deciliter . . . . • 
10 cubic centimeters . • 

I cubic centimeter . . 
^ of a cubic centimeter 
10 cubic millimeters . . 

I cubic millimeter . . 
(HI 



EQUIVALENTS IN DENOM- 
INATIONS IN USE. 



Avoirdupois Weight. 



2,204.6 pounds. 
220.46 pounds. 
22.046 pounds. 
2.2046 pounds. 
3.5274 ounces. 
0.3527 ounce. 
15.432 grains. 
1.5432 grains. 
0.1543 grain. 
0.0154 grain. 



Value of Foreigii Coks ifi Dnited States Money. 

(Proclaimed by xh^ Secretary of the Treasury, October i, 1903*). 
(Revised by Messrs. Thomas Cook & Son, October i, 1904). 



Monetary Unit. 



Value in 

U. S. Gold 

DoUar. 



Argent. R. 
Austria-H. 



Belgium ... 
Bolivia .... 
BrazU...... 

Canada 

Cent. Am.. 
Chile 

China 

Colombia.. 

Costa Rica 

Cuba 

Denmark .. 
Ecuador... 

Egypt 

France .... 
Germany . . 
Gt. Britain. 
Greece 

Hayti 

India 

Italy 

Japan 

Mexico .... 

Neth'lands. 
N'foundl'd. 
Norway . . . 

Peru 

Portugal .. 
Russia .... 

Spain 

Sweden.... 
Switz'land. 
Turkey .... 
Uruguay... 
Venezuela.. 



Gold. 
Gold. 



Peso... 

Crown . 



Gold... 
Silver.. 
Gold... 

Gold... 
Silver. . 
Gold... 

Silver.. 

Silver.. 

Gold... 

Gold... 

Gold... 
Silver,. 

Gold... 

Gold... 
Gold... 
Gold... 
Gold... 

Gold... 

Gold... 
Gold... 
Gold... 

Silver. . 

Gold... 
Gold... 
Gold... 
Gold... 
Gold... 
Gold... 

Gold... 
Gold... 
Gold... 
Gold... 
Gold... 
Gold... 


Franc 




Dollar 


Pesot 


Peso 


( Shanghai 
Tael$ I Tientsin . 

( Canton.. 
Peso 


Colon 


Peso 


Crown .......... .... 


Sucre. ........ .. 


Pound (100 piasters) . 


Mark 


Pound sterling 


Gourde ............ 


Pound sterling^. ... 
Lira ................. 


Yen 


Dollar 

Florin 


Dollar 




Sol 

Milreis 

Ruble 


Peseta : 


Crown . . 






Peso 


Bolivai 



$0.96.5 
.20.3 



.19-^ 
.40.8 
.54.6 

i.oo 
.40.8 
.40 

.60.2 
.63.9 
.65.7 
.40.8 

.46.5 

.92.6 

.26.8 
.48.7 

4-94.3 

.23.8 

4.86.61^ 

.19-3 

.96.5 

4.86.6^ 
.19-3 
.49.8 

•45 

.40.2 
1.01.4 

.26.8 

.40 
1.08 

.51.5 

■ 19.3 
.26.8 

•19-3 
.04.4 
1.03.4 
.19-3 



Gold: argentine ($4.82.4) and K argentine. 

Silver: peso and divisions. 
Gold: former system— 4 florins ($1,92.9), 8 

florins ($3.85.8), ducat ($2.28.7), and 4 

ducats ($9.14.9). Silver: i and 2 florins. . 

Gold: present system — 20 crowns ($4.05.2) ', 

and ID crowns ($2.02.6). 
Gold: 10 and 20 francs. Silver: 5 francs. 
Silver: boliviano and divisions. 
Gold: 5, 10, and 20 milreis. Silver; }4, i, 

and 2 milreis. 

Silver: peso and divisions. 
Gold: escudo ($1.82.5) , doubloon ($3.65) ,and 
condor ($7.30) . Silver: peso and divisions. 



Gold: condor ($9.64.7) and double-condor. 
Silver: peso. 

Gold: 2, 5, 10, and 20 colons ($9.30.7). Sil- 
ver: 5, 10, 25, and 50 centimos. 

Gold: doubloon ($5.01.7) ; Alphonse 
($4.82,3). Silver: peso. 

Gold: 10 and 20 crowns. 

Gold: 10 sucres ($4.86.65). Silver: Sucre 
and divisions. 

Gold: pound (100 piasters), 5, 10, 20 and 50 
piasters. Silver: i, 2, 5, 10, and20 piasters. 

Gold: 6, 10, 20, 50, and 100 frs. Silver: 5 frs. 

Gold: 6. 10, and 20 marks. 

Gold: sovereign (pound st'ling)andMso'gB. 

Gold: 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 drachmas. Sil- 
ver: 5 drachmas. 

Gold: 1, 2, 5, and 10 gourdes. Silver: gourde 
and divisions. 

Gold: sov. ($4.86.65) Sil.: rupee and div'ns. 

Gold: 6, 10, and 20 lire. Silver: 5 lire. 

Gold: I, 2, 5, 10, and 20 yen. Silver: 10, 20, 
and 50 sen. 

Gold: dollar ($0.08.3) , 2K, 5, 10, and 20 dol- 
lars. Silver: dollar (or peso) and divisions. 

Gold: 10 florins. Silver: %, i, and 2H florins. 

Gold: 2 dollars ($2.02.7). 

Gold: 10 and 20 crowns. 

Gold: libra ($4.86.65) . Sil.: sol and div'ns. 

Gold: I, 2, 5, and 10 milreis. 

Gold: imperial ($7.71.8) and K imperial, 7M 
rubles ($3.86). Silver: X, Yi, and i ruble. 

Gold: 25 pesetas. Silver: 5 pesetas. 

Gold: 10 and 20 croAvns. 

Gold: 6, 10, and 20 frs. Silver: 5 frs 

Gold: 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 piasters. 

Gold: peso. Silver: peso and divisions. 

Gold: 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 boli\'ars. Sil- 
ver: 5 bolivars. 



The coins of silver-standard countries are valued by their pure silver contents, at the average market price of 
silver for the three nionths preceding the date of this circular, f Not including Costa Rica, 
has the same value as the Mexican at Hong Kong and the Straits Settlement. 
eoin of India, bHt the rupee ($0.32.4) is the money of account, current at 15 

942 



X The British dollar 
The sovereign is the standard 
to the sovereign. 



Value of Foreign Coins — Continued 



TABLE SHOWING THE VALUE OF FOREIGN COINS AND PA PER NOTES 
IN AMERICAN MONEY BASED UPON THE VALUES EAJrRSSSED IN 
THE ABOVE TABLE. 





British £ 


German 


French 


Chinese Tael 


Dutch 


Indian 


ussian 


Austriac 




Sterling. 


Mark. 


Italian Lira. 


(Shanghaij. 


Florin, 


Eupee. 


Gcid, Euble. 


Crown, 


I 


^4.86.6^ 


$0.23.8 


%u 


$0.60.2 


$0.^0.2 
O.S0-A 
1.20.0 


• o!64'.8 


$0.51.5 


$0.20.3 
0.40.6 
9.60.9 


2 


9.73-3,^ 


0.47.6 


120,4 

T.8C.6 


1.03 


3 


i4-59.9>^ 
19.46.6 


0.71.4 


067-9 


0.97.2 


l:'^' 


4 


0.95.2 


0.77.2 


^.40.8 


i.60.8 


1.29.6 


o.8i.a 


i 


24-33-2^ 


I.19 


5.96.^ 


3.01 


2,01 


1.62 


2.57.5 


i.oi.s 
1. 21.8 


29.19.9 _ 


x.42.8 

1.66=6 


1.15.S 


3.61.2 


2.41.2 
2.81 .A 
3.21.6 


im 


3-09 


I 


3^.06. r,M 


I.3S.I 


4.21.4 
4.81.6 


3.60.5 


1.M4 


'o.u^.r. 


1.Q0.4 


1.54.4 


2.59.2 


4.12 


9 


97.33 


2.14.2 

2.3| 

4.76 


1.73.7 


5.41.8 
6.02.2 

12.04 

18.06 


3.61.8 


2.91.6 


4.63-5 


1.82.7 


10 
20 


3:S 


S.OA 
12.06 


1% 


5.15 
10.30 


g.09 


30 


\& 


7.14 


5.79 


9.72 


20.00 


40 


9.52 


7.72 


24.08 


16.08 


12.96 


8.12 


SO 


M' 


11.90 
23.80 


9.65 


30.10 


20.10 


16.20 


25.75 


10.1$ 


100 


19.30 


60.20 


40.20 


32.40 


51.50 


20.30 



TIME DIFFERENCE 



BETWEEN THE CITY OF NEW YORK and the PRINCIPAL FOREIGN CITIES. 



LATER THAN NEW YORK. 



H. M. 

Antwerp 5 13.5 

Berlin 5 49. 5 

Bremen 5 31.0 

Brussels 5 13.4 

Buenos Ayres . . i 2. 4 

Calcutta 10 49. 2 

Constantinople. 6 51.9 



H. M. 

Dublin 4 30. 5 

Edinburgh 4 43. 2 

Geneva 5 20. 5 

Hamburg 5 35.8 

Liverpool 4 43-6 

London, 4 55.9 

Madrid 4 41. i 



H, M. 

Paris 5 5.2 

Rio de Janeiro .2 3. 2 

Rome " 4518 

St. Petersburg.. 6 57.1 

Valparaiso o 9.3 

Vienna 6 1.2 

Halifax 41.5 



EARLIER THAN NEW 
YORK. 

H. M. 

Havana 33.5 

Hong Kong ....II 27,4 

Melbourne, 924.2 

Mexico, City of. i 40, 5 

Panama o 22. 2 

Yokohama...... 945.5 



ELECTORAL VOTE IN 1912, 



State 



Alabama. . 
Arizona . . 
Arkansas . 
California . 
Colorado . 
Connecticut 
Delaware . 
Florida . . 
Georgia . . 
Idaho . . . 
Illinois . . 
Indiana . . 
Iowa .... 
Kansas . . 
Kentucky . 
Louisiana , 



Wil- 
son 
Dem. 



Roose- 
velt 
Prog. 



Taft 
Rep. 



Maine . . 
Maryland 
Mass'tts , 
Michigan 
Minnesota 
Mississippi 
Missouri . 
Montana . 
Nebraska 
Nevada . 
New Hamp. 
New Jersey 
New Mexico 
New York 
N. Carolina 
N. Dakota 



Wil- 
son 
Dem. 



18 



Roose- 
velt 
Prog. 



Taft 
Rep. 



Ohio . . . . 
Oklahoma . 
Oregon . . . 
Pennsylv'ia. 
Rhode Isl. . 
S. Carolina. 
S. Dakota , 
Tennessee . 
Texas . . . 
Utah . . . . 
Vermont . . 
Virginia . . 
Washington 
W. Virginia 
Wisconsin . 
Wyoming . 



Wil- 
son 
Dem. 



Roose- 
velt 
Prog. 



Taft 
Rep. 



Total for Wilson (Dem.) 435. Total for Roosevelt (Prog.) 88 

Wilson's Popular Plurality Over Roosevelt 



Total for Taft (Rep.) i 
2,160,194 



943 



Weather Forecasts 



ALMANAC predictions can be noth- 
. ing but conjecture, the earth's 
subjection to many unknowable and 
undeterminable forces rendering such 
calculations impossible. It is practi- 
cable, however, by the following rules, 
drawn from actual results during very 



many years and applied with due re- 
gard to the subjects of solar and lunar 
attraction with reference to this plan- 
et, to foresee the kind of weather 
most likely to follow the moon's change 
of phase : 



Prog-nostications. 



If New Moon, First Quarter, Full 
Moon or Last Quarter happens 



Between midnight and 2 a.m. 
8 



" 10 " 

" 12 « 

" 2 P.M. 

" A « 

" I " 

<( 3 u 

" 10 " 

" midnight 



In Summer. 



Fair (i and 2) 

Cold and showers . . . 

Rain 

Wind and rain 

Changeable 

Frequent showers (3) 

Very rainy (4) 

Changeable 

Fair 

Fair if wind N. W.. 
Rainy if S., or S. W. 
Fair 



In Winter. 



Frost, unless wind is S. W. (j) 

Snow and stormy. 

Rain. 

Stormy. 

Cold rain if wind W., snow if E. 

Cold and high wind. 

Snow or rain. 

Fair and mild. 

Fair. 

Fair and frosty if wind N. or N.E. 

Rain or snow if S. or S. W. 

Fair and frosty. 



Obseevations. — 1. The nearer the 
moon's change, first quarter, full and 
last quarter to midnight, the fairer 
will be the weather during the next 
seven days. 

2. The space for this calculation oc- 
cupies from ten at night till two next 
morning. 

3. The nearer to midday or noon the 
phase of the moon happens, the more 
foul or wet weather may be expected 
during the next seven days. 

4. The space for this calculation oc- 
cupies from ten in the forenoon to 
two in the afternoon. These observa- 
tions refer principally to summer, 
though they affect spring and autumn 
in the same ratio. 

5. The moon's change, first quarter, 
full and last quarter happening dur- 
ing six of the afternoon hours, i e., 
from four to ten, may be followed by 
fair weather, but this is mostly depen- 
dent on the wind, as is noted in the 
table. 

6. Though the weather, from a vari- 
ety of irregular causes, is more uncer- 
tain in the latter part of autumn, the 

944 



whole of winter and the beginning of 
spring, yet, in the main, the above 
observations will apply to these pe- 
riods also. 

7. To prognosticate correctly, espe- 
cially in those cases where the wind 
is concerned, the observer should be 
within sight of a vane where the four 
cardinal points of the compass are cor- 
rectly placed. 



Certain phenomena in the air and 
peculiarities of birds have long been 
known to indicate a change in the 
weather. Many years ago the learned 
Dr. Jenner embodied these in verse, 
in reply to an invitation from a friend 
with whom he had planned an excur- 
sion the following day. It covers about 
all that is known to-day upon that 
branch of the subject : 

"The hollow winds begin to blow, 
The clouds look black, the glass is low ; 
The soot falls down, the spaniels sleep, 
And spiders from their cobwebs peep. 
Last night the sun went pale to bed. 
The moon in halos hid her head ; 
The boding shepherd heaves a sigh. 



Weather Forecasts 



Far, see, a rainbow spans the sky ; 
The walls are damp, the ditches smell. 
Closed is the pink-eyed pimpernel. 
Hark ! how the chairs and tables crack. 
Old Betty's joints are on the rack ; 
Loud quack the ducks, the peacocks 

cry. 
The distant hills are looking nigh. 
How restless are the snorting swine, 
The busy flies disturb the kine ; 
Low o'er the grass the swallow wings, 
The cricket, too, how sharp he sings ; 
Puss, on the hearth, with velvet paws. 
Sits, wiping o'er her whiskered jaws. 
Through the clear stream the fishes 

rise, 
And nimbly catch th' incautious flies ; 
The glow-worms, numerous and bright. 



Illum'd the dewy dell last night; 
At dusk the squalid toad was seen 
Hopping and crawling o'er the green; 
The whirling wind the dust obeys, 
And in the rapid eddy plays ; 
The frog has changed his yellow vest, 
And in a russet coat is dressed. 
Though June, the air is cold and still ; 
The blackbird's mellow voice is shrill ; 
My dog, so alter'd is his taste, 
Quits mutton bones, on grass to feast ; 
And see yon rooks, how odd their 

flight ; 
They imitate the gliding kite, 
And seem precipitate to fall — - 
As if they felt the piercing ball. 
'Twill surely rain, I see with sorrow; 
Our jaunt must be put off to-morrow." 



PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES 



Birthplace. 



Paternal 
Ancestry. 



Place of Death. 



George 'Washington 

2] John Adams 

homas Jeiferson. 
James Madison .... 

James Monroe 

John Qulncy Adams 
ilndrew Jackson.. 
Martin Van Buren 
William H.Harrison 

John Tyler 

James K. Polk.... 
Zachary Taylor . . . 
Millard Fillmore.. 
Franklin Pierce... 
James Buchanan.. 
Abraham Lincoln. 
Andrew Johnson.. 
Ulysses S. Grant.. 
Eutherford B. Hayes 
James A. Garfield. 
Chester A. Arthur. 
Grover Cleveland . 
Benjamin Harrison 
Grover Cleveland . 
William McKiiilev . 



Westmoreland Co.,Va. 

Quincy, Mass 

Shadwell, Va 

Port Conway, Va 

Westmoreland Co.,Va. 

Quincy, Mass 

Union Co., N. C.*.... 
Kinderhook, N. Y. ... 

Berkeley, Va 

Greenway, Va 

Mecklenburg Co., N.C. 

Orange Co. , Va 

Summerhill, N. Y. ... 
Hillsboro, N. H 

Cove Gap, Pa 

Larue Co., Ky 

Baleish, N. C 

Point Pleasant, O 

Delaware, 

Cuyahoga Co., O 

Fairfield, Vt 

Caldwell, N. J 

North Bend,0 

Caldwell, N. J 

Niles, O 



rheodore BooseveltlNpw York Citv. 

William H. Taft . . .ICincinnatf, O. . . 

,28|Woodrow Wilson . . .|Staunton, Va. . . 



English ... 
English ... 

Welsh 

English ... 
Scotch .... 



Scotch- Irish, 

Dutch 

English .... 
English 
Scotch-Irish. 
English .... 
English ... 
English ... 
Scotch- Irish 
English ... 
English ... 

Scotch 

Scotch 

English ... 
Scotch-Irish. 
English .... 
Engli.'ih .... 

English 

Scotch-Irish, 
Dutch 



Va.... 
Mass. 
Va... 
Va... 
Va... 
Mass. 
Tenn. 
N. Y. 
0.... 
Va... 
Tenn. 
La... 
N. Y. 
N. H. 
Pa... 
111. . . 
Tenn, 
D.C.. 
O. ... 
0.... 
N. Y. 
N. Y. 
Ind. . 
N. Y. 
0. ... 
N. Y. 



18561 Scotch 



1 lOhio.. . 

-Irish. .|n.j... . 



1789 
1797 
1801 
1809 
1817 
1825 
1829 
1837 
1841 
1841 
1845 
1849 
1850 
1853 
1857 
1861 
1865 
1869 
1877 
1881 
1881 
1885 



Fed.... 
Fed. .. 
■ t.. 
Rep. .. 
Eep. .. 
Rep.t. 
Dem. . . 
Dcm. . . 
Whig. . 
Dem. . . 
Dem. . . 
Whig. . 
Whig. . 
Dem... 
Dem. . . 
Rep.... 
Rep.... 
Rep.... 



Eep... 
Rep... 
Dem.. 
Rep... 
Dem.. 
Rep... 
Rep... 
Rep. . 
Dem. . 



Mt. Vernon, Va..... 

Quincy, Mass 

Mouticello, Va 

Moutpelier, Va 

New York City 

Washington, D. C... 
Hermitage, Tenn... 
Linden wold, N. Y.. 
Wa;hington, D. C... 

Richmond, Va 

Nashville, Tenn. ... 

Washington, D. C 

Buffr.lo, N. Y 

Concord, N. H 

WTieatland, Pa 

Washington, D. C 

Carter's Depot, Tenn 
Mt. McGregor, N. Y. 

Fremont, O 

Long Branch, N. J. . 

New York City 

Marion, Mass. ....... 

Indianapolis. Ind 

Marion, Mass 

Bufialo, N. Y. 



• Jackson called himself a South Carolinian, and his biographer, Kendall, recorded his birthplace in Lancaster 
.>unty, S. C; but Parton has published documentary evidence to show that Jackson was born in Union County, N. C, 
less than a quarter mile from the South Carolina line. 

t The Democratic party of to-day claims lineal descent from the first Republican party, and President Jefferson 
as its founder. 

t Political parties were disorganized at the time of the election of John Quincy Adams. He claimed to be a 
Republican, but his doctrines were decidedly Federalistic The opposition to bis Adminlfltrattoo kx* tbe nam« 
«f Democrats, and elected Jackson President. 



Language of the Flowers 



A CLUSTER of flowers can be made 
to express any sentiment if care 
is taken in the selection. 

If a flower is offered reversed, its 
original signification is contradicted, 
and the opposite implied. 

A rosebud divested of thorns, but re- 
taining leaves, conveys the sentiment, 
"I fear no longer ; I hope." Strip- 
ped of leaves and thorns, it signifies, 
"There is nothing to hope or fear." 



A full-blown rose, placed over tw© 

buds, signifies " Secrecy." 

" Yes " is implied by touching the 
flower given to the lips ; " No," by 
pinching off a petal and casting it 
away. 

" I am " is expressed by a laurel 
leaf twined around the bouquet ; " I 
have," by an ivy leaf folded together ; 
" I offer you," by a leaf of Virginia 
creeper. 



SINGLE FLOWERS 



Arbor Vitse — Unchanging friendship. 

Camelia, White — Loveliness. 

Candy-Tuft — Indifference. 

Carnation, White — Disdain. 

China Aster — Variety. 

Clover, Four-Leaf — Be mine. 

Clover, White — Think of me. 

Clover, Red — Industry. 

Columbine — Folly. 

Daisy — Innocence. 

Daisy, Colored — Beauty. 

Dead Leaves — Sadness. 

Deadly Nightshade — Falsehood. 

Fern — Fascination. 

Forget-me-not. 

Fuchsia, Scarlet — Taste. 

Geranium, Horseshoe — Stupidity. 

Geranium, Scarlet — Consolation. 

Geranium, Rose — Preference. 

Golden-rod — Be cautious. 

Helitrope — Devotion. 

Hyacinth, White — Loveliness. 

Hyacinth, Purple — Sorrow. 

Ivy — Friendship, 

Lily, Day — Coquetry. 

Lily, White — Sweetness. 

Lily, Yellow — Gayety. 

Lily, Water — Purity of heart. 

Lily of the Valley — Unconscious sweet- 
ness. 

Mignonette — Your qualities surpass 
your charms. 

Monkshead — Danger is near. 

Myrtle — Love. 

Oak — Hospitality. 

Orange Blossoms — Chastity. 

Pansy — Thoughts. 

Passion Flower — Faith. 

Primrose — Inconstancy- 
Rose — Love, 

Rose, Damask — Beauty ever new. 

Rose, Yellow — Jealousy. 

Rose, White — I am worthy of you. 

Rosebud, Moss — Confession of Love. 



Smilax — Constancy. * 

Straw — Agreement. 

Straw, Broken — Broken Agreement. 

Sweet Pea — Depart. 

Tuberose — Dangerous Pleasures. 

Thistle — Sternness. 

Verbena — Pray for me. 

White Jasmine — Amiability. 

Witch Hazel — A spell. 

IN COMBINATIONS 



946 



Moss Rosebud, 
Myrtle. 

Mignonette, 
Colored Daisy. 

Lily of the Valley, 
Ferns. 

Yellow Rose, 
Broken Straw, 
Ivy. 



Scarlet Geranium, 
Passion Flower, 
Purple Hyacinth, 
Arbor Vitse. 



Columbine, 
Day Lily, 
Broken Straw, 
Witch Hazel, 
Colored Daisy. 
White Pink, 
Canary Grass, 
Laurel. 

Golden-rod, 
Monkshead, 
Sweet Pea, 
Forget-me-not. 



( A confession 
\ of love. 

{Your qualities sur- 
pass your charms 
of beauty. 
{Your unconscious 
sweetness 
has fascinated me. 
{Your jealousy 
has broken 
our friendship. 
f I trust you will 
find consolation, 
through faith, 
in your sorrow ; 
be assured of my 
unchanging 
. friendship. 
Your folly and 
coquetry have 
broken 

the spell of your 
. beauty. 

{Your talent 
and perseverance 
will win you glory. 

Be cautious ; 
danger is near ; 
I deoart soon ; 
forget-me-not. 



THE NAMES OF THE STATES 



THEIR ORIGIN AND MEANING 



Alabama — Indian ; meaning "Here 

we rest." 

Arkansas — " Kansas,'* the Indian 
name for "smoky water," with the 
French prefix "arc," bow or bend 
in the principal river. 

California — Caliente Fornalla, Span- 
ish for "hot furnace," in allusion to 
the climate. 

Colorado — Spanish ; meaning "col- 
ored," from the red color of the 
Colorado river. 

Connecticut — Indian; meaning 
"long river." 

Delaware — Named in honor of Lord 
Delaware. 

Florida — Named by Ponce de Leon, 
who discovered it in 1512, on Easter 
Day, the Spanish Pascua de Flores, 
or "Feast of Flowers." 

Georgia — In honor of George II. of 
England. 

Illinois — From the Indian "illini," 
men, and the French suffix "ois," 
together signifying "tribe of men." 

Indiana — Indian land. 

Iowa — Indian; meaning "beautiful 
land." 

Hans as — Indian; meaning "smoky 
water." 

Kentucky — Indian ; for "at the head 
of the river;" or "the dark and 
bloody ground."' 

Xiouisiana — In honor of Louis XIV. 
of France. 

Maine — From the province of Maine, 
in France. 

Maryland — In honor of Henrietta 
Maria, queen of Charles I. of Eng- 
land. 

Massachusetts — Place of great hills 
(blue hills southwest of Boston). 

Mickigan — The Indian name for a 
fish weir. The lake was so called 



from the fancied resemblance of thfc 
lake to a fish trap. 

Minnesota — Indian ; meaning "sky- 
tinted water." 

Mississippi — Indian; meaning 
"great father of waters." 

Missouri — Indian ; meaning "mud- 
dy." 

Nebraska — Indian ; meaning "water 
valley." 

Nevada — Spanish ; meaning "snow- 
covered," alluding to the mountains. 

New Hampskire — From Hampshire 
county, England. 

New Jersey — In honor of Sir George 
Carteret, one of the original gran- 
tees, who had previously been gov- 
ernor of Jersey Island. 

New York — In honor of the Duke of 
York. 

Nortk and Soutk Carolina — Orig- 
inally called Carolina, in honor of 
Charles IX. of France. 

Okio — Indian ; meaning "beautiful 
river." 

Oregon — From the Spanish "ore- 
gano," wild marjoram, which grows 
abundantly on the coast. 

Pennsylvania — Latin; meaning 
Penn's woody land. 

Rkode Island — From a fancied re- 
semblance to the island of Rhodes 
in the Mediterranean. 

Tennessee — Indian; meaning "river 
with the great bend." 

Texas — Origin of this name is un- 
known. 

Vermont — French; meaning green 
mountain. 

Virginia — In honor of Elizabeth, the 
"Virgin Queen." 

Wisconsin — Indian; meaning "gath- 
ering of the waters," or "wild rush- 
ing channel." 



M7 



DECISIVE BATTLES 



Marathon, B.C. 490. The Athe- 
nians, under Miltiades, defeated the 
Persians under Datis. Free govern- 
ment preserved. 

Syracuse, B.C. 414. The Athe- 
nians defeated by the Syracusans and 
their allies, the Spartans, under Gy- 
lippus. 

Arbela, B.C. 331. The Persians 
defeated by the Macedonians and 
Greeks under Alexander the Great. 
End of the Persian Empire. 

Metaurus, B.C. 207. The Car- 
thaginians, under Hasdrubul, v^ere de- 
feated by the Romans, under Caius 
and Marcus Livius. 

FMlippi, B.C. 42. Brutus and 
Cassius defeated by Octavius and An- 
tony. The fate of the Republic de- 
cided. 

Actium, B.C. 31. The combined 
fleets of Antony and Cleopatra de- 
feated by Octavius, and imperialism 
established in the person of Octavius. 

"Wimfeld-Lippe, A.D. 9. Teu- 
tonic independence established by the 
defeat of the Roman legions under 
Varus at the hands of the Germans 
under Arminius (Hermann). 

Ghalons, A.D. 451. The Huns, 
under Attila, called the "Scourge of 
God," defeated by the confederate 
armies of Romans and Visigoths. 

Tours, A.D. 732. The Saracens 
defeated by Charles Martel and Chris- 
tendom rescued from Islam. 

Hastings, A.D. 1066. Harold, 
commanding the English army, de- 
feated by William the Conqueror, and 
a new regime established in England 
by the Normans. 

Siege of Orleans, A.D. 1429. 
The English defeated by the French 
under Joan of Arc. 



Defeat of the Spanish Arma- i 

da, A.D. 1588. England saved Jrom ^ 
Spanish invasion. 

Lutzen, A.D. 1632. Decide^] the 
religious liberties of Germany, Gus- 
tavus Adolphus killed. 

Blenheim, A.D. 1704. The French 
and Bavarians, under Marshal Tallard, 
defeated by the English and their 
allies, under Marlborough. 

Pultowa, A.D. 1709. Charles 
XII., of Sweden, defeated by the Rus- 
sians under Peter the Great. 

Saratoga, A.D. 1777. Critical bat- 
tle of the American War of Indepen- 
dence. The English defeated by the 
Americans under Gen. Gates. 

Valmy, A.D. 1792. An invadinj: 
army of Prussians, Austrians, and 
Hessians, under the Duke of Bruns- 
wick, defeated by the French under 
Kellermann. The first success of the 
Republic against foreigners. 

Trafalgar. On the 21st of Octo- 
ber A. D. 1805, the great naval battle 
of Trafalgar was fought. The Eng- 
lish defeated the French and destroyed 
Napoleon's hopes to successfully in- 
vade England. 

Waterloo, A.D. 1815. The French 
under Napoleon, defeated by the allied 
armies of, Russia, Austria, Prussia 
and England, under Wellington. 

Siege of Sehastopol, A.D. 1854-5. 
The Russians succumbed to the be- 
leaguering armies of England, France 
and Turkey, and the result was delay 
in expansion of the Russian Empire. 

Gettysburg, July, A.D. 1863. The 
deciding battle of the war for the 
Union. Confederates under Gen. Lee 
defeated by Union forces under Meade. 

Sedan, A.D. 1870. The decisive 
battle of the Franco-German War. 



948 



A Dictionary of Commerqal and 
Legal Terms. 



A* Capital A endorsed on the face of 
an account or document may mean 
Audited, Accepted, or Approved. 
Small a, written @, means at, as, 
10 yds. @ 14 cts. 

A. 1. Of first quality. Used tech- 
nically in shipping, but applied to 
other matters. The mark originated 
with the English Lloyds, who rate 
vessels Al, A2, and so down. In 
the American system the registry 
descends from A by fractions, Al, 
AI14, AlVa, A13^, A2. 

Abandonment. In marine insur- 
ance, the abandonment of property 
insured to the insurers. 

Abatement. Amount deducted from 
a bill for any cause ; a discount ; 
removal of a nuisance. 

Abator. One who removes a nui- 
sance. 

Abeyance. Held in suspense, as an 
unsettled estate. 

Abstract. Abridgment or epitome of 
a deed or other document. 

Acceptance. Agreement by the 
drawee of negotiable paper to pay 
the same. Agreement to terms of- 
fered. 

Acceptance supra Protest. Agree- 
ment to pay a note or bill after it 
has been protested, for the honor of 
tlie maker or an indorser. 

Acceptor. He who by his signature 
makes acceptance. 

Accession. Acquiring property at- 
tached as an incident. 

Accessory. One who instigates, en- 
courages or aids in the offense of 
another. 

Accommodation Paper. Notes or 
bills not representing an actual sale 
or trade transaction, but merely 
drawn to be discounted for the ben- 
efit of drawer, acceptor or indorsers, 
or all combined. 



Accord and Satisfaction. Offer 
and acceptance of one thing in place 
of another due. 

Account. A statement of sums and 
amounts due from one person to an- 
other and their offsets, arising from 
mutual transactions. Summary of 
debits and credits. 

Accountant. An expert in examin- 
ing books. 

Account Current. A running ac- 
count for a certain period, showing 
what is due at the present time. 

Account Sales. The account of a 
broker or commission agent, showing 
amount and rate of sales, expenses 
of freight, commission, etc., and net 
amount due the principal. 

Accretion. Gradual increase of land 
through natural causes. 

Accroach. To attempt to use power 
without authority. 

Accrue. To increase, to be due as 
profits. 

Acknowledgment. A receipt. In 
law, admission of facts. 

Acquittance. A written receipt in 
full, or discharge from all claims. 

Act. A formal writing expressing 
what has been done, as, an act of 
Congress, an act of bankruptcy. 

Actionaire. [Fr.] The holder of 
shares in a stock company. 

Actuary. Officer of a life insurance 
company ; expert in vital statistics 
and annuities. 

Act of God. A cause of injury not 
to be prevented by human means. 

Adjustment. Settlement of claims 
in marine or fire insurance. Deter- 
mining amount of loss and liability. 
In accounts, the settling of a dis- 
puted account. 

Admiralty Court. A court having 
jurisdiction in maritime matters. 

Ad Valorem. [Lat.] According tc 
the value. 



Commercial and I^egal Terms 



Ad Valorem Duties. Duties levied 
on goods according to value ; not by 
quantity, weight or measure. Op- 
posed to Specific Duties. 

Administer. To settle an estate as 
administrator or executor. 

Administrator. One who has charge 
of the estate of a man dying with- 
out a will, or appointed in place of 
an executor. 

Advance. Increase in value. 

Advances. Money paid before goods 
are delivered to buyer, or sold by 
broker. 

Adventure. Shipment of goods on 
shipper's own account. Merchants 
keep a debit and credit account with 
each enterprise, as, Adventure to 
Rio Janeiro. 

Adventure, Bill of. Writing signed 
by master of ship which carries 
goods at the owner's risk. 

Adventure in Co. Shipment of 
goods at joint risk of shipper and 
consignee. 

Adverse Possession. Possession of 
real property avowedly contrary to 
the claim of another person. 

Advice. Mercantile information sent 
by letter, called Letter of Advice. 

Affiant. One who makes an affidavit. 

Affidavit. Declaration under oath. 

Affiliation. Establishment of pater- 
nity. 

Affinity. Connection resulting from 
marriage. 

Aifreightment. The act of hiring a 
ship for transjDortation of goods. 

Agent. One wlio acts for another. 

Aggravation. In law, something 
enhancing crime or increasing dam- 
ages. 

Agio. [Ital.] Difference in value be- 
tween bank notes and gold, or be- 
tween one kind of paper money and 
another. 

Agiotage. Speculation on fluctua- 
tion of public securities. 

Agrarian. Relating to land. 

Agreement. A contract. Literally, 
the meeting of minds. 

Alias. [Lat.] A second or assumed 
name. 

Alien. One of foreign birth and alle- 
giance. 

Alimony. In divorce law, provision 
for support of a wife. 

Allegation. Rule for obtaining the 
nroDortion of ingredients in making 



mixtures, and the value of such mix- 
tures. 

Alliquot Part. A number contained 
within a larger number an exact 
number of times. 

Allonge. [Fr.] A paper pasted on 
a note or bill of exchange to allow 
more indorsements than the bill has 
room for. 

Allegiance. Obedience and support 
due to the government. 

Allotment Ticket. Order for pay- 
ment of wages to seaman's family at 
stated intervals during the voyage. 

Allow. To yield to another's profit ; 
to concede ; to discount. 

Allo"wance. Deduction from gross 
weight or amount. Sailor's rations. 

Alloy. [Fr., a la loi.] Baser metal 
introduced in coinage ; the union of 
different metals. Neither of the 
precious metals is used in absolute 
purity in coinage. Gold is alloyed 
with silver or copper ; silver, with 
nickel, brass, or copper. The pro- 
portion of alloy differs in different 
countries. 

Alluvion. Gradual increase of the 
shore of a stream. 

Amotion. A turning away or re- 
moval. 

Amount Gross. The total sum or 
aggregate. 

Amount Net. Total sum less proper 
deduction for expenses, discount, or 
charges. 

Ancestor. In law, embraces collat- 
erals as well as lineals. 

Anchorage. A spot near shore where 
ships are in safety. Holding ground. 

Ancient Writings. Deeds thirty 
years old may be admitted to evi- 
dence without proof. 

Anker. A foreign measure of about 
ten gallons. 

Annex. To take permanently, as to 
annex territory ; fixtures are an- 
nexed to the freehold. 

Annuity. A sum paid yearly or at 
stated intervals 

Answer. To be responsible for ; to 
reply. , 

Antedate. To date beforehand. 

Application. In insurance, the first 
step in obtaining a policy. 

Appellate Jurisdiction. Courts 
having power to review decisions of 
lower courts. 

Apply. To dispose of in a particular 



yso 



Coxumercial and Xiegal Terms 



manner, as, to apply funds in pay- 
ment of a note. 

Appraisement. Ascertaining the 
value of goods or property. 

Appraiser. He who appraises. In 
particular, an officer of government 
vv^ho ascertains the value of dutiable 
goods. 

Appreciate. To rise in value. 

Apprentice. A minor bound out to 
learn a trade. 

Apprize. Another form of appraise. 

Appropriation. Setting apart for a 
specific purpose. Government grant 
of money. 

Appurtenance. Something inciden- 
tal to another. 

Arbitration. Settlement of disputed 
claims or accounts by arbitrators. 

Arbitrators. Disinterested parties 
called in to settle disputes. 

Arbitration of Exchanges. Com- 
parison of currency of intermediate 
places, to discover whether it is more 
profitable to forward money directly 
or indirectly. 

Archives. State papers, records, 
charters, and other important docu- 
ments. 

Article. A single piece of goods ; a 
division of a document or contract. 

Arson. The malicious burning of an- 
other's house. 

Articles of Partnership. The con- 
tract between the parties. 

Articles of War. ^ Rules for the 
government of army and navy. 

Assay. To test the purity of precious 
metals. 

Assess. To levy a tax or share of 
expenses. 

Assets. Funds of an individual, firm, 
or corporation ; resources ; opposed 
to liabilities. 

Assignats. Paper money of France 
after the revolution, never redeemed. 

Assignee. A person to whom an as- 
signment is made ; trustee for the 
creditors of a bankrupt estate. 

Assignment. Conditional transfer 
of property for safe keeping, or ad- 
justment. 

Assignor. One who transfers his 
property to assignees for the benefit 
of creditors or for other reasons. 

Assizes. [Eng.] A criminal court 
for jury trials held from place to 
place. 



Association. A body of men ; a 
stock comnany ; a society. 

Assortment. A quantity of goods 
varying in form, color, style, size, or 
price. 

Assumpsit. An action to recover 
damages for breach of contract. 

Assurance. Nearly synonymous with 
insuT'ance ; an agreement to pay on 
a contingency sure to occur. 

Attachment. A seizure of property 
or person by order of the court, to 
be held until the cause is decided. 

Attest. To witness by signature a 
document or judicial* act. 

Attorney. An agent ; an officer of 
the court ; a counselor. 

Attorney, Power of. Written au- 
thority for one person to act for 
another. 

Attorney General. The chief law 
officer of the government. 

Attorn. To agree to become tenant 
to one to whom reversion has been 
granted. 

Auction. Public sale to highest bid- 
der. 

Auctioneer. A person licensed tc 
sell by auction. 

Audit. To scrutinize accounts and' 
vouchers. 

Auditor. One authorized to examine 
accounts ; an officer of the United 
States Treasury. 

Aver. To assert formally. 

Average, The mean value ; medium, 
quality i sl fair sample. 

Average, Generalo In marine in- 
surance, a proportionate contribu- 
tion levied on ship and goods to 
cover necessary sacrifice of a part. 

Average, Particular. Partial dam- 
age of ship alone, or of cargo alone, 
arising from ordinary wear and tear 
or mishaps. 

Average, Petty. Small charges, 
such as pilotage, port charges, and 
the like, borne in part by ship and 
part by cargo. 

Average of Payments. Method of 
finding the time when payment may 
be made of several sums due at dif- 
ferent dates without loss to either 
party. 

Avoid. In law, to nullify. 

Avulsion. Lands torn by the cur- 
rent from one estate and added tx? 
another. 



?ihl 



Doxnmercial and Legal Terms 



Bail. A surety for appearance ; the 
amount pledged. 

Bailments. In law of contracts, de- 
livery of goods for some purpose. 

Balance. Difference necessary to 
make dehit and credit sides of an ac- 
count equal ; weighing scales. 

Balance Account. An account made 
up of balances of different accounts ; 
a brief summary of the state of a 
business. 

Balance Sheet. A paper giving a 
summary and -balance of accounts. 

Balance of Trade. Difference in 
value between total exports and im- 
ports of a country. 

Ballast. Weight used to steady a 
ship ; in balance, loaded with ballast 
instead of cargo. 

Bale. A package of goods or produce. 

Banco. Difference between bank 
value and current value of money. 

Bank. An institution for deposit, 
discount, and circulation. 

Bankable. Capable of passing at 
par at a bank. 

Bankbook. Passbook of a bank, 
showing state of depositor's account. 

Bank Hours. Usually from 9 or 10 
A. M. to 3 P. M. 

Banker. A dealer in money ; one 
entrusted with funds by others. 

Bankrupt. One unable to meet his 
business liabilities ; the word liter- 
ally means troken up. 

Bank Stock. Shares in a banking 
company ; paid up capital of a bank 
divided into shares. 

Bar. A final defense; profession of 
law. 

Bargain. An agreement of sale; an 
advantageous commercial transac- 
tion. 

Barque or Bark. A three-masted 
vessel, rigged square as to fore and 
main masts, and "fore and aft" as 
to mizzen mast. 

Barratry. In shipping, any wilful 
breach of duty or trust by master or 
crew, as against owners or insur- 
ers ; in common law, malicious stir- 
ring up of litigation. 

Barrel. A measure of capacity, con- 
taining 311/4 gallons, wine measure ; 
36 gallons, beer measure ; 32 gallons, 
ale measure. 

Barrel Bulk. In freight meas,ure- 
ment, 5 cubic feet. 



Barrister. English name for a law 
yer who practices in the courts. 

Barter. To exchange one kind of 
goods for another. 

Base Court. An inferior court, not 
one of record. 

Bazaar. [Turk.] Place of trade; 
specially applied to shops for sale of 
fancy articles. 

Beacon. General word for light' 
house or light-ship. 

Bear. In Stock Exchange slang, one 
who strives to depress the price of 
stocks. 

Bearer. He who holds and presents 
for payment a note, bill, check, or 
draft. 

Bearer, Payable to. Negotiable 
paper so drawn need not be indorsed. 

Benck Warrant. One issued by a 
superior court judge. 

Bill. A statement of accounts due ; 
general term for all negotiable paper. 

Bill Book. In bookkeeping, the ac- 
count kept of all notes, drafts and 
bills of exchange. 

Billhead. A printed form of bills, 
with business address at the top. 

Bill of Discovery. Application to 
equity court to compel disclosure of 
facts. 

Bill of Entry. A bill of goods en- 
tered at the custom-house. 

Bill of Exceptions. A written list 
of exceptions to a court's decisions. 

Bill of Exchange. A written order 
from one person to another, ordering 
or requesting him to pay a certain 
sum of money to a third person at 
a given date. 

Bill, Domestic or Inland. A bill 
of exchange payable in the country 
where drawn. 

Bill, Foreign. A bill of exchange 
payable in a foreign country ; usu- 
ally drawn in duplicate or triplicate. 

Bill of Lading. A receipt given by 
a ship's master for goods received 
for carriage, promising to deliver 
the same at a certain time and place, 
dangers of the sea excepted : four 
copies are usually made, one for 
master, one for shipper, one to be 
sent in ship to consignee, the fourth 
sent by some other ship. 

Bill of Parcels. Sometimes used 
for invoice. 

Bill of Particularso Specification 



952 



Commercial autd Legal Terms 



of demands for which an action is 
brought. 

Bill of Sale. A contract under seal 
for the sale of goods. 

Bill o£ Siglit. A form of Custom- 
House entry, allowing consignee to 
see goods before paying duty. 

Bills Payable. Notes and bills is- 
sued in favor of other parties by a 
merchant. 

Bills Receivalile. Notes and bills 
made by others and payable to our- 
selves. 

Blank Credit. Permission to draw 
money on account, no sum being 
specified. 

Bona Fide. [Lat.] In good faith. 

Blackmail. Extortion of money by 
threats. 

Blockading. Obstructing an ene- 
my's ports. 

Board of Trade. About equivalent 
to CJiamher of Commerce or Mer- 
chants' Exchange ; an association of 
business men to regulate matters of 
trade and further their interests, and 
for the settlement of differences be- 
tween its members. 

Bond. A legal document by which a 
person binds himself to pay money 
or do something under penalty of 
paying a sum fixed. 

Bond Creditor. A creditor whose 
debt is secured by a bond. 

Bond Debt. A debt contracted un- 
der obligation of a bond. 

Bonded Goods. Goods on which 
bonds instead of cash have been 
given for import duties. 

Bonded Warehouse. Buildings 
owned by persons approved of by 
the Secretary of the Treasury, and 
who have given bonds or guarantee 
for the strict observance of the rev- 
enue laws ; used for storing imported 
merchandise until the duties are paid 
or the goods re-shipped without 
entry. 

Bondsman. One who gives security 
for the payment of money, perform- 
ance of an act, or integrity of an- 
other. 

Bonns< Additional money paid be- 
yond interest ; extra profits. 

Book Debts. Accounts charged on 
the books. 

Bookkeeper. One who keeps mer- 
cantile accounts. 

Bookkeeping, Single Entry. That 



system of bookeeping which requires 
only one entry for a single transac- 
tion. 

Bookkeeping, Double Entry. The 
system of bookkeeping which re- 
quires for every transaction two en- 
tries, one on the debit and one on 
the credit side. 

Borougk. An incorporated town or 
village. 

Bottomry Bond. The mortgage of 
a vessel for sums advanced for the 
use of the ship. 

Bougkt and Sold Notes. Notes 
given by a broker to the seller and 
buyer respectively. 

Bounty. A bonus or premium given 
to encourage trade. 

Brand. Literally a mark of desig- 
nation made by a hot iron ; any 
trade-mark, device, or name : the 
particular quality of a class of 
goods. 

Breach of Trust. Violation of his 
duty by a trustee. 

Breadstuffs. Any kind of grain, 
corn, or meal. 

Breakage. Allowance made by a 
shipper for loss by the destruction 
of fragile wares. 

Breaking in. Such violence as is 
necessary to constitute burglary. 

Breaking Bulk. Opening packages 
of goods in transit. 

Brief. A concise summary or state- 
ment of a case. 

Broker. An agent or factor ; a mid- 
dleman paid by commission ; the 
most common are Bill, Exchange, 
Insurance, Produce, Ship, and Stock 
Brokers. 

Bull. Stock Exchange slang for a 
broker or dealer who believes that 
the value of stocks will rise and 
speculates for a rise, "goes long" on 
a stock. 

Bullion. Uncoined gold or silver. 

Burden of Proof. Obligation of a 
party asserting a fact to prove it. 

Burglary. At common law, break- 
ing into a house in the night time 
with felonious intent. 

Bushel. A cylindrical measure, 18% 
inches in diameter and 8 inches deep 
inside ; its capacity is 2,150 42-100 
cubic inches. 

By-Lavir. Local or restricted munic 
ipal regulations. 



953 



Commercial and Legal TeTm.s 



Cabinet. Advisory council of a sov- 
ereign or president. 

Calculate. To determine by reckon- 
ing ; to adjust by comparison. 

Call. Demand for payment of instal- 
ments due on stock. 

Call. In Stock Exchange slang, a 
privilege given to another to "call" 
for delivery of stock at a time and 
price fixed. 

Cancel. To annul or erase; often 
done by stamp or punch. 

Canon. A precept of ecclesiastical 
law. 

Capias. Writ commanding sheriff to 
take defendant or a witness into 
custody. 

Capital. Money invested in busi- 
ness ; amount of assets. 

Capitalist. One having money to 
invest ; a wealthy man. 

Capital 0£^ense. One punishable by 
death. 

Capital Stock. The aggregate 
amount invested in a stock com- 
pany ; total value of stock at par. 

Capitation. Tax levied by polls. 

Carat. A measure of weight for gold 
and precious stones. 

Cargo. Merchandise laden on a ship 
for transportation. 

Carrier. One who carries goods for 
another. 

Cartage. The amount due for cart- 
ing goods. 

Carte Blanclie. [Fr.] Literally 
white paper ; free or full powers. 

Case. A box for holding goods or 
merchandise ; at law, an action or 
suit. 

Case, Action on tlie. A common 
law form of action. 

Cash. Ready money; gold, silver, 
bank-notes ; checks and drafts are 
usually included. 

Casli-Book. A book of entry for 
money paid in and out. 

Cashier. One who has charge of 
money ; a bank officer. 

Cassation. [Fr.] Act of annulling; 
reversal. 

Cash Sales. Sales for cash. 

Caveat. _ Formal notice not to inter- 
fere with one's rights. 

iCertificate. A written voucher, as, 
a certificate of deposit, a stock- 
certificate. 



Certified Check. One accepted by 
the bank on which it is drawn as 

good. . 

Chamher of Commerce. An asso- 
ciation of merchants for the encour- 
agement of trade. 

Charter. A grant by a State em- 
powering a corporated association 
to do business. 

Charter-Party. A written contract 
for the hire of a vessel for a given 
voyage. 

Check. An order on a bank for pay- 
ment of money on demand to bearer 
or the order of some person. 

Check-Book. A printed book of 
blank checks. 

Check-Clerk. One who examines 
accounts of other clerks ; a bank 
clerk who enters up checks. 

Choses in Action. Personal prop- 
erty for which the right of action 
exists but which has not been re- 
duced to possession. 

Circular. A printed letter of adver- 
tisement. 

Circular Note. A note or bill issued 
by bankers for the accommodation 
of travelers, calling upon correspon- 
dents at different places to pay 
money on demand. 

Clearance. A Custom House certifi- 
cate that a ship is free to leave. 

Clearing. 1. Entering a ship at the 
Custom House and obtaining clear- 
ance. 2. In banking, exchange of 
checks and settling balances at the 
Clearing House. 

Clearing House. A banking ex- 
change for daily settlements. 

C. O. D. Collect on delivery ; method 
of payment for goods sent by ex- 
press. 

Collateral. In law of descent, that 
which is not lineal ; a grandson is of 
lineal, a nephew of collateral de- 
scent. 

Collateral Security. A secondary 
security to be available if the chief 
security fail. 

Collector. One authorizel to receive 
money for another ; chief officer of 
a Custom House. 

Conxmerce. Extended trade or traffic. 

Commission. An agent's percentage 
for transacting business. 

Commission Broker, One who 
buys or sells on commission. 

Commissioner of Deeds* An at- 



954 



Commercial and Hegal Terms 



torney or notary authorized to take 
acknowledgment of deeds in a for- 
eign State. 

C/ommon Carrier, A public con- 
veyer of .goods or passengers. 

Common Law. Unwritten law, as 
distinguished from written or stat- 
ute law. 

Company. An association in busi- 
ness ; a joint stock concern. 

Compound Interest. Interest on 
both principal and interest. 

Composition. A payment by a 
debtor of a percentage of his debts 
as settlement in full. 

Consideration. Value received ; a 
bonus. 

Consignee. One to whom goods are 
sent. 

Consignment. Goods sent to an 
agent to be sold. 

Consols. Government securities of 
England, paying three per cent. 

Consul. A representative of one 
country in a port of another to pro- 
tect trade interests and the rights 
of seamen and other citizens. 

Consulage. Duty paid by merchants 
for protection of commerce abroad. 

Contraband. Prohibited goods or 
merchandise ; smuggled goods. 

Contraband of War. Goods which 
neutral ships are forbidden to carry 
to belligerents; as munitions or 
arms. 

Contract. An agreement ; a bargain. 

Contractor. One who engages to do 
certain work or furnish goods at 
fiy»d rates ; a public supply agent. 

Conveyance. A written instrument 
by which property is transferred ; a 
deed. 

Cooperage. Charge for putting hoops 
on casks or barrels. 

Copying-Press. An instrument for 
taking impressions from damp paper. 

Corner. In stock and grain broker's 
slang, the buying up of a large 
quantity of stock or grain to raise 
the price. 

Corporation. A body of business 
men authorized by law to transact 
certain business. 

Counter-Entry. An entry in a con- 
trary sense. 

Counting Room. A merchant's 
business office. 

Coupon. [Fr.] A certificate of in- 



terest attached to bonds or stock, to 
be cut off when due. 

Court of Equity. One having a 
chancery or equity jurisdiction ; not 
limited by the common law. 

Cr. Abbreviation for Credit; the Cr, 
side of an account is on the right 
hand. 

Credit. In bookkeeping, value re- 
ceived or transferred from the 
party ; opposite of dehit; financial 
standing ; power to obtain loans. 

Creditor, One to whom money or 
value is due. 

Credit Mobilier, An association 
intending to buy up and conduct 
railroads or other companies on lim- 
ited liability principles ; in this coun- 
try the most noted was the Credit 
Mobilier Company of the Pacific 
Railroad. 

Curbstone Broker, A broker not 
a member of the regular Stock Ex- 
change. 

Currency, The circulating medium 
of a country. 

Current, Passing freely; now run- 
ning, as, current accounts. 

Customs. Taxes on goods exported 
or imported. 

Custom House, A place appointed 
to receive customs. 

Custom House Entry, A statement 
made and fees paid in clearing a 
ship. 

Customary Xia-w, Practices which 
have become law through the long 
usage of the mercantile world,. 



Damages. Compensation for injury 
received. 

Date, Day of the month and year. 

Day-Book, A book for recording 
daily transactions. 

Days of Grace. Three days allowed 
for payment of notes or bills after 
the time specified has elapsed. In 
some other countries more than 
three are allowed. 

Debase. To lessen in value; as, a 
debased coinage. 

Debenture. A Custom House cer- 
tificate entitling an exporter to a 
drawback on duties paid. 

Debit. To make debtor ; opposite of 
credit ; a charge entered. 

Debtor. One who owes; opposite of 
creditor. 



955 



Coxumercial and Legal Terms 



Decimal. A tenth part ; by tenths. 

Declined. Decreased in value. 

Deed. A sealed legal instrument, 
transferring property, usually land. 

Default. Failure to pay. 

Defendant, in law, the one against 
whom a claim or charge is made. 

Deficit. A lack of funds to balance 
accounts. 

Del Credere. [Ital.] Extra com- 
mission given an agent in consider- 
ation of his warranting the solvency 
of the purchaser. 

Demand. Claim for payment. 

Demnrrage, Forfeit money for de- 
tention of vessels beyond the time 
allowed by a charter-party. 

Deposit. Money left with a bank 
subject to order ; payment on ac- 
count. 

Depot. A place of storage or ware- 
house ; improperly used of a ^rail- 
way station. 

Derelict. Ship or cargo abandoned 
at sea. 

Deterioration. Lessening in value. 

Deviation. The departure of a ship 
from her regular course to stop at 
other ports. 

Directors. The managers of a stock 
company. 

Discliarge. To pay a debt ; to un- 
load a ship. 

Discount. A sum thrown off the 
amount of a note or bill ; a deduc- 
tion ; to discount is to lend money 
on bills after deducting the interest. 

Discount Broker. One who lends 
money on notes or bills. 

Dissolution. Breaking up of a 
partnership. 

Dividend. Payment of the profits of 
a joint stock concern, pro rata, pro- 
portional payment to creditors out 
of a bankrupt estate. 

Dockage ©r Dock Dues. Charges 
for the use of a dock. 

Docket. A ticket or mark on goods 
showing measurement or destina- 
tion ; a list of cases before a court. 

Donee. One to whom something is 
given. 

Draft. An order to pay money; a 
rough copy of a writing ; a deduc- 
tion from gross weight of goods ; 
number of feet which a ship sinks 
in the water. 

Draw. To make a draft; to call for 
funds. 



Drawback. An allowance or return 
of duties paid at the Custom House. 

Drawer. The maker of a draft or 
bill of exchange. 

Drawee. The one on whom a draft 
or bill is drawn. 

Drayage. Charges on goods hauled 
by a dray ; cartage. 

Drummer. One who solicits custom 
for a merchant by showing samples. 

Dry Goods. Commercial name for 
textile fabrics. 

Due. Owing ; that which is owed. 

Due Bill. A written acknowledg- 
ment of debt, not negotiable. 

Dun. To demand payment. 

Dunnage. Loose articles of a cargo ; 
loose material laid on the fcottom 
of the ship's hold to raise goods 
and prevent injury by water. 

Duplicate. A copy ; a second article 
of the same kind. 

Duress. Confinement ; restraint ; com- 
pulsion. 

Duties. Taxes levied by a govern- 
ment on exports or imports. 



Eagle. A gold coin of the United 
States, value ten dollars. 

E, E. Abbreviation for errors ex- 
cepted. 

Effects. Property ; goods on hand ; 
the possessions of a firm. 

Ejectment. Dispossession of houses 
or land ; forcing out. 

Ell. A measure of length, 1 yard, 9 
inches. 

Embargo. Order of a government 
forbidding ships to leave its ports. 

Embark. To enter a ship for a voy- 
age ; to engage in any enterprise. 

Emporium. A commercial city; a 
place of trade. . 

Endorse. To transfer notes, bills, or 
checks by writing one's name on the 
back ; to guarantee payment. 

Endorsee. He in whose favor en- 
dorsement is made. 

Endorser. One who endorses. 

Engrosser. One who takes the 
whole of a line of goods ; a fore- 
staller ; one who "corners the mar- 
ket" on commodities ; an ornamental 
penman. 

Engrossing Clerk. A copyist; a 
copying clerk. 

Entrepot. A place where goods are 
deposited without paying duty, to 



9.56 



Commercial and Ijegal Terms 



await transportation ^elsewhere; a 
free port. 

Entry. In bookkeeping, any record 
made ; depositing a ship's papers 
with the "Custom House. 

Equity. A branch of jurisprudence 
distinct from the common law. 

Equity of Redemption. Privilege 
allowed to a mortgagor to redeem 
property within a given time. 

Estoppel. Preclusion of a person 
from asserting a fact or doing an 
act inconsistent with previous acts 
or declarations. 

Examiner. A Custom House officer 
who compares goods with invoices. 

Exchange. Place where merchants 
meet to transact business ; percent- 
age on sale of bills ; difference of 
value between different currencies. 

Exchange Broker. One who nego- 
tiates foreign bills of exchange. 

Exchequer. A treasury ; summary 
of finances. 

Excise. Internal revenue tax. 

Executed. Finished ; accomplished 
in legal form. 

Executor. One appointed to carry 
out the provisions of a will. 

Executory. To be performed in the 
future. 

Executrix. Feminine form of exec- 
iitor. 

Exhibit. Voucher or document pre- 
sented in court ; transcript of ledger 
balances. 

Export. To send goods to a foreign 
country. 

Export Duty. Tax imposed on ex- 
ports. 

Exporter. One who exports. 

Exports. The goods or merchandise 
exported. 

Express. To transmit with celerity. 

Express Company. A corporation 
engaged in the business of trans- 
porting goods and money from one 
place to another more quickly than 
can be done by sending as ordinary 
freight. 

Extension. Allowance of time for 
payment to a debtor ; carrying out 
items of a bill or account. 

E. & O. E. "Errors and Omissions 
Excepted." 



Face. The amount for which a note 
is drawn. 



Fac Simile. [Lat.] An exact 
copy; a counterpart. 

Factor. An agent appointed to sell 
goods on commission ; a consignee. 

Factorage. Commissions allowed to 
factors. 

Facture. An invoice or bill of goods. 

Failure. Becoming bankrupt ; sus- 
pension of payment. 

Fair. Of average quality ; above mid- 
dling. 

Fall. Decrease in price or value. 

False Pretenses. Misstatements 
made with intent to defraud. 

Fancy Goods. Light fabrics, rib- 
bons, laces, etc. 

Fare. Charge for passage. 

Farthing. An English copper coin 
worth half a cent ; an insignificant 
value. 

Fee. Payment ; charge of a pro- 
fessional man ; a gratuity. 

Fee- Simple. In real estate, an abso- 
lute title ; one with no conditions 
attached. 

Finance. Funds; public money; 
revenue. 

Financier. One skilled in money 
matters. 

Fire Insurance. Indemnity against 
loss by fire. 

Fire Policy. The writing by which 
insurers agree to pay fire insurance. 

Firm. Name, style or title of a busi 
ness concern ; the partners taken 
collectively. 

Five-Forties. United States Bonds, 
issued during the war, redeemable 
any time after five years, payable 
at not more than forty years after 
date, bearing 6 per cent, interest. 

Five-Twenties. United States 
Bonds, redeemable any time after 
five years, payable twenty years 
from date, bearing 6 per cent, in- 
terest. 

Fixtures. Anything of an accessory 
nature annexed to real estate ; that 
which forms a part of realty. 

Flat. Inactive ; depressed ; dull ; flat 
value of stock and bonds is the value 
without interest. 

Flotsam. Goods thrown into the sea 
which swim. 

F. O. B. "Free on board;" trans- 
portation and shipping expenses in- 
cluded. 

Footing. Amount of a column .o! 
figures. 



957 



Coxnmercial and Legal Terms 



Forced Sale, Sale of commodity- 
under compulsion or foreclosure. 

JForeclose. To seize property under 
the conditions of a mortgage. 

Foreign Bill. A bill of exchange 
drawn in one country upon a citizen 
of another. 

Forestall. To buy up goods before 
the regular time of sale; to bring 
about an increase in the price of 
provisions. 

Forwarder. A merchant or agent 
who transmits or forwards goods. 

Fractional Currency. United 
States paper money for sums less 
than a dollar. 

Franc. French unit of coinage ; 100 
centimes; value, 18 3-5 cents. 

Franking. Privilege of sending let- 
ters free of charge. 

Fraud. In law, any wrongful arti- 
fice, device or concealment by which 
pecuniary damage is done to an- 
other. 

Free Goods. Goods admitted with- 
out an import tax. 

Free Port. A port where ships may 
load and unload free from duties. 

Free Trade. Trade not restricted by 
tariff duties for "protection," 

Freight. Sums paid for transporta- 
tion of merchandise or hire of a 
ship ; less properly, the goods car- 
ried. 

Funded. Made into a permanent 
loan on which interest is paid. 

Funds. Ready money ; shares in a 
national debt ; public securities. , 



Garbles. Dust, filth or soil removed 
from spices, drugs, etc. ; to garble 
is to separate this refuse. 

Garnislinient. Legal notice attach- 
ing goods or money of one person 
in the hands of another. 

G-^rnishee. The person on whom is 
served a writ of garnishment or 
"trustee process," ordering him to 
appear in court and give informa- 
tion in regard to the goods of an- 
other, the original debtor, in his 
hands. 

Gauge. To measure the contents of 
a, cask ; measure or standard. 

General Order Store. A bonded 
warehouse to which merchandise not 
claimed within a certain time is 
sent under a "General Order." 



Goods. Merchandise; movable prop- 
erty. 

Good Will, The interest of an es- 
tablished business in the way of 
trade and custom. 

Grain. Collective name for all cereals. 

Great Gross. Twelve gross ; i. e., 
1,728 articles. 

Gross. Twelve dozen ; total amount ; 
opposed to net. 

Gross Ton. Twenty-two hundred 
and forty pounds. 

Guarantee. The one to whom se- 
curity is given or guaranty made. 

Guarantor, One making a guar- 
anty. 

Guaranty. Security; an undertak- 
ing that one person will pay money 
to another or fulfil a contract. 

Gunny-Bags. Sacks of coarse ma- 
terial used for coffee. 



Hand. Measure of animals' height ; 
about four inches. 

Hand-Money. Money paid to bind 
a bargain. 

Harbor, A place of security for ves- 
sels. 

Harbor-Dues. Charges made for 
use of a harbor. 

Harbor-Master. An officer having 
charge of a harboro 

Hogsbead, A measure of capacity; 
2 barrels, or 63 gallons ; a large 
cask. 

Holder, He in whose possession a 
note or bill may be. 

Hollo-w-Ware. Trade name for 
cast or wrought iron vessels, ket- 
tles, etc. 

Honor. To accept and pay a note, 
draft or bill. 

Husbandage, Compensation paid 
to a "ship's husband" {which see). 

Hypothecate, To pledge as secur- 
ity; to mortgage chattels. 



Immovables, Land, houses, and fix 

tures ; real estate. 
Importer, A merchant who imports 

goods. 
Imports, Goods brought from a 

foreign country. 
Impost, Government tax on im 

ported goods. 
Income. Total amount of receipts 

from all sources ; yearly gains. 

95? 



Commercial and Legal Terms 



IxLcome Tax. A government tax of 
a percentage on the income of indi- 
viduals or corporations. 

Indemnification. Making good a 
loss ; securing one against damages. 

Indemnity. Guarantee against loss ; 
freedom ; compensation for damages 
suffered. 

Index. Names of titles or accounts 
arranged alphabetically. 

Indorse. See Endorse, etc. 

Indulgence. Extension of time for 
payment. 

Inland Bill. A bill of exchange or 
draft drawn upon a person in the 
same State or Country. 

Insolvent. Unable to pay outstand- 
ing liabilities ; bankrupt. 

Instalment. A part payment or 
part delivery of goods. 

Instant. Of the present month, as, 
the 12th inst. 

Insurable Interest. Such an in- 
terest as will entitle a person to 
obtain insurance on the life or prop- 
erty of another. 

Insurance. A contract in which one 
party, the insurer, agrees in con- 
sideration of the premium, to pay 
a certain sum on the death of the 
insured or to indemnify him for 
loss to property by fire or marine 
risks. 

Insurance Broker. One who ne- 
gotiates insurance contracts. 

Interest. Money paid for use of 

■ money ; share in a business or 
venture. 

Interest Account. In bookkeeping, 
a separate account of sums paid and 
received as interest. 

Internal R-evenup. Government 
revenue derived from domestic 
sources. 

Intestate. Not disposed of by a 
valid will ; one who dies without a 
will. 

In Transitu. [Lat.] On the road; 
not brought to an end. 

Inventory. A list of goods and 
merchandise on hand ; any enumera- 
tion of articles ; a schedule. 

Investment. Placing of money in 
business or securities. 

Invoice. Account of merchandise 
shipped, with prices and charges 
annexed. 

Invoice Book. A book for entering 
copies of invoices. 



Involved. Confused ; embarrassed 
by liabilities. 



Jettison. Throwing goods over- 
board or cutting away masts and 
sails to save a vessel. 

Jetsam. Goods thrown into the sea 
which have sunk. 

Jobber. One who buys from im- 
porters or manufacturers and sells 
to retailers ; a middleman. 

Job Lot. Goods Jeft over ; an odd 
assortment. 

Joint Stock. That held in com- 
pany ; stock formed by the union of 
several companies. 

Joint Stock Company. A business 
association, the capital of which is 
represented by shares of stock. 

Joint Tenants. Those who have 
not only unity of possession, but 
also of title and interest, and the 
survivor takes the whole. 

Journal. An account book interme- 
diate between Day-Book and Ledger. 

Judgment. A judicial decree ; de- 
cision of a court. 

Judgment Note. One containing a 
power of attorney from maker to 
payee to confess judgment for the 
maker to the extent of face and 
interest. 

Jurisdiction. Extent of a court's 
authority as to place, sum, or sub- 
ject matter. 



Lame Duck. Stock-brokers' slang 
for one unable to meet his liabilities. 

Land. To discharge cargo ; to dis- 
embark. 

Law, Merchant. Body of law re- 
lating to mercantile customs. 

Law Days. Days allowed in a char- 
ter-party for unloacMng a ship. 

Lay Down. Cost of merchandise, 
including charges and freight to 
place of shipment. 

Lazzaretto. [Ital.] A place in 
Quarantine where goods are fumi- 
gated. 

Leakage. An allowance made for 
waste by leaking of casks. 

Lease. An agreement for letting 
lands or tenements for life, a term 
of years or months, or at will. 

Legal Tender. Currency or coin 
which a government has declared 



959 



Commercial and Legal Terms 



shall be received in payment of 
debts ; a formal proffer , of money 
to pay a debt ; if refused, the credi- 
tor cannot recover. 

Lessee. One to whom a lease is 
given. 

Lessor. One who makes a lease. 

Letter Book. That in which copies 
of letters sent and received are 
made. 

Letter of Advice. One giving no- 
tice of a shipment made, bill drawn, 
or other business ^ transaction. 

Letter of Credit. One authorizing 
credit to a certain amount to be 
given to the bearer. 

Letter ©f License. One by which 
creditors of an insolvent debtor post- 
pone their claims and allow him 
to continue trade. 

Letter of Marqne. Commission 
from a government to a private ship 
to seize and destroy ships and prop- 
erty of a hostile country. 

Letters of Administration. Au- 
thority given to administer an in- 
testate estate, or one in regard to 
which the executor has refused to 
act. 

Letters Patent. A writing executed 
and sealed, granting power and 
authority to do some act, or enjoy 
some right. 

Letters Testamentary. Authority 
to an Executor to act as such, after 
probate of will has been made. 

Liability. That for which one is 
responsible ; debts ; .obligations. 

Lien. A hold or claim on property 
to secure a debt. 

License. Permission to trade or act, 
as liquor license, peddler's license. 

Lighterage. Payment for unloading 
ships by lighters or boats. 

Liquidation. Settlement or adjust- 
ment of liabilities. 

Lloyds\ An old association of Eng- 
lish marine underv/riters (in- 
surers) which formally met at 
Lloyd's coffee house, London. The 
company possesses complete records 
of everything pertain'ng to marine 
matters and has a vast correspond- 
ence. To rate on Lloyd's books as 
Al is accepted as conclusive evidence 
of excellence. 

Lloyds' Register. A yearly regis- 
ter of tonnage, age, build, charac- 



ter, and condition of ships, issued by 
the Lloyds. 

Loan. Money or property furnished 
for temporary use ; a public debt. 

Loan Oifice. An office where loans 
are negotiated. 

Log-Book. A book in which is re- 
corded the daily progress of a ves- 
sel, weather notes, and all incidents. 

Long Price. Price after duties are 
paid. 

Longstoremen. Laborers who load 
and unload vessels. 

M 

Manifest. A list or invoice of a 
ship's cargo and passengers to be 
exhibited at Custom Houses. 

Manifold W^riter. A contrivance 
by which several copies may be ob- 
tained at once ; it consists of several 
sheets covered with a preparation 
of plumbago. 

Manufactures. Articles which 
have undergone some process; not 
crude or raw. 

Marine Insurance. Insurance on 
vessels and cargo. 

Mark. A letter, figure, or device, by 
which goods and prices are distin* 
guished ; private marks are usually 
made by selecting a word of ten 
letters and letting each letter stand 
for a digit. 

Market. A public place of sale for 
provisions or other wares. 

Mart. A market ; a place of traffic 

Maturity. Time fixed for payment; 
becoming due. 

Maximum. The highest price or 
sum. 

Measurement Goods. Goods on 
which freight is charged by meas- 
urement. 

Mercantile Agency. A concern 
which procures and furnishes infor- 
mation as to the financial standing 
and credit of business firms. 

Mercantile Paper. Notes or bills 
issued by merchants for goods 
bought or consigned. 

Merchantable. Fit for market ; in 
sornd condition. 

Merchant. One who buys and sells 
foods, generally applied to whole- 
salers or large dealers. 

Merchant Service. Trading ships 
taken collectively ; the management 
of merchant vessels. 



960 



ComxcLercial and Xiegal Terms 



Merger. Absorption of a lesser by 
a greater debt or obligation. 

Metallic Currency. Silver, gold, 
and copper coinage. 

Metric System. A decimal system 
of weights and measures, first estab- 
lished in France ; now in general 
use in Europe and growing into use 
in English-speaking countries. 

Minimum. Lowest price; least 
quantity possible. 

Mint. A place for coining money. 

Misfeasance. The doing of a law- 
ful act in an unlawful manner. 

Mitigation. Reduction of a penalty 
or fine ; that which in part excuses. 

Mixed Fabrics. Those composed of 
more than one kind of fibre, as wool 
and cotton. 

Money. The measure of value and 
medium of exchange ; strictly speak- 
ing, money must have intrinsic 
value to the amount it represents, 
as gold or silver; but bank notes 
and sometimes checks are included. 

Money-Broker. One who deals in 
money. 

Money Market. The general sys- 
tem of cash loans ; the exchange of 
different kinds of currency. 

Money Order. An order requesting 
one person to pay money to an- 
other ; not negotiable ; most com- 
monly used of post-office orders. ^ 

Monopoly. Sole power of dealing 
in certain class of goods. 

Mortgage. A conditional convey- 
ance of property, to become void 
upon fulfillment of the condition, 
as, the payment of a note. 

Mortgage Deed. A deed of the na- 
ture of a mortgage. 

Mortgagee. The person to whom 
property is mortgaged. 

Mortgagor. One who gives a mort- 
gage. 

Movables. Personal property ; prop- 
erty not fixed. 

Muster. A collection of samples. 

N 

National Banks. Banks organized 
under the conditions of an Act of 
Congress ; they can issue bank notes 
only to the amount of United States 
Bonds they have deposited in the 
U. S. Treasury. 

Negotiable Paper. Notes, bills, 
and drafts which may be transferred 



with all their rights by indorsement 
or assignment. 

Negotiation. Agreeing upon a mw- 
cantile transaction ; making a bar- 
gain ; fixing a price. 

Net. The clear amount ; what re- 
mains after deducting charges and 
expenses. 

Net Profits. Clear profit, after de 
ducting losses. 

Net Weiglit. Weight of merchan« 
dise without bag, box, or covering. 

Nominal. In name only ; very small, 
as, a nominal price. 

Non-feasance. The not doing of 
what ought to be done. 

Notary Public. A public officer 
who attests or certifies to acknowl- 
edgment of deeds and other papers, 
protests notes and #ills, etc. 

Notarial Seal. Seal of a notary 
public. 

Note of Hand. A written under- 
taking to pay money at a certain 
time. 

Note iBook. A book in which noteg 
of hand are recorded. 



Obligation. A duty ; a Ijinding en^ 

gagement; bond with condition an* 

nexed. 
On Sale. Goods left with another 

person to sell on account. 
Open Account. A running or un* 

settled account. 
Opening. The display of a new 

stock of ^ goods for sale. 
Open Policy. In marine insurance, 

a policy which covers undefined 

risks. 
Option. Permission to choose ; in 

stock-broking, privilege of taking or 

delivering stock at a given day and 

price. I 

Order. A commission to purchase; 

directions to pay money or deliver 

goods. 
Order Book. That in which orders 

received are entered. 
Ordinary. A ship in harbor is said 

to be in ordinary ; of medium qual- 
ity. 
Outstanding Accounts. B o o ^ 

debts not yet collected. 
Overdra-w. To call for more monej 

than is on deposit. 
Overdue. Applied to a note or draf^ 



961 



CommeTcial and Legal Terms 



the specified time for payment of 
which has passed. 
Overt. Apparent ; manifest ; open. 



Package. A bundle ; a parcel ; a 
bale. 

Panic. A monetary pressure ; finan- 
cial crisis. 

Paper. Negotiable evidence of in- 
debtedness. 

Paper Money. Bills of banks or the 
government passing current as 
money. 

:Parole. [Fr.j Not written, as, 
parole evidence. 

Par Value. The face or nominal 
value. 

Par of Escliange. The value of a 
unit of one country's coinage ex- 
nressed in that of another's. 

Partner. An associate in business; 
member of a partnership. 

Partnership. Contract of two or 
more persons to join money, stock, 
or skill in trade for mutual benefit. 

Fart O-wner. One of several owners 
of a ship ; the relation differs ma- 
terially from partnership. 

Pass Book. A book kept by a cus- 
tomer in which entries of purchases 
are made ; a bank book. 

Passport, A permission from a gov- 
ernment to travel, with identifica- 
tion and certificate of nationality. 

Pawnbroker. One who lends money 
at interest on security of goods de- 
posited. 

Payable. Justly due ; capable of 
payment. 

Payee. The person to whose order a 
note, bill, or draft is to be paid. 

Per Cent. [Lat.] By the hundred ; 
rates of interest, discount, etc. 

Per Centage. [Lat.] An allow- 
ance reckoned by hundredth parts ; 
commission. 

Per Contra. [Lat.] To the oppo- 
site side of an account. 

Permit. Written authority to re- 
move dutiable goods. 

Petty Cash Book. Account of 
small receipts and expenses. 

Policy. The instrument by which 
the contract of insurance is made. 

Port. A harbor for vessels ; a com- 
mercial city. 
Port of Entry. A port where a 



Custom House is established for 
the entry of imports. ^ 

Post-Date. To date after the real 
time. 

Posting. To transfer from day-book 
or journal to the ledger. 

Post Obit. A promise to pay loans 
after the death of some person. 

Power of Attorney. Written au- 
thority from one person to another 
to act for him. 

Preferred Creditor. One whose 
claims a bankrupt debtor elects to 
settle first. 

Premium. A sum beyond par value : 
the amount paid annually in insur- 
ance contracts. 

Price Current. A statement show- 
ing prevailing price of merchandise, 
stock, or securities. 

Price List. A list of articles with 
prices attached. 

Prime. Of high quality ; superior. 

Principal. The sum on which in- 
terest is paid. 

Proceeds. The sum realized by a 
sale. 

Procuration. A general letter or 
power of attorney. 

Produce. Farm products of aU. 
kinds. 

Profit and Loss. An account ia 
which gains and losses are balanced. 

Promissory Note. (See Note.) 

Pro Ratac [Lat.] A proportional 
distribution. 

Protective Tariff. Duty imposed 
on imports to encourage manu- 
factures. 

Protest. Notice to the sureties of 
a note that it was not paid at ma- 
turity or to the drawer of a draft 
that acceptance was refused. 

Purveyor, One who supplies pro- 



Quarantine. Restraint of inter- 
course to which a ship is subjected 
on suspicion of infection ; the place 
of such restraint. 

Quitrent. Rent paid by tenant of a 
freehold, discharging him from 
other rent. 

Quotation. Current Prices of stocks 
or ;^ommodities. 



962 



Commercial and Legal Terms 



Mev'kl Estate. Land, houses and fix- 
tares ; all immovable property. 

Re'kate. Deduction ; abatement ; 
discount ; giving back part of sum 
already paid. 

Receipt. A written acknowledgment 
of payment. 

Receipt Book. .,A book in which 
receipts are filed. 

Receiver. An officer appointed by a 
court to hold in trust property in 
litigation, or to wind up the affairs 
of a bankrupt concern. 

Recoup. To counterbalance losses 
by gains.^ 

Reetiiicatioii. Second distillation 
of alcoholic liquors. 

Register. A ship's paper, issued by 
the Custom House, stating descrip- 
tion, name, tonnage, nationality, and 
ownership. 

Re-insurance. Transfer of part of 
the contract of insurance from one 
insurer to another. 

Remittance. Transfer of funds 
from one party to another. 

Reneival. Giving a new note for 
an old one ; extension of time. 

Rent. Compensation for the use of 
real estate. 

Rente. A French term equivalent 
to government annuity. 

Repository. A warehouse or store- 
house. 

Reprisal. The seizure of ships or 
property to indemnify for unlawful 
seizure or detention. 

Respondentia- Bond. A bond for a 
loan secured by the cargo of a ship. 

Retail. To sell in small quantities. 

Returns. Profit on an investment. 

Revenue. Income of a State; taxes 
received. 

Revenue Cutter. A small govern- 
ment vessel used in collecting taxes 
and preventing smuggling. 

Reverslan. Right to possess prop- 
erty after the happening of some 
event, as the death of a person. 



Sale. Transfer of property for a con- 
sideration. 

Salvage. Compensation given those 
who rescue ship or cargo from loss. 

Salvor. One who voluntarily en- 
gages in saving a ship or cargo from 
peril. 



Sample. A small portion of mer- 
chandise taken as a specimen of 
quality. 

Sans Recours. [Fr.] Without re- 
course ; sometimes added to an in- 
dorsement of a note or bill to protect 
indorser from liability. 

Scrip. Certificate of stock given be- 
fore registration. 

Sea-worthy. Fit for a voyage and 
properly equipped. 

Securities. Documents securing a 
right to property. 

Sell. To make a sale ; to transfer for 
consideration. 

Set-Oi£. A counter claim or cross 
debt arising from a different mat- 
ter from the one in question. 

Sliare. Interest owned by one of a 
number ; unit of the division of 
stock. 

Ship. Technically, a three-masted 
square-rigged vessel ; commonly used 
for any large vessel. 

Shipment. Quantity of goods dis- 
patched. 

Shipper. One who dispatches goods 
by vessel or other conveyance. 

Shipping. Collective term for a 
number of vessels. 

Shipping Articles. Articles of 
agreement between captain and sea- 
men. 

Shipping Clerk. One who oversees 
the forwarding of merchandise. 

Ship's Hushand. One who attends 
to the requisite repairs of a ship 
while in port, and does all the other 
necessary acts preparatory to a voy- 
age. 

Ship's Papers. Papers which a ves- 
sel must carry ; register, sea-letter, 
logbook, bill of health, shipping 
articles, etc. 

Ship's Stores. Provisions, fuel, 
cables, extra spars, etc. 

Short. To "sell short" is to sell for 
future delivery what one has not 
got in hopes that prices will fall. 

Short Exchange. Bills of exchange 
payable at sight or in a few days. 

Shrinkage. Reduction in bulk or 
measurement. 

Sight. The time when a bill is pre= 
sented to the drawee. 

Sight Draft. One payable at sight 
i. e., when presented. 

Signature. The name of a person 
written by himself. 



963 



Comniercial and. Legal Terms 



Silent Partner. One who furnishes 
capital but takes no active part in a 
business. 

Simple Interest. Interest on prin- 
cipal alone ; not compound. 

Sinking Fund. A fund set apart 
from revenue to pay a public or 
corporation debt. 

Smuggling. Introducing goods into 
a country without paying duties. 

Solvent. Abie to meet all liabilities. 

Specialty, A written, sealed, and 
delivered contract. 

Specie. Any kind of coined money. 

Specification. A written descrip- 
tion and enumeration of particulars. 

Speculation. A business investment 
out of the ordinary run of trade. 

Stamp Duty. Law requiring stamps 
to be affixed to checks and proprie- 
tary articles. 

Staple. Principal commodity of a 
country or district. 

Statute Law. Body of laws estab- 
lished by legislative enactment; 
written as opposed to unwritten or 
common law. 

Sterling. Lawful or standard money 
of Great Britain. 

Stock. Shares in the capital of cor- 
porations ; goods on hand. 

Stcck Broker. One who buys and 
sells stock on commission. 

Stock Exckange. Place where 
shares of stock are bought and sold. 

Stock-Holder. One who holds 
shares of stock. 

Stock Jobber. One who speculates 
in stocks. 

Stoppage in Transitu. [Lat.] 
Right of seller to stop goods "on 
their passage" if purchaser has be- 
come insolvent. 

Storage. Sums paid for storing 
goods. 

Storekeeper. OflBcer in charge of 
a bonded warehouse. 

Stowage. Careful arrangement of 
cargo in a ship. 

Subpoena. A writ commanding a 
witness to appear in court. 

Subpoena duces tecum. A sub- 
poena requiring witness to bring 
papers with him. 

Subrogation. Putting one thing in 
place of another ; substituting one 
creditor for another. 

Sundries. Unclassified articles. 

Supercargo. An agent who accom- 



panies cargo to care for and sell it„ 

Surety. One who binds himself to 
pay money in case another person 
fails to pay, to fill a contract, or to 
serve with integrity. 

Surveyor. Agent of an insurance 
company to examine and report on 
applications for marine or fire in- 
surance. 

Suspend. To fail ; to stop payment. 

Suspense Account. An account 
made of doubtful balances to ascer- 
tain probable profit or loss. 

Sutler. One authorized to sell goods 
to an army. 

Suttle Weight. Weight after tare 
is deducted. 



Tale Quale. [Lat.] "Such as ;'» 
used to denote that cargo is pre- 
sumed to correspond with sample^ 
and that buyer takes the risk of 
deterioration. 

Tally. Keeping account by checking 

ofe. 

Tally Man. One who receives pay- 
ment for goods in weekly instal- 
ments. 

Tare. Allowance in weight or quan- 
tity on account of cask, bag, or 
covering. Actual tare: when each 
cask, etc. is weighed. Average tare: 
when one is weighed as a sample. 
Estimated tare: when a fixed per- 
centage is allowed. 

Tariff. Rate or list of duties; price 
list. 

Teller. Officer of a bank who re- 
ceives or pays out money. 

Tenants. Those who lease or rent 
real estate. 

Tenants in Common. Persons 
holding the same property in com- 
mon, i. e., by distinct titles and not 
as joint tenants. 

Tender. Offer to supply money or 
articles. {See Legal Tender.) 

Ten Forties. United States Gov- 
ernment Bonds, which could be re- 
deemed by the government in ten 
years or allowed to run for forty. 

Tenor. Intent, nature, character; 
sometimes an exact copy. 

Textile Fabrics. All woven or 
piece goods. 

Testator. One who has made a will : 
feminine form, testatrix. 



U9A 



Commercial and Legal Terms 



Time Bargain. A contract for the 
future sale of stock. 

Tonnage. The weight a ship will 
carry in tons ; capacity of a vessel. 

Tort. A private or civil injury for 
which damages will lie. 

Trade. Buying and selling ; com- 
merce ; traffic. 

Trade Discount. An allowance 
made to dealers in the same line. 

Trade Mark. Letters, figures, or 
devices used on goods and labels 
which a manufacturer has the sole 
right to use. 

Trade Price. That allowed by 
wholesalers to retailers. 

Trade Sail. An auction by and for 
the trade; especially of booksellers. 

Trades Union. A combination of 
workingmen to protect their own 
interests. 

Traffic. Business done ; especially 
that of a railroad. 

Transhipment. Removing goods 
from one ship or conveyance to an- 
other. 

Transportation. Conveying goods 
from one place to another. 

Transit Duty. Tax imposed on 
goods for passing through a country. 

Traveler. A commercial agent; a 
drummer. 

Treasury Notes. Those issued by 
government and passing current as 
money. 

Treaty. An agreement or compact 
between two or more nations. 

Tret. Allowance for waste of 4 lbs. 
in 104 lbs., after tare has been de- 
ducted. 

Triplicate. To make three copies 
of a paper ; the third copy. 

Trustee Process. Same as Garnish- 
ment ^ which see. 

TT 

Ullage. What a cask lacks of being 
full. 

Unclaimed Goods. Goods in gov- 
ernment storehouses unclaimed after 
three years from importation, or on 
which duties have not been paid, 
may be sold at auction. 



Undersell. To sell below the trade 
price. 

Under-writer. A marine insurer ; 
an individual, not a company. 

Unseaworthy. Unfit for a voyage 
in condition or equipment. 

Unsound. In bad condition ; of 
doubtful solvency. 

Usance. The time allowed by usage 
for the payment of a bill of ex- 
change ; it differs greatly in differ- 
ent countries ; any business custom. 

Usury. Interest beyond the lawful 
rate. 



Valid. Of force; binding; good in 
law. 

Value. To estimate; worth. 

Value Received. Phrase used in 
notes and bills to express a consid- 
eration indefinitely. 

Veadee. One to whom something 
is sold. 

Vendor. A seller. 

Vendue. An auction sale. 

Venture. A mercantile speculation 
or investment. 

Void. That which is of no legal ef- 
fect. 

Voidable. That which may become 
of no legal effect if proper steps are 
taken. 

Voucher. A book, receipt, entry, or 
other document which establishes 
the truth of accounts. 

-w 

AVareliouseman. One who stores 

goods for pay. 
Waiver. Relinquishment of a legal 

right or privilege. 
Warranty. An undertaking that 

goods or title are as represented. 
Wastage. Loss in handling ; shrink- 
age. 
Waste. Refuse material. 
Way Bill. List of goods given to a 

carrier. 
Wharfage. Fees paid for use of a 

wharf. 
Wreckage. Merchandise saved from 

a wreck. 



965 



Familiar Allusions. 

HAMES OF PERSONS, PLACES. PICTURES, BUILDINGS, STREETI 

AND MONUMENTS; ALSO WORDS, PHRASES, ETC, 

FREQUENTLY USED IN UTERATURE AND 

CONVERSATION. 



Abderitc. A scoffer; from Abdera, 
where Democritus lived. 

Abraham's Bosom. The rest of the 
blessed dead. Luke xiv. 22. 

Abyla. One, of the "Pillars of Her- 
cules ;" Calpe, being the other. 

Academics. The disciples of Plato, 
so called from the academy. 

Academy (Academia). A gymna- 
sium in the suburbs of Athens, 
where Plato founded his school, 368 
B. c. The Academy (as a philo- 
sophic school) was divided into the 
OLD (by Plato and his disciples) ; 
the MIDDLE (by Arcesilaos), and the 
NEW (by Carneades). 

Academy, The French. (Academie 
Frangaise.) One of the five acad- 
emies constituting the French In- 
stitute ; founded by Richelieu ; deals 
with the French language, and con- 
sists of 40 members. 

Acadia. The former name of Nova 
Scotia. 

Adams and Liberty. Patriotic 
American song, by R. T. Paine, Jr. 

Adam's Apple. Caused by a piece 
of forbidden fruit sticking there. 

Admirable Crichton, The. James 
Crichton ; Scotch prodigy of the 16th 
century. Hence a person of great 
accomplishments. 

Admiral. English admirals were of 
three kinds according to the color 
of their flag. Admiral of the 
Blue, kept the rear in a fight ; Ad- 
miral OF THE Red, the center; Ad° 
miral op the White, the van. 

SIneid. Virgil's epic poem, of which 
-^neas is the hero. 

Ages. According to Hesiod there 
were five ages of the world. The 
Golden, the Silver, the Brazen, 
the Heroic, and the Iron. 



Agnus Dei. The Lamb of God. A 
cake stamped with the figure of a 
lamb, given out by the Pope on the 
Sunday after Easter. 

Alabama. A Confederate privateer 
built in England, and commanded 
by Capt. Semmes. After great 
depredations on American commerce, 
she was sunk by the '''Kearsarge" 
June 19, 1864. 

Aladdin's Window (To finish). 
To try to finish something left un- 
finished by a great man. One win- 
dow in Aladdin's palace was left for 
the Sultan to finish, but his treas- 
ure gave out. 

Albany Regency. Nickname of a 
set of able Democratic politicians, 
60 years ago, at Albany, N. Y. 

Albino. Person with unusually 
white skin and hair, and red eyes. 

Albion. England. Said to mean 
the chalk cliffs. {Alljus, white.) 

Aldine Press. Pounded by Aldus 
Manutine, at Venice, 1496. Hence 
came the famous Aldine editions. 

Alexandrian Library. Founded 
by Ptolemy Soter, at Alexandria, 
Egypt. Contained 100,000 volumes. 
Burned 47 e, c. 

Alexandrine Age. 323-640, when 
Alexandria was the seat of the high- 
est culture. 

Alhambra. Palace and fortress of 
the Moors at Granada, Spain. 

All Souls' Day. Nov. 2. Day of 
prayer for souls in Purgatory. 

Allah. ("The Adorable.") Arabic 
name of God. 

Almack*s. Once a famous London 
assembly-room where balls were 
given of the most exclusive, aristo- 
cratic character. 

Almighty Dollar. A phrase frwr 
Irving's Creole Village, 



966 



Familiar Allusions 



Alsatia. The Whitefriars (Lon- 
don) refuge for criminals. 

Alto-Relievo. (High relief.) Fig- 
ures in marble, etc., cut so as to 
project one-half or more from the 
tablet. 

Ambrosia. The food of the gods. 

Amuck, To run amuck. Run foul 
of. Malays, drunk with opium, run 
about, armed with daggers, shouting 
"Amuck" (kill). 

Anacreontics. Verses in praise of 
love or wine, after Anacreon. 

Ancient Regime. The French 
Government before the Revolution. 

Andersonville Prison, In Georgia. 
Union soldiers were confined there 
during the Civil War of the United 
States. 

Angelic Doctor, Tke. Thomas 
Aquinas. 

Angelus, The. A prayer to the Vir- 
gin, recited thrice a day. 

Angling, The Father of. Izaak 
Walton. 

Annunciation, Day of. Festival, 
celebrated March 25th, the day the 
angel announced to the Virgin that 
she would bear Our Lord. 

Annus Mirabilis. ( Wonderful 

Year.) 1666. Plague, fire of Lon- 
don, and English victory over the 
Dutch. 

Anthony, Saint. St. Anthotsty's 
FiEE. Erysipelas. 

Antoninus, The Wall of. Turf 
entrenchment across Scotland from 
the Clyde to the Frith of Forth, 
built by the Romans 140. 

Apollo Belvedere. A marble statue 
of Apollo in the 'Belvedere Gallery 
of the Vatican at Rome. 

Appian Way. Oldest of the Roman 
roads, from Rome to "Capua. 

Apples of Sodom. Lovely fruit, but 
within full of ashes. 

Arabesque. Moorish (Arabic) pat- 
terns in decoration. 

Arcadian. A shepherd; belonging 
to shepherds. So called from the, 
Greek country Arcadia, a pastoral 
region. 

Arch of Triumph. At the west end 
of the Champs Elysees, Paris, 116 ft. 
high, 145 wide. Begun by Napoleon. 

Arctic, The. A Collins steamer, 
sunk, with great loss of life, in 1854. 

Argo. The ship in which Jason went 
after the golden fleece. 



Argonauts. The heroes who sailed 
in the Argo. 

Argus-eyed. Extremely watchful. 
Juno, jealous of To, had her watched 
by the hundred-eyed Argus. 

Arians. Disciples of Arius ; main- 
tained that the Father and Son are 
distinct beings. 

Armada, The Spanish. Fleet col- 
lectea by Philip of Spain, in 1588, 
to conquer England. 

Artesian Weil. From Artois in 
France, where they were first dug. 

Aryans. The parents of the Indo- 
European peoples. 

Astor Library, In New York city, 
founded by J. J. Astor. 

Athens, The Modern, 1. Edinburgh. 
2. Boston. 

Augustan Age, The palmiest period 
of a literature ; the best days of 
Roman literature being under Au- 
gustus. 

Auld Reekie (Old Smoky). Edin- 
burgh, Scotland. 

Avalon. Burial place of King Ar- 
thur ; said to be Glastonbury. 

Ayreshire Poet, The. Burns, who 
was born near Ayr, Scotland. 



Barnburners. A name once given 

to radical Democrats. 
Babylonish Captivity. The 70 

years' captivity of the Jews at 
Babylon, 608-538 B. c. 

Baconian Philosophy, The induc- 
tive philosophy of Lord Bacon. 

Balmoral Castle. A Scotch castle 
owned by Queen Victoria. 

Bank of England. In Threadneedle 
Street, London. Founded 1694. 
Sometimes called "The Old Lady of 
Threadneedle Street." 

Bard of Avon. Shakespeare, from 
Stratford-on-Avon. 

Barleycorn, John. Malt liquor. 

Barmecide's Feast, An illusion. 
Barmecide asked a starving beggar 
to dinner, and set empty dishes be- 
fore him. (AraUan Nights.) 

Basilisk. A serpent supposed to 
"look people dead." 

Basso-Relievo. Figures cut on mar« 
ble, etc., projecting a litte. 

Bastile. French prison and fortress, 
destroyed by the mob, 1789. 

Battle of the Books. A satire by 



967 



Familial* Allusions 



Swift on the comparative merits of 
ancient and modern literature. 

Battery, The. A park in New York 
city adjoining the river. 

Beacon Street. The aristocratic res- 
idence street of Boston. 

Beauty and the Beast. A fairy 
tale. Beauty lives with the Beast 
to save her father's life. Beast, dis- 
enchanted by love, is made a hand- 
some prince. 

Bedlam (Bethlehem). A lunatic 
asylum. 

Bee, the Attic. Plato, from his 
sweet style. 

Beelzebub. God of flies ; a Philis- 
tine deity. 

Begging the question. Assuming 
as true what you are to prove. 

Belle France, La (Fair France). 
A general name of France. 

Belgra-via. Fashionable quarter of 
London. 

Bell the Cat. A wise mouse pro- 
posed that a bell should be hung 
upon the cat's neck to apprise the 
mice of her coming ; a young mouse 
inquired, "Who will put the bell 
on?" 

Sell, The Passing. Rung formerly 
when persons w^ere dying. 

Beloved Disciple. St. John. 

Benicia Boy. John C. Heenan, the 
American pugilist, born at Benicia, 
Cal. 

Bess, Good Queen. Queen Eliza- 
beth. 

Bibliotheque Rationale. (Na- 
tional Library.) At Paris, contains 
over 1,000,000 books, 150,000 manu- 
scripts, etc. 

Billingsgate. Coarse language, such 
as is used by the fishwomen of Bil- 
lingsgate, the London fish market. 

Black Death. A contagious, putrid 
typhus, which desolated Europe, 
Asia and Africa in the 14th century. 

Black Friday. Sept. 26, 1869; 
financial panic in Wall street. New 
York. 

Black Hole. Dark cell in Calcutta 
prison where Surajah Dowlah shut 
up 146 British soldiers ; 23 lived till 
morning. 

Black Prince. Edward, Prince of 
Wales, son of Edward III. 

Black Bepublicans. The Republi- 
can party in the United States, from 



their opposition to the extension of 
slavery. 

Blarney Stone. In Blarney Castle, 
near Cork, Ireland. Supposed to 
impart a flowing tongue to whoever 
kisses it. 

Bluebeard. A wife-killing tyrant; 
a sort of Henry VIII. 

Blue Laws. A nickname of early 
severe New England statutes. 

Blue Stocking. A female pedant ; 
so called from a literary society at 
Venice in 1400, whose members wore 
blue stockings. 

Bohemian. An artist or literary 
man living loosely by his wits. 

Bois de Bologne. A Paris prom- 
enade. 

Border, The. The frontiers of Eng- 
land and Scotland. 

Border Minstrel, The. Sir Walter 
Scott. 

Border States. Maryland, Dela- 
ware, Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri. 

Bourgeoisie. French tradesmen and 
manufacturers as a class. 

Boulevard. In Paris, a wide street 
or promenade. 

Bourse. The Parisian Stock Ex' 
change. 

Bloody Mary. Queen Mary of Eng- 
land ; so called on account of her 
bloodthirsty persecution of English 
Protestants. 

Bow Bells. A set of bells in St. 
Mary-le-Bow Church, London. A 
person "born within sound of Bow 
Bells" is a Cockney. 

Bowery, The. A New York thor- 
oughfare of the lower classes. 

Boycott. To refuse to have anything 
to do with. Boycott, an Irish land- 
lord, was so treated in 1881. 

Brandy Nose. A nickname of Queen 
Anne of England. 

Breeches Bible. An edition in 
which aprons, in Genesis iii. 7, is 
rendered "breeches." 

Bride of the Sea. Venice. 

Bridge of Sighs. In Venice, Italy. 
Connects Doge's palace and state 
prisons. The condemned passed over 
it to be executed. 

British Museum. A famous library 
and museum of London. 

Broadway. The principal business 
street of New York city. 

Brook Farm. A socialistic commu- 
nity founded at West Roxbury, 



968 



Familiar Allusions 



Mass., 1841, to carry out the idea 
of Fourierism. 

Brother Jonatlian. America, an 
Ameriocn. Said to be derived from 
Jonathan Trumbull, Governor of 
Connecticut, of whom Washington 
would say, "We must consult Broth- 
er Jonathan." 

buncombe or Bunkum. Clap-trap 
eloquence. Said to come from Bun- 
combe, in North Carolina. A North 
Carolina member said a fiery speech 
was not delivered to the house, but 
to Buncombe. 

3unker Hill Monument. A gran- 
ite obelisk on Bunker (once Breed's) 
Hill, Charlestown, Mass., marking 
the site of the battle between the 
British and Americans, June 17, 
1775. 



Cacliet, Iiettres de. (Sealed let- 
ters.) Blank warrants with the 
French King's seal, to free from, or 
imprison in the Bastile. 

Caledonia. A poetical name for 
Scotland. 

Campagna. (The country.) The 
plain around the city of Rome. 

Carbonari. Italian secret political 
society, organized in 1820. 

Carmagnole. Song and dance in the 
French Revolution. 

Cartesian Pbilosopby. (Des- 
cartes.) "I think, therefore I exist.'* 

Castle Garden. The landing-place 
of emigrants, New York city. 

Catacombs. The subterranean bur- 
ial-places in Alexandria, Egypt ; also 
in Rome, used by the early Chris- 
tians. 

Cavalier Servente. The escort of 
a married woman. 

Cecilia, Saint. A Roman Christian 
martyr ; patroness of music. 

Celestial Empire. China, wtiose 
first emperors were all divinities. 

Central Park. The great park of 
New York city, contains 863 acres. 

Champs de Mars. A field in Paris 
for military maneuvers. 

Champs Elysees. A promenade in 
Paris, IM: miles long. 

Charter Oak. A tree in Hartford, 
Conn., in which the Colonial 'Char- 
ter was secreted in 1688. Blown 
down in 1856. 

Chauvinism. Narrow-minded brag- 



gart patriotism ; from Chauvin, a 
character of Scribe's. 

Cheapside. A great and crowded 
London thoroughfare. 

Chestnut Street. The fashionable 
street of Philadelphia, Pa. 

Chiltern Hundreds, To accept 
the. To resign one's seat in Parlia- 
ment. An English member of Par- 
liament resigns his seat by taking 
office. Stewardship of the Chiltern 
Hundreds is a sinecure for this pur- 
pose. 

Christ Church. The largest college 
in the University of Oxford. 

Cid, The. Don Roderigo Laynez, 
Count of Bivar ; Spanish hero. 

Cincinnati, The. Society of Ameri- 
can Revolutionary officers. 

Citizen King, The. Louis Philippe 
of France. 

Cockaine, Ijand of. An imaginary 
land of pleasure and laziness. 

Colossus of Rhodes. A brass statue 
at Rhodes, 126 feet high. 

Columbia. Poetical name of the 
United States, from Columbus. 

Column of Vendome. (Colonne 
Vendome.) Stone pillar in Paris, 
erected by Napoleon ; razed by the 
Commune in 1871. 

Confederate States. The 11 States 
which seceded in 1861, viz., Ala- 
bama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, 
Louisiana, Mississippi, North Caro- 
lina, South Carolina, Tennessee, 
Texas, Virginia. 

Congressional Library. At Wash- 
ington, largest in United States. 

Consols. English public securities at 
3 per cent. 

Copperheads. Northern sympathiz- 
er's with the South in the American 
Civil War. 

Corncrackers, The. Kentuckians. 

Corn Law Rhymer, The. Ebenezer 
Elliott. 

Corso. (The Course.) The chiei 
thoroughfare of Rome. 

Crapaud (a toad) Johnny. A 
Frenchman. The ancient device of 
French royalty was three toads 
(subsequently the fleur de lys). 

Credit Mobilier. A company au- 
thorized to do a stock-jobbing busi- 
ness. The American C. M. in con- 
nection with the Pacific railroads 
was famous in 1873. 

Crocodile Tears. Hypocritical grief 



969 



Familiar Allusions 



The crocodile was fabled to weep as 
it ate its victim. 

Cumberland. A United States ves- 
sel sunk by the Confederate ram 
Merrimac in Hampton Roads, March 
8, 1862. Went down with colors 
flying, firing a broadside as she sunk. 

Curfew Bell. A bell rung at sunset 
in the time of William I. and II. in 
England, to order fires and candles 
to be put out. 



D&mocles' Sword, Presentiment of 
evil. Dionysius the Elder, tyrant of 
Syracuse, invited his flatterer Dam- 
ocles to a splendid feast, but hung 
over his head a sword dangling by a 
single hair. 

Darby and Joan. An affectionate 
married couple. From a ballad. 

Dartmoor Prison, in Devonshire, 
England. A prison of war. 

Darwinian Theory. A theory pro- 
posed by Charles Darwin in his Ori- 
gin of Species; the different species 
came from one or a few original 
forms, present differences being the 
result of development and natural 
selection. 

De Profundis (Out of the depths). 
The first two words of the Latin 
version of the 130th Psalm. Sung 
at burials. 

Debatable Ground. Land on the 
western border of Scotland, disputed 
between Scotland and England. 

Defender of the Faitb. Title given 
by Pope Leo X. to Henry VIII. of 
England. 

Dies Irse. (Day of wrath.) First 
two words of a celebrated mediaeval 
hymn by Thomas of Celano. 

Directory, The French. By the 
constitution of 1795 the executive 
power was vested in five directors. 
It lasted four years only. 

Dixie. The I^and of Dixie. The 
Southern States. 

Dizzy. A nickname of Benjamin Dis- 
raeli, Earl of Beaconsfield. 

Doctors' Commons. Where the Ec- 
clesiastical Court sat in London. 

Doctrinaire. An impracticable poli- 
tician. First applied to the French 
Constitutional Monarchists, of whom 
Guizot was one. 

Doe, John. Fictitious plaintiff in 
ejectment; Doe versus Roe. 



Doomsday Book. A book contain- 
ing the value of all English estates 
in the reign of William the Con- 
queror. 

Donnybrook Fair, A once celc 
brated annual fair near Dublin. 

Douay Bible, The. The English 
Bible authorized by the Roman 
Catholic Church. First published at 
Douay, France. 

Downing Street, in London. The 
official residence of the Prime Min- 
isters is situated there since the time 
of Sir Robert Walpole. 

Drachenfels (Dragon Rock). A 
castle on a mountain of the same 
name, high above the Rhine, not far 
from Bonn. 

Drury Lane Theater. A London 
playhouse, opened in 1668. 

Dunciad. A satire on Dunces by 
Pope. Colley Cibber is the hero. 

Dying Gladiator. An ancient statue 
in the Capitol at Rome. 



Eastern States, The. Maine, Ver- 
mont, New Hampshire, Massachu- 
setts, Rhode Island, and Connecti- 
cut. 

Ecce Homo. (Behold the man.) A 
famous painting by Corregio repre- 
senting the Savior crowned with 
thorns. 

Ecole Poly technique. (Polytechnic 
School.) A Parisian school whose 
graduates are given places in the 
public service. 

El Dorado. (The Golden.) General 
name for wealthy country. 

Elephant, Seeing the. Seeing the 
world ; "life." 

Elgin Marbles. A collection of 
Greek sculptures (mainly from the 
Athenian Parthenon), made by 
Lord Elgin ; now in British Museum. 

Escorial, The. Granite palace and 
mausoleum near Madrid. 

Eternal City, The. Rome. 

Eulenspiegel, Tyl. Hero of a Ger- 
man story ; a vagrant Brunswicker 
who cuts up all sorts of pranks. 

Eureka. (I have found it.) A say- 
ing attributed to the Archimedes 
when he discovered the way to test 
the purity of Hiero's crown. 

Evangelists, Symbols of the, 
Matthew has a scroll before him 
and holds a pen. Mabk sits writings 



970 



Familiar Allusions 



with a winged lion by his side. 
Luke has a pen and scroll ; near 
him is an ox. John is a young man 
behind whom is an eagle. 

Exclusion, Bill of. A bill which 
passed the English Commons in 
1679, proposing to exclude the Duke 
of York (afterwards James II.) 
from the throne, because he was a 
Roman •Catholic. 

Expounder of the Constitution, 
TIlc Daniel Webster. 



Fabian Policy. A policy of delay, 
such as was pursued by Q. Fabius 
Maximus, called Cunctator, "The 
Delayer." 

Fabius, Tbe American. George 
Washington. 

Faery Queen. A rhymed romance 
of Edmund Spenser. 

Fairmount Park, in Philadelphia, 
contains nearly 3,000 acres. It was 
the site of the Centennial Exhibition 
of 1876. 

Faineants, Les Hois. (Do-nothing 
Kings. ) Nicknames of the last kings 
of the Merovingian dynasty in 
France. 

Falernian. A celebrated ancient 
Italian wine grown at Falernum. 

Faneuil Hall, in Boston, Mass., first 
built in 1742. Revolutionary ora- 
tors frequently addressed public 
meetings in it. 

Farmer George. George III. of 
England ; so called from his bluff 
manners, thriftiness, and love of 
agriculture. 

Fata Morgana. A mirage observed 
in the Straits of Messina. 

Father of his Country. George 
Washington. 

Fathers of the ILatin Church. 
Ambrose, of Milan : Augustine, St. 
Bernard, Hilary, Jerome, Lactan- 
tius. 

Faubourg, St. Antoine. The part 
of Paris in which the workingmen 
live. Once the scene of many in- 
surrections and riots. 

Faubourg St. Germain. The aris- 
tocratic residence quarter of Paris, 
where are the houses of the old no- 
binty. 

Fenians. A society of Irishmen or- 
ganized in the United States in 1865 
to make Ireland a republic. 



Field of the Cloth of Gold. Plain 
in France where Francis I. met 
Henry VIII. ; so called from the 
magnificent display made. 

Fifth Avenue. A celebrated resi' 
dence street in New York city. 

Fighting Joe. The American gen- 
eral Joseph Hooker. 

First Gentleman in Europe. 
George IV. of England. 

Five Points. A locality in New 
York once famous as the abode of 
poverty and crime ; now greatly 
changed. 

Flagellants. Religious fanatics of 
the thirteenth century, who went 
about naked and scourging them- 
selves. 

Fleet, The. A famous London 
prison, taken down in 1845. 

Flowery Kingdom, The. China, 
where flowers are abundant. 

Flying Dutchman. A spectre ship 
seen, in bad weather, about the Cape 
of Good Hope ; supposed to presage 
bad luck. 

Fort Sumter. In the harbor of 
Charleston, S. C. Here was done 
the first fighting in the late Civil 
War of the United States. 

Fourierism. A system of commu- 
nism proposed by Charles Fourier. 
The world was to be divided into 
"phalansteries" of 400 families, who 
were to live and work in common. 

Freshman. A student in his first 
year at college. 

Funk, Peter. A mock auction ; a 
person employed at auction sales in 
making bids in collusion with the 
owner of the property to be sold. 



Gadshill, near Rochester, in Kent, 
England ; famous for Falstaff's high- 
way robbery. Charles Dickens lived 
there. 

Genre Painting. One representing 
domestic rural ordinary scenes. 

George, St., and the Dragon. St. 
George, the patron saint of England, 
is said to have slain in Libya a huge 
dragon, to which every day a virgin 
was offered up. 

Gerrymander. To so apportion, 
geographically, legislative, congres- 
sional, or other electoral districts, 
as to give an unfair preponderance 
to some one political party. Started 



mi 



Familiar Allusions 



in Massachusetts, and named after 
Elbridge Gerry, then governor of the 
State. 

Ghetto. The quarter in Rome to 
which the Jews were formerly re- 
stricted. Also in many other Euro- 
pean cities. 

Ghibellisie. In the Middle Ages an 
adherent of the Holy Roman Empire 
against the Papacy. 

Girondists; The Gironde. In the 
French Revolution the party of 
moderate "constitutional" Republi- 
cans. 

Glencoe. A pass in Argyleshire, 
Scotland. Here, Feb. 13, 1691, oc- 
curred the famous massacre of Glen- 
coe, in which 38 of the McDonalds 
were murdered by 120 soldiers under 
Capt. Campbell. 

Gobelins. A tapestry and carpet 
manufactory at Paris, founded about 
1515 by J. Gobelin, a dyer. 

Godiva, Lady. Wife of Leofric, 
Earl of Mercia, who offered to remit 
certain exactions to his tenants if 
she would ride naked through the 
streets of "Coventry. She did so, 
everybody keeping indoors except 
one "Peeping Tom," who was struck 
blind for peeping at her, 

Golconda. A locality in India con- 
taining some rich diamond mines. 

Golden Age. An age of innocence 
and prosperity. The palmy time of 
a nation or a literature. 

Golden Gate. The entrance to the 
harbor of San Francisco, Cal. 

Golden Horn. The estuary of the 
Bosphorus, upon whose banks Con- 
stantinople is built. 

Golden House. Palace of gold built 
by Nero in Rome. 

Gerdian Knot. A vexed question, 
an obstacle. Gordius, a Phrygian 
peasant, when chosen king, conse- 
crated his wagon to Jupiter, tying 
the yoke and beam together so that 
it could not be untied, till Alexan- 
der, hearing that the untier of the 
knot should rule over all the East, 
cut the knot with his sword. 

Gordon Riots, The. In 1780, at 
London, under Lord George Gordon, 
a weak-minded nobleman, to force 
the repeal of the bill passed by the 
House of Commons to relieve the 
Roman Catholics^ 

07 



Gotham. A name sometimes applied 
to New York city. 

Gotham, The "Wise Men of, were 
noted for their folly. Gotham was 
an English village. 

Great Commoner, The. William 
Pitt. 

Great Dnhe, The. The Duke of 
Wellington. 

Great Eastern. A great steamship, 
the largest vessel ever launched. 
She was made to carry 1,000 passen- 
gers and 5,000 tons of cargo. Since 
1864 only used in laying cables. 

Great Pyramid, The. At Gheezeh, 
Egypt, was built about 3100 b. c. 
It is 484 feet high, and contains 
577,600 square feet. 

Greenbacks. United States Treasury 
notes ; so called from their color. 

Green Isle, The. Ireland, from the 
greenness of its vegetation; also 
called the Emerald Isle. 

Greenwood. A cemetery in Brook* 
lyn, N. Y. ; largest in America. 

Gregorian Year. The year as re- 
formed by Gregory XIII., in 1582. 
He took away 10 days. 

Gretna Green. A Scotch village, 
once a famous place for runaway 
matches. A declaration before wit- 
nesses of an intention to marry was 
formerly sufficient to make a valid 
marriage in Scotland. 

Grub Street. A London street, once 
noted for literary hacks. 

Guelphs. In mediaeval Europe the 
adherents of the Papacy as against 
the Holy Roman Empire. 

Guildhall. The London Town Hall ; 
the hall of the guilds. 

Gunner's Daughter, Kissing the. 
To be flogged. Boys in the English 
navy, before being flogged, are tied 
to a gun breech. 

Gunpowder Plot, The. A plot to 
blow up the English Parliament in 
its House, Nov. 5, 1605, with gun- 
powder. Catesby conceived the 
scheme, which was to have been car- 
ried out by Guy Fawkes. 

Gyges* Ring. A ring which made 
the wearer invisible. Gyges, a 
Lydian, found in a brazen horse, in 
a cavern, a man's corpse, from the 
finger of which he took a brazen ring 
which made him invisible. With 
this ring he went into the chamber 

2 



Familiar Allusions 



of the King of Lydia, whom he mur- 
dered and succeeded. 



Habeas Corpus Act, The. Passed 
in the time of Charles II., provides 
that the body of an accused person 
must be brought (if he insist) be- 
fore a judge, and the reason of his 
confinement stated. The judge will 
then determine whether or not to 
admit the accused to bail. The guilt 
of an accused person is to be finally 
decided by a jury. 

Halcyon Days. A period of happi- 
ness. The halcyon (kingfisher) was 
thought by the ancients to lay its 
eggs, and brood for 14 days preced- 
ing the winter solstice, on the sur- 
face of the ocean, which was always 
calm during this time. 

HandiC&p. In horse-racing, assign- 
ing different weights to horses of 
different speed, age, etc., so they 
may run with an equal chance. So 
called from an ancient game of 
cards. 

Hansard. The debates of the British 
Parliament, which are printed by a 
firm named Hansard. 

Hanseatic League. A union of a 
number of maritime towns in North- 
ern Germany for purpose of trade 
and mutual safety. Founded in the 
thirteenth century. Their triennial 
legislature was called hansa. 

Hanse Towns. The North German 
seaboard cities which once consti- 
tuted the Hanseatic League. 

Bare, Mad as a March. The hare 
is excessively wild in March. 

Harpies. "Creatures with a woman's 
head and breasts, and the rest of 
the body like vultures, hungry and 
emitting a terrible stench. 

Hari-Kari (happy dispatch). Jap- 
anese official suicide. Civil officials 
ordered by the government to dis- 
patch .themselves, rip out their bow- 
els with two cross-gashes. 

Harvest Moon. The full moon at or 
nearest to the fall equinox ; rises for 
a number of days about sunset. 

Heathen Chinee. A nickname of 
the Chinese in America. 

Heidelberg Castle. A ruined pal- 
ace-fortress near Heidelberg, Ger- 
many. 

Heel-tap* "No heel-taps;" i. e., 



drain the glass to the bottom. A 
heel-tap is a shoe-peg stuck in the 
heel, but taken out when the shoe is 
done. 

Hegira. The date of Mahomet's 
flight from Mecca, July 16, 622. 
The Mahommedan epoch begins with 
it. 

High Church. That section of the 
English clergy which maintains the 
apostolic descent of the clergy, and 
absolution by priests. 

High Seas, The. The sea beyond 
three miles from the coast. 

History, The Father of. The Greek 
historian, Herodotus. 

Hob-and-Nob. To touch glasses to- 
gether in drinking ; to talk confiden- 
tially to. A hob, at the corner of 
the hearth, was to heat the water or 
spirit. A nob is a small table. 

Hobson's Choice. What is offered, 
or nothing. It is said that Tobias 
Hobson, an English stable-keeper, 
whenever a customer came to hire a 
horse, made him take the horse near- 
est the stable door. 

Holborn. A London street by which 
criminals used to be carried out to 
execution at Tyburn. 

Holy Alliance, formed in 1816 by 
Austria, Prussia, and Russia. 

Holy Family, The. The name of 
many mediaeval pictures represent- 
ing the infant Jesus, Joseph, the 
Virgin, John the Baptist, Anna, and 
Elizabeth. Perhaps the most cele- 
brated are by Michael Angelo, at 
Florence ; by Rubens, at Florence ; 
by Raphael, in London ; and by 
Leonardo da Vinci, in the Louvre. 

Holy Liand, The. Palestine, as the 
birthplace of "Christ. 

Holy League, The. The alliance of 
Pope Julius IL, France, Germany, 
Spain, and some of the Italian Re- 
publics in 1508, against Venice. 

Honi soit qui mal y pense. ( Shame 
to him who evil thinks.) Motto of 
the Order of the Garter. At a ball 
given by Edward III. of England, 
the Countess of Salisbury's blue gar- 
ter came off accidentally. The King 
picked it up, made the remark quoted 
above, and fixed it round his own 
knee. This led to his instituting 
the Order of the Garter. 

Honors of War. Allowing a sur* 
rendered enemy to keep his arms. 



973 



Familiar Allusions 



Hotel de Rambouillet. A Paris 
palace, the resort of wits, literary 
ladies, etc., in the seventeenth cen- 
tury. Ridiculed by Moliere. 

Hotel de Ville. The City Hall of 
French and Belgian cities. 

Houris, in the Koran, black-eyed, 
beautiful virgins of Paradise ; 72 
are allotted to each believer. 

Humble Pie, To eat. To make sub- 
mission. From umljles, the entrails 
and other inferior portions of the 
deer. 

Hundred Days, The, from March 
20, 1815, when Napoleon escaped 
from Elba, to June 22, 1815, when 
he abdicated. 



Iconoclast (Image-breaker). A rad- 
ical reformer ; so called from the 
eighth century reformers who ob- 
jected to and threw down statues, 
pictures, etc., in churches. 

Iliad. The story of the siege of Troy 
by the Greeks, a Greek epic poem, 
by Homer. 

Immaculate Conception. The dog- 
ma of the Catholic Church that the 
Virgin Mary was conceived without 
original sin. 

Independence, Declaration of, is- 
sued July 4, 1776, asserting the in- 
dependence of the American Colonies 
of Great Britain. 

Independence Hall, in Philadel- 
phia, Pa. ; the meeting-place of the 
Continental Congress, where the 
Declaration of Independence was 
adopted. 

Index Expurgatorius. A list of 
printed works, the reading of which 
is prohibited by the Church of 
Rome ; published annually. 

Inns of Court. The four London 
law societies which have the sole 
right of admitting candidates to the 
bar. They are Gray's Inn, Lin- 
coln's Inn, the Inner Temple, and 
the INIiDDLE Temple. 

Inquisition (An inquiry into.) A 
tribunal to inquire into transgres- 
sions against the Roman "Catholic 
Church. 

Irish Agitator, The. Daniel O'Con- 
nell. 

Iron City, The. Pittsburg, Pa., 
celebrated for its iron industries. 



Iron Duke, The. The Duke of Wel- 
lington. 
Iron Mask, The Man in the. A 

mysterious French state nrisoner. 



Jack Ketch. The hangman; the 
name of an English hangman. 

Jack Robinson. Before you can 
say Jack Robinson, meaning at 
once. Halliwell notes the deriva- 
tion "Jack, Robes on" from an old 
play. According to Grose, one Jack 
Robinson was noted for the short- 
ness of his visits ; the servants had 
hardly time to repeat Jack Robin- 
son, before he would leave. (Very 
doubtful. ) 

Jack the Giant-Killer. A nursery 
hero, who has an invincible sword, 
a cap of wisdom, shoes of swiftness, 
and an invisible coat. 

Jack, the American, or Union. 
The blue ground of the American 
flag with the stars, but without the 
stripes. 

Jacobins. A famous political club 
in the French Revolution. It met 
at a convent of the Jacobins (Do- 
minicans). 

Jacobites. Adherents of James II. 
of England, and the Stuarts, his 
descendants; from Jacobus (James). 

Jardin des Plantes. Botanical and 
zoological garden in Paris. 

Jardin Mabille. A once famous 
garden in Paris; the home of the 
can-can. Pleasure resort of the 
demi-monde. Shut up in 1882. 

Jericho, Gone to. Disappeared, 
ruined. Henry VIII. had a manor 
called Jericho. When he went there 
to visit some of his mistresses it 
used to be said of him, "He has gone 
to Jericho." (Very doubtful.) 

Jerusalm Delivered. An Italian 
epic poem by Torquato Tasso. 

Jingo; Jingoism. Expressions 
which arose during the ministry of 
Lord Beaconsfield, 1874-1880. Ap- 
plied to those who wished England 
to take an aggressive foreign policy. 
It originated in a music-hall song. 

Joan, Pope. A pretended female 
Pope who was said to have suc- 
ceeded Leo IV. The falsity of the 
legend has been shown. 

John Bull. Nickname for an Eng- 
lishman; England. A choleric, 



974 



Familiar Allusions 



plethoric, bull-headed, well-meaning 
fellow. 

Jolm Ghinainaii. Nickname for the 
Chinese in America. 

Johzmy Reb. Nickname of South- 
erners in American Civil War. 

Jubilee, Year of. x\moug the Jews 
came every 50th 5^ear _; all debts 
were considered to be paid, and land 
reverted to its original owners. In 
the Catholic Church it comes once 
in every 25 years. 

Juggernaut. A Hindoo god who has 
a famous temple in India. 

Julian Era, The, begins 46 B. C, 
when Caesar reformed the calendar. 

Junius, Letters of. A celebrated 
series of political letters signed 
"Junius," written in the reign of 
George III., of doubtful authorship. 



Kansas, Bleeding. So called on 
account of the fierce struggles be- 
tween its anti-slavery and pro- 
slavery settlers. 

Kensington Gardens. A great 
London pleasure ground adjoining 
Kensington Palace (where Queen 
Victoria was born). 

Kilkenny Cats, The, fought in a 
saw-pit till only their tails remained. 

King can do no wrong, The. 
Meaning lie is not responsible, but 
his ministers are, for mistakes in 
administration. 

King of Yvetot. A "good, little 
king." A pretentious person. The 
holders of the little seigneurie of 
Yvetot, had the title of king. 

King Cole. A legendary British 
king, who "loved his pipe and bowl." 

King Cotton. Cotton, the great 
product of the Southern States, was 
so called before the Civil War. 

King's Evil. The scrofula. It was 
an ancient notion that the touch of 
a sovereign could heal scrofula. 
Doctor Johnson was the last Eng- 
lishman "touched" for scrofula. 

King Log. An ineffectual, do-noth- 
ing ruler. Jupiter, in answer to the 
prayer of the frogs for a kingj^ gave 
them a log. 

King-Maker, The. Richard Neville, 
the great Earl of Warwick, who set 
up and deposed English kings in the 
15th century. 

King Stork. A tyrant. The frogs, 

9 



dissatisfied with the let-alone policy 
of King Log, prayed for a new king, 
whereupon Jupiter sent them the 
Stork, who devoured them miscel- 
laneously. 

Kit Kat Club, The. A famous Lon- 
don Club, founded in 1688, at the 
shop of one Christopher xvatt, pas- 
try-cook. Among the members were 
Addison, Congreve, Halifax, the 
Duke of Marlborough, Steele, and 
Vanbrugh. 

Knickerbocker. A member of an 
"old" New York family ; especially 
persons descended from the original 
Dutch settlers. 

Knights of Malta. Also called 
Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusa- 
lem. A once powerful association. 
The original knights had charge of 
a church and hospital at Jerusalem 
consecrated to St. John. Thence 
they moved to Rhodes, and in 1523 
to Malta. 

Know Nothings. Political party in 
the United States insisting that no- 
body but "native Americans should 
hold ofiice." Sprang up suddenly 
about 1853, and (after carrying a 
few State elections) disappeared. 

Kohinoor (Mountain of Light). A 
diamond from the mines of Golcon- 
da, India. When found (1550) it 
weighed 793 carats ; the present 
weight is 106 1-16. It came into 
the possession of Queen Victoria in 
1850. Estimated value, $625,000, 
or £125,000. 

Koran or Alkoran. (The Read- 
ing.) The Mahommedan Bible. 

Kremlin. A quarter in Moscow, 
Russia, in which are several palaces, 
cathedrals, towers, etc. 



Labyrinth, The. A celebrated struc- 
ture of ancient Egypt. A maze of 
difficulties, so called from an inex- 
tricable series of winding passages, 
constructed by Minos, King of 
Crete. 

Laconic. Brief, from Laconia, an- 
other name for Sparta ; the Spar- 
tans cultivated curtness of speech. 

Lacrymse Christi. Italian wine 
grown about Mount Vesuvius. 

Lake School, The. The poetry of 
Coleridge, Wordsworth, and Southef • 



Familiar Allusions 



who lived in the Lake district of 
England. 

Land of Bondage. Egypt, so called 
by the Jews. 

Land of Cakes. Scotland, famous 
for its oatmeal cakes. 

Land of Nod. Popular phrase for 
sleep. 

Land of Promise, or Promised 
Land. Among the Jews, Canaan, 
which God promised to Abraham. 

Lang Syne, is Scotch for long since. 
The famous song Auld Lang Syne is 
generally credited to Robert Burns, 
who said he took this song down 
from an old man's singing. 

Langue d'Oc. (Language of Yes.) 
Provencal, formerly the language of 
southern France. 

Langue d'Oil. (Language of Yes.) 
French, in distinction from Pro- 
vencal. 

Laocobn. A statue in the Belvedere 
of the Vatican representing the death 
of Laocoon, strangled to death (with 
his sons) by serpents. 

Laodicean. "Luke-warm," in reli- 
gious matters. See Rev. iii. 14-18. 

Lares and Penates. The household 
gods of the Romans. 

Last Judgment. The subject of 
many mediaeval paintings. The most 
famous is the fresco by Michael An- 
gelo, in the Sistine Chapel in the 
Vatican. There is a fresco of it in the 
Campo Santo, at Pisa, supposed to 
be the work of Orcagna ; and a pic- 
ture on this subject by Luca Sig- 
norelli, in Orvieto Cathedral, is con- 
sidered his master-piece. 

Last Supper, The, is the subject of 
many mediaeval paintings, of which 
the most famous is Leonardo da 
Vinci's, at Milan. Next is Andrea 
del Sarto's in the Salvi convent, 
near Florence. 

Lateran Palace, Tlie, at Rome, was 
the residence of the Popes till late 
in the 14th century. 

Laughing Philosopher, The. De- 
mocritus of Abdera. 

Leaning Tower, The, at Pisa, 
Italy ; leans about 13 feet from the 
perpendicular; 178 ft. high; 50 ft. 

• in diameter. 

Learned Blacksmith, The. Elihu 
Burritt, an American writer and 
linguist, originally a blacksmith. 



Leonine Verses. Verses in which 
end and middle words rhyme. 

Libhy Prison. A famous Confeder- 
ate prison of war at Richmond, Va., 
during the Civil War of the United 
States. 

Lilliput. A region inhabited by pig- 
mies, in Gulliver's Travels. 

Lingua Franca. A corrupt Italian- 
French spoken along the Mediter- 
ranean. 

Lion and Unicom, on the British 
royal arms. The lion is English; 
the unicorn, Scotch. Added in 1603. 

Lion of the North. Gustavus Adol- 
phus of Sweden. 

Lion's Share. All or most. The 
lion, in -^sop, hunts with some oth- 
er beasts. In dividing the spoils he 
claims four quarters. 

Little Corporal. Napoleon I., from 
his shortness of stature. 

Little Giant. Stephen A. Douglas, 
who was of small stature. 

Lloyds. Rooms in London, resorted 

•• to by bankers and brokers. 

Lombard Street. The great financial 
street of London. 

Lone Star State, The. Texas, whose 
flag bears a single star. 

Long Parliament, The. Sat from 
Nov. 3, 1640, till April 20, 1653. 

Lorelei. A water spirit who enticed 
sailors till they were dashed to 
pieces by the rapids around the 
high rocks called Lorelei, on the 
Rhine. 

Lotus Eaters, The. A people in 
Homer's Odyssey who ate the lotus 
tree, which made them forget home, 
and only wish "to live at ease." 

Louvre. A palace in Paris filled 
with works or art. 

Low Church. That section of the 
English Church which lays little or 
no stress on ceremonies and is ex- 
tremely "evangelical." 

Lusiad. A Portuguese epic by Cam- 
oens, recounts the adventures of the 
Lusians (Portuguese) under Vasco 
de Gama, the first to sail to India. 

Lynch Law. Hanging by a mob ; its 
judgments are pronounced by "Judge 
Lynch." Said to be derived from a 
Virginian named Lynch, who acted 
as a judge in the 17th century, by 
appointment of his neighbors. Ac- 
cording to others, derived from an 
Irish .Tames Lynch. Warden of Gal 



Q7e 



Familiar AUnsionii 



way, who sentenced his own son to 
death for murder. 



Mab, Queen. "The fairies' mid- 
wife," i. e., employed by the fawies 
as midwife of dreams (to deliver 
man's brain of dreams). 

Macadamize. To pave a street with 
broken stones; so called from Sir 
John Macadam, who invented that 
system of paving. 

Macaronic Verse. Ludicrous verses 
consisting of words from different 
languages mixed. 

Machiavellism. Political or diplo- 
matic trickery ; so called from Nich- 
olas Macchiavelli, author of a polit- 
ical treatise called The Prince. 

Madame Tussaud's ExMbition. 
An exhibition in London of wax- 
work figures, many being modelled 
from life. 

Mad Poet, Tlie. Nathaniel Lee, the 
insane English dramatist. 

Madman of Macedonia, Tlie, 
Alexander the Great. 

Madman of tlie North. Charles 
XII. of Sweden. 

Madonna. (My Lady.) The Virgin 
Mary. Of the immense number of 
pictures on this subject, we mention 
the Sistine Madonna, by Raphael, 
and the Madonna di San Georgio, by 
Correggio, at Dresden ; and the Ma- 
donna della Seggiola, by Raphael, 
in the Pitti Palace, Florence. 

Maecenas. A friend and patron of 
literary men. Caius •Cilnius Maece- 
nas, a Roman general and states- 
man, friend of Augustus, was a lib- 
eral patron of literary men, espe- 
cially Horace and Virgil. 

Magna Cliarta. (Great charter.) 
The charter securing the liberty (or 
at least fair trial) of English sub- 
jects ; granted by King John. 

Mahomet's CoSn, was said to be 
hung in mid-air at Medina. 

Maid of Orleans, The. Joan of 
Arc (Jeanne Dare). 

Maid of Saragossa. Augustina 
Zaragoza, famous for her valor dur- 
ing the siege of Saragossa, in Spain, 
by the French (1808-1809). 

Maiden Qneen, The. Queen Eliza- 
beth of England. 

Maine "Law, A prohibitory liquor 
Inw first adopted in Maine. 



Malthusian Doctrine, The. So 

Ctilled from tne English economist 
MUthus, who claimed that popula- 
tion increases faster than the means 
of living ; so that, unless population 
is checked, either a part of it must 
starve to death, or the whole of it 
be insufficiently fed. 

Mammoth Cave, near Green River, 
Ky., is the largest in the world. 

Man in the Moon, The, is the man 
who picked up sticks on the Sab- 
bath. JS/umlers,^ xv. 32-36; another 
legend says he is Cain. 

Man of Destiny, The. Napoleon 
Bonaparte. 

Man of Iron, The. Bismarck. 

Man of Stra-w. An irresponsible 
person. Professional false witnesses 
or givers of "straw bail" in the 
English courts are said to have 
worn a straw in their shoes as a 
professional sign. 

Mare's Nest, To find a. To find 
something which seems of impor- 
tance, but doesn't amount to any- 
thing. The nightmare was thought 
to be a vampire which guarded 
treasures in its secret nest. 

Marriage a la Mode. ("Fashion- 
able Marriage.") A series of six 
satirical pictures by William Ho- 
garth. 

Marseillaise. A famous French 
Revolutionary song, now the French 
national air. Composed by Rouget 
de Lisle. 

Martinet. A rigid disciplinarian, so 
called from M. de Martinet, a 
French infantry tactician in the 
17th century. 

Mason and Dison's Line. So 
called because run by two English 
surveyors, Charles Mason and Jere- 
miah Dixon, 1763-1767. It was 39° 
43' 26" north latitude, being the 
northern boundary of the then Slave 
States, dividing Pennsylvania from 
Maryland and Virginia. 

Mansolenm. The marble monument 
built by Artemisia, queen of Caria, 
to her husband, Mausolus ; one of 
the seven wonders of the world. 

Mayfair. An aristocratic region in 
London. 

Mayflower, The. The vessel in 
which the founders of the Plymouth 
Colony, in Massachusetts, sailed 



977 



Familiar Allusions 



from Southampton, England, in 
1620. 

Medicine, The Father of. Hip- 
pocrates of Cos. 

ASerlin. A celebrated enchanter in 
the Arthurian legends. 

Mermaid. A sea nymph with a 

■ fish's tail. 

Merry Andrexsr. A buffoon; so 
called from Andrew Borde, the 
eccentric physician of Henry VIII. 

Merry England. A common desig- 
nation of England ; in the old sense 
of the word merry^ meaning pleas- 
ant, agreeaile. 

Merry Monarcli, The. Charles II. 
of England. 

Mesmerism- is named after the Ger- 
man physician, Mesmer. 

Mezzo Relievo. (Middle Relief.) 
Figures cut in stone, etc., which 
project from the tablet more than 
figures in Basso-Relievo, and less 
than figures in Alto-Relievo. 

Middle Ages, The. The period be- 
tween the destruction of the Ro- 
man Empire and the revival of 
learning in Italy, from 476-1500. 

Middle States, The. New York, 
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and 
Delaware. 

Minnesingers. (Love-singers.) The 
German lyric poets of the 12th and 
13th centuries. 

Miserere. (Pity.) The 51st psalm ; 
a penitential psalm. 

Mississippi Buhhle, The. See 
South Sea Scheme. 

Missouri Compromise, The, pro- 
hibited slavery north of SQ° SO' 
north. 

Mistress of the Seas. England. 

Molly Magnires. A secret society 
in the United States ; many crimes 
were attributed to it, especially in 
Pennsylvania, in the coal regions 
of which State it is still active. 

Monarque, X.@ Grand. (The Great 
Monarch.) Louis XIV. of Fra^ce. 

Monroe Doctrine. The United 
States is not to meddle in European 
affairs, nor to allow European gov- 
ernments to meddle in the affairs of 
the American continent, European 
forms of government not to be per- 
mitted in North America. This doc- 
trine really belongs, not to Presi- 
dent Monroe, but to Adams, his Sec 
retary of State. 



Mont de Piete ("Mountain of 
Piety"). A pawnbroker's shop; in 
particular the famous Paris pawn- 
broking establishment. 

Montmartre. A Parisian cemetery. 

Monumental City, The. Balti- 
more, Md., so called from the num- 
ber of its public monuments. 

Morey Letter, The. A forged let- 
ter (1880) attributing anti-Chinese 
sentiments to Gen. Garfield. 

Morganatic Marriage. The mar- 
riage of a person of high rank to a 
woman of inferior rank, who does 
not take her husband's title. 

Mother of Presidents. Virginia ; 
six Virginians have been President 
of the United States. 

Mother Carey's Chickens. Stormy 
petrels. Mother Carey is said to be 
Mater Cara ("Dear Mother"), i. e.. 
The Virgin Mary. 

Mother Goose, nursery rhymer, lived 
in Boston ; sang her rhymes to her 
grandson, Thomas Fleet, who 
printed them in 1719. 

Mount Vernon. The home of Wash- 
ington in Virginia. 

Muscular Christianity. Healthy 
religion, "a sound mind in a sound 
body." The phrase originated with 
Charles Kingsley. 

Music of the Spheres. According 
to Plato each planet has a siren who 
sings a song harmonizing with the 
motion of her own planet, and also 
with the other planets. 



Namby-Pamhy. Wishy-washy, child- 
ish. A name given by Pope to cer- 
tain verses written by Ambrose 
Philips for the children of Lord 
Carteret ; a babyish way of pro- 
nouncing Ambry (Ambrose) and 
Philips. 

Nantes, Edict of. Issued at Nantes, 
France, in 1598, by Henry IV., 
granting toleration to the Protestant 
religion ; repealed by Louis XIV. 
in 1685. 

Nation of Shopkeepers. The Eng- 
lish ; so called by Napoleon I. 

Natural Bridge, The. A natural 
arch 200 feet high spanning Cedar 
Creek, near James River, Virginia. 

Newgate. The oldest of the London 
prisons. 

New World. The Americas. 



978 



Familiar Allusions 



Nibelungen-Lied. A German epic 
poem of the 13th century. 

Nightmare of £urope. The. Na- 
poleon Bonaparte. 

Nine "Worthies, The. David, 
Joshua, Judas Maccabseus, Alex- 
ander, Hector, Julius Caesar, Arthur, 
Charlemagne, and Godfrey of Bouil- 
lon. 

Noctes Amhrosianae. (Ambrosian 
nights.) The title of a celebrated 
work by Prof. Wilson ("Christopher 
North"). Lockhart and Wilson 
used to frequent Ambrose's, an 
Edinburgh tavern. 

Noel. Christmas-day. From nou- 
velles (news). • 

Nonconformists. Dissenters from 
the Church of England. Originally 
applied to the 2,000 clergymen who 
left that Church in 1662, because 
they would not conform with the 
Act of Uniformity. 

Northern Giant, The. Russia. 

Notre Dame. The cathedral of 
Paris. 



Odyssey. Homer's narrative poem 
dealing with the adventures of 
Odysseus (Ulysses) on his voyage 
from Troy to Ithaca. 

Ogres. Giants who devour human 
flesh. Said to come from the Ogurs, 
a fierce Asiatic tribe. 

Oi Folloi. (Hoi Polloi.) The many. 
The mob. 

Old Abe. Abraham Lincoln. 

Old Bailey. A famous London crim- 
inal court. 

Old Dominion, The. Virginia. 

Old Guard, The. Favorite regiment 
of Napoleon I. The supporters of 
Gen. Grant for the Presidency at the 
Chicago "Convention of 1880. 

Old Hichory. A nickname of 
Andrew Jackson. 

Old Frohabilities. A nickname for 
the United States signal service. 

Old Public Functionary. Presi- 
dent James Buchanan. 

Old South, The. A famous church 
in Boston, Mass., connected with 
many events in the Revolution. 

Orangeman. A Protestant Irish- 
man ; from the Protestants espous- 
ing the cause of William of Orange 
(William III. of England). 



Orange Peel. Sir Robert Peel, 
from his anti-Catholic policy. 

Ordinance of 1787. Passed in 
1787 ; fixes the government of the 
Northwest Territory of the United 
States. 

Orlando Furioso. An Italian epic 
poem by Ariosto. 

Ossian. Son of Fingal, a Scotch 
bard. James McPherson published 
in 1760 Ossian's Poems, which he 
pretended to have translated from 
Erse manuscripts. The work, how- 
ever, is McPherson's own, the pre- 
tended MSS. never having existed. 

Ostend Manifesto. Issued during 
Pierce's administration by Bu- 
chanan, Mason, and Soule, United 
States Ministers to England, France, 
and Spain respectively, declaring 
that Cuba must belong to the United 
States. 

Ostracism, comes from the Greek 
ostrakon, an oyster shell. The 
Athenians expelled every dangerous 
public man against whom a sufficient 
number of votes (inscribed on 
oyster slj^lls) could be cast. 



Palimpsest. A parchment in wtiich 
the original writing has been rubbed 
out, and a new writing substituted. 

Pall Mall. (Pell Mell.) A street 
in London famous for its clubs. 

Palladium. An object that insures 
protection. The Palladium of Troy 
was a statue of Pallas, believed to 
have fallen from Heaven. 

Pantheon. A circular building in 
Rome built in the time of Augustus ; 
now a church called the Rotonda. 

Paradise Lost. Milton's great epic, 
treating of the fall of man. 

Paradise Regained, by Milton, 
treats of the temptation and triumph 
of Jesus. 

Paris of America. Cincinnati. 

Parthenon. A celebrated temple of 
Athena (Minerva) on the Acropolis, 
Athens ; the noblest specimen of 
Doric architecture. 

Partington, Mrs. Famed for her 
misuse of words. The invention of 
the American, B. P. Shillaber. 

Pasquinade. A sarcastic political 
squib ; so called from Pasquino, a 
sarcastic tailor. An antique statue 
opposite Pasquino's house in Rome 



979 



Familiar Allusions 



is called Pasquino, and political 
squibs are affixed to it. 

Peeler. A policeman. So called 
from Sir Robert Peel, the founder 
of the Irish constabulary. 

Peninsular War, The war of the 
English against France in Spain 
and Portugal, 1808-1812. 

People's William. A nickname of 
William E. Gladstone. 

Pere-la-Chaise. A famous ceme- 
tery near Paris. 

Philippic. A severe invective ; so 
called from the orations of Demos- 
thenes against Philip of Macedon. 

Philistine. Narrow-minded person ; 
in common use in the German Uni- 
versities to designate tradesmen, etc. 

Philosopher's Stone, The. A sub- 
stance for which the alchemists were 
always searching ; it was to turn 
the other metals into gold. 

Pleiad, The French. Seven 16th- 
century poets, Tiz. : Ronsard, 
Joachim du Bellay, Remi-Belleau, 
Jodelle, Baif, Pontus de Thiard, 
Dorat. 

Plon Plon. A nickname of Prince 
Napoleon J. C. Bonaparte. 

Plumed Knight, The. Nickname 
of J. G. Blaine, American states- 
ma*. 

Plymouth Hock. A rock at Plym- 
outh, Mass., where the Pilgrims are 
thought to have landed in 1620. 

Poet's Corner. A corner in West- 
minster Abbey where Chaucer, Spen- 
ser, and other poets are buried. 
Poetical column of newspapers. 

Pons Asinorum. .(The bridge of 
asses.) The 5th proposition of the 
1st Book of Euclid's Geometry ; diffi- 
cult to dunces. 

Poor Richard. Benjamin Franklin. 

Forkopolis. The nickname of Cin- 
cinnati. 

Prater, The. The fashionable prom- 
enade of Vienna, Austria. 

Phoenix. A fabulous bird, said to 
live 500 years, when it burns itself 
on a nest of spices, and renews its 
life 500 years more. 

Pied Piper of Hamelin, The. He 
was offered a reward to drive out 
the rats and mice from Hamelin in 
Westphalia ; which he did by draw- 
ing them into the river by the sound 
of his pipe. The authorities refus- 
ing to pay him the reward, he piped 



the children of the town into Kop- 
pelberg Hill, where 130 of them died* 

Pigeon English. English, Chinese, 
and Portuguese mixed ; used in busi- 
ness affairs in China. 

Pre-Raphaelites. A name given to 
the English school of artists, com- 
prising Hunt, Millais, etc. 

Protestant Duke, The. The Duke 
of Monmouth, natural son of Charles 
' II. of England. 

Puke. Nickname of a Missourian. 

Pyramids. A number of remarkable 
ancient buildings in Egypt. The 
most famous are at'Gheezeh. 



Quaker City, The. Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

Quaker Poet, The. John G. Whit- 
tier. 

Quartier Liatin. (The Latin Quar* 
ter.) A region in Paris south of 
the Seine, whose population consists 
largely of students. 

Queen of the Antilles. The island 
of Cuba. 

R 

Railway King, The. George Hud- 
son, an Englishman, who made an 
immense fortune out of railway 
speculations. 

Red Letter Day. A fortunate day. 
In old calendars the saints' days 
were marked by a red letter. 

Ranz des Vaches. The tunes 
played by the Swiss mountaineers 
on their horns while driving their 
cattle to pasture. 

Rebellion, The Great. The war 
between Charles I. of England and 
Parliament. 

Rebellion, W^ar of the. The Civil 
War of the United States between 
the Southern and Northern States, 
1861-1865. 

Red Tape. Official routine. Law 
papers are tied with red tape. 

Reign of Terror. The time in the 
French Revolution from the over- 
throw of the Girondists, May 31, 
1793, to the overthrow of Robes- 
pierre, July 27, 1794. 

Reynard, the Fox. A beast epic 
of the 14th century. 

Rialto, The. A bridge over the 
Grand Canal, Venice. 



Familiar Allusions 



Zliglits, Declaration of. An in- 
strument drawn up after the Eng- 
lish Revolution of 1689, and ac- 
cepted by William and Mary. It 
summarizes the leading points of the 
English Constitution. Annual Par- 
liaments, trial by jury, free elec- 
tions, and the right of petition are 
secured. The crown is not to keep 
a standing army or to levy taxes. 

Roast, To rule the. To be at the 
head. Roast means council. (Ger- 
man rath.) 

Robert tlie Devil (le Diahle). 
First Duke of Normandy; called 
the Devil on account of his crimes. 

Robin Goodf ello-w. A mischievous 
domestic spirit. 

Roland, (A) for an Oliver. Tit 
for tat. Roland and Oliver, two 
of Charlemagne's peers, fought five 
days without gaining the slightest 
advantage over each other. 

Romantic Scbool. A term applied 
to a number of German poets and 
painters in the beginning of the 19th 
century. They aimed at a truly na- 
tional German literature, independ- 
ent of French influence. 

Romantic Scbool, in France, the 
poets and dramatists, of whom Vic- 
tor Hugo was the last survivor. 
They aimed at the natural in dis- 
tinction from the classical, i. e., con- 
ventional. 

Roscius, Tbe British. David Gar- 
rick. 

Rough and Ready. General Zach- 
ary Taylor. 

Round Robin. Petition with "signa- 
tures in a circular form. 

Round Table, in the Arthurian 
legends, was made by Merlin ; 
Arthur's 150 knights of the Round 
Table had seats at it. 

Roundheads. The Puritans, who 
wore short hair. 

Royal Martyr, The. Charles I. of 
England. 

Royal Society, The. A society for 
the advancement of natural science, 
founded at London in 1645. 

Rozinante. The horse of Don 
Quixote ; hence a miserable nag. 

ttubicon. To pass the. To take an 
irretrievable step. The Rubicon 
separated Italy from Cisalpine Gaul, 
Csesar's province. When he crossed 
be became an enemy of the Republic. 



Rule Britannia. An English song 
the words of which are by Thomp 
son, author of The Seasons, and the 
music is by Dr. Arne. 

Rump Parliament. What was left 
of Parliament in 1648, after Crom- 
well had imprisoned and driven out 
the others for refusing to condemn 
Charles I. 

Rye House Plot. A conspiracy in 
1683 to assassinate Charles II. and 
the Duke of York. The conspirators 
met at Rye House Farm. 



Sabbath Day^s Journey. About 
one mile. See Exodus xvi. 29. 

Sack. To get the sack; to be dis- 
charged. When the Sultan wants 
to get rid of one of his harem, he 
puts her in a sack, which is thrown 
into the Bosphorus. 

Sadducees. Jewish sect disbelieving 
the resurrection of the dead. 

Sagas. Scandinavian books contain- 
ing the Northern mythology. 

Sailor King, The. William IV.. of 
England, entered the navy 1779. 

Saint Bartholomew, Massacre of. 
Massacre of the French Huguenots, 
in the reign of Charles IX., on St. 
Bartholomew's Day, Aug. 24-25, 
1572. 

Saint Cloud. Once a famous French 
palace near the Seine ; destroyed in 
the Franco-Prussian war. 

Saint James, The Court o£. The 
English Court ; so called from the 
palace of St. James, formerly a 
royal residence in London. 

St. Mark's. The famous cathedral 
of Venice, Italy. 

Saint Paul's. The cathedral of 
London, designed by Wren. 

Saint Peter's. The metropolitan 
church of Rome ; the most splendid 
in the world. Area, 240,000 square 
feet. 

Saint Sophia. A mosque in Con- 
stantinople, Turkey ; the finest of 
Mohammedan temples. 

Saint Stephen's. A famous Gothic 
cathedral at Vienna, Austria. 

Salt River. Oblivion, ruin. Gone 
up Salt River; forgotten. 

Sambo. A general nickname for a 
colored man ; the colored race. 

Sanctum. (Holy.) One's private 
room or office, as an editor's sane- 



981 



Familiar Allusions 



turn. The Sanctum Sanctorum 
(holy of holies) in the Jewish Tem- 
ple was inaccessible to any one but 
the high priest. 

Sandwich. A piece of meat between 
two pieces of bread. The English 
Earl of Sandwich used to take that 
form of refreshment. 

Sang Bleu. (Blue blood.) High, 
aristocratic descent. 

Sanhedrim. The Jewish court of 
seventy elders. 

Sans Culottes. (Without trousers.) 
A nickname given by the Royalists 
to the French Revolutionists. 

Sans Souci. Palace of Frederick 
the Great, at Potsdam, near Berlin. 

Santa Croce. (Holy Cross.) A 
church in Florence, Italy; the 
burial-place of Michael Angelo, Gal- 
ileo, Machiavelli, etc. 

Satanic School. A name sometimes 
applied to some modern writers, sup- 
posed to entertain irreligious ideas, 
such as Byron, Shelley, Victor 
Hugo, Swinburne, Rousseau, George 
Sand. 

Saturnalia. A period of disorder 
and debauch. The Romans kept the 
Saturnalia, or feast of Saturn, Dec. 
17, 18, and 19. 

Schoolmen. The mediaeval theolo- 
gians, whose lectures were delivered 
in the cathedral scJiools. 

Scotland Yard. The headquarters 
of the London police. 

Scourge o£ God, Tho. Atilla, king 
of the Huns. 

Scratch, Old. The Devil; from 
Scrat, a Northern familiar demon. 

Scylla. Avoiding Scylla, he fell into 
Charytdis. In trying to avoid one 
danger he fell into another. Scylla 
and Charybdis were two opposite 
rocks in the Straits of Messina, 
Italy. 

Sea-girt Isle, The. England, which 
is surrounded by the ocean. 

Secessia. Nickname of the seceding 
Southern States, 1861-1865. 

Secular Games. The games held by 
the Romans once in a century. 

Seltzer Water. Water from the 
Lower Selters, Germany. 

Semiramis of the North. Cathe- 
rine II., Empress of Russia. 

September Massacres. The mas- 
sacre of the French Royalist pris- 



oners in Paris, Sept. 2, 3, and 4, 
1792. About 8,000 were killed. 

Septuagint. A Greek version of the 
Old Testament ; so called because 
there were 70 (septuaginta) re- 
visers. (There were really 72.) 

Seven-hilled City, The. Rome, 
which was built on seven h-':s. 

Seven Wonders of the World. 
The Pyramids of Egypt ; the Templa 
of Diana at Ephesus ; the Hanging 
Gardens of Babylon ; the Colossus, 
at Rhodes ; the Mausoleum at Hali- 
carnassus ; the statue of Zeus, by 
Phidias, at Olympia ; and the Pharos 
(lighthouse) of Alexandria in 
Egypt. 

Seven Years' War. The war of 
Frederick the Great against Aus- 
tria, France, and Russia, 1756-1763. 

Shamrock. The national emblem of 
Ireland, because St. Patrick proved 
with it the doctrine of the Trinity. 

Shibboleth. The password of a 
secret society ; a countersign. W^hen 
the Ephraimites, who had been 
routed by Jephthah, tried to pass 
the Jordan, they were made to pro- 
nounce the word Shi'b'boleth; they 
pronounced it Silljoleth, and were 
thus detected. 

Sich Man, The. The Ottoman Em- 
pire ; so called by the Czar Nicholas 
of Russia. 

Sinews of War, The. Money, 
which hires men to fight. 

Single-Speech Hamilton. W. G. 
Hamilton, an English statesman of 
the 18th century, never made but 
one speech ; the one he did make was 
surprisingly eloquent. 

Six Hundred, Charge of the. A 
charge on the Russians by the Brit- 
ish light cavalry, 670 strong, at the 
battle of Balaclava, Oct. 25, 1854. 
Result of a mistake as to orders. 
See Tennyson's poem. 

Sleeping Beauty, The, was shut by 
enchantment in a castle ; after a 
sleep of 100 years, she is rescued 
by and marries a young prince. 

Smell of the Lamp. A too labored 
literary work. Pytheas first applied 
the phrase to the orations of Demos- 
thenes, who studied constantly in a 
cave lighted by a lamp. 

Song of Roland. An old French 
epic recounting the deaths of Oliver 
and Roland at Roncesvalles, 



982 



Familiar Allusions 



Sorbonne, The. A Parisian univer- 
sity founded in the 13th century by 
Robert de Sorbonne. Once famous 
for theological discussions. 

Sortes Biblicae. Telling one's 
fortune by consulting the Bible. 
The first passage touched at random 
by the finger is the decisive passage. 

Soutli Kensington Museuta. A 
collection of vrorks of art, manu- 
factures, etc., in London. 

Soutli Sea Bubble, Tbe. About 
1710 a company was formed in Eng- 
land to pay the national debt, taking 
in return the sole privilege of trad- 
ing in the South Seas. The scheme 
collapsed (about 1720), ruining 
thousands of persons. 

Spanish Main. The northern coast 
of South America. 

Sphinx. A monument near Cairo, 
Egypt ; half vroman, half lion ; an 
emblem of silence and mystery, 

Stabat Mater. A famous Latin 
hymn on the crucifixion. 

Stalwart. A follower of the Repub- 
lican party in the United States, 
who firmly adheres to the principles, 
methods and rules of his party. In 
contradistinction to the "Half- 
Breeds," applied to Republicans un- 
willing to be dictated to by the so- 
called "Machine," meaning the po- 
litical organization controlled by 
party leaders. 

Star Chamber. A former English 
civil and criminal court with juris- 
diction over offenses whose punish- 
ment was not provided for by law. 

**StonewaU" Jackson. Gen. 
Thomas J. Jackson, a famous tCon- 
federate general in the late Civil 
War of the United States. 

Strassburg Cathedral. At Strass- 
burg ; one of the noblest works of 
Gothic architecture ; 468 ft. high ; 
containing a wonderful clock. 

Swedish Nightingale. Jenny Lind 
( Mme. Goldschmidt ) . 



Tabooed. Prohibited ; from a Poly- 
nesian word Meaning consecrated, 
devoted. Applied to anything out 
of date or in bad taste. 

Tammany Hall. A section of the 
Democratic party in New York 
city ; Tammany Hall is the building 
■where they meet. 



Tammany Ring (also called the 
Tweed Ring, and, generally, the 
Ring). A corrupt set of New York 
city officials who stole large sum3 
from the city. They were exposed 
in 1871. 

Tammany, St. The patron saint o 
the Democratic party in New York. 
He was an Indian cnief ; how made 
a saint, does not appear. The prin- 
cipal ofiicer of the Tammany So' 
ciety is called Grand Sachem. 

Tapis, On the. On the carpet ; 
proposed, in discussion. So called 
from the tapis or cloth on the coun- 
cil table, or speaker's table, on 
which motions, bills, etc., are laid. 

Temple Bar, in London, w^as a stone 
house above which the heads of 
traitors were formerly exposed. It 
was removed in 1878. 

Termagant. A shrew; originally 
the name of a Saracen god. The 
word was formerly applied to both 
sexes. 

Terra Firma. Dry land as distin- 
guished from water. 

Tertium Quid. A third person or 
party that shall be nameless. 

Theatre Frangais. A theatre in 
Paris devoted to the production of 
the classic and the .best modern 
French drama. Celebrated for the 
excellence of its company of actors. 

Theleme, Abbey of. The abbey 
founded by Gargantua in Rabelais' 
Gargantua. Its motto was "Do as 
you please." 

Thirty Years' W^ar, The, was be- 
tween the Catholics and Protestants, 
in Germany, 1618-1648. 

Thistle. The national emblem of 
Scotland. According to tradition, 
the Danes were attempting to sur- 
prise an encampment of the Scotch 
one night, and had come very near 
it without bei^g observed. A Dane 
trod on a thistle, cried out with 
pain, and the Scotch were aroused, 
and defeated their assailants, where- 
upon the thistle was made the in- 
signia of Scotland. 

Thor, in Scandinavian mythology, is 
the god of war, son of Odin. 

Threadneedle Street, The Old 
Lady of. The Bank of England 
in Threadneedle Street, London. 

Three Estates o£ the Realm. The 
nobility, the clergy, and the com- 



Familiar Allusions 



monalty, represented in the two 
Houses of Parliament. 

Thunderer, The. A nickname given 
to the London Times. 

Tick, On. On credit; for on ticket. 
Ticket was formerly used for a 
promissory note. 

Tit for Tat. An equivalent. Said 
to be the Dutch dit vor dat, this for 
that. 

Tom Thumb. The famous American 
dwarf, Stratton. 

Tory. The name of the great Eng- 
lish party whose place is to a cer- 
tain extent taken by the Conserva- 
tives. Said to come from toruigh, 
a robber. Whig and Tory were 
originally terms of reproach. 

Tour, The Grand. From England 
through France, Switzerland, Italy, 
to Germany and home. All aristo- 
cratic families used to send their 
sons on the grand tour. 

Tower, The. The citadel of London, 
on the Thames. 

Transfiguration, The. The most 
famous of Raphael's pictures, now 
in the Vatican. Represents the 
miraculous change of Christ on the 
mount. 

Trimmer. A person who takes a 
moderate course in politics. First 
applied as a term of reproach to the 
great Halifax, who was not vio- 
lently attached to any political 
party. 

Trinity Church. A famous Epis- 
copal church on Broadway, at the 
head of Wall Steet, New York city. 
The richest church in America. 

Triple Alliance, The. The alliance 
of Great Britain, Holland, and 
Sweden, in 1668, against Louis XIV. 
of France. 

Trouabdours. Provencal poets, 
from the 11th to the 14th century. 

Trouveres. Northern French poets, 
1100-1400. 

Trumpet. To sound one's own 
Trumpet, i. e., to boast. The com- 
ing of the knights into the list used 
to be announced by the heralds with 
a flourish of trumpets. 

Tuft-hunter. A toady. At Oxford 
University a nobleman is called a 
tuft, because of the gold tuft on his 
college cap. 

Tuileries. A French royal palace, 
burned by the Commune in 1871. 



Tulip Mania. A 17th-century Eu- 
ropean craze for buying tulip bulbs. 
Holland was the great seat of it. 

Tune that the old cow died of. 

Words instead of alms. In the old 
song, a man who has nothing on 
which to feed his cow plays her 
this tune, "Consider, good cow. con- 
sider. This isn't the time for grass 
to grow." Also applied to inhar- 
monious tunes. 
Tyburn. Once a London place of 
execution. The site is now occupied 
by Grosvenor Square and Portman 
Square, and called Tyburnia, a 
wealthy and fashionable quarter. 



Uffizi. A building in Florence con- 
taining a celebrated art collection. 

TJltramontanes. The extreme 
"high" Roman Catholics. The word, 
which means "beyond the moun- 
tains," was first used in France of 
those Catholics who ascribe every- 
thing to the Pope "beyond the 
Alps," in contradistinction to the 
Galileans who insist upon a self- 
governing national church. 

Underground Railroad. A phrase 
which expressed all the means used 
to further the escape of runaway 
slaves in America. 

Under the Rose. ( Sub rosa. ) Con- 
fidentially. The rose was consid- 
ered by the ancients an emblem of 
secrecy. 

Unknown, The Great. First ap- 
plied to Sir Walter Scott ; so called 
on account of the anonymous pub- 
lication of the Waverley novels. 

Unlicked Cub. An awkward, ill- 
bred boy. The bear cub was said 
to be out of shape till its dam licked 
it into shape. 

Unter den Linden. (Under the 
Linden.) A famous street in Ber- 
lin, Prussia; it has four rows of 
lime trees. 

Unwashed, The Great. The mob; 
first used by Edmund Burke. 

Upas Tree. An object that exerts 
a hurtful influence. There was a 
tradition that a noisome river rose 
in a upas tree in Java, the vapor 
of which was a deadly poison. 

Upper Ten Thousand. The aris- 
tocracy ; fashionable society. A 
phrase first used by N. P. Willis* 



984 



Familiar Allusions 



(Jtilitarians. Those who believe 
that utility, i. e., the fitness of a 
thing to promote human happiness, 
is the proper standard of morality. 

Utopia. (No Place.) The imagi- 
nary island which Sir Thomas More 
makes the scene of his romance of 
Utopia; an ideal commonwealth. 
Hence the adjective Utopian, i. e. 
visionary, impracticable. 



Valhalla. In Scandinavian mythol- 
ogy, the palace where dwell the 
heroes slain in battle. 

Vampire. An extortioner. The 
vampire is a dead man who returns 
to life in the night, and sucks the 
blood of persons asleep. 

Vatican. The palace of the Popes, 
on the bank of the Tiber, Rome. 

Vatican, Council of tlie. The 
CEcumenical 'Council which met in 
1869, and promulgated the doctrine 
of Papal Infallibility. 

Vedas. The four sacred books of 
the Hindu religion. 

Veni, Vidi, Vici, (''I came, I saw, 
I conquered.") The phrase with 
which Julius Csesar announced his 

. victory at Zela. 

Venus de Medici. A celebrated 
Greek statue at Florence ; attrib- 
uted to Cleomenes, a sculptor of the 
2nd century B. c. 

Venus of Milo. Considered the most 
beautiful of Greek statues ; found 
in the Island of Melos in 1820. It 
is now in the Louvre. 

Verbum Sap. A word to the wise ; 
for verhum sapienti. 

Veronica. A relic at St. Peter's, 
Rome, said to be the handkerchief 
on which Jesus wiped his brow on 
his way to Calvary. It is said to 
contain the true likeness (Vera 
icon) of our Saviour. 

Versailles. A splendid palace at 
Versailles, 10 miles from Paris. 

Vespers, The Sicilian. The mas- 
sacre of the French in Sicily by the 
Sicilians, March 30, 1282. The 
sounding of the vesper bell was the 
signal for the massacre. 

Via Dolorosa. (The way of pain.) 
The way by which the Lord went 
from the Mount of Olives to Gol- 
gotha. 

Vinegar Bible, Tbe, printed at Ox- 



ford, 1767, has vinegar for vineyard 
in the headline of Luke xxii. 

Virgin Queen, The. Queen Eliza- 
beth of England. 

Vitus, St. St. Vitus' dance is so 
called because St. Vitus was thought 
to have control of hysterical com* 
plaints. 

W 

Wabash Avenue. A street in Chi' 
cago, noted for fine buildings. 

Wall of China, The. A wall 1,200 
miles long and 20 feet high, built 
by the Chinese in the 3d century 
B. c. as a protection against the 
Tartar invasions. 

Wall Street. The great financial 
street of New York. Most of the 
bankers and brokers are on this 
street or in its vicinity. 

Wallack's. A famous ^ew York 
theatre, conducted by J. Lester Wal- 
lack. 

Walton. An Izaak Walton. An 
angler. Izaak Walton published his 
Complete Angler in 1655. 

Wandering Jew, The. A famous 
personage in mediaeval legend. Our 
Saviour, wearied with carrying his 
cross, is said to have stopped before 
the house of one Ahasuerus, a cob- 
bler, who pushed him off, saying, 
"Away with you." Jesus answered, 
*T go away, but thou shalt tarry 
till I come." Ahasuerus wandered 
over the world, seeking death, but 
condemned to live till the coming 
of our Lcrd. The Wandering Jew 
was seen from time to time in Eu- 
rope. His last recorded appearance 
was late in the 18th century, in 
Belgium. According to another 
legend, the Wandering Jew's name 
was Kartophilus, the doorkeeper of 
the Hall of Judgment. He struck 
our Saviour, telling him to go faster. 

War of 1812. Between Great Brit- 
ain and the United States, 1812-15. 

War of the Roses. The English 
civil wars, between the houses of 
York and Lancaster, in the 14th and 
15th centuries. The red rose was 
the symbol of Lancaster, the white 
rose of York. See Shake^eare's 
I. Henry VI. II. 4. 

Ward, Artemus. Pseudonym of the 
American humorist, C. F. Browne 



985 



Familiar Allusions 



Washington Street. The principal 

business street of Boston, Mass. 

Wassail. An old Saxon salutation, 
"What, hail !" The wassail bowl 
is the bowl of spiced ale used on 
New Year's Day. 

Wat. A hare, from his wattles, i. e. 
long ears. 

Waters, The Father cf . The Mis- 
sissippi River (said to be a transla- 
tion of the Indian name). 

Watling Street. A road across 
Southern Britain from Dover to 
Cardigan ; a corruption of Vitellina 
Strata, "the street of Vitellin." The 
Milky Way was called Watling 
Street by the English peasantry. 

Ways and Means, Committee of 
the. A most important Committee 
of the American House of Repre- 
sentatives, charged with devising the 
methods by which money for the 
current expenses of the Government 
is to be supplied. 

Wedding. The first anniversary of 
a wedding is called a paper wed- 
ding, the gifts being paper articles ; 
the fifth, wooDEisr ; the tenth, tin ; 
the fifteenth, crystal ; twenty-fifth, 
silver; fiftieth, golden; seventy- 
fifth, DIAMOND. 

Well of St. Keyne. A well in Corn- 
wall whose virtue is such that who- 
ever of a married couple first tastes 
its waters will "wear the breeches" 
in the household. 

Westminster Abbey. The cele- 
brated abbey-church of London, 
where many of the illustrious dead 
of England are buried. 

Wetherell, Fliazbeth. Pseudonym 
of the American novelist. Miss 
Susan Warner, author of The Wide, 
Wide World. 

Whig, Once the name of great polit- 
ical parties in England and the 
United States. The term is said to 
come from Whiggamore, a Scotch 
(•Celtic) word for a thief, a free- 
booter. The Marquis of Argyle col- 
lected a troop of these thieves to 
oppose some measures of James I., 
and finally the epithet Whig was ap- 
plied to all opponents of the Gov- 
ernment. The Whigs at the Eng- 
lish Revolution opposed the govern- 
ment of James II. The Whig party 
in America favored a protective 
tariff, and a United States bank. 



Gen. Scott was their last candidate 
for President (1852). 

Whistle. To pay too dearly fob 
THE WHISTLE. Dr. Franklin tells 
a story of buying a whistle, when 
a boy, for four times its value. 
Hence, something which does not 
equal our expectations, though 
costly. 

White Elephant. Something you 
don't know what to do with. The 
king of Siam sends a white elephant 
to a courtier whose fortune he 
wishes to destroy. 

White Feather, To show the. To 
display cowardice. A white feather 
in a bird marks a cross breed, and 
is not found on a game-cock. 

White House. The residence of the 
President of the United States at 
Washington; so called from its 
color. 

White Stone. A day to BE marked 
WITH A WHITE STONE is a day to be 
pleasantly remembered. The ancient 
Romans marked a lucky day on the 
calendar with a white stone; an un- 
lucky day with charcoal. 

Whiteboys. A secret organization | 
who engaged in "agrarian outrages" 
in Ireland in 1789; so called from 
wearing white shirts. 

Whitehall. A region in Westmin- 
ster, London, where the royal palace 
formerly stood. 

Wild Huntsman, The. In German 
legend a spectral huntsman in the 
Black Forest. The English name 
is "Heme the Hunter." 

Windmills, To fight with. To op- 
pose imaginary objects ; to fight 
with crotchets. The phrase comes 
from Don Quixote's adventure in 
assailing windmills, which he mis- 
took for giants. 

Windsor Castle. Famous royal 
castle and residence near London. 

Wise Men of the East, The. The 
three Magi who were guided by the 
star of Bethlehem to our Saviour's 
birthplace. 

W^itch of Endor, The. A sooth- 
sayer who, at the request of Saul, 
invoked the ghost of Samuel, who 
foretold the death of Saul. 

Witch-Hazel. A forked hazel twig 
used for finding witches ; still in use 
to find a suitable place for digging 
a well. 



aKR 



Familiar Allusions 



Witches' Sabbath. The nightly 
meeting of witches and demons. 

Wooden. Horse, The. After the 
death of Hector, the Greeks besieg- 
ing Troy built a gip-antie wooden 
horse, pretending that it was an 
offering to the gods to insure a safe 
return to Greece. The horse was 
filled with Greek warriors ; the 
Trojans dragged it into the city, 
and at night the Greeks came out 
of the horse, opened the city gates 
to their companions, and sacked the 
town. 

Woolsack, To sit on the. To be 
Lord Chancellor of England. His 
seat in the House of Lords is called 
the woolsack, an armless, backless 
bag of wool. 

Wyoming Massacre. A band of 
British and Indians ravaged the val- 
ley of Wyoming in 1778. 



Xanthos. The horse of Achilles in 

the Trojan war; like Balaam's ass, 

prophetic. 
Xantippe. A shrew. She was the 

wife of Socrates, and an intolerable 

scold. 



Tahoo* A rowdy; a brutal, ill-bred 
man. The Yahoos in Swift's Gulli- 
ver's Travels are brutes with the 
shapes of men. 

Tankee. An American. The word 
is used in America itself as a nick- 
name of persons born in the New 
England States. The usual account 
of the introduction of the word is 
this : Jonathan Hastings, a Cam- 
bridge, Mass., farmer, in the 18th 
century, used it as an epithet de- 
noting excellence, as "Yankee cider,'* 
». e. good, home-made cider. The 
word was taken up by the students 
of Harvard College, and gradually 
spread through the country. This 
is doubtful. The word is probably 
a corrupted Indian form of Eng- 
lish. 

Yankee Doodle. An American na- 
tional air. 

Yarmouth Bloater. A red herring. 



Yarmouth, England, is noted for 
tbem. 

Yello'w Jack. A cant term for the 
yellow fever. The Yellow Jack is 
the flag over vessels in quarantine^ 
marine hospitals, etc. 

Yggdrasil. In Scandinavian mythol= 
ogy, an ash-tree, whose roots run 
to heaven, to the under-world, and 
to the Frost Giants. The serpent 
Nithoggr gnaws its roots. 

Young Anierica. American boys 
and girls ; the younger generation, 
supposed to be very irreverent. 

Young Chevalier. Charles Edward 
Stuart, the second or young Pre- 
tender to the throne of Great Brit- 
ain (1720-88). 

Young Germany. The literary 
school of Heinrich Heine, and his 
followers. 

Yosemite Valley, in California, 
famous for its natural scenery ; also 
a well-known picture by the Amer- 
ican artist, Bierstadt. 

Yule. Christmas. The "turn" of 
the sun at the winter solstice. 

Yule-log. An immense log of wood 
put across the fire on the hearth at 
Christmas. 



Zend Avesta. The old Persian scrip 
tures. It is written in the Zend 
language. Avesta means "the liv- 
ing word." 

Zodiac. An imaginary belt in the 
heavens, divided into 12 equal parts 
of 30 degrees each, with a sign for 
each part. The six signs north of 
the equator are: Aries, "the ram;" 
Taurus, "the bull ;" Gemini, "the 
twins;'' Cancer, "the crab;" Leo, 
"the lion;" Virgo, "the virgin." 
The six signs south of the eauator 
are: Lilra, "the balance ;" Scorpio, 
"the scorpion ;" Sagittarius, "the 
archer;" Gapricornus, "the goat;" 
Aquarius, "the water-carrier;" and 
Pisces, "the fishes." The first six 
are summer signs, the next three 
autumn signs, the last three winter 
signs. 

Zollverein. A commercial associa- 
tion between the German States tc 
maintain the same tariff rates. 



981 



Famous Characters in Poetry and 

Prose. 



iLbdlel, the angel who opposed Satan, 
and remained faithful when he re- 
volted. 

Abigail, a common name for a wait- 
ing-maid. See I. Sam. xxv. 3. 

Ablewbite, Godfrey, a sneak in 
Wilkie Collins' "The Moonstone." 

Abon Hassan, a character in the 
"Arabian Nights," who is duped for 
a short time into believing himself 
Caliph. 

Absalom, in Dryden's "Absalom and 
Achitophel ;" the Duke of Mon- 
mouth, natural son of Charles II. 

Absolute, Captain, a gallant, high- 
spirited character in Sheridan's 
"The Rivals." 

Absolute, Sir Antbony, father of 
the above, an irascible but generous 
character in "The Rivals." 

Acbitopbel, the Earl of Shaftes- 
bury in Dryden's "Absalom and 
Achitophel." 

Acres, Bob, whose "courage oozes out 
at his fingers' ends," a character 
in "The Rivals." 

Acrasia, in Spenser's "Faery Queen," 
a witch, the personification of In- 
temperance. 

Adam Bell, a famous archer, cele- 
brated in many old ballads. 

Adams, Parson, a learned, good, 
eccentric, simple divine in Fielding's 
"Joseph Andrews." 

Adriana, the wife of Antipholus, in 
"Comedy of Errors." 

Ague-cheek, Sir Andrexr, a foolish 
knight in Shakespeare's "Twelfth 
Night." 

Aladdin, the hero of the "Arabian 
Nights" tales, possessed of a won- 
derful ring and lamp. 

Allwortby, Squire, a benevolent 
character in Fielding's "Tom Jones." 

Alp, the hero of Byron's "Siege of 
Corinth." 

Ajuadis de Gaul, the bero of a \7ide- 



spread romance of Portuguese 

origin. 

Amelia, the heroine of Fielding's 
novel of that name. Drawn from 
Fielding's wife. 

Amine, a wicked woman in the 
"Arabian Nights,'* who leads her 
three sisters as hounds in a leash. 

Amlet, Bicbard, a gambler in Van- 
brugh's "Confederacy." 

Amri, in Dryden's "Absalom and 
Achitophel," Sir H. Finch. 

Andrews, Josepb, the hero of Field- 
ing's novel of that name ; brave and 
pure. 

Anerley, Mary, the heroine of 
Blackmore's novel of that name. 

Apemantus, a cynic in Shakespeare's 
"Timon of Athens." 

Arden, Enocb, the hero of Tenny- 
son's poem of that name. 

Argante, a giantess in Spenser's 
"Faery Queen." 

Ariel, a spirit in Shakespeare's 
"Tempest." 

Artful Dodger, a bright young thief 
in Dickens' "Oliver Twist." 

Artbur, King, a legendary British 
king, famous in romance, celebrated 
by Tennyson. 

Asbton, Lucy, the heroine of Scott's 
"Bride of Lammermoor." 

Atalanta, one of Diana's maids, 
skilled as an archer, the heroine of 
Swinburne's "Atalanta in Calydon." 

Atbelstane, Tbe Unready, a Saxon 
thane in Scott's "Ivanhoe." 

Autolycus, "a snapper up of uncon- 
sidered trifles," in Shakespeare's 
"The Winter's Tale." 



Baba, All, a character in the 
"Arabian Nights," who, having over- 
heard "sesame," the password of 
the Forty Thieves, opens their cave, 

Baba, Cassim, brother of the above, 
forgets the password. 



famous Characters in Poetry and Prose 



Backbite, Sir Benjamin, a slan- 
derous character in Sheridan's 
*'SchooI for Scandal." 

Bagstock, Joe, a pompons, boastful 
character in Dickens' "Dombey and 
Son." He always speaks of himself 
in the third person, as "Joey B.," 
"J. B.," "Old Joey," "Josh," etc. 

Bailey, Young, a precocious youth, 
servant, etc., in Dickens' "Martin" 
Chuzzlewit." 

Balderstone, Caleb, the Master of 
Ravenswood's butler, in Scott's 
"Bride of Lammermoor." 

Balthazar, a merchant in Shakes- 
peare's "Comedy of Errors." 

Balthazar, a servant in Shakespeare's 
"Much Ado About Nothing." 

Banquo, a chieftain in Shakespeare's 
"Macbeth," murdered by Macbeth. 

Bardell, Mrs., a widow who sues Mr. 
Pickwick for breach of promise in 
Dickens' "Pickwick Papers." 

Bardolph, a red-nosed follower of 
Falstaff in Shakespeare's "Henry 
IV." 

Barkis, an eccentric character in 
Dickens' "David Copperfield;" his 
form of proposal was, "Barkis is 
willin'." 

Bath, Major, a pompous person in 
Fielding's "Amelia." 

Bayes, the hero of the Duke of Buck- 
ingham's play of "The Rehearsal," 
a satire upon the poet Dryden. 

Baynes, Charlotte, Philip's sweet- 
heart in Thackeray's "Philip." 

Bede, Adam, the hero of George 
Eliot's novel of that name. 

Belch, Sir Toby, the bibulous uncle 
of Olivia in Shakespeare's "Twelfth 
Night." 

Belford, the friend of Lovelace in 
Richardson's "Clarissa Harlowe." 

Belinda, the heroine of Pope's "Rape 
of the Lock." 

Bell, liaura, finally marries Arthur 
in Thackeray's "Pendennis." 

Bell, Peter, the hero of Words- 
worth's poem of that name. 

Bellaston, Lady, a woman of gal- 
lantry in Fielding's "Tom Jones." 

Bellenden, !Lady, a Tory gentle- 
woman in Scott's "Old Mortality." 

Belphoebe, in Spenser's "Faery 
Queen," a portrait of Queen Eliza- 
beth. 

Belvidera, the heroine of Otway's 
"Venice Preserved." 



Benedict, a humorous gentleman in 
Shakespeare's "Love's Labor Lost," 
finally married to Beatrice. 

Bennet, Mrs., a woman of gallantry 
in Fielding's "Amelia." 

Benvolio, in Shakespeare's "Romeo 
and Juliet," the friend of Romeo, 
and nephew of old Montague. 

Bertram, the hero of Shakespeare's 
"All's Well that Ends Well." He 
marries Helena. 

Bianca, Cassio's mistress in Shake- 
speare's "Othello." 

Birch, Harvey, the hero of Cooper's 
"Spy." 

Blifil, a sneak in Fielding's "Tom 
Jones," nephew of Mr. Allworthy. 

Blimber, Miss Cornelia, a prim 
and grim classical teacher in "Dom- 
bey and Son," subsequently Mrs. 
Feeder, B.A. 

Bobadil, Captain, a swaggering 
poltroon in Ben Jonson's "Every 
Man In His Humor." 

Boeuf, Front de, a ferocious fol- 
lower of King John in Scott's "Ivan- 
hoe." 

Boffin, Noddy, a good-natured, igno- 
rant ex-servant in Dickens' "Oup 
Mutual Friend." 

Bois, Guilbert, Brian de, preceptor 
of the Knights Templars in Scott's 
"Ivanhoe." 

Boniface, a landlord in Farquhar's 
"Beaux' Stratagem," hence, gener- 
ally for a landlord. 

Booby, Lady, plays Potiphar's wife 
to Joseph Andrew's Joseph in Field- 
ing's "Joseph Andrews." 

Booth, the hero of Fielding's 
"Amelia," husband of Amelia, said 
to be Fielding. 

Bottom, Nick, the weaver-actor in 
Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's 
Dream," beloved of Titania. 

Bounderby, Josiah, a wealthy man- 
ufacturer and matter-of-fact man 
in Dickens' "Hard Times." 

Boivles, Tom, blacksmith and man- 
ufacturer in Bulwer's "Kenelm 
Chillingly." 

Bowline, Tom, a very nautical per- 
son in Smollett's "Roderick Ran- 
dom." 

Box and Cox, the heroes of Morton's 
farce of that name. 

Bradwardine, Baron, in Scott's 
"Waverley," father of Rose B. 

Bramble, Matthew, a very dyspep- 



989 



Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose 



tic person in Smollett's "Humphry 

Clinker." 
Brangtons, vulgarians in Miss Bur- 

ney's "Evelina." 
Brass, Sally and Sampson, sister 

and brother, shysters in Dickens' 

"Old Curiosity Shop." 
Brick, Jefferson, an American 

patriot in Dickens' "Martin Chuz- 

zlewit." 
Bridgenortli, Major Ralpli, prom- 
inent in Scott's "Peveril of the 

Peak." 
Bridget, Mrs., a remarkable lady in 

Sterne's "Tristram Shandy," 
Brown, Tom, the hero of Thomas 

Hughes' "Tom Brown at Oxford," 

etc. 
Bucket, Inspector, the detective in 

Dickens' "Bleak House." 
Bumble, the conceited beadle in Dick- 
ens' "Oliver Twist." 



Cains, Doctor, Welsh suitor of Anne 
Page's in the "Merry Wives of 
Windsor.'* 

Caliban, a monstrosity in Shakes- 
peare's "Tempest." 

Candor, Mrs., a slanderer in Sheri- 
dan's "The Rivals." 

Carker, a plausible scoundrel, man- 
aging clerk of Mr. Dombey in "Dom- 
bey and Son." 

Cassio, Othello's lieutenant in Shake- 
spear's "Othello." 

Caudle, Mrs., scold and heroine of 
Douglas Jerrold's "Curtain Lec- 
tures." 

Caustic, Colonel, satirical character 
in Mackenzie's "Lounger." 

Celia, cousin of Rosalind and daugh- 
ter of Frederick in Shakespeare's 
"As You Like It." 

Chadband, an oily, hypocritical 
preacher in Dickens' "Bleak House." 

Cbamont, leading male character in 
Otway's "The Orphans." 

CMllingly, Kenelm, hero of Bul- 
wer's novel of that name. 

Christabel. heroine of Coleridge's 
poem of that name. 

Christiana, wife of Christian in 
Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress." 

Cbuzzle-wit, Jonas, miser and mur- 
derer in Dickens' "Martin Chuzzle- 
wit." 

Ckuzzlexp-it, Martin, the selfish hero 
of Dickens' "Martin Chuzzlewit." 



Clare, Ada, ward of Jarndyce, wife 
of Carstone in Dickens' "Bleak 
House." • 

Clifford, Paul, highwayman hero of 
Bulwer's novel of that name. 

Clinker, Humphry, hero of Smol- 
lett's novel of that name. 

Coelebs, the hero of Hanna More's 
"Coelebs in Search of a. Wife." 

Coldstream, Sir Charles, hlase per- 
son in Mathew's "Used Up." 

Consuelo, heroine of George Sand's 
novel of that name. 

Copper Captain, The, the nickname 
of Perez, braggart and coward in 
Beaumont and Fletcher's "Rule a 
AVife and Have a Wife." 

Copperfield, David, the hero of 
Dickens' "David Copperfield." 

Cordelia, the youngest and faithful 
daughter of Lear in Shakespeare's 
"King Lear." 

Corinne, heroine of Mme. de Stael's 
romance of that name. 

Costigan, Captain, a bibulous and 
disreputable person in Thackeray's 
"Pendennis." 

Coverly, Sir Roger De, country 
gentleman in Addison's "Spectator." 

Crane, Ichabod, the schoolmaster in 
Irving's Legend of "Sleepy Hollow." 

Crawley, Rawdon, the husband of 
Becky Sharpe in Thackeray's "Van- 
ity Fair." 

Cressida, heroine of Shakespeare's 
"Troilus and Cressida," 

Crummies, Vincent, theatrical man- 
ager in Dickens' "Nicholas Nick- 
leby." 

Crusoe, Robinson, hero of De Foe's 
"Robinson Crusoe." 

Cuttle, Captain, simple nautical 
person in Dickens' "Dombey and 
Son." 

Cymbeline, a British king, whose 
name is preserved in Shakespeare's 
"Cymbeline." 



Dalgarno, Lord, a profligate young 
Scotch nobleman in Scott's "The 
Fortunes of Nigel." 

Davy, Shallow's servant in Shake- 
speare's "Second Part of Henry 
IV." 

Deans, Douce Davie, pious Presby- 
terian in Scott's "The Heart of Mid- 
Lothian ;" father of EfBe and Jeanie 



Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose 



Deans, E£B.e, a betrayed woman in 
the same. 

Deans, Jeanie, the heroine of the 
same. 

Dedlock, I<ady, proud, beautiful, and 
unfortunate character in Dickens' 
"Bleak House." 

Dedlock, Sir lieicester, husband of 
the above, narrow-minded but noble. 

Delamaine, Geoifrey, a muscular 
man in Wilkie Collins' "Man and 
Wife." 

Delpliine, heroine of Mme. de Stael's 
novel of that name. 

Deronda, Daniel, the hero of George 
Eliot's novel of that name. 

Desdemona, heroine of Shakepeare's 
"Othello," wife of Othello. 

Diddler, Jeremy, impecunious swin- 
dler in Kinny's farce of "Raising 
the Wind." 

Dimsdale, Rev. Arthur, the seducer 
of Hester Prynne in Hawthorne's 
"Scarlet Letter." 

Dods, Meg, the landlady in Scott's 
"St. Ronan's Well." 

Dodson and Fogg, shyster attorneys 
for Mrs. Bardell in Dickens' "Pick- 
wick Papers.". 

Dogberry, an absurd Mrs. Parting- 
ton constable in Shakespeare's 
"Much Ado About Nothing." 

Dombey, Florence, in "Dombey and 
Son," marries Walter Gay. 

Dombey, Mr., a proud, stern mer- 
chant in Dickens' "Dombey and 
Son." 

Dombey, Paul, sickly little son cf 
the above. 

Dominie, Sampson, eccentric school- 
master in Scott's "Guy Mannering." 

Don Quixote, the hero of Cervantes' 
romance of that name ; made insane 
by excessive reading of the romances 
of chivalry. 

Dora, David Copperfield's first and 
child wife in Dickens' "David Cop- 
perfield." 

Dorimant, the fashionable hero of 
Etherege's "The Man of Mode." 

Dorothea, the heroine of George Eli- 
ot's "Middlemarch." 

Dorrit, Edward, "the father of the 
Marshalsea," in Dickens' "Little 
Dorrit." 

Drawcansir, the bully in the Duke 
of Buckingham's "Rehearsal." 

Pulcinea del Toboso, a country 
maid, beloved of Don Quixote. 



Dundreary, Lord, an original in 
Taylor's "Our American Cousin." 



Edgar, legitimate son of Gloucester 
in Shakespeare's "King Lear." 

Edmund, natural son of Gloucester. 

Emilia, wife of lago in Shakespeare's 
"Othello." 

Escalus, associated with Angelo in 
the government in Shakespeare's 
"Measure for Measure." 

Esmond, Beatrix, the beautiful 
heroine of Thackeray's "Henry Es- 
mond." 

Esmond, Henry, the high-spirited 
and witty hero of that novel. 

Eugenia, the beautiful but unfortu- 
nate heroine of Hardy's "Return of 
the Native." 

Evangeline, heroine of Longfellow's 
poem of that name. 

Evans, Sir Hugh, a Welsh parson in 
Shakespeare's "Merry Wives of 
Windsor." 

Evelina, the heroine of Miss Burney's 
novel of that name. 

Eyre, Jane, the heroine of Charlotte 
Bronte's novel of that name. 



Fag, a lying servant in Sheridan's 
"The Rivals." 

Fagin, Jew thief, and receiver in 
Dickens' "Oliver Twist." 

Faithful, Jacob, the hero of Marry- 
att's novel of that name. 

Falkland, a jealous character in 
Sheridan's "The Rivals." 

Falstaff, Sir John, the greatest of 
Shakespeare's comic creations, in 
"Merry Wives of Windsor," and 
"Henry IV." 

Fanny, a pretty schoolmistress, hero- 
ine of Hardy's "Under the Green- 
wood Tree." 

Fat Boy, The, given to mincepies and 
sleep, in Dickens' "Pickwick Pa- 
pers." 

Faust, the hero of Goethe's poem of 
that name ; sells his soul to the devil. 

Feeble, one of Falstaff's "most forci- 
ble" recruits in Shakespeare's 
"Henry IV." 

Felton, Septimius, the hero of 
Hawthorne's romance of that name. 

Ferdinand, son of the King, marries 
Miranda in Shakespeare's "Tem- 
pest." 



991 



Famons Characters in Poetry and Prose 



Ferrers, Endymion, the hero of 
Disraeli's "Endymion." 

Figaro, the sfearp-witted hero of 
Beaumarchais' "Le Mariage de Fi- 
garo." 

Firmin, Philip, the hero of Thack- 
eray's "The Adventures of Philip." 

Florizel, the Prince of Bohemia in 
Shakespeare's "Winter's Tale." 

Flnellen, a pedantic Welsh captain 
Shakespeare's "Henry Y." 

Foker, Harry, a good-natured, sim- 
ple friend of Arthur's in Thack- 
ery's "Pendennis." 

Fondle-wife, a vexatious old fellow 
in €ongreve's "Old Bachelor." 

Foppington, Lord, a weak-brained 
fop in Yanbrugh's "The Relapse." 

Fosco, Count, a subtle, all-accom- 
plished villain, in Collins' "Woman 
in White." 

Frankenstein, a monstrous creation 
which gives its name to a romance 
by Mrs. Shelley. 

Friar Tuck, the jolly and inseparable 
companion of Robin Hood. 

Friday, Crusoe's servant and man in 
De Foe's "Robinson Crusoe." 



Gamp, Sarah, a nurse, talkative and 
bibulous in Dickens' "Martin Chuz- 
zlewit," the friend of Betsey Prig. 

Gargantua, the hero of Rabelais' 
work of that name. 

Gaunt, Griffith, husband of Kate, 
the nominal hero of Reade's "Grif- 
fith Gaunt." 

Gay, "Walter, nephew of Sol Gills, 
husband of Florence ' Dombey in 
Dickens' "Dombey and Son." 

Gibbie, Goose, a half-witted boy in 
Scott's "Old Mortality." 

Gil Bias, the hero of a celebrated 
novel of Spanish manners by Le 
Sage. 

Gills, Sol, nautical-instrument seller 
in Dickens's "Dombey and Son." 

Gilpin, John, a "London Citizen,'* 
whose ride is celebrated by Cowper. 

Ginevra, the heroine of a poem by 
Samuel Rogers. 

Gobbo, liauncelot, a merry servant 
in Shakespeare's "Merchant of Ven- 
ice." 

Goneril, Lear's eldest daughter in 
Shakespeare's "King Lear." 

U-onzalo, an honest old counselor in 
Shakespeare's "Tempest." 



Gosling, Giles, the landlord in 

Scott's "Kenilworth." 

Gradgrind Jeremiah, a lover of 
"facts'^ in Dickens' "Hard Times." 

Gradgrind, Louisa, daughter of the 
above, and wife of Josiah Boun- 
derby. 

Grandison, Sir Charles, the elab- 
orate hero of Richardson's novel of 
that name. 

Gray, "Vivian, the hero of Disraeli's 
novel of that name. 

Greaves, Sir Launcelot, the hero 
of a novel by Smollett. 

Grundy, Mrs., a character in Mor- 
ton's "Speed the Plough." 

Gulliver, Lemuel, the hero of 
Swift's "Gulliver's Travels." 
H 

Hamlet, the hero of Shakespeare's 
tragedy of that name. 

Harley, the hero of Mackenzie's "Man 
of Feeling." 

Harlowe, Clarissa, the unfortunate 
heroine of Richardson's novel of 
that name. 

Harris, Mrs., a non-existent person 
who is constantly referred to, and 
whose identity is stoutly asserted by 
Mrs. Gamp in Dickens' "Martin 
Chuzzlewit." 

Headstone, Bradley, a passionate 
schoolmaster in Dickens' "Our Mu- 
tual Friend." 

Heep, Uriah, a hypocritical sneak in 
Dickens' "David Copperfield." 

Helena, the heroine of Shakespeare's 
"All's Well that Ends Well." 

Hero, daughter of Leonato in Shake- 
speare's "Much Ado About Noth- 
ing." 

Hexam, Lizzie, in love with Wray- 
burn in Dickens' "Our Mutual 
Friend." 

Holofernes, a pedantic schoolmaster 
in Shakespeare's "As You Like It.'* 

Holt, Felix, the hero of George Eli- 
ot's novel of that name. 

Honeyman, Charles, a fashionable 
preacher in Thackeray's "New- 
comes." 

Honor, Mrs., .Sophia Western's wait- 
ing-woman in Fielding's "Tom 
Jones." 

Hopeful, a pilgrim in Bunyan*s 
"Pilgrim's Progress." 

Horatio, the "scholar" friend of 
Hamlet in Shakespeare's "Hamlet." 

Hoive, Miss, the friend of the hero 



992 



Famons CLiaracters in Poetry and Prose 



ine in Richardson's "Clarissa Har- 
lowe." 

Hudibras, the hero of Butler's poem 
of that name ; a model Presbyterian. 

Hunter, Mr. and Mrs. Leo, "lion" 
hunters in Dickens' "Pickwick Pa- 
pers." 



lago, the villain in Shakespeare's 
"Othello." 

Imogen, the heroine of Shakespeare's 
"Cymbeline." 

Isabella, the heroine of Shakespeare's 
"Measure for Measure." 

Ivanboe, the hero of Scott's novel of 
that name. 

J 

Jack, Colonel, the hero of De Foe's 
novel of that name. 

Jaffier, the hero of Otway's "Venice 
Preserved." 

Jaques, a melancholy philosopher in 
Shakespeare's "As You Like It." 

Jarndyce, John, a benevolent gen- 
tleman in "Bleak House." 

Javert, a detective in Victor Hugo's 
"Les Miserables." 

Jessica, daughter of Shylock in 
Shakespeare's "Merchant of Ven- 
ice." 

Jingle, Alfred, an adventurer in 
Dickens' "Pickwick Papers." 



Katlierine, a lady in attendance 
upon the French princess in Shake- 
sneare's "Love's Labor Lost." 

Kilmansegg, Miss, the heroine 
(with one golden leg) of Hood's 
"The Golden Legend." 

Kitely, merchant and jealous hus- 
band in Ben Jonson's "Every Man 
in His Humor." 



Lady Bonntifnl, a gentlewoman in 
Farquhar's "The Beaux Stratagem." 

Laertes, the son of Polonius in 
Shakespeare's "Hamlet," "killed by 
his own poisoned foil." 

Iiafeu, a witty old lord, attendant of 
the French princess, in Shake- 
speare's "Love's Labor Lost." 

Lalla Rookb, the heroine of Moore's 
poem of that name. 

Languisb, Lydia, the romantic hero- 
ine of Sheridan's "The Rivals." 



Lear, the hero of Shakespeare's trag- 
edy of King Lear, father of Regan, 
Goneril, and Cordelia. 

Leatberstocking, Natty, otherwise 
Natty Bumpo, hunter, the most fa- 
mous of Cooper's characters ; he ap- 
pears in "The Pioneer," "The Last 
of the Mohicans," "The Pathfinder," 
"The Deerslayer," and "The Prai- 
rie." 

Legree, a brutal slave-master in Mrs. 
Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin." 

Leigb, Aurora, the heroine of Mrs. 
Browning's poem-novel of that 
name. 

Leila, the heroine of Byron's roman- 

. tic poem, "The Giaour." 

Leonts, the King of Sicily in Shake- 
speare's "Winter's Tale." 

Lightivood, Mortimer, barrister, 
and friend of Eugene Wrayburn in 
Dickens' "Our Mutual Friend." 

Lismabago, Captain, a retired 
Scotch officer, suitor of Tabitha 
Bramble in Smollett's "Humphry 
Clinker." 

Little, Henry, the hero of Reade's 
"Put Yourself in His Place." 

Xittle Nell, a precocious and good 
child in Dickens' "Old Curiosity 
Shop." 

Locksley, an archer in Scott's "Ivan- 
hoe," the name of Robin Hood. 

Long Tom Coffin, in Cooper's "The 
Pilot," the most famous of his sea 
characters. 

Lorenzo, the lover of Jessica in 
Shakespeare's "Merchant of Venice." 

Lotbair, Marquis of, the hero of 
Disraeli's "Lothair ;" .the Marquis 
of Bute. 

Lotbario, a rake in Rowe's tragedy 
of "The Fair Penitent." 

Lovelace, a man of fashion and gal- 
lantry, the hero of Richardson's 
"Clarissa Harlowe." 

Lucio, a witty gossip and liar in 
Shakespeare's "Measure for Meas- 
ure." 

Lumpkin, Tony, an oafish country 
squire in Goldsmith's "She Stoope 
to Conquer." 

M 

Macbetb, thane of Cawdor, hero of 

Shakespeare's tragedy of that name, 
Macduff, a Scottish chief, the slayer 
of Macbeth in Shakespeare's "Mae 
beth." 



993 



Pamous Characters in Poetry and Prose 



Mac Ivor, Plora, the heroine of 
Scott's "Rob Roy." 

Mackenzie, Mrs., a termagant wid- 
ow, mother-in-law of Clive, in 
Thackeray's "Newcomes." 

Malagrowther, Sir Mungo, an old, 
ill-natured courtier in Scott's "For- 
tunes of Nigel." 

Malaprop, Mrs., famed for verbal 
blunders, a character in Sheridan's 
"The Rivals." 

Malvolio, Olivia's conceited steward 
in Shakespeare's "Twelfth Night." 

Manfred, the gloomy, solitary hero 
of Byron's tragedy of that name. 

Manson, JEjieas, the villain in Har- 
dy's "Desperate Remedies." 

Mantalini, the dandy husband of a 
milliner in Dickens' "Nicholas 
Nickleby." 

Marchioness, The, the little ill-used 
maid-servant of the Brasses, in 
Dickens' "Old Curiosity Shop." 

Margaret, the heroine of Goethe's 
"Faust," seduced by Faust. 

Mariana, the deserted wife of Angelo 
in Shakespeare's "Measure for 
Measure." 

Mariana, the daughter of Pericles, in 
Shakespeare's "Pericles, Prince of 
Tyre." 

Marlow, Young, the hero of Gold- 
smith's "She Stoops to Conquer." 

Medora, the heroine of Byron's "The 
Corsair." 

Merdle, Mr., a speculator and finan- 
cier in Dickens' "Little Dorrit." 

Meister, Wilhelm, the hero of Goe- 
the's novel of that name. 

Mephistopheles, the devil in Goe- 
the's "Faust." 

Mercutio, a highly-accomplished 
friend of Romeo in Shakespeare's 
"Romeo and Juliet." 

Micawher, Wilkins, always "wait- 
ing for something to turn up," in 
Dickens' "David Copperfield." 

Miggs, Miss, elderly servant of Mrs. 
Varden, enamored of Tappertit in 
Dickens' "Barnaby Rudge." 

Miller, Daisy, the very American 
heroine of Henry James Jr.'s novel- 
ette of that name. 

Minna, joint heroine with Brenda, of 
Scott's "The Pirate." 

Miranda, daughter of Prospero, loved 
bv Ferdinand in Shakespeare's "The 
Tempest" 



Monimia, the heroine of Otway's 
"The Orphan." 

Moth, Armado's page in Shake- 
speare's "Love's Labor Lost." 

Mouldy, one of Falstaflf's recruits in 
Shakespeare's "2d Part of King 
Henry IV." 

Mucklewrath, Habbakuk, a fanat- 
ical preacher in Scott's "Old Mor- 
tality." 

N 

Nathaniel, Sir, a remarkable curate 

in Shakespeare's "Love's Labor 

Lost." 
Nerissa, Portia's waiting-woman in 

Shakespeare's "Merchant of Ven- 
ice." 
Neuchatel, Adriana, a very rich 

young lady in Disraeli's "Endy- 

mion." 
Ne-wcome, Clive, the hero of 

Thackeray's "The Newcomes," son 

of the Colonel. 
Newcome, Colonel, a simple, noble 

gentleman in Thackeray's "The 

Newcomes." 
Ne-wcome, Ethel, the beautiful 

cousin, and finally the wife, of Clive 

Newcome. 
Nickleby, Mrs., an irrelevant and 

credulous person in Dickens' "Nich- 
olas Nickleby." 
Nickelby, Nicholas, the hero of 

Dickens' novel of that name. 
Noma, a sort of insane Sibyl in 

Scott's "The Pirate." 
Nydia, a blind flower-girl in Bul- 

wer's "The Last Days of Pompeii." 
Nym, a rascally follower of Falstaff's 

in Shakespeare's "Merry Wives of 

Windsor." 



Obadiah, a servant in Sterne's "Tris« 

tram Shandy." 
Oberon, King of the Fairies in 

Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's 

Dream." 
Ochiltree, Edie, a beggar who plays 

a prominent part in Scott's "The 

Antiquary." 
Oldbuck, Jonathan, connoisseur 

and collector, gives his name to 

Scott's "The Antiquary." 
Old Mortality, gravestone cleaner, 

gives his name to Scott's "Old Mor- 
tality." 



a94. 



Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose 



Olifaunt, Nigel, the hero of Scott's 
"The Fortunes of Nigel." 

Oliver, elder brother of Orlando in 
Shakespeare's "As You Like It." 

Ophelia, daughter of Polonius, in 
love with Hamlet, in Shakespeare's 
"Hamlet." 

Orlando, the nephew of Charle- 
magne, hero of Aristo's "Orlando 
Furioso." 

Orlando, the son of Sir Rowland, 
and lover of Rosalind in Shake- 
speare's "As You Like It." 

Orsino, the Duke of Illyria, in Shake- 
speare's "Twelfth Night." 

Orville, Lord, the lover of Evelina 
in Miss Burney's novel of that name. 

Osric, an affected courtier in Shake- 
speare's "Hamlet." 

Othello, husband of Desdemona, and 
hero of Shakespeare's "Othello." 

O'Trigger, Sir Lucius, an Irish ad- 
venturer in Sheridan's "The Rivals." 

Overreach, Sir Giles, a usurer in 
Massinger's "A New Way to Pay 
Old Debts." 



Page, Mrs., beloved of Falstaff. 

Page, Anne, beloved of Felton and 
Dr. Caius in Shakespeare's "Merry 
Wives of Windsor." 

Pamela, the ever-virtuous heroine of 
Richardson's novel of that name. 

Pangloss, a pedant in Colman's "The 
Heir at Law." 

Pantagruel, the learned and mighty- 
stomached hero of Rabelais' satire 
of that name. 

Panurge, the licentious and cowardly 
follower of Pantagruel. 

Parisina, in love with her stepson, 
the heroine of Byron's "Parisina.". 

Parolles, the lying and cowardly at- 
tendant of Bertram in Shakespeare's 
"All's Well that Ends Well." 

Partridge, barber and schoolmaster, 
the trusty follower of Fielding's 
"Tom Jones." 

Pecksniff, Miss Charity, beloved of 
Moddle in Dickens' "Martin Chuz- 
zlewit." 

Pecksniff, Mercy, wife of Jonas 
Chuzzlewit. 

Pecksniff, Mr., architect and hypo- 
crite, father of the above. 

Peebles, Peter, drunkard and liar in 
Scott's "Redgauntlet." 

T*endennis, Arthur, the clever and 



conceited hero of Thackeray's "Pen- 
dennis." 

Pendennis, Helen, a noble womanf 
mother of Arthur. 

Pendennis, Major, an elderly man 
of fashion, uncle of Arthur. 

Perdita, the sweetheart of Florizel 
in Shakespeare's "Winter's Tale." 

Petruchio, the madcap husband of 
Katherine in Shakespeare's "Tam^ 
ing of the Shrew." 

Pickle, Peregrine, the dissolute 
hero of Smollett's "The Adventures 
of Peregrine Pickle." 

Pickwick, Samuel, the hero of 
Dickens' "Pickwick Papers," foun- 
der of the "Pickwick Club." 

Pierre, one of the conspirators in Ot- 
way's "Venice Preserved." 

Pinch, Miss, Tom's pretty sister, 
John Westlock's sweetheart, in 
Dickens' "Martin Chuzzlewit." 

Pinch, Tom, a simple, noble charac« 
ter in Mr. Pecksniff's family. 

Pipes, Tom, a retired boatswain's 
mate in Smollett's "Peregrine 
Pickle." 

Pistol, Ancient, a swaggering, loud- 
mouthed, rascally follower of Fal- 
staff in Shakespeare's "Merry Wives 
of Windsor" and "Henry the IV." 

Pleydell, Paulus, a lawyer in 
Scott's "Guy Mannering." 

Poins, Ned, a gay companion of the 
young Prince in Shakespeare's 
"Henry IV." 

Polonius, the lord chamberlain of 
the King of Denmark in Shake- 
speare's "Hamlet." 

Portia, the heroine of Shakespeare's 
"Merchant of Venice." 

Posthumus, the husband of Imogen 
in Shakespeare's "Cymbeline." 

Poundtetx, Peter, a preacher in 
Scott's "Old Mortality." 

Primrose, Doctor, the noble-minded 
vicar in Goldsmith's "Vicar of Wake- 
field." 

Primrose, Moses, his simple, cred- 
ulous son. 

Proteus, one of Shakespeare's "Two 
Gentlemen of Verona," 

Proudf ute, a bonnet-maker in Scott's 
"Fair Maid of Perth." 

Prynne, Hester, the heroine of Haw- 
thorne's "Scarlet Letter." 

Pumblechook, Uncle, bully and 
sycophant in Dickens' "Great Ex- 
pectations." 



995 



Famous Cbaracters in Poetry- and Prose 



Pynchon, Phoebe, the heroine of 
Hawthorne's "House of the Seven 
Gables." 



Quasimodo, a deformed monster in 
Victor Hugo's "Our Lady." 

Quickly, Mrs., hostess of the East- 
cheap tavern in Shakespeare's 
"Henry IV." 

Qnilp, a vicious, ill-tempered dwarf 
in Dickens' "Old Curiosity Shop." 

Quince, Peter, carpenter-actor in 
Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's 
Dream." 

R 

Random, Roderick, the sensual, un- 
feeling hero of Smollett's novel of 
that name. 

Rashleigli, the villain in Scott's 
"Rob Roy." 

Rasselas, prince of Abyssinia, the 
hero of Dr. Johnson's romance of 
that name. 

Rattler, Jack, a nautical character 
in Smollett's "Roderick Random." 

Ravenswood, the haughty hero of 
Scott's "Bride of Lammermoor." 

Rebecca, a gentle, lovable Jewess, 
the real heroine of Scott's "Ivan- 
hoe." 

Redgauntlet, the violent hero of 
Scott's novel of that name. 

Regan, the second daughter of Lear 
in Shakespeare's "King Lear." 

Rob Roy, a Scottish chief whose 
name is given to one of Scott's 
novels. 

Roderigo, a dupe of lago in Shake- 
speare's "Othello." 

Romeo, a Montague, beloved of Juliet 
in Shakespeare's "Romeo and Jul- 
iet." 

Romola, the heroine of George Eliot's 
novel of that name. 

Rosalind, daughter of the deposed 
Duke in Shakespeare's "As You 
Like It." 

Rosaline, an attendant of the French 
princess in Shakespeare's "Love's 
Labor Lost." 

Rosencrantz, a courtier in Shake- 
speare's "Harold." 

RoAvena, a Saxon princess, the osten- 
sible heroine of Scott's "Ivanhoe." 

Roxana, one of Nathaniel Lee's 
"Rival Queens." 



Rudge, Barnaby, a half-witted 
youth, the hero of Dickens' "Bar- 
naby Rudge." 

Rugby, a servant of Dr. Caius in 
Shakespeare's "Merry Wives of 
Windsor." 

Ruggiero, a Saracen knight of Ari- 
osto's "Orlando Furioso." He has 
a winged horse, the hippogriff. 



Sabrina, a river-nymph in Milton's 

"Comus." 
Sacripant, King of Cirassia, in love 

with Angelica in Ariosto's "Orlando 

Furioso," 
Saddletree, Bartoline, a learned 

peddler in Scott's "Heart of Mid- 
Lothian." 
Salanio, a friend of Antonio in 

Shakespeare's "Merchant of Ven- 
ice." 
Sampson, servant of Capulet in 

Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet." 
Sandf ord, Harry, one of the heroes 

of Day's "History of Sandford and 

Merton." 
Sangrado, Doctor, a physician in 

Le Sage's "Gil Bias;" he is always 

bleeding his patients ; a satire on 

Helvetius. 
Sckeberezade, Queen, the Sultaness 

who tells the tales in "The Arabian 

Nights." 
Scblemikl, Peter, hero of Chamis- 

so's work of that name; sells his 

shadow to the devil. 
Scrub, a facetious valet in Farquhar's 

"The Beaux' Stratagem." 
Sedley, Amelia, an amiable woman 

in Thackeray's "Vanity Fair." She 

has many lovable qualities, but no 

talent or force of character. 
Sedley, Joseph, a rich, fat, selfish, 

bashful East Indian in Thackeray'.s 

"Vanity Fair." 
Selim, the hero of Byron's poem. 

"The Bride of Abydos." 
Shafton, Sir Piercie, a pedantic 

courtier in Scott's "The Monastery." 
Shallow, a silly gentleman in 

Shakespeare's "Merry Wives of 

Windsor." 
Shandy, Mrs., a woman of no force 

of character in Sterne's "Tristram 

Shandy." 
Shandy, Tristram, her son, nomi- 
nally the hero of that novel. 
Shandy, Walter, Tristram's eccen 



Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose 



trie father, a man of strange opin- 
ions. 

Sharp, Rebecca, the clever, selfish 
heroine of Thackeray's "Vanity 
Fair." 

Sliylock, a vindictive Jew in Shake- 
speare's "Merchant of Venice." 

Silence, a simple gentleman in Shake- 
speare's "Second Part of :Henry 
IV." 

Silvia, the sweetheart of Valentine in 
Shakespeare's "Two Gentlemen of 
Verona." 

Simple, the servant of Slender in 
Shakespeare's "Merry Wives of 
Windsor." 
.Skimpole, Harold, a gay, child-like, 
impecunious **beat" in Dickens' 
"Bleak House." 

Slender, a silly suitor of Anne Page's 
in Shakespeare's "Merry Wives of 
Windsor." 

Slipslop, Mrs., a waiting-woman of 
more than doubtful character in 
Fielding's "Joseph Andrews." 

Slop, Doctor, an irascible physician 
in Sterne's "Tristram Shandy." 

Sly, Christopher, a drunken tinker 
in the "Induction" to "The Taming 
of the Shrew." 

Slyme, Chevy, impecunious "gent" 
in Dickens' "Martin Chuzzlewit." 

Smike, a poor, half-witted pupil of 
Squeers in Dickens' "Nicholas 
Nickleby." 

Sneerwell, Lady, a gossip and back- 
biter in Sheridan's "School for 
Scandal." 

Snodgrass, Augustus, a poetical 
companion of Mr. Pickwick in 
Dickens' "Pickwick Papers." 

Snout, a tinker and amateur actor in 
Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's 
Dream." 

Enow, Lucy, the heroine of Char- 
lotte Bronte's "Villette." 

Snug, a joiner and amateur actor in 
Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's 
Dream." 

Sparkler, Edmund, ass and man of 
fashion in Dickens* "Little Dorrit." 

Speed, the punning servant of Val- 
entine in the "Two Gentlemen of 
Verona." 

Square, pedant, philosopher, and 
moralist in Fielding's "Tom Jones." 

Squeers, "Wackf ord, the brutal mas- 
ter of the Dotheboys Hall in Dick- 
ensr* "Nicholas Nickleby." 



Squeers, Master Wackf ord, in the 

same, a spoiled child, and chip of 
the old block. 

St. Leon, the hero of William God- 
win's novel of that name ; he has the 
secret of perpetual youth, and of the 
transmutation of the metals. 

Starveling, tailor and amateur ac- 
tor in Shakespeare's "Midsummer 
Night's Dream." 

Steerforth, James, talented but 
profligate character in Dickens' 
"David •Copperfield." 

Steggs, Miss Carolina IVilhel* 
mina Amelia, in Goldsmith's "Vi* 
car of Wakefield," a fulgar pre- 
tender to gentility. 

Stephano, a bibulous butler in 
Shakespeare's "Tempest." 

Stiggens, Elder, in Dickens' "Pick- 
wick Papers," fond of pineapple rum 
and Mrs. Weller. 

Strap, Hugh, a faithful follower of 
Roderick Random in Smollett's 
"Roderick Random." 

Surface, Sir Charles, a brilliant, 
generous rake in Sheridan's "School 
for Scandal." 

Surface, Joseph, a hypocrite in the 
same play. 

S-wiveller, Dick, a gay, rattle-pated 
fellow in Dickens' "Old Curiosity 
Shop.'' 



Tamora, the Gothic queen in Shake- 
speare's "Titus Andronicus." 

Tapley, Mark, "the jolly-under-diffi- 
culties" servant in Dickens' "Mar- 
tin Chuzzlewit." 

Tappertit, Simon, a small but fero- 
cious apprentice in Dickens' "Bar- 
naby Rudge." 

Tartuffe, the hypocritical hero of 
Moliere's play of that name. 

Teazle, Lady, the heroine of .Sheri- 
dan's "School for Scandal." 

Teazle, Sir Peter, her old husband. 

Thalaba, "The Destroyer," hero of 
a poem by Southey. 

Thersites, a foul-mouthed Greek in 
Homer's "Iliad," and Shakespeare's 
"Troilus and Cressida." 

Thwackum, philosopher and peda- 
gogue in Fielding's "Tom Jones." 

Tilburina, a very much crossed-in- 
love maiden, in Sheridan's "The 
Critic." 

Timon, a misanthropic Atheniana 



Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose 



hero of Shakespeare's "Timon of 
Athens." 

Tinto, Dick, an artist in Scott's 
"Bride of Lammermoor," and "St. 
Ronan's Well." 

Titania; queen of the fairies in 
Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's 
Dream." 

Titmouse, Tittlebat, the vulgar 
hero of Warren's "Ten Thousand a 
Year," the type of the "gent." 

Tito, the handsome but weak hero of 
George Eliot's "Romola." 

Todgers, Mrs,, keeper of a commer- 
cial boarding-house in Dickens' 
"Martin Chuzzlewit." 

Toots, a simple, eccentric fellow in 
Dickens' "Dombey and Son." 

Topsy, an ignorant young slave-girl 
in Mrs. Stowe's "Uncle Tom's 
Cabin." 

Touchstone, a clown in Shake- 
speare's "As You Like It." ^ 

ToucliTvood, Peregrine, an irascible 
East Indian in Scott's "St. Ronan's 
Well." 

Tox, Miss, a simple and eccentric 
spinster in Dickens' "Dombey and 
Son." 

Traddles, Tom, barrister, and friend 
of Copperfield in Dickens' "David 
Copperfield." 

Trania, Lucentio's servant in Shake- 
speare's "Taming of the Shrew." 

Trapbois, a usurer in Scott's "The 
Fortunes of Nigel." 

Trim, Corporal, the trusty follower 
of Uncle Toby in Sterne's "Tristram 
Shandy." 

Trinculo, a jester in Shakespeare's 
"Tempest." 

Troil, Magnus, a wealthy Zetlander 
in Scott's "The Pirate." 

Trotwood, Betsy, CopperJSeld's kind, 
eccentric aunt in Dickens' "David 
•Copperfield." 

Trulliber, Parson, an ignorant cler- 
gyman in Fielding's "Joseph An- 
drews." 

Trunnion, Commodore Hawser, 
an eccentric nautical character in 
Smollett's "Peregrine Pickle." 

Tulkinghorn, Mr., a crafty solicitor 
in Dickens' "Bleak House." 

Tulliver, Maggie, the heroine of 
George Eliot's "Mill on the Floss." 

Tulliver, Tom, her selfish, conceited 
brother. 

Tupmam, Tracy, a fat lover of the 



fair sex in Dickens' "Pickwick Pa- 
pers." 

Turveydrop, dancing master and 
"model of deportment" in Dickens' 
"Bleak House." 

Tusher, Thomas, a sycophantic 
clergyman in Thackeray's "Henry 
Esmond." 

Twemlow, Mr., diner-out and friend 
of Veneering in Dickens' "Our Mu- 
tual Friend." 

Twist, Oliver, a charity boy, hero 
of Dickens' "Oliver Twist." 

Twysden, Talbot, public officer and 
flunky in Thackeray's "Philip." 

Tybalt, nephew of Lady Capulet, 
slain by Romeo in Shakespeare's 
"Romeo and Juliet." 



Ulrica, an old witch in Scott's "Ivan- 
hoe." 

Una, the personification of Truth in 
Spenser's "Faery Queen." 

Uncas, a Mohican chief in Cooper's 
"The Last of the Mohicans." 

Uncle Toby, a noble old soldier, the 
hero of Sterne's "Tristram Shandy.'* 

Uncle Tom, a pious slave, the hero 
of Mrs. Stowe's "Uncle Tom's 
C«bin." 

V 

Valentine, one of Shakespeare's 
"Two Gentlemen of Verona." 

Varden, Dolly, the heroine of Dick- 
ens' "Barnaby Rudge." 

Vathek, the hero of Beckford's East- 
ern romance, of great gifts, but of 
violent passions and inordinate am- 
bition. 

Verges, a silly, self-important watch- 
man in Shakespeare's "Much Ado 
about Nothing." 

Vernon, Die, the heroine of Scott s 
"Rob Roy." 

Vholes, a cold-blooded, crafty solici- 
tor in Dickens' "Bleak House." 

Vincentio, Duke of Vienna, in Shake- 
speake's "Measure for Measure." 

Viola, in love with Orsino in Shake- 
speare's "Twelfth Night." 

Virgilia, wife of Coriolanus in 
Shakespeare's "Coriolanus." 

Virginia, the heroine of St. Pierre's 
"Paul and Virginia." 

Vivian, mistress of Merlin in Tenny- 
son's "Idyls of the King." 

Volumnia, mother of Coriolanus in 
Shakespeare's "Coriolanus." 



aqs 



Famous Characters in Poetry and Prose 



W 

Wadman, Widow, in Sterne's 
"Tristram Shandy," tries to marry 
Uncle Toby. 

Wamba, a clown in Scott's "Ivan- 
hoe." 

Wardle, Mr., a jolly country gentle- 
man in Dickens' "Pickwick Pa- 
pers." 

Warrington, George and Harry, 
grandsons of "Henry Esmond," and 
heroes of Thackeray's "The Virgin- 
ians." 

Warrington, George, the cynical, 
but kind-hearted friend of Arthur in 
Thackeray's "Pendennis." 

Wegg, Silas, a one-legged, crafty 
schemer in Dickens' "Our Mutual 
Friend." 

Weller, Tony, a jovial and rubicund 
coachman in Dickens "Pickwick 
Papers." 

Weller, Sam, son of Tony, Mr. Pick- 
wick's humorous servant. 

Werther, the sentimenal hero of 
Goethe's "Sorrows of Werther." 

Western, SopMa, the heroine of 
Fielding's "Tom Jones." 

Western Squire, her father, a pig- 
headed, foul-mouthed country squire. 

Westlock, John, friend and finally 
brother-in-law of Tom Pinch in 
Dickens' "Martin Chuzzlewit." 

W^hiskerandos, Don Ferolo, lover 
of Tilburina, in Sheridan's "The 
Critic." 

Wickfield, Agnes, the lovable hero- 
ine of Dickens' "David €opper- 
field," and David's second wife. 

Wild, Jonathan, highwayman, the 
hero of Fielding's "History of Jona- 
than Wild." He is drawn from a 
famous highwayman of that name, 
who was executed in 1725. 

Wildair, Sir Harry, man of fashion 
and gallantry, the hero of Farqu- 
har's "Constant Couple" and "Sir 
Harry Wildair." 

Wildfire, Madge, a woman crazed 
by seduction, and by the murder of 
her infant, in Scott's "Heart of Mid- 
Lothian.'* 

Wilfer, Bella, the beautiful, wilful 
heroine of Dickens's "Our Mutual 
Friend.'* 

Wilfer, Lavinia, her irrepressible 
sister, beloved of George Sampson. 

Wilfer, Reginald, their father, a 
commercial cherub* 



Wilfrid, son of Oswald Wycliffe, is 
Scott's "Rokeby," in love with Ma« 
tilda, heiress of Rokeby, at whose 
feet he dies. 

Willet, John, an obstinate innkeeper 
in Dickens' "Barnaby Rudge." 

Willet, Joe, his son, in love with 
Dolly Varden. 

Williams, Caleh, the hero of Wil- 
liam Godwin's novel of that name. 

Wilmot, Arabella, George Prim- 
rose's sweetheart in Goldsmith's 
"Vicar of Wakefield." 

Wilton, Halph de, finally marries 
Lady Clare, daughter of the Earl of 
Gloucester, in Scott's "Marmion." 

Wimble, Will, a good-natured, sim- 
ple, and officious character in "The 
Spectator," said to be a portrait of 
Thomas Morecroft, who died at Dub- 
lin in 1741. 

Winkle, Nathaniel, a would-be 
sporting character in Dickens* 
"Pickwick Papers." 

Winkle, Rip Van, good-natured, 
bibulous, blessed with a scolding 
wife ; he and his long sleep are com- 
memorated in Irving's "Sketch 
Book." 

Wishf ort, !Lady, a witty, vain char- 
acter in Congreve's "The Way of the 
World.'* 

Wititterly, Mr., a snob and tuft- 
hunter in Dickens' "Nicholas Nick- 
leby." 

Wititterly, Mrs. Julia, in the same, 
his wife, a languid lady, whose "soul 
was too large for her body." She 
"dearly loved a lord." 

W^itwould, Sir W^illful, a pig- 
headed gentleman in Congreve's 
"Way of the World." 

Worldly W^iseman, Mr., in Bun- 
yan's "Pilgrim's Progress," tries to 
persuade Christian from his journey. 

Wray, Enoch, an aged and noble 
character in Crabbe's "Village." 

Wrayburn, Eugene, a calm and 
briefless barrister in Dickens' "Our 
Mutual Friend." 

Wren, Jenny, doll's dressmaker in 
Dickens' "Our Mutual Friend." 

Wronghead, Sir Francis, a coun« 
try gentleman, the hero of Van- 
burgh's "The Provoked Husband." 



Xury, a servant of Crusoe in De Foe*f 
"Robinson Crusoe.'* 



Famous Cliaracters in Poetry and Prose 



Yellowley, Mistress BaTjy (Bar- 
bara), sister and housekeeper of 
Triptolemus, in Scott's "The Pi- 
rate." 

Yellowley, Triptolemus, a Scotch- 
Yorkshireman, of agricultural ten- 
dencies, in Scott's "The Pirate." 

Yorick, a witty, heedless parson in 
Sterne's "Tristram Shandy," repre- 
sented as a descendant of Shake- 
speare's jester of that name, in 
"Hamlet." 

Yseult or Isolde, beloved of Tris- 
tram, celebrated in many mediaeval 
romances, and in the "Tristram and 
Yseult" of Matthew Arnold, and of 
A. C. Swinburne. She was the wife 
of King Mark, of Cornwall, and 
mistress of his nephew, Tristram, 
with whom she fell in love from 
drinking a love-philter. She was 
called Isolde the Fair. 



Zadoc, hi Dryden's "Absalom and 



Achitophel," is Sancroft, Archbishop 
of Canterbury. 

Zanoni, alchemist, etc., the hero of 
Bulwer's "Zanoni." He is a mem- 
ber of an occult fraternity who deal 
familiarly with the world of spirits, 
can make precious stones and met- 
als, and can live as long as they 
please. 

Zeluco, a prodigal nobleman, hero of 
Dr. J. Moore's "Zeluco." 

Zenobia, a beautiful woman in Haw- 
thorne's "Blithedale Romance." 

Zerbino, a Scotch warrior in Arios- 
to's "Orlando Furioso." 

Zimri, the Duke of Buckingham in 
Dryden's "Absalom and Achitophel." 

Zobeide, the favorite wife of Ha- 
roun-Al-Raschid in "The Arabian 
Nights." Her story is told in the 
tale of the "Three Calendars." 

Zodig, a rich Babylonian, hero of 
Voltaire's novel of that name. 

Zopbiel, in Milton's "Paradise Lost,'* 
the swiftest of the cherubim. 

Zuleika, the heroine of Byron*s 
"Bride of Abydos," 



1000 



Principal Cities of the United States 

1910 CENSUS 

The following list names approximately all cities in the United 
States having five thousand or more inhabitants. The numerals at 
extreme right of column are the 1910 census figures or recent official 
estimates of population. 

Capitals of States and Territories are indicated ■with an asterisk (*). 



Aberdeen, S. Dak 10,753 

Aberdeen, Wash 13,660 

Abilene Tex 9,204 

Ada,Okla 5,000 

Adams, Mass 1 1,900 

Adrian, Mich 10,763 

Akron, Ohio 69,067 

Alameda, Cal 23,383 



Attleboro, Mass 12,400 

Auburn, Me 15,064 

Auburn, N. Y 34,668 

Augusta, Ga 4 1 ,040 

Augusta, Me.* 13,211 

Aurora, III 29,807 

Austin, Minn 6,960 

Austin, Tex.* 29,860 



Albany, Ga 8,190|Baker City, Ore 6,742 

Albany, N.Y.* 100,253 Bakersfield, Cal 12,727 

Albert Lea, Minn. ..'.. . 6,192 Baltimore, Md 558,485 

Albion, Mich 5,833 Bangor. Me 24,803 

Albion, N.Y 5.016 Bangor, Pa 5.369 

Albuquerque, N.M..... 11,020 Baraboo, Wis 6,324 



Alexandria, Ind 5,096 

Alexandria, La 11.213 

Alexandria, Va 15,329 

Alhambra,Cal 5,021 

Allentown,Pa 51,913 

Alliance, Ohio 1 5,083 

Alpena, Mich ■.. 12.706 

Alton, 111 17,528 

Altoona.Pa 52,127 

Amarillo,Tex 9,957 

Ambridge, Pa 5,205 

Americus, Ga 8,063 

Amesbury, Mass 8,000 

Amsterdam, N. Y 31,267 

Anaconda, Mont 10,134 

Anderson, Ind 22,476 

Anderson, S.C 9,654 

Andover, Mass 6,100 

Annapolis, Md* 8,609 

Ann Arbor, Mich 14,817 

Anniston, Ala 12,794 

Ansonia, Conn 15,152 

Antigo, Wis 7,196 

Appleton, Wis 16,773 

Archbald,Pa 7,194 

Ardmore, Okla 8,618 

Argenta,Ark 11,138 

Arkansas City, Kan 7,508 

Arlington, Mass 8,900 

Asburv Park, N.J 10,150 

Asheville, N. C 18,762 

Ashland, Ky 8 688 

Ashland, Ohio..... 6,795 

Ashland, Ore 5,020 

Ashland, Pa 6,855 

Ashland, Wis ...11,594 

Ashley, Pa 5,601 

Ashtabula, Ohio 18,266 

Astoria, Ore 9,599 

Atchison, Kan 1 6,429 

Athens, Ga 14,913 

Athens, Ohio 5,463 

Athol.Mass 6,000 

Atlanta, Ga.* 1 54,839 

Atlantic City, N. J 46,150 



Barberton, Ohio. 

Barre, Vt 

Bartlesville, Okla. 

Batavia, N. Y 

Bath, Me 

Bath, N.Y 

Baton Rouge, La.*. 
Batde Creek, Mich. 



9,410 
10,734 

8,000 
11,613 

9,396 

6.000 
14,897 
25,267; 

Bay City, Mich 45,166 

Bayonne.N. J 55,545 

Beardstown, 111 6,107 

Beatrice.Neb . 9,356 

Beaumont, Tex 20,640 

Beaverdam, Wis {6,758 

Beaver Falls, Pa 12,191 

Bedford, Ind 8,716 

Bellaire, Ohio 12.946 

Belief ontaine, Ohio 8,238 

Belleville, 111 21,122 

Bellevue.Ky 6,683 

Bellevue, Ohio 5,209 

Bellevue, Pa 6,323 

Bellingham, Wash 24,298 

Bellows Falls, Vt 6,000 

Belo!t,Wis 15,125 

Belvidere, 111 7,253 

Bemidji, Minn 5,099 

Bennington, Vt 7,500 

Benton Harbor, Mich.. . 9,185 

Berkeley, Cal 40,434 

Berkley, Va 5,700 

Berlin, N.H. 11,780 

Berwick, Pa 5,357 

Berwyn,Ill 5,841 

Bessemer, Ala 10,864 

Bethlehem, Pa 12,837 

Beverly. Mass 18,650 

Biddeford.Me 17,079 

Billings, Mont 10,031 

Biloxi, Miss 7,988 

Binghamton. N.Y 48,443 

Birmingham, Ala 132,685 



Bloomfield, N. J 15,070 

III. 



Bloomington, III 25,768 

Bloomington, Ind 8,838 

Bloomsburg, Pa 7,413 

Bluefield, W. Va 11.188 

Blue Island, 111 8,043 

Boise, Idaho* 17,358 

Boone, Iowa 10,347 

Boston, Mass.* 670,585 

Boulder, Colo 9,539 

Bowling Green, Ky 9,173 

Bowling Green, Ohio. . . 5,222 

Boyne City, Mich 5,218 

Bozeman, Mont 5,107 

Braddock, Pa 19,357 

Bradford, Pa 14,544 

Brainerd, Minn 8,526 

Brattleboro, Vt 8,000 

Brazil, Ind 9,340 

Brewer, Me 5,667 

Bridgeport, Conn 102,054 

Bridgeton, N. J 14,209 

Bristol, Conn 9,527 

Bristol, Pa 9,256 

Bristol, R.I 8,450 

Bristol, Tenn 7,148 

Bristol, Va 6,247 

Brockton, Mass 56,878 1 

Brookfield, Mo 5,749 

Brookhaven, Mi-s 5,293 1 

Brookline, Mass 27,792 

Brownsville, Tex 10,517 

Brownwood.Tex 6,967 

Brunswick, Ga.' 10,182 

Brunswick, Me 5,341 

Bucvrus, Ohio 8,122 

Buffalo, N.Y...1 423, 71S 

Burlington, Iowa 24,324 

Biu-lington, N. J 8,336 

Burlington, Vt 20,468 

Butler, Pa 20,728 | 

Butte, Mont 39,165 

Cadillac, Mich 8,375 i 

Cairo, 111 14,548' 

Calais, Me 6,116 

Calumet, Mich 30,000 

Cambridge, Md 6,407 

Cambridge, Mass 104,839 

Cambridge, Ohio 11.327 

Camden, N.J 94,538 

Camden. N.Y 5,000 

Canal Dover, Ohio 6,621 

Canandaigua, N. Y 7,217 

Canon City, Colo 5,162 

Canton, 111 10,453 

Canton, Ohio 50,217 



Bisbee, Ariz 10,000 Cape Girardeau, Mo.... 8,475 

Bismarck, N. Dak.* 5.443 Carbonda]2, 111 5,411 

Blakely, Pa 5.345, Carbondale, Pa > . 17,00. 



PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES— Continued. 



Caribou, Me ^ 5 

Carlisle, Pa 10 

Carnegie, Pa 10 

Carrick, Pa 6 

Carson City, Nev* 2, 

Carthage, Mo 9, 

Catasauqua, Pa 5, 

Catskill,N.Y 5, 

Cedar Falls, Iowa 5, 

Cedar Rapids, Iowa 32, 

Centerville, Iowa 6, 

Central Falls, R. 1 22, 

Centralia, 111 9, 

Centralia, Wash 7 

Chambersburg, Pa 11, 

Champaign, 111 12, 

Chanute, Kan 9, 

Charleroi,Pa 9, 

Charles City, Iowa 5, 

Charleston, 111 5 

Charleston, S. C 58 

Charleston, W. Va.* 22 

Charlotte, N. C 34, 

Charlottesville, Va 6, 

Chattanooga, Term 44, 

Cheboygan, Mich 6, 

Chelsea, Mass 32. 

Chester, Pa 38, 

Cheyenne, Wyo.* 11, 

Chicago, 111 2,185, 

Chicago Heights, 111 14, 

Chickasha, Okla 10, 

Chicopee, Mass 25, 

Chicopee Falls, Mass. . . 8. 

Chillicothe, Mo 6, 

Chillicothe, Ohio 14. 

Chippewa Falls, Wis.... 8, 

Chisholra. Minn 7, 

Cicero, 111 14, 

Cincinnati, Ohio 3 63 , 

Circleville, Ohio 6, 

Claremont, N. H .'. 7, 

Clarksburg, W. Va 9, 

Clarksville, Tenn 8, 

Clearfield, Pa 6, 

Clebmne,Tex 10. 

Cleveland, Ohio 560 

feveland, Tenn 5 

Ciuton Forge, Va 5 

Jlinton, III 5 

Clinton, Ind 6 

Chnton, Iowa..., ..ar,.... 25 

Clinton, Mass 13 

Cloquet, Minn 7 

Coaldale, Pa 5 

Coalgate, Okla. 6, 

Coatesville, Pa 11 

Coeurd'.A.lene, Idaho... 7, 

Coffeyville, Kan 12, 

Cohoes,N.Y 24, 

Coldwater, Mich 5, 

CoUinsviUe, 111 7, 

Colorado Springs, Colo.. 29 

Columbia. Mo 9 

Columbia, Pa 11 

Columbia, S. C* 26 

Columbia, Tenn 5 

Columbus. Ga 20 

Columbus, Ind 8 

Columbus. Miss 8 

Columbus,Neb 5 



37 7 Columbus. Ohio.* 181 

303 Concord, N. H.* 21 

009 Concord, N. C 8 

117JConneaut, Ohio 8 

466!Connellsville,Pa 12 

483;Connersville, Ind 7 

2 5 1 Conshohocken, Pa 7 

296 Coraopolis, Pa 5 

Cordele, Ga 5 

Corinth, Miss 5 

Corning, N.Y 13 

Corpus Chr isti, Tex 8 

Corry, Pa 5 

Corsicana, Tex 9 

Cortland, N.Y 11 

Coshocton, Ohio 9 

Council Bluffs, Iowa 29 

Covington, Ky 53 

Cranston, R.I 21 

Crawf ordsville, Ind 9 

Creston, Iowa 6 

Cripple Creek, Colo 6 

Crookston, Minn 7 

Crowley, La 5 

Cumberland, Md 21 

Dallas, Tex 92 

Dalton, Ga 5 

Danbury, Conn 20 

Dansville, N. Y 5 

Danv^ers, Mass 7 

DanviUe.Ill 27 

Danville, Ky 5 

Danville, Pa 7 

Danville, Va 19 

Darby, Pa :.. 6 

Davenport, Iowa 43 

Dayton, Ky 6 

Davton. Ohio 116 

De^tur.IU 31 

Defiance, Ohio. 7 

DeKalb, 111 8 

Delaware, Ohio 9 

Delphos, Ohio 5 

Denison, Tex 13 

Denver, Colo.* 213 

Derbv, Conn 8 

Derry,N.H 5 

Des Moines, Towa* 86 

Detroit. Mich 465 



19,098 
9,179 

5,046 

8,110 

5,500 

20,387 



012 
811 
936 
754 
680 
311 
800 
421 
272 
615 
892 
884 
833 
996 
014 
765 
604 
859 
452 
537 
320 
283 
525 
320 
,401 
,500 
,265 
.508 
,893 
,684 
,557 
,591 
,744 
,529 
,201 
,548 
,851 
.364 
,663 
,549 
,743 
,165 
,229 
,577 
,000 
,031 
,154 
,000 
.084 
291 
687 
7091 Dowagiac, Mich 



Devils Lake, N. Dak... 
Dickinson, N. Dak. 



5 
5 

Dickson , Pa ^. 9 

Dixon 111 

Donora, Pa. . 

Dothan, Ala.. 

Douglas, Ariz 

Dover, Del.* 3 

Dover, N.H 13 

Dover, N.J 7 

A. 



,945 Dublin, Ga 5 

,478! Dubois, Pa 12 

,0781 Dubuque, Iowa 38 

,662! Duluth, Minn 78 



454 
,319 
,754 
554 
813 
988 
,014 



Dunkirk. N.Y.. 

Dunmore, Pa 

Duquesne, Pa 

Duquoin, 111 

Durant, Okla 

Durham, N.C 

Duryea, Pa 



,511 East Chicago, Ind.... 
,497 East Cleveland, Ohio. 
,715 East Conemaugh, Pa. 
,319 Easthampton, xMass. . 
,845 East Hartford, Conn.. 
.738 East Liverpool, Ohio. 

,480' Easton, Pa 28,523 

252 East Orange, N. J 34,371 

,883 East Pittsburg, Pa 5,615 

,020 East Providence, R. I. . , 13,500 

730 East Saint Louis, 111 58,547 

.222 Eau Claire, Wis 18,310 

,991 Edwardsville, 111 5,014 

749 Edwardsville, Pa 8,407 

,504 Elberton, Ga 6,483 

,603 Elgin, 111 25,976 

,292 Elizabeth, N. J 73,409 

,270 Elizabeth City, N. C . . 8,412 

,171 Elkhart, Ind 19,282 

,371 Elkins,W. Va 5,260 

,924 Elmira, N. Y 37,176 

,206 El Paso. Tex 39,279 

,559 El Reno, Okla 7,000 

,099 Elwood, Ind 1 1,028 

,839 Elyria, Ohio 14,825 

,104 Emporia, Kan 9,058 

,324 Englewood.N.J 9,924 

,234 Enid, Okla 13,799 

,000 Ennis, Tex 5,669 

,950 Erie, Pa 66,525 

,871 Escanaba, Mich 13,194 

,420 Etna, Pa 5,830 

,517 Eugene. Ore 9,009 

,020 Eureka, Cal 11,845 

,305 Evanston, III 24,978 

,028 Evansvilie, Ind 69,647 

,979 Eveleth, Mo 7,036 

,577 Everett, Mass 33,484 

,140 Everett, Wash 24,814 

,327 Fairbury,Neb 5,294 

,102 Fairmont, W.Va 9,711 

,076 Fall River, Mass 119,295 

,038 Fargo, N. Dak 14,331 

,632 Fairbault, Minn. 9,001 

,381 Fayetteville, N. C 7,045 

,991 Fergus Falls, Minn 6,887 

,123 Findlav,Ohio 14,858 

,368 Fitchburg, Mass 37,826 

,766 Fitzgerald, Ga 5,795 

157 Flat River, Mo 5,112 

,000 Flint, Mich 38,550 

,331 Florence, Ala 6,689 

,216 Florence, S.C 7,057 

,174 Fond du Lac, Wis 18,797 

,016 Forest Citv, Pa 5,749 

,000 Forest Park, 111 6,594 

,720 Fort Collins, Colo 8,210 

,247 Fort Dodge, Iowa 15,543 

,468 Fort Madison. Iowa 8 900 

,088 Fort Scott, Kan 10,463 

,795 Fort Smith, Ark 23,975 

,623! Fort Wayne, Ind 63,933 

,494, Fort Worth. Tex 73,312 

,466 Fostoria, Ohio 9.597 

17,221 Frankfort, Ind 8,634 

17,615 Frankfort, Kv.* 10,465 

15,727:Frank!in,N.H 6,132 

5,454Frank!ia, Pa 9,767 

5,330, Frederick, Md 10,411 

18,241 IFredericksburg, Va 5,874 

7,487 iFredonia, N, Y ;,28S 



PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES-Continued. 



Freeland,Pa 6,197 

FreeportJU 17,567 

Fremont, Neb 8,7 18 

Fremont Ohio 9,939 

Fresno ,Cau 24.892 

Frost burg, Md 6,028 

Fulton, Mo 5,228 

Fulton, N.Y 10,48U 

Gadsden Ala 10,557 

Gainesville, Fla 6, 1 83 

Gainesville, Ga 5,925 

Gamesville, Tex 7,624 

Galena, Kan 6,096 

Galesburg, 111 22,089 

Gallon, Ohio 7,214 

Gallipolis, Oho 5,560 

Galveston, Tex 36,98 J 

Gardiner, Me 5,311 

Gardner,Mass 13,910 

Garfield,N. J 10,213 

Gary,Ind 16,802 

Gastonia,N.C 5.759 

Geneva, N.Y 12,446 

Georgetown, S. C 5,530 

Gilberton, Pa 5,40 1 

Glassport,Pa 5,540 

Glen Cove. N.Y 7.600 

Glens FaUs.N.Y 15 243 

Globe, Ariz 1 2,00C 



Gloucester, Mass, 

Gloucester , N. J 

Gloversville. N. Y 

Goldsboro, N. C 

Goshen, Ind 

Graiton, W. Va 

Grand Forks, N. Dak.. . 
Grand Haven, Mich. . . . 

Grand Island, Neb 

Grand Junction, Colo. 
Grand Rapids, Mich. 
Grand Rapids, Wis.. . 
Granite City, 111, 



24,398 

9,462 

20,642 

6,107 

8,514 

7,563 

12,478 

. 5,856 

. 10,326 

, 7,754 

112,571 

. 6,521 

. 9,903 

Great Falls. Mont 13,948 

Greelev,Colo 8,179 

Greenbav. Wis 25,236 

Greenfield, Mass 9.910 

Greensboro, N. C 15,895 

Greensburg, Ind 5,420 

Greensburg, Pa 13,012 

Greenville, Miss 9,610 

Greenville, Ohio 6,237 

Greenville, Pa 5,909 

Greenville, S. C 15,741 

Greenville, Tex 8,850 

Greenwood, Miss 5,836 

Greenwood, S. C - 6,614 

Griffin,Ga 7,478 

Grinnell, Iowa 5,036 

Gulfport, Miss 6,386 

Guthrie, Okla.* 12,000 

Guttenberg, N. J 5,647 

Hackensack, N. J 14,050 

Hagerstown, Md 16,507 

Hamilton, Oh.'o 35.279 

Hammond, Ind 20,925 

Hammonton, N. J 5, 

Hampton, \'a 5.505 

Hancock, Mich 8.981 

Hannibal, Mo 18,341 

Hanover,Pa 7,057 

Harrisburg, 111 5,309 



Harrisbm-g, Pa.* 64,186 

Harrison, N.J 14,498 

Harrisonburg, Va 4,879 

Hartford, Conn.* 98,91 5 

Hartford, Ind 6,187 

Hartwell, Ohio 2,600 

Harvey,Ill 7,227 

Hastings, Neb.. 9,338 

Hattiesburg, Miss 11,733 

Haverhill, Mass 44, 1 1 5 

Haverstraw, N. Y 5,669 

Hazleton, Pa 25,452 

Helena,Ark 8,772 

Helena, Mont.* 12,515 

Henderson, Ky 11,452 

Herkimer, N.Y 7,520 

Herrin,Ill 6,861 

Hibbing, Minn 8,832 

Highpoint, N. C 9,525 

Hiilsboro.Tex 6,115 

Hillsdale, Mich 5,001 

Hoboken,N.J... 70,324 

Holland, Mich 10.490 

Holvoke,Mass 57,730 

Homestead, Pa 18,713 

Hoosick Falls, N. Y 5,532 

HoDkinsville, Ky 9,419 

Hoquiam,Wash 8,171 

Hornell,N.Y 13,617 

Hot Springs, Ark 14.434 

Houghton, Mich 5.113 

Houlton,Me 5,845 

Houma.La 5,024 

Houston, Tex 78,800 

Houston Heights, Tex . . 6,984 

Hudson, Mass 5,200 

Hudson, N.Y 11,417 

Hudson Falls, N. Y 5,189 

Hugo, Okla 5,000 

Huntingdon, Pa 6,861 

Huntington, Ind 10,272 

Huntington, N Y 5,000 

Huntington, W.Va..:.. 31,161 

Huntsville, Ala 7,611 

Huron, S. Dak 5,791 



Hutchinson, Kan 16,364 

Hyde Park, Mass 14,507 

Ilion,N.Y 6,588 

Independence, Kan 10.480 

Independence, Mo 9,859 

Indiana, Pa 5,749 

Indianapolis, Ind.*... 233,650 
Indian Orchard, Mass. . 6,200 

Iola,Kan 9,032 

Ionia, Mich 5,030 

Iowa City, Iowa 10,091 

Ipswich, Mass 5,000 

Iron Mountain, Mich. . . 9,216 

Ironton, Ohio 13,147 

Tronwood, Mich 12,821 

Irvington, N. T 11,877 

Ishpeming, Mich 12,448 

lthaca,N.Y 14,802 

Jackson, Mich 3 1 ,433 

Jackson, Miss.* 21,262 

Tackson. Ohio 5,468 

Jackson, Tenn 15,779 

Jacksonville, Fla 57,699 



Janesville, Wis 13,894 

Jeannette, Pa 8,077 

Jefferson City, Mo.*.... 11 850 

Jeffersonville, Ind 10,412 

Jersey City, N. J... .' . . 267,779 

Jersey Shore, Pa 5,381 

Johnson City, Tenn 8,502 

Johnstown, N.Y 10,447 

Johnstown, Pa 55,482 

Joliet,lll 34,670' 

Jonesboro, Aik 7,123 

Joplin.Mo 32,073 

Junction Cuy, Kan 5,598 

Juniata, Pa 5,285 

Kalamazoo, Mich 39,437 

Kalispell, Mont 5,549 

Kane, Pa 6,626 

Kankakee, 111 13,986 

Kansas City, Kan 82,331 

Kansas Citv, Mo 248,381 

Kearney, Neb 6,202 

Kearny,N.J 18,659 

Eeene,N.H 10,068 

Kenosha, Wis 21,371 

Kenton, Ohio 7,185 

Keokuk, Iowa 14,008 

Kewanee,Ill 9,307 

Key West, fla 19,945 

Kingston, N. Y 25,908 

Kingston, Pa 6,449 

Kinston.N.C 6,995 

Kirksville, Mo 6,347 

Knoxsville, Pa 5,651 

Knoxville, Tenn 36,346 

Kokomo,lnd 17,010 

Lackawanna, N. Y 14,549 

Laconia,N.H 10,183 

La Crosse, Wis 30.417 

Lafayette, Ind 20,081 

Lafayette, La 6,392 

Lagrange, Ga 5,587 

Lagrange, 111 5.282 

Lake Charles, La 1 1 ,449 

Lake Citv, Fla 5,032 

Lakewood, Ohio 15,181 

Lancaster. Ohio 13,093 

Lancaster, Pa 47,227 

Lansford, Pa 8.321 

Lansing, Mich.* 31,229 

Laporte.Ind 10,525 

Laramie, Wyo 8,237 

Laredo, Tex 14,855 

Larksville. Pa 9,288 

La Salle, 111 11,537 

Las Vegas, N. M 8,600 

Latrobe,Pa 8,777 

Laurel, Miss 8,465 

Laurium, Mich 8,537 

Lavn-ence, Kan 12,374 

Lawrence, Mass 85,892 

Lawton.Okla 7,788 

Lead, S. Dak 8,392 

Leadville, Colo 7,508 

Leavenworth, Kan 19,363 

Lebanon, Ind 5,474 

Lebanon, N.H 5,718 

Lebanon, Pa 19,240 

Lehighton. Pa. 5,316 



Jacksonville, 111 15,326| Leominster, Mass 14,910 

Jamestown, N. Y 31,297 Lestershire, N. Y 5,009 

Jamestown, N. Dak, , , . 6, 1 00 1 Lewiston, Idaho 6,043 



PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES— Continued. 



Lewiston, Me .26,247 

Lewistown, Pa 8,166 

Lexington, Ky 35,099 

Lexington, Mo. 5,242 

Lexington, Va 5,000 

Lima, Ohio 30,508 

Lincoln, 111 10,892 

Lincoln, Neb.* 43,973 

Linton, Ind 5,9C6 

Litchfield, 111 5,971 

Little Falls, Minn 6,078 

Little Falls, N. Y 12,273 



Little Rock, Ark.* 45,941 

Livingston, Mont 5,359 

LockHaven.Pa 7,772 

Lockport.N.Y 17,970 

Logan, Utah 7,522 

Logansport, Ind 19,050 

Longbeach, Cal 1 7,809 

Long Branch, N. J 13,298 

Longview,Tex 5,155 

Lorain, Ohio 28,883 

LosAngeles Cal 319,198 

Louisville, Ky 223,928 

Lowell, Mass 106,294 

Ludington, Mich 9,132 

Luzerne, Pa 5,426 

Lynchourg, Va 29,494 

Lynn, Mass 89,336 

McAlester, Okla 12.954 

McComb, Miss 6,237 

McKeesport, Pa 42,694 

McKees Rocks, Pa 14.702 

Macomb, III 5,774 

Macon, Ga 40,665 

MadisonJU ,.!.. 5,046 

Madison, Ind 6,934 

Madison, Wis.* 25,531 

Madisonville, Ohio 5,193 

Mahanoy City, Pa 15,936 

Maiden, Mass 44,404 

Malone, N.Y 6,467 

Mamaroneck, N. Y 5,699 

Manchester, N. H 70,063 

Manchester, Va 12,200 

Manhattan, Kan 5,722 

Manistee, Mich. 12,381 

Manitowoc, Wis 13,027 

Mankato, Minn 10,365 

Mansfield, Ohio 20,768 

Marblehead, Mass 7,010 

Marietta, Ga 5,949 

Marietta, Ohio 12,923 

Marinette, Wis 14,610 

Marion, III 7,093 

Marion, Ind 19,359 

Marion, Ohio 18,232 

Marlboro, Mass 14,579 

Marquette, Mich 1 1 , 503 

Marshall, Tex 11.452 

Marshalltown, Iowa 13^374 

Marshfield, Wis 5,783 

Martinsburg, W. Va 10,698 

Martins Ferrv, Ohio 9,133 

Marysville, Cal 5,430 

Mason City, Iowa 11,230 

Massillon, Ohio 13,879 

Matteawan, N. Y 6,727 

Mattoon 111 11,456 

Mayfield, Ky 5.916 

Maynard, Mass 5.910 



Maysville, Ky 6,141 

May wood. Ill 8,033 

Meadville,Pa 12,780 



Mechanicsville, N. Y... 6,634 

Medford, Mass 23,150 

Medford, Ore 8,840 

Medina, N.Y.. 5.683 

Melrose, Mass 15,715 

Memphis, Tenn 131,105 

Menasha, Wis 6,08 1 

Menominee, Mich 10,507 

Menomonie, Wis. 5,036 

Meriden, Conn 27,265 

' "■■ '■ 23,285 



Meridian, Miss, 
Merrill, Wis 

Methuen, Mass 9,110 

Mexico, Mo 5,939 

Miami, Fla 5,471 

Michigan City, Ind 19,027 

Middleboro, Mass 5,700 

Middlesboro, Ky 7,305 

Middletown, Conn 11,851 

Middletown, N. Y 15,313 

Middletown, Ohio 13,152 

Middletown, Pa 5,374 

Milford, Mass 12,910 

Millvale,Pa 7,861 

MilIville,N. J 12,451 

Milton, Mass 7,210 

Milton, Pa 7,460 

Milwaukee, Wis 373,857 

Minersville, Pa 7 , 2 40 

Minneapolis, Minn 301,408 

Minot,N.Dak 6,188 

Mishawaka, Ind 11,886 

Missoula, Mont 12,869 

Mitchell, S. Dak 6.515 

Moberly, Mo 10^923 

Mobile, Ala 51,521 

Moline, 111 24,199 

Monessen,Pa 11,775 

Monmouth. Ill 9,128 

Mononga hela, Pa 7,598 

Monroe, La 10,209 

Monroe, Mich 6,893 

Montclair, N. J 21,550 

Montgomery, Ala.* 38,136 

Montpelier, Vt.* 7,856 

Morenci, Ariz 7,000 

Morgan City, La 5,477 

Morgantown, W. Va 9,150 

Morristown, N. J 12,507 

Moundsville, W. Va 8,918 

Mt. Carmel, 111 6,934 

Mt. Carmel.Pa 17,532 

Mt. Clemens, Mich 7,707 

Mt. Pleasant, Pa 5,812 

Mt. Vernon, 111 8,007 

Mt. Vernon, Ind 5,563 

Mt. Vernon, N.Y 30,919 

Mt. Vernon, Ohio 9,087 

Muncie, Ind 24,005 

Munhall,Pa 5,185 

Murphysboro, 111 7,485 

Muscatine, Iowa 16,178 

Muskegon, Mich 24,062 

Muskogee, Okla 25,278 

Nanticoke, Pa 18,877 

Napa, Cal 15,791 

Nashua, N. H 26,005 

Nashville. Tenn.* 110,364 



Natchez, Miss 1 1,791 

Natick, Mass 8,900 

Natick, R.I 5,000 

Naugatuck, Conn 12,722 

Nebraska City, Neb. . 5,488 

Neenah.Wis 5,734 

Negaunee, Mich 8,460 

Nelsonville, Ohio 6,082 

Nevada, Mo 7,176 

New Albany, Ind 20,629 

Newark, N.J 347,469 

Newark, N.Y 6,227 

Newark, Ohio 25,404 

New Bedford, Mass 96,652 

Newbern, N. C 9,961 

Newberry S.C 5,028 

New Brighton, Pa 8,329 

New Britain, Conn 43,916 

New Brunswick, N. J.. . 23,388 

Newburgh, N. Y. 27,805 

Newburg, Ohio 5,813 

Newburyport, Mass 14,949 

Newcastle, Ind..... 9,446 

New Castle, Pa 36,280 

New Decatur, Ala 6,118 

New Haven, Conn 133,605 

New Iberia, La 7,499 

New Kensington, Pa 7,707 

New London, Conn 19 659 

Newnan, Ga 5,548 

New Orleans, La 339,075 

New Philadelphia, Ohio 8,542 

Newport, Ky 30,309 

Newport, R.I 27,149 

Newport News, Va 20,205 

New Rochelle, N. Y 28,867 

Newton, Kan 7,862 

Newton, Mass 39,806 

Newton Center, Mass.. . 6,000 

Newtonville, Mass 5,700 

New Ulm, Minn 5,648 

New York, N. Y 4,776,883 

Niagara Falls, N. Y 30,445 

Niles, Mich 5,156 

Niles, Ohio 8,361 

Noblesville, Ind 5,073 

Norfolk, Neb 6,02 5 

Norfolk, Va 67,452 

Norristown, Pa 27,875 

North Adams, Mass 22,019 

Northampton, Mass 19,43 1 

Northampton, Pa. 8,729 

North Andover , Mass . . . 5,210 
North Attleboro, Mass.. 7,9 10 
North Braddock, Pa.. . . 11,824 
North Plainfield, N. T... 6,117 
North Tarrytown, N. Y 5,421 
North Tonawanda, N.Y 11,955 
North Yakima, Wish... 14,082 

Norwalk, Conn 6,954 

Norwalk, Ohio 7,858 

Norwich, Conn 20,367 

Norwich, N.Y 7,422 

Norwood, Mass 7,910 

Norwood, Ohio 16,185 

Nutley.N.J 6,009 

Oakland, Cal 150,174 

Oak Park, III 19,444 

Oconto, Wis 5,629 

Oelwein, Iowa 6,028 

Ogden, Utah. - 25,580 



PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES— Continued. 



Ogdensburg.N.Y 15,933 

Oil City, Pa 15,657 

Oklahoma, Okla 64,205 

Oidforge,Pa 11,324 

Oldtown.Me 6,317 

Olean.N.Y 14,743 

01ney,Ill 5,011 

Olympia, Wash.* 6,996 

01yphant,Pa 8,505 

Omaha, Neb 124,096 

Oneida,N.Y.. 8,317 

Oneonta,N.Y 9,491 

Orange, N.J 29,630 

Orange, Tex 5,527 

Orangeburg, S C 5,906 

Oshkosh,Wis 33,062 

Oskaloosa, Iowa 9,466 

Ossining,N.Y 11 

Oswego, N. Y 23,368 

Ottawa, 111 9,535 

Ottawa, Kan 7,650 

Ottumwa, Iowa 22,012 

Owatonna, Minn 5,658 

Owensboro, Ky 16,011 

Owosso, Mich. 9,6"" 

Paducah, Ky 22,760 

Painesville, Ohio 5,501 

Palestine, Tex 10,482 

Palmer, Mass 5,950 

Pana,Ill 6,055 

Paragould, Ark 5 248 

Paris, 111 7o64 

Paris, Ky 5,859 

Paris, Tex 11,269 

Park,Tenn 5,126 

Parkersburg, W. Va 1 7,842 

Parsons, Kan 12,463 

Pasadena, Cal 30,291 

Passaic,N.J. 54,773 

Paterson,N. J 125,600 

Pawtucket, R. 1 51,622 

Peabody, Mass 14,910 

Peekskill,N.Y 15,245 

Pekin,Ill 9,897 

PennYan.N.Y 4,597 

Pensacola, Fla 22,982 

Peoria, 111 66,950 

Perth Amboy, N. J 32,121 

Peru.IU 7,984 

Peru,Ind 10,910 

Petaluma.Cal 8,580 

Petersburg, Va 24,127 

Philadelphia, Pa 1,549,008 

Phillipsburg, N. J. .. . 13,903 

Phoenix. Ariz.* 11,134 

Phoenixville, Pa 10,743 

Pierre, S. Dak.* 3,656 

Pinebluff, Ark 15,102 

Piqua, Ohio 13,388 

Pittsburg, Kan 14,755 

Pittsburg, Pa 533,905 

Pittsfield, Mass 32,121 

Pittston, Pa. 16,267 

Plainfield, N. J 20,550 

Plattsburg, N. Y 11,138 



Plymouth, Mass. 
Plymouth, Pa. . . . 
PocateUo, Idaho. 

Pomona, Cal 

Pontiac, 111 



11,200 
16,996 
9,110 
10.207 



Poplarbluff , Mo 6,916 

Portage, Wis 5,440 

Port Arthur, Tex 7,663 

Port Chester, N. Y 12,809 

Port Huron, Mich 18,863 

PortJervis.N.Y 9.564 

Portland,Ind 5,130 

Portland, Me 58,571 

Portland, Ore 207,214 

Portsmouth, N. H 11,269 

Portsmouth, Ohio 23,481 

Portsmouth, Va 33,190 



Pottstown, Pa 

Pottsville, Pa 

Poughkeepsie, N. Y . . . 

Prescott, Ariz 

Presque Isle, Me . .... 

Princeton, Ind 

Princeton, N. J 

Providence, R. I.* 



. 15,599 
. 20,236 
. 27.936 
5,092 
. 5,179 
. 6,448 
. 5,136 
224,326 



Provo,Utah, 8,925 

Pueblo, Colo 44,395 

Punxsutawney, Pa 9,058 

Putnam, Conn 6,637 

Quincy.Ill 36,587 

Quincy, Mass 32,642 

Racine, Wis 38,002 

Radford, Va 4,202 

Rahway,N,J 9,337 

Raleigh, N. C* 19,218 

Rankin Station, Pa 6,042 

Raton. N.M 5,100 

Ravenna, Ohio 5,310 

Reading, Pa 96,071 

Red Bank, N.J 7 398 

Redlands, Cal. 10,449 

Red Wing, Minn 9,048 

Reno, Nev 10,867 

Rensselaer, N. Y 10,711 

Revere, Mass 18,219 

Rhinelander, Wis 5,637 

Richmond, Cai 6,802 

Richmond, Ind 22,324 

Richmond, Ky 5,340 

Richmond, Va.* 127,628 

Ridgewood, N. J 5,416 

Ridgway,Pa 5,408 

Riverside, Cal 15,212 

Roanoke, Va 34,874 

Rochester, Minn 7,844 

Rochester, N. H 8,868 

Rochester, N. Y 218,149 

Rochester, Pa 5,903 

Rockford,Ill 45,401 

Rockhill,S.C 7,216 

Rock Island, 111 24,335 

Rockland, Me 8,174 

Rock Springs. Wyo 5,778 

Rockville, Conn 7,977 

Rockymount, N. C 8,051 

Rome, Ga 12,099 

Rome,N.Y 20,497 

Roosevelt, N.J 5,786 

Rosedale, Kan 5,960 

Roswell,N.M 6,172 

Rumford Falls, Me 5,427 

Rutherford, N. J 7,045 

Rutland, Vt 13,546 

Saco, Me 6,583 



6.090|Sacramento, Cal.*. 



Pontiac, Mich „ . . . 14,532lSaginaw, Mich. 



44.696 
50,510 



St. Albans, Vt 6,381 

Saint Augustine, Fla 5,494 

St. Bernard, Ohio 5,002 

St. Charles, Mo 9,437 

St. Clair. Pa. (Allegheny 

Co.) 5,640 

St. Clair, Pa. (Schuylkill 

Co.) 6,455 

St. Cloud, Minn 10,600 

St. Johnsbury, Vt 7,000 

St. Joseph, Mich 5,936 

St. Joseph, Mo... 77,403 

St. Louis, Mo 687,029 

St. Marys, Ohio 5,732 

St. Marys, Pa 6,346 

St. Paul, Minn.* 214.744 

Salamanca, N. Y 5.792 

Salem, Mass 43,697 

Salem,N.J 6,614 

Salem, Ohio... 8,943 

Salem, Ore.* 14,094 

Salina, Kan 9,688 

Salisbury, Md 6,690 

Salisbury, N. C 7,153 

Salt Lake City, Utah.*. . 92,777 

San Angelo, Tex 13,321 

San Antonio, Tex 96,614 

San Bernardino, Cal.... 12,779 

SanDiego, Cal 39,578 

Sandusky, Ohio 19,989 

Sanford, Me 9,049 

San Francisco, Cal 416,912 

San Jose, Cal 28,946 

SanLuis Obispo, Cal... 5,157 

San Rafael, Cal 5,934 

Santa Ana, Cal 8,429 

Santa Barbara, Cal 11,659 

Santa Cruz, Cal 11,146 

Santa Fe.N.M.* 5,072 

Santa Monica, Ca! 7,847 

Santa Rosa. Cal 7,817 

Sapulpa, Okla 5,000 

Saratoga Springs. N. Y.. 12,693 
Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. 12,615 

Savannah, Ga 65,064 

Sayre, Pa 6,426 

Schenectady, N. Y 72,826 

Scottdale, Pa 5,456 

Scranton, Pa 129,867 

Seattle, Wash 237,194 

Sedaha, Mo 17,822 

Selrna.Ala 13,649 

Seneca Falls, N. Y 6,588 

Seymour, Ind 6,305 

Shamokin, Pa 19,588 

Sharon, Pa 15,270 

Sharpsburg, Pa 8,153 

Shawnee, Okla ..12,474 

Sheboygan, Wis...:.... 26,398 

Shelby ville, Ind 9,500 

Shenandoah, Pa 25,774 

Sheridan, Wvo 8,408 

Sherman, Tex 12.412 

Shreveport, La 28,015 

Sidney. Ohio 6,607 

Sioux City, Iowa 47,828 

Sioux Falls, S. Dak 14,094 

Skowhegan, Me 5,341 

Solvay,N.Y 5,139 

Somersworth, N. H 6,704 

Somerville, Mass .... 77,23<i' 



PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES— Continued. 



Somerville, N. J 5,060 

South Amboy, N. J 7.007 

South Bend, Ind 53,684 

South Bethlehem, Pa. . . 19,973 

Southbridge, Mass 10,210 

South Framingham.Mass. 9,100 

South Haven, Mich 6,000 

South Manchester, Conn 9,000 
South Milwaukee, Wis. . 6,092 
South Norwalk, Conn.. . 8,968 

South Omaha, Neb 26.259 

South Orange, N. J 6,014 

South Portland, Me 7,471 

South Sharon, Pa 10,190 

Spartanburg, S.C...... 17,517 

Spencer, Mass 6,500 

Spokane, Wash 104,402 

Springfield, 111.* 51,678 

Springfield, Mass 88,926 

Springfield, Mo 35,201 

Springfield, Ohio 46,921 

Spring Valley, 111 7,035 

Stamford, Conn 25.138 

Staunton. Ill 5,048 

Staunton, Va 10,604 

Steelton, Pa 14,246 

Sterling,Ill 7,467 

Steubenville, Ohio 22,391 

Stevens Point, Wis 8,692 

Stillwater, Minn 10,198 

Stockton, Cal 23,253 

Stoneham, Mass .* 6,910 

Streator, 111 14,253 

Suffolk, Va 7,600 

Sulphur Springs, Tex.. 5,151 

Summit, N.J 7,500 

Sumter,S.C 8,109 

Sunbury, Pa 13,770 

Superior, Wis 40,384 

Swampscott, Mass 5.910 

Swissvale, Pa 7,381 

Swoyersville, Pa 5,396 

Syracuse, N.Y 137,249 

Tacoma, Wash 83,743 

Talladega, Ala 5,854 

Tallahassee, Fla.* 5,018 

Tamaqua, Pa 9,462 

Tampa, Fla 37,782 

Tarentum,Pa 7,414 

Tarrytown, N, Y 5,600 

Taunton, Mass 34,259 

Taylor, Pa 9,060 

Taylor, Tex 5,314 

Taylorville, 111 5.446 

Temple, Tex 10,993 

Terre Haute, Ind 58,157 

Terrell, Tex 7,050 

Texarkana, Ark ,. 5,655 

Texarkana, Tex 9, 7 90 

Thomasville, Ga 6,727 

Thompsonville, Conn. . . 6.000 
Three Rivers, Mich..,. . 5.072 

Throop.Pa 5,133 

Tiffin, Ohio 11,894 

F-7 



Titusville, Pa 8,533 

Toledo, Ohio 168,497 

Tombstone, Ariz 5,000 

Tonawanda, N. Y 8,290 

Topeka, Kan.* 43,684 

Torrington, Conn 15,483 

Traverse City, Mich.... 12,115 

Trenton, Mo 5,656 

Trenton, N. J.* 96.81 5 

Trinidad, Colo 10,204 

Troy.N.Y 76,813 

Troy, Ohio 6.122 

Tucson, Ariz 13,193 

Tulsa, Okla 18,182 

Turners Falls, Mass 5,200 

Tuscaloosa, Ala 8,407 

TwinFalls, Idaho 5,258 

Tyler, Tex 10,400 

Tyrone.Pa 7,176 

Union,N.J 21,023 

Union, S.C 5,623 

Uniontown, Pa 13,344 

Urbana. Ill 8,245 

Urbana,Ohio 7,73° 

Utica,N.Y 74,419 

Valdosta, Ga 7,656 

Vallejo,Cal 11,340 

Valley City, N. Dak.... 5,100 

Valparaiso, Ind 6,987 

Vancouver, Wash 9,300 

Van Wert, Ohio... 7,157 

Vicksburg, Miss 20,814 

Vincennes, Ind 14,895 

Vineland,N.J 5,282 

Virginia, Minn 10,473 

Wabash, Ind.... 8,687 

Waco, Tex 26,425 

Wahpeton, N. Dak 5,100 

Wakefield, Mass 11,310 

Walla Walla, Yvash 19,364 

Wallingford, Conn 8,690 

Waltham,Mass 27,834 

Wapakoneta, Ohio 5,349 

Ware, Mass 8,000 

Warren, Ohio 11,081 

Warren, Pa 11,080 

Warren, R.I 6,450 

Washington, D. C 331,069 

Washington, Ind 7,854 

Washington. N. C 6,211 

Washington C. H., Ohio 7,277 

Washington, Pa 18,778 

WaterbiuT?, Conn 73,141 

Waterloo, Iowa 26,693 

Watertown, Mass 12,800 

Watertown, N. Y 26,730 

Watertown, S. Dak 7,010 

Watertown, Wis 8,829 

Waterville.Me... 11,458 

WatervIiet,N Y 15,074 

Watkins, N. Y 5,000 

Waukegan, 111 1 6,069 

Waukesha, Wis 8,740 

Wausau, Wis 16,560 



Waxahachie, Tex 


. 6,205 


Wavcross, Ga 


. 14,48S 


Waynesboro, Pa 


. 7,199 


Weatherford, Tex 


. 5,074 


Webb City, Mo 


. 11,817 


Webster, Mass 


. 10,210 


Webster .Iowa.. 


.. 5,208 


\\ eb«ter Groves, Mo. . 


. 7,080 


\\ eehawken, N. J 


. 11,228 


Wellington, Kan 


. 7,034 


Wellston, Mo.. 


.. 7,312 


V\ellston, Ohio 


6 875 


Well.sville,Ohio.... 


. 7,769 


West Allis, Wis 


. 6,645 


Westbrook.Me 


. 8,281 


Westchester, Pa.... 


. 11,767 


Westerly, R.I 


. 8,100 


Westfield, Mass 


. 15,000 


Westfield,N.J 


. 6,420 


West Haven, Conn. . . 


. 8,543 


WestHoboken, N. J.. 


. 35,403 


West Newton. Mass.. 


. 7,200 


West New York, N.J. 


. 13,560 


West Orange, N. J... 


. 10,980 


W est Pittston, Pa 


. 6,848 


West Tampa, Fla 

Wheeling, W. Va 


. 8,258 


.41,641 


White Plains, N.Y... 


. 15,949 


Whitiner, Ind 


. 6,587 


\\ hitman. Mass 


. 6,000 


\\ichita, Kan... .... 


..52,450 


Wichita Falls, Tex.... 


. 8,200 


Wilkes Barre, Pa 


.67,105 


W ilkinsburg, Pa 


. 18,924 


W illiamsport. Pa 


.31.860 


\\ illimantic. Conn 


. 11,230 


W ilmerding. Pa 


. 6,133 


\^ilmington, Del 


.87<411 


Wilmington. N.C 


. 25,748 


Wilson, N.C 


. 6,717 


Windber,Pa 


. 8,013 


Winchester, Kv 


. 7,156 


V\ inchester, Mass 


. 6.000 


Winchester, Va 


. 5,864 


Winfield, Kan 


. 6,700 




. 18,583 


Winsted, Conn 


. 7,754 


Winston Salem. N.C, 


.22,700 


Winthrop, Mass 


. 10,132 


Wmton, Pa 


. 5,280 




. 15,308 


Wocnsocket, R. I 


.38,125 


Woc^ter, Ohio 


6 136 


Worcester, Mass 


145,986 


Wyandotte, Mich 


. 8,287 


Xenia,Ohio 


. 8,706 


Yazoo City, Miss. . . . . . 


. 6,796 


Yonkers, N.Y 


. 79,803 


York, Neb 


. 6,235 


York, Pa.. 


. 44,750 


Youngstown, Ohio 


. 79,066 


Ypsilanti, Mich 


. 6,230 


ZanesviUe, Ohio 


. 28,026 



1910 CENSUS 
QNITED STATES AND TERRITORIES 



c- = 

States 

AND 

Territories 

Alabama 

Arizona ■ 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut ' 

Delaware 

District of Colu.nuia.. 

FloriJ.i 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska , 

Nevada , 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

New Mexico 

New York 

North Carolina 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina 

South Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Continental tj. S 

Alaska 

Hawaii 

Porto Rico. . . . 

Military andNaval 
U. S. including depend 
encies named above. 



POPULATION 



1910 



2,138,093 

204,354 
1,574,449 
2,377,549 

799,024 
1,114,756 

202,322 

331,069 

752,619 
2,609,121 

325,594 
5,638,591 
2,700,876 
2,224,771 
1,690,949 
2,289,905 
1,656,388 

742,371 
1,295,346 
3,366,416 
2,810,173 
2,075,708 
1,797,114 
3,293,335 

376,053 

1,192,214 

Sl,575 

430,572 
2,537,167 

327,301 
9,113,614 
2,206,287 

577,056 
4,767,121 
1,657,155 

672,765 
7,665,111 

542,610 
1,515,400 

583,888 
2,184,789 
3.896,542 

373,351 

355,956 
2,061,612 
1,141,990 
1,221,119 
2,333,860 

145,965 

91,972,266 

64,356 

191,909 

1,118,012 

55,608 



1900 



1,828,697 

122,931 

1,311,564 

1,485,053 

539,700 

908,420 

184,735 

278,718 

528,542 

2,216,331 

161,772 

4,821,550 

2,516,462 

2,231,853 

1,470,495 

2,147,174 

1,381,625 

694,466 

1,188,044 

2,805,346 

2,420,982 

1,751,394 

1,551,270 

3,106,665 

243,329 

1,066,300 

42,335 

^ 411,588 

1,883,669 

195,310 

7,268,894 

1,893,810 

319,146 

4,157,545 

b 790,391 

413,536 

6,302,115 

428,556 

1,340,316 

401.570 

2,020,616 

3,048,710 

276,749 

343,641 

1,854,184 

518,103 

958,800 

2,069,042 

92,531 

75,994,575 

63,592 

154,001 

c 953,243 

91,219 



1890 



93,402,151 77,256,630 



1,513,401 

88,243 

1,128,211 

1,213,398 

413.249 

746,258 

168,4931 

230,392 

391,422 

1,837,353 

88,548 

3,826,352 

2,192,404 

1,912,297 

1,428,108 

1,858,635 

1,118,588 

661,086 

1,042,390 

2,238,947 

2,093,890 

1,310,283 

1,289,600 

2,679,185 

142,924 

1,062,656 

47,355 

376,530 

1,444,933 

160,282 

6,003,174 

1,617,949 

190,983 

3.672,329 

b 258,657 

, 317,704 

5,258,113 

345,506 

1,151,149 

' 348,600 

1,767,518 

2,235,527 

210,779 

332,422 

1,655,980 

357,232 

762,794 

1,693,330 

62,555 

62,947,714 

32,052 

89,990 



Pr. Ct. Increase 



190.) to 


1890 to 


1910 


1900 


16.9 


20.8 


66.2 


39.3 


20.0 


16.3 


60.1 


22.4 


48.0 


30.6 


22.7 


21.7 


9.5 


9.6 


18.8 


21.0 


42.4 


35.0 


17.7 


20.6 


101.3 


82.7 


16.9 


26.0 


7.3 


14.8 


aO.3 


16.7 


15.0 


3.0 


6.6 


15.5 


19.9 


23.5 


6.9 


5.0 


9.0 


14.0 


20.0 


25-3 


16.1 


15.6 


18.5 


33.7 


15.8 


20.3 


6.0 


16.0 


54.5 


70.3 


11.8 


0.3 


93.^ 


alO.6 


4.6 


9.3 


34.7 


30.4 


67.5 


21.9 


25.^ 


21.1 


16.5 


17.1 


80.8 


67.1 


14.7 


13.2 


bl09.7 


b205.6 


62.7 


30.2 


21.6 


19.9 


26.6 


24-0 


13.1 


16.4 


45.4 


IS. 2 


8.1 


14.3 


27.8 


36.4 


34.9 


31.3 


3.6 


3.4 


11.2 


12-0 


120.4 


45-0 


27.4 


25.7 


12.8 


22.2 


57.7 


47.9 


21.0 


20-7 


1.2 


98-4 


24.6 


71.1 



63,069,756 I 



20.9 (d) 



(a) Decrease, (b) For purposes of comparison the 1900 population figures of 
Oklahoma and Indian Territory are combined, (o) 1899. (d) In the last line of this 
table the 1900 and 1390 population figures do not include Porto Rico. 



POPULATION OF CANADA. 
The following tables are compiled from the reports of the fifth census 
of Canada, taken June 1, 1911, as officially corrected in 1912: 



GROWTH OF POPULATION IN 1665-1911 

Year. Population. Increase. Year. Population. Increase. 



1665. 


3,251 




1871. 


.3,485,761 


395,200 


1763. 


. 70,000 


66,749 


1881. 


.4,324,810 


839,049 


1801. 


. 240,000 


170,000 


1891. 


.4,833,239 


508,429 


1825. 


. 581,920 


341,920 


1901. 


.5,371,315 


538,076 


1851. 


.1.842,265 


1,260,345 


1911. 


.7,205,364 


1,834,049 


1861. 


.3,090,561 


1,248,296 









GROWTH BY PROVINCES IN 1901-1911 

Increase 
Provinces. 1911. 1901. Increase, per cent. 



Alberta 


374,663 


73,022 


301,641 


413.08 


British 










Columbia . 


392,480 


178,657 


213,823 


119.68 


Manitoba . . 


455,614 


255,211 


200,403 


78.52 


New Brunswic 


K 351,889 


331,120 


20,769 


6.27 


Nova Scotia . 


. 492,338 


459,574 


32,764 


7. ,13 


Ontario 


5 .n2.'? 5>74 


2,182,947 


340,327 


15.58 


Prince Edward 




Island . . . 


. 93,728 


103,259 


*— 9,531 


— 9.23 


Quebec 


.2,003,238 


1,648,898 


354,340 


21.46 


Saskatchewan 


492,432 


91,279 


401,153 


439.48 


N. W. Terri- 










tories 


. 17,19ff 


20,129 


*— 2,933 


—14.57 


Yukon 


8,512 


27,129 


*— 18,707 


—68.73 


Totals ... 


7,205,364 


5,371,315 


1,834,049 


34.15 


*Decrease. 











POPULATION BY PROVINCES. DISTRICTS, AND 
SEX IN 1911. 











Total 


Provinces and 


Population in 


1911. 


Pop. 


Districts. 


Male. 


Female. 


Total. 


1901. 


ALBEKTA. 


223,989 


150,674 


374,663 


73,022 


Calgary 


36,991 


23,511 


60,502 


8,362 


Edmonton 


34,567 


22,478 


57,045 


12,823 


Macleod 


20,516 


13,988 


34,504 


7,856 


Medicine Hat 


43,724 


26,882 


70,606 


10,804 


Bed Deer 


37,085 


24,287 


61,372 


10,314 


Strathcona . . . 


28,536 


20,937 


49,473 


12,345 


Victoria . . . ; . 


22,570 


18,591 


41,161 


10,518 


BRITISH 










COLUMBIA. 


251,619 


140,861 


392,480 


178,657 


Comox-Atlin . 


30,969 


11,294 


42,263 


21,457 


Kootenay 


33,974 


16,798 


50.772 


31,962 


Nanaimo 


20.124 


11,698 


31,822 


22,293 


New West- 










minster . . . 


35,906 


19,773 


55,679 


23,976 


Vancouver City 


74,390 


49,512 


123,902 


28,895 


Victoria City. 


19,089 


•12,571 


31,660 


20,919 


Yale and 










Cariboo 


37,167 


19,215 


56,382 


29,155 


MANITOBA. 


250,056 


20.5,558 


455,614 


255,211 


Brandon 


22.127 


17.607 


39.734 


25,047 



Provinces and 

Districts. 



Population in 1911. 
Male. Female. Total. 



Total 
Pop. 
1901. 



Dauphin 


24,384 


19,616 


44,000 


22,631 


Lisgar 


12,304 


11,197 


23,501 


24,736 


Macdonald ... 


19,984 


15,857 


35,841 


23,866 


Marquette . . . 


18,829 


14,769 


33,598 


20.431 


Portage la 










Prairie 


15,o65 


12,385 


27,950 


23.483 


Provencher . . . 


21,732 


18,961 


40,693 


24,434 


Selkirk 


28,879 


24,212 


53,091 


24,021 


Souris 


16,142 


12,907 


29,049 


24,222 


Winnipeg City 


70,110 


58,047 


128,157 


42.340 


NEW 










BRUNSWICK. 


179,867 


172,022 


351,889 


331.120 


Carleton 


11,034 


10,412 


21,446 


21.621 


Charlotte 


10,774 


10,373 


21,147 


22,415 


Gloucester . . . 


16,588 


16,074 


32,662 


27.936 


Kent 


12,435 


11,941 


24.376 


23.958 


Kings and 










Albert 


15,470 


14,815 


30,285 


32,580 


Northumberland 


16,150 


15,044 


31,194 


28,543 


Eestigouche . . 


8,434 


7,253 


15,687 


10,586 


St. John City 










and County. 


26,082 


27,490 


53,572 


51.759 


Sunbury and 










Queens 


8,986 


8,130 


17,116 


16.906 


Victoria and 










Madawaska. . 


15.086 


13,136 


28,222 


21,136 


Westmoreland 


22.703 


21.918 


44,621 


42,060 


York 


16.125 


15.436 


31.561 


31,620 


NOVA 










SCOTIA. 


251,019 


241,319 


492.338 


459,574 


Annapolis 


9,374 


9,207 


18,581 


18,842 


Antigonish . . . 


5,915 


6,047 


11,962 


13,617 


Cape Breton N. 










and Victoria 


15,435 


14,453 


29,888 


24,650 


Cape Breton S. 


28,853 


24,499 


53,352 


35,087 


Colchester . . . 


11,746 


11,718 


23,664 


24,900 


Cumberland . 


20.708 


19,8.35 


40,543 


36,168 


Digby 


10,206 


9,961 


20,167 


20,322 


Guysborough . 


8,858 


8,190 


17,048 


18,320 


Halifax City 










and County. 


40,061 


40,196 


80,257 


74,662 


Hants 


10.016 


9.687 


19,703 


20,056 


Inverness 


13,079 


12,492 


25,571 


24,353 


Kings 


10,995 


10,785 


21.780 


21,937 


Lunenburg ... 


17,121 


16,139 


33,260 


32,389 


Pictou 


18,213 


17,645 


35,858 


33,459 


Richmond 


6,828 


6,445 


13,273 


13,515 


Shelburne and 










Queens 


12,261 


11,950 


24,211 


24,428 


Yarmouth . . . 


11,350 


11,870 


23,220 


22,869 


ONTARIO. 1 


299,253 1.223,955 2,523,208 


2,182,947 


Algoma, East . 


28,938 


15,690 


44,628 


25,211 


Algoma, West. 


17,922 


10,782 


28,704 


17,894 


Brant 


9,735 


9,524 


19,259 


18,273 


Brantford 


13,750 


12,867 


26,617 


19,867 


Brockvill© 


8,990 


9,541 


18,531 


18,721 


Bruce, North.. 


12,166 


11,617 


23,783 


27,424 


Bruce, South.. 


13,284 


12,965 


26,249 


31,596 


Carleton 


14,762 


13,644 


28,406 


24,380 


Dufferin 


9.229 


8.511 


17.740 


?1,0.36 











Total 










Total 


Provinces and 


Population in 


1911. 


Pop. 


Provinces and 


Population in 


1911. 


Pop. 


Districts. 


Male. 


Female. 


Total. 


1901. 


Districts. 


Male. 


Female. 


Total. 


1901. 


Dundas 


9,048 


9,117 


18,165 


19,757 


Toronto, North 24,499 


31,970 


56.469 


40,886 


Durham 


13,617 


12,794 


26,411 


27,570 


Toronto. South 24.312 


19,644 


43.956 


38,108 


Elgin. East... 


9,002 


8,595 


17,597 


17,901 


Toronto, West 


51.593 


53,698 


105,291 


44,991 


Elgin, West... 


13,469 


13,246 


26,715 


25,685 


Victoria 


19,068 


17,431 


36,499 


38.511 


Essex. North.. 


19,497 


18,509 


38,006 


28,789 


Waterloo. N. 


16,616 


17,003 


33,619 


27.124 


Essex, South. . 


15,070 


14,471 


29,541 


29,955 


Waterloo. S . 


14.475 


14,513 


28,988 


25,470 


Frontenac 


11,492 


10,452 


21,944 


24,746 


Welland .... 


22.272 


19,891 


42,163 


31,588 


Glengarry .... 


10.608 


10,651 


21,259 


22.131 


Wellington. N 


11,366 


10.926 


22,292 


26,120 


Grenville 


8,479 


9,066 


17,545 


21,021 


Wellington. S 


16,265 


15,935 


32,200 


29.526 


Grey, East.... 


10,145 


9,505 


19,650 


23.663 


Wentworth . . 


17,724 


16.910 


34.634 


26.818 


Grey, North. . . 


13,778 


13,213 


26,991 


24,874 


York. Centre. 


13.827 


12,221 


26,048 


21.505 


Grey, South. . . 


9,725 


9,525 


19,250 


21,053 


York. North . 


11.456 


10,959 


22.415 


22.419 


Haldimand . . . 


11,045 


10,517 


21,562 


21,233 


York. South. 


34,703 


33.315 


. 68.018 


20,699 


Halton 


11,535 


10,673 


22,208 


19,545 


PRINCE 










Hamilton. East 


20,989 


18,804 


39,793 


24,000 


EDWARD 










Hamilton, West 


18,644 


18,635 


37,279 


28,634 


ISLAND. 


47,069 


46,659 


93,728 


103.259 


Hastings, East 


13,075 


11,903 


24,978 


27,943 


Kings 


11,598 


11,038 


22,636 


24.725 


Hastings, West 


15,437 


15,388 


30,825 


31,348 


Prince 


16,551 


16,228 


32,779 


35.409 


Huron. East. . . 


8,090 


8,199 


16,289 


19,227 


Queens 


18,920 


19,393 


38.313 


43.134 


Huron, South . 


9,764 


9,744 


19,508 


22,881 


QUEBEC. 


1,011,247 


991,465 


2.002.712 


1.648.898 


Huron, West. . 


8,452 


8,734 


17,186 


19.712 


Argenteuil . . 


8,657 


8,109 


16,766 


16,407 


Kent, East..., 


12,137 


11,561 


23,698 


25,328 


Bagot 


9,135 


9,071 


18.206 


18,181 


Kent, West . . . 


16,414 


17,883 


32,297 


31,866 


Beauce 


26.035 


25,364 


51.399 


■ 43,129 


Kingston 


9,825 


10,835 


20,660 


19,788 


Beauliarnois 


10,640 


10,162 


20.802 


21.732 


Lambton, East 


11,267 


10,956 


22,223 


26,919 


Bellechasse . 


10,632 


10,509 


21.141 


18,706 


Lambton, West 


14,901 


14,208 


29,109 


29,723 


BertMer 


9,950 


9,922 


19,872 


19,980 


Lanark, North 


7,018 


7,606 


14,624 


17,236 


Bonaventure . 


14,379 


13,731 


28,110 


24.495 


Lanark, South 


9,904 


9,847 


19,751 


19,996 


Brome 


6,871 


6,345 


13.216 


13.397 


Leeds 


9,146 


9,058 


18,204 


19,254 


Chambly and 










Lennox and 










Vercheres . 


14,327 


14,388 


28,715 


24,318 


Addington . 


10,131 


10,255 


20.386 


23.346 


Champlain . . 


23,293 


19,465 


42,758 


32.015 


Lincoln 


17,902 


17,527 


35,429 


30,552 


'Charlevoix .. 


10,649 


9,988 


20,637 


19,334 


London 


21,901 


24,399 


46.300 


37,976 


Chateauguay 


6,647 


6,675 


13.322 


13.583 


Middlesex, East 


10,666 


10,148 


20.814 


20,228 


Chicoutimi and 








Middlesex, No. 


7,011 


6,726 


13,737 


16,419 


Saguenay . 


32,729 


30,612 


63,341 


48,291 


Middlesex.West 


8,164 


8,050 


16,214 


-18,079 


Compton 


15,655 


13,975 


29,630 


26.460 


Muskoka 


11,204 


10,029 


21,233 


20,971 


Deux- 










Nippissing 


43,284 


30,846 


74,130 


28, .309 


Montagnes 


7,002 


6,866 


13,868 


14,438 


Norfolk 


13,702 


13,408 


27,110 


29,147 


Dorchester . . 


12,930 


12,166 


25,096 


21.00T 


Northumber- 










Drummond and 








land, East. . 


10,307 


9,620 


19,927 


20.495 


Arthabaska.. 


21,233 


20,357 


41,590 


38.999 


Northumber- 










Gaspe 


18,195 


16,806 


35,001 


30.683 


land, West.. 


6.356 


6,609 


12,965 


13,055 


Hochelaga . . 


36,707 


38,342 


75,049 


56,919 


Ontario, North 


8,797 


8,344 


17,141 


18,390 


Huntingdon . 


6,707 


6,533 


13.240 


13,979 


Ontario, South 


12,263 


11,602 


23,865 


22,018 


Jacques-Cartier 32,737 


32,286 


65,023 


26,168 


Ottawa City. . 


34,790 


38,403 


73,193 


57,640 


Joliette 


11,841 


12,070 


23,911 


22,255 


Oxford, North. 


12,691 


12,386 


25,077 


25,644 


Kamouraska . 


10,619 


10,269 


20,888 


19.099 


Oxford, South. 


11,355 


10,939 


22,294 


22,760 


Labelle 


21.131 


19,220 


40.351 


32,901 


Parry Sound.. 


14,460 


12,087 


26,547 


24,936 


Lapralrie and 










Peel 


11.644 


10,458 


22,10^ 


21,475 


Napierville 


9,937 


9,398 


19,385 


19.633 


Perth, North. . 


15,241 


14,994 


30,235 


29,256 


L'Assomption . 


7.577 


7,587 


15,164 


13,995 


Perth, South.. 


9,677 


9,270 


18,947 


20,615 


Laval 


15,370 


14-,607 


29,977 


19,743 


Peterborough, E. 


8,028 


7,471 


15,499 


16,291 


Levis 


14,319 


14,594 


28,913 


26.210 


Peterborough. W 


12,936 


13,215 


26,151 


20,704 


L'Islet 


8,538 


7,897 


16,435 


14.439 


Prescott 


13,669 


13,299 


26,968 


27,0.35 


Lotbiniere . . . 


11.144 


11,014 


22,158 


20.039 


Prince Edward 


8,448 


8,702 


17,150 


17,864 


Maisonneuve . . 


85,577 


85,401 


170,978 


65.178 


Renfrew, North 


12,091 


11,526 


23,617 


24,556 


Masklnonge . . 


8.265 


8,244 


16,509 


15.813 


Benfrew, South 


14,209 


13,643 


27.852 


27,676 


Megantic 


16,439 


14,875 


31,314 


23,878 


Russell 


20,188 


19,246 


39,434 


35,166 


Misslsquoi 


8,893 


8,573 


17,466 


17.339 


Simcoe, East. . 


18,324 


16.970 


35,294 


29,845 


Montmagny . . 


8,729 


8,627 


17,356 


14,757 


Simcoe. North 


12,664 


12,035 


24,699 


26,071 


Montmorency . 


6.606 


6,609 


13.215 


12.311 


Simcoe. South 


12,621 


12.439 


25,060 


26.399 


Montreal — 










Stormont 


12,273 


12,502 


24,775 


27,042 


Ste. Anne. . . 


11,402 


10,274 


21,676 


23,368 


Thunder Bay & 










Montreal— 










Rainy River. 


42,293 


24,956 


67.249 


28,987 


St. Antoine. 


23,709 


24,929 


48,638 


47.653 


Toronto Centre 


27,550 


25,575 


53,125 


43,861 


Montreal— 










Toronto. East. 


33,888 


35,024 


68,912 


40,194 


St. Jacques. 


22,028 


22,029 


44,057 


42.618 



Provinces and 


Population in 


1911. 


Pop. 


Districts. 


Male. 


Female. 


Total. 


1901. 


Montcalm 


7,066 


6,796 


13,862 


13,001 


Montreal— 










St. Laurent. 


27,637 


28,223 


55,860 


48,808 


Montreal— 










Ste. Marie. . 


27,282 


27,628 


54,910 


40,631 


Nicolet 


15,077 


14,978 


30,055 


27,209 


Pontiac •. 


15,634 


13,782 


29,416 


25.722 


Portneuf 


15,326 


15,193 


30,529 


27,159 


Quebec Centre. 


9,267 


11,876 


21,143 


20,366 


Quebec, East. . 


22,457 


24,972 


47,429 


39,325 


Quebec, West.. 


4,370 


5,248 


9,618 


9,149 


Quebec County 


12,858 


12,986 


25,844 


22,101 


Richelieu 


10,332 


10,354 


20,686 


19,518 


Eichmond and 










Wolfe 


20,230 


19,261 


•39,491 


34,137 


Eimouski 


26,491 


24,999 


51,490 


40,157 


Rouville 


6,609 


6,522 


13,131 


13,407 


St. Hyacinthe 


10,633 


11,709 


22,342 


21,543 


St. Jean and 










Iberville ... 


11,062 


10,820 


21,882 


20,679 


Shefford 


12,145 


11,831 


23,976 


23,628 


Sherbrooke . . . 


11,648 


11,563 


23,211 


18,426 


Soulanges 


4,640 


4,760 


9,400 


9,928 


Stanstead 


10,301 


10,464 


20,765 


18,998 


Temlscouata . 


18,650 


17,780 


30,430 


29,185 


Terrebonne . . . 


14,592 


14,426 


29,018 


26,816 


Trois -Rivieres 










& St. Maurice 


18,203 


17,950 


36,153 


29,311 


Vaudreuil 


5,585 


5,454 


11,039 


10,445 


Wright 


24,771 


23,561 


48,332 


42,830 


Yamaska 


9,805 


9,706 


19,511 


20.564 


Quebec, Unor- 










ganized 


1,332 


734 


2,066 


2.405 


■SASKATCHE- 










WAN. 


291,730 


200,702 


492,432 


91,279 


Assiniboia ... 


24,619 


17,937 


42,556 


9,332 


Battleford . . . 


28,734 


18,341 


47,075 


6,171 


Humboldt 


30,405 


21,790 


52,195 


2,166 


Mackenzie . . . 


22.204 


18,354 


40,558 


13,537 


Moose Jaw . . . 


55,101 


32,624 


87,725 


5,761 


Prince Albert. 


20,847 


15,472 


36,319 


12,795 


Qu'Appelle . . . 


20,053 


15,555 


35,608 


17,178 


Regina 


44,478 


26,078 


70,556 


7,70:^ 


Saltcoats 


16,019 


12,676 


28,695 


9,479 


Saskatoon 


29,270 


21,875 


51.145 


7,1.-7 


YUKON. 


6,508 


2,004 


8,512 


27,219 


N. W. TERRI- 










TORIES. 


8,673 


8,523 


17,196 


20,129 



Total Increase in nu-al population in 10 years 574.878, 
or 17.16 per cent.; increase in urban populaion in 
10 years 1.258.645. or 62.25 per cent. 

POPULATION OF PRINCIPAL CITIES AND 
TOWNS. 1901 AND 1911. 



POPULATION BY DOMICILE IN 1901-1911. 

1911. 1901. 

Provinces. Rural. Urban. Rural. Urban. 



Alberta 


. 232,726 


141,937 


52,399 


20,623 


British Col.. 


. 188,796 


203.684 


88,478 


90,179 


Manitoba ... 


. 255,249 


200,365 


184,738 


70,473 


New Bruns . . 


. 252,342 


99,547 


253,835 


77,285 


Nova Scotia . 


. 306,210 


186,128 


330,191 


129,383 


Ontario 


.1,194,785 


1.328,489 


1,246,969 


935,978 



Prince Edward 

Island 78,758 

Quebec 1,032,618 

Saskatchewan . 361,067 

Yukon 4,647 

N.W. Territories 17,196 



14,970 
970,094 
131,365 



88,304 
992, &67 
73,729 
18,077 
20,129 



14,955 

356,231 

17,550 

9,142 



Cities and Towns. 



1901. Increase. 



ALBERTA. 

Calgary 

Edmonton 

Lethbridge 

Medicine Hat 

Strathcona 



BRITISH COLUMBIA. 

Nanaimo 

New Westminster 

Prince Rufert 

Point Grey 

Vancouver 

Vancouver, North 

Vancouver. South 

Victoria 

MANITOBA. 

Brandon 

Portage la Prairie 

St. Boniface 

Winnipeg , 



NEW BRUNSWICIi. 

Fredericton 

Moncton 

St. John 



Totals . 



.3,924,394 3,280,444 3,349,516 2,021,799 



NOVA SCOTIA. 

Amherst 

Dartmouth 

Glace Bay 

Cities and Towns. 

Halifax 

North Sydney 

Sydney Mines 

Sydney Town 

Truro 

Yarmouth 



ONTARIO. 

Amprior 

Barrie 

BeUeville* 

Berlin 

Brantford 

Brockville 

Chatham 

Cobalt 

Cobourg 

Collingwood 

Cornwall 

Dundas 

Fort William 

Gait 

Goderich 

Guelph .■ 

Hamilton 

Hawkesbury 

IngersoU 

Kenora 



43,704 
24,900 
8.050 
5,608 
5.579 



8,306 
13,199 

4,184 

4,320 
100,401 

8,196 
16,021 
.31,660 



13,839 
5,892 



7,208 
11,345 
42,511 



5,058 

16,562 

1911. 

46,619 

5,418 

7,470 

17,723 

6,107 

6,600 

4,405 

6,420 

9,876 

15,196 

23,132 

9,374 

10,770 

5,638 

5,074 

7,090 

6,598 

4,299 

16,499 

10,299 

4,522 

15,175 

81,969 

4,400 

4,763 

6,158 



4,392 39,. -13 

2,626 22, 

2.072 

1,750 c„.._ , 

1.550 4,029 



6,130 
6,499 



2,176 
6,700 
4,184 
4,320 

73,391 
8,l&o 

16,021 
9,741 



5,620 8,:il9 

3,901 1,8:1 

2,019 5,464 

42,320 93,7i.5 



7,117 S"- 

9,026 2,r : 

40.711 1,8 1 



4,964 
4,806 
6,945 
1901. 
40,832 
4,646 
3,191 
9,909 
5,993 



4,152 
5.949 
9.117 
9.747 
16,619 
8,940 



4,239 
5,755 
6,704 
3,173 
3,633 
7,866 
4,158 
11,496 
52,634 
4.150 
4,573 
5.202 



4,009 

25 

9,6i: 
Increase 

5,78: 
77 

4,27y 

7,814 
114 
170 



253 
471 
759 

5,449 

6,513 
434 

1,702 

5,638 
835 

1,335 
—106 

1,126 
12,866 

2,433 
364 

3.679 

29,335 

250 

190 

956 



Cities and Towns 



1011. 



1901. Increase. 



Kin> ston 

Lln'?aay 

Lo- on 

Mic-and 

Niagara Falls . 

North' Bay 

North Toronto. 

Orillia 

Oshawa 



,m Sound 

Tbroke 

^ c.efboro 

Port Arthur 

Port Hope 

St. Catharines 

St. Thomas 

Sarnla 

Sault Ste. Marie. 

Smith's Falls 

Stratford 

l^udhury 

Toronto 

"Waterloo 

Welland 

/.Vindsor .... 

'S^oodstock 



18,874 
6,964 

46,300 
4,663 
9,248 
7,737 
5,362 
6,828 
7,436 

87,062 

12,358 
5,626 

18,360 

11,220 
5,092 

12;484 

14,054 
9,947 

10,984 
6,370 

12,946 

4,150 

376,538 

4,359 

5,318 

17,829 



PRINCE EDWARD IS. 

'■(^harlottetown 

QUEBEC. 

.Chicoutimi 

^^f aservllle 



Orandimere . . 

Hull 

Joliette 

■'.JLachine 

^.Levis 

Longueuil 

-Maisonneuve . 

..Montreal 

-Quebec 

St. Hyacinth©. 
, Sherbrooke . . . 

Sorel , 



17,961 
7,003 

37,976 
3,174 
5,702 
2,530 
1,852 
4,907 
4,394 

59,928 
8„776 
5,156 

11,239 
3,214 
4,188 
9,946 

11,485 
8,176 
7,169 
5,155 
9,959 
2,027 
208,040 
3,537 
1,863 

12,153 



11,198 12,080 



913 
— 39 
8,324 
1,489 
3,546 
5,207 
3,510 
1,921 
3,042 
27,134 
3,782 

470 
7,121 
8,006 
- 904 
2,538 
2,569 
1,771 
3,815 
1,215 
2,987 
2,123 
168,498 

822 
3,455 
5,676 

487 



5,880 


3,826 


2,054 


6,898 


4,569 


2,329 


4,752 


3,773 


9? 9 


4,783 


2,511 


2,272 


18,222 


13,993 


4,229 


7,300 


4,220 


3,080 


10,699 


5,561 


5,138 


7,452 


7,783 


—331 


4,300 


2,835 


1,465 


18,684 


3,958 


14,726 


470,480 


267,730 


202,750 


78,-190 


68,840 


9,350 


9,797 


9,210 


587 


16,405 


11.765 


4.640 


8,420 


7,057 


1,863 



Cities and Towns. 1911. 1901. Increase. 

Thetford Mines 7,261 3,256 4,005 

Trois Rivieres " 14,441 9,981 4',460 

Valleyfleld 9,440 11,053 —1606 

Verdun il,629 1,898 9,731 

SASKATCHEWAN. 

Moose Jaw 13,823 1,558 12,265 

Prince Albert 6,254 1,785 4,469 

Regina 30,213 2,249 27,964 

Saskatoon 12,004 113 11,891 

Males. 

Provinces. Single. Married. Widowed. Divor'd. 

Alberta 147,587 70,706 3,385 106 

Brit. Col 160,218 83,096 4,079 145 

Manitoba 160,159 83,987 3,926 50 

New Bruns... 113,015 61,131 4,978 51 

Nova Scotia.. 156,643 86,277 6,891 38 

Ontario 762,312 492,632 33,563 189 

P. E. Island.. 30,216 13,266 1,513 7 

Quebec 636,931 342,869 26,055 134 

Saskatchewan.. 192,352 90,765 4,291 83 

Yulcon 4,672 1,623 169 31 

N. W. Terr... 5,037 3,194 270 3 

Totals 2,369,142 1,331,546 89,120 839 

Females. 

Provinces. Single. Married. Widowed. Divor'd. 

Alberta 83,026 62,710 4,509 37 

Brit. Col 71,585 61,359 6,178 87 

Manitoba 118,669 78,751 7,260 38 

New Bruns... 101,288 60,069 10,380 37 

Nova Scotia... 139,958 84,008 16,440 36 

Ontario 672,910 468,170 75,407 227 

P. E. Island.. 28,162 13,138 3,279 8 

Quebec 608,182 334,506 46,636 169 

Saskatchewan.. 112,387 82,189 5,556 34 

Yukon 834 1,012 135 18 

N. W. Terr... 4,340 3,254 818 

Totals 1,941,341 1.251,166 179.598 691 

The number of members of each religious creed 
was as foUowsi in 1911: Roman. @ia.thollcs, 2,833,- 
041; Presbyterians, 1,115,324; Anglicans, 1,043,017; 
Methodists, 1,079,892; Baptists, 382,666; Lutherans, 
229,864; Congregationallsts, 34,054; MisceUaneous, 
554,490; no creed stated, 32,490— total, 7,204,838. 



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